Introduction: Physical action is a significant viewpoint in our everyday life. In India, around 36.9% of the population is inactive physically. Physical action has a significant medical advantage related to increasingly ideal natural cardiovascular disease hazards considering youngsters and teenagers' profiles. Healthy habits are progressively significant in physiotherapists as they are future advisors who dismiss embracing a healthy way of life and are bound to neglect to set up well-being advancement and open doors for their patients. Aim of the Study: The study's objective is to identify the physical activity levels among the Physiotherapist in Bangalore. Material and Method: This study involves 100 Physiotherapists between the ages of 22-50 years of male and female genders in Bangalore. A self-reported physical activity assessment was taken using the IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Outcome Measure: Participants self-reported physical activity using the IPAQ Questionnaire, which comprises 4 generic items (Occupation, leisure time, domestic, transport). Analysis: Interpreting the data using the SPSS V. 20 software. Conclusion: This study shows that 50% of physiotherapists are physically active and 36% are moderate, and 14% are low in physical activity in Bangalore.


Recommended Citation Cripps, Andrea; Stiltner, Sara; Walters, Elizabeth J.; Fullenkamp, Adam; and Laurent, Matt (2018) "Predictors of Success on the Board of Certification Exam," Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association: Vol. 4 : Iss. 1 , Article 1. DOI: 10.25035/jsmahs.04.01.01 Available at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/jsmahs/vol4/iss1/1


A fusion gene that results from a chromosomal translocation t(10;11)(q25;p15) which fuses the first half of the NUP98 gene to the ADD3 gene. This rearrangement is associated with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.


Relying upon Hurricane Katrina as a natural experiment, Chapter 4 provides quantitative evidence on the extent to which residential change lessens the likelihood of criminal recidivism during the first eight years following prison release. Analyses reveal that formerly incarcerated individuals who moved away from their old parish after release had substantially lower rates of reincarceration than those who returned to their previous parish of residence. An estimated 59 percent of parolees who returned to their home parish were reincarcerated within eight years of release. In contrast, an estimated 46 percent of parolees who moved to a new parish were reincarcerated. Findings presented in the chapter also reveal that short-distance moves are insufficient to separate someone from his or her criminal past. Moving from one metropolitan area to another can provide the type of separation from one's past that can be crucial to desistance from crime. The chapter also considers evidence on the effects of residential change from government-funded housing mobility programs, including the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) demonstration. These programs offer important lessons about how residential mobility programs for the formerly incarcerated might be designed.


Both, PORP and incus interpositions, are valuable techniques for the reconstruction of the conductive mechanism.

In our study we were able to show that, in certain aspects, the audiological outcome was better in incus remodelling reconstruction than in PORP placement.

A detailed analysis of all frequencies showed significantly better results in the incus group especially for the frequencies 250Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 3000Hz.

If clinical conditions warrant it, a reconstruction of the ossicular chain with incus interposition may be preferred to PORP.

Unexpectedly, no significant correlation between age and outcome for both groups was noted. Hence age is not to be considered as a limiting factor for partial ossicular reconstruction.

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Fisheries contribute significantly to India's national economy (1.21 % of total GDP and 5.3 % of agricultural GDP) and provide a livelihood to an estimated 10 million people. Marine fisheries has undergone a perceptible change due to continuous increase in fishing activities involving introduction of different advanced fishing technologies, gears and fishing fleets. This sustained increase in fishing activities coupled with industrialization has further attributed to the profound impact on the fishery resources affecting the sustainability of the same. This paper attempts to critically analyze the marine fisheries of India with special reference to Tamil Nadu, with an aim to explore appropriate management options for ensuring ecological integrity, better conservation and sustainability of the resources and also livelihood security for the coastal fisher folk. International issues like crossing maritime border (Indo-Srilankan border) have also been discussed.


OBJECTIVE: The present study is aimed at validating a 3D acquisition protocol for positron emission tomography as a replacement for the 2D mode, to reduce the radiation dose delivered to patients, without any loss in the quality of images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised 27 simulations in a Discovery ST equipment with four-minute 2D acquisitions, and two-minute and four-minute 3D acquisitions, utilizing a chest phantom according to the National Electrical Manufacturers Association protocol. Six spheres with different diameters were inserted into this phantom as a means for determining the images quality. The images were blindly reviewed by three experienced nuclear physicians who did not know the acquisition modes. Each observer attributed a score 1 when one of the spheres was not identified, or 2 for visible spheres. RESULTS: The qualitative analysis based on generalized kappa coefficient demonstrated that the frequency of visible spheres was higher with four-minute 3D acquisitions (85%), with an also higher interobserver agreement (88.9%), generalized kappa = 0.725 [0.507;0.942]. CONCLUSION: The protocol with four-minute 3D acquisition with lower 18F-FDG activity can be utilized for patients with a biotype similar to the phantom, without any loss in the imaging quality.


This paper has discussed the stability of L(γ)(γ0),and introduced the concepts of heavily light-tailed distribution class,lightly light-tailed distribution class,class and class,studied the relations among them as well.


ABSTRACT The transition from adolescence to young adulthood is a vulnerable stage for young women. Entering this period of individuality in college is a crucial time for young adults to adopt or maintain healthy lifestyles to continue throughout their lifespan. This study looks at freshman females in college and their perceptions of health. A positive significant relationship was found between those who have gained weight since the beginning of the year and those who rated themselves as having not healthy to slightly healthy eating habits (p = .007). The results of this study indicate that interventions for college-aged freshman could be highly beneficial.


This paper shows the benefits of synchronous multichannel PD measurements. Different methods of evaluation as 3PARD, multi-site PD decoupling and multi-frequency PD decoupling are presented in theory and supported by application examples as PD measurements on power transformers and high voltage XLPE cable systems. These advanced evaluation techniques require a fully synchronized multi-channel PD measuring system, also detailed and presented in this paper.


This study is analyzed using the Shanghai stock market and Shenzhen stock market data in order to analyze the usefulness of accounting information to appear from the introduction of international accounting standards in China. Summarized the relevant previous researches for objective study approach, studied the hypothesis based on the empirical analysis and set a hypothesis as adjusting the stuffs to fix in this research model. In this study, Analyzed the hypothesis to input of detailed variables for analyzing the value relevance between periods before fair value and after fair value. Also, in this hypothesis study, analyzed and estimated to affect the quality of information the acceptant period when compare with acceptant periods and before periods of fair value. These results suggested that impact the net asset value per share and earnings per share of the company because the value of the relationship had statistically significant at the level of relevance. Therefore, in the future studies about fair value assessment, will be expected that usefulness of the enterprise value evaluation method enable to discuss it such as critical sucess factors.


Purpose: An improved understanding of T2* in normal breast and intraductal cancer could lead to improvements in diagnostic accuracy. This study characterizes T2* in both a preclinical model of breast/mammary cancer (SV40Tag) and in healthy (FVB/N) mice. At ∼12 weeks, C3(1)SV40Tag mice develop mammary in situ neoplasms (MIN) that resemble ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in women. Method and Materials: Eight SV40Tag and six FVB/N mice were imaged using a 9.4T Bruker magnet. Respiratory gated multi‐gradient echo pulse sequences were used to measure T2* with equivalent TR ∼1000ms, minimum TE of 1.5ms, 9 echoes at 3ms spacing. Generally, T2* was calculated by fitting the MRI signal intensity to a single exponential decay function. However, when fat was present, a modulus of complex double exponential decay function was needed. Results: For SV40Tag mice, T2* of muscle, lymph node, and tumor can be calculated from a single exponential function. T2* of normal mammary gland (NMG) and MIN need to be extracted from the modulus of complex function due to the fatty signal. Conversely, for FVB/N mice, all T2* can be calculated from single exponential function. On average muscle,tumor and NMG water components have slightlysmaller T2* values (∼15ms), but lymph node and NMG water components have slightly smaller T2* values (∼9.5ms). The fat in NMG and MIN have the smallest T2* values (∼3.8ms). In addition, NMG in SV40Tag is fattier than in FVB/N mice (57% vs. 12%, p<0.0001) for the selected ROIs. Conclusion: To accurately determine T2*, it is necessary to separate water/fat in fat‐rich mammary glands. In this pilot study, MIN lesions exhibit a larger separation between the long and short T2* values in comparison to NMG. Additionally, SV40Tag mice exhibit a higher percentage fat in NMG ROIs due to genetic differences.


For promote the professional technical ability of people in Marshall Islands, with the respond the seeking to participate in the Guam Build-Up Program to relocate American bases or to meet the local employment market, the TaiwanICDF supported the vocationa


As the reflection of the advanced social economy and the politics,the advanced culture is a kind of culture which can manifest the time development request and push the economical development and the political progress.As two important aspects of China culture reconstruction,the development of the popular culture and the lofty culture should be eagerly anticipated by the advanced culture.Through unceasingly promoting the popular culture and the lofty culture,the advanced culture will be able to realize a bigger development.


