The research investigated the relationship between effortful control and emotional reactivity in students. It also analyzed the description of each variable descriptively based on the levels of effortful control and the level of emotional reactivity. The method was by self-report through questionnaires distributed to students aged 18-30 years. There were 357 participants that were consisting of 94 male students and 263 female students. The measuring instrument was the Effortful Control from the Adult Temperament Scale Questionnaire (ATQ) Scale-Short form, and the Perth Emotional Reactivity Scale-Short Form scale. The result shows that there is a positive significant relationship between effortful control and positive emotional reactivity. However, the research shows that there is a negatively significant relationship between effortful control and negative emotional reactivity. It states that students with high levels of effortful control have high positive emotional reactivity. Likewise, students who have low levels of effortful have low positive emotional reactivity. However, individuals who have a high level of effortful control have low negative emotional reactivity and vice versa.


Abstract Moorea, 134 km2 of land surface, 70 km of coastline, sister island of Tahiti, is encircled by a coral reef ecosystem 1 km wide and with a surface area of 49 km2. The objectives of the study were : — to establish the present socio-professional status of the « reef lagoon fisherman » — to determine stocks and catch of different fish species — to quantify auto-consumption and the commercialisation of fish ; — and to estimate the economic value of coral reef fisheries in the context of the present development of Moorea, an island of French Polynesia whose G.D.P. (Gross Domestic Product) is one of the most important in the South Pacific area. Coral reef fishing by selective, non destructive methods, as well as road side selling of fish by the fishermen themselves are carried out all year round. This traditional form of coral reef fishing is preserved and supported by local demand which is also traditional. However it remains outside of tourist hotel circuits and commercialisation by middlemen. If the number of fishermen can be estimated as around 50 compared to an active population of 2,763 (out of 8,800 inhabitants) of which 442 are employed in the primary sector, the number of fishermen living mainly by that activity is only 15. The product of coral reef fishery is to be about 50 ± 16 tons per year, which represents between 7 and 13 kg per hectare. However the exploitation of the ichtyological resource concerns only five species, accounting for 65 % of the total tonnage. Population dynamic studies related to these species will be necessary in order to know if they are under or over exploited. Coral reef fishing represents an income of between 25 ± 8 millions CFP.. The average income for a fisherman living mainly from that economical activity is close to the 1992 legal minimum wage level in French Polynesia.


Background and aims: a) To evaluate alterations in the circulating levels of osteocalcin (OC, a marker of osteoblastic activity) and carboxy terminal cross-linked telopeptide (ICTP, an indicator of os- teoclastic function) in severely obese women under baseline conditions and after bariatric malabsorptive surgery (biliopancreatic diversion, BPD); b) To define any correlation between these parameters and some of the hormones involved in regulating bone metabolism: parathyroid hormone (PTH), gonadal and ad- renal steroids, and leptin. M ethods: Design: Observational, 2-year postoperative study. Participants: Fifteen severely obese, eumenorrhoic women aged 25-43 years. Measurements: Determination of body composition using body impedance analysis (BIA), and serum levels of OC, ICTP, PTH, leptin (L), estradi- ol 17β (E2), progesterone (P) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS). Results: The results are ex- pressed as mean values ±SEM. Twenty-four months (±3 months) post-surgery, all of the patients showed a significant reduction in the BMI (from 46.5±2.5 to 36.2±1.6) and fat mass (from 44.1±0.8 to 37.1±0.9) (p<0.001). OC increased from 12±3.2 to 37.5± 5.2 ng/ml (p<0.0001) and ICTP from 6.2±0.7 to 14.9±1.9 µg/l (p<0.0001), and the high baseline leptin levels of 48.7±6.4 decreased to 19.9± 3.0 ng/ml (p<0.0001). There were no statistically significant changes in PTH, E2, P or DHEAS. Conclusions: Two years after bariatric surgery, the weight loss in our patients was accompanied by an increase in the serum levels of two circu- lating bone turnover markers OC and ICTP. As there were no significant changes in PTH or steroid status, these findings may be related to the reduction in circulating L, which may play a direct role in regulating skeletal metabolism. Obesity and Metabolism 2006; 2: 201-204.


In the field of systems biology the task of finding optimal model parameters is a common procedure. The optimization problems encountered are often multi-modal, i.e., with several local optima. In ...


This technical deliverable describes the model design used in Domino. Domino deploys an agent-based model that has been developed following the Gaia methodology. This deliverable contains the requirements, specification and design of the model. This includes the definition of the roles and interactions models as part of the analysis of the system, and the agent, services and acquaintance models as part of the design of the model.

Other design issues such as the simulation engine, communication channels and potential parallelisation are described. This deliverable also presents some implementation details such as the programming language and potential libraries that will be used.


Background and objectives: Having evaluated the hypersensitivity reactions to drugs, the information obtained from the clinical history is fundamental. This is because complementary tests usually have a limited usefulness. Up to 5% of patients suffer from some type of adverse reaction to drugs (ARD) during the course of their hospitalization. Only 0.3-3% of these hospitalizations is due to some kind of adverse reaction to drugs. The allergic reactions are only 6-25% of the total adverse reactions. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of communications about allergy to drugs in a regional hospital. Patients and method: A review of clinical histories of adult patients hospitalized during the year 2000 was performed. In the study, there were taken into account variables such as demographic type, hospitalization area (surgical or medical), drug or product suspect of being the cause of the reaction, clinical description of the reaction, diagnostic study and drugs used during hospitalization. Results: Out of the 500 histories reviewed, 75 patients presented precedents to drug hypersensitivity, with a total number of 103 reactions: 64.07% to antibiotics, 21.35% to analgesic or anti-inflammatory drugs and 6.79% to radiologic contrast media. 82% of the reactions were not detailed, but most of those that could be evaluated referred to cutaneous clinic. 10.6% of the patients received some drug related, either antigenically or structurally, with the one they had communicated allergy to. None of them presented newer adverse reactions. Conclusions: 15% of the patients referred allergy to drugs, most of them to antibiotics. This percentage did not change taking into account sex or area of hospitalization of the patient. The majority of the histories did not gather any data about the clinic of the reaction


Piper longum is a well‐known spice and traditional medicine. It was revealed to possess anti‐diabetic activity, but few information about its active component and underlying mechanism could be available. In this study, retrofractamides A (1) and C (2) isolated from P. longum showed potent inhibitory activity against PTP1B. Therefore, the potential mechanism was predicted by network pharmacology and molecular docking. PI3K/AKT was obtained as the most remarkable pathway against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and AKT1 and GSK3β were yielded as the top two core targets of retrofractamides A (1) and C (2). Molecular docking of compounds with AKT1 and GSK3β showed strong binding affinity between them. Additionally, cellular experiments with a L6 cell model was conducted to further verify the above predictions. Results indicated that retrofractamides A (1) and C (2) exerted anti‐diabetic effect via activating PI3K/AKT pathway, and they promoted glucose consumption, glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis and glycolysis.


