The accurate modeling of the charging behaviors for electric vehicles (EVs) is the basis for the charging load modeling, the charging impact on the power grid, orderly charging strategy, and planning of charging facilities. Therefore, an accurate joint modeling approach of the arrival time, the staying time, and the charging capacity for the EVs charging behaviors in the work area based on ternary symmetric kernel density estimation (KDE) is proposed in accordance with the actual data. First and foremost, a data transformation model is established by considering the boundary bias of the symmetric KDE in order to carry out normal transformation on distribution to be estimated from all kinds of dimensions to the utmost extent. Then, a ternary symmetric KDE model and an optimum bandwidth model are established to estimate the transformed data. Moreover, an estimation evaluation model is also built to transform simulated data that are generated on a certain scale with the Monte Carlo method by means of inverse transformation, so that the fitting level of the ternary symmetric KDE model can be estimated. According to simulation results, a higher fitting level can be achieved by the ternary symmetric KDE method proposed in this paper, in comparison to the joint estimation method based on the edge KDE and the ternary t-Copula function. Moreover, data transformation can effectively eliminate the boundary effect of symmetric KDE.


Countries around the world are expected to speed up the process of an energy transition towards cleaner energy solutions as a way to achieve sustainability and fight against climate change. Education plays an important role in this process, informing and increasing understanding on the benefits and challenges of energy efficiency and renewable energy, especially among young people. In search of innovative approaches, there is increasing attention for game-based learning as an innovative education strategy among scholars and practitioners. In this paper, we present "We-Energy Game" as an innovative educational strategy which makes use of game-based learning to create understanding on the challenges in the provision of affordable energy from renewable sources for an entire town. In addition to introducing the game, a study is presented on the effects of the game on students ́ awareness on the energy transition, self-efficacy, and collective efficacy. For that purpose, a survey is conducted with 100 bachelor (Dutch and international) students aged between 18 and 30 years old, at Hanze University of Applied Sciences, before and after playing the game. We also conducted a group discussion with a smaller group of students to understand their opinion about the game. Results reveal an increase in awareness about the energy transition: in a smaller degree, we observe slightly increase in collective efficacy compared to self-efficacy. From the group discussion, findings reveal that the game makes students reflect on the complexity of the process and need for collaboration among different stakeholders.


Associated with the latest advance of ATM based passive optical network (APON), this paper introduces the key technology used to realize APON such as ranging, medium access control (MAC), burst transmitting and receive,burst synchronisation and chruning.


New biocomposite films from Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/Palm kernel shell powder (PKSP) were prepared by solution casting method. The effect of PKSP addition on the film was studied based on the tensile properties, physical properties and biodegradability. From tensile test, it was found that the tensile properties decreased with the increasing PKSP loading in the composition. This is due to the poor interfacial adhesion and agglomeration of PKSP at high filler loading as proven by SEM micrograph. The water absorption and water vapour transmission (WVT) were also increased with PKSP loading. Higher weight loss in biodegradability test, indicating the PVA/PKSP biocomposite films had higher biodegradability compared to neat PVA film.


Polystyrene spheres have been synthesized using potassium persulphate (KPS) as initiators without using anysurfactant or stabilizing agent. Simple mixing method was used to synthesize styrene monomer into polystyrenespheres. The influences of mixing time, ammount of styrene monomers, and ammount of initiators were studiedin this research. Size measurement and its distribution were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).Monodisperse spheres and verry narrow size distribution are expected in this research. The results showed thatthe most optimum time to synthesize styrene monomer into polystyrene latex is 6 hours, where biggest and mostuniform spheres size were obtained. Meanwhile when ammount of styrene monomers were increased, thediameter of polystyrene spheres were also increased. The biggest and most uniform polystyrene spheres diameterwas shown by 14% volume ratio of styrene monomer. For initiators influence, the smaller diameter ofpolystyrene spheres were obtained for 0.2 gram KPS than in 0.05 gram KPS. Polystyrene spheres using 0.05gram KPS also has more uniform size than in 0.2 gram.


Budgetary slack directly impairs a firm's budgetary management. Budgetary slack at a firm's business unit level makes the firm level budget like a building on sand. However, it is difficult to detect the existence and to evaluate the extent of budgetary slack at a firm's business unit level. Starting with the five-year historical data of a service delivery center in a U.S. Fortune 500 firm, this research develops a comprehensive approach for probing and assessing the budgetary slack in a firm's business units. The approach leverages operational efficiencies and transfer values of business units of a firm's internal transfer system. It also contributes to evaluating the rationale of the budget of a firm's business unit in the budgetary approval process.


WHILE RESEARCH HAS INDICATED that kindergarten teachers across cultures have consistently faced high work stress that may influence their wellbeing, little research has examined the relationships among kindergarten teachers' wellbeing, perceived school culture, and personality types. In the research, 371 in-service kindergarten teachers completed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, the School Culture Survey, the Job Satisfaction Survey, the General Health Questionaire-12, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory. Results indicated that teachers who perceived their school culture more positively tended to show higher levels of job satisfaction and self-esteem, but less mental health complaints. In addition, teachers of the extraverted, feeling, and judging types tended to perceive their school culture more positively, have higher levels of job satisfaction and self-esteem than those teachers of the introverted, thinking, and perceiving types. Implications of the findings are discussed in relation to senior school managers and policy-makers in their effort to promote school development and teacher professional development.


We consider the problem of finding a minimum weight Hamiltonian circuit in a weighted undirected graph. If the edge weights are non-negative and satisfy the triangle inequality, there are heuristics for this problem known to have data-independent bounds on their performance. We derive data-dependent bounds for these heuristics for arbitrary edge weight problems. Our approach leads to sharper bounds than the data-independent ones when the data is non-negative and satisfies the triangle inequality.


Objective: We aimed to evaluate the relationship between preoperative American Society of Anesthesiology and Modified Charlson Comorbidty Index scores and postoperative survival in geriatric patients who had undergone thoracic surgery. Methods: A total of 109 patients aged 65 years and above who had undergone thoracic surgery under elective conditions were included in this retrospective study. Results: Patients who died within the first postoperative two years had higher American Society of Anesthesiology III–IV scores (p=0.03), higher Modified Charlson Comorbidty Index scores (p=0.04), and lower hemoglobin and hematocrit values (p=0.02 and p=0.005, respectively). We found that Modified Charlson Comorbidty Index was significantly effective in predicting two-year mortality among geriatric patients (AUC = 0.648, 95% CI: 0.516–0.780, p=0.02). In the ROC analysis, the best predictive cut-off value for Modified Charlson Comorbidty Index was found to be 7 (sensitivity: 79.7%, and specificity: 44.4%). Conclusion: The cautious choice of patients for the medical procedure has contributed to the improvement in mortality rates after some time, and with refinements in preoperative testing meticulous patient selection should be maintained.


The soft rough set model was introduced by Fing in 2011 and can be considered as a generalized rough set model, in which an interesting connection was established between two mathematical approaches to vagueness: rough sets and soft sets. It was also shown that Pawlak's rough set model can be viewed as a special case of soft rough sets. There are two problems with this model in using this concept in real-life applications. The first problem is that some soft rough sets are not contained in their upper approximations, which contradicts Pawlak's thoughts. The second problem is that the boundary region of any considered set, in the soft rough set model, must be decreased to make it possible to take a true decision of any application problem. In this study, the soft rough set model is modified to solve these problems. The basic properties of the modified approximations are introduced and supported with propositions and illustrative examples. Modified concepts can be viewed as a general mathematical model for qualitative and quantitative real-life problems. A comparison between the suggested approach to soft rough sets and the traditional soft rough set model is provided.


Abstract In this concluding article I recall the early history of the Gaia mission, showing that the original science case and expectations of wide community interest in Gaia data have been met. The quarter-century long partnership involving some 1,000 scientists, engineers and managers in industry and academia is delivering a large, high-quality and unique data set which will underpin astrophysics across many sub-fields for years to come.


At the local scale, basically there are three major urban elements which may influence the temperature condition of a city. They are buildings, greenery and pavement area/streets. The proportion of these elements plays as an important role. Planting of vegetation is one of the methods to reduce the high ambient temperature in an environment. One tree can already generate the coolness, but its impacts are limited only to its surroundings (Jauregui, 1990/91). It has been widely researched about the impact of greenery to the built environment. Greenery provides positive benefits because it dissipates incoming solar heat on building structures through its effective shading; it can reduce long-wave radiation exchange between buildings due to the low surface temperatures created by shading of plants and it can reduce ambient air temperature through evapotranspiration (Wong, et.al, 2003). Chen Yu (2006) concluded that large urban parks can extend the positive effects to the surrounding built environment. Through the field measurement, the built environment, which is close to the park, has a lower temperature of average 1.3oC. Thus, the more parks are built in an urban area, the lower the urban temperature will be. The temperatures measured within parks also have strong relationship with the density of plants, since plants with higher Lead Area Index (LAI) may result in lower ambient temperatures. Results derived from the energy simulation shows that energy may be saved when buildings are built near to parks with a maximum of 10% reduction in cooling load. The Envi-met simulation (Envi-met, 2006) indicates that park has significant cooling effect on surroundings both during day and night. This study is the extension of the Singapore urban heat island study which focuses more on the microclimate scale. As compared with the previous study on campus area (Wong, et.al, 2006), in this study, more data points were collected with a longer period of measurement and different method of analysis was used. All of the measurement data was put into the Geographical Information System (GIS) database and daily day time and night time temperature maps were produced. Climatic mapping method has become widely used because it is a very useful tool for urban planning. This is because it can provide a clear picture from micro to macro level. By using Geographical Information System (GIS), climatic map can be developed together with ABSTRACT


This contemporary feminist ethnography draws on in-depth ethnographically-anchored lifestory interviews with loved ones and uses digital media (such as ArcGIS) to expand the ethnographic collection around the globe. Members of the FRC conceived of the WomenWeLove Project as an opportunity for the lesser-told stories of six ordinary women from different places to take center stage. By digitizing the stories, researchers and participants are able to join in the use of public digitalizations (like the #MeToo movement) to connect through empowering ethnographic efforts. Their stories are contextualized within and across one another as a complex study of women's lives in geopolitical heterosexism and patriarchy. The name of the project, WomenWeLove, both honors those we are writing about and acknowledges love as methodologically salient. It is unusual to conduct studies of any kind within the context of such close researcher/participant relationships. At the intersection of ethnography and love, emerges the methodological innovation of migratory storyworlding. The paper contributes to our contemporary ethnographic theories and practices by committing to love as a methodologically interesting orientation toward one's research, examining the migratory and digitized possibilities for ethnography, and by introducing a migratory storyworlding methodology.