Nine US institutions performed 14,807 Phase I‐II treatments of magnetic‐induction (Magnetrode [Henry Medical Electronics, Inc., Los Angeles, CA]) hyperthermia in 1170 adults. All had advanced tumors: 20% had untreated inoperable cancer or disease progression despite surgery (10%), radiation therapy (XRT) (3%), chemotherapy (27%), or combinations (40%); 67% had pain; and 79% had reduced activity. Eighteen percent were advanced primaries, 26% were recurrent, and 56% metastatic tumors in the head and neck (7%), body wall (7%), extremity (4%), abdominal cavity (17%), pelvis (17%), lung (15%), or liver (30%); 36% were < 5 cm and 64% ⩾5 cm. Treatments were to safe tolerance for 30 to 60 minutes for five or more treatments. Results in 960 evaluable patients were complete response 9% (1–34 months; median, 7 months), partial response 18% (1–39 months; median, 4 months), minimal response 10% (1–15 months; median, 3 months), and no change 33% (1–32 months; median, 3 months), with decreased pain in 30% and improved activity in 21%, independent of histologic type or site. Regression was dependent on treatment type and minimum temperature: heat only, 23%; heat + XRT, 60%; heat + less‐than‐standard XRT because of prior XRT failure, 39%, heat + intravenous (IV) chemotherapy, 28%; heat + same previously failed IV chemotherapy, 20%; heat + intraarterial (IA) chemotherapy, 28%; heat + same previously failed IA chemotherapy, 15%; heat + standard XRT + chemotherapy, 58%; heat + less‐than‐standard XRT + chemotherapy, 47%; < 40°C, 31%; 40 to 40.9°C, 45%; 41 to 41.9°C, 54%; 42 to 42.9°C, 47%; 43 to 43.9°C, 40%; 44 to 44.9°C, 33%; 45 to 45.9°C, 55%; 46 to 46.9°C, 63%; > 47°C, 100%. There were 49 (0.33%) skin burns and 2 systemic injuries (stomach ulcer at 1 month; lung fibrosis at 9 months). This trial indicates that localized hyperthermia has a significant role in palliation of human advanced solid cancer.


Groundwater is a vital resource of freshwater, and necessary for all aspects of life. It is estimated that over one billion people on earth do not have access to clean water supply. This research will study the future groundwater situations in the well field area of Great Man-Made River Project in Libya (GRMMP), which is located in the south west of Libya. The research will introduce the real situation after the arrival of water from the Great Man-Made River (GMMRP), phase-II, to the coastal area; groundwater was the main source of water to both agricultural and municipal consumptions for the country. Three scenarios will be carried using Groundwater Vistas software (GV), which runs of the MODFLOW and MODOFIC packages to make simulation and optimization respectively of that area. Three case studies will be carrying out of the area, East Jabel Hasauna well field (EJH). With the huge rate of pumping which planning to reach 2 million cubic meters per day, the results expected to be different and has some effect on groundwater budget. This paper is introducing the first scenario is simulated the East EJH which have 153 abstraction wells, the scenario have five stage related to long-term changing of groundwater table. The first three have shown clear changing of water table 8 m, 11.93 m, 14.43 m respectively, with constant abstraction rate of 5184 cubic meter per day. While the results of the last two stages were too close to third stage which 14.44 m.


Presently there is no definite bounding of tourist route property right in China, and consequently the travel agency cannot get reward for developing tourist routes, which dampens the agency's enthusiasm and slows down the development of new routes on one hand, and on the other hand, all agencies compete with each other for the limited hot routes which results in jams there. This author suggestsa definite bounding of the property right and establishment of paid use systemof the route, to ensure the agency' legal rights and interests, accelerate route development speed and enhance the competitive power of the whole agency.


RNA polymerase (RNAP) is the central motor of gene expression since it governs the process of transcription. In prokaryotes, this holoenzyme is formed by the RNAP core and a sigma factor. After approaching and binding the specific promoter site on the DNA, the holoenzyme‐promoter complex undergoes several conformational transitions that allow unwinding and opening of the DNA duplex. Once the first DNA basepairs (∼10 bp) are transcribed in an initial transcription process, the enzyme unbinds from the promoter and proceeds downstream along the DNA while continuously opening the helix and polymerizing the ribonucleotides in correspondence with the template DNA sequence. When the gene is transcribed into RNA, the process generally is terminated and RNAP unbinds from the DNA. The first step of transcription–initiation, is considered the rate‐limiting step of the entire process. This review focuses on the single‐molecule studies that try to reveal the key steps in the initiation phase of bacterial transcription. Such single‐molecule studies have, for example, allowed real‐time observations of the RNAP target search mechanism, a mechanism still under debate. Moreover, single‐molecule studies using Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) revealed the conformational changes that the enzyme undergoes during initiation. Force‐based techniques such as scanning force microscopy and magnetic tweezers allowed quantification of the energy that drives the RNAP translocation along DNA and its dynamics. In addition to these in vitro experiments, single particle tracking in vivo has provided a direct quantification of the relative populations in each phase of transcription and their locations within the cell.


Objective : Our previous studies we have documented that cisplatin dose at 0.4 mg/kg i.p for 8 weeks caused alterations at both histopathological and biochemical level however etoposide dose at 1mg/kg/ i.p for 8 weeks did not cause any hepatotoxic or nephrotoxic eff ect. These studies aims further the changes in protein pattern of liver and kidney tissue after drug treatment which support previous findings of any free radical induced oxidative stress on tissues. Methods : Sodium dodecyl sulphate and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of liver and kidney protein extract was separated on 5% Stacking gel and 12% Resolving gel and stained by using coomassie brilliant blue R-250. Results: Hepatic protein patteren of cisplatin treated rats showed molecular weight 44.46, 13.8, 51.2 kd and other ranging from 16.98-38.9 kd did not show any expression as compared to controls. Inaddition etoposide treatment studies showed molecular weight 14.45-33.11 kd and other ranging from 25.12 to 51.29 kd showed similar pattern of expression compared to controls. Renal protein patteren of Cisplatin treated rats showed molecular weight 36kd, 29kd, 24kd and 20kd and other in range of 66kd and 45kd did not as compared to controls. Additionally, etoposide studies depicted increase in protein level ranging from molecular weight 66kd, 45kd, 36kd, 29kd, 24kd but 20kd did not increase. Conclusion: Our studies suggest that these changes in protein levels might have significant role in organ protection.


This paper presents a new neural network (NN) scheme for recovering three dimensional (3D) transparent surface. We view the transparent surface modeling, not as a separate problem, but as an extension of opaque surface modeling. The main insight of this work is we simulate transparency not only for generating visually realistic images, but for recovering the object shape. We construct a formulation of transparent surface modeling using ray tracing framework into our NN. We compared this ray tracing method, with a texture mapping method that simultaneously map the silhouette images and smooth shaded images (obtained form our NN), and textured images (obtained from the teacher image) to an initial 3D model. By minimizing the images error between the output images of our NN and the teacher images, observed in multiple views, we refine vertices position of the initial 3D model. We show that our NN can refine the initial 3D model obtained by polarization images and converge into more accurate surface.


ABSTRACT A multi-theory framework is offered for guiding managerial decision making in complex professional human service organizations; a growing segment of the economy for which the ability to proactively and dynamically manage knowledge assets is naturally critical to performance. Following a call for greater theoretical integration, this framework synthesizes essential and complimentary elements of three theoretical domains. It combines Transaction Economics' focus on the appropriate procurement of knowledge assets, with Knowledge Management's focus on how to dynamically unleash the potential of those assets, and Contingency Thinking's focus on how to structurally harness and direct that potential. Two key "bridging constructs" emerge offering useful insights both for theory and practice: 1) learning systems as a key element of functional design for managing knowledge assets, and 2) learning costs as a key factor in managing the economic structure of knowledge assets. We apply our integrated framework to two professional human services sectors – business education and health service delivery-- and discuss broader implications for research and practice.


A description is given of a resistance-heated furnace suitable for drawing silica-based optical fibers with a high degree of precision. The furnace is compact, heats from cold to its operating temperature of 2000°C in 3 min and has a power consumption of only 1.4kW. During a fiber pull, the temperature fluctuation is < 0.1°C.


A facile electrochemical plating method by means of applying voltage onto zinc electrodes in a 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) electrolyte has been developed to prepare fluorescent MOF films (Zn3(BTC)2). The composition of as-prepared MOF films is confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and the surface morphology is examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Voltage and fabrication time are found to be the key parameters for the formation and morphology control of MOF films. Additionally, the as-prepared MOF films, due to their evident fluorescence, are explored for potential applications in detecting nitro explosives with a detection limit as low as 0.5 ppm. The fluorescent MOF films can be further applied to distinguish nitro explosives by varying the solution concentration. Moreover, the MOF films exhibit excellent reusability in consecutive nitro explosive detection reactions. It has been demonstrated that the electrochemical plating method reported here offers a reliable and efficient way to prepare MOF films with controllable morphology for nitro explosive detection.


Research on the relationship between physical activity and academic performance and classroom behavior is in its early stages, and research attempting to examine the relationship within the school context is even scarcer. However, educators have already begun to use strategies such as classroom physical activity breaks. This column discusses research on school-based physical activity practices of classroom movement breaks, integrated physical activity, and recess in order to inform educators' decisions regarding the use of these strategies. Resources for school-based physical activity interventions in addition to information regarding their effectiveness is also included to support educators in selecting programs.


AbstractIn partially stratified shoal–channel estuaries, variations in bathymetry at the shoal–channel interface generate horizontal shears and density gradients, and foam lines characteristic of convergence fronts are frequently observed. This study is based on transect data collected every 30 min across the shoal–channel interface in south San Francisco Bay to analyze the dynamics of the transverse circulation and convergence fronts at this interface throughout a tidal cycle. During the ebb, a lateral density gradient develops as a result of the competition between differential advection of the longitudinal salinity gradient; lateral variations in vertical mixing; and nonlinear advection terms, which are strongest when convergence fronts develop early and late in the ebb. The lateral circulation over the slope is characterized by a large intratidal variability, reversing three times during the ebb. This variability is driven by a balance dominated by inertia and lateral baroclinic pressure gradient duri...


Non-intrusive Network-based Estimation of Web Quality of Experience Indicators Licentiate seminar will be held for doctoral student Junaid Junaid, M.Sc.E.E.