It has long been recognized that biological activity has a large influence on biogeochemical cycles in the ocean. However, the recognition that the ecosystem composition may also be significant is more recent. The newest generation of biogeochemical models used to study climate-ocean interactions represents the diversity of planktonic ecosystems by grouping similar species into "plankton functional types" (PFTs). These models can thus include specific biogeochemical processes mediated by distinct PFTs, such as the ballasting effect of mineral shells, the aggregation effect of some organic material, and the packaging effect of grazing by large zooplankton.


ABSTRACT Erratic rainfall, high evapotranspiration rates and droughts are major factors limiting crop production in semi-arid areas. Tied ridges that have crossed ties within the furrow are among the physical soil and water conservation measures. During the 2018/19 and 2019/20 seasons, we examined the efficacy of repaired tied ridges for maize crop (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in Kongwa district of Tanzania as an alternate labour saving strategy for managing climate risks associated with variable rainfall. Treatments consisted of three tillage methods: conventional tillage (CT) which involved the preparation of a flat seedbed using handhoe, annually constructed tied ridges (ATR) and tied ridges that had been constructed during the previous season and had been repaired (residual tied ridges–RTR). Data were collected on labour requirements and crop performance. RTR increased economic returns by 29% and 80% over ATR and CT, respectively. Maize grain yield shows a trend of RTR >ATR>CT with values ranging from 2465 kg ha−1 to 4185 kg ha−1 (P < 0.01). While tillage and/or variety did not influence sorghum grain yield significantly (P > 0.05). The use of RTR is recommended because of low labour requirements and greater economic benefits than CT and ATR under maize cropping systems.


School burnout reduces productivity and creativity and is related to low goal progress which subsequently leads to delay in studies and low educational aspirations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of school burnout and its relationship with gender and academic achievement The objectives of the study were to: Establish school burnout levels, determine gender differences in school burnout and Determine differences amongst high and low academic achievers in school burnout. The study was guided by Work Burnout theory. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The study population consisted of 4500 students. A sample size of 450 was selected based on Nkpa's formula. Stratified random sampling technique was used. Questionnaires and document analysis guide were used for data collection. Reliability was computed using Cronbach's alpha: for school burnout, it was 0.8. Face and content validity were ascertained by experts in the Department of Educational Psychology the author respectively. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistics. There were significant gender differences in cynicism with females reporting higher levels than males. Low achievers reported more school burnout. The study may be useful to teachers, counselors, administrators and parents who may be able to assist students reduce burnout. This research is also important for policy. The government may enforce school holidays devoid of tuition. It is recommended that programs be developed that create awareness and encourage students' to reduce school burnout.


There are already cases of study about the impact of families on residents' recreational behavior,but few cases of study about the impact of family size on residents' recreation.This study,after collecting 1818 questionnaires from five medium and small cities,makes an investigation on recreational needs,venues,activities and barriers.After factor analysis,the paper discusses the impact of family size on recreational behavior and the character of recreational behavior of fanily groups.The paper also makes an explanation of their recreational behavior in combination of the theory of family life cycle.


Suzhou Pingtan,a type of storytelling and ballad singing in Suzhou dialect,after it was introduced into Shanghai,contributed to the emergence and development of tabloids on art and literature. The comments made on lyrics by these tabloids,in return,served as a kind of cultural reshaping for authors of the tabloids. In a word,tabloids and Pingtan benefited each other and contributed to the development and prosperity of urban culture.


A three stage 28 GHz InP MMIC coplanar waveguide amplifier with 27 dB gain over the frequency band from 26 to 32 GHz has been developed. The circuit is fully passivated with Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ and includes all necessary elements for input/output matching and bias decoupling. As active devices 0.25 mu m lattice matched InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs were used. The chip dimensions are 2.4*2.0 mm/sup 2/.


ABSTRACT Brahat Panchmool a collective name is attributed to the combination of roots (mool = roots) of five (panch = five) medicinal plant species, viz., Aegle marmelos, Oroxylum indicum, Gmelina arborea, Clerodendrum phlomidis and Stereospermum suaveolens. It forms a part of the group Dashmoola. The present communication provides diagnostic powder microscopic characteristics of Brahat Panchmool that may be used in identification of these drugs as well as their presence in poly-herbal powdered formulations. Keywords: Brahat Panchmool, powder microscopy, pharmacognosy


PURPOSE: To obtain a drastically sharp waveform having no attenuation nor deformation while ensuring a desired structural strength by a structure wherein a pair of structural barrier walls form a window passing a desired sound waveform by laminating a core. CONSTITUTION: Barrier walls 12, 14 are laminated on a core 16. A specific technology for forming a laminate coupling between the core 16 and the barrier walls 12, 14 is selected from the view point of the chemical characteristics of a specific material for forming the barrier walls 12, 14 and the core 16. The structural characteristics in the formation of a window 10 are regulated depending on the thickness, the tensile modulus of elasticity and the compression modulus of elasticity of barrier wall, and the thickness and modulus of rigidity of the core. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO


From the point of view of bridge structures, the moving load is one of the most important components of the load. The analysis of the influence of moving load on bridges is carried out numerically or experimentally and can be traced in the literature since the year 1849. The first impulse was the collapse of the Chester Rail Bridge in England in the year 1847. The present paper analyses the effect of the moving load on a two-span bridge, both numerical and experimental way. The planar model of the vehicle and the bridge is adopted. The bridge is modeled as Bernoulli-Euler beam. The heavy vehicle is modeled as a discrete computational model with 8 degrees of freedom. Two approaches are used in numerical modeling. For the first time, the task is solved by the finite element method in the environment of the program system ADINA. The Newmark's method is used for the solution of equations of motion. The classic approach is used for the second time. A discrete computational model of a bridge with two degrees of freedom is used. Equations of motion are solved numerically in the environment of program system MATLAB by the Runge-Kutta 4th order method. The influence of vehicle speed on vertical deflections in the middle of individual bridge fields is analyzed in the speed range from 0 to 130 km/h with a step of 5 km/h. The detailed comparison of both numerical approaches is made at a vehicle speed of 70 km/h. The deflections of the bridge and the deflection of the vehicle are compared with each other. The correctness of the assumptions used in the numerical solutions was verified by measurement on a model beam in the laboratory. The results of the experimental tests were compared with the results of the numerical solution.