PART ONE Problems and Solutions 1 ANCIENT ORIENT AND OLD TESTAMENT: THE BACKGROUND 15 I An Age of Change II The Basis of the Main Problems III Some Basic Principles of Study 2 EARLY HEBREW CHRONOLOGY 35 I Before Abraham II The Date of the Patriarchal Age 3 LATER HEBREW CHRONOLOGY 57 I The Date of the Exodus and Israelite Invasion of Canaan II The Monarchy and Later 4 SOME HISTORICAL PROBLEMS 79 I Alleged Anachronisms II False Identifications 5 HEBREW CONTACTS WITH NEAR EASTERN RELIGIONS 87


Abstract The 2011 Carroll College Archaeological Field School conducted an exploratory excavation within the Beaver Creek Rockshelter (24LC1993/2186) in southwestern Montana. Excavations revealed four cultural occupation layers dating to 1280±50 B.P., 1730±40 B.P., 1980±50 B.P., and between 1980±50 B.P. and 2470±30 B.P. Each occupation layer exposed limited lithics, faunal materials, and features. Valuable paleoenvironmental data were also collected. Our research revealed a connection between the visible changes in late Holocene faunal assemblages, vegetation, siltation, and charcoal content. All of these point to the possibility of climate change or a large fire event nearly 2,000 years ago.


Optimization of the process of induction clamping is presented, consisting in finding the optimum shape of the field coil. The objective function takes into account the required expansion of the bore of the clamping head. While the forward problem is, as a coupled task with nonlinear and nonstationary interaction of three physical fields (magnetic field, temperature field and field of thermoelastic displacements), solved by Finite Element Method, the backward problem is solved using several heuristic and deterministic algorithms. The methodology is illustrated with a typical example.


K-SVD is a signal representation method which, from a set of signals, can derive a dictionary able to approximate each signal with a sparse combination of the atoms. This paper focuses on the K-SVD-based image denoising algorithm. The implementation is described in detail and its parameters are analyzed and varied to come up with a reliable implementation.


Heat transport is one of the most basic needs of the present time. Depending on the distance, appropriate heat transfer systems are chosen. For relatively smaller distances, the use of heat pipes is ideal. They are devices using a phase change of the working substance. They do not contain moving parts, so they are almost trouble-free and maintenance-free. Due to their simple construction and function, they are also relatively cheap. This contribution deals with the analysis of the transmission capabilities of the gravity heat pipe depending on its diameter and the angle of rotation from the vertical plane. The material of the heat pipe is copper, and water was used as the working substance.


It is well-known that SiC wafer quality deficiencies are delaying the realization of outstandingly superior 4H-SiC power electronics. While efforts to date have centered on eradicating micropipes (i.e., hollow core super-screw dislocations with Burgers vector > 2c), 4H-SiC wafers and epilayers also contain elementary screw dislocations (i.e., Burgers vector = Ic with no hollow core) in densities on the order of thousands per cm 2 , nearly 100-fold micropipe densities. This paper describes an initial study into the impact of elementary screw dislocations on the reverse-bias current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of 4H-SiC p + n diodes. First, Synchrotron White Beam X-ray Topography (SWBXT) was employed to map the exact locations of elementary screw dislocations within small-area 4H-SiC p + n mesa diodes. Then the high-field reverse leakage and breakdown properties of these diodes were subsequently characterized on a probing station outfitted with a dark box and video camera. Most devices without screw dislocations exhibited excellent characteristics, with no detectable leakage current prior to breakdown, a sharp breakdown I-V knee, and no visible concentration of breakdown current. In contrast devices that contained at least one elementary screw dislocation exhibited a 5% to 35% reduction in breakdown voltage, a softer breakdown I-V knee, and visible microplasmas in which highly localized breakdown current was concentrated. The locations of observed breakdown microplasmas corresponded exactly to the locations of elementary screw dislocations identified by SWBXT mapping. While not as detrimental to SiC device performance as micropipes, the undesirable breakdown characteristics of elementary screw dislocations could nevertheless adversely affect the performance and reliability of 4H-SiC power devices.


To be environmentally friendly and save energy, absorption air-conditioning system is a good attempt. However, plenty of heat waste in the regeneration limits its performance. For further application, the capacitive deionization (CDI) regeneration method has been proposed which works between the electrode pairs of the capacitor to achieve the interconversion between water and solution. Previous work shows the theoretical COP of the new system could reach up to 6 under certain conditions. Different absorbents have been calculated and experimented in this paper to find a most suitable absorbent to approach the highest possible COP. Different concentrations also has been considered. It is found that the COP of the CDI based system can attain 2 to 3. Experimental results agree well with theoretical results of the tendency of the system performance among different absorbents and different concentrations. There is some difference of the COP because the energy recovery rate in our experiment can not approach 50% which is calculated at 50% theoretically. In practical applications, the COP could be higher with energy recovery of CDI.


Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a leading cause of death worldwide and with increasing cases of drug-resistance, new treatments options are required. PrsA is an essential protein in mycobacteria and is necessary for arabinogalactan production and nucleotide biosynthesis. This protein is not currently targeted by any drugs in clinical development and represents a potential drug development avenue.
 Currently, no crystal structure of M. tuberculosis PrsA (MtPrsA) is available, hence the SWISS-MODEL structure, based on M. smegmatis (93% similarity) was utilised. Molecular Dynamic simulations were performed on the modelled structure, to gain information on the protein's predicted flexibility. The output trajectory was clustered, and representatives of each major cluster were used in downstream analysis. Ensemble docking, molecular docking on the ensemble of MtPrsA structures, of the GSK-177 prioritised compounds was undertaken. The docking predictions were also re-evaluated using machine learning based programmes, including NNScore.
 This approach yielded several compounds which could be taken forward for further computational analysis. The compound rankings were also retroactively compared to experimental data studying the GSK-177 compounds' interactions with mycobacteria.
 This research represents a potential workflow for future in silico drug development efforts against M. tuberculosis and further work may allow the identified compounds to be used for the treatment of TB.


– This work was designed to study the effect of fibers addition in frankfurters on food bolus characteristics after mastication and on oral release of nutrients. Frankfurters were prepared with addition of fibers ( psyllium and tapioca starch) in reduced-fat formulations. Food boluses were prepared during normal mastication programmed on a mastication simulator (AM2). After liquid-solid phase separation, boluses were analyzed for physical (granulometry, rheological behavior) and chemical (protein/lipid oxidation, iron/peptides release in bolus liquid phase) properties. Results showed that physico-chemical characteristics of food bolus after mastication depended on presence and fiber type. Matrix disruption during chewing is more important with fiber addition but significance was observed for psyllium fiber only. The bolus of psyllium -enriched frankfurter was softer, less cohesive than no-fiber and tapioca starch-enriched ones. Iron release from food matrix was significantly lower and peptide release significantly greater in frankfurters containing psyllium fibers compared to no-fibers and tapioca starch-enriched ones. In presence of fibers, liquid part of boluses contained fewer particles, which were of larger diameter with tapioca starch. Fibers used as fat-replacers in frankfurters formulation lead to significant changes in food bolus characteristic after mastication.


Asthma is a prevalent disease characterized by chronic inflammatory changes of the airway and marked by airway hyperresponsiveness, edema, and excess mucus production. Management of the disease has focused upon reversing the early airway changes and limiting the late effects of airway remodeling. Several classes of medications are available for the effective treatment and long‐term control of asthma and novel therapeutic options are in development that hold promise in improving patient outcome.


The present invention provides a small micro vacuum suction sound based on the principles of the climbing robot. It comprises a moving means, the vacuum generating mechanism is mounted on the moving means and the suction cup is mounted on the moving means; said vacuum generating means comprises a one-way piston pump with a drive motor, the one-way piston pump in communication the diaphragm pump and two-way valve; said mobile mechanism is a six-legged structure, each foot joint is driven by a motor, harmonic reducer mounted across the motor, the planetary gear unit is connected to the harmonic reduction and a bevel gear connected to the planetary gear unit composed of a module, the module ends via a joint rod is connected to the passive body, respectively, the cup attaching the body by passive joints passive rod, sucker connected via a line with the two-way valve. The present invention has a small size, low noise, and other advantages of untethered. There are broad prospects in terms of counter-terrorism surveillance, detection and other high-rise buildings.


