Embryos of Glycine max (L.) Merrill cv. 'Jack' were cotransformed with the hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) gene and the jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene by microprojectile bombardment. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum conditions which could achieve the highest co-transformation rate using this method. In the whole process of co-transformation, the screening of transformants was effectively monitored by the expression of GFP. Transformation rates were highest when (1) induced embryos were transferred to a solid medium more than 5 times, (2) only the most highly-proliferated embryos forming globular clusters were bombarded, (3) the helium pressure of rupture disc was 1,100 psi, and (4) the embryo-genic tissues 5 days after bombardment were cultured for more than 8 weeks in hygromycin-containing liquid medium for selection. In these conditions, the proportion of clones expressing hygromycin-resistance was 7%, and the proportion of GFP-expressing clones was 18% of them.


This study aims to analyze how the contribution made by local taxes and levies to increase the Regional Original Income (PAD) of South Kalimantan. This study explains what efforts the government has made to optimize the regional income of South Kalimantan province. This research is an analysis of the contribution of local taxes and levies and the data analysis technique used to calculate the contribution of local taxes and levies is to compare the amount of local tax and levies revenues with the total local revenue. To increase the contribution of regional tax revenues and local levies to total PAD revenues and at the same time enlarge their contribution to the Regional Budget of the South Kalimantan's government, several steps need to be taken, including increasing the intensification of collection of local taxes and levies, then extensification by imposing types of taxes and new levies in accordance with existing conditions and potential


This paper proposes a fast heuristic algorithm for solving a combined optimal fleet composition and multi-period vehicle routing problem. The aim of the problem is to determine an optimal fleet mix, together with the corresponding vehicle routes, to minimize total cost subject to various customer delivery requirements and vehicle capacity constraints. The total cost includes not only the fixed, variable, and transportation costs associated with operating the fleet, but also the hiring costs incurred whenever vehicle requirements exceed fleet capacity. Although the problem under consideration can be formulated as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP), the MILP formulation for realistic problem instances is too large to solve using standard commercial solvers such as the IBM ILOG CPLEX optimization tool. Our proposed heuristic decomposes the problem into two tractable stages: in the first (outer) stage, the vehicle routes are optimized using cross entropy; in the second (inner) stage, the optimal fleet mix corresponding to a fixed set of routes is determined using dynamic programming and golden section search. Numerical results show that this heuristic approach generates high-quality solutions and significantly outperforms CPLEX in terms of computational speed.


PURPOSE: A management system for controlling and securing IRC and HTTP botnets and a method thereof are provided to efficiently manage the security control of IRC and HTTP botnets. CONSTITUTION: A system for botnet control and security management visualizes the botnet information of an internet service provider network. The system for botnet control and security management establishes the policy of reaction on the botnet. A traffic information gathering sensor is distributed in the multiple internet service provider networks and transfers traffic information to a botnet detecting system. The management system manages the establishment and status information of the traffic information gathering sensor and the botnet detecting system.


The market is one of the places where buying and selling transactions occur between traders and consumers as well as between traders and other traders, which are often referred to as shopping centers, traditional markets, plazas and other designations. Deviant behavior is often found in traditional markets. Therefore, Islamic business ethics plays an important role in regulating the behavior of traders. In this connection, the researcher wanted to find out how the behavior of Muslim street vendors in Ciputat traditional market in the perspective of Islamic business ethics. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. That is, the data collected is not in the form of numerical data, but data derived from interview scripts, observations, documentation, researchers and other official documents that support, which then the data are described, analyzed and discussed to answer the problem. The implication of this research is that as Muslim traders in carrying out their activities, they always adhere to the rules set by the Islamic religion. Which will indirectly have an impact on the lives of the traders themselves.


We have proposed Maglog which is a framework for mobile multi-agent systems. Maglog is based on Prolog, and has the concept of field. A field is an object which can contain a knowledge base. With the concept of field, Maglog provides a simple and unified interface for 1) inter-agent communication, 2) agent migration between computers, and 3)utilization of data and programs on computers. In this paper, we present the implementation of Maglog on Java environment, in detail. Since we have implemented both command-line shell and GUI for Maglog, users can choose them for their needs. In addition, through XML-RPC interface for Maglog which we have also implemented, other systems can easily utilize Maglog.


The three dimensional structure of paper materials plays a critical role in the paper manufacturing process especially via its impact on the transport properties for fluids. Dewatering of the wet web, pressing and drying will benefit from knowledge of the relationships between the web structure and its transport coefficients. Among transport, moisture diffusion in paper is central to the understanding and optimal design of paper products for their performance in different environmental conditions. Our recent research of moisture sorption in paper has indicated that diffusion of water vapor through the pore space is an important mechanism for transport [1,2]. The effect of the three dimensional structure of the paper sheet on the diffusion of moisture is significant. The structure of the pore space within a paper sheet is imaged 12th Fundamental Research Symposium, Oxford, September 2001 1289 Preferred citation: S. Ramaswamy, S. Huang, A. Goel, A. Cooper, D. Choi, A Bandyopadhyay and B.V. Ramarao. The 3D Structure of Paper and its Relationship to Moisture Transport in Liquid and Vapor Forms. In The science of papermaking, Trans. of the XIIth Fund. Res. Symp. Oxford, 2001, (C.F. Baker, ed.), pp 1289–1311, FRC, Manchester, 2018. DOI: 10.15376/frc.2001.2.1289. in serial sections using x-ray microtomography. The three dimensional structure is reconstructed from these sections using digital image processing techniques. The structure is then analyzed by measuring traditional descriptors for the pore space such as specific surface area and porosity. In addition, morphometric and quantitative stereological techniques are used to characterize the structure. Techniques of mathematical morphology [3] used include erosion, dilation, closing, opening and binarization with subsequent skeletonization. A sequence of microtomographs was imaged at approximately 2 μm intervals and the three-dimensional pore-fiber structure was reconstructed. The pore size distributions for both in-plane as well as transverse pores were measured. Significant differences in the in-plane (X-Y) and the transverse directions in pore characteristics are found and may help partly explain the different liquid and vapor transport properties in the in-plane and transverse directions. The results from the mathematical morphological study show that the pore space and the fiber space are bicontinuous. Some network measures of both these spaces are the network nodal density and bond co-ordination number distribution, both of which are determined. Significant transport properties for the pore space include the saturated water permeability and water vapor diffusivity. Due to the anisotropic nature of the structure, these are three-dimensional tensors in general.


ABSTRACT: Previous research has called for examination of differences in the fraud profile between "predator" fraudsters (repeat offenders) and "situational" fraudsters (first-time offenders). Usin...


Scheduling in queueing networks concerns a scenario where a scheduler, using system backlog information, decides to which processor to route arriving jobs to achieve various objectives. However, in such scenarios, a significant yet inevitable challenge facing the scheduler in practice is its delayed access to such system configuration information. In this paper, we incorporate this crucial delay element by considering the join-the-shortest-queue scheduling scheme and studying the effects on the system stability and performance arising from random delay in terms of the scheduler's access to system updates information. We characterize the interesting phenomenon observed that is of practical value: the join-the-shortest-queue is robust in the presence of such information delays.


This invention relates to a device of electrodes for measuring water content in foundry sand, an apparatus for measuring water content in foundry sand, and a method and an apparatus for supplying water to a sand mixer. When the prior-art device for measuring water content in the foundry sand is disposed in it, the size or shape of the device of the electrodes is limited. To solve this problem, the device of the electrodes for measuring water content in the foundry sand by supplying an electric current to it is comprised of a plurality of conductive elements 2, 3 concentrically disposed with certain intervals between them in a longitudinal direction, wherein the elements form an annular shape, a retaining element 4 to retain the plurality of the conductive elements 2, 3, wherein the retaining element 4 has an electrical insulating property and a cylindrical shape having the same diameter as the conductive elements 2, 3, and the two conductive wires 5, 6 to connect alternate respective elements of the plurality of conductive elements 2, 3 so that the conductive elements 2, 3 form two poles, wherein the two conductive wires 5, 6 pass through the cavity in the retaining element 4.


To provide a base for the barley production in Yunnan,the barley production regions were classified based on the relationship between rainfall,temperature and sunshine hours of time during the dry season(November-April) of Yunnan,and the spatial distribution,growth and adaptability of barley,using the principal component analysis of statistical analysis software SPSS and dynamic gradually gather class methods and GIS technology.The barley growing areas in Yunnan were analyzed through climatic factors,climatic and ecological types of regional test results and output of GIS platform.The results were that barley production in Yunnan could be divided as central and northern semi-arid barley growing areas,central and southern hot and wet barley growing areas,the eastern semi-humid barley growing areas and the northwest warm and wet barley growing areas.The central and north semi-arid barley growing areas were best and were given priorty of barleg production development.


A large number of studies focus on the effects of news consumption on learning. However, we know surprisingly little about how the process of news consumption itself influences learning across different platforms. This experimental study (N = 149) uses eye tracking to examine to what extent news modality (i.e., whether news is presented in a printed newspaper or on a news website) affects visual attention to news, and subsequently, knowledge. Results show that differences in learning between news modalities are indeed driven by variations in attention; exposure to printed news media leads to more diverse learning through increased visual attention, while more selective visual attention to news on websites leads to learning of specific subjects only.


It is clearly seen that, whereas some oxidation of cystine occurs in case of iodic acid and periodic acid treatments, samples oxidized with perchloric acid invariably lead to higher values for cystine content cormpared with untreated wool. This is very much in agreement with the observation of earlier workers who postulate that other sulfur-containing amino acids, for example methionine, are also oxidized by perchloric acid.