Hybrid networks of functional poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO) and tetraethyl orthosilicate or titanium isopropoxide were prepared through the sol gel route. The films formed by this approach were then immersed in solutions of varying alkalinity for a period of time, removed and dried. This treatment resulted in a better defined two phase microstructure in the PTMO/TEOS hybrids because of the solubility of silicon oxide in the highly basic medium. The treated hybrids exhibited higher PTMO chain mobility to the extent that the oligomeric chains could now undergo crystallization at low temperatures. The loss of silicon oxide and hydrolysis of the alkali-treated network resulted in a lower modilus than the untreated hybrid. In the PTMO/TiOPR hybrid, due to the lower solubility of titanium oxide, the base treatment resulted in little changemodulus


Melodic pop rock / punk rock act PENTIMENTO are excited to announce their new record I, No Longer, out October 23rd via Bad Timing Records. The second ...


The scenario nowadays in sugarcane production was the high cost of using multiples nodes cutting as planting materials. A study of single bud set was conducted to determine the performance of single buds as planting materials as influenced by the application of Bio-organic concoctions. It was carried out in completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments and the differences of treatments was analyze using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's HSD Test to determine the treatment effect. The applications of Bio-organic concoctions significantly influence the single bud set sugarcane in terms of height (cm), number of leaves, and number of lateral sprouts emerged. Lactic acid bacteria serums (LABS) alone significantly higher on plant height (cm) and number of leaves. Moreover, Bio-organic concoctions did not influence the number of emerged lateral sprouts in 35 and 42 days after planting, However, single bud set treated with LABS and Vermitea produced a higher number of lateral sprouts.


Biggs' presage-product-process model provided a theoretical framework for modeling the observed interrelationships among gender, age, self-efficacy, proactive attitude, locus of control, academic experiences, knowledge orientation, learning approach, and self-reported academic ability in a sample of 120 Hong Kong graduate students of education (M.Ed. students). Gender and locus of control were found not to have any significant direct or indirect effects on self-reported academic ability. Selfefficacy, academic experiences, and learning approach had direct positive effects on self-reported academic ability, while the effects of age and proactive attitude on selfreported academic ability were indirect through one or more of the process variables which in turn had either direct or indirect effects on self-reported academic ability. The final path model, minus gender and locus of control, fit the data well, had good predictive power, and suggested that age, self-efficacy and proactive attitude could prove useful for identifying part-time M.Ed. students most likely to succeed in their studies.


The relativist DOPPLER effect defines the frequency relationship of a light wave tneasured on two reference systems moving at a relative speed. Based on the concept of Quickness associated to a speed it is possible to represen! this phenomenon on POINCARE'S circular model of the LOBACHEWSKl plañe, thereby obtaining the same expression through geometric reasoning on the model as through the application of restricted relativity. The work also shows that in the particular event of the observation being performed along the direction of movement of the light surface, the result of the frequency relationship measured on the two reference systems can be directly measured on the SMITH diagram.


Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of new genetic technology in the child with developmental delay and mental retardation. Method The peripheral blood and urine of 180 children with developmental retardation which were collected from the patients in the child care department from September 2013 to September 2014 were analyzed using chromosomal karyotype analysis, MLPA,genetic mutation analysis, MS-MS and GC-MS. Results The anomaly detection rate was 27.2%(49/180), fortynine percent(24/49)of the cases were diagnosed by chromosomal karyotype analysis icluding 15 cases of Down's syndrome and 9 cases of other chromosome abnormality, fifty-one percent(25/49) of the cases were diagnosed by new genetic technology including 14 cases of chromosome microdeletion syndromes, 6 cases of inherited metabolic diseases and 5 cases caused by gene mutation. Three cases of Prader-Willi syndrome,two cases of Angelman syndrome,22q13 deletion syndrome and Smith—Magenis syndrome and one cases of cat cry syndrome, 22q11 deletion syndrome and 1p36 deletion syndrome were included in the fourteen cases of chromosome microdeletion syndromes.Three cases of methylmalonic acid, one cases of maple syrup urine disease, tyrosinemia and glutaric aciduria were included in the six inherited metabolic diseases.Three cases of fragile X syndrome and two cases of Cornelia de Lange syndrome were diagnosed by gene mutation analysis. Conclusions New genetic technology improved the level of diagnosis in the child care department,children with normal chromosome examination cannot be excluded chromosome microdeletion syndrome and inherited metabolic diseases.The chromosomal karyotype analysis, MLPA,genetic mutation analysis, MSMS and GC-MS play complementary role in clinical applications,and cannot be replaced by each other.The genetic testing technology should be selected based on special faces and clinical characteristics.


July-August 2010 These are paradoxical times for medical research that crosses national boundaries. On the one hand, there is widespread recognition that research funded by entities in high-income countries but carried out in lowand middle-income countries raises important questions about fairness and justice. On the other hand, the lack of consensus about which conception of justice or fairness should regulate cross-national social relations has created an almost principled aversion to directly addressing such issues when evaluating international research initiatives. "Procedural" approaches are often advocated by those seeking to reconcile theoretical agnosticism about normative questions with meaningful regulatory guidance. It should come as no surprise, therefore, that one of the most prominent approaches to regulating the conduct of cross-national research, the "fair benefits" approach, adopts a procedural strategy. The fair benefits approach is supposed to respect the autonomy of host communities, facilitate free and informed decision-making, and empower host communities to advance their own interests. It is also supposed to bring about outcomes that are fair in several concrete respects, ensuring that host communities are not exploited, all without taking a controversial stand on divisive questions of social and distributive justice. We will argue, however, that despite its allure, the fair benefits approach suffers from fundamental ambiguities at both a conceptual and an operational level. These ambiguities make it something of a moving Research at the Auction Block


Sample \ce {La_{0.67}Sr_{0.33}MnO3} has been successfully synthesized by sol gel method shown by the results of XRD formed a single phase with rhombohedral crystal structure. The results of SEM showed particles are agglomerated yet functional groups \ce {Mn-O-Mn} has been formed based on the results of FTIR. The ability of the sample to absorb the microwaves still lower that the value of reflection loss obtained at $-26.05$ dB.


The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is in the process of constructing a maximum-security prison on a 205-acre parcel of land immediately adjacent to the Allegheny National Forest, in Forest County, Pennsylvania. Several wetlands and waterways bisect the property, which is located in the headwaters of a high quality watershed. Construction of the correctional facility will result in unavoidable impacts to more than seven acres of palustrine emergent wetlands and 2,800 feet of intermittent/perennial stream. The existing environmental setting, along with unique site layout requirements for a maximum-security facility, presented many challenges to the design team relative to planning, permitting, design, and ultimately facility and mitigation construction. Highlighted herein are detailed discussions on the planning, design, and construction of nearly one-half mile of relocated stream corridor. The use of current stream restoration and monitoring techniques are also discussed.


Summary  Background: The risk of recurrent venous thrombosis is higher in men than in women, and this is so far unexplained. We set out to determine the influence of age, time between first and second event, type of first event, oral contraception, pregnancy and surgery. Methods: We performed a prospective follow‐up study of 474 patients with a first objective diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis, aged 18–70 years (Leiden Thrombophilia Study cohort). Results: During 3477 person‐years of follow‐up, 90 recurrences occurred. The overall incidence rates of recurrence (IRs) were 40.9 per 1000 person‐years in men and 15.8 per 1000 person‐years in women. Men with an unprovoked first event had the highest risk of recurrence, with almost one‐third experiencing a second unprovoked event within 8 years (IR 41.2 per 1000 person‐years). This risk was three‐fold lower in women [IR 14.2 per 1000 person‐years; hazard ratio 2.8 (95% confidence interval 1.4–5.7)]. Age at diagnosis had little effect on recurrence rate, and nor had time elapsed since the first event. In women, almost half of the recurrences were provoked and were mainly related to oral contraceptive use or pregnancy. Conclusions: The higher recurrence rate in men than in women is not the result of differences in the environmental or transient risk factors that we studied. The risk profile for a second thrombotic event is clearly different from that of a first.


Taking 145 lives and causing extensive damages to structures, 1998 Ceyhan earthquake occurred on June 27 with "M_s" 6.2 in the southern province Adana of Turkey hitting major districts and their vicinities. Most of the observed structural damages were assessed in traditional rural buildings, however many recently built multi-story residential buildings and industrial facilities also suffered from heavy damages or even collapsed. This study is an attempt to investigate a building stock consisting of 22 low -to mid-rise reinforced concrete buildings which experienced moderate damage during this shake. These buildings have been inspected and their detailed site investigations had been conducted by ITU-Building and Earthquake Application and Research Center. In order to perform an analytical study for this building ensemble, nonlinear dynamic and static analyses are carried out utilizing DRAIN-2DX computer program. A set of artificial ground motions is employed during the analyses and the demand parameters in terms of different structural response parameters are obtained. Finally, evaluations are performed in order to designate the boundaries for moderate damage grading in terms of specific structural demand parameters and figure out the failure mechanism of the investigated moderately damaged buildings.


A significant stockpile of columbite tantalite ores has been built up in this country mainly as a by-product of mica mining operations, and more intensified prosp-ecting for these ores has been suggested in view of the foreseeable demand for niobium and tantalum metals and their alloys.


In his far-ranging article on the Ukrainian Catholic Church, Bishop Basil Losten touches upon a series of important issues. In dealing with the question of a tight relationship with the Mother Church, the author emphasises an ardent desire to see the full recognition of the patriarchal status of the Kyivan Church. Moving to relations with Sister Churches, Bishop Basil begins with the Roman Church in the U.S.A., with whom relations were sometimes quite difficult, especially in the past (although there were always some very eminent exceptions), and with whom relations are today much improved. The author them moves to other Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine tradition: Ruthenians, Melkites, Belarusians, Romanians, and Russians. He then treats the Eastern Catholic Churches beyond the Byzantine tradition: Maronites, Armenians, Chaldeans, Syrians, all of whom have their own hierarchy in the U.S.A., and those Churches still without an American hierarchy: the Syro-Malabarese, Syro-Malankarese, Copts, and Ethiopians. In the case of these churches, what is needed is much deeper knowledge. The author then moves to Orthodox Sister Churches. He dwells on relations with the Ukrainian Orthodox, as well as with other Orthodox Churches. In lieu of a conclusion, Bishop Basil offers advice, emphasizing an even greater cooperation among the various Eastern Catholic Churches as well as closer relations between Catholics and Orthodox.


