Google's highly successful business model is based on selling words that appear in search queries. Organizing several million of auctions per minute, the company has created the first global linguistic market and demonstrated that linguistic capitalism is a lucrative business domain, one in which billions of dollars can be realized per year. Google's services need to be interpreted form this perspective. This article argues that linguistic capitalism implies not an economy of attention but an economy of expression. As several million users worldwide daily express themselves through one of Google's interfaces, the texts they produce are systematically mediated by algorithms. In this new context, natural languages could progressively evolve to seamlessly integrate the linguistic biases of algorithms and the economical constraints of the global linguistic economy. Representations 127. Summer 2014 © The Regents of the University of California. ISSN 0734-6018, electronic ISSN 1533-855X, pages 57–63. All rights reserved. Direct requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content to the University of California Press at http://www.ucpressjournals.com/reprintinfo.asp. DOI: 10.1525/rep.2014.127.4.57. 57 engines and, by the beginning of the year 2000, Google was the most popular portal for accessing information on the World Wide Web. This algorithm relies heavily on the blind mechanisms of so-called collective intelligence. It functions well if document creators ignore the existence of the ranking and if actors do not deliberately try to create content to enhance their scoring artificially. As expected, in the last ten years, many algorithms have been developed to deceive Google's ranking criteria. Such algorithms optimize textual and intertextual content to push content further in the search results. Google has kept updating its methods for detecting those algorithmically produced fake contents, but text-producing algorithms have continued to improve their ability to outwit Google's countermeasures. This is how the first ''linguistic war'' on the Internet, characterized by the first massive production of algorithmic texts on the Word Wide Web, started. I will discuss some of its multiple implications later in this article. In March 2000, the ''Internet bubble'' collapsed, and many ''start-ups'' offering good use value but no exchange value went bankrupt. Most of their business models were based on selling advertising space on high-traffic web pages, hoping that the popularity of their services would motivate high prices. Again, Google's founders had a clever intuition. They realized that they were accumulating a form of linguistic capital as the number of Google's users continued to grow, and to enter ever-larger numbers of search queries. Google managed to transform this linguistic capital into actual money by organizing an algorithmic auction model for selling keywords. The principle of this system is well known. Every time a user views search results on Google, several sponsored links with a short text are presented. Advertisers pay only if Google displays their ad and users click on the link. In order to choose what ad to display, an algorithm organizes a bidding process in three steps. First, advertisers select a keyword—for instance ''vacation''—and define the maximum price they would be ready to pay if a user arrives on their site by clicking on the link of the ad. To help advertisers, Google gives an estimate of the amount one needs to offer to have a reasonable chance of being among the selected ads. However, a high bid does not automatically guarantee selection. Second, Google associates a quality score with the ad. This figure, ranging from 1 to 10, evaluates the global ''quality'' of the ad, which is computed through a complex combination of various factors, including the relevance of the text ad regarding the keyword, the average number of clicks on the ad, and the performance and quality of the linked website. This score measures how well the ad is working (remember that Google is only making money if users actually click on the advertiser link). The exact computation method is kept secret and can be changed at any time by Google.


definition of the second projection of a pair: We define Second(y, p) as (∃P.Proj(p, P )∧ (∀z.Proj(z, P )→ Proj(y, z)) ∧(∃q.q ∈ [=] ∧ Proj(q, P )) ∧¬(∃x.(∀u.Proj(u, P )→ First(x, u)))) This formula asserts of p and y that there is a pair P such that P has p as one of its projections and y as a projection of each of the projections of P (so y is one of the projections of p), and P has a projection in [=] (which must be (y, y)) and the two projections of P do not have the same first projection (so the other projection of P must be of the form (z, y) with z 6= y): now we see that y is the second projection of both of the projections of P and so of p, so this formula implies that y is the second projection of p. If y is the second projection of p (and x is the first) then any P = ((z, y), (y, y)), where z = x ↔ x 6= y, will witness the truth of this formula, so the formula says precisely that y is the second projection of p.


Recent evidence suggests that chronic administration of Ginseng can improve cognitive performance in animals and in humans. No previous study has examined the possibility of cognitive effects following single doses of Ginseng in healthy adults. The present study investigated whether acute administration of Ginseng (G115, Pharmaton SA) had any consistent effect on mood and four aspects of cognitive performance ("Quality of Memory", "Speed of Memory", "Quality of Attention" and "Speed of Attention") that can be derived by factor analysis of the Cognitive Drug Research computerised assessment battery. The study followed a placebo-controlled, double-blind, balanced, crossover design. Twenty healthy young adult volunteers received 200,400, and 600 mg of G115, and a matching placebo, in counterbalanced order, with a 7 day wash-out period between treatments. Following a baseline cognitive assessment, further test sessions took place 1, 2.5, 4 and 6h after the day's treatment The most striking result was a significant improvement in "Quality of Memory" and the associated "Secondary Memory" factor at all time points following 400 mg of Ginseng. Both the 200 and 600 mg doses were associated with a significant decrement of the "Speed of Attention" factor at later testing times only. Subjective ratings of alertness were also reduced 6h following the two lowest doses. To the best of our knowledge this represents the first demonstration of a modulation of mood and cognitive performance by acute administration of Ginseng.


The article considers the features of the phenomenon of praise as a subject of research in various disciplines; the connection of praise with philosophy, psychology, sociology and linguistics is analyzed; such sections of psychology as pedagogical, social and management psychology and the influence of praise on them are considered in detail; the linguistic character of praise in German and Ukrainian is determined; the conclusion on the complex analysis of the phenomenon of praise in the field of linguistics, genealogy and linguistics of the text is made. At the current stage, language development and change are often the subject of interdisciplinary research. This also applies to praise. It was seen as a phenomenon of philosophy that regarded it as a direct projection of good and defined it as a natural ability to characterize the object of interest. Praise as a psychological phenomenon is defined in the form of information about the opportuneness of the act and positive assessment. Praise embodies an important element of psychology – motivation, which appears as an incentive element to action. We consider praise from a linguistic point of view in the form of sincere approval, expression of positive attitude to the addressee, his actions, deeds, personal characteristics (thoughts, qualities), objects and things belonging to the interests or activities of the addressee so as to psychologically and emotionally affect the addressee and its stimulation to further activity in this direction. The study of a complex and multifaceted phenomenon of praise requires taking into consideration different approaches to its comprehension. Features of the cognitive processes of human consciousness have become the subject of study of humanities, including philosophy, psychology and sociology. Philosophy appears here with a combination of questions about good and evil, the relationship between man and the world, which have served as topics for discussion since ancient times. Psychology considers the features and patterns of human behavior, thinking, states and qualities of man. The proposed research considers praise as primarily a linguistic concept in the framework of pragmalinguistics and text linguistics. Each of these disciplines expands and enriches research and in general represents a single set of sciences. For this reason, the need for a brief analysis of the problem of praise in terms of liberal sciences has arisen. The connection between philosophy and the concept of praise is easy to trace. The implementation of praise requires, first of all, an object that should be characterized in accordance with the general evaluative ethical categories of "good" and "evil". Things, concepts, actions, which are classified as "good", deserve praise. What belongs to the category of "good" and what to "evil", the definition of these concepts, their characteristics – is one of the issues of philosophy, which has caused debate since ancient times. To bring about praise as a speech action, certain mental processes of a person, which help them to know and characterize the object of attention, are important. These include: feelings, perception, thinking, imagination, and so on. The formation of praise is based on significant psycho-emotional principles inherent in man. An important element of praise is the stimulus. Motivation in praise is one of the incentive tools of psychology. The way of implementation of praise depends on a person's psychological features. It helps in the field of education and upbringing, forms interpersonal relationships and helps to improve the results of work in public life. Alongside with research in the fields of philosophy and psychology, praise is also studied by linguistics. The linguistic nature of praise forms the basis of the proposed research, because the object of study is embodied primarily through specific language tools. Linguistic explorations of praise can be traced within studies of many native and foreign linguists, who have examined it in various aspects and areas of implementation. The purpose of the proposed article is a multifaceted approach and analysis of praise, in order to determine the research paradigm. Accordingly, the objectives of the article were as follows: to consider praise as a subject of various disciplines; analyze the relationship of praise with philosophy, psychology, sociology and pragmatics; determine the significance of the theory of speech acts, speech genres and text linguistics for the studied phenomenon. The following methods were used in the study: "analysis through synthesis" method, which contributed to the knowledge and awareness of the phenomenon of praise, the variety of its manifestations in different sciences; descriptive analysis made it possible to describe praise in each of the considered disciplines. As a result of the analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: for the proposed research, it is interesting to study the praise in terms of linguistics and pragmatics. An analysis of previous studies of this phenomenon in other languages has led to the conclusion that praise can be expressed by a speech act, or a speech genre, or even be represented by a type of text. Consequently, such versatility of praise determines its complex, multifaceted analysis using two approaches – linguo-pragmatic and rhetorical-stylistic.


