Acquiring computing skills is essential not only to work in computer science but also because many impactful discoveries occur at the interface between traditional scientific disciplines and computing and data science. Time-bounded events such as hackathons can provide an opportunity for newcomers to experience programming firsthand in a collaborative environment. Just providing access to computational resources, however, is not sufficient because newcomers will likely require guidance and support in order for them to perceive their participation in a hackathon as a positive experience propelling them to future success in the subject. We have developed a hackathon format for this purpose that we have successfully applied during in-person events for two years. The global pandemic of 2020, however, forced us to move towards a virtual format. In this paper, we report on our experience making this transition. We will specifically elaborate on two online events, discuss successes and failures and provide suggestions for hackathon organizers.


This study evaluated if the X-ray densitometry of briquettes can help better understand the compactness of the biomass and also help improve the production process of briquettes. It has been observed and was confirmed through the X-ray densitometry that the internal density in the briquettes is not distributed homogeneously. The consequence of this is the production of fragile briquettes, which are also dimensionally unstable. Laboratory briquettes have been produced with residues of Eucalyptus sp. at different pressures, temperatures and particle size. Samples of these briquettes with different thicknesses underwent the technique of the X-ray densitometry. The compression strength of the briquettes was evaluated, as well as their energetic characteristics. It has been verified that there is a high and positive correlation of the density of the briquettes and their compression strength. The X-ray densitometry profiles of briquette samples measuring 3 mm and 10 mm thick offered a significant difference, which showed that the thickness of the samples needs to be better defined. The average density of the briquettes found through X-ray densitometry was quite different from the one obtained in the gravimetric method. This supported the need to adjust the method of X-ray densitometry of briquettes. It was concluded that the X-ray densitometry is pertinent for an analysis of the quality of the briquettes but it is still necessary to define the ideal thickness of the briquette samples to obtain better results.


Two implementations of the complementary relationship hypothesis for regional evapotranspiration, the Complementary Relationship Areal Evapotranspiration (CRAE) model and the Advection‐Aridity (AA) model, are evaluated against independent estimates of regional evapotranspiration derived from long‐term, large‐scale water balances (1962–1988) for 120 minimally impacted basins in the conterminous United States. The CRAE model overestimates annual evapotranspiration by 2.5% of mean annual precipitation, and the AA model underestimates annual evapotranspiration by 10.6% of precipitation. Generally, increasing humidity leads to decreasing absolute errors for both models, and increasing aridity leads to increasing overestimation by the CRAE model and underestimation by the AA model, with the exception of high, arid basins, where the AA model overestimates evapotranspiration. Overall, the results indicate that the advective portion of the AA model must be recalibrated before it may be used successfully on a regional basis and that the CRAE model accurately predicts monthly regional evapotranspiration.


PurposeThe purpose of this research is to reveal how to improve the quality of entrepreneurship by exploring the key factor, opportunity development, impacting the innovation strategy of new ventures. It also introduces political and business ties as moderating variables to reveal the uniqueness of entrepreneurial activities in the Chinese context.Design/methodology/approachEmpirical data from 215 entrepreneurs and top executives in Chinese new ventures were gathered through a survey and the statistical method used is the regression model.FindingsThe empirical results indicate that: (1) new ventures' opportunity creation positively impacts innovation strategy, while opportunity discovery has a curvilinear (inverted U-shape) impact on innovation strategy; (2) the relationship between opportunity development and innovation strategy is moderated by political and business ties.Originality/valueThis research analyzes and compares the effect of opportunity discovery and opportunity creation on new ventures' innovation strategy. This research further offers an in-depth understanding of the influence mechanism between opportunity development and innovation strategy among Chinese new ventures. Further, the results provide practical guidance for new ventures to develop innovation strategies and for Chinese governments to make entrepreneurial policies.


A recurrent neural network is introduced for the N-stage optimal control problem. The new neural network is based on a reformulation of the original optimal control problem and the gradient method. The simulation results on two examples indicate that the new neural network is quite effective.


A major issue in MANET is degradation in TCP throughput due to node mobility, interference, unreliable medium and route failures. Additionally, TCP suffers because it is unable to distinguish segment loss either due to route failures or due to congestion. Sometimes, TCP misinterprets wireless error as congestion. Another major issue of MANET relates to routing. Aiming at performance enhancement in MANET, we present a cross-layer solution that deals with increased RTT and congestion, and removes false interpretation of link failure due to node movement. We modify lower layer and use link stability information. We modify TCP New Reno to improve TCP performance. We involve DSDV and AODV routing protocol in our study. Along with this, we analyze performance of both actual and modified TCP New Reno implementations in term of Packet Delivery Fraction and Throughput.


Predicting depth from single monocular image is a challenging task in scene understanding. Most existing work predicts depth by regression or classification with features extracted from local neighborhood area. However, neither regression nor classification achieves the final satisfying solution and local context can be insufficient to predict the depth. This paper innovatively addresses this problem as regression of class related features on a piled residual convolutional neural network. Our framework works at two stages. First, a well-designed deep convolutional neural network model is employed to classify the depths in difference-scale invariance space. The model utilizes all scales of context though piled residual paths. The deeper layers that capture high-level semantic features with long-range context can be directly refined using fine-grained features with local context from earlier convolutions. We then apply centered information gain loss to the model to produce intra-class compact and inter-class discriminative features. Second, to obtain depths instead of class labels, we infer depth regression with convolutional layers which model the mapping from class discriminative features to continuous depth values. Experiments on the popular indoor and outdoor datasets show competitive results compared with the recent state of the art methods.


et al. Met 358 to Arg mutation of alpha 1-antitrypsin associated with protein C deficiency in a patient with mild bleeding tendency. J Clin Invest 1992; 89: 1537– 43. 4 Hua B, Fan L, Liang Y et al. Alpha1antitrypsin Pittsburgh in a family with bleeding tendency. Haematologica 2009; 94: 881–4. 5 Emmerich J, Alhenc-Gelas M, Gandrille S et al. Mechanism of protein C deficiency in a patient with arginine 358 alpha 1-antitrypsin (Pittsburgh mutation): role in the maintenance of hemostatic balance. J Lab Clin Med 1995; 125: 531–9. 6 HeebMJ, Bischoff R, CourtneyM et al. Inhibition of activated protein C by recombinant alpha 1-antitrypsin variants with substitution of arginine or leucine for methionine358. J Biol Chem 1990; 265: 2365–9. 7 Guttman O, Baranovski BM, Schuster R et al. Acute-phase protein a1-anti-trypsin: diverting injurious innate and adaptive immune responses from non-authentic threats. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 179: 161–72. 8 Bouckaert PXJM, Evers JLH, Doesburg WH et al. Patterns of changes in proteins in the peritoneal fluid of women during the periovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle. J Reprod Fert 1986; 77: 329–36. 9 Larsson A, Palm M, Hansson LO et al. Reference values for alpha1-acid glycoprotein, alpha1-antitrypsin, albumin, haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, IgA, IgG and IgM during pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2008; 87: 1084–8. 10 Chimura T, Morisaki N, Saitoh N. Postoperative changes in amount of granulocyte-elastase, alpha 1-antitrypsin and other acute phase reactants in blood in obstetrical and gynecological patients. Jpn J Antibiot1989; 42: 1863–7.


This research aimed to study the foraging characteristics of C.temminck and P.dominic by the methods of focal-animal sampling and human-disturbance experiment at the beach of Nansha River(the Qufu section of Yihe River) and Beisha river(the Qufu section of Sihe River) in the city of Qufu from March to June,2006.Results of focal-animal sampling showed that the beach of the river and the mudflat was the main foraging areas of C.temminck and P.dominic,and the P.dominic prefers to foraging in the area with sand fundus.Fish,shrimp,earthworm and the aquatic insects were their main food.There are significant differences between the forging times and flush distances of two kinds of birds with different degrees of human disturbance.And the foraging behaviors of C.temminck and P.dominic were significantly affected by the human activities in the shorebirds foraging areas.


The Internet of Things is the network, which connects and controls devices over internet. It has many applications in energy systems and industrial informatics including wireless and mobile networks of devices and sensors. IoT technologies for control systems of electric machines in drives and renewable energy systems are examined in order to promote further reduction in the energy consumption combined with improved monitoring and management. The development of teaching methods for the emerging knowledge regarding IoT in energy systems is a challenge. This article focuses on selected issues regarding research and development of IoT technologies for smart applications in energy industry and electric drives, while promoting the implementation of new experiments in laboratory for educational purposes aiming at the enhancement of studies in electrical engineering.


The authors wish to make the following correction to this paper (Cecotti, H.; Rivet, B. Subject Combination and Electrode Selection in Cooperative Brain-Computer Interface Based on Event Related Potentials. Brain Sci. 2014, 4, 335–355): Due to an internal error, the reference numbers in the original published paper were not shown, and the error was not due to the authors. The former main text should be replaced as below.


According to the literature, the state of California and Alaska have the largest percentage of Hmong who have no education (Lee, Pfeifer, & Seying, 2000). Many of them came to the US from Laos, following the communist takeover of Laos in 1975. Hailing from a drastically different cultural geography, and with very high levels of illiteracy, they face many challenges coming to the United States. Many Hmong people living in the US do not speak or have very little understanding of the English language.


