Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method and Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), as the meshfree particles methods,  have been widely applied in modeling free surface flows. However, application of the meshfree methods was still limited due to the problem of compressible stress instability, which usually occurs in presence of repulsive forces when particles are approaching to each other. The fundamental reason of the compressible stress instability is that the repulsive force first increases and then decreases as two particles get close in the compressible state, and the low accuracy of the numerical schemes for pressure gradient. In this paper, a new MPS-based numerical scheme is proposed to fundamentally improve the stability in the compressible state. Firstly, a modified quintic kernel function is adopted to guarantee the repulsive force always increases as two particles get close. Secondly, a symmetric form of the pressure gradient is employed based on the Taylor series expansion, which improves the accuracy of the gradient operator of the standard MPS method.


Stem cells are defined as having capacities for both self-renewal and differentiation. Many different entities satisfy this working definition. I show that this general stem cell concept is relative to a cell lineage, temporal duration, and characters of interest. Experiments specify values for these variables. So claims about stem cells must be understood in terms of experimental methods used to identify them. Furthermore, the stem cell concept imposes evidential constraints on interpretation of experimental results. From these constraints, it follows that claims about stem cell capacities are inherently uncertain. This result has important implications for stem cell research.


A young man presented with progressive motor weakness and atrophy of the ulnar muscles of his left hand over a period of more than 2 years. Electrodiagnostic studies indicated an ulnar nerve lesion, but it was not localized. High‐resolution sonography of the ulnar nerve revealed an enlarged and hypoechogenic ulnar nerve at an unusual location, namely 12.5 cm proximal to the medial epicondyle. Histology showed that this was an intraneural perineurioma. High‐resolution sonography of the ulnar nerve is very useful in the discovery of this unusual location of nerve pathology and may assist in its early detection. Muscle Nerve, 2011


Trenchless pipe replacement, which involves pipe bursting, is a construction method used for replacing existing and deteriorated underground pipelines with a totally new pipe of equal or greater diameter. It is a sustainable and cost-efficient pipeline replacement method compared with the conventional open trench activities which can result in noise, traffic disruptions, environmental impacts etc. In recent years, the use of trenchless pipe replacement has grown significantly in China. This paper provides discussion on several key technical problems in pipe bursting operations including ground displacement, soil conditions, scratches on new pipe and pull force analysis. The results from this work should help pipeline managers and engineers in planning successful pipe bursting and assessing risk. To gain some insight into the pipe bursting, this paper introduces the basic mechanism and installation procedure of this trenchless process.


It provides an apparatus and a method according thereto for notifying the communication allocation made for the communication of data to the communication station. Matrix display is composed of a communication resource allocation for communication of data. Wherein the matrix display is used to configure the assignment bit map representative of the communication resource allocation by the bit map constructor. In addition, the temporary flow set identifier generator is used to form a temporary flow set identifier. The temporary flow set identifier comprises the allocation bitmap as a part thereof.


John J. Gumperz, Ph.D., Berkeley, California, is Professor of Anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley. He is a member of the Committee on Sociolinguistics of the Social Science Research Council, and is currently engaged in research on bilingualism in urban United States. He is the editor (with Dell Hymes ) of The Ethnography of Communication (1964), and has published a number of papers in dialectology, sociolinguistics, and the linguistics of South Asia. '1 ANGUAGE is central to human 1... groups and its problems to all types of social science investigation. Different disciplines, however, have different approaches to language. While linguists deal with the structure of human codes, other social scientists take these structures for granted and are concerned only with the effect of verbal messages. Although the two types of endeavor have generally been kept separate, they have always influenced each other somewhat.'


Pompe disease is a lysosomal storage disease resulting from absence or deficiency of acid α-glucosidase (GAA). Tongue related disorders including dysarthria, dysphagia, and obstructive sleep apnea are common in Pompe disease. Our purpose was to determine if designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) could be used to stimulate tongue motor output in a mouse model of Pompe disease. An adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) encoding an excitatory DREADD (AAV9-hSyn-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry, 2.44 x 1010 vg) was administered to the posterior tongue of 5-7 week old Gaa null (Gaa-/-) mice. Lingual EMG responses to intraperitoneal injection of saline or a DREADD ligand (JHU37160-dihydrochloride, J60) were assessed 12 weeks later during spontaneous breathing. Saline injection produced no consistent changes in lingual EMG. Following the DREADD ligand, there were statistically significant (P<0.05) increases in both tonic and phasic inspiratory EMG activity recorded from the posterior tongue. Brainstem histology confirmed mCherry expression in hypoglossal (XII) motoneurons in all mice, thus verifying retrograde movement of the AAV9 vector. Morphologically, Gaa-/- XII motoneurons showed histologic characteristics that are typical of Pompe disease, including an enlarged soma and vacuolization. We conclude that lingual delivery of AAV9 can be used to drive functional expression of DREADD in XII motoneurons in a mouse model of Pompe disease.


In large-scale purification of proteins such as antibodies, it is economical, and a method for purifying a high purity is required. The present invention provides a method for purifying a protein comprising one or more chromatographic steps, buffer used in at least one chromatographic step in (equilibration buffer, washing buffer and elution buffer), amino acids or their, dipeptides, oligopeptides, by containing polyamino acid, impurities (e.g., the amount of the polymer amount and host cell proteins) on how to purify a protein with very few high purity.


We present a detailed overview of the construction of the Ainf-cohomology theory from the preprint "Integral p-adic Hodge theory", joint with B. Bhatt and P. Scholze. We focus particularly on the p-adic analogue of the Cartier isomorphism via relative de Rham–Witt complexes.


In 1959 C. A. Rogers gave the following estimate for the density ϑ(k) of lattice-coverings of euclidean d -space E d with convex bodies . Here, c is a suitable constant which does not depend on d and K . Moreover, Rogers proved that for the unit ball B d the upper bound can be replaced by , which is, of course a major improvement. In the present paper we show that such an improvement can be obtained for a larger class of convex bodies. In particular, we prove the following theorem. Let K be a convex body in E d , and let k be an integer satisfying k > log 2 log e d + 4 . If there exist at least k hyperplanes H 1 ,…, H k with normals mutually perpendicular and an affine transformation A such that A(K) is symmetrical with respect to H l ,…,H k , respectively, then . Actually, for a bound of this type we do not even need any symmetry assumption. In fact, some weaker properties concerning shadow boundaries will suffice.


The new forms of crime linked to the use of new technologies soon revealed the inadequacy of regulatory frameworks that had been conceived for traditional or old forms of criminality. Most procedural codes have started introducing the necessary legal amendments to take into account the new technologies and to regulate their use in order to effectively prosecute the new forms of crime, in particular cybercrime. Inexplicably, however, the Spanish Criminal Procedure Code (Ley de Enjuiciamiento Criminal, henceforth LECRIM) stayed away from those much needed reforms for many years. Until 2015, the Spanish system relied on the work carried out by the courts in defining the scope, legal requirements, and formal guarantees for computer searches, the interception of electronic communications, and other intrusive measures such as the use of location and tracking devices or the use of IMSI catchers. Spanish courts – in particular the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court – made a huge effort to interpret the sparse rules on telephone tapping in order to also make them applicable to electronic interceptions and searches. For years, legal scholars, as well as all actors in the criminal justice system, have repeatedly voiced their concern over the legislator's delay in tackling the urgent update that the LECRIM needed in order to cope with the information flows generated by electronic and digital communication systems and to provide public authorities with powerful tools in criminal investigations. In 2014, the Constitutional Court urged the Spanish legislator to duly regulate the use of new technologies in criminal investigations, apropos of a case relating to the recording of conversations through a hidden device installed in the inmates' prison cells, which the Court considered unconstitutional because of the lack of a sufficient legal provision for this kind of measure.


Efficacy and safety of apixaban compared with warfarin in relation to renal function over time in patients with atrial fibrillation : Insights from the ARISTOTLE trial


Extensive study of the microscopic structure of chloroplasts has been carried out by many workers. While this has given us considerable information about the probable nature of the condition of the chlorophyll pigments in the chloroplast there is still much to be explained. The present experiments were undertaken for the purpose of investigating the physical and chemical state of the chlorophylls in the leaf. Trifolium repens leaves were ground with sand, extracted with buffer solution, filtered, and centrifuged so that only the colloidal material was retained as the triturate. Using this triturate it is easy to recognize when the chlorophylls are losing the magnesium from the molecule : first, by the proportional increase of the intensity of the 534 ??? absorption band (ether as solvent) as compared with the other bands ; and later, by the shift of the 662 ??? band toward the red end and appearance of a typical pheophytin spectrum. Figure l2 shows the effect of adding 0.15 gm. of a crude trypsin (Eimer


Introduction The theme of my presidential address struck me as I was writing Jonathan Mann's obituary, in which I said that "so often when people retire or die their contribution to public life is soon forgotten." Even though I suggested that he was an exception to this generality, the basic point of the forgetting or lack of knowledge of history or individuals who have made significant contributions is brought home to me by the fact that the younger members of the Medical Society for the Study of Venereal Diseases (MSSVD) often have no sense of the history of the specialty of genitourinary medicine and, in particular, the colossal and rapid changes that have occurred over the past two decades. This lecture is devoted to these developments and concentrates on the tremendous changes which have occurred, particularly in the past 20 years, in relation to the disease profile, workload, and staYng within clinics, and growth in teaching, research, and, most recently, our programme of governance through national guidelines.