– Based on past study, three different value constructs, including social value, hedonic value, and epistemic value, were adopted in this study to examine their influence on individual's stickiness to use Facebook. Besides, this paper aims to explore how "trust" affects the personal usage behaviors. , – The research model was tested with data from 345 Facebook's users using a web survey. The partial least squares technology was used to test the proposed hypotheses. , – Results confirmed that hedonic value served as important value concerns for Facebook users. Besides, considering trust factor, the respondents can be classified into two groups. In the high-trust group, social value and hedonic value produced significant impacts on stickiness. In the low-trust group, the statistical results show that epistemic value and hedonic value had impacts on the stickiness for Facebook web site use, but social value aspect had no significant impact. , – The respondents were mainly the subjects that belonged to the young age group in Taiwan. Therefore, it should be cautious to generalize the conclusions to other areas or the elder. , – This study results facilitate web site operators and marketing researchers to understand what value factors and trust affect the user stickiness of Facebook. Their marketing plan and application plug-in can be accordingly adjusted. , – This study provides positive evidences how value factors affect Facebook stickiness. The paper also proved that high-trust and low-trust people have different value models.


Trauma to the perineum can also cause discomfort and pain during sexual intercourse, so it is essential to treat this pain. One way to reduce feelings of pain is to do complementary therapy using lavender oil aromatherapy. Lavender contains antidepressant, calming, anti-anxiolytic and anticonvulsant properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of lavender aromatherapy on the intensity of perineal suture pain in postpartum mothers. Methods: The method applied is a quasi-experimental case study pretest and posttest where the research sample is the postpartum mother, Ny. Laila Tus Syania G2P2A0 2 hours postpartum with 2-degree laceration at the Independent Practice Midwife Nursaidah Batam City. The instrument in this study uses a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scale in the range 0-7, where no pain is worth 0, mild pain on a 1-3 scale, moderate pain 4-5, and severe pain 6-7. The material used in this study was 100% concentrated lavender oil vapor, which was dripped in several 4-5 drops and then dissolved in 200 ml of water for 30 minutes. The results showed an effect before being given lavender aromatherapy inhalation, and the maternal perineal pain score reached 7 (high or severe pain). After being given lavender aromatherapy inhalation, the maternal perineal pain score became 3 (mild pain). The conclusion from the case study is that giving inhaled lavender aromatherapy affects postpartum mothers' perineal suture pain.


Abstract Algorithmic communications pose several challenges to democracy. The three phenomena of filtering, hypernudging, and microtargeting can have the effect of polarizing an electorate and thus undermine the deliberative potential of a democratic society. Algorithms can spread fake news throughout the society, undermining the epistemic potential that broad participation in democracy is meant to offer. They can pose a threat to political equality in that some people may have the means to make use of algorithmic communications and the sophistication to be immune from attempts at manipulation, while other people are vulnerable to manipulation by those who use these means. My concern here is with the danger that algorithmic communications can pose to political equality, which arises because most citizens must make decisions about what and who to support in democratic politics with only a sparse budget of time, money, and energy. Algorithmic communications such as hypernudging and microtargeting can be a threat to democratic participation when persons are operating in environments that do not conduce to political sophistication. This constitutes a deepening of political inequality. The political sophistication necessary to counter this vulnerability is rooted for many in economic life and it can and ought to be enhanced by changing the terms of economic life.


Customization is becoming the direction of the transformation and upgrading of industrial enterprises. On the basis of ensuring the production process optimization control, we use metal powder production enterprises as an object, proposing the informatization integration design scheme of intelligent and the development plan of data analysis platform for metal powder production enterprise in order to realize customization intelligent manufacturing in this paper. As a result, the project implements realize the whole enterprise production process management, and create conditions for enterprises to realize customization the transformation and upgrading.


This article examines the scholarship of several critical and popular criminologists who have offered explanations for the relative disappearance and dehumanization of prisons and their inhabitants in an American cultural and intellectual environment that has become increasingly punitive and expressive in its penal sanctions. Selective films from two different time-frames are examined for their representations of associated penal discourses. The author is particularly interested in the changes seen in feature-length films, and believes it is possible to apply the works of social commentators on penal policy generally to contextualize and understand them. Indeed, she considers these changes in recent films to be indicative of new cultural beliefs and ideologies about the criminal offender and justice system. The former, she argues, has been demonized and made unredeemable in our thinking, with banishment and containment being the sole corrective policies put forth to deal with him or her. And, the latter, she believes, shows the effects of a citizenry that has become deeply distrustful of its government and justice system and much more confident of the wonders of technology to remove and manage in a more efficient way the dangerous others among us.


This paper presents expressions for the limiting value of the duty cycle and the minimum value of the slope compensation for marginally stable operation as well as for the normalized crossover frequency, the maximum duty cycle, and the value of the slope compensation at a required phase margin. These quantities describe the performance of the inner-current loop in peak current-mode controlled PWM dc-dc converters. The derivations are based on the Padé approximation of z = exp(sTs). The results of this paper can be used for the design of the inner-current loop with a specified phase margin.


Shale gas mainly stores in shale matrix, and gas production in shale matrix is very important during exploration. In order to clarify gas production and transport mechanism in shale matrix, an experimental modeling of gas production in shale matrix was designed and conducted with Longmaxi shale samples collected from South of Sichuan. The experimental results show that gas production decline curve displays a "L" pattern which indicates initial production is high and declines rapidly, while late production is low and declines moderately; meanwhile, pressure propagation in shale matrix is quite slow due to ultralow permeability. Based on the results, a mathematical model was derived to describe gas production in shale matrix. The comparison between numerical solution of mathematical model and experimental results shows that the mathematical model can well describe gas transport in shale matrix. In addition, factors affecting gas production were investigated on the basis of the mathematical model. Adsorbed gas can replenish gas pressure in pores by desorption and delay pressure propagation, and gas production decreases very quickly when there is no adsorbed gas. Other parameters (diffusion coefficient, permeability and porosity) also need to be considered in shale gas development.


The classical method of 5A molecular sieve for absorbing mixed solvents to elute n-alkanes is suitable for samples with medium to high content levels of n-alkanes, but the content of n-alkanes in the desert lake sediment core is lower than that from general lake sediments. The recovery rate of samples with medium to high content levels content complexed and eluted by the classical 5A molecular sieve method is only 0% 32.86%. In this article, we optimize the classical 5A molecular sieve adsorption mixed solvent elution method, specifically: adding a low content of mother liquor and the corresponding amount of molecular sieve into a sealable glass bottle to complex n-alkanes with cyclohexane. Liquid level in sealable glass bottle reduced from 2 cm to 1 cm. The optimized method can obtain 93.96% 100% complex recovery rate.


While treatment with antiretrovirals and improved obstetrical practices significantly lessen the risk of HIV transmission from HIV-positive mother to child during pregnancy and labor infants who breastfeed face exposure to HIV after birth. In populations where most mothers breastfeed for 18 months or longer about one-third of all mother-to-child HIV transmission occurs during this period. Counseling mothers on infant feeding to reduce HIV transmission risk is thus a critical component of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services. (excerpt)


An immunogenic composition comprising influenza virus haemagglutinin and matrix proteins. These may be from influenza viruses grown in cell culture rather than eggs. The matrix protein may be a fragment of a full-length viral matrix protein e.g. a matrix M1 fragment with a molecular weight of less than 2OkDa. The composition may be a subunit vaccine comprising purified surface glycoproteins.