The syntheses of two linear oligogermanes, Ph3GeGePh2GePh2GePh2H and Ge5Ph12, were achieved using a hydrogermolysis reaction starting with HPh2GeGePh2GePh2H. The preparation of the hydride-terminated tetragermane indicates that selectivity is possible using the hydrogermolysis reaction, which had not been observed previously. The structures of both of these compounds were determined, and they were also characterized by UV/visible spectroscopy and electrochemical methods (CV and DPV). The pentagermane Ge5Ph12 exhibits four irreversible oxidation waves in both its CV and DPV, as was observed for other aryl-substituted oligogermanes. The successful synthesis of the neopentane analogue (Ph3Ge)4Ge was also achieved by starting from GeH4 and Ph3GeCH2CN. This material was structurally characterized; the structure of (Ph3Ge)4Ge is highly sterically congested and contains long Ge–Ge single-bond distances that average 2.497(6) A and exhibits an nearly idealized tetrahedral geometry at the central germanium atom wit...


Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfate (DHEAS) is the most abundant steroid in the human circulation and is thought to be the circulating hydrophilic storage form of DHEA. It is generally accepted that DHEA and DHEAS intetconvert freely and continuously via hydroxysteroid sulfotransferases and steroid sulfatase and that only desulfated DHEA can be converted downstream to sex steroids. Here we analyzed DHEA/DHEAS intercoversion in vivo and in vitro. We administered oral DHEA (100 mg) and iv DHEAS (25 mg) to eight healthy young men, resulting in similar increases in serum DHEAS compared with baseline. However, although DHEA administration significantly increased serum DHEA (P<0.05), no such increase was observed after DHEAS. Similarly, DHEA but not DHEAS was coverted downstream to androstenedione, estrone, and androstanediol glucuronide. The striking absence of conversion of DHEAS to DHEA was mirrored by our in vitro findings in HepG2 cells, revealing dose dependant conversion of DHEA (0.1–2μM) to DHEAS but no conversion of DHEAS (0.1–2μM). These results clearly illustrate a lack of hepatic conversion of DHEAS to DHEA, challenging the concept of free interconversion of DHEA and DHEAS. To find the nature of DHEA Secretion, a Mathematical Queuing model M/M/1/N is utilized and the corresponding traffic intensity values are obtained. The significant values are utilized and maximum values are also obtained.


The paper researches some problems in the process of application on Variable-Air-Volume systems,analyses the reasons that cause these problems from design,installation,operation,maintenance and so on.In addition,some advices on design and application of Variable-Air-Volume system are presented.


Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approximates the posterior distribution of latent variable models by generating many samples and averaging over them. In practice, however, it is often more convenient to cut corners, using only a single sample or following a suboptimal averaging strategy. We systematically study different strategies for averaging MCMC samples and show empirically that averaging properly leads to significant improvements in prediction.


Botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) injection is the most frequently performed cosmetic procedure worldwide. Interest in optimizing outcomes, maximizing treatment duration, and improving efficacy has prompted the study of high-dose BoNTA treatment. "High-Dose Neuromodulators: A Roundtable Discussion on Making Sense of the Data in Real-World Clinical Practice" presents a roundtable discussion on the implications and findings of recent highdose BoNTA studies for abobotulinum toxin A (ABO), incobotulinum toxin A (INCO), and onabotulinumtoxin A (ONA) (Video).1 Expanding on the findings derived from BoNTA pivotal trials is crucial to our understanding of dose on aesthetic outcomes, and I applaud the authors for providing an insightful examination and interpretation of the data on high-dose BoNTA treatment. Several key findings were presented in this article. Importantly, high-dose ABO data demonstrated that nearly all (≥89%) responding patients reported natural-looking results at all doses and timepoints (through 36 weeks). These findings were consistent with data from high-dose ONA studies. Accordingly, administering increased BoNTA doses in small volumes allows for natural outcomes and does not increase the potential for a "frozen" appearance. Regarding duration of effect, all high-dose studies demonstrated similar findings. Specifically, increased BoNTA dose correlated to incremental improvements in effect durability, regardless of the endpoint measure used. That said, while an increase in effect duration was seen with higher-dose treatments, the range was relatively narrow. For example, INCO data demonstrated the median duration of effect for 20, 50, and 75 units to be 177, 185, and 210 days, respectively. Notably, the change in duration of effect is not proportional to the corresponding change in dose, and the benefit of increased dose on outcome longevity largely plateaus at higher doses. Depending on individual patient goals, the incremental increase in duration of effect may not adequately applyparastyle "fig//caption/p[1]" parastyle "FigCapt" applyparastyle "fig" parastyle "Figure"


Network researchers rely on a wide variety of experimentation platforms, ranging from simulators to emulators and live testbeds, to validate new ideas. Many experiment management frameworks have been created to ease up the complexity and time cost of deploying experiments on different platforms. However, providing flexible deployment capabilities for arbitrary platforms remains a challenging problem.
 In this work we propose an experiment controller architecture based on event scheduling, designed to enable flexible experiment deployment on diverse platforms. This architecture is capable of handling arbitrary deployment dependencies, both imposed by user requirements and by platform restrictions. It additionally enables flexible resource provisioning, at any point in time during experiment execution, and flexible experiment monitoring events.


An extensive finite element analysis of a vehicle wheel subject to the conjoint influence of inflation pressure and radial load (vehicle load) is reported in this paper. The commonly used design considerations in an automotive wheel are presented and discussed. A method for determining the load(s) transmitted from the vehicle to the wheel is detailed and the intrinsic influence of inflation pressure on wheel performance is discussed. The finite element results are compared with experimental measurements of strain obtained using strain gauges. The salient advantage of the finite element analysis as an attractive and cost-effective approach to the design and analysis of vehicle wheels is elaborated.


Ethics assumes multiple others with whom and between whom social relations are problematic, thereby seeing its task as overcoming those problems in order to make social relations operate in a more improved manner. The author begins by asking a preliminary question: how is the 'other', a given of so much ethics, produced in the first place? Is it needed for the formation of the self or is the discourse of ethics itself responsible for producing the 'other'? The answer is that the discourse of ethics does so, but in the process it obfuscates its arrogation of other discourses that also produce others, as well as concealing the socio-economic connections that enable such productions. The result is that ethics gives the impression that the other is a given upon which ethics may set to work. Concealment requires further interrogation, specifically in terms of its biblical and class dimensions.Keywords: biblical dimensions; class dimensions; ethics; socio-economic connections


The higher education sector continues to be influenced by the market, as well as the continued pressures of lower government funding, and the need of citizens for easy access to educational services, and even with increased competition from international institutions. All these are the factors that determine the success of higher education institutions, and force the institutions to adapt quickly in an environment that requires a steady stream of satisfying educational services.. Over the last decade, changes in funding and growing demands from students and donors have created a whole new model of higher education.This new trend has changed the way higher education institutions are run and operated, and the public's perception of them. Higher education institutions ,now, need to be managed more as public administrations or a business in the private sector. New models not largely dependent on public and government grants, but it is always based on accountability to the public and satisfy the needs of society. In some new model, higher education institutions must increasingly generate revenue, as does any private sector for profit corporation. Academics see universities as the engine of total progress. They transfer their intellectual productions to the institutions to meet the needs of society; University governance is making this progress. Here, University governance appears to be a necessary and precondition for deepening the independence of universities and institutions of higher education. This research shows the principles of this governance, methodology, models, comparisons between countries, and proposes a new model.


Abstract : A technique is introduced by which the total number density of the LOWTRAN 7 Navy Maritime Aerosol Model is adjusted to represent existing atmospheric conditions. Measurements of the vertical profile of relative humidity and surface wind speeds are used with the model to determine the aerosol extinction and backscatter coefficients variations with altitude. Using the single-scatter lidar (light detection and ranging) equation, these parameters are then used to calculate a range compensated power, S(h), from an airborne system. An iterative method is used by which the calculated S(h) values are adjusted to agree with corresponding measured values. Examples are presented of extinction and backscatter coefficients variations with range from the lidar calculated using adjusted size distribution. Also presented are the computer program and operating instructions for adjusting the size distributions at each altitude. Keywords: Aerosol extinction; Backscatter coefficients variations; Extinction coefficients variations; Single scatter lidar equation; Backscattered power.


This paper review the definitions, models in practice and dimensions of construct of community capacity building, beginning with early definitions in the 1990s to latest along with construct dimensions. The definitions have a common principle, mostly highlight five domains areas physical, Institutional, Economic, Social and Human. While content analysis of construct models highlighted the following common dimensions of construct of CCB (1) participation (2) leadership (3) problem assessment (4) resource mobilization and (5) program management. The harmony in definitions of community capacity building construct confront the idea that term 'community capacity building' is laden with a surfeit of meanings and ideas. Mostly, the term is defined by different authors, relevant to context and purposes of work. Literature demonstrates many elucidation of construct of community capacity building. Like other notions such as community empowerment, community participation and sustainability, the term of 'community capacity building 'has various elucidation in different fields. The milieu in which community capacity building is defined and interpreted is of much importance. This review paper discusses the construct of community capacity building in context of community development, and explores construct dimensions and available definitions.