This volume in German comprises an atlas prepared to help in histological diagnosis of tumors of the central nervous system. A total of 255 pages is divided into a general part of about 30 pages, a special part of 140 pages, and a comprehensive list of literature covering over 60 pages. The tumors treated in this volume are restricted to primary neoplasms occurring intracranially; metastatic neoplasms and space occupying lesions other than neoplasms are excluded. In the general part ("allgemeiner Teil") different classifications of tumors of the nervous system by various scholars are introduced. Among them the views of German neuropathologists, especially the concepts of ZULCE are most highly regarded. On the other hand, the views of American researchers like ZIMMERMAN and those of general pathologists seem to the reviewer something worth putting more emphasis on. The special part ("spezieller Teil") is the most important in this volume. For every kind of tumor typical cases are carefully selected and their light micrographs and, if necessary, also the macroscopic photographs are beautifully shown. Especially valuable are the case of medulloepithelioma (Chapter A, 1) and gangliocytoma (Chapter A, 11) and the illustrations of these extremely rare tumors are the highlight of this volume. There is still much controversy concerning the classification of intracranial neoplasms and it may be impossible for the author of a book of this kind to be free of criticism or opposition from every researcher in this field. Nevertheless, the reviewer wishes to comment on pinealoma which is treated in Chapter A, 10. In Japan, the incidence of "teratoma (RUSSEL and RUBINSTEIN)" involving the pineal area is apparently more than ten times as high as that in American and European countries, and this is one of the rather common tumors of the brain. We Japanese neuropathologists have experienced many cases of teratoma involving only sites other than the pineal body, and are aware that the comment in this book, "Ektopische Pinealome sind fraglich...," is inappropriate. Socalled ectopic pinealomas are not questionable. Moreover, tumors of teratomatous type do not necessarily signify the tumors derived from the pineal body. For these reasons, the reviewer believes that the title of the chapter now in discussion should be revised to "tumors in and around the pineal body." The term "ectopic pinealoma" itself is not suitable as it easily causes misunderstanding, and the above mentioned sentence, "Ectopic pinealomas are questionable," should thus be revised to "teratomas involving the ventricle wall...." Malignant lymphoma which may primarily involve the central nervous system is appropriately dealt with in Chapter C, 2, under the title of "Sarkome des retikularen Bindegewebes." Tumors which are generally considered as socalled giant cell glioblastomas are treated in Chapter C, 3 as "sogenannte monstrozellulare Sarkome" (ZULCH). Electron microscopic findings, experimental aspects of brain tumors and chemical and other biological evidence are not included in the text. Probably the readers of this book would not expect information of these kinds. The list of literature, on the other hand, seems useful for researchers, covering a considerable amount of related literature up to 1976, written in German, English and other languages.


Abstract In many public policy problems, we need to estimate the way in which policy changes affect people's behavior. In the analysis of tax and subsidy reform—the topic of this article—we need to know how tax-induced price changes affect the amounts that people buy of the taxed goods. We present various economic and statistical approaches to obtaining the required estimates. We consider the standard structural methods in economics, where the behavior and welfare of individual agents are captured simultaneously by the specification of utility functions whose parameters are to be estimated. We argue that these methods are less useful than alternatives that directly consider the derivatives of the regression function of average behavior. We consider both parametric and nonparametric estimators of these derivatives in the context of price reform for foods in Pakistan, focussing on the advantages and disadvantages of "average derivative estimation" (ADE). ADE is attractive in principle, because it directly e...


The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the significance of undulated planes of architectural landscape methodology, to assess if the methodology had potential to be a sustainable architectural model, to be experimented in future. To achieve this purpose, the historical origins and changes of the landscape is discussed to analyse how it influenced modern architecture. Then the effects of panoramic sensibility derived from the picturesque garden is analysed to evaluate the influence it had on the change of the perception of space and modern architecture and landscape design strategy. Then 1980s and 1990s' symposiums and landscape theories are examined. To find pivotal moment of merging landscape and architecture, the design schemes of Bernard Tchumi and OMA for La Villette competition are selected as manifestations to show co-existence of landscape and architecture. Afterwards Yokohama ferry terminal is analyzed to present the undulated planes deployed for the union of landscape and architecture, to the affect of uninterrupted spatial connectivity. The impact of undulated plane on interior is explored in analysis of Rolex Learning Center, consequently changing the relationship within functions of the interior and the role of circulation. Finally, the spatial characteristics and significance of undulated plane is explored. The spatial characteristics are, the relationship beyond the visual connection through seamless connection; the multiple access paths and discard of transition space thereby diminishing boundaries; the environmentalization of architecture by spatializing circulation and promoting in-hierarchy. The significance of undulated planes are, the synthesis form of architectural typology; the cultivation of public sense; the closest spatial type to the space of appearance referred to by Hannah Arendt.


This paper discusses the process of designing a parallel linear regulated power supply,and simulates its output voltage and load capacity with multisim software.The simulation result is that its output voltage (15.785V) conforms to the theoretical design (15V).When the load resistor (R6) is taken 325Ω,775Ω,555Ω,1,000Ω,the output voltages is 17.348V.The simulation result reveals that the parallel linear regulated power supply has the advantage of "low-power resistance".Compared with the series regulator,the parallel linear regulated power supply can more efficiently improve the sound quality of the audio power amplifier when it is put into the practice.Through the simulation result and practical use,it comes conclusion that the parallel linear power supply can be applied in the high-fidelity audio power amplifier and can improve its sound quality.


We argue that both business history and social science studies of family firms often neglect the family qua family, in particular paying insufficient attention to the emotional elements of family as they affect family firms, separating out one from the other as distinctive variables, and treating each from a rationalising perspective. Adopting a microhistorical approach we use the case of succession at Josiah Wedgwood & Sons to argue that consideration of emotions and sensibilities provides new insight into behaviour at this world-famous firm.


The present invention enhances the ability to accurately ablate cryoablation target surgeon is selected, an available cryoablation to limit to the selected target, is a system and method for accurate cryoablation . Apparatus and method for accurately defining the cryoablation volume for damage to tissue surrounding the cryoablation volume to a minimum is provided. Further, cryoprobe (200) operable to heat a method for gentle heating of tissue during cryoablation, and the second tissue at the same time when the first tissue cooling is also provided. .The 17


The aim of this study was to evaluate the opinion and knowledge of a Hellenic Army person- nel sample, regarding variable aspects of oral hygiene in two military camps. This sample was examined in two small dental military hospitals, the first in Komotini and the second in Syros island and an appropriate anonymous questionnaire was completed. The questionnaire included the follow- ing variables: sex, age, military rank and four questions about oral health and oral hygiene habits. The questionnaires were reliably filled in by 136 soldiers and 118 officers and non-commis- sioned officers (108 males, 10 females) of the camp in Komotini and 148 soldiers and 107 officers and non-commissioned officers (99 males, 8 females) of the camp in Syros island. The results processed by chi-square (x2) method, showed that the majority (70,9%) of the questioned of the camp in Komotini was aware of the nature of dental plaque compared to 65,5% of the questioned of the camp in Syros island. The questionnaire also revealed that the questioned correctly were aware of the methods to control the development of dental plaque. The mentioned methods are the following: tooth-brush- ing 100,0% for both camps, oral floss 73,2% and 45,5%, oral solution 76,8% and 63,1% of the ques- tioned of the camp in Komotini and Syros island, respectively. This study also showed that the tooth- brushing control method is the most frequent for dental plaque control (63,4% and 65,5% of the questioned of the camp in Komotini and Syros island, respectively). According to the above atti- tude of the questioned, we could recommend the necessity of a wide, reliable and responsible informing for all aspects of preventive dentistry which is certainly the basic factor for the good oral health. The Hellenic Armed Forces which are dis- tinguished for their organized structure and func- tion could be the ideal place for such an attempt.


In the field of Automated Planning there is often the need for a set of planning problems from a particular domain, e.g., to be used as training data for Machine Learning or as benchmarks in planning competitions. In most cases, these problems are created either by hand or by a domain-specific generator, putting a burden on the human designers. In this paper we propose NeSIG, to the best of our knowledge the first domain-independent method for automatically generating planning problems that are valid, diverse and difficult to solve. We formulate problem generation as a Markov Decision Process and train two generative policies with Deep Reinforcement Learning to generate problems with the desired properties. We conduct experiments on several classical domains, comparing our method with handcrafted domain-specific generators that generate valid and diverse problems but do not optimize difficulty. The results show NeSIG is able to automatically generate valid problems of greater difficulty than the competitor approaches, while maintaining good diversity.


The internet of things (IoT) aims to extend the internet to real-world objects, connecting smart and sensing devices into a global network infrastructure by connecting physical and virtual objects. The IoT has the potential to increase the quality of life of inhabitants and users of intelligent ambient assisted living (AAL) environments. The paper overviews and discusses the IoT technologies and their foreseen impacts and challenges for the AAL domain. The results of this review are summarized as the IoT based gerontechnology acceptance model for the assisted living domain. The model focuses on the acceptance of new technologies by older people and underscores the need for the adoption of the IoT for the AAL domain.


This report is to describe and discuss the surgical treatment of cancer of the thoracic esophagus based upon 583 cases of the esophagus treated by us in the past three years.To improve the end result of the treatment of cancer of this organ, detection of cancer in the earlier stage must be important, however, in fact, a frequent discovery of cancer in the progresssed stage is not uncommon.For cancer in the progressed stage, the authors believe the combined treatment of surgery and irradiation best.Recently, the authors treated 100 cases of cancer of the thoracic esophagus with preoperative irradiation of 200 R per day till the total dose of 600 R. After completion of the radiotherapy, surgical intervention was performed.As the result, in 60.0% of irradiated cases radical surgery was successful, while in 46.6% of un-irradiated cases. And five year survival was 25% with the combined treatment, but was 13% with the single treatment of surgery. However, as to lymph node metastasis found at the time of surgery in the irradiated cases of cancer of the thoracic esophagus, metastasis was 29.5% in the distant lymph nodes of the paratracheal chain, 34.0% in the cardial nodes, 18.4% in the periarterial lymph nodes of the right gastric artery.From the above result, it was concluded that the treatment of cancer of the thoracic esophagus was most effective with the combined treatment of surgery and irradiation, and the type of operation should be decided with regard to compleet removal of the tumor of the esophagus and of the regional lymph nodes in a wide extent, and that the more improvement of the end result of the treatment of cancer of the thoracic esophagus can be achieved with the combination of irradiation and surgery and, moreover, the use of anticancerous drug as the systemic treatment.