Carcasses of 42 and 17 Aleutian Canada geese (Branta canadensis leucopareia), a federally listed endangered species, were found on ocean beaches near Crescent City, California, and near Pacific City, Oregon, respectively, following severe storms. Necropsies and other information suggest that the birds were flushed during the storms and somehow entered the water where they were washed into the surf and drowned.


In this paper we study the statistical properties of weak lensing peaks in light-cones generated from numerical simulations. We focus on interacting Dark Energy cosmological models, characterised by a coupling term between dark energy and dark matter which allows us to study in detail how such an interaction affects a particular second-order weak lensing statistics. Cosmological models characterised by a larger population of massive clusters tend to also have more numerous high signal-to-noise peaks; however structural properties like e.g. the halo concentration play an important role: models characterised by the same number of haloes possess more weak lensing peaks if their haloes are more concentrated. The various cosmological models exhibit large differences in peaks for high values of the signal-to-noise ratio, due to intervening massive haloes along the line-of-sight, demonstrating a clear connection between peaks in the convergence field and galaxy clusters with $M_{200}\geq10^{14}M_{\odot}/h.$ The most extreme model under investigation shows a difference of about 20% with respect to the reference {\Lambda}CDM model and a clearly different behavior with respect to the a {\Lambda}CDM model with the same power spectrum normalization, proving that different expansion histories and growth rates produce a clear signature on peak properties. Our analysis underscores the point that weak lensing peak statistics represent an important tool for disentangling dark energy models by accurately tracing the structure formation processes as a function of the cosmic time. We stress its complementary to cosmic shear measurements. [Abridged]


Background: Sinus neoplasms are reported as low frequency in horses. Its clinical characteristics are often nonspecific, depend on complementary methods for diagnosis, and when diagnosed, generally they are already advanced, limiting therapeutic possibilities. The objective of this case series was to detail clinical aspects and complementary exams for sinus neoplasms for early diagnosis, comparing them with the literature.Cases: Four horses were treated at the College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo, with different clinical signs and previous diagnoses, which when evaluated by respiratory endoscopy, radiography, oral cavity evaluation and histopathological exams, revealed the diagnosis of anaplastic carcinoma, poorly differentiated carcinoma, ossifying fibroma and lymphoma. Previous diagnosis, based mainly on clinical signs, were sinusitis secondary to apical infection, ethmoidal hematoma, sinus cyst and sinusitis secondary to periapical disease. The cases of anaplastic carcinoma (case 1) and lymphoma (case 4) presented with an advanced degree of the disease with involvement and destruction of paranasal structures and adjacent tissues, in addition to a poor general condition, which made surgical treatment impossible and led to euthanasia. In these cases, previous treatment was made to apical infection and periodontal disease with secondary sinusitis, but negative evolution led to suspicion of neoplasia, confirmed by histopathological exam of incisional biopsy of the mass in oral cavity. Benign ossifying fibroma (case 3) presented with progressive respiratory difficulty due to occlusion of the lumen of some nasal meatus and radiographic signs of invasion and deformation of the adjacent bones, it was submitted for surgical excision and there was no recurrence until hospital discharge. The poorly differentiated carcinoma (case 2) was a multilobulate neoformation in the ethmoidal region, similar to ethmoid hematoma in endoscopic and radiographic evaluation, it was submitted for excision and two sessions of electrochemotherapy with bleomycin, associated with administration of piroxicam, which obtained a good result until the period of 1 year after discharge.Discussion: It was found that many characteristics are common with these types of neoplasms, and the clinical signs, such as nasal secretions, airway obstruction, increased facial volume, severe alterations in oral cavity, although unspecific, suggest the differential diagnosis for neoplasms. It is important to differentiate from other diseases noting the evolution and growth of these tumors, like in cases 1 and 4, especially the growth to internal tissues, using complementary methods described here, like endoscopic and radiographic examination. Late identification or even manipulation of neoplasms, without proper diagnosis, leads to a few prognoses regarding life. When it is possible to perform surgical excision, complementary methods are important to guide the procedure, and definitive diagnosis is made through histopathologic exam and some need immunohistochemistry analysis. Cases 2 and 3 had surgical access, were submitted to excision and treatment with good results, both with close monitoring in first months and prolonged quality of life. These results highlight the importance of complementary methods for early diagnosis, correct intervention and monitoring of evolution.Keywords: sinus neoplasia, paranasal sinus, tumor, head, horses.


An overview of current unstructured mesh generation and adaptivity techniques is given. Basic building blocks taken from the field of computational geometry are first described. Various practical mesh generation techniques based on these algorithms are then constructed and illustrated with examples. Issues of adaptive meshing and stretched mesh generation for anisotropic problems are treated in subsequent sections. The presentation is organized in an educational manner, for readers familiar with computational fluid dynamics, wishing to learn more about current unstructured mesh techniques.


Relevance. The study of the self-motion ("vection") illusion is an important task for modern psychology and neuroscience due to the widespread use of virtual reality systems. The study of psychophysiological mechanisms of this phenomenon has particular importance as an example of intersensory interactions. Objective. To study the psychophysiological mechanisms of the self-motion illusion in a virtual reality system using electroencephalography. Methodology. Eleven healthy subjects took part in the experiment. The stimulation was a virtual opto-kinetic drum that rotated clockwise and counterclockwise around a vertical axis with angular velocities of 30, 45 and 60 angular deg/s. The duration of each rotation was 60 seconds. The subjects were presented with 18 rotations; there was a series with instructions for free viewing of the visual scene (3 speeds × 2 directions × 2 repetitions) and a series with instructions to fix the gaze in the center of the virtual scene (3 speeds × 2 directions × 1 repetition). After each rotation, the subjects filled out the "Simulator Sickness Questionnaire" and evaluated the intensity of the illusion on a 10-point scale. Stimulation was presented in the HTC Vive virtual reality helmet. Electroencephalogram recording during the observation of cylinder rotations was performed using Mitsar-EEG-10/70-201. Results. Significant differences were found in the intensity of the illusion, the total score on the questionnaire, and the power of the alpha rhythm in the parietal zones, depending on the speed of rotation. The higher the rotational speed, the greater the values of these dependent variables. Large values for beta-rhythm power in the occipital areas were found in the series with fixed eyes, in the subjects with high values for the intensity of the illusion. Conclusions. Differences were shown in the bioelectrical activity of the brain during the experience of the self-motion illusion, related to mechanisms of visual-vestibular integration and greater attention to the performance of the motor task of gaze fixation.


Under the assumption of weak spatial and temporal gradients as well as weak absorption and sources, it is well known that the classic kinetic equation describing linear particle transport has a diffusion equation as an asymptotic limit. Considered here is such particle transport in a stochastic Markovian mixture of two immiscible fluids. It is shown that a variety of asymptotic diffusive limits exist under the scaling indicated above, depending upon the additional scaling introduced for the Markov transition lengths. These lengths are indicative of the mean chord lengths of the fluid packets in the stochastic mixture, and it is thus found that the details of the diffusive limits are strongly dependent upon the presumed sizes of the fluid packets. Asymptotically consistent initial and boundary conditions are also derived for each diffusion description obtained.


In this study, the thermo-elastic behavior of an aluminum die cast die during the casting process is analyzed. The cyclic symmetry nature of the die geometry offers a simplified reduced model for the finite element simulation. It is assumed that the temperature distribution on the molten metal affected boundaries follows a smooth function variation while the free surfaces of the die experience a convection heat transfer type. Considering a particular boundary condition, the results of current study conform to the available analytical solutions. A detailed sensitivity analysis is conducted to highlight the effects of die preheat, groove corner radius of curvature and the thermal barrier coatings. The results indicate that the die preheat before the casting process can significantly decrease the stress level within the system. Also, an increase in the radius of curvature for the groove corners may result in 25% reduction of the von Mises stress around these crack susceptible zones. Application of a hard chromium or a silicon nitride thermal barrier coating considerably increases the thermal shock strength of the die such that a 0.1mm thick hard chromium coating can decrease the maximum von Mises stress about 49% with respect to the non-coated specimen. Especially for a functionally graded coating type, the reduction in maximum von Mises stress is around 70% compared to the non-coated specimen.


Abstract : The Phase 1 effort developed a road map for development of a digital human model suitable for virtual prototyping of protective equipment and as a character in a virtual environment. The human model employs detail body contour data obtained from full body scanners onto which an anthropometrically accurate 3D digital model is created. Landmarks on the body surface are used to map internal anatomy. Mass properties of body segments and joint equations of motion are incorporated in order to describe body dynamics of the digital human. Models of protective equipment performance are extended to describe interaction of a range of military projectiles with multilayer soft fabric body armor, with and without rigid insets. Models of penetrating wounds from ballistic impact, blunt trauma from non-penetrating projectiles, and kinematic trauma will also be incorporated into the digital human model. Finally, a software architecture is developed which includes at least three design cycles. The first cycle is detailed static design which evaluates reduction of joint moment generating capability, thermal load, stability on various terrains, increase in work associated with movement, pressure points under different equipment loads, and casualty reduction potential to prescribed threats. The second cycle is a dynamic analysis, which includes the digital human accomplishing tasks with the equipment in a virtual environment. Parameters relative to equipment performance and the physical state of the virtual humans can be displayed as a function of time. Additionally, the dynamic analysis can be stopped at any point in the scenario to perform detailed static analysis of the digital human or to compare performance with previous dynamic simulations. The final cycle is non-virtual field testing.