PURPOSE: A power generation control system and a method thereof are provided to improve the fuel efficiency of a vehicle by setting a target voltage according to a driving state and battery state of a vehicle. CONSTITUTION: A vehicle information sensor unit(200) watches the velocity of a car, the amount of supplied fuel, the brake operation, and the opening degree of an accelerator. A battery sensor unit(100) senses the state of a battery. A regulator(300) controls an alternator according to a target voltage. A controller(400) decides the driving state of a vehicle according to the vehicle information. The controller decides the target voltage according to the states of the battery and the driving state of a vehicle.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
We tested long-acting injectable depot naltrexone for its tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and safety in Phase I.

METHODS
The Phase I trial enrolled 36 healthy participants in two panels (A, B). In Panel A, 24 subjects were randomly assigned to the high-dosage group (400 mg naltrexone, n=6; placebo, n=6) or low-dosage group (200 mg naltrexone, n=6; placebo, n=6). In Panel B, 12 subjects were randomized to take six doses of monthly injectable naltrexone (400 mg) or placebo.

RESULTS
After a single injection of naltrexone 200 and 400 mg, means (SD) of naltrexone plasma concentrations were .57 (.28) ng/ml and 1.5 (.8) ng/ml 30 days post-injection. There was no effect of accumulation after multiple dosing. Eleven of 30 subjects (36.67%) who were administered injectable depot naltrexone reported a total of 12 adverse events (AEs). Seven of these 11 AEs were coded as possibly related with study medication. All treatment-related AEs were mild in severity. No serious treatment-related AEs occurred.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
This long-acting formulation of injectable depot naltrexone is well tolerated, results in constant plasma concentration of naltrexone for at least 1 month.

SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE
The tolerability and safety of long-acting injectable depot naltrexone are good.


Our i.v. immunoglobulin (IVIg) audit findings led us to conclude that IVIg is approved and distributed by complex procedures that exist in the context of rapid changes in clinical practice. Australian Red Cross Blood Service (ARCBS) representatives Dennington et al. have confirmed these findings. Unfortunately, they have also raised unfounded allegations of inaccuracyand failure toacknowledge data sources in our paper. We refute these allegations: 1 We accurately describe the procedure by which applications for IVIg supply in NSW are referred to the ARCBS as gatekeeper of criteria that are based on the Australian Health Ministers Advisory Council (AHMAC) 2000 document. We accurately describe how state based implementation policies may vary from that document. 2 The ARCBS as the body entrusted to interpret policy for any given clinical request can be reasonably described to 'refuse' access to IVIg in the common use meaning 'to deny a request'. 3 All data presented in the paper are our own or appropriately acknowledged. Further we submit that 1 It is unreasonable for the ARCBS to assert that it has no responsibility in authorization of IVIg supply in NSW. 2 Contrary to their statements, our data from two Sydney teaching hospitals effectively challenge the perception that total IVIg use in Australia is accurately described by category 1 indications of the AHMAC 2000 guidelines. 3 Their unreferenced quotation relating to policy decisions for IVIg use in lymphoproliferative disorders is not sourced from the AHMAC 2000 document as implied. We continue to seek comprehensive reform of IVIg policy in New South Wales and the rest of Australia in the interests of both patients and plasma donors. Such reform will depend on dedicated cooperation between all responsible parties. The upcoming release of new national IVIg clinical guidelines will be a first step.


BACKGROUND
Desmin plays one of the key roles in cardiomyocytes. The protein protects the integration of the cell and has the following actions: mechanical, structural and regulatory. Observed abnormalities of its activity have been associated with worsening of heart failure (HF).

AIM
Evaluation of desmin activity detected with immunohistochemical (IHC) and immunofluorescent (IF) staining in cardiomyocytes in patients with chronic HF.

METHODS
The study population comprised 37 patients (mean age 46.5+/-15.28 years, 83.8% males) with diagnosed HF of unknown aetiology, who underwent myocardial biopsy. Coronary angiography was performed to exclude presence of significant coronary artery disease. Heart failure was diagnosed based on clinical assessment and echocardiography showing left ventricular ejection fraction below 45%.

RESULTS
The IHC and IF evaluation of cardiomyocyte desmin showed that these methods were consistent with respect to classification of 31 specimens (83.8%), while being discrepant in 6 (16.2%) cases. Desmin detection in myocardial biopsy specimens with IHC staining showed normal amounts of this protein in 11 (29.8%) cases, excess in 18 (48.6%) patients and deficiency in 8 (21.6%) cases, whereas in IF stained specimens respective values were 12 (32.4%), 15 (40.6%) and 10 (27%). No significant differences were found between all desmin groups (i.e. normal level, excessive and deficiency) evaluated with IHC and IF staining (p=0.39; p=0.25; p=0.31, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
The IHC and IF methods allow evaluation of desmin activity in cardiomyocytes and division into three types of expression. Both methods have high consistency. The IHC, which is the more available method, seems to be a sufficient assay.


The present invention promote the stability of the running and consists of a pair of front and rear wheels, respectively, and by to generate a driving force to the step drive system, and so that the same input capacity and output capacity without insertion loss, generators combined by mounting the electric motor and the charger step driving was charged will also relates to a step-driven four-wheel bicycle can be driven by a motor-driven. The present invention is provided with the front and rear wheels, each pair of the electric potential and the rear, in the shaft on both sides of the front wheel and a respectively fixed front frame, and the top of each of the front wheel frame is connected to the handle post of the handle is fixed, of the handle post the intermediate portion, as the first support frame connected to the horizontal lower side is a second supporting frame connected to the two branches, the second support frame is bent in a horizontal direction at a middle-side end thereof is connected to the rear wheel shaft and a second intermediate portion of the support frame and the first support frame a saddle frame having a saddle between the ends are fixed of the saddle frame with the first securing third support frame is bifurcated between the rear wheel shaft from the frame connecting part side of the the connection is made; The rotation, the lower front side of the saddle frame tube fixed is fitted to enable the mandrel here, and is fixed to the drive side sprocket wheels one end of the rotating shaft, the axis of the rear wheel there is fixed a driven-side sprocket wheel, between the respective sprocket wheel the chain has been connected to is configured so that power is transmitted; Axis of rotation there will each be fixed to the drive pinion gear having a ratchet left and right, in front of each drive pinion gear disposed such that two operating rods alternating with each other.