In order for an explosion to occur in a cargo tank there must be fuel, oxygen and a source of ignition. The majority of the tanker industry attempts to prevent explosions by making the tank atmosphere too rich for ignition. This process has become extremely difficult in the newer large tankers and is relatively unsuccessful. Tanker owners are now turning to the use of tank inerting systems which prevent explosions by reducing the oxygen content of the atmosphere in the tank. Inerting is presently felt to be the most effective system but has one great drawback in that the maintenance of the inerting system is a constant consideration. There is no shoreside company offering complete system maintenance. Alternative systems of explosion prevention including high expansion foam and maintaining the atmosphere in an over rich condition are being studied, but greater use of the tank inerting systems is predicted for the future.


Abstract. Since 1 January 2017, ships berthed at the core ports of three designated "domestic emission control
areas" (DECAs) in China should be using fuel with a sulfur content less than
or equal to 0.5 %. In order to evaluate the impacts of fuel switching, a
measurement campaign (SEISO-Bohai) was conducted from 28 December 2016 to
15 January 2017 at Jingtang Harbor, an area within the seventh busiest port
in the world. This campaign included meteorological monitoring, pollutant
monitoring, aerosol sampling and fuel sampling. During the campaign, 16 ship
plumes were captured by the on-shore measurement site, and 4 plumes indicated
the usage of high-SF (SF refers to the sulfur content of marine fuels).
The average reduction of the mean ΔNOx∕ΔSO2 ratio from high-sulfur
plumes (3.26) before 1 January to low-sulfur plumes (12.97) after 1 January
shows a direct SO2 emission reduction of 75 %, consistent with
the sulfur content reduction (79 %). The average concentrations of
PM2.5 (particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 µm),
NOx, SO2, O3 and CO during
campaign were 147.85 µg m−3,
146.93, 21.91, 29.68 ppb and 2.21 ppm, respectively, among
which NOx reached a maximum hourly concentration of 692.6 ppb, and
SO2 reached a maximum hourly concentration of 165.5 ppb.
The mean concentrations of carbonaceous and dominant ionic
species in particles were 6.52 (EC – elemental carbon), 23.10 (OC – organic carbon), 22.04 (SO42-), 25.95
(NO3-) and 13.55 (NH4+) µg m−3.
Although the carbonaceous species in particles were not significantly
affected by fuel switching, the gas and particle pollutants in the ambient air
exhibited clear and effective improvements due to the implementation of low-sulfur
fuel. Comparison with the prevailing atmospheric conditions and a wind map of
SO2 variation concluded a prompt SO2 reduction of 70 % in
ambient air after fuel switching. Given the high humidity at the study site, this
SO2 reduction will abate the concentration of secondary aerosols and improve
the acidity of particulate matter. Based on the enrichment factors of elements in
PM2.5, vanadium was identified as a marker of residual fuel ship
emissions, decreasing significantly by 97.1 % from 309.9 ng m−3 before fuel switching to 9.1 ng m−3 after regulation, which
indicated a crucial improvement due to the implementation of low-sulfur
fuels. Ship emissions were proven to be significantly influential both
directly and indirectly on the port environment and the coastal areas around Bohai
Bay, where the population density reaches over 650 people per square kilometer. The
results from this study report the positive impact of fuel
switching on the air quality in the study region and indicate
a new method for identifying the ship fuel type used by vessels in the area.


In a Stirling radioisotope system, heat must continually be removed from the GPHS modules, to maintain the GPHS modules and surrounding insulation at acceptable temperatures. Normally, the Stirling converter provides this cooling. If the Stirling engine stops in the current system, the insulation is designed to spoil, preventing damage to the GPHS, but also ending the mission. An alkali‐metal Variable Conductance Heat Pipe (VCHP) is under development to allow multiple stops and restarts of the Stirling engine. The status of the ongoing effort in developing this technology is presented in this paper. An earlier, preliminary design had a radiator outside the Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator (ASRG) casing, used NaK as the working fluid, and had the reservoir located on the cold side adapter flange. The revised design has an internal radiator inside the casing, with the reservoir embedded inside the insulation. A large set of advantages are offered by this new design. In addition to reducing the overall size and mass of the VCHP, simplicity, compactness and easiness in assembling the VCHP with the ASRG are significantly enhanced. Also, the permanently elevated temperatures of the entire VCHP allows the change of the working fluid from a binary compound (NaK) to single compound (Na). The latter, by its properties, allows higher performance and further mass reduction of the system. Preliminary design and analysis shows an acceptable peak temperature of the ASRG case of 140° C while the heat losses caused by the addition of the VCHP are 1.8 W.In a Stirling radioisotope system, heat must continually be removed from the GPHS modules, to maintain the GPHS modules and surrounding insulation at acceptable temperatures. Normally, the Stirling converter provides this cooling. If the Stirling engine stops in the current system, the insulation is designed to spoil, preventing damage to the GPHS, but also ending the mission. An alkali‐metal Variable Conductance Heat Pipe (VCHP) is under development to allow multiple stops and restarts of the Stirling engine. The status of the ongoing effort in developing this technology is presented in this paper. An earlier, preliminary design had a radiator outside the Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator (ASRG) casing, used NaK as the working fluid, and had the reservoir located on the cold side adapter flange. The revised design has an internal radiator inside the casing, with the reservoir embedded inside the insulation. A large set of advantages are offered by this new design. In addition to reducing the overa...


Poetry, Science, and the Epistemological Debate — The last few decades have witnessed a radical questioning of the cognitive possibilities traditionally associated both with science and literature. This article gives a brief overview of the debate and provides a critique of the deconstructive and post-modern theories in their attempt to subvert fundamental epistemological claims. The article then addresses the specificity of poetic cognition and, distancing itself from mimetic conceptions of poetry, proposes that poiesis entails a peculiar creation of reality, unattainable with other tools. It is the uniqueness of the materiality of poetic language that contributes to the formation of subjectivity and to the expansion of human reality and consciousness.


This paper mainly introduces the reform in the method of teaching the course of functions of complex variable and integral transform, complete with discussion on problems like selecting suitable textbooks, cultivating students' interest and ability, enlightening them on the theory background and ideological method, and applying interaction and various other teaching techniques in class.


Welcome to San Antonio, the city Mark Twain once called one of the four unique cities in the United States. The others—Boston, New Orleans, and San Francisco—are special in their own right, but none of them have the Alamo or the River Walk so close at hand that AUA meeting attendees can visit them on their lunch break. You'll be amazed at all there is to see and do in San Antonio. Use this list of attractions, presented in alphabetical order, to plan your days here. (Note that the area code for all phone numbers is 210, unless indicated otherwise.)


The invention discloses a direct burial inside and outside pressure automatic alarming bellow expansion joint which comprises a shell, a bellows, an end pipe and an extension tube. The direct burial inside and outside pressure automatic alarming bellow expansion joint is characterized in that the bellows is formed by connecting a working bellows and a partition bellows in series, wherein the working bellows and the partition bellows are equal in parameter. An opposite end is provided with a connection pipe, an alarm pipe is arranged on the connection pipe and the outer end of the alarm pipe is connected with a valve, a pressure gauge and a sensor, wherein the valve, the pressure gauge and the sensor are used in cooperation with a system. The expansion joint is applied to a city heat power pipe network, is capable of achieving on-site monitoring and remote monitoring alarming and convenient to maintain, prolongs the service life, greatly reduces operation cost, improves economic benefits and facilitates protection of the environment.


For a long time, health service planners have grappled with the vexed question of how to provide care of optimal quality for patients in the most cost-effective way. When the large majority of healthcare-seeking customers suffer from conditions that are easily managed without expensive drugs or equipment by personnel without high levels of training or skill, it seems not to be cost-effective to place the highest level of skill and resources at the gateway. Accordingly, in a primary care-based model, patient services at the entry point into the healthcare system are planned at a relatively low level of sophistication and cost.


The transmural electric potential difference (PD) of the gastric mucosa was investigated in children, teen-agers, and adults. Acetylsalicylic acid, a well known barrier breaker, causes in adults a characteristic decrease of the gastric PD. This effect in teen-agers is considerably weaker than in adults, while in children there is no significant decrease of the potential difference after local acetylsalicylic acid application.


The lattice cluster theory is extended to study all the possible nematic orderings of rectangular mesogens, namely, rodlike, discotic, and biaxial nematics for oblong mesogens, and rodlike and discotic nematics for square mesogens. The theory describes both the anisotropic hard core excluded volume and the anisotropic attractive van der Waals interactions on an equal footing. The partition function is expanded in terms of cluster contributions from the packing induced correlations and van der Waals interactions, with a Flory‐type approximation as the zeroth‐order treatment. The correlation contributions to the free energies for the isotropic liquid and the various homogeneous liquid crystalline phases are evaluated to second order in mesogen density and to first order in interaction energy. This theory therefore describes the anisotropic character of both the attractive and repulsive portions of the mesogen–mesogen interactions. Models with greater dimensionality provide greater orientational freedom and ...


The modern Arctic Ocean appears to be changing faster than any other region. To understand the potential extent of high-latitude climate change, it is necessary to sample the history stored in the sediments filling the basins and covering the ridges of the Arctic Ocean. These sediments have been imaged with seismic reflection data, but except for the superficial record, which has been piston cored, they have been sampled only in a few locations. In November 2008 a meeting was held at the Alfred Wegener Institute, in Germany, to plan the future of scientific drilling in the Arctic Ocean.


Providing an incentive is becoming common practice among blood service organisations. Driven by self-orientated motives rather than pure philanthropic intentions, research is showing that people increasingly want something in return for their support. It is contended that individuals donate conspicuously with the hope it will improve their social standing. Yet there is limited evidence for the effectiveness of conspicuous recognition strategies, and no studies, to the researcher's knowledge, that have examined conspicuous donation strategies in an online social media context. There is a need to understand what value drives individuals to donate blood, and whether conspicuous donation strategies are a source of such value post blood donation. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualise how conspicuous donation strategies, in the form of virtual badges on social media sites, can be applied to the social behaviour of blood donation, as a value-adding tool, to encourage repeat behaviour.