Despite the fact that tensile behavior of woven fabrics has been previously explored, the nonisotropic material qualities of fabrics can be considered from various points of view. From this perspective, this study is carried out to comprehensively inspect the tensile behavior of woven fabrics. Since worsted fabrics are considered in outwear clothing and their extension under low loads determines their shaping on the body, the extension behavior of the worsted woven fabrics in various directions was probed thoroughly. It was found that fabric stress variations in terms of time in all directions trace in a parabolic manner but the shape of the curve (open or close form) depends on the fabric direction. The above mentioned phenomenon is related to weft and warp yarn crimps and their contribution to tolerating the tensile load. In all fabric directions, it is possible to identify the tensile behavior index, which is the time of change in the fabric's tensile behavior. The value of tensile behavior index against fabric direction follows a sinusoidal function, and it is affected by fabric weave structure and density.


Response to external environment is the outcome of stress-induced gene expression.In this paper,based on one stress-induced EST sequence,we cloned four R2R3-MYB genes from soybean cultivar Dongnong 42,whose genomic sequences con-sisted of three exons and two introns.Three of them corresponding to Gm02g1300,Gm03g38040,and Gm10g01340 are respectively consistent with the sequences of Williams 82.A mutation at the 375th single nucleotide in the sequence of Gm19g40650 from Dongnong 42 caused a synonymous amino acid substitution(E125-D125).To test the relationship of four MYB genes with stress resis-tance,we treated the seedlings of cultivar Dongnong 42 with abiotic stresses including salt,alkali,drought and low temperature in the artificial climate chamber.Quantitative PCR analysis indicated that all of the four genes were transient down-regulated or up-regulated when subjected to the stresses,but different in the expression time,level and tendency.Gm02g01300 was induced by drought stress while Gm03g38040 was strongly induced by multiple stresses,indicating that they play important roles in responding to external stresses.There were also differences in the expression of individual gene between cotyledons and embryos.These results under a variety of abiotic stress conditions suggest that the four R2R3-MYB genes are different not only in the expression patterns,but also in the regulation modes.


Today, there is an increasing demand for high frequency, high power and high temperature applications where the converters will operate in a harsh environment. Switching devices based on Silicon Carbide (SiC) offer a significant performance improvement on the switch level compared with Si devices. This paper describes the current state of the art in SiC devices briefly. Then the research and development of applying SiC devices in military and industrial applications are given respectively. And challenges regarding broader implementation of SiC devices today are emphasized. Finally, a short outlook into the future for upcoming SiC power devices is given.


Gradual change in climate had not only heightened the movement southwards in Nigeria, it has also increase the rate of communal and tribal conflicts. More people are moving southwards owing to change in climate that is worsening their living conditions. It is established that north-south migration is influenced by environmental changes, particularly climate. The study employed survey research designs. A multi stage sampling procedure was adopted in the selection of 24 randomly selected focused groups and 1025 structured questionnaire was randomly administered to selected migrants in rural and urban local government areas of three states (Ekiti ,Ogun, and Oyo) because Lagos, Ondo and Osun states had been identified as known destination and origin of migrants from the north. The variation of changing patterns of migrants showed northsouth movements with Oyo ( =1.347), Ekiti ( =2.323) and Ogun ( =2.703) which is insignificant ( ). The study recommends holistic approach to solving climate driven migration in


This case is presented because of the unusual lesions observed in the spine. Tuberculosis of the spine usually presents a typical roentgenologic picture and its diagnosis is ordinarily not difficult. REPORT OF CASE History.— A white woman, aged 50, entered Glen Lake Sanatorium, Nov. 18, 1931, with the following complaints: (1) discharging left ear and enlarged cervical nodes; (2) loss of weight and weakness; (3) a mass in the left lumbar region; (4) fever and chills accompanied by occasional night sweats. The cervical adenitis was first noted in July 1931, following a mastoid operation. However, it was later recalled that a few slightly enlarged glands were present before the operation. The left ear had been discharging since the mastoidectomy. Loss of weight amounting to 25 pounds (11.3 Kg.) and weakness had been gradual over a period of two years. The mass in the lumbar region to the left of the


ABSTRACT Despite previous research suggesting a link between intimate partner violence (IPV) and depression within romantic relationships, few studies have examined the role of depression in couples experiencing violence. Using dyadic data of 129 heterosexual couples seeking couples therapy for high conflict including physical IPV, depressive symptoms were evaluated as a moderator in the association between psychological and physical IPV. Results indicated that moderate and high reports of women's depressive symptoms provided a context, while men's psychological abuse toward them moved from low to high, for women to be more physically abusive toward their partners. Further, low reports of women's depressive symptoms provided a context, while men's psychological abuse toward them moved from low to high, for women to be less physically abusive toward their partners. Better understanding the role of depression and how it may offer a context for physical violence assists helping professionals in holistically addressing violence within romantic relationships.


【Objectives : To review RCTs on acupuncture treatment for low back pain in order to establish a standard acupuncture treatment model in treating low back pain. Methods : RCT articles on traditional acupuncture treatment for low back pain were searched through online database. Study Quality was assessed using the FEAS. Results : Ten out of the one hundred six articles searched were reviewed. Among the ten articles reviewed, six articles compared acupuncture treatment with no treatment or non-penetrating sham acupuncture. All six articles concluded significantly positive effect of acupuncture compared to the control. Conclusions : The ideal acupuncture treatment model for low back pain was obtained as follows. A sterile disposable stainless steel(0.30mm ${\times}$ 40mm) should be inserted to more than six acupuncture points on the BL, GV and GB meridians such as $BL_23$ , $BL_25$ , $BL_40$ , $BL_60$ , $GV_4$ and $GB_30$ . Sparrow pecking method to obtain 'de-qi' is recommended and repeated stimulation during the 20 minute retention time is necessary. Ideal treatment frequency would be more than one a week for about 7 weeks.】


Using transmission-line equivalent circuit based on cross-field model for an interdigital acoustic wave transducer, an efficient simulation technique of SAW filters by SPICE is proposed. Propagation of surface acoustic wave is modeled as transmission line so that frequency-dependent circuit elements are not needed in the equivalent circuit of an interdigital transducer. Because the equivalent circuits for frequency-dependent circuit elements are not derived approximately, and a small number of circuit elements are used in the equivalent circuit for filters, simulation time is much reduced. The utility of the proposed technique is demonstrated through simulation for the characteristics of SAW filters such as insertion loss, input admittance, passband ripple, and harmonic frequency response.


Zero-inflated Poisson is an effective model dealing with counts data with excessive zero.However,Counting data typically contains censored or inaccurate characteristics. In this paper,we bring censored data into ZIP model,we respectively build up fixed effect zero-inflated Poisson model and random effect zero-inflated Poisson model.Additionally,the parameters estimation of the random effect zero-inflated Poisson model is surveyed systematically. At last,a real example illustrates that our model is available.


BACKGROUND
Intracranial air is a common finding after many neurosurgical procedures and trauma to the head. In patients requiring transport via air to reach a destination there is risk of expansion of the intracranial air and development of neurological complications. Though relatively uncommon after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), pneumocephalus may be encountered.

CASE REPORT
We describe one of our patients in whom intracranial air was introduced during FESS. Following the procedure she required commercial air transportation from our center to her home. A 45-min commercial flight to the destination was safely completed without the patient experiencing any neurological sequellae.

DISCUSSION
This case highlights the controversy surrounding air travel with pneumocephalus and provides an example of safe commercial air travel after diagnosis of post-FESS pneumocephalus.


The objective of this research was to make inquiries about the changes that three different contexts generate in the argumentative and epistemological operations used by children aged between 8 and 10 years. Thirty-six fifth grade students from two public schools in Cali, Colombia, took part in the study. The experimental design involved three contexts based on Klahr's theory (2000) about scientific reasoning : argumentation, prediction and experimentation. The students' argumentative performance in the three contexts was characterized by the recurrent use of operations such as affirmation and justification and by the relatively low occurrence of opposition and counter-opposition. In relation to the epistemic aspect, the students successively increased the empirical evaluations in the prediction and experimentation context, favoring the information that was obtained in the resolution of the situation in order to solve the conflicts present in the discourse. It was found that the students in the argumentative context used several variables to explain the bouncing phenomenon where construction material and presence of gas inside the objects were the most common ones. In the experimentation context there was an increase in the explanations of the phenomenon based on two simultaneous variables being weight and presence of gas, those of bigger proportions, as well as construction material and shape.


Temperature-sensitive magnetic fluids flow spontaneously in a magnetic field when there is a temperature difference and thus may be used in cooling devices operated without external power. However, magnetic fluids are difficult to mass-produce, and the dispersion ability of the working fluid cannot be controlled. We use magnetic material encapsulated in microcapsules of large diameter to function as a new type of refrigerant. By enclosing the magnetic material in capsules, they can be used with any working fluid. We made solid particles containing kerosene-based magnetic fluid in polymer. When a magnetic field was applied, the particles aggregated and formed clusters. A scanning electron microscope and focused ion beam system were used to determine the particle shapes. Particles 5–50 $\mu$m in size could be created by varying the rotation speed of the homogenizer during the synthesis.


Experimental studies have been conducted on a modified T low pressure turbine (LPT) profile in a 1.5 stage annular axial turbine rig at the Chair of Thermal Turbomachines, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum. The rig setup allows the highly resolved measurement of unsteady wake-stator flow interaction in both space and time. Incoming wakes are generated by a variable-speed driven rotor equipped with cylindrical bars. In the present paper an experimental approach to the investigation of unsteady phenomena is proposed. Time-averaged as well as instantaneous measurement data from 2D flow field traverses at the stator exit are provided for the analysis of the periodically unsteady vortex formation, displacement and suppression. Additional time-accurate blade pressure data is used to study the relationship between the detected secondary flow downstream of the stator row and the immediate wake impact on the blade profile.