Chemical information processing found in living systems has inspired the design of various organic computing systems. However, finding the right reaction rules appears difficult, because the desired behavior emerges from a large number of microscopic molecular interactions. Here, we follow an approach that applies chemical organization theory to bridge the gap between the microscopic reaction rules and the potential macroscopic behavior implied by them. We analyze two chemical flip-flops originating from two fundamentally different chemical programming methods: manual design and artificial evolution. Although both networks implement the same function, they hardly show no structural similarity and it is quite difficult to understand their function by looking at the network. We show that by applying chemical organization theory to the networks, we can explain their operation and reveal their common behavioral structure.


Since the beginning of 2010 the LHC provides p+p collisions at the highest center of mass energies to date, allowing to study high $\pT$ particle production and jet properties in a new energy regime. For a clear interpretation and the quantification of the medium influence in heavy-ion collisions on high $\pT$ observables a detailed understanding of these elementary reactions is essential. We present first results on the observation of jet-like properties with the ALICE experiment and discuss the performance of jet reconstruction in the first year of data taking.


This study explores the role of competing discourses that shape current practices in U.S. schools and how professional development efforts can support teachers and researchers in finding ways to reinsert more democratic processes into their collaborative work. We examine the case of one research and professional development project with the goal of supporting middle school science and ESOL teachers in fostering more meaningful science learning for all their students but especially their English language learners. Using Gee's notion of bigD discourses and Fairclough's notion of interdiscursivity, we trace how the Discourse of accountability, the Discourse of science teaching, and the Discourse of education research, each constructed by different stakeholders for different purposes, may become interdiscursive and hybridized through interaction over time. Excerpts from interviews and conversations with participants during the various components of our project highlight both the challenges and the possibilities of teachers retaining or regaining agency in their classrooms within and against the structures of the accountability Discourse. At the same time, we explore how our researcher Discourse also became hybridized in order to better work with a system where an undemocratic accountability Discourse continues to be dominant. Submit a response to this article Submit online at democracyeducationjournal.org/home Read responses to this article online http://democracyeducationjournal.org/home/vol21/iss2/2 Critics of modern, assessmentdriven schooling policies have argued that in order to revitalize educational democracy, we need a greater focus on process, rather than outcome, in all aspects of education, including teacher professionallearning settings as well as student learning contexts (Lobman, 2011; Newman, 2000). An education system grounded in democracy as process requires collective, creative, emergent, and participatory teacher learning practices where development of democratic decision making, not democratic results, is the goal. Indeed, Newman (2000) has argued that any efforts to rejuvenate democracy that do not simultaneously and continuously reinitiate democracyasprocess for all stakeholders (students, teachers, administrators, parents, and community members) are doomed to reinforce and further institutionalize the outcome framework that presently holds sway in educational reform (Lobman, 2011). Research and teacher professionaldevelopment projects that strive to support democracy in education can readily fall prey to these same outcomebased assumptions about success or failure. Too often, we presuppose a successful outcome as one in which teachers accept new practices wholeheartedly and then "correctly" apply them to their instruction on a regular basis— what researchers may refer to as fidelity of implementation. Instead of taking up this outcomeoriented model, our research framework focuses on democracyinprocess by attempting to develop Cory Buxton is a professor in the Middle Grades Education Program at the University of Georgia. Shakhnoza Kayumova is a doctoral student in elementary education at the University of Georgia. Martha AllexsahtSnider is an associate professor in the Early Childhood Education Program at the University of Georgia. Acknowledgement: This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DRL1019236.


In our main paper we build 3DMMs using Gaussian processes that include symmetry and color-channel correlation heuristics. To assess the effects of these heuristics individually, we can also build 3DMMs that include only one of these heuristics. Specifically, we experimented with constructing 3DMMs whose albedo models have correlated color channels but which lack symmetry. This enables us to compare the relative importance in an analysis-by-synthesis setting of the symmetry and color-correlation heuristics of our symmetric 3DMMs. Our main paper defined albedo kernels Kcor a,xyz and K a,rgb. These kernels possess a color-channel correlation heuristic but lack an explicit symmetry heuristic (K a,rgb is symmetric, but this is only because we assume that the reference face is symmetric). We may average these kernels to produce an albedo kernel Kcor a = 0.5(K sym a,rgb +K cor a,xyz) which combines physical-space and RGB-space distance information. Samples from Kcor a,xyz and K cor a are shown in Figure 1. By combining these albedo kernels with our shape kernel Ka, we can construct 3DMMs which possess a color-channel correlation heuristic but which lack an explicit symmetry heuristic. We list these 3DMMs in Table 1.


We study theoretically the efficiency of an asymmetric superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)which is constructed as a loopwith three capacitively and resistively shunted Josephson junctions. Two junctions are placed in series in one arm and the remaining one is located in the other arm. The SQUID is threaded by an externalmagnetic flux and driven by an external current of both constant (dc) and time periodic (ac) components. This system acts as a nonequilibrium ratchet for the dc voltage across the SQUIDwith the external current as a source of energy.We analyze the power delivered by the external current andfind that it strongly depends on thermal noise and the external magneticflux.We explore a space of the systemparameters to reveal a set forwhich the SQUID efficiency is globallymaximal.We detect the intriguing feature of the thermal noise enhanced efficiency and showhow the efficiency of the device can be tuned by tailoring the externalmagnetic flux.


This research, based on the corpus of sixteen legal sentences brought in by the Supreme Court Social Council in 2006, examines the capacity of the qualitative adjectives to form a part of the binary system (and thus function as polarity correlation terms), as well as their position inside a nominal syntagma, where they can serve as restrictive or non-restrictive modifi ers. The research also focuses on the syntactic group which qualitative adjectives make up together with certain modifiers (adverbs of grade and adverbs ending in –mente) and the adjectival syntagma performing the function of a predicative object.


ABSTRACT. Many questions arise from the introduction of dental implants into the stomatognathic system, for example: How can patients "feel" through these anchorage structures? Why does the patient feel that his mastication is improved with respect to the classic complete dentures? Why there are not remarkable alterations in the function of the stomatognathic system despite the loss of two essential components of this system? What rearrangements of the nervous system take place after the placement of dental implants that control the motor regulation of the stomatognathic system? Probably, the answer to these questions may come from the study of a new sensory modality known as osseoperception, which involves a rearrangement of sensory and motor areas of the brain cortex (neuroplasticity).


The oxaloacetate decarboxylase Na+ pumps OAD‐1 and OAD‐2 of Vibrio cholerae are composed of a peripheral α‐subunit associated with two integral membrane‐bound subunits (β and γ). The α‐subunit contains the carboxyltransferase domain in its N‐terminal portion and the biotin‐binding domain in its C‐terminal portion. The γ‐subunit plays a profound role in the assembly of the complex. It interacts with the β‐subunit through its N‐terminal membrane‐spanning region and with the α‐subunit through its hydrophilic C‐terminal domain. The biochemical and structural requirements for the latter interaction were analysed with OAD‐2 expression clones for subunit α‐2 and the C‐terminal domain of γ‐2, termed γ′‐2. If the two proteins were synthesized together in Escherichia coli they formed a complex that was stable at neutral pH and dissociated at pH<5.0. An internal stretch of 40 amino acids of α‐2 was identified by deletion mutagenesis to be essential for the binding with γ′‐2. This portion of the α‐subunit is connected via flexible linker peptides to the carboxyltransferase domain at its N terminus and to the biotin‐binding domain at its C terminus. Results of site‐directed mutagenesis indicated that a conserved tyrosine (491) and threonine 494 of this peptide contributed significantly to the stability of the complex with γ′‐2. This peptide therefore represents a newly identified, separate domain of the α‐subunit and has been called the 'association domain'.


The effects of several bio-fungicides on the control of cucumber downy mildew were studied. The results show that control effects of wettable powder which was made of Bacillus subtilis Y1336 were 71.78% and 82.75% with the concentration of 1.25 × 106 cfu/mL and 3.3 × 106 cfu/mL, respectively. and that of 0.3% matrine AS( an abstract from Sophora flavescens) were 66.83% and 77.04% with the concentration of 22.5 g a.i./ha and 50.0 g a.i./ha, respectively. These bio-fungicides were no harm to biology.


ANXIETY DISORDERS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS, SECOND EDITION, edited by Tracy L. Morris and John S. March. New York: Guilford Press, 2004. xvi + 395 pp. $45.00. , by Tracy L. Morris and John S. March I received this book soon after completing a Book Review of Ollendick and March's (2004) Phobic and Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Clinician's Guide to Effective Psychosocial and Pharmacological Interventions. At first, I thought that it would be superfluous to review this text since it is a shorter version of the well-received Ollendick and March volume with almost 200 additional pages of text. Additionally, there is significant overlap with many contributors having chapters in each book. March is a co-editor of both texts and Ollendick is a chapter contributor in this book. At first glance, the book seemed to be a shorter rehash of the Ollendick and March text and, therefore, not suitable for review here. As I started to read this book soon found that my initial impression was incorrect. There is sufficient difference between the two books to make this text worthwhile in its own right. Since both books cover similar topics there is some redundancy, however, the decidedly increased biological and genetic focus of this book make it a valid companion to the Ollendick and March iteration. Co-Edited by Morris and March, Morris is Associate Professor of Psychology at West Virginia University, Associate Chair of the Department of Clinical Psychology and Coordinator of the Child Clinical Psychology doctoral program at WVU. Her primary research focus is the developmental psychopathology of anxiety disorders. March, Professor


OBJECTIVES
Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the most common causes of acute and chronic hepatitis worldwide. Furthermore, since most people with hepatitis B virus are asymptomatic, timely diagnosis is important for prevention. This study has evaluated the prevalence of Hepatitis B seromarkers in marriage candidates.