Adaptive Collaboration (AC) has been proven and verified to be a promising methodology to conduct collaboration. AC follows an iterative and dynamic process that includes phases of role negotiation, agent evaluation, role assignment, role playing, and role transfer. However, AC is complex, and the benefits of AC are not easily observed. In particular, the benefits must be obtained through complicated computations and should be further presented appropriately, e.g., visualization. This paper proposes an approach to visualizing the benefits of AC in group performance. Such visualization can illustrate how dynamic role assignment performs better than static role assignment. Our research is verified through implementations, a case study, and a usability study.


Some herbal galactagogues have earned reputation and recognition by the
public and professionals as an alternative approach to increase the production of
breast milk. Galactagogues are any food, beverage, or special herbs believed to be
able to assist initiation, to maintain, and to boost excreetion of breast milk. Papaya
leaves contain quercetin compounds that can activate the prolactin hormone
receptors thereby increasing milk production. In addition, red ginger is also one of
local food that has a function as galactagogue. The purpose of this study was to
analyze the ratio of the number of papaya leaves (Carica Papaya Linn) and red
ginger (Zingiber officinale Var. Rubrum) in formulations of combined
galactagogue instant powder in regards to the physicochemical, organoleptic,
bacteriological quality. This study applied experimental study design, starting
with the manufacture of 5 combined formulations in regard to the amount of
papaya and red ginger used ie F1 (50g: 100 g), F2 (62,5g: 87,5g), F3 (75g: 75g) ,
F4 (87,5g: 62,5g) and F5 (100g: 50g). Then, organoleptic test using hedonic test
was carried out (which included color, taste, texture and aroma) to the limited
panelists to select best three products that possessed the highest effectiveness
index. After the products were selected, bacteriological and physicochemical test
was also being carried out to test the moisture content, ash content, and the
content of quercetin. The results showed that the more the amount of papaya
leaves used, the greater the content of quercetin in the product. F5 was the most
preferred in regard to flavor and color, and contains 21,5mg/ 100g of quercetin,
1.04% water content and 0.72% ash levels. Therefore, this instant galactagogues
powder was being preferred and has met the quality of physicochemical
requirements (moisture and ash content) and the quality of bacteriology
according to SNI 01-4320-1996 (Powdered Traditional Beverages) and SNI 01-
7148-2005 (Special Beverages for Pregnancy and Breastfeeding).


The article analyzes the content of the monograph of Moscow linguist, shows the theoretical basis of linguistic modeling of the author and addressee as text categories. The qualification of the author's and addressee's images as components of the text explicit and implicit content; opposition, depending on the communicative intentions of two types of image of the author perceptual and intentional, the irrelevance of this opposition to reconstruct addressee's images of the nonfiction texts; selection of evaluation plans, verbal resources, factual information, psychology as the four bases for the reconstruction of the author's image; choice postulates of verbal communication by P. Grice as a basis to reconstruct the addressee's images are very important.


List of Tables List of Figures and Maps Currency, Weights, Measures Geographical Note Abbreviations Glossary Preface Maps Introduction The Premodern Economy Part I: THE FORMATION OF A COLONIAL EXPORT ECONOMY (c.1800-1920) The Transition to Modern Trade The Growth of Production The Infrastructure The Growth of a Plural Society Overview: The Export Economy c.1920 PART II: DEPRESSION, WAR, AND THE ADVENT OF INDEPENDENCE (1920-63) The Interwar Years (1920-41) War, Reconstruction and the Advent of Independence (1942-63) PART III: TOWARDS A NEWLY-INDUSTRIALISED COUNTRY (1963-90) The Economy in Review The Primary Sector Industry The Distribution of the Benefits The Perspective from History Bibliography Index


Poverty reduction strategies (PRSs) provide a central framework for macroeconomic, structural, and social policies in developing countries. Because of the numerous and complex links between environment and poverty, it is important that environmental issues are taken into account in the PRS process. This paper follows six previous assessments of the degree of mainstreaming environment in the PRS process using a similar methodology to present trends and provide an understanding of the effectiveness of environmental interventions in reducing poverty. However, it goes beyond previous assessments in three important ways. In-depth country case studies of the evolution of environmental mainstreaming in the PRS process over time. Many countries have now gone through several iterations of their poverty reduction strategies and have received a sequence of credits designed to implement key aspects of these strategies, making it possible to see how the process of mainstreaming environment in the strategies has evolved over time. In this assessment, the authors conduct detailed case studies of this evolution in Ghana, Albania, Bangladesh, and Vietnam. The choice of countries was based on the maturity of each country's PRS process, taking into consideration country size, lending volume, and vulnerability to climate change. An assessment of climate change mainstreaming in the PRS process in the same four countries. Like environment as a whole, the potential impacts of climate change have often been considered separately, if at all rather than as an integral part of development policies. An evaluation of environmental development policy loans (DPLs) in several middle income countries (Brazil, Gabon, and Mexico). DPLs represent an important opportunity to mainstream environment and climate change into middle-income countries' growth and development. This review assesses the process by which environmental DPLs have been prepared and the effectiveness with which they have been implemented.


There ought to be a word for it all -- something between patriotism and friendship. For the moment we can call it just Flora Eldershaw.(1)Our first contact was not entirely happy. I was the greenest of green `freshers'. Flora was established in her second year. Chance had given me the locker immediately above hers. Its untidy contents frequently spilled out into her more ordered domain. My then meagre person was continually underfoot, and Flora's brown eyes flashed with indignation more often than they smiled. But within the year we were close friends. She widened my horizons and quickened my mind. Later this friendship was to withstand what everyone agrees to be the acid test of collaboration in writing.(2)In 1953, Flora Eldershaw confessed to Clem Christesen that she had, for reasons of overwork and ill-health, "ceased even to think of [herself] as a writer at all."(3) The Australian literary establishment has since followed suit. While the general push to recover women writers of the inter-war period has resulted in a good deal of interest in Marjorie Barnard, little attention has been focussed upon the Eldershaw half of `M. Barnard Eldershaw', the literary collaboration which produced five novels and a wide range of critical and historical works. This is ironic considering that Eldershaw's role in promoting Australian literature was once arguably second only to that of the Palmers. She was, for example, prominent among those who worked throughout the 1930s to revivify the Commonwealth Literary Fund, she campaigned in Canberra for government subsidies for writers, and twice held the position of President of the Sydney Fellowship of Australian Writers. As Tom Inglis Moore recalled in his tribute to her:Her judgements, balanced and impartial, commanded respect. At the same time her sympathy for writers and understanding of their difficulties was deep and sincere. Even when she was overworked or suffering from ill-health, she sacrificed herself to read manuscripts and to help writers. They owe her much, and were fortunate to be served by someone of such calibre. In company with Marjorie Barnard, Flora Eldershaw made a very distinguished and valuable contribution to Australian literature.(4)Eldershaw's early death in 1956 at the relatively young age of 59 has no doubt played a significant part in the diminishing of her role in the collaboration and in the wider literary community. Unlike Barnard, who survived until 1987, Eldershaw achieved few independent publications, so her reputation rests almost entirely upon her share in the Barnard Eldershaw opus and on the testimonies of those who worked alongside her in the FAW, the CLF, and the public service. Letters have been and are increasingly important sources for the historian and literary critic but, in contrast to the likes of Nettie Palmer, Marjorie Barnard, Miles Franklin, Katharine Prichard and Jean Devanny, Eldershaw, or "Teenie" as she was known, was an extremely poor correspondent.(5) The Palmer Papers which are so often used to reconstruct the literary culture of the inter-war period, and which contain over 200 letters from Barnard, reveal only a handful from Eldershaw. The fact that Barnard and Eldershaw destroyed their mutual correspondence and that Eldershaw's personal and literary papers have remained with her family further contributes to the paucity of available sources on her life and work.Where Eldershaw gains a separate entry in contemporary literary guides, discussion is usually confined to the period 1928 to 1947, the years between the winning of the Bulletin prize for A House is Built and the publication of Tomorrow and Tomorrow. Biographical details are generally limited to comments on her childhood in the Riverina and her employment as Senior English Mistress at Presbyterian Ladies' College at Croydon.(6) However, by ignoring the years before and after her apparently finite literary career, a great deal of what was Flora Eldershaw is lost. …


A trial was conducted to evaluate pure NSP enzyme combination derived from in vitro studies and commercially available phytase to corn-soybean meal based low energy diets singly and combination of both. The experiment was conducted by using completely randomized design on one hundred and fifty layer birds (40 weeks) of uniform body weight and production with five treatments, six replicates and five hens in each replicate for three laying periods with twenty eight days in each laying period. The performance was measured in terms of egg production, feed intake, weight changes, feed efficiency, egg quality, nutrient retention, and gut health. Egg production improved (P<0.05) with supplementation of phytase alone or in combination of phytase and NSP enzymes. No effect of supplementing NSP enzymes, phytase alone or in combination was observed on feed intake, FCR, egg quality traits and retentions of DM, OM and NFE. Significantly (P<0.05) higher retentions of CP, CF, EE, GE and phosphorus was observed with supplementation of NSP enzymes and similar trend was observed with both NSP and phytase to BD except for phosphorus indicating no associative effect of phytase and NSP enzymes on above nutrient retentions. Intestinal pH, viscosity and E. coli count significantly (P<0.05) reduced with supplementation of NSP enzymes and no further improvement was observed on these variables with supplementation of phytase with NSP enzymes. Gut histology revealed broad and disrupted villi with little goblet cell activity. No significant (P<0.05) effect on feed cost due to addition of phytase and/or NSP enzymes to BD was observed. The cost of feed to produce dozen eggs was comparable among SD, BD and BD supplemented with NSP enzymes and phytase.