The device parameter dependence of temperature characteristics is evaluated for lateral power MOSFET having buried gates in the lower channel area and having trench gate/drains, produced by the solid-phase epitaxy method. The device parameters considered were the gate length and the n-drift length. The temperature coefficient (change rate) of the threshold value depends on the gate length and this tendency tends to increase as the gate length increases. However, there was no dependence on the n-drift length. In addition, the temperature coefficient of the specific on-resistance depends on the n-drift length, to a degree that increases as the n-drift length increases. However, there was no dependence on the gate length. The above facts indicate that the temperature dependence of the device characteristics tends to decrease as the device size decreases. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(5): 55–61, 2001


ABSTRACT Archaeological investigations on sandy, well-drained terraces of the Grand River in southwestern Michigan revealed a large number of shallow surface depressions, marking the locations of former cache pits, i.e., subterranean storage features. Our paper documents these pits, one of the largest arrays of cache pits reported for the Upper Great Lakes. Excavations into 29 cache pits revealed that they had been backfilled with generally artifact-poor sands. Prior to backfilling, the cache pits had been burned, leaving behind a black, charcoal-rich, charred horizon at their base, below the fill. This type of intentional burning has not previously been reported. Intentional re-use of cache pits was rare, if it occurred at all. Subsequently, pedogenesis has formed tongue-like soil horizons below the surface depressions. Radiocarbon dates from the cache pits, along with diagnostic artifacts, place the use of these features to the Late Precontact period, particularly the mid- to late 15th century a.d.


A cleft lip scar is still an unavoidable and afflictive problem for cleft lip patients, although many operative procedures have been developed and established for either primary or secondary repair. In particular, a philtral scar is often conspicuous as a non–hairbearing line in the beard area of male adult patients. To improve these conspicuous cleft lip scars in male adult patients, camouflage techniques using autologous hair transplantation were attempted by Chen and Yeow1 and Kilic et al.2 using micro-hair grafts. In contrast, a single-hair transplantation technique developed by Choi and Kim3 using a Choi hair transplanter has replaced micrografts in the mainstream of hair transplantation. It offers a more natural appearance for the direction of the hair and improves survival rates of grafts. We obtained good aesthetic results in three male adult patients with single-hair transplantation using the Choi hair transplanter to camouflage cleft lip scars.


The manuscript by Tsai and colleagues comprehensively broached an important and understudied topic of melanoma awareness and sun-safety in African Americans. To our knowledge, this is the first randomized controlled trial to look at specific educational interventions to improve sun-protective behaviors, knowledge, and self-efficacy regarding melanoma in African Americans presenting to a dermatology clinic. While the study acknowledges there are likely etiologies beyond ultraviolet (UV) exposure in this vulnerable population, melanoma and sun-safety education could be an effective means to temper increasing melanoma rates and potentially to ameliorate the disproportionate morbidity and mortality experienced in the African American population.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine access for disabled people to emergency rest centres (ERCs) provision in the UK. ERCs are premises used for the temporary accommodation of evacuees during an emergency situation. They form an important part of emergency response, by providing a focal point for receiving people and providing food, shelter, information and support.Design/methodology/approach – Three case studies of ERCs that were established in different local authority areas within the Yorkshire and Humber region in the UK, during a flooding event on 25 June 2007, were used to determine the level of accessibility and inclusion of disabled people at these centres.Findings – While uncovering many instances of good practise, the results from the research identified lessons to be learnt, in particular the main barriers to access were: facilities and elements that did not comprise part of the building's normal operation, such as the provision of bedding, medical assistance and effective communic...


Using the Z-scan technique with 532 nm 4 ns laser pulses at various energy levels and repetition rates, we investigated the optical nonlinearities of tetra-tert-butylphthalocyaninatogallium iodide (t-Bu)4PcGaI. As a result, we found that the soluble peripherally tert-butyl-substituted phthalocyanine bound with the core of gallium iodide exhibited a giant two-photon absorption coefficient and Kerr refractive index. This suggests the potential applications of this material in numerous fields of nonlinear optics. However, when tackling the large nonlinearly induced loss and phase distortion analytically, we failed to fit the corresponding experimental results with the existent series sum formulas, which retain only the first few terms in the expansion. We performed the fitting by retrieving the high-order terms and justified this approach by dealing with the light-matter interaction and wave propagation.


Abstract This paper presents the results of a survey conducted in all the institutions of higher education which in 1984‐85 provided INSET diploma courses for specialist teachers of children with special educational needs. It reports on the information gathered concerning the range of courses offered and their organization, the experience and qualifications of the course tutors and the criteria used for the selection and assessment of students. The qualifications and career patterns of the students are presented, together with their reasons for wishing to attend the course. These data are considered in the light of both the ACSET report of 1984, which included the recommendation that initial training for special education should cease, and the recent and proposed changes in central government funding for INSET.


Background: The most common malignant tumour of head and neck region is Oral squamous cell carcinoma and is the third most common malignancy in India. The most common mode of metastasis is through the cervical lymph nodes. Detection of tumours is mostly done clinically by direct visual examination. The complexity in predicting the presence of metastatic disease in clinically negative necks has lead to wide spread use of elective neck dissection. This present study is intended to evaluate the status of clinically not detectable lymph nodes using. Computerized Tomography: (CT) which might help in determining the prognosis and treatment plan and also to compare the accuracy between the clinical examination and CT. Methods: Forty patients who have been histopathologically diagnosed as Oral squamous cell carcinoma were included in the study The patients were subjected to clinical as well as CT examination. The findings of both examinations were correlated with pathological findings from the neck dissection. Results: Number of True positives detected by clinical examination (CE) versus CT is 7 and 13 respectively (p=0.17). Number of True negatives detected by CE versus CT is 18 and 18 respectively (p=1). Number of False positives detected by CE versus CT is 5 and 5 respectively (p=1). Number of False negatives detected by CE versus CT is 10 and 4 respectively (p=0.1).Sensitivity for CE versus CT is 41.1% and 68.4% respectively (p=0). Specificity for CE versus CT is 78.2% and 78.2% respectively (p=1). Positive Predictive Value for CE versus CT is 58.3% and 72.2% respectively (p=0.001). Negative Predictive Value for CE versus CT is 64.2% and 75% respectively (p=0.001). Accuracy of CE versus CT is 62.5% and 77.5% respectively (p=0.001). Conclusion: The present result indicates that CT is an important image tool for detection of clinically occult lymph nodes of head and neck in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and statistically significant over the clinical examination regarding the sensitivity, true predictive value, false predictive value and over all accuracy.


It is known that nicotine can activate several subtypes of release‐regulating presynaptic nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) including those situated on central noradrenergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic and glutamatergic axon terminals. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic administration of (–)nicotine on the function of the above autoreceptors and heteroreceptors using rat superfused synaptosomes. In hippocampal synaptosomes prelabelled with [3H]noradrenaline (NA) the nicotine‐evoked overflow of [3H]NA was higher in rats treated with nicotine for 10 days (via osmotic mini‐pumps) than in vehicle‐treated rats. In striatal synaptosomes, prelabelled with [3H]dopamine (DA), chronic nicotine did not modify the releasing effect of nicotine. No significant change was observed in experiments with synaptosomes from nucleus accumbens prelabelled with [3H]DA. Exposure of hippocampal synaptosomes prelabelled with [3H]choline to nicotine elicited release of [3H]acetylcholine; this effect was almost abolished in synaptosomes from animals administered nicotine for 10 days, suggesting down‐regulation of nicotinic autoreceptors. In hippocampal synaptosomes prelabelled with [3H]d‐aspartate, the releasing effect of epibatidine following chronic nicotine treatment did not differ from that in controls. The K+‐evoked exocytotic release of the neurotransmitters tested was not modified by long‐term nicotine administration. The results show that chronic nicotine differentially affects the function of release‐regulating nAChR subtypes.


Tank 30H is the receipt tank for concentrate from the 3H Evaporator. Tank 30H has had problems, such as cooling coil failure, which limit its ability to receive concentrate from the 3H Evaporator. SRS High Level Waste wishes to use Tank 37H as the receipt tank for the 3H Evaporator concentrate. Prior to using Tank 37H as the 3H Evaporator concentrate receipt tank, HLW must remove 50 inches of salt cake from the tank. They requested SRTC to evaluate various salt removal methods for Tank 37H. These methods include slurry pumps, Flygt mixers, the modified density gradient method, and molecular diffusion.


DPRD is a Regional People's Representative Body as a representation of the people, has the function of Forming Regional Regulations, Budgeting and Oversight which of course requires people who are experts in their fields. The aim of the research is to conduct a legal review regarding the requirements for prospective DPRD members who graduate from high school who still have pros and cons. The type of research in this paper is normative with a statutory and conceptual approach. While the specification of the research is analytical descriptive, namely explaining the problem according to the research title. The data used is secondary data which consists of primary legal materials in the form of Law No. 7 of 2017, Law No.23 of 2014 and related laws in research journals and secondary legal materials in the form of books, journals, electronic news, laws and regulations, opinions of legal experts and writings related to research title. The legal review regarding the requirements for prospective DPRD members to graduate from high school does fulfill one of the requirements in the laws and regulations, but to become a people's representative or legislator with a high school diploma equivalent can be said to be not yet an expert or broad-minded due to limited education. Therefore, it is suggested that the requirements for candidates for legislative members need to increase the standardization of minimum education for candidates for legislative members who have graduated from university, at least a Bachelor of Laws or Bachelor degree related to executive, legislative and judicial policies.