These authors have somewhat neglected the potential effects of such processes on airport planning, and in particular, the capacity to built and develop major airport infrastructures throughout Europe. Indeed, airports have long been considered as mere tools in service of supporting the development of airlines, civil aviation industries and air traffic. This somewhat functionalist approach to airport infrastructures and to their managing authorities, i.e. airport management authorities, underestimates their structuring role over policy-making dynamics in this sector. Indeed, whereas external factors such as internationalization, liberalization and European integration were considered as major explanations of policy change by political scientists, the study of internal factors such as territorial dynamics, social and political mobilizations, and devolution processes were abandoned to urban sociologists and social movement theorists. By contrast, we argue that the dynamics of airport planning, i.e. how, by whom and where airports are built, modernized and extended, also contribute to explaining processes of policy change in the air transport domain, and to a larger extent, evolving relationships between State and civil society in Europe.


Five coumarins and a pyrimidine were isolated from the roots of Angelica gigas. Their structures were elucidated as bergapten (1), decursinol angelate (2), decursin (3), nodakenetin (4), uracil (5) and nodakenin (6) by spectral analysis. Among them, bergapten (1) and uracil (5) were isolated for the first time from this plant part.


We read with great interest the article by Neuss et al ("A Process for Measuring the Quality of Cancer Care: The Quality Oncology Practice Initiative") in the September 1, 2005, Journal of Clinical Oncology, and the Quality Oncology Practice Initiative (QOPI) article from the January 2006 JOP. From the perspectives of an electronic health record (EHR) vendor and a practicing oncologist, we found the reports on the QOPI system timely and laudable, and the results are encouraging. That the indicators largely improved between the two survey rounds was encouraging, especially given that the project is in its infancy. What was disheartening, however, was that the capability for collecting quality indicators using EHR systems was entertained neither in the conception of the study nor in the associated article discussions. While this is understandable given the limited penetration of EHR systems, it neglects considerations for scaling and evolving the QOPI program.

Oncology-specific EHR systems are currently available and are capable of providing a robust infrastructure for support of quality-improvement projects. These systems will likely render manual data abstraction and collection methods obsolete, and help reduce the $1,000 per-practice cost for the QOPI assessment—a cost that increases dramatically when applied to a nationwide system. Furthermore, the use of EHR systems in oncology will undoubtedly increase over time, and their costs can be offset by their potential for promoting efficiency, reducing medical errors, and enhancing quality care. Initiatives launched by the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, the promotion of the Oncology Demonstration Programs by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and proposed legislation encouraging Pay for Performance, as well as patient demands, all suggest that widespread adoption of EHR systems by oncologists is imminent.

Advantages of embedding quality measures into the core of an EHR system abound. Indicators can be "calculated" based on data entered during the course of routine care, and reports of quality could become routine. Quality for all patients, not just a random few, could be tracked and quantified in real time. Using EHR systems, aggregation across practices along with centralized collection, comparison, and analysis is more readily supported. The same may be true for methods of abstracting, reviewing, auditing, and identifying other leading and lagging quality indicators. By promoting and standardizing QOPI measures, data from disparate EHR systems could be compared, and otherwise leveraged in support of quality management. Perhaps most importantly, an EHR can help promote the very quality it is responsible for measuring, by enforcing rules such as "no chemotherapy administration unless a consent is present."

We believe that quantification of most of the 11 QOPI indicators is already possible using commercially available oncology-specific EHR systems. However, as the QOPI project evolves, the following EHR-specific criteria would add significantly to the "ideal and practical" criteria introduced by the authors:

Coordination and standardization of indicators among all the stakeholders, including professional societies, insurers, payers, patient advocacy groups, governmental organizations, accreditation bodies, and the practices themselves

Consideration for ease of "calculating" the indicator from measures already present in an EHR. For example, whether an explicit statement of the patient's staging has been entered is far easier to "calculate" and validate than whether there was appropriate use of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for a subset of breast cancer patients

It is vital that all stakeholders agree upon a standardized nomenclature, lest the field degenerate into a "Tower of Babel."

We agree with the authors that a process for gathering data concerning the quality of oncology care in individual practices needs to be expeditiously designed and implemented. The QOPI system may indeed allow rapid feedback of performance data for each of the selected indicators, but probably not as efficiently and rapidly as a QOPI-equipped EHR system. In an era where EHRs are coming of age, the time to incorporate indicators into the core of such systems is now. EHR vendors have an interest in collaborating in the development and adaptation of current indicators, but the responsibility of equipping EHRs to measure, track, and enhance quality in the oncology practice belongs to all of us.


We study generalizations of Steffensen's inequality using Hermite expansions with integral reminder. In comparing differences of two weighted integrals we vary on the number of knots in expansion which leads us to generalization of conditions for Steffensen's inequality. After that, we construct exponentially convex functions and Cauchy means.


ABSTRACT Many distributions of sedimentologic (and other geologic) data are non-Gaussian. Of nine examples studied in detail, seven are Pearson's Type IV, and two are Pearson's Type I. Each plots as a zig-zag line composed of two or more straight-line segments on probability paper. The zig-zag pattern appears to be caused by a deficiency of particles of certain sizes. This is perhaps a general, rather than a local, condition, as has been pointed out by many workers.


Due to sluggish ability to listen and speak for students majoring in Japanese in vocational colleges,Japanese teaching shall pay more attention to listening by thinking to follow,carrying out intensive listening and reading so as for students to adapt to Japanese thinking and expressions and improve their listening and speaking abilities.


The resummation of $O(\alpha^{l+1} \ln^{2l} x)$ terms in the evolution kernels of non--singlet combinations of structure functions is investigated for both QED abd QCD. Numerical results are presented for unpolarized and polarized structure functions.


Direct measurements of heat balance (turbulent heat transfer and evaporation heat consumption) by the method of turbulent pulsations in 1998-2000 and 2002-2004 were used to obtain information on the daily, seasonal, and annual dynamics of energy fluxes and mass transfer between the atmosphere and the typical ecosystems of Siberia (middle-taiga pine forest and raised bog, true four-grass steppe, with the use of data for typical tundra) along the Yenisei meridian (90 degrees E).


Cognitive radio requires efficient and reliable spectrum sensing of wideband signals. In order to cope with the sampling rate bottleneck, new sampling methods have been proposed that sample below the Nyquist rate. However, such techniques decrease the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), deteriorating the performance of subsequent energy detection. Cyclostationary detection, which exploits the periodic property of communication signal statistics, absent in stationary noise, is a natural candidate for this setting. In this paper, we consider cyclic spectrum recovery from sub-Nyquist samples, in order to achieve both efficiency and robustness to noise. To that end, we propose a structured compressed sensing algorithm, which extends orthogonal matching pursuit to account for the structure imposed by cyclostationarity. Next, we derive a lower bound on the sampling rate required for perfect cyclic spectrum recovery in the presence of stationary noise. In particular, we show that the cyclic spectrum can be reconstructed from samples obtained at $4/5$ of the Nyquist rate, without any sparsity constraints on the signal. If the signal of interest is sparse, then the sampling rate may be further reduced to $8/5$ of the Landau rate. Once the cyclic spectrum is recovered, we estimate the number of transmissions that compose the input signal, along with their carrier frequencies and bandwidths. Simulations show that cyclostationary detection outperforms energy detection in low SNRs in the sub-Nyquist regime. This was already known in the Nyquist regime, but is even more pronounced at sub-Nyquist sampling rates.


—Spatial heterogeneity has been examined only recently as a factor in studies of ecosystem processes. The effect of this factor on desert organisms is exemplified in the "fertile island"—a concentration of essential soil nutrients under perennial shrubs. In this study we examined fertile island patterns in undisturbed desert areas and on abandoned roadways to see at what rate and magnitude these fertile patches reappeared after disturbance. Small-scale examination of patterns of soil P, organic matter, moisture, and bulk density showed that soils beneath Larrea tridentata (DC.) Cov. shrubs on the roads lacked the tight circular gradient in these variables that was characteristic of soils beneath control shrubs, even 88 years after road abandonment. The nature of the initial soil disturbance altered both spatial patterns of soil N and temporal patterns of fertile island development. Fertile island patterns for total soil N, available P, and organic matter were more circular than patterns for bulk density, texture, or pH. We suggest that patterns of soil heterogeneity may develop first for elements that may be limiting to desert shrub growth (N, P, organic matter), followed by spatial development in other less limiting soil factors (bulk density, texture, pH).


The conversion of study in two dimensional (x, y) medium into three dimensions space (x, y, z) of a magnetohydrodynamic mixed convective heat and mass transfer boundary layer flow of a thin film second-grade fluid with temperature dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity in the presence of thermal radiation and viscous dissipation past a stretching sheet is analyzed. The occurrence of Hall current in two dimensional (x, y) medium produces a force in z-direction which generates a cross flow in that direction and so the motion is made in three dimensions space (x, y, z). Similarity transformations are used and the transformed system of equations of the problem has been solved by utilizing homotopy analysis method. The salient impacts of the emerging parameters on velocities, temperature and concentration fields have been displayed graphically and illustrated.The conversion of study in two dimensional (x, y) medium into three dimensions space (x, y, z) of a magnetohydrodynamic mixed convective heat and mass transfer boundary layer flow of a thin film second-grade fluid with temperature dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity in the presence of thermal radiation and viscous dissipation past a stretching sheet is analyzed. The occurrence of Hall current in two dimensional (x, y) medium produces a force in z-direction which generates a cross flow in that direction and so the motion is made in three dimensions space (x, y, z). Similarity transformations are used and the transformed system of equations of the problem has been solved by utilizing homotopy analysis method. The salient impacts of the emerging parameters on velocities, temperature and concentration fields have been displayed graphically and illustrated.