DESIGN
In this Cross-sectional study, 370 marriage volunteers selected by the simple sampling method were investigated in 2011 - 2012.

RESULTS
A total of 185 men and 185 women were investigated. Mean Age of participants was 24.7 years. The prevalence rates of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) and anti-hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) were 1.1%, 47.6% and 8.9% respectively. Frequency of HBsAg was 0.5% and 1.6% in men and women respectively. The prevalence of anti-HBs was 43.8% in men and 51.45% in women. Anti-HBs was more common in young people and those with higher levels of education and positive history of vaccination. The prevalence of anti-HBc was 8.1% and 9.7% in men and women respectively.

CONCLUSION
Although Kerman is a low endemic area, due to the high risk of transmission to the spouse and offspring, screening for HBV study before marriage is recommended.


We report on the development of a modular magneto-optical diffractometer designed to measure the optical and magneto-optical properties of nanostructured magnetoplasmonic crystals. The system uses ...


George Steiner is a representative of the hermeneutic School of translation theorists. His monograph on language and translation theory After Babel, published in 1975, is a breakthrough milestone in the history of translation. Focusing on the theories of "translation is understanding" and The Hermeneutic Motion put forward by George Steiner in After Babel, this paper explains Steiner's main translation thoughts, discusses the detailed essence of The Hermeneutic Motion, and makes a critical analysis on this basis.


D-allulose, which has 70% of the sweet taste of sucrose but nearly no calories, has been reported to inhibit the absorption of lipids and suppress body weight gain in obese mice. Fats in non-dairy creamer consist of highly saturated fatty acids, which can cause various lipid disorders when consumed over a long period. We investigated whether D-allulose supplementation alleviates the effects of a non-dairy creamer-enriched high-fat diet on lipid metabolism. High-fat diets enriched with non-dairy creamer were administered to C57BL/6J mice with or without D-allulose supplementation for eight weeks by the pair-feeding design. Lipid metabolic markers were compared between the non-dairy creamer control group (NDC) and non-dairy creamer allulose group (NDCA). Body, adipose tissue, and liver weights, and fasting blood glucose levels, were significantly lower in the NDCA group than in the NDC group. Fecal fatty acid and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in the NDCA group than in the NDC group. Supplementing a non-dairy creamer-enriched high-fat diet with D-allulose improved overall lipid metabolism, including the plasma and hepatic lipid profiles, hepatic and adipose tissue morphology, and plasma inflammatory adipokine levels in mice. These results suggest that D-allulose can be used as a functional food component for preventing body fat accumulation from a high-fat diet that includes hydrogenated plant fats.


...............................................................................................2 Acknowledgement....................................................................................3 Introduction...........................................................................................5 Methods................................................................................................9 Sea Level Anomaly Maps.......................................................................9 Eddy Detection.................................................................................11 Pelagic Longline Fishery Catch Data.........................................................14 Sampling..........................................................................................16 Analysis..........................................................................................17 Results and Discussion............................................................................18 Eddy Detection.......................,.........................................................18 Sampling........................................................................................19 Marine Species Distribution.................................................................20 Future Research...............................................................................26 Literature Cited....................................................................................27


Balbin's treatise from 1665 deals with Svata Hora ('Holy Mountain'), the place of pilgrimage near Přibram, where the local Jesuits fostered and spread the Marian cult. Since both Balbin and Steyer highlight Virgin Mary as a protector and miraculous healer of children, our analysis is focused on first names of the miraculously cured children. The paper examines the origin and frequency of these names; the influence of a child's social class and tradition on the choice of the name; the influence of the then promoted names of Baroque saints (e.g. Frantisek, Marie, etc.); the practice of giving children one or two Christian names. As a result of Christian influence, the most frequent names at the time were biblical names and the names of saints (Jan, Vaclav, Anna, Kateřina, Lidmila). These include the names of Czech patron saints. The "Baroque" names, advocated by the Catholic church, were, however, slow to penetrate into the repertory of first names. It was not until the early 18th century that they began to achieve widespread popularity.


Aims: Drug interaction occurs when a drug affects the action of another. In this line, the present study has been conducted to determine the prevalence of potential drug interactions in critical care units. Methods: In the present retrospective study, the first twenty-four hour prescriptions of 371 patients admitted to intensive care unit of Shahid Bahonar hospital of Kerman were investigated in terms of the number and type of drug interaction in addition to other factors such as number of drugs, age, gender, length of ICU stay and number of prescribing doctors. In order to determine the number and type of drug interactions, a reference textbook of "Drug Interaction Facts" was used, and data analysis was performed by SPSS 18 statistical software with respect to the study objectives using descriptive statistics, Pierson correlation test, independent t-test, and variance analysis. Results: In terms of the drugs received, 77 different drugs and, in total, 2091 cases of drug prescription were found with the average of 5.6 (±1.5) for each patient. Overall, 726 cases of drug interactions were observed among critical care unit patients in the first 24 hour of prescription. Delayed, moderate, and possible interactions were accounted for the most interactions found. The results are indicative of a significant correlation between the number of drug interactions and prescribed medications, age, gender, duration of hospitalizations and number of prescribing doctors. Conclusion: Due to possessing more risk factors of drug interactions, critical care unit patients are at higher risk of developing drug interaction which behooves the medical team to pay more attention to this issue.


Psychotherapy has historically been viewed as value neutral; however, over the last half-century, developments have led many scholars to conclude that we can no longer dismiss the role of values in therapy. Our position is that therapists and clients will inevitably encounter value conflicts during the course of psychotherapy. This article postulates how such conflicts can be addressed so as to preserve and promote the integrity and well-being of both client and clinician. We review challenges to value neutrality and summarize ethical considerations. We discuss strategies to manage values in psychotherapy and conclude by recommending areas for consideration in professional training.


This study examines the importance of four psychosocial factors—personality, cognitive appraisal of quality of life, social support, and current reserve-building—in predicting treatment burden in chronically ill patients. Chronically ill patients (n = 446) completed web-based measures. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate psychosocial factors predicting treatment burden. Reserve-building activities indirectly reduced treatment burden by: (1) reducing health worries appraisals, (2) reducing financial difficulties, (3) increasing calm and peaceful appraisals, and (4) increasing perceived social support. These findings point to key behaviors that chronically ill people can use to attenuate their treatment burden.


A novel platform, the cellular neural network universal machine (CNN-UM) model is proposed to simulate the spatial prisoner's dilemma (SPD) game introduced in [Nowak & May, 1992]. The application of CNN is motivated by both its high conformity with the modeled natural phenomena (analog dynamics) and its superior speed enabling the exploration of the SPD's vast parameter space. Several models are shown as examples of CNN implementation. In particular, a synchronously updated model is introduced using strategy based on best individual strategy (BIS). A new synchronous model is shown based on better average strategy (BAS). Stemming from the CNN implementation of synchronous SPD an asynchronous model has been developed employing BIS, and the survival of clusters of cooperating individuals is demonstrated. This seems to contradict the view elaborated in [Huberman & Glance 1993] claiming that the viability of cooperation is an artifact of synchronous updating in SPD.


This article discusses the condition for child's play when kindergartens are given a defined role in achild's educational career with clear expectation towards learning-outcomes. When a unified approachto learning presupposes that both formal and non-formal activities should be linked to learning-objectives, the child's play could be a subject for evaluation and adult intervention to realize its learning potential at the expense of the natural flow in play. The school's balancing between the ideal of Bildungand management by objectives may influence the kindergarten sector as well. What play in the perspective of learning-outcome is depending on, is what play in the perspective of Bildung strives to avoid.The article argues that the autonomy of child's play should be protected from learning-objectives ifkindergartens shall be able to contribute to the process of Bildung.


Objective To verify whether morphological identification of intercepted fruit fly specimens can be corroborated by molecular identification through DNA barcodes. Introduction Several fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are pests of subtropical and tropical horticultural crops and pose a major threat to production and international trade of crops. For NPPO's there is a need for a fast, accurate, and unambiguous identification tool. Traditional morphological identification has limitations: it is only applicable to adults), is time consuming, and requires a local expert. Molecular diagnostics through DNA barcoding could provide a valid alternative.


The environment quality around those rivers and canals will affect the health of the coastal ecosystem and biota living in it. Empirically, there is an ecological connection between ecosystem in coastal areas and between coastal areas to the mainland and the high seas. Therefore, marine spatial planning should consider any change on landscape upstream. The aim of this study was to define new locations which have high conservation value based on connectivity between terrestrial and marine. The method used in this study was spatial analysis using systematic conservation planning approach with Marxan as the decision support tool. Marxan works based on scenarios developed by spatial planner. This study was using two primary scenarios: first, consider the existing protected areas; second did not consider the existing protected areas (PAs) to identify the gaps between new priority locations and the existing PAs. The data used in this study were basic spatial data, ecological data, and biodiversity data from various sources. The study area were all islands of Indonesia, devided into seven clusters. Based on those two scenarios, the result of the study shows that there are 108 locations in Indonesia which identified as areas which have high conservation value and also hold potential land-sea connection at once, inside and outside existing protected areas. Based on this study, if in the future the stakeholder have plans to do intervention in those areas primary in conservation field, those identified locations could be considered as new areas.