Code-mixing is a common phenomenon in the modern multilingual and bilingual society and it occurs in media as such as it does in other domains of life. This research targeted to find out the scope of code-mixing practicing in Urdu news of a private news channel in Pakistan, and to catch out the equivalent words in Urdu language if there are. Qualitative approach has been applied using the method of Case study. The population consisted of Urdu news aired on the private News channel ARY by using Convenient and Purposive sampling techniques. Forty online audio-video bits and pieces on YouTube which were broadcasted on ARY News channel were recorded for the analysis as a sample. The purpose of this study is to investigate the nature of code switching between English and Urdu languages in light of Myers-Scotton's (1993) Markedness Model .The tabulated data showed that the phenomenon of code-mixing is commonly practiced although having their equivalents in Urdu language. It reflected the general behaviour prevailing in the society about code mixing. The records assisted in finding out if code-mixing is dominant in Urdu news in particular channel and to what extent. Moreover, these recordings also helped to interpret, find substitute and word class of the English word inserted in the Urdu news. Keywords: Case study, Code-mixing, Private Pakistani channel, Urdu news, English Language DOI: 10.7176/JLLL/72-05 Publication date: October 31 st 2020


We report the first systematic search for blazars among broad-absorption-line (BAL) quasars. This is based on our intranight optical monitoring of a well-defined sample of 10 candidates selected on the criteria of a flat spectrum and an abnormally high linear polarization at radio wavelengths. A small population of BAL blazars can be expected in the 'polar model' of BAL quasars. However, no such case is found, since none of our 30 monitoring sessions devoted to the 10 candidates yielded a positive detection of intra-night optical variability (INOV), which is uncharacteristic of blazars. This lack of INOV detection contrasts with the high duty cycle of INOV observed for a comparison sample of 15 'normal' (i.e., non-BAL) blazars. Some possible implications of this are pointed out.


In 1960 Paul Erdbs and Alfred Renyi [ER] began the subject of random graphs. The 1985 book of Bela Bollobas [B] provides the standard reference for this field. In modem terminology the random graph G(n, p) is a graph on vertex set [n] = { 1, ... , n} where each pair i, j of vertices are adjacent with independent probability p. More accurately, G(n, p) is a probability space over the space of graphs on vertex set [n]. For any property A of graphs there is a probability, denoted Pr[G(n, p) l= A], that G(n, p) satisfies A. In their very title, "On the evolution of random graphs," Erd6s and Renyi envisioned a dynamic process, G(n, p) changing character as p moved from zero to one. They discovered (as did their many successors) that for many natural properties A Pr[G(n, p) t= A] was usually near zero or near one and made the jump from near zero to near one (or back again) in a very narrow range. The placement of this critical range of p depended on n. For example, let A be the property of containing a triangle. There are (n) n3 /6 3 potential triangles, each is a triangle in G(n, p) with probability p 3, and so the expected number of triangles in G(n, p) is asymptotically n3p3/6. This suggests the critical range p = 8(1/n). Indeed, Erdos and Renyi proved that if p = p(n) l/n then limn gc*Pr[G(n,p) l= A] = 1. (Notation: f(n) g(n) means limn-,oo f(n)/g(n) = +ox.) They called p(n) = l/n a threshold function for this property A. As other examples, connectivity has threshold function (logn)/n, containing a clique on four points has threshold function n 2/3, containing an edge has (easily!) threshold function n 2, and every vertex lying in a triangle has threshold function (log n) 13n 23. It was the observation that threshold functions seemed to be of the form (log n)n fl with a, f, rational that motivated our current line of research. What can we say about the possible threshold functions of properties A ? Not much if we place no restrictions on A. For example, the property that the number of edges is even shows no threshold function behavior. If we restrict


This paper provides the reader with an analysis of ethnographic writing based upon two different texts produced from a single fieldwork. This fieldwork, which was done in Madrid and Buenos Aires between January, 1985 and December, 1988, concerned Argentine exiles from the Junta Militar dictatorship of 1976 to 1983.


In this paper the changing patterns of economic and political elite recruitment in Serbia are studied on the basis of three sets of data, collected in our surveys done in 1989, 1993 and 2004. Our hypothesis was that elite recruitment patterns changed after the political regime change in 2000, but in a different direction compared to the period of the 1990s. From a long-term perspective, we expect continuing increases in the relevance of higher education for elite recruitment, and equalization of the relevance of higher education for both the political and economic elites. On the other hand, we expect decreasing relevance for political affiliation among the economic elite, accompanied by an increasing importance of social networking during the period of a prolonged weak institutional environment. In order to test our general hypothesis we describe inter- and intra-generational patterns of recruitment. The relevance of education, party membership and networking as mobility channels is analyzed by model of logistic regression. We also compare changes in patterns of elites' recruitment with changing mobility patterns of social classes in Serbia, 1989-2004.


The occurrences of nine species of Orchidaceae belonging to six genera: Alatiglossum (2 species), Baptistonia (2), Cattleya (1), Encyclia (2), Promenaea (1) and Stelis (1) are noted here for the first time in Serra do Cipo, Minas Gerais state, Brasil. Morphological characters of the genera are briefly described. These new records highlight the importance to preserve the area.


Empress of the vast Russian Empire by the age of 33, Catherine's private and public life generated tremendous contemporary controversy, and she has subsequently been portrayed variously as a political genius, a despotic foreign adventuress, a tyrant, and a nymphomaniac. Drawing on little-known sources, including Catherine's billets doux , John Alexander has produced a much-needed balanced appraisal and popular biography of one of the most powerful, infamous, and colourful figures in modern history.


Abstract We devise imperative programming languages for verified real number computation where real numbers are provided as abstract data types such that the users of the languages can express real number computation by considering real numbers as abstract mathematical entities. Unlike other common approaches toward real number computation, based on an algebraic model that lacks implementability or transcendental computation, or finite-precision approximation such as using double precision computation that lacks a formal foundation, our languages are devised based on computable analysis, a foundation of rigorous computation over continuous data. Consequently, the users of the language can easily program real number computation and reason about the behaviours of their programs, relying on their mathematical knowledge of real numbers without worrying about artificial roundoff errors. As the languages are imperative, we adopt precondition–postcondition-style program specification and Hoare-style program verification methodologies. Consequently, the users of the language can easily program a computation over real numbers, specify the expected behaviour of the program, including termination, and prove the correctness of the specification. Furthermore, we suggest extending the languages with other interesting continuous data, such as matrices, continuous real functions, et cetera. Abstract taken directly from the thesis. E-mail: email@example.com URL: https://sewonpark.com/thesis


The seasonal succession of coccolith in the Okinawa Trough was investigated through a time series sediment trap experiment from March 1993 to February 1994, and compared with coccolith thanatocoenoses in the underlying surface sediments. The coccolith flux was low in the shallow trap (water depth 600m) and markedly high in the middle (water depth 800m) and deep (water depth 1020m) traps. Coccolith assemblages of the three traps were similar to each other, except that the assemblages of the shallow trap differed from those of the middle trap during summer. On the other hand, the coccolith species composition of surface sediments shows considerable differences among the inner-middle shelf, shelf edge and the Okinawa Trough areas. These observation, together with comparison of coccolith species composition between trap and surface sediments, indicate the lateral transport of particulate matters from adjacent shelf edge and shelf slope of the Okinawa Trough to the central area of the Okinawa Trough.


Gemination or Schizodontism, a relatively uncommon dental anomaly, is characterized by a tooth with a bifid crown and a common root and root canal. It is commonly seen in primary dentition and gemination in a supernumerary tooth is a rare phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to present an unusual case wherein gemination has occurred in a lingually placed mandibular supernumerary third premolar tooth or "geminated-premolar-like".


Nonuniform and localized deformation near a blunting crack tip in FCC single crystals under pure Mode I loading conditions is investigated using finite element method. To model a cracked specimen subjected to Mode I loading, a large semi-circular region of radius R0 with a notch of radius a0 (R0 >> a0) is considered so that conditions of small scale yielding are satisfied. A size-dependent higherorder gradient crystal plasticity theory accounting for finite strains [1] is adopted to characterize the material. A conventional crystal plasticity model [2] is also employed for comparison purposes. Idealized plane strain deformation is considered utilizing a planar 3-effective slip model in which any out of plane action from one crystallographic slip system is assumed to be cancelled by geometrically symmetric other slip systems [3]. In case of employing the conventional crystal plasticity model without any length scale effect, severely localized deformation accompanying shear band development appears near the blunting crack tip. With introduction of an intrinsic material length scale effect that is related to higher-order slip gradients, formation of severely localized shear bands inside the material near the crack tip is suppressed, but at the crack tip surface a peculiar nonuniform deformation still remains, which might suggest crack propagation. It is observed that the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) is not significantly affected by the length scale effect.


A procedure for interpreting multiple-discrimination indices obtained from a multidimensional item-response theory (MIRT) analysis is described and demonstrated. The procedure consists of converting discrimination parameter estimates to direction cosines and cluster analyzing the angular distances between item vectors, grouping together items with similar orientations in the theta space. The procedure is suggested as an alternative to conventional item factor analysis for investigating issues related to test dimensionality within a single test form and between alternate forms of a test.


A neuroepithelial (chorioidal, colloid) cyst of the third ventricle of the brain is described in a 77 year old man, and its histogenesis is briefly discussed.