The present invention relates to a reversible electrical connector which connects electrodes through a nano-scale structure to minimize the occurrence of a resistance, thereby maximizing electrical efficiency, and to a multi functional sensor which minutely responds to a small pressure and force through the structure of the electrical connector to provide sensitivity that usually responds to even small changes. To this end, the reversible electrical connector includes: a first connection member having a first fine cilium disposed on a first substrate; and a second connection member having a second fine cilium disposed on a second substrate to contact and adhere to the first fine cilium. Also, a thin metal film is disposed on each of the first and second fine cilia. Thus, the reversible electrical connector has a flexible electrical connection and has a low electrical resistance when compared to an electrical connector according to the prior art. In addition, the multi functional sensor according to the present invention may measure a small pressure and force. Thus, the multifunctional sensor may have sensitivity which usually responds even to a small change in a measurable pressure and force.


Maximizing a sharpness metric over a region-of-interest (ROI) improves the wavefront correction for anisoplanatic images over that specific region. We discuss ROI size and scene content that contribute to the effectiveness of this technique.


Recent experimental studies permit development of conceptual and quantitative models of microbial Fe(III) oxide reduction at circumneutral pH that can be compared to and contrasted with established models of abiotic mineral dissolution. The findings collectively support a model for controls on enzymatic reduction that differs fundamentally from those applied to abiotic reductive dissolution as a result of two basic phenomena: (1) the relatively minor influence of oxide mineralogical and thermodynamic properties on rates of enzymatic reduction compared to abiotic reductive dissolution, and (2) the major limitation which sorption and/or surface precipitation of biogenic Fe(II) on residual oxide and Fe(III)-reducing bacterial cell surfaces poses to enzymatic electron transfer in the presence of excess electron donor. Parallel studies with two well-characterized Fe(III)-reducing organisms (Shewanella putrefaciens and Geobacter sulfurreducens) lead to common conclusions regarding the importance of these phenomena in regulating the rate and long-term extent of Fe(III) oxide reduction. Models in which rates of enzymatic reduction are limited by Fe(III)-reducing bacterial cell density together with the abundance of 'available' oxide surface sites (as controlled by oxide surface area and the accumulation of surface-bound biogenic Fe(II)) provide an adequate macroscopic description of controls on the initial


The present invention relates to an electrolyte for use on a workpiece, especially metal workpiece material deposited chrome plating method, an electrolytic solution containing at least chromic acid, sulfuric acid, with one kind of metal constituting the polyanion, a short-chain aliphatic sulfonic acid, its salts and / or its derivative and halogen fluoride. By the present invention may be deposited to form an alloy plating layer, the alloy due to the combined addition of short-chain aliphatic sulfonic acids and metal fluoride with a polyanion having a high content of configuration, and the coating was smooth and glossy. This is in the known prior art alloy coating, in particular chromium - molybdenum - alloy coating is an important advantage. Further fluorides in the electrolytic solution, which leads to particularly have a relatively high hardness according to the present invention, the coating deposited.


The manager in today's competitive and industrial society is continually finding himself in a constant struggle between the commitments he has to his wife and family and the commitments he has to his job and company. His search to reach a balance between these two commitments are in the forefront of his mind and daily activities.


Equilibrium phase morphologies of two different dendritic block copolymer melts are calculated and compared. These copolymers have a pitchfork-like architecture and consist of three distinct blocks that correspond roughly to the handle, the connecting middle dendron structure, and the attached tines of a pitchfork. The first melt considered consists of a copolymer that has a simple Y-junction middle block, and it connects the handle to two tines. The second is similar except its dendritic middle block branches twice to connect to four tines. Polymeric segments are modeled as flexible Gaussian threads and interactions between dissimilar blocks are all contact-like, Flory-Huggins repulsions. All calculations are done for incompressible melts in the context of self-consistent mean-field theory. We find that several morphologies compete for stability depending on the architecture and lengths of the blocks as well as their incompatibilities. As many as four stable two-dimensional phases appear in the phase diagram including: columnar square, rectangular and hexagonally packed structures. A long handle and a moderate length of the dendron are essential for stabilizing the square phases, and the four tine copolymer shows a larger region of stability for these phases compared to the Y-junction middle block system. A remarkable continuous phase transition between the square and rectangular phases is also found and investigated.


A digital tone squelch detect circuit functions to give an enabling signal for audio transmission in an FM radio network. The circuit comprises an analog to digital converter which outputs a binary coded signal representative of the voltage level of a received audio tone signal. The binary signal is then placed into a shift register which periodically is rotated and multiplied by a reference clock signal for correlation with a stored replica of the tone. The output of the correlator, which is representative of the degree of correlation, is fed to an accumulator which integrates it and sends it to a comparator where its binary valve is compared to an arbitrary threshold binary value by a hysteresis network. After detection the hysteresis established circuit outputs a tone detect signal and lowers the detection threshold so as to maintain the tone detect signal during periods of signal fadeout. However, if no signal is detected for several cycles, the threshold is raised to the previous binary level so as to avoid triggering on noise.


When light passes through the scattering medium, disordered speckles are formed. The wavefront shaping technology can adjust the amplitude or phase of the incident light to achieve focusing and imaging. In recent years, the research on single-point focusing of wavefront shaping has been relatively thorough, while multi-point focusing has been few researched. In order to achieve controllable multi-point light focusing, we combined the phase superposition method with the Hadamard encoding algorithm to develop a new feedback optimization algorithm. Using the constructed transmission matrix model, we made numerical simulations of the algorithm, and finally successfully achieved multipoint uniform focusing and customized proportional focusing, and proved that the algorithm has strong anti-noise and light control capabilities in multi-point light focusing. Our research will have broad application prospects in the fields of optical manipulation and optogenetics in the future.


Colicines are a complex group of water-soluble antibiotic substances produced by various strains of Escherichi4 coli (and indeed some other organisms) active against a number of species of bacteria, as for example, Shigella paradysentriae Flexner type III (Stock "Z"). Their production is demonstrated easily since a colicine producing colony grown on a medium containing previously seeded susceptible organisms will be surrounded by a clear zone in which none of the susceptible organisms grows. This laboratory has been interested in colicine for some time (Blackford, Parr, and Robbins, Antibiotics and Chemotherapy, 1, 392, 1951; Cook, Blackford, Robbins, and Parr, Antibiotics and Chemotherapy, 3, 195, 1953). Our concern with the problem is interest in a biological phenomenon rather than in antibiotics as such. We believe the observations reported below are worthy of record. In connection with a study of the effect of storage at various temperatures upon the production of colicine by pure cultures as such and from stored fecal suspensions, we undertook to determine if colicine production could be demonstrated in lyophilized coliform cultures. Available for study were numerous freeze-dry preparations of coliform organisms put up in 1938 by the late Dr. Alden F. Roe who worked with a homemade machine, utilizing a good vacuum pump and gauge, and manifold, mounting 10 small tubeampules and utilizing dry ice, calcium chloride, and a menstruum of either serum or milk (method unpublished). Fifty-four ampules of these desiccated organism were opened for study. A cardinal point in this report is the fact that desiccated culture material from each ampule was planted directly onto the seeded agar assay plate as well as planted


Chapter 1: Scene Setting Chapter 2: Integrating Ecosystem and Environmental Knowledge Chapter 3: Integrating Climate Change Hazards Chapter 4: Threats to Water Resources at River Basin Scale Chapter 5: Stakeholder's views and Science-Policy Interfacing


The Albany Research Center (ARC) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has been conducting research to investigate the feasibility of mineral carbonation as a method for carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration. The research is part of a Mineral Carbonation Study Program within the Office of Fossil Energy in DOE. Other participants in this Program include DOE?s Los Alamos National Laboratory and National Energy Technology Laboratory, Arizona State University, and Science Applications International Corporation. The research has focused on ex-situ mineral carbonation in an aqueous system. The process developed at ARC reacts a slurry of magnesium silicate mineral with supercritical CO2 to produce a solid magnesium carbonate product. To date, olivine and serpentine have been used as the mineral reactant, but other magnesium silicates could be used as well. The process is designed to simulate the natural serpentinization reaction of ultramafic minerals, and consequently, these results may also be applicable to strategies for in-situ geological sequestration. Baseline tests were begun in distilled water on ground products of foundry-grade olivine. Tests conducted at 150 C and subcritical CO2 pressures (50 atm) resulted in very slow conversion to carbonate. Increasing the partial pressure of CO2 to supercritical (>73 atm) conditions, coupled with agitationmore » of the slurry and gas dispersion within the water column, resulted in significant improvement in the extent of reaction in much shorter reaction times. A change from distilled water to a bicarbonate/salt solution further improved the rate and extent of reaction. When serpentine, a hydrated mineral, was used instead of olivine, extent of reaction was poor until heat treatment was included prior to the carbonation reaction. Removal of the chemically bound water resulted in conversion to carbonate similar to those obtained with olivine. Recent results have shown that conversions of nearly 80 pct are achievable after 30 minutes at test conditions of 155 C and 185 atm CO2 in a bicarbonate/salt solution. The results from the current studies suggest that reaction kinetics can be further improved. Future tests will examine additional pressure/temperature regimes, various pretreatment options,and solution modifications.« less


A multilayer capillary fiber was designed for optical sensor applications and its optical properties were evaluated by using a fluorescent layer immobilized on its inner surface. This fiber structure combines a large interaction surface (the inner wall of the capillary fiber) for binding of fluorescent indicators with evanescent wave fluorescence measurement, which may facilitate the design of pseudohomogeneous assays without separation of the bound from nonbound fluorescent indicator. The inner surface of the capillary was derivatized by aminosilanization, followed by biotinylation and addition of streptavidin. This biotin- streptavidin coating facilities subsequent immobilization of any biotinylated species (e.g. antibodies, antigens, etc.) participating in specific molecular recognition. We have evaluated some properties of this capillary fiber design by using fluorescent proteins immobilized on the inner wall of capillary by biotin-avidin-interaction. Fluorescence was excited by a HeNe-laser (fluorescent indicator APC; (lambda) em equals 660 nm) and by a Ar-laser (fluorescent indicator RPE, (lambda) em equals 578 nm), and measured with a spectrum analyzer.