FOR almost a decade we have searched for better understanding of the role of vasopressor agents in altering regional and systemic blood flow. Except in instances in which adequacy of perfusion pressure is a critical factor, it is questionable whether elevation of arterial pressure at the expense of added arteriolar constriction favors improvement in blood flow. The hemodynamic effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine have been extensively studied. Three primary sites of action are recognized: I) a cardiac action relating to rate, rhythm, and inotropic effects, which may result in improved myocardial contractility and improved cardiac output; 2) a constrictor action on arterioles (the resistance vessels), which results in increase in arterial pressure; and 3) an effect on the venules and veins (the capacitance vessels), which results in either mobilization or pooling of blood. The venous capacitance bed, as the term implies, serves two functions. It provides venous channels for return of blood from capillaries to the heart, and it serves as a reservoir in which blood may be pooled or from which blood may be mobilized for "active" circulation. Remarkably little is presently known about the effects of various vasoactive drugs on venous capacitance. Since the venous bed contains between


" .. , .ii l Chapter I: Introduction Statement ofProblem 1 Purpose ofthe Study " 2 Assumptions/Limitations 2 Definition ofTerms 2 Methodology '" '" .. , 3 Chapter II: Literature Review 5 Attitudes Towards Students with Different Levels ofDisabilities 5 Training and Experience Level ofthe Classroom Teacher 7 Looking to the Future A Differentiated Classroom 9 Chapter III: Methodology 11 Selection and Description ofSample 11


The quality of water samples collected from 200 sampling location, including 4 surface water location (waterwork of Zhengzhou Water Supply Company) and 196 underground water loca- tion (Scattering over urban district and suburbs of zhengzhou) were monitored for years running, Re- sults show that fluoride content of the drinking water samples collected from underground water were low,and the fluoride content of the drinking water collected from surface water (Yellow River) was moderate. Having generally investigated the fluoride content of drinking water of Zhengzhou district, it's recommended that people who have been drinking the underground water for along period should take precautions against dental caries.


Within a multiple collision theory based on the eikonal approximation we study the $^{90}\mathrm{Zr}$(p,n${)}^{90}$Nb 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} cross section at 200 MeV incident proton energy. Both the one- and two-step contributions are calculated and compared to the experimental inclusive cross section. Good agreement between theory and experiment is found. Possible implications for the ``missing Gamow-Teller strength'' are discussed.


The utility model discloses an automobile braking device which is characterized in that the braking device adopts a vacuum booster (4); the whole automobile communication is realized through CAN; brakes are in a disc type, and are respectively arranged on the front part and the back part; a front caliper (1) is a swing caliper, and is arranged on the front part; a front braking disc is provided with a radiator; a back caliper (2) is a swing caliper, and is arranged on the back part; a back braking disc is in a disc belt drum type; a braking pedal (3) transfers force to a vacuum boosting hydraulic braking system which exerts the amplified force on the front caliper (1) and the back caliper (2) in a hydraulic mode through a main cylinder and a braking tube. Both of the front part and the back part of the automobile braking device are provided with the disc type brakes, so the automobile braking device has high thermal stability. The larger back brake is adopted under the condition of a standard ABS, the braking force of a back shaft is fully used, the braking distance is good, and the stability is improved.


This paper presents fuzzy logic controller (FLC) design using optimisation techniques. The FLC has been developed and implemented for the motion of the robot from an initial position towards another desired position, taking into account the kinematic constraints. First, we have carried out a simulation of a fuzzy logic based controller which determines the speed values of each driving wheel, while the robot seeking the goal. Second, an optimisation of this controller has been realised using gradient method or genetic algorithms. Simulation and experimental results demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Optical excitation of coherent LO-phonons in surface space charge fields of GaAs was recently demonstrated using 50fs light pulses from a CPM-ring dye laser[1]. The measurement of both amplitude and phase of the coherent phonons via reflective-electro-optic sampling allows the study of coherent phonon dephasing in the presence of a dense carrier plasma in opaque semiconductors.


In a sample of 503 undergraduates, a newly proposed subscale for the Manic–Depressiveness Scale is more strongly associated with depression scores than with manic scores.


RESULTS: One-hundred-forty-four residents completed the survey. A positive correlation was noted between perceived knowledge and actual proficiency in: effect of frequency on image resolution, principle of as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA), fetal heart rate assessment, components of the anatomic survey; skill/performance in performing growth survey; comfort teaching/supervising growth ultrasound, identification of appropriate images for biparietal diameter and abdominal circumference assessments and recognizing gastroschisis. There was a negative correlation in perceived skill/performance in first trimester ultrasound and identifying the correct first trimester crown rump length image. Higher PGY-level respondents tended to answer the question of effect of resolution on image quality correctly, though they also tended to answer the question regarding first trimester crown rump length incorrectly.


The rise of quantum information science has opened up a new venue for applications of the geometric phase (GP), as well as triggered new insights into its physical, mathematical, and conceptual nat ...


Department of Health Management and Informatics
A Research Project Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Master of Science in Public Health Systems Management and Application in the School of Public Health and Applied Human Sciences of Kenyatta University, February, 2019


In this paper, we study uplink resource allocation problem to maximize the overall system capacity while guaranteeing the signal-to-noise ratio of both D2D users and cellular users (CUs). The optimization problem can be decomposed into two subproblems: power control and channel assignment. We first prove that the objective function of power control problem is a convex function to get the optimal transmit power. Then, we design an optimal selection algorithm for channel assignment. Numerical results reveal the proposed scheme is capable of improving the system's performance compared with the random selection algorithm.


This paper proposes an analysis method to monitor the status of an X-ray tube with rotating anode based on vibration signals analysis.The features were found and dealt with through the analysis of vibration signals detected by accelerometer and high resolution data acquisition card in time domail,frequency domain and time-frequency domain via the NI LabVIEW Visual Instrument Development Platform.This is a new approach to detect the start-up,running and breaking period of X-ray tube with rotating anode.


Due to its abundance in various areas along the Mandapam coast ( lat itude 9° 17"N; longitude 79° 11"E), Southeast coast of India, the commonly occurring intertidal bivalve Gafrarium tumidum was selected for this study to investigate its nutritive value. Tissues of different body parts such as mantle, viscera and foot were analyzed. Biochemical constituents like protein, carbohydrate and fat were estimated in different body parts and the percentage of protein was 61.74%, carbohydrate 32.64% and lipid 14.37%. The fatty acids of bivalve were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In the fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were found to be dominant, contributing 6.99% (2.34, 2.67 and 1.98% mantle, viscera and foot, respectively), whereas saturated fatty acids (SFA) contributed 5.19% (1.70, 1.94 and 1.55%) followed by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) which contributed 2.75% (0.92 0.93 0.90%). Stearic (0.81%) and palmitic acids (0.71%) were the dominant saturated fatty acid in viscera and oleic acid (0.93%) was the monounsaturated fatty acid found in the viscera. Linoleic (1.38%) and αlinolenic acids (1.07%) were the dominant polyunsaturated fatty acid in viscera. The total amino acid detected was found to be 42.97%, among them the essential amino acids (EAA) was 20.77% and the non essential amino acids (NEAA) present was found to be 22.2%. The results of this study revealed that phenylalanine (1.19%) and methionine (1.04%) in EAA and alanine (1.10%) and glutamic acid (1.10%) in NEAA were the major constituents. It could also be added that the composition of marine bivalves is a nutritional assurance to millions of malnourished people.


Over the last few years the University of California has been rocked by a number of economic shocks. Budgetary cutbacks and a series of early retirement incentive programs have forced campuses such as Berkeley (UCB) to seriously evaluate the array of services of fered—particularly the large number of spe cialized decentralized service points and branches that exploded during the more pros perous periods of the 1950s and 1960s. With 22 branch libraries, an undergraduate library, and a main library, Berkeley has developed an abundance of these expensive service points to support. During the last few belt-tightening years, the library sustained large reductions in staffing so that the number of librarians and other nonstudent employees was reduced from around 575 at the end of 1988 to 460 in the beginning of 1993. By the spring of 1993 it had become appar ent that a piecemeal approach, which was tak ing across-the-board cuts from all operations, was only leading to the eventual weakening of all the services at UCB. Recognizing the enor mous cost of duplication of material, space, and staffing, the library administration decided that it would be preferable to eliminate and con solidate some services rather than weaken all operations. Despite the initial cost of consoli dations, it was also determined that funding fewer service points and branches could result eventually in improved services in those that remained. Dorothy Gregor, the university li brarian, asked that LAUC-B (the Librarians As sociation of the University of California, Ber keley) appoint a committee to develop guide lines that could be used when considering which branches would be closed. This committee found little guidance in li brary literature; rather it used advice from other librarians involved in closing decentralized ser vice points and other unpublished sources for drawing up these guidelines. The articles that had been published on the subject primarily dealt with the debate over centralization ver sus decentralization or the closing of under graduate libraries in conjunction with the elimi nation of their colleges, but not on how to decide which established branch libraries to close. The committee relied primarily on infor mation provided by the library staff involved with the closure of branches at UC-Los Ange les, a planning document written by the Sci ence Libraries Department at UCB, and discus sions with campus branch librarians for ideas. These "Guidelines for Consolidation" will hopefully provide other large research librar ies with some constructive ideas on how to approach this process. While they are written primarily for the situation at Berkeley, they deal with concepts that will be applicable at a num ber of large research institutions.