Mammalian retina contains a circadian clock that is composed of components similar to those of the master circadian clock within the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether, when, and where the transcripts of the clock genes Per1 and Per2 and the immediate early gene c‐fos are spontaneously expressed and/or induced by light in the newborn rat retina. At postnatal day 1 (P1), P3, P5, and P10, Wistar rat pups were released into constant darkness, and a 30‐minute light pulse was administered during the subjective day or during the first or second part of subjective night. Gene expression was determined 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 4 hours after the light pulse by in situ hybridization followed by emulsion autoradiography. Endogenous expression of Per1 was detected in the neuroblastic retina, and Per2 expression was detected in the inner part of the neuroblastic retina from birth. Light pulses induced c‐fos expression in ganglion cells from P1. Until P5, the cells were localized in the dorsal part of the retina, but, at P10, they were already distributed across the entire retinal circumference. Light pulses also induced the expression of c‐fos and Per1 in the retinal pigment epithelium until P3, but not afterward. Expression of the Per2 gene was not photoresponsive until P10. These data demonstrate that the rat retina is light‐sensitive immediately after birth. During early postnatal development, the spatial distribution of spontaneous and light‐induced gene expression within the retinal layers changes gradually. J. Comp. Neurol.518:3630–3644, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A gain controlling apparatus of an ultra narrow band transmission system using a CFL(Cartesian Feedback Loop) is provided to control transmission power without deterioration of stability of the CFL and to adjust phase and gain without being affected by transmission output frequency. A gain controlling apparatus of an ultra narrow band transmission system using a CFL includes a digital signal processing device(201), an I/Q(In phase/Quadrature phase) modulating device(21), I/Q error amplifying devices(202,203), a phase shifting device(204), I/Q variable attenuating devices(205,206), and a transmitting device(20). The digital signal processing device(201) outputs a base band transmission I/Q channel signal by processing transmission data, and controls a phase in the phase shifting device(204) according to the base band transmission I/Q channel signal modulated at the I/Q modulating device(21), and a size in the I/Q variable attenuating devices(205,206) and the I/Q modulating device(21). The I/Q modulating device(21) modulates a transmission high frequency signal, output at the transmitting device(20), to the base band transmission I/Q channel signal. The I/Q error amplifying devices(202,203) compare the base band transmission I/Q channel signal modulated at the I/Q modulating device(21) and the base band transmission I/Q channel signal outputted at the digital signal processing device(201), and amplify a distortion signal. The phase shifting device(204) inverts a phase of the distortion signal amplified at a base band area. The I/Q variable attenuating devices(205,206) adjust a size of distortion signal inverted at the phase shifting device(204). The transmitting device(20) modulates the base band transmission I/Q channel signal including the inverted and size-adjusted distortion signal to the transmission high frequency signal.


Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in 13 patients with congenital muscular dystrophy (MDCIC) and Fukutin-related protein (FKRP) gene mutations were retrospectively reviewed in a study at Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK, and European centers.


The synthesis of the title compound (1) has been accomplished via the polycyclization of epoxide (7d) having an enol acetate as a terminator.


The paper analyzes the current situation of logistics talents in medium/small-sized enterprises,points out the reason of talent crisis and gives some advices for manpower resources management system.


Objective To discuss the MRI diagnosis and differential diagnosis of rare tumors in pineal region.Methods Clinical data of 15 patients with pineal region tumor were retrospectively analyzed in our hospital from 2007 January to 2013 July,and their clinical manifestations and MRI findings were summarized.Results The diagnosis results showed that the tumors included pineal parenchymal tumor,pineocytoma,mature or immature teratoma,dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor,glioblastoma,ganglioglioma,neuroblastoma,seminoma,pinealoblastoma,cholesteatoma and embryonal carcinoma.Conclusion Rare tumor in pineal region could not be definitely diagnosed only by MRI check;DWI and MRS functional magnetic resonance imaging examination could also contribute to its diagnosis.However,the diagnosis still depends on the pathological examination results.


BACKGROUND
The paper presents the results of the assessment of effective doses received by people occupationally exposed to X and gamma rays in Poland in 2011 provided by the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine in Lodz. The results were compared with the data collected between 1966-2010.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The dosimetric service was provided for people occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation in terms of personal dose equivalent Hp(10). In 2011 the Institute's program of individual dosimetry Hp(10) covered more than 28 000 workers in 4007 laboratories (mainly of health service departments). The measurements were carried out using the film method, according to the research procedure (number AB 327) accredited by the Polish Centre for Accreditation.

RESULTS
In 2011 the average annual dose Hp(10) was equal to 0.5 mSv (annual limit for Hp(10) is equal to 20 mSv), which maintained at the approximate level of about 0.5 mSv for the last ten years. At present, more than 99% of annual doses do not exceed 5% of the annual level i.e. the level of 1 mSv. Only one case of exceeding the annual limit was recorded in 2011.

CONCLUSIONS
The comparison between the 2011 data on the workers ( mostly health service workers) occupationally exposed to X and gamma rays and the data collected in the previous years indicates a satisfactory level of radiation protection in Poland.


Finally, the authors stress that communication between all parties— children, parents, teachers, and clinicians—is paramount to the success of treatment. Barriers that must be overcome include stigmas associated with mental health problems and the related unease with mental health professionals; limitations associated with our healthcare system; and parents' discomfort having to advocate with the school system. The text ends with an extensive list of resources for mental health professionals, educators, family members, and children and adolescents with ADHD.


Cloud computing is an active and prosperous field of computer science, both academically and industrially. Meanwhile, security is one of major concerns that may prevent the wide acceptance of cloud computing. In particular, as the key technique behind cloud computing, virtualization may be vulnerable to many attacks. In this paper, we review and classify the state-of-the-art virtual machine security techniques according to their roles in the virtual machine architecture, i.e., at the hardware level, as the hypervisor and inside the virtual machines. Finally, we discuss additional problems that remain to be addressed.


Lightpipes are light guides based on total internal reflection used for LED illumination systems with many applications. This work investigates using lightpipes in a fluorescent reader for microtubes. It is part of a project to develop an RT-RPA multiplex test and fluorescence reader for SARS-COV 2 and H1N1. We investigated the lightpipes interaction with an excitation filter. The results do not show a benefit in using them on the emission side due to the capture of LED scattered light.


The utility model provides a switch power with wide input voltage range, which comprises a PWM chip, a transformer, an electronic switch, a rectifier filter circuit, a starting circuit and a voltage feedback circuit; and also comprises an input overvoltage protective circuit which is connected with the output end of an error amplifier of a control chip, and a current feedback and voltage compensation circuit, wherein, two input ends of the current feedback and voltage compensation circuit are respectively connected with the electronic switch and one end of a direct current input voltage, and the output of the current feedback and voltage compensation circuit is connected with the current sampling end of the PWM chip. With wide input voltage, the utility model can normally work in alternating current input voltage from 30 to 550 Volt, thereby satisfying the requirements of the electronic electric energy meter; moreover, by use of the PWM chip, the utility model stably works in cooperation with the input overvoltage protective circuit and the current feedback and voltage compensation circuit, thereby simplifying the circuit and decreasing the cost.