The paper is a reflection on participating in distinct cultures while conducting anthropological research. The observations, recorded by me in my fieldwork diary, contain feelings, memories and judgements, resulting from my personal involvement and experiences, and serve as a pretext for considering anthropological knowledge and the way in which it is created. The snapshots excerpted from some events and interviews do not concern a single character, although they create a consistent story – an image of Kyrgyz social life, in which marriage by abduction is still practiced. Among various practices found in Kyrgyz fami- lies, I continually experience and interpret this particular custom, which is hard to accept in the "Western world". Most of the questions I raised are seemingly without answers. However, dense descriptions of events, together with large quantity of examples and ob- servations should bring the readers to their own conclusions. The paper is based on field studies in 2006, 2008, 2009 and 2014 in the north-western Kyrystan, in district of Talas Province.


The study investigated the potential of Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus (E.S.), which contains 1,2,3,4,6‐penta‐O‐galloyl‐beta‐d‐glucose (PGG), to protect mice from radiation injury by single whole‐body irradiation (WBI) in vivo. The results from the present study demonstrate that the E.S. extract significantly improved the rate and duration of survival beyond that of untreated, irradiated control mice. The counts of endogenous colony forming units (CFU) increased in E.S.‐treated mice, indicating that E.S. induced the regeneration of hematopoietic cells. E.S. treatment also accelerated the proliferation and recovery of lymphocytes and granulocytes, compared with those levels in untreated, irradiated controls. These results suggest that E.S. extract increases the survival time of mammals exposed to ionizing radiation by intensifying the victims' hematopoietic repair capacities. Therefore, it is concluded that the E.S. extract may be an effective agent of protection from radiation‐induced injuries. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Ultraviolet (UV) light especially UV-C has been used to sterilize fruits and vegetables. However, overdose of UV-C irradiation could cause brownish-red colouration to products such as banana fruit. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to: (1) examine the effect of UV-C irradiation at different doses on the surface colour of Berangan banana fruit during ripening;
(2) determine polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity after irradiated with different doses of UV-C, and (3) examine the effectiveness of three browning assessment methods (subjective score, browning index derived from Lab colour space and optical density of 420 nm) in response to PPO activity of UV-C irradiated Berangan banana fruit. Mature green Berangan banana
fruit were irradiated with 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 kJ/m
2 UV-C. After irradiation, the fruit were initiated to ripening using 1 mL/L ethylene for 24 h. Then, the fruit were allowed to ripen in 27oC and fruit of day 0, 1, 3 and 5 were sampled for peel colour (L*, a*, b*, C* and ho), browning assessment (three methods) and PPO assay. The peel colour, browning assessment using subjective score and optical density, and PPO activity of Berangan banana fruit were affected significantly (P ≤ 0.05) by interaction of radiation dose x ripening day. The values of L*, b*, C* and ho decrease while a* values increase as fruit irradiated with 0.03 and 0.04 kJ/m2 UV-C indicating brownish-red has occurred. Fruit irradiated with 0.04 kJ/m2 UV-C discoloured by ripening day 3 while those irradiated with 0.03 kJ/m2 discolored by day 5. Similar result was obtained when fruit assessed for its browning using subjective score and optical density. A contrary result was obtained in PPO activity where UV-C irradiation has inhibited Berangan banana fruit PPO activity by ripening day 5. Correlation analysis showed that browning index that derived from colour space is highly related to PPO activity with coefficients of 0.93. As conclusion, the lethal dose causing browning for Berangan banana fruit is 0.03 kJ/m2 and browning index that derived from colour space is most effective to correlate browning with PPO activity.


Cyber-physical systems are becoming part of our daily life, and a large number of data are generated at such an unprecedented rate that it becomes larger than ever before in social cyber-physical systems. As a consequence, it is highly desired to process these big data so that meaningful knowledge can be extracted from those vast and diverse data. Based on those large-scale data, using collaborative filtering recommendation methods to recommend some valuable clients or products for those e-commerce websites or users is considered as an effective way. In this work, we present an integrated collaborative filtering recommendation approach that combines item ratings, user ratings, and social trust for making better recommendations. In contrast to previous collaborative filtering recommendation works, integrated collaborative filtering recommendation approach takes full advantage of the correlation between data and takes into consideration the similarity between items, the similarity between users and two kinds of trust among users to select nearest neighbors of both users and items providing the most valuable information for recommendation. On the basis of neighbors selected, integrated collaborative filtering recommendation provides an approach combining two aspects to recommend valuable and suitable items for users. And the concrete process is illustrated as following: (1) the potentially interesting items are obtained by the shopping records of neighbors of a certain user, (2) the potentially interesting items are figured out according to the item neighbors of those items of the user, and (3) determine a few most interesting items combining the two sets of potential items obtained from previous process. A large number of experimental results show that the proposed integrated collaborative filtering recommendation approach can effectively enhance the recommendation performance in terms of mean absolute error and root mean square error. Integrated collaborative filtering recommendation approach could reduce mean absolute error and root mean square error by up to 27.5% and 15.7%, respectively.


In a dual-channel supply chain with hunger marketing, we study pricing and quality information disclosure decisions of the members when the information can be disclosed jointly, by the manufacturer or by the retailer. For each case, we also conduct sensitivity analysis to investigate the effects of the product compatibility with network sales and the information disclosure cost. The results show that hunger marketing strategy will improve the cost performance ratio and total demand of products, so as to improve the profit of manufacturers and supply chain. In addition, compared with the decentralized decision-making mode, the centralized decision-making mode helps supply chain to obtain more profit and disclose more quality information.


We have disclosed a new mode of a chemically regioselective switch for C-H bond functionalization of benzimidazole derivatives via a cooperative effect invoked by Ni-Al bimetallic catalysis to create a steric requirement for obtaining the linear product of styrene insertion. Yet, excluding the AlMe(3) cocatalyst switches the reaction toward branch selectivity.


Use of wastewater for growing vegetables has become a common practice around big cities. Wastewater contains organic material and inorganic elements essential for plant growth but also contain heavy metals which may be lethal for animals and humans if their concentration increases than permissible limit. To monitor this situation, a survey was conducted to ascertain the addition of heavy metals into agricultural fields through wastewater irrigation and their translocation in to the edible parts of the vegetables. For this purpose, during year 2009-10, 25 sewage water, 76 soil, 40 leaf and 30 vegetable samples (tomato, spinach, carrot and cauliflower) were taken from peri-urban area of Lahore district. These samples were analyzed for Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd and Ni contents. The analysis showed that in wastewater concentration of Cu (100 %), Mn (72 %), Ni (32 %) and Cd (44%) were higher than the safe limits while Zn, Fe and Pb concentration was below permissible limits. In soil DTPA extractable concentration of Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni and Cd was in safe limit and ranged between 1.30-8.02, 1.06 - 5.42, 8.60-35.03, 8.7-30.07, 2.11-30.86, 0.28-1.76 and 0.05-0.52 mg kg -1 respectively. In vegetable, 100 % leaf and fruit samples were contaminated and accumulation of heavy metals was higher than the WHO/FAO recommended permissible limits.


OBJECTIVE:To prevent and reduce the occurrence of hospital onset of infection of fungus in our hospi-tal.METHODS:The case history of patients with fungus infection in our hospital during the period from October2002to September2004were consulted and analyzed.RESULTS:Of the107patients with fungus infection in our hospital,72%of whom were above the age of60;the predilection sites were respiratory tract which accounted for81.3%,digestive which ac-counted for14.0%and urinary tract which accounted for10.3%;the main pathogenic bacteria were Candida albicans which accounted for92.5%of the total.All of the infected people were found to have used broad-spectrum antibiotics in a large quantity and some had used corticoid drugs.CONCLUSION:Rational drug use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and corticoid is an important means to prevent hospital onset of infection of fungus.


Using network coding in wireless networks can increase throughput and reduce energy consumption. Recently there are many works focusing on how to utilize network coding to increase throughput, however there are few works considering the quality of service such as delay which is important to time critical applications. This paper focuses on network coding based broadcast scheduling problem in time critical wireless networks with packet delay constraint and aims at minimizing the number of packets which miss their deadlines. Using a weighted graph model, we formulate the problem with an integer linear programming and prove that it is NP-hard. By assigning vertex weight as a decreasing function of packet deadline, we propose a packet encoding and broadcasting algorithm based on the maximum weight clique in the graph. Detailed analysis shows that some typical application requirements can be realized with different weight functions, which can be useful for Qos design. Simulation results show that our algorithm significantly reduce the deadline miss ratio in most cases, which is an important performance metric in time critical applications.


In this paper the mathematics model of IPM motor accounting for magnetic saturation and the effectiveness of magnetic saturation and cross-saturation on the IPM motor output characteristics and control characteristics are investigated over the entire operation range including constant torque range region and constant power region. Then a compensation control algorithm had been proposed based on above analysis. Finally the IPM motor speed control system applied the novel control method is established based on TMS320F2812 DSP chip, and the motor speed-torque output characteristics were analyzed. The experimental results verify that it can effectively improve the performance of the motor control system by using the control method proposed in this paper.