Excessive medical treatment goes against the human rights of patients and therefore must be stopped.Main reasons include the impulse of existing medical benefit mechanism,the morality decline of medical staff,and patients' eagerness to shake off physical pain and psychological advocating for high-cost medical expenditure.This paper also comes up with relevant countermeasures including reversing the current healthcare mechanism,establishing an evaluation system for medical ethics of medical staff,and building up a monitoring mechanism for the development of clinical guidelines of evidence-based medicine.


Two new families of commutative semifields of order q4 with middle nucleus GF(q2), where q is an odd prime power, are defined. One family occurs when q ≡ 3(mod 4) and the other when q ≡ 1(mod 4). 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification 17A35, 12K10.


The article presents a historiographic review of historical memory and, based on this, examines the meaning and features of the process of rethinking national histories. The relevance of the presented work lies in the fact that today there is a "memorial boom", which leads to a critical analysis of the past, a revision of the main plots of the history of the state and society. Since gaining independence, the post-Soviet countries have been embraced by the search for national identity. In this search, an important role was played by the reevaluation of one's own history; based on new methodological approaches, the colonial experience, postcolonial transformations are being investigated. Thus, this paper aims to analyze a wide range of theoretical and historiographic material, the works of the founders of the concept of memory, fundamental works of researchers, from whom new directions came, such as the "politics of memory" or "trauma of memory", etc. The authors of this article consider the theoretical foundations of memory, which have become significant in such sciences as sociology, history, philosophy, political science, etc. The study uses historical-genetic, historical-comparative, historical-systemic methods, as well as methods of retrospective and prospective analysis. The historiographic review of foreign and domestic authors helped to consider and analyze such concepts as historical memory and historical politics. In the works of French, German, American researchers, the theoretical and methodological foundations of the category of memory were studied. Russian and Kazakh historiography are represented by modern research, which is aimed at studying the processes associated with mythologizing, politicizing these processes, commemorative practices, local and regional aspects


The agile development of applications requires a series of elements and organization guidelines. The human factor and its predisposition for team work is one of these elements, nevertheless, having automatized tools that facilitate the process of software development is another important requirement as well. Regarding this purpose, the team work has developed several tools that help the development of applications using PHP as the programming language, with classic BD motors such as MySQL or MSSQL. Accordingly, these results have been published in several research papers. However, Web technology makes it necessary to have the same type of tool in order to develop using .NET technology. In this regard, dotNET4DB is introduced, a working framework aimed at the support for applications development using .NET technology. This tool provides the possibility of automatically generating the basic functionalities (Additions, Deletions, Modifications and Reports) of a system of computing management as well as facilitating and assisting the development of other specific functional requirements.


Because of the deep influence of traditional teaching mode, the present photography teaching in our country is a little lagged behind. After the arrival of digital age, the content and means of photography teaching has some new changes. Under this new situation, it is the only way to better improve students' aesthetic and creative ability that positively break off traditional teaching mode and further implement teaching reform. This paper lists the outstanding advantages of digital photography and discusses the teaching strategy of photography in the digital age.


AbstractThe aim of the studie was to investigate if the Pediatric Early Warning Score system, PEWS, is an useful instrument on a children's inpatient ward, regarding the detecting of deterioration ...


An atmospheric pressure microplasma technique is demonstrated for the gas phase synthesis of Ni nanoparticles by plasma-assisted nickelocene dissociation at different conditions. The dissociation process and the products are characterized by complementary analytical methods to establish the relationship between operational conditions and product properties. The innovation is to show proof-of-principle of a new synthesis route which offers access to less costly and less poisonous reactant, a higher quality product, and a simple, continuous and pre/post treatment-free manner with chance for fine-tuning "in-flight". Results show that Ni nanoparticles with controllable magnetic properties are obtained, in which flexible adjustment of product properties can be achieved by tuning operational parameters. At the optimized condition only fcc Ni nanoparticles are formed, with saturation magnetization value of 44.4 mAm2/g. The upper limit of production rate for Ni nanoparticles is calculated as 4.65 × 10−3 g/h using a single plasma jet, but the process can be scaled-up through a microplasma array design. In addition, possible mechanisms for plasma-assisted nickelocene dissociation process are discussed.


ABSTRACT The kinase TOR is found in two complexes, TORC1, which is involved in growth control, and TORC2, whose roles are less well defined. Here, we asked whether TORC2 has a role in sustaining cellular stress. We show that TORC2 inhibition in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a reduced tolerance to heat stress, whereas sensitivity to other stresses is not affected. Accordingly, we show that upon heat stress, both in the animal and Drosophila cultured S2 cells, TORC2 is activated and is required for maintaining the level of its known target, Akt1 (also known as PKB). We show that the phosphorylation of the stress-activated protein kinases is not modulated by TORC2 nor is the heat-induced upregulation of heat-shock proteins. Instead, we show, both in vivo and in cultured cells, that TORC2 is required for the assembly of heat-induced cytoprotective ribonucleoprotein particles, the pro-survival stress granules. These granules are formed in response to protein translation inhibition imposed by heat stress that appears to be less efficient in the absence of TORC2 function. We propose that TORC2 mediates heat resistance in Drosophila by promoting the cell autonomous formation of stress granules. Highlighted Article: The Drosophila TOR complex 2 is necessary for the formation of heat-induced cytoprotective stress granules, which can explain the heat sensitivity of TORC2 mutant flies.


Scientific evaluation of the economic and social contribution of road transport industry is the important premise of active adapting to the new normal economic development and making the"Thirteenth Five Year Plan". Through a comprehensive analysis of the economic and social contribution of road transport industry in Jilin Province in comparative perspectives,the paper points out that there are prominent spill-over effects of road transport industry. However,many problems and retardation factors still exist compared with other provinces. The paper provides policy support for improving the contribution of road transport industry in Jilin Province in future.


In the business environment, rms are expected to disclose accurate and reliable nancial information. Financial statement fraud is actions which are taken to intentionally distort a company's reported nancial performance. Major corporate nancial statement Frauds get away in the name of creative accounting. But, they need to be studied for lessons learned and strategies to avoid or reduce the incidence of such frauds in the future. It is essential for shareholders, particularly the common man who does not have any access to the company except reported nancial numbers. This research paper attempts to detect the practices of nancial statement fraud in the Pharmaceutical Sector in India for investors' interest using Earnings quality, De Angelo and Beneish models of fraud detection. The result conrms the presence of nancial statement fraud in the companies under study. It is therefore expected that the study will help to improves investor's belief of a company's performance, as reected in their nancial numbers.


The paper mainly examines the influemce of cross-infection among meadows and animal migration on the spread of animal diseases. Firstly, based on mechanism of epidemic transition, an animal disease spreading model with animal migration among adjacent meadows is established. Then, applying the qualitative stability theory of differential equations,we discuss the existence of disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium, proving that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to verify the theoretical analysis results and the sensitivity of the basic reproduction number with respect to different parameters. The results indicate that the transmission coefficient of individuals contacting the bacteria around environment and the coefficient of individuals immigration from nonadjacent farms have signifiant influence on the basic reproduction number.


Antibiotics came into existence with its discovery in 1929 by Alexander Fleming. With the advancement of science and the progress of drug discovery process led to the introduction of 160 novel antibiotics from synthetic and semi-synthetic origin during the period 1940-1970. The consumption had seen a steady rise of about 42.3 billion daily defined doses (DDD) between the years 2000 and 2015. In spite of antibiotic resistance still antibiotics consumption are found to increase on  a higher scale of about 67% by  2030. Thus,  the largest selling proposition of antibiotics makes  it easily available for detection in sewage,  wastewater  treatment  plants (WWTP), terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments. Globally, 10% of antibiotics usage occurs from hospitals and 80% occurs from community usage.


You are never too old to learn at Scotland's Rural Collge (SRUC) Barony Campus, and paying testament to this is 74 year old John Maxwell of Netherwood Farm, Dumfries.


Abstract : An argument is presented which justifies the simultaneous use of both the Langmuir Mott-Smith orbit limited, and the diode space charge limited equations for current collection by electrostatic probes. From these two equations the sheath size can be eliminated and the current to a probe obtained for a large range of values of probe potential and Debye length. Numerical solutions are presented for both the spherical and cylindrical cases. Asymptotic properties are considered. (Author)


Breast cancer is one of the most frequently occurring cancers and the most common occurring cancer in women, with similar effects, in individual, social and economic level. Although the main medical purpose remains to be the increase of patient survival, a strong continuous interest is observed about the identification of the nature of the problems that patients face, either as side effects of the followed treatment, or as effects of the disease itself.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that determine the quality of life of women with breast cancer, the levels of depression and anxiety that patients experience and the possible correlations of the mentioned above with the treatment the stage of disease and demographic characteristics, in order to achieve the provision of optimal care.
Material and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the period from November 2015 until February 2016, at the General Hospital - Maternity Hospital "Elena Venizelou" in a sample of 199 women who were diagnosed with breast cancer and were under some form of systemic therapy (chemotherapy, Herceptin treatment, hormonal therapy), or had completed the systematic treatment and monitored in Pathological Oncology Clinic of the Hospital. Through the research were used the quality of life questionnaire EORTC QLQ- C30 (version 3.0), the supplementary breast cancer module EORTC QLQ-BR23, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale HADS and a questionnaire of social-demographic characteristics.
Results: In the whole sample, the global health status/Qol, as assessed by the scale EORTC QLQ C-30 and almost all the factors of quality of life which were evaluated based on the scale EORTC QLQ BR-23, were found to be associated statistically significant with levels of anxiety and depression experienced by participants. Patients with higher levels of anxiety and / or depression had a less satisfactory global health status/Qol and a lower level of quality of life. Patients with breast cancer who received chemotherapy showed lower levels of quality of life in most of each aspects and the highest level of depression, compared with other groups. In contrast, patients who teceived hormonal therapy, showed the highest levels of quality of life among patients receiving systemic therapy. The high level of education, showed positive connection with the quality of life, especially with the global health status/ Qol and the emotional functioning, as well as the negative affinity to the degree of depression and anxiety experienced by patients. Moreover, a statistically significant negative correlation was observed among mastectomy with global health status/ Qol, body image, physical functioning, emotional functioning, fatigue and arm symptoms of the sampled patients.
Conclusions: The identification of psychological distress and the early and appropriate confrontation can help improve the quality of life of patients with breast cancer. The psychosocial needs of patients and their variations depending on the type of treatment they receive along with the particular difficulties they face should be considered when designing interventions for this population.