The word blasphemy, once considered a relic of the benighted middle ages, is enjoying something of a popular revival especially in the west. This is not because it has its own particular currency as an ongoing practice but because it has usefulness in providing an index to the uneven development of world societies, as well as establishing the status of their laws in guaranteeing fundamental liberties of speech and the degree of tolerance that their civil societies are inclined to show. It is no accident that two recent, identically titled books on blasphemy, albeit written from quite different perspectives, culminate in the Rushdie affair as an exemplary case study to explicate the cultural meanings of blasphemy. Thefatwa against Rushdie is the ostensible starting point for a retrospective view of the stages through which European history has passed, as well as the end point for the dangers posed to western society by religious fundamentalism, particularly militant Islamic fundamentalism.' David Lawton specifically states at the outset that his "interest in blasphemy [was] re-awakened by the Rushdie affair" and proclaims that he does not "address this book to anyone who supports killing writers," as if all those who took offense with Rushdie's novel also endorsed his death penalty. Lawton's is a voice that speaks for an enlightened multiculturalism against the "perverted and already transcultured monoculturalism" of militant Muslims like Yusuf Islam and Doctor Siddiqi.2 The terms of the debate are clear and unambiguous, firmly establishing that blasphemy prosecution and a tolerant society are incompatible propositions. If blasphemy as a concept denotes the past of the European world, it is also put to use to mark the present of the non-European world. The narrative organization of both works views blasphemy as helping to demarcate the west from the Islamic world far more usefully than any other signifier-cultural, geographical, or political. Leonard Levy's Blasphemy: Verbal Offense against


Pyrethroids are a family of chiral pesticides with a large number of stereoisomers. Following the discovery of significant differences in non-target toxicities between pyrethroid enantiomers, enantioselectivity during degradation and analysis have been investigated in recent studies to better understand their fate and ecotoxicological effects. Enantioselective degradation occurs frequently for pyrethroids in various field matrices and under laboratory conditions. Enantiomerization, which may contribute to the enantioselectivity in the environmental fate and effects of pyrethroids, is common in pyrethroids with the α-cyano carbon when exposed to alcohols and other conditions. Results suggest that the fate and effects of individual stereoisomers, instead of the racemic compound, should be considered for pyrethroids to better predict their environmental impacts. In addition, rigorous analytical methods and pesticide handling procedures should be developed to prevent the artifacts caused by enantiomerization.


Contents * Preface * Chapter 1. The Principles and Current Practice of Plant Virus Taxonomy * Introduction * The Underlying Principles * The Role of ICTV * The Current System of Plant Virus Classification * Future Prospects * Chapter 2. How to Write The Names of Virus Species * Chapter 3. Genes Involved in Insect-Mediated Transmission of Plant Viruses * Introduction * Insect Vectors of Plant Viruses * Classification of Transmission Modes * Nonpersistent and Semipersistent Transmission * Circulative Nonpropagative Transmission * Circulative Propagative Transmission * Concluding Remarks * Chapter 4. Characteristic Features of Virus Transmission by Nematodes * Introduction * Vector Nematodes * Viruses Transmitted by Nematodes * Mechanism of Virus Transmission * Control of Nematode-Transmitted Viruses * Chapter 5. Virus Transmission by Fungal Vectors * Introduction * Fungal Vectors * Fungus-Transmitted Viruses * Modes of Transmission * Mechanism of Virus-Vector Association * Epidemiology and Control of fungus-Borne Viruses * Conclusions * Chapter 6. Seed Transmission of Viruses: Biological and Molecular Insights * Introduction * Biological Characteristics * Genetic Determinants * Conclusions * Chapter 7. Molecular Biology of Plant Virus Movement * Introduction * Movement of Plant Viruses * Current Status * Chapter 8. Mechanism of RNA Synthesis by a Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase * Introduction * Initiation of RNA Synthesis * Abortive Synthesis * Transition from Initiation to Elongation * Termination of RNA Synthesis * Comparison of RNA-Dependent and DNA-Dependent RNA Synthesis * Final Comments * Chapter 9. Gene Expression Strategies of RNA Viruses * Introduction * Subgenomic RNAs and Genome Segmentation * Initiation of Translation * Elongation of Translation * Termination of Translation * Polyprotein Processing and Host Factors * Outlook * Chapter 10. Recombination in Plant RNA Viruses * Introduction * Overview of Research History on The Recombination of Plant RNA Viruses * Recombination in Cucumoviruses * Newly Evolved Recombinant Viruses Between CMV and TAV * Summary and Conclusion * Chapter 11. Variability and Evolution of Potato virus Y (PVY), The Type-Member of the Potyvirus Genus * Introduction * The Family Potyviridae * Relationship Between Potyvirus Species * Biological Diversity of PVY * Genetic Variability of PVY * Mechanisms Leading to RNA Genome Polymorphisms * Conclusions * Chapter 12. Geminvirus Replication and Gene Expression * Introduction * Geminivirus Classification * Genome Structure * Geminivirus Infection Cycle: A Brief Overview * Geminivirus Replication * Control of Viral Gene Expression * Concluding Remarks * Chapter 13. The Molecular Epidemiology of Begomoviruses * Introduction * Begomoviruses: Distribution and Characteristics * Detection, Identification, and Classification of Begomoviruses * Begomoviruses Suscepts and Hosts in Relation to Epidemiology * Whitefly Vector Biology that Influences Epidemiology * Vector Biotypes, Races, and Variants on Virus Spread * New Diseases, Epidemics, and Pandemics * Conclusions * Chapter 14. Translational Strategies in Members of the Family Caulimoviridae * Introduction * Architecture of Viral RNA * General Enhancement of Expression * Shunting, The Concept * Shunting, The Details and Mechanism * Leaky Scanning (Bacilliform Caulimoviruses) * Activated Polycistronic Translation * Transactivation and Shunting * Biological Significance of Ribosome Shunt * Gag-Pol Translation * Making Use of Translational Control * Concluding Remarks * Chapter 15. Recombination in Plant DNA Viruses * Introduction * Recombination in Plant ssDNA Viruses * Recombination in Plant dsDNA Viruses * Conclusions * Chapter 16. Natural Resistance to Viruses * Introduction * Distinguishing a Non-Host from a Host * The Terms Describing Virus-Host Interactions and Resistance * Host Responses Conferring Resistance to Viruses * Identification of the Genes Involved in Resistance * Recognition of the Virus: The Gene-for-Gene Theory * Viral Suppressor of Resistance * Future Uses of the Natural Virus Resistance Genes * Chapter 17. Engineering Virus Resistance in Plants * Introduction * Structure and Genetic Organization of Plant Viral Genomes * Engineered Virus Resistance to Viruses * Advantages of RNA-Mediated Resistance * Concluding Remarks * Chapter 18. Antibody Expression in Plants * Introduction * Antibody-Mediated Viral Resistance in Transgenic Plants * Expression of Recombinant Antibodies Using Plant Virus Gene Vectors * Conclusions * Chapter 19. Nucleic Acid Molecular Hybridization for Plant Virus and Viroid Detection * Introduction * The Principle of the Nucleic Acid Hybridization Method * Types of Labels * Sample Preparation * Pre-Hybridization * Hybridization * Washing Procedures * Detection Procedures * Sensitivity of the Detection * Application to Viruses and Viroids * Conclusions * Chapter 20. Application of PCR in Plant Virology * Introduction * Aspects of PCR Template Preparation * Plant Virus Detection and Differentiation * Real Time, Quantitative PCR * Virus Strain Discrimination * Viral Genome Characterization * Molecular Plant Virology Applications * Conclusions * Chapter 21. Plant Virus Detection in Animal Vectors * Introduction * Detection by Earlier Methods * Detection by a New Method * Detection in Animal Vectors * The Presence of Virus in a Vector and Biological Transmission to Plants * Conclusions * Tables * Index * Reference Notes Included