Compared with the presently vigorously developing education reform in biology teaching in Middle Schools,the biology teaching in normal schools and universities seems hesitating and confused.How to break away from the troubled position and make the biology teaching in normal schools and universities active? This article makes a discussion from the aspects of activating the teaching curriculum,textbooks and classroom teaching,activating teaching program,teaching material,classroom instruction and arousing the students' enthusiasm and initiative.


Ecumenical studies and Missiology can be compared with the World Wide Web. Everything is connected with everything. That makes a travel guide urgent. In this contribution we create such a guide, combining the knowledge of libraries and documentation and searching on the Internet (Marian Papavoine) with factual ecumenical and missiological knowledge (Martien Brinkman). Since the shift of the centres of global Christianity has made revision of the more or less classical descriptions of these disciplines necessary, we shall first touch upon these shifts. Next we shall fearlessly take to the digital highway.


Based on the status of financial investment in science and technology in Chongqing city and the achievements of previous studies,the paper attempts to establish an index system of evaluation to evaluate the performance of Chongqing's financial investment by using DEA method(data envelopment analysis).Meanwhile realizing the current situation of sciencetechnology and economy,the paper also points out the principal problems in financial investment,finally offers some suggestions.


that these should come to dominate our journal at the expense of contributions of a more durable value. The JRA is strongly recommended to all serious students of Roman archaeology; only those whose interests are decidedly parochial will disregard it. Moreover, it is very good value for money. Long may a rising tide of subscribers with the support of the University of Michigan and the Getty Grant Program continue to ensure the quality and success of this journal.


This paper aims to explore the relationship of mindfulness and motivation in self-transformation based on the teachings of Thich Nhat Hanh. It discusses mind and meditation, the application and impact of mindfulness on body and mind, the Buddhist's roots of motivation in meditation, the dynamics of motivation in mindfulness practice and Thich Nhat Hanh's teachings on interbeing. He argues that it is not necessary to hold the original Buddhist intention with the goal to attain enlightenment when practicing mindfulness because mindfulness is not only a means but also an end in itself. My discussion will highlight this interconnectedness of mindfulness and motivation where one's motivation can affect mindfulness and mindfulness practice can further shape one's motivation. The continuous practice of mindfulness has the ability to develop one's motivation to change one's mental state and life perspective, as the transformation will occur when the mind becomes more aware and more insightful.


Objective To study the relationship between eosinphils and polyp recurrence after the operation of nasal polyps. Methods Eosinophils were quantitatively determined and compared in preoperative polyps and recurrent polyps respectively from 51 cases of nasal polyps and sinusitis. Results The polyp recurrence rate was highly correlated with the eosinophil infiltration in the tissue. Conclusion The degree of eosinophil infitration is directly related to the recurrence of polyps, which can be regarded as an prognosis indicator for polyps.


Our study is composed of three main parts: As first, we gave a short introduction presenting different approaches to Fairy tales studies and we gave the explanation of our choice of the two authors, Bozena Nemcova and Italo Calvino, whose fairy tales collections served us as the base corpus. The second chaptor treats the form of individual texts and compares their different aspects studying introductions and ends of the tales and their orientation in time and space. We discovered some characteristic features of the tales by Calvino that are not common for the texts by Nemcova. The last part is dedicated to the study of the main characters and their functions. We considered as well the names of the characters studying to what extent the names define the characters and their functions in the tales.


The effects of the extended gauge sector present in the Littlest Higgs model in the reactions e{sup +}e{sup -} {yields} f{bar f} and e{sup +}e{sup -} {yields} Zh are examined. We find that the search reach at the 500 GeV ILC essentially covers the entire region where this model is relevant to the hierarchy proble and extends the reach of the LHC. In addition, we show that the ILC allows for an accurate determination of the model parameters, to the precision of a few percent, provided that the LHC measures the mass of the new heavy neutral gauge field.


The abstract introduce the most of the contamination accumulated on the insulator, it comes from the polluted particles in the air around the insulator, and most of these dirt particles are in contact with and adhere to the surface of the insulator under the influence of forces such as gravity and wind. Studying the distribution of the air flow field around the insulator can better understand the trajectory of the contaminated particles in the air and the fouling process of the insulator. Based on the fluid dynamics simulation experiment, the air flow field around the insulator and the motion of the dirty particles are studied by Fluent software. The specific implementation steps are as follows: Using the Geometry and Mesh modules of Fluent software, the model of the insulator and its surrounding flow field is established. The division of the grid; the fluid dynamics simulation calculation is performed by Fluent to solve the flow field; and the parameters are modified repeatedly according to the variables studied.The umbrella skirt of the anti-ice composite insulator is characterized by the installation of an enlarged shed that is larger than the diameter of the ordinary shed to cover the dirt and clean up the dirt by deformation. Compared with other insulators, the ratio of the diameter of the anti-ice composite insulator to the diameter of the shed is small, which also makes the flow field distribution of the insulator have the characteristics that the backflow of the leeward gas is not obvious.


We prove a conjecture of Myerson and Phillips on when an expression involving Dedekind sums is an integer. We also provide a more general result and use this to extend the work of Myerson and Phillips studying whether the points of the graph of the one-variable Dedekind sum that fall on the line are dense.


Little is known about the occurrence of feline upper respiratory tract disease agents, namely Feline Herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) and Chlamydophila felis, and co-infection of these agents with Feline Immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) in non-domestic felids in Brazil. Between 2009 and 2010, 72 conjunctival swab and serum samples were collected from eight non-domestic felid species ( Leopardus pardalis , Leopardus tigrinus , Panthera leo , Panthera tigris , Puma concolor , Puma yagouaroundi , Oncifelis colocolo , and Panthera onca ) maintained in captivity in Brazilian zoos. DNA extracted from conjunctival swabs were used in PCR assays for the detection of Chlamydophila sp , FHV-1, and retrovirus DNA, respectively. Antibodies to FIV and FeLV antigen were detected in non-domestic felid serum samples using a commercial ELISA kit. Antibodies to FIV were found only in five (6.9%) felids. No sampled non-domestic felid was positive for FeLV antigen detection. One (1.3%) out of 72 non-domestic felid conjunctival swab samples was positive for Chlamydophila sp. and Feline Herpesvirus-1 in PCR. This felid was an ocelot and was negative for FIV and FeLV. The results of this survey showed the occurrence of co-infection with C. felis and FHV-1 in an ocelot ( Leopardus pardalis ) in Brazil.


Introduction: It is important to construct interprofessional education activities that simulate realistic practice, even if students are in different physical locations. This manuscript outlines an effort to provide an activity in which physician assistants and pharmacy students carry out a case-based simulation via telecommunication in their final didactic semester.
Programme description: Both professions were tasked with providing optimal care to patients during a busy workday of managing multiple patients simultaneously.
Evaluation: Instructional objectives were assessed through a follow-up quiz on the other's profession, reflection questions, and appropriate documentation for each profession. Student perceptions of communication methods and the other profession were collected via an optional survey.
Future plan:  Based on overall responsiveness to the activity, this type of simulation is effective for providing interprofessional education while overcoming the common barriers of physical location and space.


The e.s.r. spectrum of octaethyloxophlorin in dry de-gassed tetrahydrofuran shows hyperfine structure: evidence is presented that this structure is due to coupling with meso-protons.


An observational study of the temperature profile over grass, snow and bare soil surfaces in strong stability is presented. It was found that in nearly calm, clear conditions the minimum temperature occurred 1 to 50 cm above the surface. The height and intensity of the minimum is strongly correlated with wind speed, surface roughness and stability. A discussion of existing hypotheses suggests that the most likely explanation for the phenomenon should involve both turbulence and infra-red flux divergence.


If any of you have read any British newspaper regularly or listened to British radio over the past two or three years, there is a good chance that you have come across the term Estuary English. There have been articles on this topic in The Times Educational Supplement, The Sunday Times, The Guardian to my knowledge. And there has even been a piece on it in The New York Times. There have been items on Estuary English on BBC Radio 4, the BBC World Service and the London Broadcasting Corporation.


Background Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most successful surgeries in orthopedics. However, postoperative dislocation is one of the major complications. There are some patients with higher risk for dislocations. Dual mobility cup THA (DMC) may decrease the rate of dislocation and enhance functional outcome in those patients. Aim The aim was to retrospectively assess postoperative rate of dislocation and functional outcome in patients with preoperative risk factors for dislocation treated by DMC THA. Patients and methods A total of 26 DMC THAs were done for 25 patients with preoperative risk factors for dislocation. Functional outcome by Harris hip score and dislocation rates have been followed for a period of 12–48 months (mean: 31 months). Results There was 0% rate of dislocation till the last follow-up. There was marked improvement in Harris hip score, with good to excellent results in 74% of patients. Conclusion DMC THA is a good option for patients at risk for dislocations, with very low or no rate of dislocation, with good functional outcomes.


Under the new economic conditions,the knowledge has become the new power for the development of the private enterprises,and the private enterprisers should make great efforts to renewing their knowledge structure,give full play to their after-superiority,utilize the "knowledge overflowing effect" and the market's "positive feedback effect",and break the new path of developing the new economy that the enterprises of the developed countries have never gown.


Zhuo-Chuan-Wei is one of ping-dien critics of Zhuo-Chuan. It was written in the era that imperial examination was terminating, and the sanctity of Confucian classics was losing, also this book was published after New Culture Movement when scholars had classical educations but began to lead a revolt against Confucian culture. They were eager to create a new Chinese culture based on global and western standards. In this situation, the interpretations or critics of Zhuo-Chuan in Zhuo-Chuan-Wei must be different form the other interpretations or critics. Therefore, this essay focuses on the spirit of the times which was showed on Zhuo-Chuan-Wei. Some of the interpretations about Zhuo-Chuan in Zhuo-Chuan-Wei are a blend of Three Commentaries on The Spring and Autumn Annals. Sometimes it cited western ideas to explain terse but highly significant statements in Zhuo-Chuan.; The author, Wu-Kai-Shen, made efforts in converting class notion in feudal society to courtesy. All of these interpretations showed Wu-Kai-Shen devoted himself to keep the classics from fading away. The main ping-dien critics in Zhuo-Chuan-Wei are the interpretations on 'veiled/subtle words with great moral purports'. Wu-Kai-Shen insisted the values of classics saved in these great moral purports are eternal, this was what Wu-Kai-Shen had done obviously to maintain the Sanctity of Zhuo-Chuan.