According to transportation model of volatile phase radon in soil,an experiment to continuously measuring radon in soil at the depths 0.28 and 1.4 m was designed and performmed with self developed device.The obtained data were fitted and analysed.It was founded that soil radon concentration in the volatile phase was changed periodically over time and pressure,and the change was opposite to pressure and consistent with temperature.The effect of temperature to radon transport was larger than that of pressure.According to the fitting between theoretical values and measured values,the average relative difference was-2.01% at the depths 0.28 m and-8.59% at the depths 1.4 m.This indicates that the theoretical formula can be used to study the transportation and distribution of radon in soil.


We fabricated a collinear acoustooptic deflector on proton-exchanged LiNbO3 with the objective of achieving high-speed seeking and track-following in optical disk drives. In order to obtain a high-efficiency deflector, we studied the electromechanical coupling coefficient Keff2 in proton-exchanged LiNbO3 experimentally and found that proton exchange greatly reduces Keff2 but annealing can gradually restore the value of Keff2. The collinear acoustooptic deflectors fabricated under suitable annealing conditions had optimum properties for an optical pickup application. The other effects of the annealing are also discussed in detail.


Optical laser fields have been widely used to achieve quantum control over the motional and internal degrees of freedom of atoms and ions, molecules and atomic gases. A route to controlling the quantum states of macroscopic mechanical oscillators in a similar fashion is to exploit the parametric coupling between optical and mechanical degrees of freedom through radiation pressure in suitably engineered optical cavities. If the optomechanical coupling is 'quantum coherent', i.e., if the coherent coupling rate exceeds both the optical and the mechanical decoherence rate, quantum states are transferred from the optical field to the mechanical oscillator and vice versa, thus allowing control of the mechanical oscillator state using the wide range of available quantum optical techniques. We experimentally demonstrate quantum-coherent coupling between optical photons and a micromechanical oscillator. The optomechanical system is a silica toroidal whispering gallery mode microresonator supported by spokes, embedded in a He-3 cryogenic environment. Coupling to the cold photon bath simultaneously cools the mechanical oscillator to an average occupancy of n=1.7±0.1 motional quanta. Pulsed optical excitation reveals the exchange of energy between the optical light field and the micromechanical oscillator in the time domain at the level of less than one quantum on average. These results provide a route towards the realization of efficient quantum interfaces between mechanical oscillators and optical fields.


Aumann equilibrium is a game situation from which no coalition of players has a joint deviation that improve the payoff of each member of the coalition. Congestion games has a large field of applications. An evolutionary technique for detecting Aumann equilibrium in this class of games is presented. The experiments prove the effectiveness of the proposed technique.


The UN Convention of the Sea ordains that the division of the sea area sho uld be based on the international laws and in a peaceful way. According to the i nternational laws, China and Japan should find a fair principle and method to so lve this problem.


Introduction Reproduction Development: nature and nurture Elements of heredity Selection and breeding policy Colour and coat variation Genetic breeds Abnormalities Behaviour aspects References Index.


This paper focuses on the development of a simulation model of a University Health Service Outpatient Clinic the implementation of which has resulted in significant improvements to system performance. The details of these improvements are published elsewhere; they amouted to savings in excess of fifty thousand dollars the first year the model was used, improved physician morale, and acceptance on the part of the Health Service staff of the simulation model as a tool for decision-making.
 The Health Service provides complete outpatient medical care and limited inpatient care for about 19,000 people. The resulting outpatient load of over 400 persons a day requires the services of 12 full-time physicians. The simulation model for which appointment and walk-in patients are generated separately, was developed over a two-year period and takes the general form of a multiple stage, parallel queueing system with a variable number of servers. Validation problems are discussed, and data is presented.


SUMMARY For real-time services, such as VoIP and videoconferencing supplied through a multi-domain MPLS network, it is vital to guarantee end-to-end QoS of the inter-domain paths. Thus, it is important to allocate an appropriate QoS class to the inter-domain paths in each transit domain. Because each domain has its own policy for QoS class allocation, each domain must then allocate an appropriate QoS class adaptively based on the estimation of the QoS class allocation policies adopted in other domains. This paper proposes an adaptive method for acquiring a QoS class allocation policy through the use of reinforcement learning. This method learns the appropriate policy through experience in the actual QoS class allocation process. Thus, the method can adapt to a complex environment where the arrival of inter-domain path requests does not follow a simple Poisson process and where the various QoS class allocation policies are adopted in other domains. The proposed method updates the allocation policy whenever a QoS class is actually allocated to an inter-domain path. Moreover, some of the allocation policies often utilized in the real operational environment can be updated and refined more frequently. For these reasons, the proposed method is designed to adapt rapidly to variances in the surrounding environment. Simulation results verify that the proposed method can quickly adapt to variations in the arrival process of inter-domain path requests and the QoS class allocation policies in other domains.


The Comment by Wolfgang Ketterle (Ref.[1]) purports to present a viable model of superradiance in condensates. However, Ref.[1] is not able to explain the red/blue pump detuning asymmetry that was first observed recently by us (Ref.[2]). It is clear from our original paper (Ref.[3]) that the rate-equation-based theories of Ref.[1] are incomplete since they only model the final growth stage of the process when a red-detuned pump is used. Our theoretical framework (Ref.[3]), on the other hand, also treats the initial growth stage of superradiance and is therefore also capable of explaining the genesis of the red/blue detuning asymmetry (Ref.[2]). This is the key message of our response, which we frame in terms of reference to the specific points raised in Ref. [1].


Metallurgy Industry which mainly changes the steel or its derivative products into products with either better surface properties (thanks to the surface transformations....), or into different shape products (lamination...), involves some processing tools which can generate flaws (cracks, grooves...) within the process. Prior to this study the laminated tubes, recipient for the uranium inside the nuclear reactor, where visually inspected after the lamination process. According to the quality estimation of the tube, subjectively done by the operator (between 1 and 4), the process was possibly stopped (grade 4). In order to have a more objective control of the tube, a machine vision set-up was developed. The primary goal of this prototype is to provide a view of the whole surface of the tube to the operator. Various lighting systems where tested so as to reveal the maximum number of defect (tool marks, scratches, ..). The tube surface being not even (rough), we found that an homogenous lighting of the scene enabled a clear inspection of the tube surface and reveal most of the defects. Unfortunately a structured lighting system was also required for the tool-marks to be visible. Then, different image processing tools have been applied to the images. At this point, all the defects are detected. Further experiments are currently being done to classify the defects.


Two hundred slum young women was chosen at random from the 10 slum areas of Parbhani town of Marathwada region of Maharashtra state. Out of which 30 were from the middle SES group and the remaining 170 were from the low SES group. The age group of the slum young women ranged between 20yrs and 25yrs. The Self-esteem Scale for Women developed by Kapadia and Verma was administered on them for assessing their self-esteem levels. Kuppuswamy's socio-economic status scale for urban population revised by Patnam (2010) was used to assess the socio-economic status of sample slum young women. The results reveal that majority (57%) of the selected slum young women were assessed to have low self-esteem level followed by medium level of selfesteem (29%) and high level of self-esteem (13%) irrespective of their low and middle SES groups. Family background variables such as family size, family type, age and education of fathers and mothers were found to have significant influence on their self-esteem levels. Results reveal that that all the selected slum young women having high self-esteem level were found to have special talents in many of theareas as compared to their counterparts having medium and low levels of selfesteem. Irrespective of self-esteem levels of slum young women (48%, 49%, 85%) significantly a higher percentage of them reported that their involvement in extracurricular activities was poor.


In August 1982, I finished a six-month stint as a senior house officer in obstetrics, and brought my career as a hospital doctor to an end. Since then, I have worked mainly in general practice and as an educator. I have only had the typical contacts that you would expect a GP to have with the world of hospital medicine. However, a few months ago I was asked to design some training for hospital consultants in how to carry out clinical supervision effectively. Since then, I have been visiting acute hospitals for one day a week, and talking to people involved in education there. I have been trying to find out what has changed in hospital culture during the quarter of a century since I was last familiar with it. Mostly, I have been trying to distinguish how far education in hospitals has diverged from GP education in that time. It has been a bit of a shock. Since the 1980s, GP education in Britain has been transformed beyond recognition. In order to become a GP trainer, you now have to study for at least a year, and acquire the equivalent of a postgraduate certificate in education. GP registrars are more or less supernumerary within their practices. In effect every training practice needs to be able to function without depending on its juniors, and the vast majority of GP practices do not take on registrars at all. In most circumstances, registrars are not allowed to work without continual access to their trainers for guidance and supervision. Registrars report in detail on all their difficult cases, trainers sometimes sit in on their surgeries, and both will examine video recordings of the registrar's consultations. They hold weekly tutorials together where a great deal of time is spent in thinking about reflective practice. Much of the emphasis within GP registrar training is on the intimate connection between technical skills and communication skills. The minutiae of medical decision-making (the right advice, the right prescription, the right referral) are discussed alongside the minutiae of doctor-patient interaction (the body language, the verbal cues, the pauses, the timing and the exact wording of questions). Virtually all of this seems to be absent from hospital training, with the obvious exception of a few specialized fields like psychiatry. I have quickly learned that becoming a trainer or supervisor still comes automatically with the job of hospital consultant. Many consultants …


Real-time image processing is an important developing direction of machine vision system.To meet the requirement of high-speed real-time image processing,the image acquisition system must achieve rigorous standards.This paper using the FPGA as the hardware platform,combining with embedded NIOS soft-core,design a high-speed image acquisition system based on Camera Link.Simulated the software system by the ModelSim,designed the hardware as modular parts and pass integrated debugging,tested the system actually,and met design requirement.


Environment influences greatly the ideological and political education in colleges and universities.This paper focuses on analyzing many problems in external environment for ideological and political education in colleges and universities from microenvironment,social environment,family environment and public medium environment aspects etc.


Sound positioning in virtual immersive acoustic environments is a demanding task for people with visual impairments. The goal of our research is to create a model of user audio perception, to enhance game experience for persons with visual impairments. We present the immersive audio game engine developed to gather user performance localizing 3D sound virtual position and the experimental setup.