This paper describes a framework, which modifies existing source code to generate security issues. An example plugin for generating SQL injection in Java source code is described. The generation process is based on static code analysis techniques like dataflow analysis and abstract syntax trees. The framework is evaluated with the help of Java projects from GitHub. One modified project was successfully used in a capture the flag event as a challenge.


Abstract
 China and India (Chindia) have begun in recent years to enjoy growing measures of economic success, reversing centuries of structural poverty and negligible rates of economic growth. This article examines the influence of varying cultural propensities—Hinduism in India and Confucianism in China—and their impact on each country's economic turnaround. It discusses the historical circumstances that shaped Chindia's perspectives on foreign direct investment and how external forces contributed to domestic policy-making. It also addresses three ways in which culture can affect economy and two major events that cemented the direction of Chindian economic growth. Finally, the paper presents a comparative analysis of China and India and their respective impact of culture on development. It asserts that the forces of culture and its historical development do matter, especially when it comes for a nation to reverse its deprived and stagnated situation and to achieve a status of economic powerhouse.


Deterioration of state of students' health has a negative effect on the efficiency of training process in a college, and on mastering their professional skills. Changes of health parameters are directly connected with difficult ecological conditions. The Astrakhan region is considered as a region with ecological troubles, therefore carrying out preventive and medical-rehabilitation actions among students with ecological-determined pathology of respiratory system is rather actual. The experiment in a group of students with chronic bronchopulmonary pathology has been developed and led. During the classes psychological treatment by music in combination with respiratory gymnastics has been used. The developed program of physical rehabilitation promotes improvement of ventilation function of lungs, provides recovery and increase of physical readiness and students' capacity for work, and also raises adaptable potential of a person.


Objective: About a third of schizophrenia patients are treatment-resistant to antipsychotic therapy. No studies established the fingerprints or pathway-phenotypes of treatment-resistant schizophrenia. The present study aimed to delineate the pathway-phenotypes of non-responders (NRTT) and partial responders (PRTT) to treatment using machine learning. Methods: We recruited 115 schizophrenia patients and 43 healthy controls and measured schizophrenia symptom dimensions, neurocognitive tests, plasma CCL11, interleukin-(IL)-6, IL10, Dickkopf protein 1 (DKK1), high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), κand μ-opioid receptors (KOR and MOR, respectively), endomorphin-2 (EM-2), and β-endorphin. Results: Machine learning showed that the NRTT group is a qualitatively distinct class and is significantly discriminated from PRTT with an accuracy of 100% using a neuro-immune-opioidcognitive (NIOC) pathway-phenotype with as main determinants list learning, controlled word association, and Tower of London test scores, CCL11, IL-6, and EM2. The top-5 symptom domains separating NRTT from PRTT were in descending order: psychomotor retardation, negative symptoms, psychosis, depression, and mannerism. Moreover, a NIOC pathway also discriminated PRTT from healthy controls with an accuracy of 100% while all PRTT and controls were authenticated as belonging to their respective classes. Conclusion: A non-response to treatment with antipsychotics is determined by increased severity of specific symptom profiles coupled with deficits in executive functions, and episodic and semantic memory, and aberrations in neuro-immune and opioid pathways. No patients showed complete remission after treatment indicating that non-remitting in PRTT is attributable to increased HMGB1 and residual deficits in attention, executive functions, and semantic memory. Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 15 April 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0231.v1


Data mining is a technique used to extract information from dataset and transforms it into understandable structure. In classification, discrimination is the major aspects in data mining. Discrimination is a type of treatment that includes denying the membership in one group opportunities that are available in another group. Discrimination based on age, religion, gender, caste, disability, employment, language, race and nationality. Automated collections of data are used to define classification rules by means of making automated decisions like loan granting, insurance premium and jobs. If the training data sets are biased against particular community, the transformed models also show discriminatory prejudiced behavior. Antidiscrimination techniques including discrimination discovery and prevention are used to prevent discrimination. Discrimination can be classified into direct discrimination and indirect discrimination. In direct discrimination, the extracted rules can be directly obtained by means of searching discriminatory contexts. Indirect discrimination consists of rules or procedures that not explicitly mentioning discriminatory attributes intentionally could generate discriminatory decisions. In proposed technique, direct and indirect discrimination is prevented using rule protection and rule generalization methods. In this process, BIRCH (Balanced Iterative Reducing and Clustering using Hierarchies) is used to perform hierarchical clustering for huge data-sets. The proposed method has been implemented on the Adult dataset and shown promising results. KeywordsData mining, Classification, Direct discrimination, Indirect discrimination, rule protection, data transformation, birch algorithm, rule generalization.


The spontaneous adhesion of vulcanized filled elastomers to steel has been studied using a rolling cylinder test. Owing to the relatively high degree of crosslinking, heavy cylinders are required to ensure good contact with the hard rubber track. This in turn invokes compression within the bulk of the rubber. A consequence is that hysteresis losses are associated not only with the adhesion phenomenon but also with the compression deformation of the system. Theoretical and experimental analyses have led to the conclusion that the two effects may be treated as additive. Both hysteresis losses can be related to the WLF superposition principle.


Criminal procedure is a process in which human beings create the "matter".It embodies wisdom and objective of human beings,and condenses human activities.Criminal procedure law is the external form of the "matter".Criminal procedure has inherent characteristics of invisible object,dangerous object,prohibitive circulation object,primitive object and transformable object.The legislation of criminal procedure should take into consideration the current social situation and be based on the characteristics of the "matter" in criminal procedure without breaking away from reality and surpassing the present situation.The introduction of new concepts in criminal procedure is of great significance to the revision of criminal procedure laws in China.


Introduction by Laurence R. Goldman Anthropophagy, Myth and the Subtle Ways of Ethnocentrism by Don Gardner Consuming Doubts: What Some People Ate? Or What Some People Swallowed? by Michael Pickering Anasazi Mutilation and Cannibalism in the American Southwest by John Kantner The White Man as Cannibal in the New Guinea Highlands by Alan Rumsey Asmat Cosmology and the Practice of Cannibalism by Kerry M Zubrinich Onabasulu Cannibalism and the Moral Agents of Misfortune by Thomas M. Ernst Indexes


Necessary and sufficient conditions are given under which the
n-th order differential equation has a noncontinuable solution
with the finite limits of its derivatives up to the order n-2
at the right-hand side point of the definition interval.


We study a class of weakly hyperbolic Cauchy problems on $\mathbb{R}^d$, involving linear operators with characteristics of variable multiplicities, whose coefficients are unbounded in the space variable. The behaviour in the time variable is governed by a suitable"shape function". We develop a parameter-dependent symbolic calculus, corresponding to an appropriate subdivision of the phase space. By means of such calculus, a parametrix can be constructed, in terms of (generalized) Fourier integral operators naturally associated with the employed symbol class. Further, employing the parametrix, we prove $\mathscr{S}(\mathbb{R}^{d})$-wellposedness and give results about the global decay and regularity of the solution, within a scale of weighted Sobolev space.


Introduction Although Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis patients have lower Bone Mineral Density (BMD) but relationship between BMD and curve pattern, intensity of curve, or its progress in these patients is controversial. Some studies have shown a significant difference between left and right proximal femur BMDs in AIS patients. Since the curve pattern relationship with density of bilateral proximal femur has not been identified, this study aims to investigate the relationship between Spinal Coronal Profile and differences in BMD on either sides of proximal femur in patients with AIS. Material and Methods This study is prospective and included 50patients with AIS who underwent posterior or anterior and posterior correction and fusion surgery between December 2013 and december 2014. The mean age at the time of surgery was 16.6 ± 5.8 years. Bilateral proximal femur BMD and Z-score was calculated before surgery by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We evaluated correlations between coronal parameters, obtained from preoperative radiographs, and the BMD ratio using Paired Samples Test analysis. Results Patients with Lenke type 1 curve (28; all with a right convex curve)have no significant difference between bilateral proximal femur density but in patients with Lenke type 5curve(22;all with a left convex curve)have greater bone mineral density on right side(concave). Conclusion The bilateral proximal femur BMD difference was significantly correlated with the coronal balance in AIS patients. When the patient have coronal imbalance the proximal femur BMD was greater in the concave side.


In this paper we will develop a perspective that tackle the discuss on constitutional reform in Chile. This approach gives a priority into a majority decisions, because they are essential components of political equality. To achieve this, we will explain how some critics to Constitution are redirect to institutional design (i) also, we will expose the way of important part of the legal scholars characterized the Constitution as "counter-majoritarian" (ii) as well, we will discuss the arguments which some authors have attempted to develop this feature (iii) in the same way, we will argue why that thesis is incorrect because arguments are questionable (iv) this background, allow us to propose a reasonable model of majoritarian democracy, which should guide the discussion on a new Constitution (v); issue that is specifiable in certain institutional decisions, preliminarily, propose (vi).