Biodegradation studies of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride-acrylic-acrylamide-hydroxyethyl acrylate/ZnO (P(DMDAAC-AA-AM-HEA)/ZnO) nanocomposite were performed in a simulated aerobic activated sludge system. Batch experiments were conducted with different initial substrate concentrations between 100 and 1000 mg L−1 at pH 7 and 25 °C. The biodegradability tests of the samples by activated sludge exhibited significant degradation after 30 days of inoculation. The removal ratios were 71.8%, 67.1% and 63.6% at initial P(DMDAAC-AA-AM-HEA)/ZnO concentrations of 100, 500, and 1000 mg L−1, respectively, indicating that the biodegradation efficiency decreased with increasing initial substrate concentration. Kinetic studies showed that the Monod model could accurately describe the biodegradation process. The estimated values of the maximum specific rate of substrate degradation (νmax) and saturation rate constant (ks) were 2.56 h−1 and 336 mg L−1, respectively. The biodegradability of the P(DMDAAC-AA-AM-HEA)/ZnO nanocomposite was further confirmed through dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis. The action of microorganisms in the activated sludge caused the partial disruption of nano ZnO-matrix bonding, and was followed by random chain scission in the P(DMDAAC-AA-AM-HEA) polymer chains. These changes were accompanied by significant losses in the concentration and molecular weight of the samples.


HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) decomposes by competing reaction pathways to form various condensed and gas-phase intermediate and final products. Gas formation is related to the development of nonuniform porosity and high specific surface areas prior to ignition in cookoff events. Such thermal damage enhances shock sensitivity and favors self-supported accelerated burning. The extent of HMX decomposition in highly confined cookoff experiments remains a major unsolved experimental and modeling problem. The present work is directed at determination of global HMX kinetics useful for predicting the elapsed time to thermal runaway (ignition) and the extent of decomposition at ignition. Kinetic rate constants for a six step engineering based global mechanism were obtained using gas formation rates measured by Behrens at Sandia National Laboratories with his Simultaneous Modulated Beam Mass Spectrometer (STMBMS) experimental apparatus. The six step global mechanism includes competition between light gas (H[sub 2]Awe, HCN, CO, H[sub 2]CO, NO, N[sub 2]Awe) and heavy gas (C[sub 2]H[sub 6]N[sub 2]Awe and C[sub 4]H[sub 10]N0[sub 2]) formation with zero order sublimation of HMX and the mononitroso analog of HMX (mn-HMX), C[sub 4]H[sub 8]N[sub 8]Awe[sub 7]. The global mechanism was applied to the highly confined, One Dimensional Time to eXplosion (ODTX) experiment and hot cell experiments by suppressing the sublimation of HMX and mn-HMX. An additional gas-phase reaction was also included to account for the gas-phase reaction of N[sub 2]Awe with H[sub 2]CO. Predictions compare adequately to the STMBMS data, ODTX data, and hot cell data. Deficiencies in the model and future directions are discussed.


Stage-discharge relationship is applied to convert water level into discharge at the auto-measuring station in many irrigation canals. The stage-discharge curve is very important for reliable application for the agricultural water management system. We made results of discharge measurement at 18 stations in the irrigation canal nearby the Idong reservoir from 2010 to 2011. Stage-discharge relationships for each 18 stations were drawn considering of different hydraulic and geometrical characteristics at each stations. R-squared over 0.91 at each stations show high reliability for application of these relationships.


The Accidental Library Marketer opens up by acknowledging the conundrum many librarians find themselves in: "they need to promote their libraries and services in the age of the Internet, but they've never been taught how to do so effectively" (xv). This work by Kathy Dempsey is a fast but sometimes technical read that introduces the basics of marketing and provides examples by which to illustrate concepts at work.


In learning and English, EFL leaners and teachers may concern to universe English but actual one the learn and teach specific one. Since there is no absolute boundary in how to learning and teaching English itself together with the growth of Englishes. This survey study makes out the differences of these British and American English and discusses the attitude of learners in term of how teachers of theirs varied in teaching English. The finding revealed that 86.08% of 627 respondents engage themselves in recognizing their knowledge in "Amertish English" and willingness to learn as the norm of English mastery. Further, 62.04-64.5% % of 323 respondents can easily recognize vocabulary items and spelling correctly compared to the use of grammar. 50.9% of respondents correctly differ the forms and 49.1% do incorrectly. Thus, a half of respondents face the language problem here. This means EFL half of learners here have been familiar with Englishes. 127 respondents met the English teachers with vary accents in teaching. Also, 108 respondents say quiet. This could really mean that as a main media of teaching and spreading English, teachers have been teaching English based on personal tendency. Keywords: Englishes, British and American English, EFL pre-university learners, Attitude.


This study is intended to evaluate the characteristics of smoke spreading and the appropriateness of evacuation time extended by operation of smoke control system during fi re within the underground space of the building structured in compliance with the smoke control system performance criteria from the local fi re safety standard, which has been currently applied to the buildings in Korea. As a preceding review, the heat release of the combustibles was identifi ed and based on outcome thereof; the type and specifi cation of the combustibles existing at the possible fi re location were examined, estimating the heat releases. In a bid to validate the estimated values, modeling a single underground shopping mall was carried out, and the combustibles examined during the preceding review was placed inside the building for a real scale fi re test, the result of which was then reviewed and compared with a numerical analysis result. Using the heat release per unit weight of the combustibles, a numerical analysis both in case of smoke control system in operation and the system not in operation was carried out at several different shopping malls. From the viewpoint of securing the evacuation time, the results were compared in an attempt to assess the appropriateness of the fi re safety criteria.


Hedong triticale is a new strains of wheat bred by crossbreeding and biological engineering technology.This article reviewed breakthroughs and progress of the breeding research of Hedong triticale,its quality characteristics and nutritional value were elaborated and summarized.


Objective To study the value of spiral CT in diagnosis of aortic dissection (AD). Methods The spiral CT examination data of 23 patients with aortic dissection were analyzed retrospectively. Results 8 patients were DeBakeyI type, 15 patients were DeBakeyIII type.Double cavity, intimal flap, intermal tear crevasse, mural thromboses were the main CT findings of AD.5 patients of AD ruptured.Contrast enhanced CT can discraminate the true lumen from false lumen easily.The relationship of AD with renal artery, and the affected branches can be showed very well by spiral CT. Conclusion Spiral CT is a very effective methods for AD diagnosis, and is of great value in guiding clinic treatment.


'The phase of growth of the fishing industry is globally over', says Dr. Daniel Pauly, a fisheries professor at the University of British Columbia (UBC) in Vancouver, Canada, and a specialist in marine eco-systems modelling. While recently participating in a mini-conference on fisheries in Brussels sponsored by the Worlwide Fund for Nature (WWF), Fishing in Europe caught up with Dr. Pauly and asked him about his views on the state of the world's fisheries and marine resources.


: Water yields from a permanent icefield were increased by 28 percent through surface dusting with carbon black. On July 4, 1972, approximately 15 acres (60,700 m2) of a permanent icefield were treated with 150 lbs. per acre (16.8 g/m2) of commercial carbon black. The icefield was located on the eastern slope of the Colorado Front Range at an elevation of 11,500 feet (3500 m). The carbon black was applied by helicopter using a dry applicator slung below a helicopter. The treatment effect was evaluated by control plot observations of melt and streamflow comparison before and after treatment. The ablation plot studies and runoff comparison with an adjacent watershed both indicated a 28 percent increase in ablation and meltwater runoff, respectively, for the months of July and August. The study indicates icefields could be used as cold-storage reservoirs for use in periods of critical water shortages.


Although the existing robust random early detection RRED algorithm can preserve normal TCP throughput under various low-rate distributed denial-of-service LDDoS attacks, it fails to maintain the fairness among TCP flows and counter large-scale LDDoS attacks or address-spoofing LDDoS attacks. In contemporary network, it is much easier to launch UDP-based LDDoS attacks that achieve severer attack effect with much lower effort than to launch TCP-based attacks. Based on this observation, this paper proposes fair robust random early detection FRRED algorithm, a TCP-friendly AQM algorithm to improve the performance in terms of throughput and fairness. The key idea of FRRED algorithm is the 'protocol-based hash partitioning' that segregates the records of UDP and TCP flows maintained in a counting bloom filter which is space-efficient and well-designed. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that FRRED algorithm can effectively preserve TCP throughput and significantly improve fairness among TCP flows to mitigate various LDDoS attacks.