To the Editor.— J. E. Hardison, MD, reported two cases of Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome (CBS) and noted that the venous hum of CBS, unlike the cervical venous hum, is never present in normal people, is virtually diagnostic of portal hypertension, and may increase rather than decrease in intensity on Valsalva's maneuver. 1 Dr Annamalai and I reported a case of CBS in a 19-year-old man with biopsy-proved Laennec's cirrhosis. 2 Esophagogram showed esophageal varices; percutaneous splenovenogram demonstrated patent splenic and portal veins, two paraumbilical veins that communicated between the left branch of the portal vein and the anterior abdominal wall varices around the umbilicus and in the epigastrium. An oral glucose tolerance test, performed with blood samples that were obtained simultaneously from the antecubital veins and the abdominal varices, showed that fasting glucose level to be the same in both specimens; but the specimens drawn 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes


Extreme Events an Geophysical Mon © 2012. American 10.1029/2011GM About 200 km 300 km Kachchh region of Gujarat in western India is seismically one of the most active intraplate regions of the world. It has six major E-W trending faults of the failedMesozoic rift that are being reactivated by thrusting. Kachchh had earlier experienced earthquakes of M7.8 in 1819, M6.3 in 1845, and M6 in 1956 and a small number ofM < 6 earthquakes. After theM7.7 earthquake in 2001, besides the continuing high seismicity in the rupture zone of 20 km radius, several other faults within distances of 60 km from the rupture zone and even after 5–8 years of the Bhuj earthquake are activated with earthquakes of M4–5.7 and associated sequences. Moreover, the seismicity to theM3–5 level is triggered along small faults at 20 locations up to 200 km south in the Saurashtra region. The unusually high seismicity along several faults is inferred to be triggered because of a stress pulse migration by viscoelastic processes after a 20 MPa stress drop due to the 2001 Bhuj earthquake.


Measurement of radio frequency (RF) radiation performance has been investigated for mobile terminals including the influence of the human body. As presented by smart-phone growth, mobile terminals are used not only in talk but also various other positions such as browsing, jogging, and so on. Therefore, a phantom corresponding to various positions needs to be included in the evaluation of the RF performance of a mobile terminal. Then, a lightweight tissue-equivalent phantom, Ultra Light Carbon Phantom (ULCP®), consisting of a head, hands, arms and body above the abdomen, for application to three-dimensional (3-D) RF radiation measurement is developed. In this paper, the development and evaluations of the ULCP in browsing and jogging positions are presented. The RF performances of a dipole antenna and a mobile terminal with the ULCP are evaluated in comparison with a test subject. Finally, it is confirmed that the ULCP is useful for mobile terminal tests including the influence of the human person.


This book demonstrates the power of emotional experience in relationships and how this power can be used to reconstruct intimate bonds. In emotionally focused couples therapy, intrapsychic and interpersonal perspectives are combined; interactional positions are assumed to be maintained by strong, primary, emotional responses and by the way interactions are structured and organized. Hence, the goal of emotionally focused therapy is to enable a couple to change the habitual positions they assume in relation to each other and to change the way each partner experiences the relationship.


Metals with high oxidation states (HOSs) (e.g., +V to +X) are of great interest to chemists, although it is challenging to trigger the reactivity of metals with HOSs, because they are usually highl...


The invention may include a control unit for re-signing the application package key conversion corresponding to the communication unit, the signature key for receiving an application package that contains a signature key, it is possible to also apply to other embodiments.


Background and objective Pharmacogenomics is an emerging branch and its application in clinical practice will improve healthcare delivery in India. For the promotion and adaptation of pharmacogenomics, we need baseline data from healthcare professionals (HCPs). So, this study was planned to know the prospective of HCPs in India regarding pharmacogenomics. Patients and methods The printed copies of the pretested and validated, single-response or multiple-response self-administered questionnaire, were distributed to the HCPs. There was a total of 19 questions to access knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding pharmacogenomics. Data obtained were entered in Microsoft Excel 2013 spreadsheet for statistical analysis and percentages were calculated for concerned responses. Results Out of 134 responses, 126 responses were found to be eligible for analysis. Seventy-eight (61.9%) participants scored more than or equal to 5 to show above-average knowledge. Ninety (71.4%) participants showed a favorable attitude with a score of more than or equal to 3, while 91 (72.2%) participants scored more than or equal to 3 to show favorable practices regarding pharmacogenomics. Hundred and seven (84.9%) participants believed that pharmacogenomics will lead to more effective pharmacotherapy. Conclusion Participants showed above-average knowledge; favorable attitude, and practice behavior regarding pharmacogenomics. The survey indicates that conducting Information, Education, and Communication activities may help to increase awareness and knowledge, and to promote the adoption and utilization of pharmacogenomics in clinical practice, which will lead to better pharmacological treatment of disease with maximum efficacy and minimum side effects.


The current world wide web is featured by big volumes of data. The classical association rules mining algorithms dealt with data sets somehow in an efficient way and in reasonable time. However they are not capable to cope with a huge amount of data in the web context where the respond time must be very short. In this paper a new hybrid algorithm called (HBSO-TS) is proposed for association rule mining. It is based on two well known meta-heuristics, which are Bees Swarm Optimization (BSO) and Tabu Search (TS). BSO is chosen for its remarkable diversification process while tabu search for its efficient intensification strategy. To make the idea simpler, BSO will browse the search space in such a way to cover most of its regions and the local exploration of each bee is computed by tabu search. The experimental study showed that, due to the simultaneous management of the two meta-heuristic in HBSO-TS, the empirical parameters setting becomes a difficult task. Despite this issue, results show that HBSO-TS algorithm outperforms the Association rule mining algorithms based on evolutionary computation and already proposed in the literature. In particular, we observed that the developed approach yields useful association rules in a reasonable time when comparing it with previous works.


The utility model relates to a sliding bearing of a building, which belongs to the field of the bearing structure of the building. The sliding bearing consists of a base, a plurality of sliding laminated plates and a limiting cover plate. The sliding laminated plates are formed by overlapped single plates with low friction surfaces and are flatly arranged on the bottom surface in the base, sliding spacing is left between the peripheral edges of the sliding laminated plates and the inner wall of the base, the limiting cover plate is arranged along the upper end of the periphery of the base and is used for limiting the sliding laminated plates from sliding out of the base, the upper surfaces of the laminated plates are connected with the upper part of the base, and the outer bottom surface of the base is connected with a lower embedded part. Due to the excellent low friction and full lubrication between the sliding laminated plates, when the upper structure of the building is under the external horizontal force, the corresponding plates can move horizontally to release the stress, and when the upper structure of the building is under the torsion, the sliding bearing can rotate around the central point to adapt to the structural deformation. Therefore, the utility model with the structure can ensure the stability and safety of the building. In addition, the utility model has the advantages of convenient maintenance and economical and practical use.


Recent developments in deep learning have made remarkable progress in speeding up the prediction of quantum chemical (QC) properties by removing the need for expensive electronic structure calculations like density functional theory. However, previous methods learned from 1D SMILES sequences or 2D molecular graphs failed to achieve high accuracy as QC properties primarily depend on the 3D equilibrium conformations optimized by electronic structure methods, far different from the sequence-type and graph-type data. In this paper, we propose a novel approach called Uni-Mol+ to tackle this challenge. Uni-Mol+ first generates a raw 3D molecule conformation from inexpensive methods such as RDKit. Then, the raw conformation is iteratively updated to its target DFT equilibrium conformation using neural networks, and the learned conformation will be used to predict the QC properties. To effectively learn this update process towards the equilibrium conformation, we introduce a two-track Transformer model backbone and train it with the QC property prediction task. We also design a novel approach to guide the model's training process. Our extensive benchmarking results demonstrate that the proposed Uni-Mol+ significantly improves the accuracy of QC property prediction in various datasets. We have made the code and model publicly available at \url{https://github.com/dptech-corp/Uni-Mol}.


The invasive and potentially pathogenic Asian fish tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, is reported for the first time from the vicinity of the Panama Canal zone, a region of international economic and environmental significance. The tapeworm was found in two cichlid species, Aequidens coeruleopunctatus and Cryptoheros panamensis in two tributaries of the Chagres River / Panama Canal drainage, Soberania National Park area, Panama. Sequence data from the ITS-1 region of the rRNA genome corroborate the identifications based on diagnostic morphological features. The tapeworm was not found in 201 of the other 15 species of fish belonging to 6 families that were collected during the same time. Using historical records, we argue that the tapeworm was likely introduced with the stocking of one of its principal hosts, grass carp, during early attempts to control aquatic vegetation in the Canal zone, and we predict that it is probably more widely distributed in the area, especially in Gatun Lake. The impact of this tapeworm on the native fish resources of Panama remains unknown, but is noteworthy for its presence in an already ecologically impacted region of the Neotropics.