By Richard Bellman London: McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. Pp. xx + 328. Price 77s. 6d. This volume is the first of a projected series devoted to an exposition of the results and methods of modern matrix theory, and is intended to acquaint the reader with the fundamental concepts. Starting from a consideration of maxima and minima of functions of two and more variables leads on to the consideration of quadratic forms and symmetrical matrices, the theory of which is developed in the first few chapters.


This brief presents an Improved 10-bit 30MS/s Successive approximation register analog to digital converter (ADC) that uses a power efficient switchback switching method. Compared with the monotonic switching method and Vcm Based methods, the common mode voltage variation (Vcm) reduces which improves the dynamic offset and the parasitic capacitances variation of the comparator. The comparator consists of pre-amplifier and a dynamic latched comparator. The pre-amplifier is adopted to block kickback noise and enhance the comparison speed. The proposed ADC uses an asynchronous circuit to internally generate the signals. The switchback switching procedure does not consume any power at the first digital to analog converter switching conversion, which can reduce the power consumption. This method does not require fast settling reference buffer to charge MSB capacitor in the conversion phase as it provides longer settling time. The proposed switching procedure consumes only 127.5CVref. The prototype is fabricated in a 90nm CMOS technology. At 1V supply and 30MS/s, the proposed ADC consumes 0.98mW. Keywords— Analog to Digital Converter (ADC), energy efficient switching method, low input capacitance, successive-approximation-register (SAR) ADC


Private Set Intersection (PSI) is usually implemented as a sequence of encryption rounds between pairs of users, whereas the present work implements PSI in a simpler fashion: each set only needs to be encrypted once, after which each pair of users need only one ordinary set comparison. This is typically orders of magnitude faster than ordinary PSI at the cost of some ``fuzziness" in the matching, which may nonetheless be tolerable or even desirable. This is demonstrated in the case where the sets consist of English words processed with WordNet.


Objective
To observe the clinical efficacy of enhanced external counterpulsation (ECP) in the treatment of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).

Methods
It was a case-control study. 83 patients (166 eyes) of NPDR were randomly divided into ECP treatment group (ECP group) and conventional therapy group (drug group) by date of visit odd and even number, each with 42 patients of 84 eyes and 41 patients of 82 eyes respectively. The blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), corrected visual acuity, stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and hemodynamic index such as peak systolic velocity (PSV), diastolic velocity (EDV), resistance index (RI) of ophthalmic artery (OA) and central retinal artery (CRA) were not statistically different between these two groups (P>0.05). All patients were regularly educated for lifestyle management and diabetes mellitus. The following parameters were controlled by drugs including blood glucose<8.0 mmol/L, HbA1c<7.5%, blood pressure<140/90 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and LDL-C<3.1 mmol/L. The ECP group received both ECP and medical treatments. The ECP parameters were gasbag pressure 0.35 - 0.45 kg/cm2, 40 min/each time, 1 time/d. 35 days of ECP was one course, one course each year for 3 years. The treatment effectiveness was determined at the end of follow-up after 3 years of treatment. The blood glucose, HbA1c, blood pressure, LDL-C, visual acuity, fundus changes and hemodynamic index of OA and CRA before and after treatment were comparatively analyzed. Improved or stable visual acuity and fundus condition was judged as effective treatment.

Results
At latest follow up, the differences of blood glucose, HbA1c, blood pressure and LDL-C were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Compared to drug group, the PSV and EDV of OA and CRA were increased, but RI of OA and CRA was decreased in ECP group (P<0.05). The vision effective ratio was 91.67% and 30.49% in ECP group and drug group respectively with a significant different (χ2=65.56, P<0.05). The fundus effective ratio was 92.86% and 48.78% in ECP group and drug group respectively with a significant different (χ2=43.38, P<0.05). During follow-up, 1 eye (1.19%) progressed to proliferative DR (PDR) in ECP group, while 6 eyes (7.32%) progressed to PDR in drug group. The difference of PDR incidence rate between two groups was significant (χ2=3.87, P<0.05). During the ECP treatment, there were 2 patients with small blisters in the skin of lower limb and cured finally. There were no other treatment-related complications.

Conclusion
ECP in the treatment for NPDR can improve PSV and EDV, reduce RI of OA and CRA; improve vision and fundus state, reduce the incidence of PDR.

Key words:
Diabetic retinopathy/therapy; Counterpulsation


1. The recent Indrisinte Chiromys, Mesopropitheeus, Paleeopropithecus, Arehaolemur, and Hadropithecus are all more or less specialized representatives of one common Prosimian stock. 2. Specialization has taken place in various directions and to very varying degrees among the different genera enumerated ; Archaohmur, HadropithecM, and Mezopropithecus retaining on the whole the greatest number of pithecoid characters. 3. Even the least specialized forms have undergone retrogressive changes as compared with the ancestral Tertiary stock from which they, in common with the extant Indrisinoe, are derived. This is notably true as regards the condition of the frontal region of the brain. 4. A comparison of the least specialized members of this Indrisine group of Prosiiniae with the various families of the Old and New "World Monkeys, shows in several characters closer affinities with the latter than with the former (e.g., auditory bullse, traces of primitive dentition, procumbent lower incisors, tendency to lose third molar, platjThine condition of nasals).


This paper contributes to the area of creativity and educational leadership in higher education, by mobilising both concepts empirically in the 21 st century learning environment. The students who enrolled in the Plan and Promotion for Events and Festivals as part of the coursework and assessment had to plan a one-day event at Zayed University (ZU) from start to finish. The paper discusses the impact of this event as a case study from three perspectives: student, academic and professional and analyzes the impact of this event on students' learning across five areas which are knowledge within the students' area of study, knowledge outside the students' area of study, linking theory and practice, career growth and self-development.


Objective:To observe the effect of Gushen'antai pills and Progesterone soft capsules in treating early threatened abortion.Methods:Eighty cases of early threatened abortion were divided into control group and observation group,each for 40 cases.The patients of control group were given Progesterone soft capsules,and the patients of observation group were given Gushen'antai pills and Progesterone soft capsules.The colporrhagia,soreness of waist,hypogastrium painful,B ultrasonic and serum progesterone were observed before and after treatment.Results:The total effective rate of observation group was higher than the control group(92.50% VS 75.00%,P0.05).The improvement rates of colporrhagia,soreness of waist,hypogastrium painful of observation group were higher than the control group(P0.05),with statistical significance.The serum progesterone values in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group at different time periods(P0.05).Conclusion:The curative effect of Gushen'antai pills in treating early threatened abortion is steady,and worthwhile for spreading in clinical practice.


High-resolution ultraviolet photoemission spectra portray substantial variations in Ga 3d core-level line shapes, which cannot be resolved by standard x-ray-photoemission-spectroscopy techniques. They indicate that the GaAs(100)/AlAs heterointerface grown by molecular-beam epitaxy possesses a complex microstructure that is severely influenced by Ga segregation into the AlAs overlayer. The reported segregation process is highly temperature dependent and is characterized by a segregation energy of E s =0.15±0.1 eV at a substrate temperature of 630 o C


The problems of College graduates' employment is hard solved, which has something to do with the bad guidance of employment. Due to its short history in colleges, it exists some prominent problems. Looking into these problems, it is significant for college employment guide to find out measures.


A suspected biotype of Scirpus planiculmis (S. planiculmis)to be resistant to sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides was identified in Seosan reclaimed paddy fields in Korea. The fields have been cultivated for mono-cultural rice production with wet-direct seeding method and continuously treated with SU-based herbicide mixtures for thirteen years since 1990. The apparent SU resistance observed in S. planiculmis was completely confirmed in greenhouse tests. The GR50 values of 6 SU herbicides for SU-resistant biotypes were 47 to 100 times higher than those for SU-susceptible biotypes. The I50 values of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl to acetolactate synthase (ALS) extracted from SU-resistant and -susceptible S. planiculmis were 409 nM and 0.8 nM, respectively. The I50 value of the resistant biotype was 511 times higher than that of the susceptible biotype. The germination and growth rate from corm and seed of SU-resistant S. planiculmis under growth chamber were high with the rise of temperature, and the degrees of those were greater in corm than seed. In the interspecific competition according to SU-resistant S. planiculmi density in constant the rice 3 plants under wet direct seeded rice, the growth of rice decreased with the increase of S. planiculmi density and significant differences were from 6 plants of S. planiculmi density. Several herbicides having different mechanism of action from SU herbicides, such as benzobicyclone and HAR had excellent controlling effects on the SU-resistant S. planiculmi in the pot and paddy rice field experiment.


In this work, we have deposited the diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating on the tungsten carbide (WC) tool insert using the thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. For the growth of DLC coating, sugarcane bagasse was used as a carbon precursor. Raman spectroscopy, a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to confirm the presence of DLC coating on the tungsten carbide tool inserts. The hardness tests were also performed for inspecting the microhardness induced by the self-developed DLC coating on the tungsten carbide (WC) tool insert. To determine the optimum process parameters for the turning operation on an aluminum (6061) workpiece using a self-developed DLC-coated tungsten carbide (WC) tool insert, we have applied the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methods. The process parameters considered for the optimization were feed rate, cutting speed, and depth of cut. Whereas chosen response variables were flank wear, temperature in the cutting zone, and surface roughness. TOPSIS is utilized to analyze the effects of selected input parameters on the selected output parameters. This study in this paper revealed that it was advantageous to develop the DLC coating on the tungsten carbide tool inserts for the machining applications. The results also revealed that a 0.635 mm depth of cut, feed rate of 0.2 mm/rev, and cutting speed of 480 m/min were the optimum combination of process parameters.