The global dependence on fossil fuels in the generation of electric power contributes to the increase of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and consequently to the increase in the impact of climate change. As a result, the implementation of measures aimed at transition toward global energy that does not depend on fossil fuels and is capable of meeting the energy needs demanded by the current economic and demographic growth is of the utmost impor¬tance. In this sense, the regulatory perspective in the Mexican electricity sector focuses on economic instruments, since global energy policies on renew¬able sources are evaluated in the context of different market structures, hence the importance of analyz¬ing their implementation, especially of the new markets based on the trade in environmental cer¬tificates, called Clean Energy Certificates (CELs) under the Mexican Legal framework, which are the focus of study in this article, through the analysis of their implementation for the promotion of renew¬able energies.


This study is a critical review about the life cycle assessment (LCA) study of solar water heating system (SWHS) in order to provide a complete overview of the study progress. Almost all studies ha...


A review of optical fibre devices employing nano-structured coatings is presented. Active and passive coatings, deposited using the Langmuir?Blodgett and electro-static self-assembly techniques, have been utilised to influence the transmission spectrum of optical fibres, with the aim of developing sensor elements and in-line components for telecommunications systems. Coupled waveguide, fibre grating and miniature Fabry?Perot cavities are described.


Bicuspid AV disease has been excluded from the seminal trials evaluating transcatheter heart valve (THV) placement in severe aortic stenosis. Although registry data has shown good results overall, case selection likely involves more challenging anatomical subsets being treated either surgically or medically in this very heterogenous condition. Conventional annular placement, as well as high annular placement in tapered anatomies remain the commonest deployment techniques. We reasoned that marked supra-annular placement with the mid-portion of the SAPIEN 3 Ultra (S3U) valve sealing skirt placed at the narrowest opening point at commissural level could be an alternative strategy allowing treatment of additional patient groups. This proposed technique takes advantage of elliptical expansion at commissural level with more circular expansion above and below this point to prevent embolisation, as well as sealing skirt positioning at the narrowest opening point to prevent paravalvular leak.

 We examined the feasibility of marked supra-annular placement of the balloon-expandable S3U prosthesis with the mid-point of the sealing skirt placed at commissural level in patients with severe bicuspid aortic valve stenosis and relative contra-indications to annular placement.

 We assessed patients with severe bicuspid aortic stenosis undergoing TAVI at our centre over a 9-month period and identified those with relative contra-indications to conventional annular placement. These included: (i) excessive annular size (ii) severe leaflet and raphe calcification with risk of rupture into the right ventricle (iii) excessive leaflet length with potential leaflet overhang. CT imaging was used to define the narrowest opening location at commissural level, typically 10–15mm supra-annular. The diameter at this level was used to select THV size. Calculations were made to approximate the mid skirt level to this supra-annular position. In most cases this involved supra-annular positioning with the lower THV border 5–8mm supra-annular. This was achieved in most cases by aligning the unexpanded border with the annulus.

 Out of 9 patients with biscupid AV, 4 had relative contra-indications for annular placement. In all 4 cases, excellent valvular expansion with only minimal paravaulvar leak was achieved with placement of the S3U prosthesis at 5–7mm above the annulus and with supra-annular sealing at commissural level. Annular dimensions of 35.5mm and 31.5mm were successfully treated with 29mm and 26mm valves due to significant tapering at commissural level in 2 patients. There were no procedural complications, incidences of AV blocks or valve embolisation.

 As a proof of concept, we have demonstrated excellent outcomes with marked supra-annular TAVI placement in patients with severe bicuspid AV stenosis and anatomy unfavourable for conventional annular placement. This is the first description of this completely novel deployment technique.

 Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Manchester Royal Infirmary


In general, optimal design for the mechanism such as Gough-Stewart Platform (GSP) does not take into account practical factors of the mechanism such as its component weight and size, and mechanical interferences among them, etc. Particularly, in designing a robot module for micro-surgical operations which would be mounted at the end of a macro manipulator, its light weight, compactness, as well as good kinematic performance are important design aspects that should be considered. In this paper, design of a compact GSP module incorporating additional practical design factors such as mechanical interferences among mechanism components is discussed. A modified design for micro-surgical operations which requires a small operation region represented as a nominal operation point is suggested and it is shown that its performance exceeds one of the typical GSP design under the given practical component limitations such as actual length of active prismatic joints.


The efficacy and safety of the SEX BARRIER, bi-hormonal contraceptive drug, for cats, which was used during more than two years (from June 2016 to November 2018), was investigated.

Materials and methods. The doses of preparation and schemes of its applications (to interrupt and to prevent the heat) were used according the instruction.

In the course of entire study we carried out a constant observation of the heat manifestations, periodically (once every two months) ― the complete clinical examination of animals, the ultrasound procedure of reproductive organs, the vaginal cytology, the clinical and biochemical analyses of the blood, and also the level of sex steroids was determined.

Results. Stable suppression of all signs of estrous behavior in cats treated with the drug was observed, which correspond with the vaginal smears and basal levels of estradiol and progesterone in animals throughout the entire study period, which clearly confirms the high efficacy of the drug. The absence of pathological changes in the structure of the ovaries and uterus according to the results of clinical examinations, data of ultrasonography of the pelvic organs, the stability of the main blood parameters, while maintaining their compliance with the physiological norm during the entire study time, and fast (during 3 ... 4 weeks after stopping long-term use of the drug) recovery of the estrous cycle serves as convincing evidence of the safety of long-term use of the bi-hormonal drug for the correction of sexual function in cats.


The study of wildlife disease has gained importance in the last two decades as a result of theoretical insights into its possible roles in host evolution, population biology and ecology. However, knowledge of how hosts and parasites interact in natural systems remains limited, and there is a critical need for further research. Therefore, this thesis examines the ecology and interactions between wild populations of hosts, the eastern water skink, Eulamprus quoyii, and a parasite, the haemogregarine protist Hepatozoon hinuliae. I carried out a two-year markrecapture study of eastern water skinks at Blackdown Tableland, Queensland, Australia, and analysed blood slides to measure haemogregarine blood parasite infection. Prevalence (the proportion of the host population infected) increased with host age, did not differ between the sexes, and varied little during the two-year study. Parasite load (the intensity of infection within individuals) was significantly higher in males than in females, and is highly correlated in individuals over time. Eastern water skinks are viviparous, and therefore reproductive output can be accurately measured by housing pregnant females in captivity shortly before they gave birth. High haemogregarine loads reduced female water skink fecundity, by approximately one offspring per litter, compared to females with low parasite loads. Body condition and fat reserves were not responsible for this reduced fecundity. There was no effect of maternal haemogregarine parasite load on offspring size/number trade -offs, or on the performance of offspring measured by growth rates, sprint speed or competitive ability. Using microsatellite markers, I carried out a preliminary investigation of the effect of blood parasites on female mating strategy. Fifty percent of analysed litters showed evidence of multiple sires, but the propensity to multiple mating was unaffected by female haemogregarine parasite load. Because Eulamprus quoyii occupies a large geographical range spanning the Australian tropical and temperate zones, I investigated whether patterns of parasite abundance are affected by climate. Parasite load, but not prevalence, is related to temperature, but is independent of rainfall. In conclusion, I argue that haemogregarine blood parasites affect the life-history of their natural host, the eastern water skink, and that continued study of the Blackdown Tableland population should offer further insights into the evolutionary ecology of a wild host-parasite relationship.


The problem of evil is a subset of philosophical problems. When the problem of evil was originally deliberated in a theistic setting, it challenged the theistic thinker to reconcile the existence of God with the experience of evil. Since around the enlightenment period, the problem of evil transformed into, what some philosophers call, an argument from evil where the proponents of the problem argued that belief in the existence of God was rendered irrational or improbable by evil. Many contemporary thinkers still engage with this problem and regard it as a legitimate objection to theism. This paper explores the perception of the problem as well as argues that upon analysis the approach and underlying assumptions of the problem of evil are themselves problematic.


In many face recognition systems the important part is face detection. The task of detecting face is complex due to its variability present across human faces including color, pose, expression, position and orientation. So using various modeling techniques it is convenient to recognize various facial expressions. In the field of image processing it is very interesting to recognize the human gesture by observing the different movement of eyes, mouth, nose, etc. Classification of face detection and token matching can be carried out any neural network for recognizing the facial expression. This paper reviews various techniques of facial expression recognition systems using MATLAB (neural network) toolbox.


We published in our November 1978 issue Paul Bahnf article, 'The unacceptable face of the West European Upper Palaeolithic' (LII, 183-92). We expected sharp comments, particularly from our French colleagues, but they are notorious fw not reading English journals and came t h e none from that qumter. What did arrive was a comment from Mrs Mary Aiken Littauer, long known to our readers and the archaeological world in general as a great authority m horsy matters. We print her comment and Dr Bahn's reply. He i s now a Research Fellow of the University of Liverpool and writes with the conjidence and conviction which good young research workers should have. Mrs Littauer writes with the wisdom and experience of a lifetime of research. We shall be interested to know what our readers think of this horsy dispute. Mrs Littauer opens. This delay in commenting on Dr Paul Bahn's provocative paper in your November 1978 issue is due to the hope that someone with the proper qualifications would have done so before now. Since this has not happened, I make the following remarks mainly on the basis of (what I hope is) common sense. Dr Bahn gives an entertaining (and perhaps infectious I) account of the lively nineteenthcentury French polhiques on the subject of the ability of Upper Palaeolithic man in Western Europe to domesticate animals, and of the possible evidence of his actually having done so. It is difficult, however, to see Bahn's own presentation of the case as entirely unbiased. He makes certain sweeping statements without qualifying them, and usually fails to mention the fact that there could be alternative interpretations of much of the documentation he submits in support of his thesis. We are told, for instance (p. 183) that the accepted view of Upper Palaeolithic society as one of 'savage hunters eking out a living from a harsh environment' is responsible for our presumed failuie to recognize the probability of its having practised domestication. But is this so ? How many people today think of Upper Palaeolithic man in these terms? Too many books have been written on troubles of construing Latin, which hasn't). Both for 'urbanization' and political development, the contrast with Caesar is instructive.