Since 1973 the increase in revenues from petroleum has resulted in a substantial migration of workers to the oil exporting countries of the Middle East. Discussion focuses on the policies being used to minimize the costs and maximize the advantages of emigration, including description and evaluation of measures and proposals for further action. No action seems to have been taken to regulate the present wave of Middle Eastern emigration, probably because in its initial stages it proved an unmixed blessing for the labor exporting countries. Steps should have been taken to protect the emigrants. Their living conditions are unsatisfactory in some host countries, and frequently they are exploited by the unscrupulous middlemen who arranged their employment and wages. No effective international agreements, multilateral or bilateral, have been concluded to deal with these problems. A policy response is required as labor shortages emerge in the later phases of emigration, especially as the balance of payments situation improves and reserves rise. An appropriate strategy should combine both supply and demand management measures. It should avoid overambitious antiinflationary objectives. For the majority of the labor exporting countries discussed here, foreign exchange earnings from migrants have reached sizable amounts, exceeding, for example, $1 billion in Egypt, India, Pakistan, and the Yemen Arab Republic. Countries are maximizing those receipts by resorting to compulsion and surrender requirements. Emigrants should be coaxed and not compelled to remit currently a high proportion of savings and to invest a low percentage in the country where they work or in 3rd countries. Remittances by workers during the period of their stay in foreign countries are made for family maintenance and for investment. The most effective way to satisfy emigrants that they will be able to reexport their assets is to remove all restrictions on payments. Going beyond general policies to create a favorable investment climate, almost all labor exporting countries are providing facilities and incentives for specific transactions of interest to emigrants. Policies which create a favorable investment climate and facilitate the construction of housing can be helpful in attracting emigrants back to their country of origin.


Halogen cleavage reactions of SnRnPh4–n have been explored as routes to sterically hindered organotin halides SnRnX4 –n[R = hindered alkyl group: Pri, CH2CMe2Ph, or C(SiMe3)3; n= 1 or 2]. While the method works well for simple alkyl groups reaction of X2(X = Cl or Br) with Sn[C(SiMe3)3]Ph3 usually forms Sn[C(SiMe3)3]PhX2. The compound Sn[C(SiMe3)3]X3 can be formed when FeBr3 is added as catalyst. Reaction of Sn(CH2Ph)2[C(SiMe3)3]Cl with Br2 yields Sn(CH2C6H4Br-p)2[C(SiMe3)3]Br, while the same compound in reaction with aqueous HBr yields both Sn(CH2Ph)2[C(SiMe3)3](OSiMe3) and Sn(CH2Ph)2[C(SiMe3)3][CH2CHC(SiMe3)2]. The identity of the latter two compounds has been confirmed by X-ray crystallography.


Javanese Novel." The relationships between mental vigilance and moral responsibility, coincidence and causation, and social and cosmological order, are covered in chapter 3, "Novelistic Discourse and Social Reality." Chapter 4, "Ideology in the Novel," examines three types of Javanese novel: the priyayi, the panglipur wuyung, and the modernist. These topics, and the analysis that goes with them, are illustrated and supported by generous, well-crafted translations from, and occasionally complete summaries of, specific novels. Anyone with even passing acquaintance with Java will recognize the social and moral views being investigated and find the discussion illuminating. Of particular significance are the comments on the function of the middle-class individual in "hold[ing] the disparate elements in society together." Additionally, comments on Javanese literary reflections of the Indonesian Revolution and on the Dutch role in creating priyayi culture and all of its internal conflicts will be of special interest to the historian. Three main questions are left hanging. One concerns the criticism of Javanese culture and social mores by Javanese themselves, indeed in novels and essays written in the Indonesian language. Quinn mentions this problem obliquely, by asking why some writers have chosen to write in Javanese when it has been shown by many distinguished authors that a Javanese literary life can be had in Indonesian and by noting that some Javanese criticize the Javanese language for being "feudal" but a thorough answer, or even a good formulation of the problem, is missing. A second question mentioned but passed over rather too quickly is that of the relationship between the aesthetics of Javanese and Indonesian writing. This leads to a third question: whether something is unique about Javanese sensibilities and outlooks. Quinn has constructed his book around the supposition that there is, although he makes the argument more frequently implicitly than explicitly. (The notion that Javanese is "feminine" and Indonesian "masculine" seems at best rather forced, whatever Arswendo Atmowiloto says [p. 285}). I was struck many times, as I read Quinn's descriptions of Javanese attitudes and their expression in novels, how easily he could be speaking of contemporary Indonesian cinema, and how useful his analysis is to understanding the—to the Western eye—strange aesthetic, story line, and social view found in numerous popular films.


Evidence is presented that monoamine oxidase is involved in the metabolism of dopamine in brain. Thus 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid has been demonstrated to occur in the brains of three species investigated, including man. That this acid was derived from dopamine after oxidative deamination seemed probable as it was found to be localized in the same areas of the brain as dopamine and it disappeared after inhibition of monoamine oxidase with iproniazid. The capacity of this enzyme in brain seemed to be sufficient for the plausible inactivation rate of dopamine in this tissue.


The responses of certain muscles to stimulation at different frequencies has been studied in normal dogs. Repetitive stimulation at 10 and 20 Hz resulted in a smooth, progressive decremental response when the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) was recorded from the plantar, and to a lesser extent the palmar, interosseous muscles. In contrast, there was a slight incremental response when the CMAP was recorded from the cranial tibial muscle. Studies using a competitive neuromuscular blocking agent have suggested that the plantar interosseous muscles have a greater proportion of low efficacy synapses in comparison with the other muscles studied. The cranial tibial muscle may therefore be more suitable for assessing neuromuscular transmission than the distal limb muscles.


Recalling its resolutions 49/28 of 6 December 1994, 52/26 of 26 November 1997, 54/33 of 24 November 1999, 57/141 of 12 December 2002, 58/240 of 23 December 2003, 59/24 of 17 November 2004 and other relevant resolutions concerning the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ("the Convention"), Having considered the report of the Secretary-General, the addendum thereto and also the reports on the sixth meeting of the United Nations Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea ("the Consultative Process"), 4 the second International Workshop on the regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socioeconomic aspects, and the fifteenth Meeting of States Parties to the Convention,


The paper provides the research findings about the relationship between research productivity and teaching effectiveness: Are faculty with excellent publication records the only qualified to teach? The average college correlation between scholarly productivity and instructional effectiveness - as perceived by students - was .12 (Feldman, 1987). Feldman concluded that 'in general for all practical purposes, the relationship between the two is essentially unrelated."


The aim of this in-vivo study was to assess the incidence of four root canals in clinical cases of root-treated mandibular first molars in Bangladeshi population. A clinical study of 135 root canal treated permanent mandibular first molars was conducted. The teeth were examined clinically and radiographically. The results showed that 52.59% of the examined teeth had three root canals (two mesial and one distal), 45.92% had four root canals (two mesial and two distal) and 0.0148% had five root canals (three mesial and two distal). All the teeth had two roots and no three rooted mandibular first molar found. So it can be concluded that the occurrence of three root canals in mandibular first molar is higher but four root canals is also high in Bangladeshi population. Update Dent. Coll. j: 2014; 4 (2): 04-08


We use first-principles simulation and alchemical mixing approximation to reveal the unique double band inversion and topological phase transition in Ge Sn alloys. Wave function parity, spatial charge distribution and surface state spectrum analyses suggest that the band inversion in Ge Sn is relayed by its first valence band. As the system evolves from Ge to -Sn, its conduction band moves down, and inverts with the first and the second valence bands consecutively. The first band inversion makes the system nontrivial, while the second one does not change the topological invariant of the system. Both of the band inversions yield surface modes spanning the individual inverted gaps, but only the surface mode in the upper gap associates with the nontrivial nature of tensile-strained -Sn.


With the analysis and comparison for pros and cons of three vacuum pumps technically reformed based on three stage steam jet pump used in aromatics extraction plant,the advantage of liquid vacuum pump series connected air-ejector set in application was analyzed.It was concluded that liquid vacuum pump series connected air-ejector set is more suitable on aspects of reliability,safety and cost.


Vascular function may be impacted by the known elevation of oxidative stress in COPD. Surprisingly, little is known about the importance of these phenomena on the pathology of this disease. This study aimed to characterize vascular function measured by flow‐mediated vasodilation (FMD) in patients with COPD and determine the effect of an antioxidant cocktail (AOC). Patients (ages 69–79 yrs) performed a pulmonary function test to determine disease severity. In a randomized, double‐blind, experimental design (2 days), FMD was evaluated following the ingestion of either a placebo or an AOC. Both the placebo (sugar pills) and the AOC consisted of two doses (AOC: totals = 1,000mg of vitamin C, 800 IU of vitamin E, and 600 mg of α‐lipoic acid). The FVC/FEV1 (%) was 58±7%. The FMD (%), absolute change in diameter, and FMD/shear was 1.1±0.1 vs. 2.3±1.1%, 0.003±0.000 vs. 0.007±0.003 cm, and 0.12±0.05 vs. 0.17±0.00 au, for the placebo and AOC respectively. Shear (AUC) to peak dilation was 27% greater following antioxidant supplementation when compared with placebo (13569± 6584 vs. 10683± 3697 s−1). In conclusion, there appears to be an improvement in vascular function, measured via FMD, with the ingestion of an antioxidant cocktail in patients with COPD. Supported by TRDRP 15RT‐0100 and Parker B Francis Fellowship.


An experimental study of the low-frequency noise in GaAs MESFET's grown on InP substrates is reported. The influence of the biases applied to the gate, backgate, and drain in the ohmic region is investigated in order to identify and characterize the 1/f noise origin. We find that this noise can be explained by carrier number fluctuations in the channel and related to trapping phenomena. The traps responsible for this noise are located near the channel-buffer interface. Moreover, the noise behavior exhibits for a well-defined gate voltage, corresponding to the case where the drain current flows near the channel-buffer interface, a GR-type (Lorentzian) noise spectrum emerging from a quite general 1/f noise. This last spectrum corresponds to a single trap level with a density of N/sub T/=10/sup 16/ cm/sup -3/ and a time constant /spl tau/=1.8 ms which may be attributed to crystal defects present in the GaAs layers.