Today almost every developing country of the world alongside advanced nations is striving to attain a high level of efficiency in electronic governance with the use of ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies), and Nigeria is no exception. Despite having the fastest growing information and communication technology market in most part of the world, Nigeria is still ranked low in terms of providing e-government services to its citizens. The paper finds that Nigeria is still at the infancy stage of e-governance implementation in the country. It has not effectively influenced the development of its e-governance due to many challenges such as the lack of political will, lack of essential legal framework, untrained human resource, erratic power supply, low literacy rate, lack of awareness, corruption in public office, and inadequate infrastructural funding. The paper also finds that effective implementation of e-governance in Nigeria is an essential prerequisite in bringing transparency and accountability, and eliminating bottlenecks in the service delivery process to the public. Therefore, given the successful implementation of e-governance services and from a practical perspective, the paper finally concludes with some suggestions in order to bring overall development of e-governance in the country.


Vibrations produced in the afterbody of a ship by the propeller and main engine are a complicated phenomenon whose characteristics are not easily estimated with high accuracy. It is therefore especially important to utilize effectively shipboard experimental results to overcome ship vibration problems. Experimental techniques for ship vibration tests, as carried out by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, are described. Application examples and a theoretical calculation are given. In the course of model experiments and tests on an actual ship, a measuring and analyzing system has been developed and is quite serviceable in increasing the efficiency of data processing.


Every season in the world of Fashion, designers have accelerated the flow of fashion trend by introducing new styles. Due to the accelerative current of fashion, the fashion-photo now plays a pivotal role as a medium of social communication. By definition, photography is "Drawing with light", and this medium is now one of the most trusted means of reproducing, since Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre introduced it into the world in 1839. Interaction between fashion and photography has become inevitable, due to the importance of fashion images as a means of recording and advertising. Despite the importance of this relationship, extensive research in the field of fashion photography has not been induced. The most outstanding phenomenon in fashion advertisement of the year 2001 is Surrealism. Ever since it first appeared after the first World War, Surrealism continues to strongly influence fashion. The purpose and meaning of this study is to understand the originality of surrealist photography in comparison to painting, and to recognize the interrelationship between fashion and photography. This study has classified the images of Surrealism within fashion photography into images of the human body/mannequin, nature images, images with optical illusion, photo setting images, and humorous images.


River ice cover is a reoccurring phenomenon in the Northern United States every year. Sheets and layers of ice result in a rise of water surface elevation and may lead to ice jams in a river. This research explains the modeling of a river reach through Northern Illinois containing a structural weir and how the water profile is effected during ice cover and ice jam events. The Hydraulic Engineering Center's River Analysis System was used in conjunction with Esri ArcMap software to model a portion of the river for analysis. The study area of the Rock River flowing through Oregon, IL is known to freeze and ice over during the winter months in Northern Illinois. Data from the United States Geological Survey and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration were utilized to obtain cross-section and discharge measurements. The impacts of an ice jam occurring upstream of the weir and downstream of the weir were studied. The effects of the ice jam on the upstream water levels were also evaluated to observe if any flooding may occur inside the town or even farther upstream. Results of the ice cover and ice jam data were then compared to those of the Rock River under normal open flow conditions thus observing the change in water level, Froude number, and flow velocity. Results from this study help to point out the significance of ice jam occurrences and their effects on inline structures and future flooding concerns in the surrounding area.


Synchronization is a crucial mechanism for information communication in neural network. However, how external electrical fields modulate synchronization is remain an open question. In this paper the stability of complete synchronization of coupled homogenous neural network in external electrical stimulation is investigated based on eigenvalue analysis. Furthermore, the effects of network heterogeneity and field frequency on synchronization of heterogenous neural networks are studied in detail. It's shown that coupling strength and topological structure play a crucial role in modulating the synchronous states in neural system. Synchronization is sensitive to electrical field frequency. However, heterogeneity plays an adverse role in achieving synchronous states.


Telecommunication services are distinctive in that their adoptions are influenced by network effect resulting in the late take-off phenomenon and the 'critical mass' problem. In this paper we examined so called 'the late take-off phenomenon in the diffusion process of telecommunication services. We compared the parameters of the diffusion process of consumer durables with those of fax services in the US and Korea. By analyzing the parameters of a new diffusion model based on the threshold model proposed by Markus we found that the late take-off phenomenon resulted from the low heterogeneity of the threshold distribution for the potential adopters. A simulation approach was proposed for the theoretical implication of the 'critical mass' problem in the start-up telecommunications services.
Keyword: Network Effect Diffusion of Innovation Telecommunication Services Critical Mass


This essay describes an example of how we—one professor of the elective course Art, Medicine, and Clinical Moral Perception at Creighton University School of Medicine, one Director of Adult Programs at the Joslyn Museum of Art in Omaha, Nebraska, and fourth year medical students—practice perception skills using art objects. This essay presents one example of the journal assignments to which students respond in written narratives about their own perception habits. We also share questions any health professions educator can use to guide students' study of their habits of perception using art objects.


The utility model relates to an onboard electric stringing device for an unmanned air vehicle, which comprises an elastic damper and an elastic overload protector, wherein the damper ensures that a wire wheel can rotate only under the action of a certain pulling force and does not revolve on the axis of the wire wheel under the action of the rotation inertia of the wire wheel; the uncontrollable winding situation which is caused by releasing a traction rope in disorder is prevented. The spring slip sheet overload protector is drawn open under the action of a sudden pulling force between the air vehicle and the traction rope so that the wire winding wheel and a wheel frame are separated from the air vehicle altogether, consequently the safety of the air vehicle is ensured. A wireless remote control throwing device is arranged between the wire wheel frame and the air vehicle; when a pay-off construction personnel finds that the flight attitude of the air vehicle is abnormal, an abnormal sign appears or a part of pay-off task is finished and the air vehicle needs to make a return flight, a remote control transmitter on the ground emits command signals and controls the throwing device on the air vehicle to throw away the wire winding wheel and the wire wheel frame altogether in order to reduce the load of the air vehicle and ensure the safety of the air vehicle.