Raman investigations of C70 films in the 14-370-K range show significant changes across the orientational phase transitions around 270 and 330 K. Seven of the Raman modes of C70 soften smoothly across the transitions, the magnitude of the decrease in frequencies being in the range of 2-5 cm-1. Linewidths of the bands increase in the transition region over and above the anharmonic contributions.


(S)-(+)-2-cholorophenyl glycine methyl seter,an important intermediates of clopidogrel,was synthesized,and the resolution of it got the product of optical rotation activity.Using L-(+)-tartaric acid resolution,the racemic o-chlorophenyl glycine methyl ester mixed with the methanol and acetone solvent.The cross experimental method was applied in the process of the resolution of 2-chlorophenyl glycine methyl ester.The optimun resolution process condition was got: 30 ℃,5 h,the mixture of acetone and methanol solvent volume ratio 1∶4,and the mole ration of 2-chlorophenyl glycine methy ester to L-(+)-tartaric 1∶1.1.The resolution process provide a yied above 90 % and the optical rotatiou was 88°.The(S)-(+)-2-chlorophenyl glycine methyl ester was synthesized and got 77.9 % overall yield with 2-chlorophenyl glycine acide.This process has good industral prospects.


Relief of the clinical symptoms of dehydration in infants with diarrhea is usually secured by the prompt and energetic administration of parenteral fluids. The assumption is generally made that the disturbed chemical relations in the blood are simultaneously improved. Hartmann, 1 however, has recently presented data from which he concludes that the injection of NaCl solution in severely dehydrated infants may lead to a rising chlorine concentration with a consequent fall in bicarbonate content. He assumes that continuing oliguria must be present to permit the development of this unfavorable result. The explanation offered for the acid-producing power of the neutral salt NaCl is the inability of the body to rid itself of the chlorine-ions by excretion through the kidneys as rapidly as the sodium-ions are lost through the intestine. This theory takes proper cognizance of the seriousness of oliguria 2 but at the same time leads to confusion by assuming that a restoration of urine flow is impossible—an assumption which we believe is untenable. We studied the acid-base status of the bloods of 14 dehydrated infants who were treated with parenteral fluids sufficient in quantity to produce and maintain diuresis. The routine treatment comprised the use of hypodermoclyses of physiological solutions of NaCl (about 20 cc. per pound of body weight) followed by intravenous injections of 10% glucose solution (about 10-12 cc. per pound of body weight) to assist in diluting the plasma and to promote urine flow. This procedure was repeated as indicated by clinical and laboratory findings. Every degree of dehydration was represented but the majority of the cases were of moderate severity. Four of the 14 infants died. Blood samples were collected before and at variable intervals during treatment. The specimens were drawn without stasis, were immediately placed under oil and the sera analyzed for total fixed base and the most important acid radicles, including chloride, bicarbonate, protein and phosphate.


Carte du Ciel (from French, map of the sky) is a part of a 19thcentury extensive international astronomical project whose goal was to mapthe entire visible sky. The results of this vast effort were collected in theform of astrographic plates and their paper representatives that are calledastrographic maps and are widely distributed among many observatories andastronomical institutes over the world. Our goal is to design methods andalgorithms to automatically extract data from digitized Carte du Ciel astrographic maps. This paper examines the image processing and pattern recognition techniques that can be adopted for automatic extraction of astronomical data from stars' triple expositions that can aid variable stars detection in Carte du Ciel maps.


Background: The solution in order to control the risk for malignant transformations of human pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are still unclear. Therefore, to seek the solution in order to control the tumorigenicity of human iPS cells is needed in the clinical applications of human iPS cells. Methods: By using the technology of supercooling under magnetic field (2 kHz), integration-free human iPS cell lines from adult human dermal fibroblasts were supercooled and stored until the use at −80° C at a fixed −1°C/min with ROCK inhibitor with serum replacement medium and 10% DMSO. As for the control groups, the conventional cryopreservation method group (Nature Protocols, 2010) and the conventional cultivation method group (Takahashi K et al, Cell, 2007) were settled. Furthermore, mRNA expression levels of Oct 3/4 and Nanog in the human iPS cell lines after thawing or during the conventional cultivation were investigated by using real-time quantitative PCR (Notes: mRNA expression levels of Oct3/4 and Nanog in the human iPS cell lines of prefreezing were defined as 1.0 [arbitrary units.]). Moreover, the occurrences of mutant p53 as a risk factor for malignant transformations of mouse or human iPS cells (Sarig R et al, J Exp Med, 2010, and Mizuno H et al, PNAS, 2010) were evaluated. In addition, all integration-free human iPS cell lines have been compared at the same timepoint/passage number after generation. Results: The survival rates of the human iPS cell lines for the supercooling under magnetic field group in 1 passage after thawing was higher than the conventional cryopreservation method group (96% in the supercooling under magnetic field group and 80% in the conventional cryopreservation method group: p Discussion and Conclusion: In the current study, we have found that the supercooling under magnetic field can avoid the occurrences of mutant p53 as a risk factor for malignant transformations of human iPS cells by controlling the overexpressions of Oct 3/4 and/or Nanog. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2011 Sep 14-18; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(18 Suppl):Abstract nr B50.


Structures submerged in the sea by humans over millennia provide hard and longstanding evidence of anthropogenic influence in the marine environment. Many of these human-made reefs (HMRs) may provide opportunities for conservation despite having been created for different purposes such as fishing or tourism. In the middle of controversy around the costs and benefits of HMRs, a broad analysis of biodiversity and social values is necessary to assess conservation potential. This requires reframing HMRs as social–ecological systems, moving beyond comparisons with natural coral or rocky reefs to consider their roles as ecosystems in their own right; creating frameworks to track their type, number, size, units, location, characteristics, origins, social uses, and associated biodiversity locally and worldwide; and applying systematic assessment of conservation benefits in relation to stated conservation intentions. This integrative approach can catalyze learning, identify conservation opportunities, and inform positive management of HMRs into the future.


Previous publications have reported on the flexibility of ankle-foot orthoses (AFO) only in the same plane as the applied load. This paper reports on a test apparatus developed to detect the flexibility of an AFO in 5 degrees of freedom when subjected to a plantar/dorsiflexion moment, a medial/lateral moment or a torque. A moment applied to an AFO in one plane induces angulation and translation in all planes.


Sarcoptes scabiei are burrowing mite causes major constraint in rabbit production and highly contagious dermatological condition. The successful therapeutic management of sarcoptic mange in a one year old New Zealand White Rabbit with ivermectin injection (200 micro gm/kg) thrice, at weekly interval along with antihistamines, given daily for seven days. There were no either side effects of the drugs or the recurrence of the mange was observed.


Seismic site response analysis is of paramount importance for many problems in earthquake engineering and has been studied extensively over the last 50 years. More recently, the observed response of deep stiff soil profiles during seismic events has indicated the possibility of significant ground amplification. In this study, a new enhanced hysteretic constitutive model is used for the evaluation of dynamic site response of deep granular soil deposits. The constitutive laws are implemented in a finite element computer code, AMPLE2000. The response of two soil profiles to different earthquake records was calculated using the newly developed model implemented in AMPLE and the computer program, SHAKE, which employs the equivalent linear procedure. The importance of soil nonlinearity with increasing levels of shaking and deposit depth on the acceleration at the ground surface is examined.


Through analyzing the pollution source of livestock and poultry raising,the paper discusses the influence of the pollution and puts forward multipurpose use approach of livestock and poultry dung in Fujian province based on many kinds of pollution control measures.


We develop the theory of Hodge ideals for Q-divisors by means of log resolutions, extending our previous work on reduced hypersurfaces. We prove local (non-)triviality criteria and a global vanishing theorem, as well as other analogues of standard results from the theory of multiplier ideals, and we derive a new local vanishing theorem. The connection with the V-filtration is analyzed in a sequel.