N-Nitrosomelatonin (NOMela) is well known for its capabilities to transnitrosate nucleophiles such as thiols and ascorbate thereby generating nitric oxide (NO)-releasing compounds. Like molsidomine, NOMela is one of the few NO-releasing substrates not inducing nitrate tolerance and may be therefore highly suitable as NO-therapeutical. As the physical and chemical properties of NOMela do not allow its direct application (oral or intravascular) in animals/ humans, the encapsulation with biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) polymers was performed and NOreleasing kinetics were studied. NOMela could be successfully encapsulated in PLGA (NOMela-PLGA) with an efficiency of 85% thereby prolonging its half-life time in aqueous solution (e.g. in the cytoplasm of endothelial and smooth muscle cells) about 3-fold. In the presence of "activated hydroxy compounds" like vitamin C and thus under physiological conditions, NOMela-PLGA yielded two therapeutically relevant hormones, melatonin and nitric oxide, via reactions only known (until now) for unencapsulated, freely diffusing NOMela. Importantly, in the absence of any activated hydroxy compound the unwanted hydrolysis reaction of NOMela dominated, generating the non-functional nitrite (and not nitric oxide). These findings suggested that PLGA-encapsulated NOMela will be highly attractive as a novel NO-releasing drug lacking common side-effects of classical NO-releasing molecules such as glyceroltrinitrate.


THE "STUDDING" OR ROUGHENING OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE SURFACINGS IS AN INTERESTING SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM OF IMPROVING FRICTION OF ROAD SURFACINGS. IT ALSO PERMITS THE USE - UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS - OF CALCAREOUS GRAVELS IN WEARING SURFACES. THE BITUMINOUS CONCRETE HAS A GRANULOMETRY OF 0/6 TO 0/10 AND IS DEFICIENT IN GRAVEL SIZES. THE ROUGHENING IS ACHIEVED BY MECHANICAL APPLICATION OF 5 TO 6 KG/SQ M OF 10/14 GRAVEL, OR 6 TO 7 KG/SQ M OF 14/16 GRAVEL. THE ROUGHENING GRAVEL IS HARD, WELL-SHAPED AND NOT EASILY POLISHED. IT IS PRE-COATED AND PRESSED INTO THE HOT WEARING SURFACE AT THE TIME OF COMPACTION. THE PRESENCE OF LARGE ELEMENTS AT THE SURFACE ENSURES GOOD ROUGHNESS GEOMETRY AND CORRECT COEFFICIENTS OF FRICTION FROM THE OUTSET. DIFFERENTIAL USE OF MORTAR AND ROUGHENING GRAVEL ENABLES THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE FRICTIONAL PROPERTIES DURING THE EARLY YEARS OF SERVICE. THE DECLINE IN THE COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION WILL BE PROGRESSIVE BUT SLOW, AND WILL BE A FUNCTION OF THE RESISTANCE TO POLISHING OF THE ROUGHENING GRAVEL. CORRECT APPLICATION IS ESSENTIAL. ROUGHENING BADLY EXECUTED ENTAILS INCREASED SKIDDING RISKS DUE TO RICHNESS OF FINE-GRAINED MATERIALS IN THE SURFACE COATING. THIS RISK BECOMES EVEN HIGHER IF THE BITUMINOUS WEARING COURSE CONTAINS POLISHABLE MATERIALS.


We present a formal framework for modeling evolutionary dynamics with special emphasis on the generation of diversity through branching of the evolutionary tree. Fitness is defined as the long term growth rate which is influenced by the biotic environment leading to frequency-dependent selection. Evolution can be described as a dynamics in space with variable number of dimensions corresponding to the number of different types present. The dynamics within a subspace is governed by the local fitness gradient. Entering a higher dimensional subspace is possible only at a particular type of attractors where the population undergoes evolutionary branching.


A strong asymmetric amplification was observed in the enantioselective Henry reaction catalyzed by the (R,R)-trans-N,N'-bis-biphenyl-4-ylmethyl-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine·CuCl2 complex in AcOEt, while no amplification occurred in MeOH.


This document will explain what a research question is, why it is better to start your research with a question than with a thesis statement, and how to create a thesis statement by answering your research question.


English is a accented beats language. Based on DIVA model, this paper develops a neural computing model which can analyze English word stress. This study modifies the DIVA model' prosody parameters to simulate English word stress generation and acquisition through the Time-domain pitch synchronous overlap-add (TD-PSOLA) algorithm. The experimental results show that the improved model better express the stressed syllable in English words. In addition, this study also increases pitch perturbation and detects the compensation of pitch and duration, to verify the correctness of the improved DIVA model.


An exact expression for the scalar flux was derived using the Green's function for a scalar. The nonlocal eddy diffusivity involved in the expression represents a contribution to the scalar flux from the mean scalar gradient at remote points in space and time. The direct numerical simulation of channel flow was carried out to validate the nonlocal expression. The velocity and scalar fields as well as the Green's function were calculated in the cases of one- and two-dimensional mean scalar fields and of oscillating mean scalar field. It was shown that the nonlocal expression is accurate in all the cases. A local expression for the scalar flux was also examined to show that the local approximation is not accurate enough and that the nonlocal effect is important. Some attempts were made to model the nonlocal effect. The nonlocal diffusivity was expressed algebraically using an exponential function, the local expression was modified by adding higher-order terms, and a differential equation for the nonlocal di...


Over the century and a half since its unification, Italy caught up with the most advanced economies. Such a result was achieved in the presence of an industrial structure which is in many respects unique in international perspective and characterized by a dominance of small firms and a marginal role of large firms. In the last twenty years, however, this pattern seems to have come to a halt. In this paper we explore the determinants of such a dynamic in the long run. The focus will be on the role played by institutions in forging an array of industrial policies in place over the last 150 years which determined the process of convergence and, more recently, of divergence in big business, and the outstanding, constant presence of a small business sector far beyond the average of the most advanced countries among which Italy is still considered to be.


Abstract Attempting to describe a face can lead to subsequent recognition impairments, i.e., verbal overshadowing. A new explanation of the verbal overshadowing effect was tested by manipulating whether participants described features that were more or less salient for face identification. To manipulate the distinguishing features, distractor faces were created with gray scale photographs of men identical to the targets except for the eyes and mouth (Study 1) or eyebrows and nose (Study 2). In both studies, participants (Study 1: N = 177, 81 men, M age = 18.9 yr.; Study 2: N = 144, 133 men, M age = 20.5 yr.) were assigned to one of two verbalization conditions or a control condition. After a target face was presented, participants in the two verbalization conditions were asked to describe specific features—either eyes and mouth, or eyebrows and nose—before a recognition test. Participants in the control condition completed a filler task. The measure of recognition was whether participants could recognize ...


The theme of adapting the nature of the right of the state to an international watercourse Still regaining much attention from various circles legal Engaged in studies of public international law because it is important and what Its consequences and effects, international efforts have evolved Efforts to deal with this issue through a process of working Sedulous within the corridors of the United Nations, and after extensive readings The legal provisions which help regulate aspects of the problem The nature of the right of the state, managed the New York Convention of 1997 in resolving The bulk of this


Objective: Vitamins and minerals are essential for human growth and development. The present work was designed to find out the status of multi-vitamins and minerals containing drugs by compare these declared amounts present in their preparations with officially recommended dose. Methods: The samples of marketed multivitamins and multivitamins with minerals were collected from various areas of Bangladesh. The data were recorded from the label and insert of the containers and compare them with officially recommended dose for the vitamins and minerals. results: 59 brands with 7 different formulae showed a great variety of the amounts of ingredients which in some preparation are higher or in some preparation lower than the recommended dose. From formula 1 it was found that 17 active ingredients were used in a single formulation. Vitamin E, vitamin B 6 , potassium, manganese were used lower than the recommended amount. In this formulation Vitamin A was used in much higher concentration while Vitamin B 6 was used one third and Manganese was used one fifth of their recommended dose. From formula 2 was as same as formula 1 with the only exception used of panthothenic acid instead of calcium panthothenate. Addition of Vitamin B 3 is the only exception of Formula 3 with formula 1which can only increase the price rather than the efficiency. Formula 4, 5 and 6 were manufactured for pediatric use. In formula 4 Thiamine HCl, nicotinamide and panthotenate are used in lower concentration than their recommended dose were thiamine was used almost one tenth of its recommended dose. In formula 5, 7 active ingredients were used, were thiamine HCl, vitamin C, nicotinamide used in lower concentration. Formula 6, revealed that the concentration of 3 out of 8 active ingredients were lower than their recommended dose. In both formulae 5 and 6 manufacturers used thiamin HCl, one tenth of their recommended dose and the content of formula 7 were much higher than the recommended dose. In these formulae 3 active ingredients were used. Conclusion: These formulations contain either higher or lower amount of active ingredients than their recommended dose. The lower dose having no therapeutic effect whereas the higher dose can create lots of complications.


Objective:To investigate the clinical effects and analyze related influential factors of incompletely fractured teeth in the elder. Methods:44 incompletely fractured teeth were treated with five various methods, including 5 teeth by full crown restoration with vital pulp directly, 6 teeth by provisional crown restoration before root canal obturation and full crown restoration after root canal obturation, 25 teeth by occlusal adjustment largely and full crown restoration after root canal obturation, 6 teeth by post-and-core crown restoration, 2 teeth by post-and-core crown restoration after crown lengthening. Six months to five years follow-up results were evaluated. Results:The clinical successful rate was 84.1%. There were a lot of influential factors on the long term curative effect. The depth of fracture, the number of marginal ridge included by incompletely fracture and the depth of periodontal pocket affected the successful rate significantly. Conclusion:It is suggested that special measures taken to the fractured teeth with different level are the key of successful therapy.