This special issue of AI EDAM is devoted to invited papers concerned with problem solving methods (PSMs). Its goal is to examine whether PSMs have fulfilled their early promise, to determine whether difficulties still remain, and to make predictions about their use in the future development of knowledge-based systems, including those built and delivered over the Web. PSMs are highly relevant for AI EDAM and its readers. Knowledge-based computational support for engineering design, analysis, and manufacturing has provided motivation for the study of PSMs, and the area can clearly still benefit from them. For example, "heuristic classification" is at the heart of many selection problems, such as selecting an appropriate feature to include in a design, picking the right material, using the right analysis tool, or deciding on the processing of a material. In addition, intelligent parametric design, and configuration, are both within the scope of the Journal. A PSM describes how to reason using knowledge to achieve a goal. A task, usually specified by its goal and its inputs and outputs, is something to be done, such as determining a type of malfunction from symptoms. There are usually a variety of ways that a task can be done; that is, one or more PSMs might be appropriate. The kinds of tasks being addressed require the use of knowledge to be tackled properly and may need the application of heuristics. Such tasks are often associated with expert reasoners, such as doctors or designers. Examples of tasks are specifying the values of a given set of parameters in response to some requirements (i.e., parametric design) or deciding to which of a given set of known situations a given situation belongs (i.e., classification). Appropriate PSMs, as identified in the literature, might be "propose and revise" and "cover and differentiate." A PSM may be primitive or may decompose the task into subtasks, for which other PSMs may be appropriate. A PSM usually has a simple control structure that determines its pattern of inferences. It also specifies the knowledge needed and what role that plays in the PSM. Each PSM comes with certain stated assumptions about its potential connections with tasks and with knowledge. PSMs are linked to domains using ontologies. One general goal of the work in PSMs is to be able to aid in the building of a knowledge-based system for a selected task by configuring a set of PSMs selected from a library and linking that with the appropriate knowledge. This might be human controlled or done (semi)automatically. Some recent work has focused on doing these processes over the Web. A useful, partial list of PSM references generated by me, including many key papers, can be found on the web at www.cs.wpi.edu/~dcb/courses/CS538/References07.html. All of the contributions for this Special Issue were invited. The invited contributors are B. Chandrasekaran, Bill Clancey, Deiter Fensel, and Mark Musen, along with their coauthors. Together they represent some of the "major players" in the development of PSMs during the period from about 1984 onward. Despite being invited, all submissions were anonymously reviewed and then revised in order to improve their quality. The authors were asked to respond in their papers to some or all of a set of questions and challenges about PSMs provided by the Editor. The main questions were the following:


Greetings! The Western Society of Criminology (WSC) board continues to work diligently. Here is a brief profile on nine of the 18 members. We are from diverse places within the western region, have diverse research interests, and enjoy diverse life experiences. Starting with myself, I work at the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) as a research analyst. I am currently working on two projects focusing on juvenile delinquency. Both projects have been funded by the California legislature and are monitored by the Board of Corrections. The first program, the Repeat Offender Prevention Program (ROPP), is an early intervention program using a model developed by the Orange County Probation Department. Based on prior research indicating that a small proportion of youth commit the majority of crimes in which juveniles are involved, ROPP targets individuals exhibiting the factors previously highlighted in the literature as putting them at-risk for chronic juvenile offending.


DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPREHENSIVE MODELING SYSTEM FOR REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER by Jeffery P. Holland l , A.M. ASCE The U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) has proposed development of a Groundwater Model i ng System (GMS) for simul ating groundwater flow, the transport/fate of subsurface contami nants, and the effi cacy of remed i a 1 act ions. The GMS is proposed to support the needs of the U.S. Army in three main areas: site characterization, contamination assessment, and evaluation of remediation alternatives. To do this, the GMS will include numerical algorithms for simulating the hydrogeologic and biogeochemical processes that must be considered when developing remediation programs for Army and other sites. An essential feature of the GMS will be user interfaces which augment model application and visual presentation of results. The GMS project will include a strong technology transfer element that will instruct engineers and scientists in its capabilities and use. The primary product from the proposed research will be a threedimensional modeling system centered around both single and multiphase flow in concert with single and mUltiple-component groundwater contaminants. The system will be capable of simulating flows in both the saturated and unsaturated zones. Although the system will be keyed to the specific requirements of the Army, the system will also be formulated in a fashion general to support its use by others. Partnering with other Federal agencies will be established as appropriate as a means of extending the range of applicability of the proposed modeling system.


The probability distribution of the i –th and j–th order statistics and of the range R of a sample of size n, taken from a population with probability density function f (x) have been obtained when the sample size n is a random variable N and has: (i) a generalized Poisson distribution; and (ii) a generalized negative bonimial distribution. Specific results are then obtained; (a) when f (x) is uniform over (0,1); and (b) when f(x) is exponential. All the results for N, being a Poisson, binomial and negative binomial rv follow as special cases.


Objective To establish and compare classification and regression tree(CART) and artificial neural network(ANN) and in differentiating benign from malignant solitary pulmonary nudules(SPN) on CT findings,thus investigating the application of data mining techniques in the application of imaging diagnosis.Methods Fifty-eight cases with pulmonary nodules proved by pathology were studied.A CART and ANN were established to distinguish benign from malignant SPN on the basis of 12 clinical parameters and 22 radiological findings that were extracted by chief radiologists according to standard references.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis of radiologists,CART and ANN were analyzed.Results CART and ANN showed a high performance in differentiating benign from malignant pulmonary nodules(Az=0.931 for CART,Az=0.878 for ANN,P0.05).They showed no significant difference between chief radiologists(Az=0.845,P0.05),but the performance of ANN,CART as well as the chief radiologists was higher than that of attending radiologists(Az=0.778,P0.05) and radiology residents(Az=0.658,P0.05).By means of CART,the most important decision-making variable is age,next is spiculation and hemoptysis.Conclusion Data mining techniques using CART and ANN prove a high accuracy in differentiating benign from malignant pulmonary nodules based on clinical variables and CT findings.


Practically on every building site engineers need to make a temporary access road. In many cases, the subsoil is very weak and there is no reason or possibility – also from economical point of view – to increase its density and strength. In order to avoid damage of the temporary access road due to load resulting from passage of heavy equipment it, seems to be appropriate to apply the innovative flexible joint, which could reduce the adverse stress and subsidence in the ground. This will keep continuity of the construction from the logistics point of view and thus avoid costly in many cases shutdowns.


This essay, aiming at single camera, introduces the method to design one quick way of eye tracking algorithm under the non-invasive circumstance. Based on the model of eye tracking combining Iris center and eye corner, this essay used a coarse-to-fine searching method, taking advantage of face detection algorithm consisting of skin color modeling and Adaboost, to find out a way to extract center of the Iris by improving Hough transform method relying on midperpendicular. At the same time, this essay improved the second corner detection algorithm whose foundation is Harris. By carrying out the following experiments, this essay has proved a quicker way of eye gaze locating.


The study empirically examined entrepreneurship orientation, entrepreneurship culture and performance of small and medium-scale enterprises in Calabar Metropolis. The major objective of the paper was to explore how strategic entrepreneurship practices affect the accomplishment of SMEs goals in Cross River State. The study was anchored on Resource-based theory (RBT). The study used survey research design. Survey research design was employed, and a population of one thousand, two hundred and ninety-four (1294) employees were involved. The study utilized Taro Yamane formula to determine the sample size of 400 employees. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling method. The paper used multiple linear regression technique in testing the two hypotheses. The study revealed a positive relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and growth of SMEs. Furthermore, it was found that entrepreneurial culture has a negative effect on profitability of SMEs. Also, it was found that strategic resource management has significant effect on the quality of products of SMEs. The researcher supported various findings with suggestions among other things that the managers should continuously incorporate new decision-making strategies, procedures and behaviour that will put the organization into an advantageous position into entering new or established markets with new or existing goods or services. It was also recommended among others that entrepreneurial culture should be strengthened by managers of SMEs in Cross River State in pursuit of firm's performance as well as yielding to the economic growth of Nigeria.


In modern sea war, air target is becoming more and more dangerous to the warship. The anti-air operation capability of the warship has become the main index in weighting its general operation capability. The performance of the C3I system, which is considered as the nerve centre of the warship, may determine the result of the anti-air operation directly. According to the weapon using principle of the air target and the request of the SEA method, the paper proposes three main MOP of the C3I system in the anti-air operation. Through analyzing the characteristics of the anti-air operation, the paper establishes the SEA model for evaluating the effectiveness of the anti-air operation of C3I system. The paper also applies the model in comparing effectiveness of different C3I systems, and then analyzes the result briefly to prove the probability of applying SEA model in effectiveness analysis of anti-air operation of shipboard C3I system.


The present study aimed to analyze the knowledge and the assistance of nurses in critical patients with risk of sepsis in the ICU. This is a descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, carried out in May 2018, with 7 nurses from a reference hospital in trauma. The data were analyzed and categorized. After the research, the results showed that the knowledge of the nurses interviewed was satisfactory about the concept of sepsis and septic shock, and the nursing actions in front of a patient with sepsis in the ICU. However, it was found deficiency in the criteria that classified sepsis and septic shock, requiring more qualification, as well as the forms of treatment that includes bundles of 3 and 6 hours. It is concluded, for the detection of sepsis makes necessary in the early recognition of the different clinical aspects related to sepsis, subsidizing, a therapeutic plans and adequate strategies in the care of patients.


Adriamycin (ADM) and 4′-epiadriamycin (4′-ADM) were given to mice in a single dose of 15 mg/kg body weight (i.p.). Twenty-five mice were alloted to 3 groups. One group (Group I; n = 8) was given ADM; another group (Group II; n = 9) was similarly treated with 4′-ADM, and a control group (n = 8) received an equivalent volume of 0.9 % NaCl solution. Mice were sacrificed 4 days after the described treatment. A complete autopsy was carried out in each animal. Hydroperoxide-initiated chemihuninescence and malonaldehyde formation were measured in mouse heart homogenates. Control mice showed a maximal photoemission of 52 ± 2 (×10–3) (mean values ± S.E.M.) cpm/mg protein and a formation of 20 ± 4 nmol malonaldehyde/g organ after a 2 hr-incubation. The ADM-treated mice showed a 24 % enhanced hydroperoxide-initiated photoemission and a 370 % increased malonaldehyde formation. The 4′-ADM-treated mice showed a 15 % increased hydroperoxide-stimulated chemiluminescence and an 85 % increased malonaldehyde formation. Vitamin A (5000 IU), vitamin E (85 IU) and vitamins A and E (same doses as before) given as a single dose i.p. 1 day before doxorubicin administration were able to decrease the hydroperoxide-initiated chemihuninescence by 24 %, 26 % and 44 %, respectively. Microscopically, only scarce isolated microvacuolated subendocardial fibers were found in the ADM-treated animals. Our data showing that 4′-ADM lacks a statistically significant effect in increasing heart peroxidation as compared to ADM may explain its lower myocardial toxicity.