Abstract : The problem of determining the bending natural frequencies and mode shapes of simply supported conical shells is investigated by a Rayleigh-Ritz solution of approximate equations of motion for the shell. Two types of simple support are considered, one for which edge circumferential displacements vanish, the other for which edge circumferential shear forces vanish. The differences between the two results are found to be quite significant when the circumferential wave number is small. Although a general explicit expression for the natural frequen cies of conical shells appears to be unobtainable, several approximations are illustrated and a simple expression for the minimum frequency is obtained. The results are in relatively good agreement with available experimental results. (Author)


Humans have a complicated relationship with alcohol. At different times and places, specific forms of alcohol and alcohol consumption practices have become closely linked to ethnic, class, and gender identities. Religions and governments have proscribed its use. Alcohol has served as a social lubricant replete with its own set of customs and cultural practices, and it has also been deemed a threat to peace, destructive of personal health, and a threat to the social order. Opinions on its use have sparked the passions of both the imbiber and the teetotaller. These new works by Rod Phillips and Ericka Hannickel are both concerned with the cultural meanings societies have engrafted onto alcohol, but each examines the subject through very different lenses. Alcohol: A History, takes a wide-angle approach and presents an expansive, global history of the role of alcohol in all its forms in human societies from the earliest experiments with fermented beverages to its use in the present day. In contrast, Empire of Vines: Wine Culture in America, focuses in on a single form of alcoholic beverage in one nation in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and it is primarily focused on production, not consumption of that beverage. Each approach yields unique insights. While Alcohol: A History is global in its approach, much of the narrative is centered on European and Euro-American societies' use of alcohol. Phillips defends this choice by noting that "Europeans integrated alcohol more extensively, and in greater volumes, into their cultures than people of any other region" (pp. 4–5). Phillips notes that a constant in the history of alcohol is "a polarity of views" on its use. On one hand, alcohol has often been embraced as a valuable "social lubricant"; on the other hand, it has been viewed as a "menace" (pp. 1–2). Because of this ever-present disagreement, it is not sur-


Transparent conducting electrodes, which are not made from indium tin oxide, and which display a strong angular dependence are useful for various technologies. Here, we introduce a tilted silver grating that combines a large conductance with a strong and angle-specific transmittance. When the light incidence angle matches the tilt angle of the grating, transmittance is close to the maximum along a very broadband range. We explain the behavior through simulations that show in detail the plasmonic and interference effects at play.


In order to obtain the complete and real mechanics characteristic curve of rock,the rock mechanics testing system controlled by the microcomputer,electro-hydraulic servo control,was studied,which is based on the traditional mechanics test.The timing,trigger,and A/D conversion of the syetem are completed by multi-functional panel PC812PG,and the CPU control is not needed.The panel PC812PG sampling runs at the same time of CPU,which saves the of time CPU.The computer system has high efficiency,and avails to improve the frequency response of control system.The application and debugging of the rock testing system indicates that the system can be controlled exactly and smoothly,and the results of the experiment is reliable.


Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are a major cause of acute respiratory diseases (ARD), gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis and urinary infections. Between November 2000-April 2007, a total of 468 nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were collected from children with ARD at the Clinics Hospital of Uberlândia. These samples were tested by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and 3% (14/468) tested positive for the presence of HAdV. By performing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect HAdV DNA in samples that tested negative or inconclusive for all viruses identifiable by IFA (respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza viruses 1, 2 and 3, influenza viruses A and B and HAdV), as well as negative for rhinoviruses by reverse transcription-PCR, additional 19 cases were detected, for a total of 33 (7.1%) HAdV-positive samples. Nucleotide sequences of 13 HAdV samples were analyzed, revealing that they belonged to species B, C and E. Further analyses showed that species C (HAdV-2) was the most prevalent among the sequenced samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the presence of HAdV-4 in Brazil. We also detected an isolate that was 100% identical to a part of the feline adenovirus hexon gene sequence.


This paper discusses a comprehensive analytical study of electrical properties of single‐wall conventional carbon nanotube field‐effect transistor (CNTFET) devices of subthreshold swing (SS), transconductance (gm), and extension resistance. The analytical expressions for SS and gm have been derived based on channel modulated potential. In the study, it was observed that SS value of the CNTFET device is equal to 60 mV/decade, which is smaller than the conventional and double gate metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors. The subthreshold swing degrades at larger tube's diameter and gate‐source voltage due to increased source‐drain leakage current. Carbon nanotube field‐effect transistor devices achieve larger gm at large gate‐source voltage, which has a disadvantage of reducing the allowable voltage swing at the drain. The extension resistance of the device falls with diameter of the tube.


Currently available models describing superplastic deformation are mostly based on uniaxial tensile test data and assume isotropic behavior, thus leading to limited predictive capabilities of material deformation and failure. In this work we present a multi-axial microstructure-based constitutive model that describes the anisotropic superplastic deformation within the continuum theory of viscoplasticity with internal variables. The model accounts for microstructural evolution and employs a generalized anisotropic dynamic yield function. The anisotropic yield function can describe the evolution of the initial state of anisotropy through the evolution of unit vectors defining the direction of anisotropy during deformation. The generalized model is then reduced to the plane stress condition to simulate sheet metal stretching in superplastic blow forming using pressurized gas. Different ratios of biaxial stretching were investigated, including the case simulating the uniaxial loading condition, where the model successfully captured the uniaxial experimental data. The model is also used to develop a new forming pressure profile that accounts for anisotropy and microstructural evolution.


This paper describes a method of improving the life span of a wind turbine and optimizing itsstructural integrity by applying networking and telecommunication monitoring and real-time computationfor an enhanced turbine design. The authors try to accomplish the goal of extending the lifespan of a windturbine by applying networking equipment to provide real-time data and to establish decision making withthe help of the computer results of data analysis and simulation.


Clay foam, a recently patented clay-perlite-vermiculite potting mix that dries to a rigid, lightweight structure, has the capability of retaining nutrients, with the exception of NO3−, over a long period of time due to the ion exchange capacity of the clay fraction. Isobutylidene diurea (IBDU, 31-0-0), ureaform (38-0-0) and oxamide (31.8-0-0) were evaluated as slow-release N sources for clay foam, utilizing 'America' spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) as a greenhouse test crop, at rates of 0.112, 0.225 and 0.337 g N/3600 cm3 clay pot. A basic nutrient formulation, including enough soluble N to cover the lag period between application and release of the fertilizers, was added to the clay fraction prior to mixing. IBDU showed the greatest potential for use in clay foam, as indicated by fresh and dry weights, total N in the dry leaf tissue and low NO3− accumulation.


In the last years predict-and-optimize approaches (Elmachtoub and Grigas 2021; Wilder, Dilkina, and Tambe 2019) have received increasing attention. These problems have the settings where the predictions of predictive machine learning (ML) models are fed to downstream optimization problems for decision making. Predict-and-optimize approaches propose to train the ML models, often neural network models, by directly optimizing the quality of decisions made by the optimization solvers. However, one major bottleneck of predictand-optimize approaches is solving the optimization problem for each training instance at every epoch. To address this challenge, Mulamba et al. (2021) propose noise contrastive estimation by caching feasible solutions. In this work, we show the noise contrastive estimation can be considered a case of learning to rank the solution cache. We also develop pairwise and listwise ranking loss functions, which can be differentiated in closed form without the need of solving the optimization problem. By training with respect to these surrogate loss function, we empirically show that we are able to minimize the regret of the predictions.


African forests act as sources of both plant and animal foods that provide significant amounts of nutrients and healthy boosting bioactive compounds. This study investigated the relationship between knowledge, perceptions and socio-demographic attributes towards consumption of forest foods.  A total of 279 females in charge of decision making with respect to food preparation, were randomly selected from 12 villages in southern and eastern Cameroon, and interviewed using researcher administered questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the socio demographic factors and perceptions affecting consumption of forest foods. Baillonella toxisperma (African pearwood) (98%), Irvingia gabonesis (bush mango) (81%) and Trichoscypha abut (Mvout) (70%) were identified as the most nutritious foods. Among the animal forest foods, bush meat (11%) and Imbrasia spp. (edible caterpillars) (10%) were identified as the most nutritious.  Consumption of forest foods was higher among polygamous families and also positively related to length of stay in the forest area, as well as age of female respondents. Education had an inverse relationship with use of forest foods. Perception towards the nutritional value of forest foods were also found to positively influence consumption of forest foods. Since negative perceptions were found to influence consumption, there is need to invest in awareness campaigns to strengthen the current knowledge levels among the study population.


The PS Booster extraction energy will be augmented from 1.4 to 2 GeV to reduce intensity limits due to space charge at the PS proton injection. For this upgrade the transfer line between PS Booster and PS will be modified for 2 GeV operation and pulse to pulse optics modulation for different beam types. Also the PS Booster measurement line will be upgraded to 2 GeV and shall provide improved optics solutions for emittance measurements while reducing the loss levels recorded during operation. This paper describes the foreseen optics solutions for both transfer lines.


Objective
To explore the effect of psychological counseling on postoperative anxiety in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) .

Methods
A total of 58 patients with CABG admitted to Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from April 2016 to July 2017 were selected by convenience sampling method. All the research subjects were divided into observation group and control group with 29 cases in each by random number table method. The patients in the control group were given routine perioperative nursing, while the patients in the observation group were given psychological nursing intervention. The anxiety level of the patients in the two groups before and after operation was evaluated by Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) .

Results
There was no statistical significance difference of HAMA scores of the two groups before operation (P>0.05) . After operation, the difference was statistically significant in HAMA score (P<0.05) .

Conclusions
Psychological intervention in CABG patients can effectively reduce the mortality of the patients and relieve the postoperative anxiety of the patients.