This paper presents the design of a robust Restricted-Model-Based control providing tools for both stability and performance analysis of a class of Single-Input-Single-Output (SISO) Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) systems. The proposed method is evaluated in terms of induced -gain (or so-called norm) to be robust to disturbances, sensor noises and uncertainties on the premise variables. Unlike the common approaches reported in the literature that consider exact premise variables, this work deals with the problem of unmeasured premises. The main results of this paper illustrate that stability and performance conditions can be evaluated by examining the feasibility of parametrised sets of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The proof of stability is based on the non-linear sector approach of the closed loop under Lyapunov conditions, norm and system transformations. The result is a control structure with only one parameter tuned via simple conditions. The performance and applicability of the proposed approach are illustrated through numerical simulations of an academic example.


Homograph attacks are a very common type of security vulnerability on the Web. The attack aims to hide the domain name origin by switching some letters in the URL. As the Web evolves beyond the traditional base of English-speaking users, this kind of threat will increase significantly with the use of non-Latin scripts in the entire domain name. The recent introduction of Internationalized Domain Names (IDN) country-code Top Level Domains (ccTLDs) adaptation has made this new homograph attack possible. This paper outlines some of the possible security risks from using non-Latin scripts in the domain name, using examples drawn from Arabic, including the confusion from transforming the non-Latin scripts to ASCII compatible Encoding (ACE). The paper describes some of the existing defenses against IDN homograph attacks, such as white listing of domains and algorithmic analysis of the scripts in the URL. A preliminary design for a new client-side approach to the problem is also outlined. The approach focuses on drawing the user's attention to possible threats when browsing a non-Latin Web site. Some of the techniques being considered include Punycode generation and comparison, highlighting confusing letters (including increasing font sizes for Arabic script), and pre-fetching thumbnail images of Web pages. These solutions will not prevent the attack, but they can provide a visual defense to the user in an unobtrusive and easily adoptable manner.


The generation of interface misfit dislocations, and the accompanying strain relaxation, in a molecular‐beam epitaxy grown 0.17 μm thick metastable Si0.82Ge0.18/Si(100) strained epilayer have been studied in detail as a function of rapid thermal annealing treatments over the 500–850 °C temperature range. Charge collection and transmission electron microscopy were used to determine the onset of relaxation by directly imaging misfit dislocations and to investigate the variation in dislocation density with increasing anneal temperature. The strain variation in the epilayer was carefully monitored using double‐crystal x‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, and the annealing induced changes in strain related to the electron microscopy observed density of interface misfit dislocations. The relative merit of each experimental technique is discussed in the light of these results. The generation of strain relieving dislocations was found to be an activated process, with an activation energy on the order of 1.5 ...


Background Bariatric gastric bypass surgery is being increasingly performed, but endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in these patients poses a unique challenge because of a lack of per-oral access to the stomach. Small series suggest a higher technical success rate using laparoscopy-assisted ERCP (LA-ERCP) than with an enteroscopic approach via the Roux-en-Y anastomosis. We present initial experience of LA-ERCP in our unit. Design Retrospective case series of consecutive patients undergoing LA-ERCP in our unit between September 2011 and July 2014. Data was retrieved from electronic, clinical and endoscopy records. Results Seven LA-ERCPs were performed. All seven patients were female, with median age 44 years (range 36–71). Indications included symptomatic bile duct stones (5/7), benign papillary fibrosis (1/7) and retained biliary stent (1/7). 5/7 (71%) patients had had a prior cholecystectomy. To facilitate LA-ERCP, laparoscopic gastrostomy ports were created in all patients. Duodenal access, biliary cannulation and completion of therapeutic aim were achieved in all patients. 6/7 (86%) patients required endoscopic sphincterotomy. The median duration of procedures was 94 min (range 70–135). Median postoperative length of stay was 2 days (range 1–9). One patient developed mild postprocedural acute pancreatitis, and another patient developed a mild port-site infection. Otherwise, no procedure-related complications were seen. All patients remained well on follow-up (median 14 months (range 1–35) from date of ERCP), with no evidence of further biliary symptoms. Conclusions Our early experience of LA-ERCP is that it is safe and effective. The technique may require particular consideration, as bariatric surgery is increasingly performed, in a patient group at significant risk of bile duct stones.


Networks model a variety of complex phenomena across different domains. In many applications, one of the most essential tasks is to align two or more networks to infer the similarities between cross-network vertices and to discover potential node-level correspondence. In this article, we propose ELRUNA (elimination rule-based network alignment), a novel network alignment algorithm that relies exclusively on the underlying graph structure. Under the guidance of the elimination rules that we defined, ELRUNA computes the similarity between a pair of cross-network vertices iteratively by accumulating the similarities between their selected neighbors. The resulting cross-network similarity matrix is then used to infer a permutation matrix that encodes the final alignment of cross-network vertices. In addition to the novel alignment algorithm, we improve the performance of local search, a commonly used postprocessing step for solving the network alignment problem, by introducing a novel selection method RAWSEM (random-walk-based selection method) based on the propagation of vertices' mismatching across the networks. The key idea is to pass on the initial levels of mismatching of vertices throughout the entire network in a random-walk fashion. Through extensive numerical experiments on real networks, we demonstrate that ELRUNA significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art alignment methods in terms of alignment accuracy under lower or comparable running time. Moreover, ELRUNA is robust to network perturbations such that it can maintain a close-to-optimal objective value under a high level of noise added to the original networks. Finally, the proposed RAWSEM can further improve the alignment quality with a smaller number of iterations compared with the naive local search method. Reproducibility: The source code and data are available at https://tinyurl.com/uwn35an.


31 This work assesses the potential of using energy from the biogas and sludge generated in 32 UASB reactors at the Laboreaux Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). Two scenarios were 33 considered: (i) priority use of biogas for the thermal drying of dehydrated sludge and the use 34 of the excess biogas for electricity generation in an internal combustion engine (ICE); and (ii) 35 priority use of biogas for electricity generation and the use of the heat of the engine exhaust 36 gases for the thermal drying of the sludge. Scenario 1 showed that the electricity generated is 37 able to supply 22.2% of the STP power demand, but the thermal drying process enables a 38 greater reduction or even elimination of the final volume of sludge to be disposed of. In 39 Scenario 2, the electricity generated is able to supply 57.6% of the STP power demand; 40 however, the heat in the exhaust gases is not enough to dry the total amount of dehydrated 41 sludge. 42


Traffic accident risk of young drivers(less than 25) is reported to have 8 times as high as that of middle aged drivers(between 30 and 49). Despite the rise of traffic accident risk, few have been attempted to take a look into driving characteristics of young drivers. The purpose of this paper is to analyze age-specific risks of young driver by means of database of insurance and vehicle inspection, thereby collecting data such as age, vehicle mileage, injuries and so on. We conducted Data-Mining(CART) and Portfolio analysis according to age groups(every 10 years). The conclusions which can be drawn from this empirical study are as follows: (1) Despite the fact that young drivers have low vehicle mileage, the rate of fatality is relatively high. (2) Being concerned of vehicle mileage, 24,000km of driving experience is thought to be critical in differing in fatality rate. Having annual average mileage fewer than 24,169 km, accident frequency is relatively lower than that exceeding 24,169 km(1,571 cases). Backed upon these, some recommendations about driver's license system for young driver to improve are given.


[...]health care is a sector with a high consumption of economic resources, and for this reason, it is necessary to improve its organizational results in spite of the reduction of public funding. [...]the number is characterized by a rich selection of both different theoretical references and empirical observations. According to this approach, the identification of the contribution that individual professionals, disciplinary, interdisciplinary and interprofessional teams, complex organizations such as hospitals, diagnostic centers, outpatient clinics and intermediate care facilities can make appears particularly crucial.


The invention relates to a telescopic general lateral pressing mechanism rotating in any angle. A circular hole is formed in the center of a rotary connecting base; a cylinder is arranged on the bottom surface of a rotating bracket, and coaxially fits the circular hole; a sliding groove is formed in the upper surfaced of the rotating bracket; a guide plate is in sliding connection in the sliding groove; a cover plate arranged above the guide plate is connected with the rotating bracket; a baffle plate is arranged on the side end surface of the rotating bracket; a hexagonal connecting screw is connected with the end of the guide plate after penetrating through the baffle plate; the other end of the guide plate is a pressing surface; and an included angle with a vertical directional piece is smaller than 90 degrees and bigger than 0 degrees. The pressing mechanism uses the rotating bracket and a rotary connecting base as a plane rotating pair for realizing the 360-degree rotating characteristic in a plane; and meanwhile, the rotating bracket is provided with the guide plate sliding in the front-back direction, the cover plate and the baffle plate to be in threaded transmission with the pressing mechanism to realize lateral pressing.


When the National Socialists came to power in 1933, a complete paradigm shift took place in the health policy under the principle "Public interest ahead of self-interest". In the early years there was an intense discussion about whether tuberculosis (TB) is more caused by heredity or by infection. Finally, the arguments of leading TB specialists were accepted that TB is predominantly an infectious disease. In 1939, the year Germany started World War II, TB mortality was at its lowest, with only a few countries having lower rates. TB mortality increased in all areas during the war, both in the civilian population and in the Wehrmacht, as well as in prisoners of war, foreign forced laborers and concentration camps. Incapable TB patients were considered biological and social "ballast". They were worthless for the "national community" and had to be socially excluded. Thus one could refuse them the "marriage loan" introduced in the summer 1933, forbid starting from 1935 also the marriage. From 1938 on, TB-patients with open TB, who showed themselves unreasonable, could be compulsorily isolated as "asocial" by public health physicians–mostly pulmonary specialists. There, under prison conditions and with limited food, most patients fell victim to TB in a short time. EspeOriginalarbeit 106 Loddenkemper R et al. Die Lungenheilkunde und... Pneumologie 2018; 72: 106–118 H er un te rg el ad en v on : D eu ts ch e G es el ls ch af t f ür P ne um ol og ie . U rh eb er re ch tli ch g es ch üt zt .