Abstract Objective: To evaluate the survival rate and main reasons of failure of tunneled central venous catheters (Groshong). Study design : Retrospective cross-sectional analysis. Place of study: Department of Interventional Radiology, Shifa International Hospital, H-8/4, Islamabad. Duration of study: Two years (January 2010 to December 2011) Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out on 72 patients in whom Groshong catheters were placed and then followed from January 2010 to December 2011. The data was collected from hospital information system (HIS) and patient's medical record, and was analysed for different indicators such as catheter survival and main reasons of its failure. Results: Of 72 patients, half of patients were lost to follow. Among the remaining half, 19 (52.7%) catheters achieved their desired function. Among remaining 17 catheters, 5 were removed due to blockage and 12 due to infection with infection rate of 0.46 per 1000 catheter days. The catheter survival rates according to Kaplan Meier analysis at 1, 3 and 6 month were 82%, 47% and 42% respectively. Conclusion: Groshong catheters can be used as vascular access for longer duration especially in oncology patients. Infection is commonest reason of their premature removal. Key words: Central venous access, tunneled catheters, Groshong catheter.


Breast cancer is a kind of hormone(estrogen) depend solid tumor,its occurrence is correlated with apoptosis blocking of the tumor cells.Fas /Fas L play an important role in apoptosis blocking of breast tumor cells.they have clinical value in diagnosis,therapy and prognosis of breast cancer.Survivin is a newly identified member of the the inhibitor of apoptosis protein(IAP) family,which can regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis.In human maliglnant tumor,high expression of urvivin suggests poor prognosis.This article reviewed the relationship of Fas /FasL and Survivin in human breast cancer.


Abstract Emergency Action Plans (EAP) provide detailed instructions for handling emergency situations including natural disasters, major injuries and illnesses within recreational academic programs. The purpose of this project was to determine if accredited university recreation programs utilize an EAP for recreation courses and secondarily what components of an EAP are included and the process for development and implementation. Twenty-four surveys were returned (25% return rate) from a national sample of 95 accredited recreation education programs. Seventy-five percent of (n=18) programs indicated that they did not require any type of emergency management training for their recreation faculty. None of the programs had all recommended elements of an EAP and 62.5% (n=15) reportedly do not have an EAP in place for the recreation education department/program. Recreation organizations should encourage academic institutions to value emergency management certifications for their faculty and advocate the emphasis and implementation of EAPs in academic recreation programs.


FIELD: electricity. SUBSTANCE: vibrating plate is proposed, in which the outer shape is formed by etching of a plate Z, cut at the specified angles relative to mutually orthogonal axes X, Y and Z, being crystalline axes of the crystal, comprising the following: a base having a groove and a vibrating console stretching from the base; at the same time the groove comprises a recess in a positive direction of the axis X, formed by cutting the base from the side of the negative direction of the axis X to the side of the positive direction of the axis X, besides, the width in direction of the axis Y of the groove in the positive direction of the axis X achieves maximum at the end from the side of the negative direction of the axis X of the groove in the positive direction of the axis X, at the same time the base has such a shape that the width of the groove in the positive direction of the axis X gradually reduces from the end at the side of the negative direction of the axis X to the side of the positive direction of the axis X. EFFECT: increased strength of a plate made by etching. 9 cl, 1 dwg


Article history: Received 28 October 2018 Accepted 06 March 2019 Anemia is one of the most common complications of chronic kidney disease. Treatment of anemia in Egyptian patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and under hemodialysis occurs via erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA). A multicenter, open label randomized, prospective, parallel study was conducted in the current study to evaluate efficacy and safety of darbepoetin alfa versus epoetin alfa in patients under hemodialysis. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in hemoglobin concentration between both treatment groups at evaluation period (weeks 20 24). Adverse events following administration, including pre-specified adverse event of interest, blood transfusion requirement, blood pressure and hemoglobin excursions, relation between the marker of inflammation (HS-CRP) and hemoglobin in hemodialysis patients at baseline were assessed. Only 98 patients completed the study, fifty patients received epoetin alfa and the remaining 48 patients received darbepoetin alfa (DA). The mean hemoglobin levels at evaluation period for darbepoetin alfa and epoetin alfa groups were 11.75 g/dl and 10.98 g/dl, respectively. The mean difference between two treatments was 0.77 g/dl, which was statistically significant at p < 0.0001. Also, the hemoglobin difference was statistically significant between the two groups starting from the eighth week to the end of the study. The most common adverse events reported during the study were hypertension 10 (21.2 %), 8 (15.4 %) and cough 8 (15.4 %), 10 (21.2 %) for darbepoetin alfa and epoetin alfa, respectively. The difference in incidence of adverse event between two groups was not statistically significant. A negative correlation was observed between serum CRP and hemoglobin level in hemodialysis patients. In conclusion Treatment with darbepoetin alfa was more efficient in achieving target hemoglobin level with lower time than epoetin alfa. Furthermore, CRP could be used as a marker for ESA hypo-responsiveness.


We report on iron oxide based nanoparticles synthesized in
single step process by plasma enhanced chemical vapor
deposition (PECVD) using low-pressure microwave discharge from
iron pentacarbonyl Fe(CO)5 precursor. The product was analyzed
by SEM, XRD and AFM and tested for suitability as MRI contrast
agent.


The invention discloses a package structure, a package method and an optical module. The package structure comprises a first substrate and a second substrate, which are oppositely arranged, wherein the first substrate and/or the second substrate are/is provided with a plurality of electronic devices; the package structure also comprises a connecting substrate; the connecting substrate comprises a first surface and a second surface, which are oppositely arranged; a first welding layer and a second welding layer are arranged on the first surface and the second surface respectively; the first welding layer is electrically connected with the second welding layer; the first substrate is electrically connected with the connecting substrate through the first welding layer; and the second substrate is electrically connected with the connecting substrate through the second welding layer. The connecting substrate is electrically connected with independent circuit substrates by double welding layers respectively, so that electrical interconnection of the independent circuit substrates can be effectively achieved.


INTRODUCTION: To date, many factors that influence the risk and course of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) are not studied . Increasing significance in the etiology and development of AAA is assigned to the existence of some genetic polymorphisms, the role of many of them is not studied either . AIM: To analyze the existence of association of the abdominal aortic aneurysm with some gene polymorphisms (GPs) . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gene polymorphisms were analyzed in 20 patients with AAA (study group, SG); 18 men (90%) and 2 women (10%), the mean age 68 .1 ± 7 .3 years), and in 5 patients without AAA (control group, CG; 4 men (80%) and 1 woman (20%), the mean age 64 .2 ± 7 .2 years) . The frequency of concomitant diseases and risk factors for AAA were determined . The following GPs were studied: : Lys198Asn in the EDN1 gene; C-786T in the NOS3 gene; Leu28Pro in the APOE gene; Val174Ala in the SLC01B1 gene; Thr715Pro in the SELP gene; C807T in the ITGA2 gene; Ser447Ter in the


Contingency models of feeding compare the energy per unit time gained from utilizing a resource unit of a particular kind (food types, habitat patches, time periods) against that energy/time expected if the unit is skipped. Optimally, an' animal should reject the particular unit if and only if the former energy/time is less than the latter. Consequently, food or habitat types should be excluded if the prospect of finding and consuming better types is sufficiently high. In contrast', feeding periods should be skipped only if it is less costly to wait than to feed. In situations of high food abundance, contingency models imply that animals should bemaximally specialized with respect to food or habitat type, but maximally generalized with respect to time period. As food decreases in abundance, food and habitat types should be added to the diet or itinerary, but time periods should be omitted from feeding activity. In contrast, animals with fixed caloric intake should broaden diet, habitat, and feeding times as abundance decreases. According to contingency models, competitors cannot cause item kinds to be dropped from the diet, but because they" can affect the values of patches once found, can cause habitat kinds to be dropped from the itinerary. Competitors also reduce the'value of feeding during'particular time periods, but ordinarily fairly severe depletion must occur before it is optimal'to feed no longer in -a period frequented by competitors. These arguments imply that temporal resource partitioning on a diel basis should be relatively rare. In fact, specialization according to feeding period should differentially occur in animals of limited abilities to use or process available food,whereas that need not be the case for foodtype or habitat specialization. It should also occur in animals sensitive to and found in variable climates. MacArthur and Pianka's (1) model of optimal feeding hypothesizes that a decrease in food abundance, as might be caused by the invasion of a competitor, should decrease the range of habitat patch types an animal utilizes but should not affect the range of item kinds in its diet. This proposition was later labeled the "compression hypothesis" by MacArthur and Wilson (2) and related to the first stages of resource partitioning. However, Pianka (3) has pointed out that dimensions along which species divide resources can be classified under three general headings: food type, habitat, and time. MacArthur and Pianka's treatment deals with selectivity of resources arranged along the first two types of dimensions but does not consider time. This note (1) rederives the compression hypothesis from a more general, yet still very simple, model of optimal foraging; (2) asks how reduction in food abundance, as might be caused by competitors, affects the range of diel feeding activity times; and (3) discusses the implications of these models for the theory of resource partitioning. Optimal diet Existing models of optimal diet relate selectivity to food abundance in two fundamentally different ways. Firstly, the optimal diet can be governed by contingency feeding,-in which the animal weighs the per-unit-time energy gain from an item of food if caught and eaten against the expected gain if that item is skipped and only better items are searched for and consumed. Secondly, the optimal diet can be governed by restricted feeding, in which extent of an animal's fixed requirements or fixed opportunity to feed determines how selective it should be. Models of contingency feeding have received the most attention in the literature so far (1, 4-6, *). They maximize the ratio of the expected net energy gained per item of available (= encountered) food to the expected time to find, catch and eat an item of available food. This ratio is E pie CT YT= diet E pits + T77 diet [1] where e1 is the net energy (potential minus pursuit and handling-swallowing costs) for a single item of Type i; t, is the time to pursue, handle, and swallow a single item of Type i; pi is the frequency of Type i in the environment (availability), T. is the mean search time per item of available (encountered) food, and C. is the cost per unit search time. T, = K/D, where 1/AK is a rate of search and D is food density (4, 5). Notice that summations are over only those item kinds actually eaten. Models very similar in structure and basic concept to Eq. 1 have been derived by Charnov* and Pulliam (6). YT ia Eq. 1 is written as a ratio of expectations that are taken per item of available food; exactly the same expression resultsif expectations are per item eaten. To see this, let pi' be the abundance of Item Kind i in the diet and T/' be the time between items of food actually consumed. Then substitute pi. = p/(p)i for Pt and T7,,' = K/D( pi) for T, diet diet into Eq. 1. The numerator and denominator are now different, but the 1/Z p, cancel to give the same ratio as before. diet To determine whether Item Type x should be eaten, we need to know whether YT with x is greater than YT without * E. L. Charnov, unpublished manuscript.