Key words:
Coronary artery disease; Coronary artery bypass grafting, off-pump; Anxiety; Coronary bypass; Psychological nursing; Hamilton Anxiety Scale


Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt shows that domestic workers were aware of the federal discussions on labor relations and Social Security benefits. Sharpless's focus on the working lives of African American women limited her discussion of their non-working lives. More discussion of her subjects' personal lives could have further illuminated the complexity of domestic work. According to Sharpless, African American women's "homes represented an autonomy that living in their employers' households simply did not afford" (90). Characterized as outlets from their daily work, African American women's homes and churches were escapes. Though African American women had complex personal lives, Sharpless's discussion of domestic workers focuses more on their work than their lives outside of work. Even in the chapters devoted to African American women's personal lives, white employers' opinions and actions are present and sometimes dominate Sharpless's narrative. With Cooking in Other Women's Kitchens, Rebecca Sharpless provides a detailed, well-argued analysis of African American domestic work from the end of the Civil War to the Civil Right movement. Immediately following the Civil War, domestic workers were in high demand as southern social mores dictated the need for in-home workers. Eventually, the labor required for cooking lessened and African American women withdrew from domestic work almost altogether. As inaccurate depictions of domestic work like The Help gain popularity, Sharpless's fine work serves as an important reminder of the realities of Jim Crow domestic labor. Relationships between employees and employers were fraught with race and gender restrictions as well as economic exploitation. Yet Sharpless also makes clear that in the face of these difficulties, African American women provided for their families while finding ways to cope with daily mistreatment.


The educational idea of curriculum theory of CHEN He-qin's"Living Education"provide a valuable asset for us who now try to get rid of the puzzles of traditional music education,namely the educator should establish the educational outlook of music to return to the children's life;the music curriculum should emphasize the subject status of children;the contents of music education should reflect the intuitive and emotional experience;the methods of music education should be based mainly on gaming activities;the music education is aimed to train people;families should create a musical environment for children.


ABSTRACT Disputes concerning state interference in the religious practices and traditions of citizens have created uproar in public debate in India and Europe during the past decades. The contributors to this colloquium on Europe, India, and the Limits of Secularism point to the importance of two domains in addressing these disputes: the comparative study of court decisions and the budding domain of comparative political theory. In this response, I discuss several issues that emerge from these domains and argue that the problem of cultural asymmetry continues to create major pitfalls in the debates on secularism and religious freedom.


Introduction: Today, due to the complexities created in the external environment of universities and medical education institutions, the need to change the structure, processes and organizational systems to adjust with external environment is inevitable. Therefore, the purpose of present study was to evaluate the issue of organizational environment management in higher education institutions with the approach of a selforganization complex system in medical education


Glioblastoma (GBM) is a deadly and common primary brain tumor. Poor prognosis is linked to high proliferation and cell heterogeneity. Sex differences may play a role in patient outcome. Previous studies showed that ER‐α36, a variant of the estrogen receptor (ER), mediated non‐genomic estrogen signaling and is highly expressed in many ER‐negative malignant tumors. ER‐α36 also associates with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the cross talk between ER‐α36 and EGFR in estrogen‐mediated GBM cell proliferation. Here, we showed that ER‐α36 was highly expressed and confirmed that ER‐α36 co‐labels with EGFR in human GBM samples using immunohistochemical techniques. We also investigated the mechanisms of estrogen‐induced proliferation in ER‐α‐negative cell lines. We found that GBM cells showed varying responsive to mitogenic estrogen signaling which correlated with ER‐α36 expression, and knockdown of ER‐α36 diminished the response. Exposure to estrogen also caused upregulation of cyclin protein expression in vitro. We also found that low concentration of estrogen promoted SRC‐Y‐416 and inhibited SRC‐Y‐527 phosphorylation, corresponding with activated SRC signaling. Inhibiting SRC or EGFR abolished estrogen‐induced mitogenic signaling, including cyclin expression and MAPK phosphorylation. Cumulatively, our results demonstrate that ER‐α36 promotes non‐genomic estrogen signaling via the EGFR/SRC/MAPK pathway in GBM. This may be important for the treatment of ER‐α‐negative GBMs that retain high level of ER‐α36, since estrogen may be a viable therapeutic target for these patients.


Background: General education curriculums provide students with knowledge and skills that empower them to engage in their communities and prepare them for life after graduation.  Furthermore, colleges and universities can establish campus culture and express their values through their general education curriculum.
Aim: The aim of this article was to inspire faculty and administrators to reflect on the wellness culture present at their institution, specifically within their general education program.
Methods: The authors addressed the need for a campus-wide wellness-related general education course. Arguments against and benefits of such a course were presented, as were suggestions for future research.
Results: Wellness is a pertinent topic woven throughout our lives and the lives of our students.  Attending college offers students newfound independence and autonomy, as well as an opportunity to develop positive lifelong habits. A wellness-related course reinforces the holistic, interdisciplinary approach to general education and teaches the importance of healthy behaviors.
Conclusion: Although concerns surrounding institutional resources exist when considering the creation of a new campus-wide requirement, the potential improvements in academic performance, student retention, and health behaviors outweigh the challenges.


Abstract : In this work the behaviour of oxide covered A1 electrodes in aqueous solutions is treated. Emphasis is laid on the behaviour at low electrode potentials, ie below approximately -1.0V(SCE). Based on the general theories of passivation developed by KJ Vetter, a thermodynamic treatment of the electrode is reported. Results obtained from experiments with pure and alloyed A1 are given. Usually, the potential step technique was used in these experiments, but other techniques, such as capacity measurements, were also applied. These results are discussed in the light of the thermodynamic treatment, especially when the ion transfer and the oxide formation process is considered. The cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction has been treated by assuming that the step involving electron transfer is rate determining. The effects of oxide thickness and alloying elements on the hydrogen evolution reaction are discussed in accordance with this assumption. In this connection, the effect of separate phases formed on the electrode surface by alloying elements is also discussed. (Author)


This paper introduces a discretization-accurate stopping criterion of symmetric iterative methods for solving systems of algebraic equations resulting from the finite element approximation. The stopping criterion consists of the evaluations of the discretization and the algebraic error estimators, that are based on the respective duality error estimator and the difference of two consecutive iterates. Iterations are terminated when the algebraic estimator is of the same magnitude as the discretization estimator. Numerical results for multigrid $V(1,1)$-cycle and symmetric Gauss-Seidel iterative methods are presented for the linear finite element approximation to the Poisson equations. A large reduction in computational cost is observed compared to the standard residual-based stopping criterion.


This paper is based on the work that the authors are doing as project manager and deputy project manager correspondingly of the SPHERE project (DGVII Transport Research Program). At first, a concise picture of the current situation and future prospects for the small and medium sized ports in Europe is given. This is based on a comprehensive survey of 56 ports and 83 port users from 13 European countries, conducted during the course of the project. Then the paper discusses the methodology of re-engineering current port processes and introduced the Value System concept which is suggested as the most suitable for fulfilling the identified requirements of the port system.


In recent international marketing research, a new c onstruct called country personality has emerged that is intended to complement the well-researched country image construct. The present study seeks to extend our understanding of the conceptual nature a nd functioning of country personality and investiga es its value-added in explaining consumer behavior. Sp ecifically, based on social identity theory, a conceptual model is developed and subsequently test ed incorporating country personality, product-count ry image (PCI), and socio-psychological traits of cons umers (notably consumer ethnocentrism, consumer cosmopolitanism and national identity) as predictor s of consumers' behavioral intentions. Results reve al that (1) a country's personality can significantly enhance or diminish a country's PCI, (2) that PCI d irectly impacts on consumers' intentions to purchase produc ts from and visit a particular country, (3) that consumer ethnocentrism, consumer cosmopolitanism an d n tional identity also affect behavioral intentions directly and indirectly through their ef fects on country personality and PCI, and (4) that e relative importance of country versus consumer char acte istics in determining consumer behavior varies depending on the context at hand. Our analyses reve aled that for countries that are popular tourism destinations such as Italy, socio-psychological tra its of consumers are more important than PCI. For countries that are known for the meticulous workman ship of their products such as Germany, on the othe r hand, PCI is the most important predictor, and can even be an important determinant of tourism intenti ons. Implications for theory development and managerial pr ctice are highlighted and directions for future research identified.


Congenital atrichia is a rare disorder featuring the gradual shedding of hair at birth with near total hair loss in succeeding weeks or months. When accompanied by milia-like papules on the face or body, it is called atrichia with papular lesions, caused by germline pathogenic variants in the hairless (HR) gene. Some somatic variants in HR, however, are implicated in various malignancies. Herein, we report a case harbouring a germline homozygous nonsense variant in the HR gene presenting as APL with concomitant liver cancer in a Filipino child.


CONCLUSIONS  Future reservoir stratification will be of longer duration, more stable and result in warmer surface and bottom water temperatures.  The timing of stratification loss is most sensitive to future changes in reservoir inflow.  The onset of thermal stratification is most sensitive to future changes in air temperature.  The hydrothermal model was most sensitive to changes in wind. However, the future scenarios used have suggested only small changes in wind. This deserves further study.  A hydrothermal model coupled with hydrological model under future climate scenario could successfully simulate the variability of thermal stratification characteristics and become an essentially useful tool in determining the effects of climate change in lakes and reservoirs. METHODS (Future time period: 2080-2100) Global Circulation Models: (Emission scenariosA2)  Canadian Center for Climate modeling and analysis (CGCM3)  European Center Hamburg Model (ECHAM)  Goddard Institute of Space Studies (GISS)


Abstract : Contents: The Strategy of Development of High Technology in China; The Leaping Mode and the Strategy of Technology Development; The Multi-Level Strategy of Technology Development; Several Problems Which Require Appropriate Disposal During Carrying Out the Strategy of Multi-Level Technology Development; and Science Prediction is the Basis for Making the Strategy of Technology Development.


The only FTP mode that works without changes through an IPv6-to-IPv4
translator is extended passive, introduced in 1998. However, many
existing FTP servers don't support this mode, making it impossible
to support the File Transfer Protocol through an IPv6-to-IPv4
translator without an Application Layer Gateway. This document
describes the behavior of such an ALG.