The open road has long been an inspiration for poets. In fact, the "road of life" is a common metaphor. This article offers glimpses of the road from the poet's pen. Walt Whitman, Sam Walter Foss, and Reg Saner are a few of the poets quoted in this brief article.


American maternal overnutrition negatively impacts fetal development. Several epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that overconsumption of diets rich in fats and sugars can have effects spanning three generations. While the negative impact of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), a component heavily present in many processed American foods, is well‐recognized, its effects during fetal development remain largely underexplored. Thus, this study aims to examine the placental and fetal hepatic effects of HFCS maternal overconsumption.


This paper presents the ongoing development of a demonstrator for the Geostationary Atmospheric Sounder (GAS) instrument. GAS utilizes synthetic aperture radiometry to obtain desired spatial (30 km) and temporal (nowcasting) resolution for measurement of atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles under all weather conditions. These parameters are decisively important to meteorological and climate models at all time scales. The instrument development project includes on-ground demonstration of both the imaging performance and the mechanical concept.


In the process of international taxation competition,once a nation cuts down its taxation rate,the other nations have to do the same things.The economy localization is also the reason that the taxation rate descends.In order to draw on foreign investment,competition makes it lower that tax rate of the company between nations.But the government is saving the loss through the way of raising indirect taxation,which makes company cost larger of follow cost and accounting costs.This is also the trend that Marwei business office will track the company taxation and indirect taxation first time.


A systematic description is given of the principle and the present situation of application of the molecular marker techniques,like RFLP analysis,RAPD analysis,ISSR analysis,SSR analysis and AFLR analysis in the plant genetic diversity studyAnd their advantages and disadvantages are compared


Control over wireless channels promises to be a great enabler for an interconnected world. Historically, the "control engineering" and "wireless communications" domains were seen as separate, but with upcoming 5G networks, joint design of wireless control systems promises large gains in both the domains for a wide range of applications. By means of a typical industrial use case of the automated guided vehicles (AGVs), we present a methodology to analyze the latency requirements along with the wireless links from a controller to a plant (downlink) and from a plant to its controller (uplink). From the perspective of a Wireless Communications Engineer, we present a framework to analyze the basic properties of the resulting control cycle in order to derive feasible latency values that differ from the commonly found values in the communications literature. Also, we highlight an approach to derive the proportional-derivative (PD) controller parameters that yield the best control performance according to the integral of absolute error (IAE) criterion. At last, we present the idea of a cross-domain manager (CDM) that is able to translate (in real-time) the current network performance metrics to optimal controller gains.


The recent review by Cohen and Drage (2011) provides a very thorough and practical approach to the management of sepsis in haematology patients. However, two points were possibly overlooked in this comprehensive article – (i) the important role of biphasic activated partial thromboplastin waveform (BPW) as an early predictor of sepsis, and (ii) the increasingly recognized, beneficial effects of the cholesterol-lowering agents, statins, in septic and critically ill patients. BPW was demonstrated initially by our group (Toh et al, 2003) and later confirmed by several other investigators to be an early predictor of sepsis. More importantly, this abnormal laboratory phenomenon has been shown to correlate with the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), probably the worst complication of sepsis (Downey et al, 1998). BPW is an abnormality of the optical transmission waveform obtained during measurement of the activated partial thromboplastin time as part of the routine coagulation screen and, as such, is an inexpensive, rapid, and repeatable tool. BPW is also beneficial with respect to the clinical deterioration of a haemato-oncology patient, to decide whether the worsening condition is related to infection or systemic inflammatory response secondary to other causes, such as chemotherapy-related adverse events. In an 8-month study of 187 consecutive intensive care patients (not specific to haematology) with analyses of BPW, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein (CRP), BPW on day one was significantly more abnormal in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock than in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (Chopin et al, 2006). Two other clinical conundrums in patients with neutropenic fever are the development of clinical signs of sepsis without microbiology proven evidence of infection; and negative blood culture results in the presence of sepsis. Hussain et al (2008) analysed 49 consecutive neutropenic haematological patients over a 10month period and identified the biphasic transmittance waveform (bTW; derivation of BPW) as a rapid marker of sepsis. Interestingly, the bTW results preceded the blood culture results by up to three days, a crucial time in patients with severe sepsis. Thus, BPW can be helpful in deciding the need for antimicrobial therapy in these patients and avoid their unnecessary prescription, reducing the risks of cytopenias, renal impairment and clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea. The review elaborates on procalcitonin as a marker of severe sepsis. However in addition to lack of availability in many hospitals, and high cost, procalcitonin has not fared as well as BPW in predicting severe sepsis. In the study by Chopin et al (2006), among the comparison between C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin and BPW, the latter was more accurate for differentiating patients with severe sepsis and septic shock, with 90% sensitivity and 92% negative predictive value. A more recent paper commented on the combination of BPW and procalcitonin to fare even better, with sensitivity of 79%, specificity of 96% and negative predictive value of 96% for the diagnosis of sepsis (Zakariah et al, 2008). The molecular basis responsible for the development of BPW has been shown by our group to be due to calcium-dependent formation of a complex of CRP and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Given that BPW correlates with poor outcome in septic patients, drugs that affect lipids and CRP levels (e.g. statins) may modify the CRP-VLDL complex formation and thus the sepsis phenomenon, proving to be a cost-effective therapeutic strategy in these situations. Statins have been increasingly identified to have more than just lipid-lowering properties, some of which have beneficial effects in septic and critically ill patients. The two crucial properties in this regard are their anti-inflammatory potential and effects on the coagulation system. Inflammation-coagulation crosstalk is a key component determining the development of DIC and thus, the outcome of septic patients. As such, modifying both these factors can be beneficial in the clinical course of septic patients, as evidenced by the systematic review and meta-analysis of statins for the prevention and treatment of infections. (Tleyjeh et al, 2009). It should however be stressed that further large-scale trials are required before statins can be accepted for anti-infective purposes, possibly in conjunction with existing antimicrobial therapies and should not be considered replacements for these agents in critically-ill haematology subjects. The beneficial effect of statins in critically ill haematology patients may go beyond just the 'anti-infective' properties. These agents are increasingly recognized to be relevant in preventing the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE; Glynn et al, 2009). VTE is a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients and strict thromboprophylaxis protocols are in place in most units. However, haematology patients present additional challenges in that many of these patients are thrombocytopenic, making pharmacological anticoagulation difficult, and have additional risk factors of malignancy and chemotherapeutic agents, which can lead to anticoagulation failure. In these circumstances, statins can be favourable with their absent myelosuppressive effects and minimal drug interactions. correspondence


Explicit representation of cross Mach lines in simple waves has already been obtained for the case of polytropic gases. In the present paper, a more general expression is deduced without restriction to any special type of gases. It is also shown that the distribution of the stream function along a cross Mach line can be expressed in a very simple form.


The modern view of caustics as the singularities of mappings performed by rays is set forth. The substantial progress which has recently been achieved in research on caustic fields can be credited to progress in the theory of the singularities of differentiable mappings (catastrophe theory). This theory has generated an exhaustive classification of the structurally stable caustics and of the corresponding standard diffraction integrals which describe the fields near caustics. The standard integrals can be used to construct both local and uniform asymptotic field representations in the presence of caustics. Asymptotic methods for describing the field have also been developed for penumbral caustics associated with edge catastrophes and for several other types of caustics which arise in wave problems in optics, acoustics, radio propagation, plasma physics, atomic physics, etc.


[23184-28-3] C7H17NOSi (MW 159.34)

InChI = 1S/C7H17NOSi/c1-8(2)7(9)6-10(3,4)5/h6H2,1-5H3

InChIKey = XHZOOXCBXCLEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

(preparation of α,β-unsaturated amides,1 β-enamino amides,2 and γ-trimethylsiloxy amides3)

Physical Data: bp 67–69 °C/4 mmHg; 47–49 °C/0.2 mmHg.

Preparative Methods: although the direct trimethylsilylation of the lithium enolate of N,N-dimethylacetamide3a is the most straightforward approach to the title reagent, other α-silyl amides have been prepared by amidation of the corresponding esters.4 The reaction of aminosilanes with ketene gives the O-trimethylsilylated isomer, which thermally rearranges to the α-trimethylsilylamide.5 In reactions of chlorosilanes with the lithium enolates of amides, larger silyl groups such as the t-butyldimethylsilyl group tend towards O-silylation, and smaller groups on nitrogen lead to C-silylation.3a Thermal isomerization leads to the C-silylated tautomer as the major product (eq 1). The direct C-dimethylphenylsilylation of the lithium enolate of N-methyl-δ-valerolactam has been reported (eq 2).6

(1)

(2)


A straightforward heat exchanger thermal model is presented and verified experimentally. It may be used to predict the performance of a coil that has condensation occurring on the gas side. Experimentally determined heat and mass transfer coefficients are employed in the model Sample data are presented for a wide range of surface wetting conditions. Partially wet heat exchangers are analyzed by employing an area weighting scheme to the dry and wet portions of the coil with moderate success. It is shown that employing a heat / mass transfer analogy in predicting the performance of a condensing heal exchanger may lead to a considerably undersized coil design.