The extraordinary scientific development of controlled radical polymerization (CRP) contrasts with the very limited number of commercially available products derived from these technologies. The present comprehensive survey takes up existing public knowledge on industrial features of CRP and gives a critical point of view on its global status, and on each CRP technique in particular. The main techniques, namely RAFT/MADIX, NMP, ATRP, OCRP, OHRP and (R)ITP, are introduced. The focus is put on their current status in industry, based on selected patent literature, conference proceedings, professional press releases and technical data sheets of commercial products. This includes the industrial availability of CRP agents, the types of polymers that have been already commercialized or that are at an advanced stage of development, and the related applications and markets. The strengths and weaknesses are given for the different CRP techniques, and ways of improvements are suggested. As is often the case for strong technological breakthroughs, the CRP processes face a multitude of hurdles (at different degrees depending on the type of CRP), that must be overcome and which greatly increase the time-to-market for polymer products compared to mature technologies. In spite of its slow development, CRP is seen as a revolutionary method to produce precisely controlled, next generation specialty polymer additives and materials.


The bilateral differences in the type, number, form and distribution of the palatal rugae were studied in 410 maxillary dental casts of Japanese adults to investigate whether the regressiveevolution of the rugae proceeds more, in the right or left side of the palate.1.There was no bilateral difference in the mean number of the primary rugae. However, in the mean number of all the rugae including the primary, secondary and fragmentary rugae, the regressiveevolution progressed more in the right side.2.The distinct postero-anterior changes in the direction, shape, origin and papillate rugae of the primary rugae indicated that the rugae degenerated from the posterior part of the hard palate.(1) The right rugae of which the direction distinctly inclined backward, degenerated more thanthe left.(2) The bilateral differences in the shape and origin were observed only on the posterior rugae. The right rugae degenerated more in the shape, but in the origin the left rugae degenerated more.(3) There was no bilateral difference in the papillate rugae, but the regressive evolution was considered to extend to the first rugae because the papillate rugae were observed in the first rugae at the higher frequency of34-40%.From the above view, the clear bilateral differences were found in the morphology of the palatal rugae. The results showed that the regressive evolution of the rugae in both sides does not proceed at the same time, but proceeded more in the right side than in the left.


The Ramsey Panel recommended that two very large accelerators be constructed during the next few years to meet urgent U. S. needs in high energy physics. Two studies have been made. The Lawrence Radiation Laboratory at Berkeley has studied a 200 to 300 BeV accelerator, while the Brooknaven National Laboratory on Long Island has made an analysis of a still larger accelerator--600 to 800 BeV. This special report is in response to a request for information on the suitability of the Atomic Energy Commission' s Hanford Project as a site for a large accelerator. Using criteria recommended by Lawrence and Brookhaven, the Hanford site offers significant economic advantages both in original installed cost and in annual operating expense. These advantages are: (1) Land--Hanford has available more than 150 square miles of govermnentowned land that readily meets topographic, geologic, and seismic criteria; (2) Power--- Hanford has surplus electrical capacity already installed to meet the demands of the largest accelerator--- at the lowest rates in the U. S. This alone offers an annual savings of several million dollars over any other location; (3) Water--- the Columbia River offers the largest supply of pure, cold water in the U. S.; there are excellentmore » surplus reactor water plants available; (4) Transportation---four major railroads have direct connections to the Hanford Project rail system; multi- 1000-ton barge service is also available; (5) manpower---a high level of scientific and technical personnel as well as construction and craft labor is already in residence; (6) Services---complete support-type services, such as industrial shops, bus transportation, radiation protection, and plant security, are immediately available; and (7) Community--the area has an exceptionally high educational level, equal to the outstanding areas of the U. S. At the present time, the Hanford location has some disadvantages according to the cited criteria. These are: (1) lack of proximity to a university; (2) lack of a major jet airport; and (3) relative isolation from a major metropolitan area. The first two are even now under vigorous study and action by both state and local bodies. The third, though often a disadvantage, appears to have considerable appeal to many. In total, the many tangible assets of the Hanford Project offer tremendous potential dollar savings to the Government. The shutdown of preduction reactors makes many millions of dollars worth of excellent support facilities and manpower readily available. The minor disadvantages can be met almost entirely by the state and community. (auth)« less


Purpose – The purpose of this exploratory consumer research study was to examine demographic and behavioral characteristics and motivations of wine travelers on the recently established Iowa Wine Trail in rural Northeast Iowa. An array of data on visitor lifestyles, interests, attitudes and values can provide more powerful and actionable research information than demographics alone. Equipped with an understanding of visitor motivations, wineries and vineyards can provide their customers the experience they want and expect, and not products and services they are assumed to desire. Design/methodology/approach – Data for this study were collected using a questionnaire-based survey administered at three participating wineries over the period of April-November 2005. Findings – The demographic profile of visitors on the Iowa Wine Trail falls within a common stereotype of a wine tourist: middle aged (36-55 years old), highly educated (college or postgraduate), in the moderate to high income bracket (higher than ...


A refrigerator comprising: a cabinet having at least one storage compartment; upper hinge and the lower hinge member, disposed at a cabinet; inner door, coupled to the hinge and the lower hinge member, to selectively open or close the storage compartment ; front outer door, the inner door is provided to selectively open or close the inner space of the inner door; basket installation unit mounted to the inner wall of the inner door; the door cover can be mounted on the basket provided means at the longitudinal axis of rotation and inwardly to open or close; latching means secured to the inner door basket lid mounting unit; and an opening member disposed on one side of the basket installation unit, when the latch means is to the inner door cover is rotated released.


Objective There are no reports on the burden of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in the general population of French Polynesia (FP). We aimed to improve suicide prevention and mental health care by assessing the prevalence of suicide risk and major mental health disorders and care among adults in FP. Methods We conducted the Mental Health in General Population Survey in FP during 2015 to 2017. Participants were selected using the quota method to obtain a representative sample of the general population. Suicide risk and psychiatric diagnoses were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Results We included 968 people aged 18 years or older. The prevalence of current suicidal ideation (13.1%) and current (2.6%) and lifetime suicide attempts (18.6%), as well as mental health disorders (42.8%), was high in FP. A notable proportion of participants with these conditions did not seek medical assistance. Conclusion A high prevalence of suicide risk and mental health disorders was found in the general population of FP. Suicide prevention and mental health plans are needed in FP that include better access to primary care for the diagnosis and treatment of mental health disorders. Further research is needed to clarify cultural risk and protective factors.


In a multi-rate wireless data network, the data rate is a function of the distance from the Access Point (AP). To extend the coverage range of the data network and to increase the throughput to a target terminal outside the AP coverage range, relay nodes are inserted between the AP and the target terminal. Therefore, for a given throughput-distance relationship, and a given distance between the access point and the target receiver, there must be a minimum number of nodes that provides the maximum throughput to the target receiver. In this paper we present an analytical method to determine the optimal performance bounds, the minimum number of relays and the optimal deployment for a multi-hop multi-rate wireless data network, given that a target receiver located at a specific distance from the access point. The analytical solution is presented in the form of two theorems and their proofs. We apply the theorems to a general analytical model for the throughput distance relationship and compare the analytical model results with those of a network simulator.


This paper analyzes the current enrollment situation of clinical medical postgraduates, such as the gap between schools and regions, the structure of students diversification and the uneven quality, discusses the training target of clinical medical postgraduates, probes into the principles of enrollment for clinical medical postgraduates and the reexamination program which includes requalification examination, qualification examination, physical examination, interview, written examination, clinical skills assessment, and puts forward some pertinent suggestions.

Key words:
Clinical medicine; Postgraduates; Enrollment


The dual deterministic-stochastic behavior of chaotic systems (CS) makes them extremely interesting in electronic engineering as CS may replace noise sources in different applications. Consequently it is convenient to have hardware implementations for both, analog and digital versions. Discrete components, Micro Controllers, Digital Signal Processors (DSP) and Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are possible choices.


Light-by-light scattering is a rare phenomenon in which two photons—particles of light—interact, producing another pair of photons. Direct observation of this process at high energy had proven elusive for decades, until it was first seen by the ATLAS Experiment in 2016 and established in 2019. In a new measurement, ATLAS physicists are using light-by-light scattering to search for a hyped phenomenon beyond the Standard Model of particle physics: axion-like particles.