This paper reviews the present situation of production processes and study of propylene oxide,and analyses the market development trend of propylene oxide at home and abroad. Some suggestions on developing China propylene oxide Industry are also put forward.


[Objective] To study the current status of occupational health education in foreign-capital enterprises.[Methods] 558 members of staffs in foreign-capital enterprises were investigated by answering the questionnaires.[Results] The staffs maintain that the occupational health education should provide laws and rules on occupational diseases,occupational damaging elements and their negative effects on people.Pictures,videos and TV broadcasting are good ways to carry out this education.[Conclusion[ Occupational health education can improve the preventing work against labor hygienic and occupational diseases.


Dehydroaltenusin, cyclooctasulfur, atrovenetinone, and altenusin were isolated from the culture broths of Penicillium verruculosum IAM-13756, Streptomyces verticillus subsp. tskushiensis ATCC-21633, Penicillium sp. SPC-16375, and Penicillium sp. SPC-16524, respectively, as new myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) inhibitors. These compounds inhibited the calmodulin-dependent activity of MLCK with IC50 values of 0.69, 0.86, 3.7, and 350 microM, respectively. Among them, dehydroaltenusin was the best MLCK inhibitor in terms of potency and selectivity examined in the purified enzyme systems.


The article aims to present and attempts to summarize the activities of the Vetting Office of the Institute of National Remembrance from the beginning of its operations, i.e. from March 15 2007. The subject of lustration, from the dawn of when Poland regained its sovereignty and created a new, post-communist reality, aroused and, it seems that after these 30 years, is still raising a number of controversies and understatements. Those who find this topic interesting can discover publications, articles or polemics on this subject (D. Koczwańska-Kalita, (Nie)chciane dziecko III RP. Instytut Pamięci Narodowej 2000-2010, Kraków 2015, pages 326-345; J. Woleński, Lustracja jako zwierciadło, Kraków 2007; P. Grzelak, Wojna o lustrację, 35 15 lat działalności Biura Lustracyjnego Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej … Warszawa 2005, A. Dudek, Reglamentowana rewolucja. Rozkład dyktatury komunistycznej w Polsce 1988-1990, second edition Warszawa 2004; A. Dudek, Historia polityczna Polski 1989-2015, Kraków 2016). With regard to the security apparatus, it is worth mentioning such source publications as: Aparat bezpieczeństwa w latach 1944-1956. Taktyka, strategia, metody, cz. 1: Lata 1945-1947, oprac. A. Paczkowski, Warszawa 1994; Aparat bezpieczeństwa w latach 1944-1956. Taktyka, strategia, metody, cz. 2: Lata 1948-1949, oprac. A. Paczkowski, Warszawa 1996; Aparat bezpieczeństwa w Polsce w latach 1950-1952. Taktyka, strategia, metody, oprac. A. Dudek, A. Paczkowski, Warszawa 2000; "Bijące serce partii", t. 1: 1945-1947, oprac. A.K. Kunert, R.E. Stolarski, Warszawa 2001; Rok pierwszy. Powstanie i działalność Aparatu Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego na Lubelszczyźnie (lipiec 1944 – czerwiec 1945), wybór i oprac. L. Pietrzak, S. Poleszak, R. Wnuk, M. Zajączkowski, Warszawa 2004. From the studies published after 1989, see: H. Dominiczak, Organy bezpieczeństwa PRL 1944-1990. Rozwój i działalność w świetle dokumentów MSW, Warszawa 1997; eidem, Organy bezpieczeństwa PRL w walce z Kościołem katolickim 1944-1990, Warszawa 2000; Aparat bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Kadra kierownicza, t. 1: 1944-1956, K. Szwagrzyk (red.), Warszawa 2005; "Zwyczajny" resort. Studia o aparacie bezpieczeństwa 1944-1956, K. Krajewski, T. Łabuszewski (red.), Warszawa 2005; Departament X MBP. Wzorce – struktury – działanie, K. Rokicki (red.), Warszawa 2007; Czekiści. Organy bezpieczeństwa w europejskich krajach bloku sowieckiego 1944-1989, K. Persak, Ł. Kamiński (red.), Warszawa 2010. Among the popular science works it is worth paying attention to the book R. Terleckiego Miecz i tarcza komunizmu. Historia aparatu bezpieczeństwa w Polsce 1944-1990, Kraków; 2007 Wokół teczek bezpieki. Zagadnienia metodologiczno-źródłoznawcze, F. Musiał (red.), Kraków 2006. In the journalistic context, there are many occurring questions whether vetting is needed at all and what are its costs. On the other hand, accusations of the agentbased past are often directed at various public persons, politicians or celebrities. This article highlights therefore the essence and the legal nature of lustration as an element regulating public life and transparency of people applying for public offices.


Electric field is an important fundamental concept in electrostatics. In high-school, generally Thai students have already learned about definition of electric field, electric field due to a point charge, and superposition of electric fields due to multiple-point charges. Those are the prerequisite basic knowledge students holding before entrancing universities. In the first-year university level, students will be quickly revised those basic knowledge and will be then introduced to a more complicated topic—electric field due to continuous charged distributions. We initially found that our freshman students, who were from the Faculty of Science and enrolled in the introductory physic course (SCPY 158), often seriously struggled with the basic physics concepts—superposition of electric fields and inverse square law and mathematics being relevant to this topic. These also then resulted on students' understanding of advanced topics within the course such as Gauss's law, electric potential difference, and capacitance. Therefore, it is very important to determine students' understanding of electric field due to continuous charged distributions. The open-ended question about sketching net electric field vectors from a uniformly charged insulating rod was administered to 260 freshman science students as preand post-tests. All of their responses were analyzed and classified into five levels of understandings. To get deep understanding of each level, 30 students were interviewed toward their individual responses. The pre-test result found was that about 90% of students had incorrect understanding. Even after completing the lectures, there were only 26.5% of them could provide correct responses. Up to 50% had confusions and irrelevant ideas. The result implies that teaching methods in Thai high schools may be problematic. In addition for our benefit, these students' alternative conceptions identified could be used as a guideline for developing the instructional method currently used in the course especially for teaching electrostatics. Keywords—Electrostatics Electric field due to continuous charged distributions, inverse square law, superposition principle, levels of student understandings. T. Sujarittham is with the Institute for Innovative Learning, Mahidol University,999 Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand (email: thanidasu@ gmail.com). N. Emarat is with the Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272, Rama 6 Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (email: email@example.com) J. Tanamatayaratwas is with the Department of Industrial Physics and Medical Instrumentation, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, 1518 Pracharat 1 Road,Wongsawang, Bangsue, Bangkok 10800 Thailand (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com).


Blockchain technology has emerged as a disruptive force in the world of digital transactions, with applications across a wide range of industries. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the potential applications of blockchain technology, including finance, healthcare, supply chain management, and voting. The paper discusses the benefits and challenges of using blockchain technology, as well as real-world case studies of its implementation. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research, exploring new applications and addressing the challenges associated with the use of blockchain technology.


The high-concentration wastewater about 12 000 mg/L of COD and 1 200 mg/L of NH 3-N will be reduced below 100 mg/L and 15 mg/L respectively after treaed by process of combination of biological and physical chemistry treatment, and it win meet grade 1 of national discharging standard for industrial wastewater.


The present invention provides a communication device, a server, a program and a communication system. Communication device comprising: a communication unit; and a control unit, the control unit controls the communication unit to a server that stores the service information of a plurality of upload services of each upload service inquiries one upload service is allowed to directly upload, on which a carrier service allows causes the communication unit to upload directly to obtain the desired information in the one in the upload data services directly uploaded from the server, and directly upload data in said one upload service according to the information needed so that the communication unit.


Among the great variety of natural products, found in plants, algae and sea sponge, we can find compounds that have a quinonic/hydroquinonic moiety united to a terpenic skeleton. Natural (-)cyclozonarone (1), is a drimanic benzoquinone derivative isolated from algae Dintyopteris undulata that posseses a powerful feeding-deterrant activity towards young abalones 1 furthermore shows anticancer activity. 2 The absolute configuration of 1 was establish through a six-step route, starting from natural (-) polygodial, leading us to the synthetic enantiomer (+)-cyclozonarone (2), that showed antileshmania activity. 3 Later, (-)-cyclozonarone was synthesized starting from (+)-albicanol. 4 Both routes of synthesis were based on the Diels-Alder reaction.


Virus infection in patchouli can decrease production and oil quality. Nine viruses are identified infecting patchouli plants, namely Patchouli mosaic virus (PatMoV), Patchouli mild mosaic virus (PatMMV), Telosma mosaic virus (TeMV), Peanut stripe virus (PStV), Patchouli yellow mosaic virus (PatYMV), Tobacco necrosis virus (TNV), Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV). Genomes of all viruses are RNA, but the particles length and shape are different. Detection and identification of parts of viral particles can be performed serologically by ELISA techniques and molecularly by RT-PCR. Early symptoms are mosaic or stripes in leaf buds, then the severe symptoms caused stunted plant growth. The disease may be caused by single or more virus infection. The viruses are transmitted mechanically, and some of them could be transmitted through grafting and vectors. TNV, BBWV2, and CMV have a wide host range, whereas other viruses are limited. Thermal inactivation point and dilution end point of patchouli viruses are generally relatively high, while their longevity in vitro are unstable. The best approaches of viral control are using virus-free or virus-resistant plants and controlling insect vectors. Virus-free plants can be obtained through meristem culture techniques and vector control is done by spraying botanical or chemical pesticides.