Evolutionary medicine takes a functional and contextual approach to understanding health and disease. The approach is applicable to all health disciplines and can be used to better understand a wide range of medical concerns. This chapter's goal is to outline possible areas of medicine in which evolutionary and ecological logic and principles can make important contributions and to then discuss how one may begin to train the next generation of scholars and clinicians to generate and apply new knowledge. Such an approach has the potential to be genuinely transformative, but an impediment to success is a the field of medicine's proximate explanatory orientation for thinking about health and disease, training clinicians and researchers, and conducting research. The authors propose a change model and utilization of a Tinbergen-esque approach to revolutionize biomedical research.


In his paper, "Teaching Merchant-Class Virtues with Chushingura and The London Merchant," David S. Escoffery examines the different styles of teaching merchant-class virtues in eighteenth-century Japan and England through an analysis of the classical Japanese play Chushingura and the didactic British play The London Merchant. He holds that in both Europe and Japan, the eighteenth century saw the rise of a whole new class, the middle class, to either economic or social power or both. That century was also a didactic age for the theatre. For the first time, the audience could see characters from the new merchant class on stage, and they were expected to learn proper behavior from what they saw there. It is interesting to note, however, that the teaching methods used in Japan were vastly different from those used in Europe. In Japan the teaching was done in a positive way, with representations of virtuous merchants dominating the stage. The merchant class in Japan was not allowed to move up the strict social hierarchy, so they often focused their attention on art as a substitute form of social advancement, which could explain the use of positive teaching methods. In England, on the other hand, the teaching usually came through negative examples with characters showing the audience what not to do. At that point, the middle class in Europe was attempting to naturalize its new value system, teaching those at the bottom of the middle class as if they were children. David S. Escoffery, "Teaching Merchant-Class Virtues with Chushingura and The London Merchant" page 2 of 10 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 5.2 (2003):


The sensor nodes communicate together by wireless techniques, and these communication techniques are handled by routing protocols. The resource limitation and unreliable low power links between the sensor nodes make it difficult to design an efficient routing protocol. The sink may be either static or mobile in the network. In many scenarios, static sink causes hotspots, where the sensor nodes near to the sink die out soon due to transmission overhead. On the other hand, the mobile sink improves the lifetime of a network by avoiding excessive transmission overhead on the nodes that are close to the sink. Further, an attempt is made to resolve the issues of sensor nodes and sink mobility by proposing energy-efficient routing techniques for wireless sensor network. The protocols, analysis and results are especially useful to the researchers, professionals and anyone who is working in the find of Wireless Sensor Networks.


Acentral ingredient of democracy in the United States, according to Tocqueville, was local autonomy – yet the data presented by Professor Austin suggests a fundamental change in the United States since Tocquevilles time. Most local expenditures are now provided by the federal and state governments, most "local" programs are not local at all, for many (if not most) purposes the local government has become an extension of the federal government, and it is often replaced altogether by federally created field agencies (what the French call deconcentrated administration).


The dielectric loss factor (tanδ is an important parameter to assess the running state of power capacitor. Aiming at solving the question that spectrum leak and picket fence effect of traditional harmonic analysis method which are caused by asynchronous sampling and non-integer-period truncation, the modified harmonic analysis method based on Kaiser-window function phase correction is put forward in this paper to measure the dielectric loss factor of power capacitor, according to the Kaiser window function's characteristic that attenuation proportion can be chosen freely, which is between main lobe and side lobe. Under three conditions of the grid frequency fluctuation, the change on the true value of tanδ, and the white noise interference, the measurement errors of this algorithm and the other interpolation algorithms which are based on Hanning Window and Blackman Window are emulated and analyzed. The results show that this method can overcome the impacts of grid frequency fluctuation and white noise more effectively, compared with Hanning and Blackman windows interpolation algorithms, the effect of the modified harmonic analysis method based on Kaiser window is good on restraining frequency spectrum leakage, and the accuracy of this method is high, so that it can meet the requirements of on-line detection of tanδ in power capacitor.


Background and Objectives Physical activity has a great influence on children's health and cognition. Working memory, a key aspect of cognitive function, is heavily implicated in classroom activities. As cognitive function improves in younger ages, identifying a relationship between physical activity and working memory would be beneficial to the child population. The objective of the study was to describe physical activity level and working memory capacity and to determine their relationship in 10 – 11-year-old children. Methods A cross sectional study was done involving 180 (90 boys) 10 – 11-year-old children randomly selected from six schools in Colombo, Sri Lanka. A physical activity questionnaire for children (PAQ-C) was used to assess the physical activity level. A wall mounted stadiometer and an electronic weighing scale were used to assess height and weight. To assess verbal and nonverbal components of working memory, the digit span test (forward and backward) and Corsi block tapping test (forward and backward) were used. Ethics clearance was obtained from the Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo. Data was analyzed using the independent sample t test, Pearson correlation test and one way ANOVA test on SPSS version 25. Mean PAQ-C score and mean scores for digit span tests and Corsi block tapping forward test were significantly higher in boys compared to girls (p<0.05). Positive correlations were found between physical activity level and digit span forward test (r=0.49; p<0.01), Corsi block tapping forward test (r = 0.31; p<0.01) and Corsi block tapping backward test (r=0.52; p<001). level and working memory capacity where boys outperformed girls.


Abstract: This chapter reviews tissue sealants and adhesives used in surgery, which can be categorized as bioresorbable or biostable and synthetic or bio-derived. The fastest growing of these categories commercially is synthetic bioresorbable sealants, which form into solid gel in situ . Key characteristics of mechanical properties, application to tissue, mechanisms of bonding and biocompatibility are discussed. Finally, descriptions of the major commercial surgical sealants and adhesives in each category are described.


Roots are of key importance for plant development and productivity. Roots are responsible for the uptake of water and nutrients, as well as stability. Complex root systems are very important for the overall plant development. In this study, we evaluated the complexity of the embryogenic root system, i.e., the root system which develops from the seed during germination, by measuring the primary root length (PRL) and the number of seminal roots (NSR). To determine the complexity of the primary root system seed of a genetically highly diverse set of maize inbred lines (N=50) were germinated for six days. Subsequently, the embryogenic root systems were imaged, the image processed, and analyzed for their PRL and NSR. The maize inbred lines significantly (P<0.05) differed for PRL and NSR revealing a strong genetic basis for both traits. Interestingly, we showed that inbred line geographic origin and breeding program explained a significant part of the diversity for root complexity within the diverse set of maize inbreds.


A recent trend in the integration of electric power devices has caused problems of heat management because of high heat generation from the device. Therefore, studies of new materials having high thermal conductivity have been motivated. Polymer-based composites have been paid attention because of its flexibility and energy-saving productivity. In this study, nitride fillers, which have excellent thermal conductivity and electric insulating property, were used as a component of the polymer-based composites. To achieve high thermal diffusion with a small fraction of the fillers, the fillers were aligned by an electric field. Aluminum nitride (AlN) or boron nitride (BN) particles were dispersed in an acrylic polymer. An array of wire electrodes was used to form widely spread electric field. In-plane and throughplane alignment were carried out with varying arrangements of the electrode arrays. Thermal diffusivity in-plane direction of the AlN and BN composites increased about 1.2and 1.7-fold by aligning the fillers as comparing with those without the alignment, respectively. To align the filler in through-plane detection, several kinds of the electrode arrangements were examined. As the best result, the throughplane thermal diffusivity of the aligned AlN composites became 30-fold compared to that without the alignment.


Obesity, Diabetes, and Adrenal Disorders, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice - Libros de Medicina - Pequenos animales - 65,99


Subject matter experts, under the influence of modernist notions of authorship, often view technical writers as mere grammar and punctuation specialists and marginalize them as their ignorant "other. " Technical writers, on the other hand, as rhetoricians occupying a liminal space between different disciplines, can understand different disciplinary rhetorics. If subject matter experts, instead of marginalizing technical writers, would view them as liminal subjects who are knowledgeable in different disciplinary rhetorics, then technical writers, through liminal practice, may be able to use their knowledge of audience and rhetoric to improve the quality of documentation.


In this study, which is used to analyze the data is based on the existing regulations in the manual Indonesian road capacity (MKJI) 1997. The purpose of the study as follows: To know the capacity that occurred on Jendral A. Yani road. To know the level of service on Jendral A. Yani road. To know the travel speeds which is occurred on Jendral A. Yani road with traffic movement with standard MKJI 1997. To know the degree of saturation that occurs in Jendral A. Yani roads with traffic movement with standard MKJI 1997. This study was conducted in Samarinda city in Jendral A. Yani road and the material which is used for the study are survey the field and record directly into some activity Jendral A. Yani road, such as transportation and obstacles side. Documenting transportation as follows: MC  = Motorcycle, scooter, three-wheeled vehicle LV    = Passenger cars, public transportation, Pick Up, Mini bus, Mini Truck HV   = Big bus, Truck > 2 AS or more UM  = Non-motorized vehicles, bicycles, tricycles The results were obtained, and showed that : On Jendral A. Yani road shows that the level of service to an urban street roads in traffic flow condition is not stable at the level of service D ( approaching unstable flow where almost all drivers will limit the volume of services that can be related to the capacity that can be tolerated ( accepted) ) by the degree of saturation, 0.84.