The rates of degradation of simazine and linuron were measured in soil from plots not treated previously with these herbicides. Degradation of both compounds followed first-order kinetics and soil temperature and soil moisture content had a marked effect on the rate of loss. With linuron, half-lives increased from 36 to 106 days with a reduction in temperature from 30° to 5°C at 4% soil moisture, and from 29 to 83 days at 12% soil moisture. Similar temperature changes increased the half-life of simazine from 29 to 209 days and from 16 to 125 days at soil moisture contents of 4 and 12% respectively. A computer program which has been developed for simulation of herbicide persistence was used in conjunction with the laboratory data and the relevant meteorological records for the years 1964 to 1968 in order to test the model against previously published field persistence data for the two herbicides. The results with simazine showed a close correspondence between observed and predicted residue levels but those for linuron, particularly in uncropped plots, were satisfactory for limited periods only.


In this work we have studied the effects of isothermal multiplicity on the determination of the activation energy in ammonia oxidation over platinum wires. By including the activity in the rate expression and following the treatment proposed by Luss et al. (1980), it was possible to unify reported data on this reaction. Experimental results show that, in the multiplicity region, the reaction rate order is zero and the characteristic activation energy is 3.4 kcal/mol.


Abstract Functional analyses of problem behavior for 4 young boys with developmental delays showed that problem behaviors were maintained by both negative and positive reinforcement. Functional communication training was conducted with one set of training stimuli in which the child's mother presented a work task in the family living room. Pretreatment probes were conducted with up to 10 sets of generalization stimuli that varied across tasks, settings, and people. Post treatment probes were conducted across the same generalization stimulus sets. Results for four dependent variables (problem behavior, task completion, manding, and social interactions) indicated that (a) problem behavior occurred across some but not all generalization stimulus sets during pretreatment; (b) following training, reductions of 90% or greater were observed within the context of the training stimuli; (c) reductions in problem behavior were observed for 70% of the post treatment generalization stimulus sets, but the reductions were not as large (M = 61%) as those observed with the training stimuli; and (d) the most consistent change observed during post treatment probes of generalization stimulus sets was increased task completion. Parents of all participants completed a behavior rating form and reported reductions in problem behavior across activities. Keywords: stimulus generalization, FCT, response generalization, developmental disabilities, severe problem behavior. ********** Functional communication training (FCT) has been an effective procedure for reducing the occurrence of problem behavior and increasing appropriate communicative responses for people who engage in destructive behaviors that are maintained by social stimuli, such as gaining attention, gaining access to preferred items, or escaping task demands (e.g., Brown et al., 2000; Carr & Durand, 1985; Fisher, Kuhn, & Thompson, 1998; Hanley, Iwata, & Thompson, 2001; Wacker et al., 1998). To date, the majority of research on FCT has focused on the effects of treatment within a specific training context, and the evaluations have been limited to the short-term effects of FCT on the occurrence of problem behavior and appropriate communication. To further evaluate FCT, analyses are needed on both stimulus generalization (e.g., responding across untrained antecedent stimuli such as persons, tasks, and settings) and changes in other positive social responses, such task completion and social interactions, following the completion of FCT. A few studies have evaluated the effects of FCT on behavior beyond the training context (Durand & Carr, 1991, 1992; and Durand, 1999). Durand and Carr (1991) demonstrated that reductions in problem behavior and increases in appropriate communication were maintained across untrained contexts (classroom settings, novel care providers) following FCT for 3 boys whose problem behavior was maintained by escape from academic demands. The reductions in problem behavior were maintained across non-trained stimuli over a 2-year period for 2 of the 3 participants without additional training. Similarly, Durand (1999) taught students with severe disabilities to use augmentative communication devices in their classroom to request stimuli that had been identified as maintaining problem behavior. In each case, FCT resulted in increased use of the communication device and a reduction in problem behavior in the classroom. Furthermore, use of the device increased and problem behavior decreased in community settings following the completion of FCT. Derby et al. (1997) evaluated the effects of FCT across multiple dependent variables including problem behavior, manding, toy play, and positive social behaviors with 4 young children over a 2-year period. Derby et al. demonstrated that the effects of FCT were not limited to problem behavior and manding, which were consequated directly within the FCT package. The results showed that gains in toy play and positive social behaviors occurred and were maintained for the 2-year period. …


: An investigation has been made into the numerical solution of non-singular Fredholm integral equations by obtaining the expansion of the unknown function $f(x)$ in a series of derived Chebyshev polynomials. The solution of the eigen-value problem i.e. to find those values of the parameter for which the homogeneous integral equation possesses non-trivial solution has also been considered.


The objective of the present study is to discuss beneficial use of life cycle based assessment (LCA) for the decision-making on implementing local biomass projects. Focusing on a local biomass project in Miura City, Kanagawa Prefecture, we conducted document and interview surveys to clarify the introduction process of the project and examined when and how LCA can be used during the introduction process. The present study suggests that there are three possibilities in the production process to evaluate environmental and socio-economic impacts using LCA, namely, prospective, design and retrospective evaluations. In the Miura biomass project, although the planners did not conduct any evaluation of the project, they think that the prospective evaluation would have been beneficial because it can help get a consensus among the Congress and local stakeholders. The prospective evaluation using LCA can contribute to the design of a more effective project and the achievement of accountability in the earlier phases of local biomass projects by providing quantitative and objective information. Thus, the development of a practical method for the prospective evaluation of local biomass projects is required in the future.


This paper first discusses the past patterns of the national medical care expenditure and its future path. About 30 percent of the past growth was due to population aging and the remaining 70 percent was due to technological change. The medical expenditure is expected to increase by about 20 percent in 20 years due to population aging. The latter half of the paper focuses on a reform plan of the health insurance for the elderly and presents some policy recommendations. One of the most serious problems in the health care market is that virtually no agents evaluate the quality of medical services or help improve it. It has not been clarified whether the rising medical costs are the result of waste or of necessity. Reform should attempt to make insurers play a more active role in the health care market as informed agents of patients. Dramatic outsourcing of the health insurance business to the private sector should be promoted.


Bank regulation is a basic theme in this dissertation. More extensively, the dissertation focuses on bank panics, deposit insurance and on problems in bank-depositor relationships.


The objective of the study is to analyze the customer switching behavior of the ready to drink (RTD) tea.  Switching behavior is a form of customer loyalty that reflects on proportion of purchase in certain period of time.  This study aims to analyze the influence of marketing mix dimension on customer satisfaction and switching  behavior. Data was collected by survey method and personal interview using questionnaire. The sample was  selected by quota sampling method (n=154, 40 percent from Jakarta, 20 percent from Bogor, 20 percent from  Tangerang, and 20 percent from Bekasi). The variables of this research were marketing mix dimension, consisted  of five aspects are product's quality, price, availability, products' communication, and brand reputation. The  marketing mix dimensions were analyzed by descriptive analysis methods and Structural Equation Model (SEM)  to examine its associate with satisfaction and switching behavior. The result showed that products' quality and  brand reputation significantly associated with customer satisfaction. Switching behavior of ready to drink (RTD)  tea conducted by consumer when there was no availibility of the desired brands.


The aim of this paper is to build a opinion and trust based collaborative decision making which has deviation in decision making. The idea in a collaborative decision making involves number of options or opinions given by the group of experts and it is very concerned more about how to proceed, where in which involving number of choices to take decision. Many types of decision models can be studied and will be used by the experts to solve problems. To understand decision making models it allows experts to make intentional choices about which model (opinions) might be most appropriate for the various decisions that they comfort. Mechanisms for trust can be used to find the single correct decision among many decision models (opinions).


Full arguments for adaptability of geological condition are the premise to develop shallow geothermal resources using the technology of Water Source Heat Pump(WSHP) reasonably.Division and assessment in areas suitable for shallow geothermal energy are based on geological condition and hydrogeological condition.In terms of geological condition and hydrogeological condition,there are three strata structure areas in Changchun City,which are the west area of Jiajiawazi-Balipu-Xinglonggou,Jiajiawazi-Balipu-Xinglonggou bedrock fissure water area with the scarp east to the terrace of the west bank of Yitong river and the Yitong valley area.The evaluation index system of WSHP has been established to give an assessment of suitability in the three strata structure areas by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.The system is divided into three layers: the target layer,the sub-target layer,and the index layer.The sub-target layer contains the hydrogeological condition,the quality of groundwater,the temperature of groundwater.The index layer contains the thickness of aquifer and the other eight indicators.The conclusions are draw that areaⅠ is not suitable for WSHP,areaⅡ and Ⅲ are both suitable for developing shallow geothermal resources.It is considered that the conclusions are of instructive significance for developing shallow geothermal energy in Changchun City.