Instead of regarding the classical limit as the limit ℏ→0, an alternative view based on the physical interpretation of the elements of the density matrix is proposed. The derivation of the classical limit of quantum mechanics is carried out in two stages. First, the statistical classical limit is derived, and then, with an appropriate initial condition, the deterministic classical limit is obtained. The derivation hinges on the use of the Feynman path‐integral formulation of quantum mechanics in terms of the density matrix. It is shown that deterministic (Hamilton's or Newton's) classical mehanics is not the classical limit of Schrodinger's wave mechanics. The classical limit of Schrodinger's wave mechanics is only statistical and corresponds to the classical Liouville equation. In order to obtain the deterministic classical limit, it is necessary to start out initially with a quantum mechanical mixture.


Luther's rule has been suggested to explain the action of FeO, or its solid solutions with oxygen, in forming both Fe and Fe3O4. The theories of Ebell and others have also been reviewed. An X-ray analysis of previously fired "cobalt" ground coat and a photomicrograph of an iron-oxide enamel are given.


The time-dose relationship in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease has been previously examined by Scott and Brizel (1), Friedman and Pearlman (2), and Paterson (3). Figure 1 shows how these authors differ in their findings for the time-dose relationship for local control of the disease. The data of Paterson are taken from his book and probably represent an exclusion line, although details are not given. By exclusion line, we refer to one above all failures to control local disease. In control of disease only the local response is considered, that is, whether or not there was recurrence in a treated area, regardless of whether or not there was extension of disease to adjacent or remote areas. Friedman's line was drawn in a similar manner, and again details were not given in his paper, which was primarily concerned with the time-dose relationship in the treatment of mycosis fungoides. Scott's line is based upon data of successful local treatment of Hodgkin's disease, and the line was calculated by the method...


Astyanax rupununi Fowler, 1914, previously considered a junior synonym of A. bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758), is herein proposed as a valid species. The two species may be distinguished by the presence in A. rupununi of a single black club-shaped lateral stripe, the smaller body and caudal peduncle depths, and by the fewer teeth cuspids. Two new species, with the same basic color pattern of Fowler's species, are described: A. clavitaeniatus sp. n. from the upper Branco river, Roraima State, Amazonia, Brazil, and A. siapae sp. n. from the Casiquiare-Orinoco basin, Amazonas and Apure States, Venezuela. A key to the identification of Astyanax species sharing this color pattern is presented.


With the operation of neutral point grounding syste m with small resistance, zero sequence current transformer ha s the problems of huge volume and insufficient accuracy in pra ctical engineering. Using flux constrained zero sequence curren t transformer can solve the problem of crossing three-phase ca ble and reduce the volume of equipment. At present, the design of flux constrained zero sequence current transformer needs t o be studied. Therefore, an optimal design method of flux const rained zero sequence current transformer is proposed. Firstly, the working principle of flux constrained zero sequence curren t transformer is introduced. Secondly, the optimization directio n of flux constrained zero sequence current transformer is pro posed, and the winding method and air gap optimization desig n of flux constrained zero sequence current transformer are ca rried out aiming at accuracy. Finally, the finite element model and circuit simulation model are established for simulation cal culation, and a flux constrained zero sequence current transfor mer is developed and tested. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can be used to design high-p recision flux constrained zero sequence current transformer.


ABSTRACTGT603 (Reg. No. GP-577, PI 659665) is an inbred line of yellow dent maize ( Zea mays L.) developed and released in 2010 by the USDA-ARS Crop Protection and Management Research Unit in cooperation with the University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station. GT603 was developed through seven generations of self-pollination from the maize population GT-MAS:gk (PI 561859), which was released as a source of resistance to Aspergillus fl avus Link:Fr. GT603 was initially selected from early self-pollinated lines under the experimental name GT-P50. Laboratory and fi eld studies demonstrated that GT603 had afl atoxin levels similar to or lower than the related inbred lines GT601 (PI 644026) and GT602 (PI 644027) and the controls Mp313E (PI539859) and Mp715 (PI614819), but it matured earlier than Mp313E and Mp715. The line GT603 is phenotypically different (darker cob and kernel colors and better agronomic traits) from the related lines GT601 and GT602 although the source of resistance may be the same. In hybrid performance tests in 2005 and 2009, GT603 exhibited better combining ability and heterosis with the Stiff Stalk Synthetic (SSS) inbred (B73) than with the non-SSS inbred (Mo17) for afl atoxin level and grain yield.


Family Hope Program (PKH) is a conditional cash transfer in Indonesia that aims to alleviate poverty by improving the welfare of its receivers. Previous studies show that CCT has an impact on welfare observed from household expenditure indicators. This study aims to identify the impact of PKH on household food consumption in East Java Province. Data used in this study is derived from National Economy Social Survey (SUSENAS) of 2018 and the analysis method used is Propensity Score Matching (PSM). The analysis with Matching Nearest Neighbour Without Replacement method shows that PKH significantly improves whole grains food consumption and significantly lower the consumption of prepared food and drinks in households in East Java Province.


A study was carried out in the settling columns with no coagulant and with traditional coagulant Alum, natural coagulant Moringa oleifera, and blended Coagulant Alum and Moringa oleifera. The jar-tests were conducted to determine the optimum dosage of coagulants such as traditional coagulant Alum, Natural coagulant Moringa oleifera, and blended Coagulant Alum and Moringa oleifera to maximize the removal of turbidity from the turbid water. The optimum coagulant dosage showed that the coagulation with blended coagulant Alum and Moringa oleifera was better than Alum. A study was carried out in a specially designed two settling column of diameter 18.5 cm and 30 cm to investigate the settling characteristics of different initial turbidity samples such as 150 NTU (Low), 450 NTU (Medium), 1000 NTU (High). For the alum coagulant with initial turbidity 150 NTU, 450 NTU, 1000 NTU the optimum dosage was found to be 50 mg/ l, 100 mg/ l, 200 mg/ l, respectively. The Optimum dosage for Moringa oleifera coagulant was found to be 125 mg/ l, 200 mg/ l, 350 mg/ l, respectively. Also for Blended coagulant Alum and Moringa oleifera the optimum dosage was found to be Alum-12.5 mg/ l and M.O- 75 mg/ l, Alum-37.5 mg/ l and M.O- 150 mg/ l, Alum- 75 mg/ l and M.O- 200 mg/ l, respectively. In this blending process we reduce the Alum dose up to 75 % for 150 NTU initial Turbidity samples and for 450 NTU, 1000 NTU the Alum dose is reduced up to 62.5 %. So we can reduce the drawbacks of the Alum Coagulant.


Taking wild resources plant Hypericum kouytcheouense as materials,this study systematically discussed the influence of cuttings material selecting,cuttings treatment,exogenous hormones,cutting matrix and environmental conditions such as factors to cutting propagation of it,and mainly explored its production practical technology optimization scheme to cutting seedlings.The results showed that the half-lignifying branch was the best cutting propagation materials of Hypericum kouytcheouense.By 1% NaOH Solution immersing for 10 min,cuttings rooting rate increased significantly.IAA,ABT-2 were significant role in promoting cuttings rooting of Hypericum kouytcheouense,they also could improve the strong seedling rate when transplantation of seedlings.The effect of IAA was slightly stronger than ABT-2.IBA had no obvious promoter action to cuttings rooting of Hypericum kouytcheouense and NAA easily produce phytotoxicity to it.The pearlite+humus(1∶2)was a ideal cuttage matrix,cutting rooting rate was higher and strong seedling the highest rate by using this kind of the matrix.In autumn and winter season,the environmental temperature was vital factor to cutting rooting rate,try to improve environmental temperature and humidity,promote rooting cuttings earlier for raising strong seedling rate.


Objective: The study was conducted to determine the fear of COVID-19 and related factors of parents applying to the hospital for their children.
Method: The study was carried out in a teaching and research hospital in XXXX province of XXX between December 2020 and February 2021. The study sample consisted of a total of 291 parents, including 179 mothers and 112 fathers who applied to the hospital for their children, agreed to participate in the study, and filled out the data collection forms completely. The data were evaluated with the SPSS program, using percentages, averages, the t-test, and ANOVA.
Results: The research is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Of the parents participating in the study, 61.5% were mothers and 38.5% were fathers. The mothers' mean score of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale was found to be statistically significantly higher (20.93±6.51) compared to that of fathers (16.96±7.40)(t=4.795 p=0.000). The fear of COVID-19 of parents of children receiving inpatient treatment and care in the clinic was more than the fear of COVID-19 of parents of children benefiting from the outpatient service. A significant difference was determined between the total score averages of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale of mothers and fathers, respectively, and the fear of COVID-19 transmission from the hospital to their children and themselves, refraining from coming to the hospital due to the pandemic.
Conclusions: It was revealed that the fear of COVID-19 was high in mothers and parents of children who received inpatient treatment in the clinic.


Response of plant antioxidant enzymes to supplementary UV-B radiation and combined stresses is one of the crucial mechanisms to resist stress.Based on recent researches at home and abroad,effects of UV-B radiation on gene expression,transcription and translation of plant antioxidant enzymes were summarized;responses of plant antioxidant enzymes to combined stresses between UV-B radiation and drought,ozone,high temperature,salt,heavy metal and acid rain were also analyzed;impacts of regulatory factors,such as carbon dioxide,ascorbic acid,αNAA,selenium,laser radiation and rare earths,on plant antioxidant enzymes were outlined as well.