Liquid-phase suspension photocatalysis of TiO2 nanoparticles usually accompanies drawbacks such as particle agglomeration, UV hindrance and difficult recovery process. Immobilizing the nanoparticles on polymeric fibers provides an effective solution to these problems. In this study, electrospun PAN-based nanofiber composites containing MWCNTs and P25-TiO2 are prepared, in order to eliminate the drawbacks regarding liquid-phase suspension photocatalysis, and to enhance the long-term stability of the composites. Under appropriate experimental parameters, composite fibers with diameter of few hundred nanometers are successfully produced. TiO2 particles are uniformly embbed in the nanofibers, and the composites still exhibit superior photocatalytic performances. The Methylene Blue (MB) photodegradation efficiencies are comparable between samples containing MWCNTs and those without MWCNTs. Besides, the nanocomposites possess reusability; MB degradation efficiency is maintained at approximately 90% during 5 runs of use for both samples. Furthermore, upon 20 hours UV irradiation, the composite containing MWCNTs shows less damaged fiber morphology than that without MWCNTs. According to MB degradation experiment, over 90% MB are degraded upon 4 hours UV irradiation; hence, the addition of MWCNTs provides sufficient stability to the composites.


This work presents preliminary findings from a pilot study researching the complementary and similarity effect of personality of robots on children ($\mathbf{N}=22$). We aim to advance research on robot personality by using a pairwise robot comparison study, a novel method in HRI. Our findings show that the attributed gender and the voice of the robots were the main reasons given for a preference. Based on the preliminary data we hypothesize that boys have a preference for the robot with the same gender as themselves.


By using the climatological mean daily value from the 10-year objective analysis dataset and the 12year OLR data, the enhancement of the Asian summer monsoon activity, which occurs intermittently with a period of 30-60 days, is examined. In particular, this work describes the seasonal phase lock of the intraseasonal variation (ISV). In the northern hemisphere summer, the enhancement of the connective activity and the low-level monsoon westerlies is evident along 10°N around early June and middle July over the Indian Ocean and around middle June and late July to early August and early-middle September over the western Pacific. The enhancement is also found around late May and middle July over the equatorial Indian Ocean. The first enhancement in late May and early June over the Indian Ocean corresponds to the climatological monsoon onset, dated June 1 in the South India and in southern Japan. The second enhancement in late July over the western Pacific is accompanied by a rather abrupt change. The monsoon westerlies in the lower latitude suddenly extend to the western Pacific up to 150°E. The penetration of the westerlies to the subtropical western Pacific is associated with the eastward propagation of the ISV from the Arabian Sea and the equatorial Indian Ocean in middle July. The westerlies over the subtropical western Pacific result in cyclonic circulation over the western Pacific and anti-cyclonic circulation over Japan, which brings the withdrawal of the Baiu and the summer season in Japan.


Soon after the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) was formed in 1972, agency administrators realized that in order to make appropriate decisions for environmental regulation, they must be assured that data being generated by the agency and the 50 states were valid and legally defensible. Thus in 1979, USEPA established a mandatory quality assurance (QA) program for all data generated by or for the agency. QA responsibilities were assigned to the Office of Research and Development. QA guidance in water chemistry and microbiology was assigned to the Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory (EMSL) in Cincinnati, Ohio, and QA guidance in water radiochemistry became the responsibility of the EMSL in Las Vegas, Nevada.


Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is provoked by an autoimmune assault against pancreatic β cells. Exercise training enhances β‐cell mass in T1D. Here, we investigated how exercise signals β cells in T1D condition. For this, we used several approaches. Wild‐type and IL‐6 knockout (KO) C57BL/6 mice were exercised. Afterward, islets from control and trained mice were exposed to inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β plus IFN‐γ). Islets from control mice and β‐cell lines (INS‐1E and MIN6) were incubated with serum from control or trained mice or medium obtained from 5‐aminoimidazole‐4 carboxamide 1‐β‐d‐ribofuranoside (AICAR)‐treated C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Subsequently, islets and β cells were exposed to IL‐1β plus IFN‐γ. Proteins were assessed by immunoblotting, apoptosis was determined by DNA‐binding dye propidium iodide fluorescence, and NO* was estimated by nitrite. Exercise reduced 25, 75, and 50% of the IL‐1β plus IFN‐γ‐induced iNOS, nitrite, and cleaved caspase‐3 content, respectively, in pancreatic islets. Serum from trained mice and medium from AICAR‐treated C2C12 cells reduced β‐cell death, induced by IL‐1β plus IFN‐γ treatment, in 15 and 38%, respectively. This effect was lost in samples treated with IL‐6 inhibitor or with serum from exercised IL‐6 KO mice. In conclusion, muscle contraction signals β‐cell survival in T1D through IL‐6.—Paula, F.M.M., Leite, N. C., Vanzela, E. C., Kurauti, M. A., Freitas‐Dias, R., Carneiro, E. M., Boschero, A. C., Zoppi, C. C. Exercise increases pancreatic β‐cell viability in a model of type 1 diabetes through IL‐6 signaling. FASEB J. 29, 1805‐1816 (2015). www.fasebj.org


Exclusive p-p correlations from the {sup 58}Ni+{sup 58}Ni reaction at 850 MeV have been measured. The Dependence of the p-p correlations on the emitting fragment`s velocity were studied for different velocities of the two proton center of mass. The dependence of the correlation function on the relative angle between the two proton c.m and the fragment velocities as well its dependence on the orientation of {Delta}p with respect to the plane defined by the fragment and the two-proton center of mass velocities were measured to deduce average particle emission times and emission source sizes from the correlation data.


Access to quality child care and education is an important support feature for Early Childhood Development children (ECD) in societies. This study investigated the culture of inclusion of children with hearing impairment within primary school setting. The objective of this study was to establish the current status of inclusion regarding ECD children who are deaf. A qualitative case study methodology, where data was collected using observations, indepth and focus group interviews from a sample of participants consisting of school heads, parents and teachers from three public primary schools in Masvingo Urban was used. Most participants reported positive attitudes towards the philosophy of inclusion. Findings also reflected that ECD services are not easily accessible to children with hearing impairment (HI). Conventional schools prefer children with mild hearing problems to those who are totally hard of hearing. This is because of inadequate training in special education, lack of resources, late discovery of the deafness and high teacher-pupil ratio. It is concluded that ECD centres require improved access, specialist teachers, adequate support in terms of assistive technologies and positive attitude from school Heads, parents, teachers and Education Officers as critical stakeholders to raise awareness and increase support for deaf ECD children.


Departamento de F{sica Universidad Nacional de La Plata C. C. 67, La Plata, Argentina February 25, 1972; revised May 16, 1972 Usually, vacuum quantum number exchange is parametrized in terms of the socalled P and P' trajectories. We recall that P' is associated to the exchange corresponding to thef0 (1260) meson, built from direct channel resonances in the dual sense.0 In this note we want to critically review the main phenomenological results concerning P' and present some arguments showing that this singularity may not be considered on an equal footing with the ordinary Regge trajectories, i.e., p, (J), etc. Let us begin by recalling the difficulties faced by phenomenological analysis of 1r:-N and K-N elastic scattering in connection with the P' singularity. Barger and Phillips2> obtained for the P' trajectory aP'=0.56+0.86t with a three pole fit to 1r:-N elastic scattering data, using continuous moment sum rules. Its extrapolation up to the value m}o (square of the f 0 mass) gives a value close to the integer 2, so the first requirement to identify P' with f 0 exchange is fulfilled. The situation is less clear with respect to the P' residue function where we need an extrapolation procedure to check its consistency with the value of the residue of the corresponding amplitude at the f 0 pole, as computed by other methods. In Ref. 2), the following ansatz is proposed for the P' residue function in the A'<+>Tt-N amplitude:**>


The module is provided for implementing a handoff and / or to optimize the quality of the network protocol stack (308). The module is a parent (transparent) Transparent to the application 306 using the network protocol stack 308, and the network protocol stack (308). The module includes a session detector 402 and the auxiliary manager 410. The module includes a request interceptor 404, the request analyzer 406 and the controller 408. Session detector 402 detects the original session from host computer to the remote host. Secondary session manager 410 supports the original session to be opened, and manage a plurality of secondary session. Request interceptor 404 to detect the original request issued by the application, the original request is to search for specific content. Request analyzer 406 analyzes the intercepted original request. Controller 408 retrieves the content based on the analysis result using the original session and the secondary session. Session detector, the request interceptor, the request analyzer, request controller, the secondary session manager


I describe a closed-form solution to the problem extracting shape information from image shading that uses only biologically plausible linear filters together with point nonlinearities. I then describe how, by adding a temporal dimension to this simple shape from shading mechanism, it may be extended to produce estimates of surface reflectance, object rotation, and surface shape from the photometric effects of object motion.


The leaves explants from Eustoma sp. were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 6-BA,KT,NAA and IBA of different densities to induce regeneration plants. The results indicated that the callus can be induced on all medium of MS+6-BA 0.5~1.0 mg/L(Unit is the same as follows)+NAA 0.2 and MS+6-BA 0.5~1.0+IBA 0.2,but the density of 6-BA can not exceed 1.0 mg/L,otherwise,it will cause serious vitrification;At the same time,on these medium of MS+KT 1.0~2.0+NAA 0.2 or MS+KT 1.0~2.0+IBA 0.2,callus can also be induced early and its texture is better for differentiation. When subculturing,MS medium only supplemented with 6-BA 0.5 or KT 0.5 can obtain higher frequency of differentiation. When studying root regeneration culture,the explants that has been pretreated with culture liquid of 1/2 MS+50 g/L sucrose+IBA 2 mg/L had better root regeneration and root regeneration frequency was close to medium culture's.