FIELD: pharmacology. SUBSTANCE: invention is a dermatological composition containing dapsone, the first solubilising agent, which is monoethyl ether diethylene glycol, polymer thickener and water, where dapsone is present in the composition at a concentration of 3 wt % to 10 wt % and the polymer thickener consists of a acrylamide/sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate copolymer. EFFECT: reduced particle size of dapsone, which leads to minimized feeling of the presence of sand when applied, and decreased dapsone dissolution in the monoethyl ether of diethylene glycol that leads to a more aesthetic appearance of the composition. 19 cl, 3 dwg, 8 tbl, 6 ex


Stem cell therapy is a new strategy for patients with ischemic heart disease. However, no consensus exists on the most optimal delivery strategy, but an important factor that determines the success of stem cell therapy is the choice of cell delivery route to the heart. Delivery strategy affects the fate of cells and subsequently influences outcome of proce ‐ dure. Our review summarizes current approaches for administration of stem cells to the heart. Three most used approaches are intracoronary, intramyocardial, and epicardial injection. They have been widely used for delivery of different types of cells. There are several advantages of these stem cell administration approaches, but stem cell retention and stem cell survival rates are quite low using these methods, which might limit their therapeutic effects. Alternative attempts to improve current stem cell therapy methods are reviewed along with emerging new stem cell delivery approaches. The present chap‐ ter displays the current status on stem cell delivery techniques, their efficacy, and clinical success in different trials.


Objective In order to provide evidence to manage the environmental pollution of water,the contamination of dexamethasone in the effluent water was approached.Methods The effluent waters were collected from the hospitals,hoggeries,waste plants,surface waters on the street and river.The contents of dexamethasone were detected by the method of solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography.Results A certain concentrations of dexamethasone were detected from the effluent waters in the waters before and after treatment of the hospitals and waste plants,in the waters of the hoggeries and the surface waters on the street side by the hospitals.The most content of dexamethasone was in the effluent waters from the lagoon in the hoggery,and was 1050.90±11.67ng/L Then It was 452.05±8.10 ng/L in the effluent waters from the waters before treatment in the special hospitals.The different content of dexamethasone in the waters may be concerned with the usage amount of dexamethasone.Conclusion A certain concentrations of dexamethasone were existed in the effluent water from city.It should be thought highly of the treatment of the effluent waters and taken the homologue measures.


Political science research has established that trust in institutions, including central banks, is shaped by socio-economic and demographic factors, as well as by the assessment of institutional features and by slow-moving components such as culture. However, the role of cognitive processes has been largely neglected, especially in the analysis of central bank trust. In this paper we aim to address this gap focusing on the case of the European Central Bank (ECB).We introduce the concepts of "instinctive trust", which captures an on-the-spot judgement on the institution's trustworthiness, and of "reflective trust", which refers to a more pondered opinion on the matter. Using a survey experiment, we check whether deeper consideration about the ECB promotes more or less trust in the institution compared to an on-the-spot judgement. We find that reflective trust in the ECB is lower than instinctive trust. This result is mainly driven by women, and in particular by those who say they possess a low understanding of the central bank's policies.


[Objective]To study the changes of sputum IL-6,IL-16 and its significance in pneumosilicosis patients and workers exposed in dust.[Methods]110 workers exposed in dust were Selected,54 pneumosilicosis patients,32 workers who are not exposed in dust were selected as control group;Sputum IL-6,IL-16 and pulmonary function(VC;FVC;FEV1;FEV1/FVC;PEF)was detected;The relationship of both length of service and pulmonary function with IL-6 and IL-16 were analyzed.[Results]The level of induction sputum IL-6 was not different in three groups(P0.05),The concentration of induction sputum IL-16 in patients group and workers group were higher than that in control group(P0.05;P0.01),sputum IL-16 was not difference between patients group and workers group(P0.05).There was no relationship between sputum IL-6,IL-16 and length of service(P0.05).Sputum IL-6 had a positive relationship with FEV1/FVC(P0.05);Sputum IL-16 had an evident positive relationship with FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、PEF(P0.05).[Conclusion]The level of sputum IL-16 may preferably reflect the level of inflammation in lung tissue which caused by silicosis.


The magnetic dipole-dipole configuration adopted in sea-floor detection is effectual. A mass of experiments in lab and field are performed in order to analyze the profile characteristic. When the exploration depth and dipolar distance are changed, the form and polarity of the profile are different. The detection result is distinct when the dipolar distance is small. But its peak value is negative. The peak value will change to positive value when the dipolar distance is increased. But the distance can't be increase unbounded. The configuration parameters are chosen by experiment on the land. The exploration result in the sea floor are exact in this equipment


Novel contact materials such as extrinsic conducting polymers can improve contact performance and enable device miniaturisation. This paper presents an investigation of conducting polymer materials used to minimise the effect of fretting slip at the contact interface of connector terminals. Initial experimental studies are presented and a mechanical model is used to describe the polymer interface slip and stick characteristics. For fretting to be minimised the polymer must be sufficiently elastic, with a high coefficient of friction with the contacting terminal, and a sufficient normal force to ensure no slip. Experimental studies of a polymer-tin interface are conducted to characterise contact resistance performance under fretting conditions. A resistance model of the polymer interface is developed.


The present invention relates to a method for preparing a ketone hydrogenation of a styrene ethylbenzene, mainly to solve the low-acetophenone hydrogenation selectivity problems of the prior art. The present invention is employed to mix the liquid and hydrogen-containing acetophenone, cumene as the raw material, the raw material in contact with the reaction catalyst, hydrogenation of acetophenone converted to ethylbenzene feedstock, the catalyst used in parts by weight comprising components: a) 20.0 ~ 60.0 parts by Cu or an oxide thereof; b) 5.0 ~ 55.0 parts by Zn or an oxide thereof; c) 2.0 ~ 15.0 parts by Mn oxide thereof; d) 5.0 ~ 25.0 parts by Al2O3; e) 1.0 to 10.0 parts or an oxide selected from Mg, Ca or an oxide thereof, at least one aspect, or Ba oxide solve this problem, the mixing can be used during production of propylene oxide generated hydrogenation acetophenone was converted to ethylbenzene.


Sufficient conditions are presented for the boundedness of the solutions of a vector nonlinear Volterra integral equation of the second kind that frequently arises in the study of automatic control systems containing an arbitrary finite number of time-varying nonlinear elements. Similar conditions are given for the boundedness of the solutions of the discrete analog of the integral equation. A direct application of the results yields a Nyquist-like frequency-domain condition for the "bounded-input implies bounded-output stability" of a large class of feedback systems containing a single time-varying nonlinear element.


The abstract structure of paradigms reflects the requirements of syntax. This implies
regularity across the lexicon. How then can the structure of a paradigm (rather than
particular forms) be lexicalized? There are possible instances of this in Slavonic, which
we discuss both for their inherent interest and for their relevance to the more general
issue of the syntax-morphology interface. Our approach relies heavily on the notion of
default, and is within the Network Morphology framework (Corbett & Fraser 1993,
Evans, Brown & Corbett 2002, Brown & Hippisley 2012). In this paper the emphasis is
on the interesting conceptual issues, rather than on the formalism.


This part II of the present work is focused on the experimental verification of the snap-through buckling models presented in part I. The construction of the bimorph piezoelectric actuators that are used for the experimental verification is presented in detail. The materials, curing procedure and electrical connectivity of the actuators are shown. The experimental set-up and subsequent results for the non-linear behavior of the bimorph piezoelectric actuators are depicted, providing the necessary arguments for the validity of the models presented in part I. Focus is given to the verification of the modified model with the use of the elastic boundary. Different compression values were provided in order to investigate the limits of linear actuation and the onset of snap-through buckling transition that eventually provides increased actuation output in terms of out-of-plane displacements.


Aiming at the severe lack of water resource in China,the paper analyzes the environment of the water affairs,indicates the contradiction between the government of the water affairs market as well as the water affairs enterprises and the consumers,the contradiction between the investment benefits and the market enlargement,and the contradiction between the market enlargement and the public water price,so as to improve the stable development of the water affairs industry.


The utility model relates to a multipurpose universal swinging chair. The utility model belongs to a mechanical product, which is composed of a backrest, a seat pad, an arc chute panel, a crucifix, wheels, a pan bottom-shaped swing tray, springs, a young children' backrest, a screw rod seat, a footboard for young children and a plate. The multipurpose universal swinging chair is easily fabricated and has low cost, and the multipurpose universal swinging chair can be used as a bassinet for children to sleep, and also as a carriage for children to play with, as well as a comfortable chair for the adults to lie down. The multipurpose universal swinging chair is convenient to operate and belongs to an ideal multi-functional chair.


Induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be differentiated into various somatic cells, including different immune cell types. We have engineered iPSC-derived NK cells with multiple features to generate therapeutic candidates designed to eliminate cancer cells while avoiding recognition by the host immune system. The unlimited replication capacity of iPSCs facilitates the engineering of several genetic modifications without the risk of driving cells to exhaustion as in the case of cell products derived from fully differentiated immune cells. Once all edits are completed, our cells are single-cell cloned and each clone is genetically characterized to select clones without off-target insertions or deletions. Following the genetic characterization, selected clones are differentiated and tested in vitro and in vivo to identify the final clinical candidate. The use of a single-cell iPSC clone enables the generation of a master cell bank producing a highly uniform cell product that can be made available off-the-shelf at any clinical site.
 CNTY-101 is an iPSC-derived CAR-NK clinical candidate for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. It incorporates six gene edits designed to improve persistence and functionality as well as safety. These modifications include edits to reduce graft rejection due to alloreactivity, the expression of a homeostatic cytokine to improve functionality and persistence, the introduction of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting CD19 to mediate tumor cell engagement and killing, as well a safety switch to eliminate the cells, if ever necessary. To prevent rejection by the patient's CD8 T cells, the beta-2-microbulin (ß2M) gene was disrupted with simultaneous insertion of a transgene encoding the HLA-E protein tethered with ß2M and a peptide. HLA-E was introduced to prevent NK cell cytotoxicity against the engineered cells, which lack HLA-I. For resistance to CD4 T cell-mediated allogenic immune rejection, the class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator (CIITA) gene was disrupted with simultaneous insertion of a transgene encoding the extra-cellular and transmembrane domains of EGFR, and the NK cell growth factor IL-15. EGFR provides an elimination tag that can be engaged by clinically approved anti-EGFR antibodies, such as cetuximab. Finally, the CAR transgene targeting the CD19 antigen was inserted into the AAVS1 safe harbor locus.
 Our data indicates that CNTY-101 iNK cells have strong antitumor activity against lymphoma cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, CNTY-101 eliminates lymphoma cell lines through multiple rounds of killing without reaching exhaustion. Clones expressing higher levels of IL-15 tend to have better persistence and functionality, with some clones showing robust cytotoxicity for over fifteen rounds of serial killing. In vivo, the clones that demonstrated better in vitro serial killing tend to mediate the best anti-tumor activity in lymphoma xenograft models. Upon 3 weekly doses, the most active candidate clone demonstrated significant tumor growth inhibition after administration of fresh (91 % tumor growth inhibition) or cryopreserved cells (76 % tumor growth inhibition).
 The efficacy of the EGFR-safety switch was also investigated both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, addition of cetuximab to co-cultures of IL-2-activated PBMC and cells mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in a concentration-dependent fashion, with an EC50 of 2 ng/ml. In vivo, there was a 96% reduction in the number of iPSC-derived CAR-NK cells in the lungs and a 95% reduction in the number of CAR-NK cells in the blood of mice that received cetuximab versus PBS-treated mice.
 In summary, CNTY-101 is a novel, multi-engineered, allogeneic CAR-iNK product candidate for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. It includes multiple immune evasion features to prevent recognition by the patient's immune system and expression of IL-15 to facilitate persistence and functionality. We have initiated GMP manufacturing of CNTY-101 and plan to enter clinical trials in 2022.

 Borges: Century Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Wallet: Century Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Bullaughey: Century Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Naso: Century Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Gurung: Century Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Keating: Century Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Carton: Century Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Wheeler: Century Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Campion: Century Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Mendonca: Century Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Jessup: Century Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Beqiri: Century Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Chin: Century Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Millar Quinn: Century Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Morse: Century Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company.


Given large-scale source code datasets available in open-source projects and advanced large language models, recent code models have been proposed to address a series of critical software engineering tasks, such as program repair and code completion. The training data of the code models come from various sources, not only the publicly available source code, e.g., open-source projects on GitHub but also the private data such as the confidential source code from companies, which may contain sensitive information (for example, SSH keys and personal information). As a result, the use of these code models may raise new privacy concerns. In this paper, we focus on a critical yet not well-explored question on using code models: what is the risk of membership information leakage in code models? Membership information leakage refers to the risk that an attacker can infer whether a given data point is included in (i.e., a member of) the training data. To answer this question, we propose Gotcha, a novel membership inference attack method specifically for code models. We investigate the membership leakage risk of code models. Our results reveal a worrying fact that the risk of membership leakage is high: although the previous attack methods are close to random guessing, Gotcha can predict the data membership with a high true positive rate of 0.95 and a low false positive rate of 0.10. We also show that the attacker's knowledge of the victim model (e.g., the model architecture and the pre-training data) impacts the success rate of attacks. Further analysis demonstrates that changing the decoding strategy can mitigate the risk of membership leakage. This study calls for more attention to understanding the privacy of code models and developing more effective countermeasures against such attacks.


Based on the introduction of the digital reverberation algorithm, we use the integrated impulse response method, and the method of compressing and extending the reverberation model impulse response to solve two existing problems of the Dattorro's plate reverberator in the practical application. The two problems are: first, according to the known reverberation time how to get the appropriate feedback coefficient. Second, the range of the reverberation time is narrow. Finally, we verify the effectiveness of the algorithm by experiments.


Guest Editor's Perspective This special feature focuses on Child and Adolescent Concerns in Rehabilitation. Rehabilitation is currently one of the faster growing areas in the health care industry. However, for many educators, practitioners, and investigators who assist children and families, this is not a new enterprise. Interestingly, increases in knowledge, technology, and mandated services have seemingly resulted in many newer specialties (Elliott & Gramling, 1990) offering assistance, claiming expertise, and designating--if not demanding--a portion of their professional turf. Such specification of training and licensing of expertise has been confusing to educators, students, and clients. Advances in medical technology have resulted in a significant decrease in mortality of those with severely disabling conditions (Trunkey, 1980), and a consequent increase in the life span of many populations of children with chronic illness and handicapping conditions. These aforementioned trends have likely had a specific impact on the field of child and adolescent rehabilitation. Presumably, the knowledge base is broader, has more fidelity and depth, hopefully leading to better practices. Can we say that we know more about assisting children and families then we did twenty years ago? These trends for a "child" focus in rehabilitation imply that we have (1) more knowledge, (2) better technology, (3) more/newer specialties, and (4) more young people and families require assistance. Consensus on these issues is open to debate on the first three issues, but not on the last; more children and youth presently are and will be in need of comprehensive rehabilitation services in this next decade. Child rehabilitation practice requires a developmental perspective, a life span orientation, and a broad interdisciplinary partnership with many disciplines to insure maximum rehabilitative benefit for the child and the family. Why is a developmental perspective crucial in rehabilitation of children and adolescents? A developmental or life span focus implies an awareness of the fluid and evolving nature of child/adolescent growth and the particular age or stage of the individual child's current physical cognitive and sociopsychological status. Trauma or illness cannot be viewed as a static phenomena and will change both physically and psychologically as a child grows and matures. A life span focus will permit a treatment program tailored individually to a child's evolving needs and continuing growth into adulthood. Numerous professionals in the field have endorsed the importance of such a developmental and life span focus in understanding the rehabilitative needs of children and adolescents. Each of the articles presented in this Special Issue offers something of value in the field of child and adolescent rehabilitation. …


CONTENTS Executive Summary ....................................... 1 Section 1: Introducing Transforming Agriculture for Climate Resilience ....................... .4 Section 2: Defining Transformative Adaptation ........ 6 Section 3: Why Transformative Adaptation? ........... 8 Section 4: Pathways and Processes toward Transformative Adaptation .............................. 10 Section 5: Global Policymaking for Transformative Adaptation .............................. 16 Section 6: Recommendations .......................... 19 Endnotes................................................. 20 References ...............................................22


This paper presents an observational and experimental study of the basking behaviour and heat exchange rate of the montane lizard Lacerta monticola. The results obtained by these procedures were coupled in order to understand behavioural mechanims promoting effective thermoregulation at high altitudes. Heating rate was higher when body size was smaller, and substrate temperature and sun rays incidence angle were higher. The lizards cooled faster when body size and substrate temperature were lower, and when the body temperature of the lizard going into shadow was higher. Time exposed to sun and mean duration of basking periods were longer early in the morning, while bask frequency increased through the morning. Our results suggest that time devoted to basking is mainly obtained by regulating bask duration. Lizards obtained the necessary time for heating by means of long basking periods. Mean travel distance per minute and distance to the nearest refuge increased from early morning to midday. These behavioural variables were tightly correlated with the expected heating rate of individuals. Body size affects thermoregulatory behaviour as well as locomotor activity. Juvenile lizards, with small body mass and high surface-to-volume ratios, were subjected to faster heating and cooling rates, basked more frequently than adults (but during shorter periods), and devoted more time to locomotion than adults. The thermoregulatory behaviour of L. monticola is the result of the combination of shuttling heliothermy by basking and the exploitation of thermal opportunities offered by patches in shade through thermal exchange with the substrate.


This theoretical reflection of the authors' postulates four therapeutic stages of the forgiveness and self-forgiveness process. These discreet stages of therapy are titled: recognition, responsibility, expression, and recreating. The authors' purpose in presenting this reflection is to provide therapists descriptive stages that they can utilize to develop effective interventions for each of the stages of forgiveness or self-forgiveness a caregiver is experiencing. The authors' practice experience and a review of the literature about forgiveness and self-forgiveness led to the development of the four therapeutic stages of forgiveness and self-forgiveness presented. A case example is provided that chronicles the caregiver's experience while working through each of the four therapeutic stages. A discussion of implications for practice and further research questions is presented.


Summary It is shown that the supernatant of unstirred whole blood at 37° C, stimulated by 1 μg/ml of collagen for 10 sec, produces a rapid generation of pro and antiaggregatory compounds with a final proaggregatory activity which can be detected for more than 60 min on a platelet rich plasma (PRP) by turbidometric aggregometry. A reversible aggregation wave that we have called BASIC wave (for Blood Aggregation Stimulatory and Inhibitory Compounds) is recorded. The collagen stimulation of unstirred PRP produces a similar but smaller BASIC wave. BASIC's intensity increases if erythrocytes are added to PRP but decreases if white blood cells are added instead. Aspirin abolishes "ex vivo" the ability of whole blood and PRP to generate BASIC waves and dipyridamole "in vitro" significantly reduces BASIC's intensity in whole blood in every tested sample, but shows little effect in PRP.