In three experiments, children suggested and justified a verbal response for a story character who received a disappointing gift. In Experiment 1, responses suggesting falsely that the recipient liked the gift were increasingly common over the ages 4–9 years. Children who suggested false responses judged that the giver would believe the gift was liked and would be happy following the falsehood. They also predicted that the giver would be unhappy had the truth been told, and passed a test of second-order false belief. However, many children who suggested truthful responses, that the gift was disliked, also revealed a full understanding of the consequences of giving true and false responses, and also passed second-order false belief. Mental-state understanding was developmentally prior to suggesting a false response. In Experiment 2, involving 6-, 8- and 10-year-olds, more children suggested false verbal than false facial responses. In Experiments 2 and 3, giving children the pro-social reason for falsifying increased the incidence of false responses, even amongst children who appeared not to be able to handle second-order mental states. In Experiment 3, 6-year-olds suggested truthful responses just as frequently, whether the speaker was an adult or a child. Many young children apparently place more weight on truth-telling than on protecting the feelings of a gift-giver.


Owing to superior properties such as temperature resistance and salt tolerance etc., modified polyacrylamide (PAM) as one of the main injected polymers has been widely investigated to enhance oil production in reservoirs. Herein, a novel poly(AM-co-A-β-CD-co-AE) polymer was synthesized by utilizing β-CD and AE to copolymerize with AM and characterized by FT-IR and SEM. Furthermore, the temperature resistance and salt tolerance of poly(AM-co-A-β-CD-co-AE) polymer were explored. The results showed that the presence of the poly(AM-co-A-β-CD-co-AE) polymer better achieved temperature resistance and salt tolerance properties than is the case with PAM, which has potential application for enhancing oil recovery in the high-temperature and high-mineralization oilfield. On the other hand, the inhibition performance of poly(AM-co-A-β-CD-co-AE) polymer as a corrosion inhibitor was evaluated by SEM and electrochemical techniques. SEM observations of the carbon steel surface confirmed the protective role of the corrosion inhibitor. The results of potentiodynamic polarization and EIS measurements on the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel samples in 0.5 M sulfuric acid solutions revealed that the highest inhibition efficiency of it over 90% was obtained, indicating poly(AM-co-A-β-CD-co-AE) polymer acts as a more efficient corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel.


This collection contains the work of photographer Robert Connor, housed in two boxes of slides and one box of black and white matted prints.


N-pr opylsalic ylaldimin e based on porous sil ica, as ion exchanger, is used for the separat ion and pre concentration of Fe'+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ from surface water samples col lected from ele ven locations at Nile river, Medit erranean and Red seas and Mansoura cit y tap wat er. The effects of pH, tim e of stirring, concentration of elutin g acids and some common ionic species on the separation and preco ncentration of the inv estigated metal ions in synthetic aqueous solutions are studied. The res ult s ind icate that the optimum cond iti ons for separation are pH = 9.0-9.5 and tim e of stirring = 30 min. HCI is better elu ent for the in vestigated metal ions than HNO, except for Fe3+. Citrate and EDTA show severe in terference on the recovery of the metal ions, ther efore, the water samples are previollsly oxidiz ed to di gest organic matter prior to the application process. The synthe sis of chem ical ly-mo dif ied porous silica with N-propylsal ic yaldi min e (lEI I ) as chelating agent was described elsewher e'. The natur e of bondi ng of IE II with some metal ions was investi gated by ele  mental analysis, ele ctr onic and in frared spectra, ther mal analy sis and electrical properties 2. This confirmed that the uptake behav iour of IE I I towards these metal ions is due to


For a plane wave incident at an oblique (skew) angle on an anisotropic impedance half plane, the second order difference equation for the angular spectra is converted to a pair of inhomogeneous non-singular integral equations and then solved. The exact expression for the scattered field is determined and compared with a previous approximate solution.


Megadont is an uncommon developmental anomaly in which one or more teeth in a dentition are larger than normal. A megadont crown is resulted from fusion of two tooth germs (fusion) or a separation of a single tooth to produce two separate teeth (gemination). A variety of terms have been used for this situation. The terms 'double teeth' has been applied to cover both situation. Gemination and fusion have been reported to occur in the primary teeth in 0.5% to 2.5% of Caucasian children. It is more common in Asian children, where 5% of them have this condition. The permanent dentition is less commonly affected (prevalence 0.1%-0.2%). Males and females are affected equally. Gemination and fusion can oocur in the mandibular teeth as well. A talon cusp is an accessory cusp located in the area of the cingulum of a maxillary or mandibular permanent incisor. In this case, megadont of permanent teeth with talon cusp was found during clinical examination in the mandible and associated with hypodontia of an adjacent tooth. Megadont tooth may lead to certain problems such as caries formation, aesthetics and occlusion.


You may order additional copies of this publication by sending your mailing information in label form through one of the following media. Please specify the publication title and series number. AbstrAct The USDA Forest Service revises its Strategic Plan according to the 1993 Government Performance and Results Act (Public Law 103-62). The goals and objectives included in the Strategic Plan are developed from natural resource trend data (Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act) and public input such as the results from this survey. The purpose of this report is to present results from the second version of this survey (RMRS-GTR-95). A random sample of the American public was asked about their objectives for the management of public lands and beliefs about the role the USDA Forest Service should play in fulfilling those objectives. Major findings include, but are not limited to: (a) The public sees the protection of ecosystems and habitats as an important objective and role for the agency; (b) There is a lack of support for developing new paved roads; (c) Managing motorized recreation is a high priority objective; (d) There is support for allowing diverse uses; (e) On average, the public is neutral with respect to expanding energy and mineral production, timber production, and livestock grazing; (f) Reducing the spread of invasive species is supported; and (g) Using management tools to reduce wildfires is an important objective and an appropriate role for the agency.


Silicon‐doped GaAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy has been characterized by Hall measurements, infrared local vibrational mode (LVM) absorption, secondary ion and laser source mass spectroscopy. Highly doped samples with [Si]∼3×1019 cm−3 show only a low carrier concentration of 8×1017 cm−3. LVM spectroscopy shows that SiGa donors are compensated predominantly by [Si‐X] complexes, where X has been assigned previously to a gallium vacancy (VGa). Other compensating impurities are not present in the layers at significant concentrations.


PURPOSE: A porous scaffold by cartilage-bone complex for cartilage regeneration and a method for preparing the same are provided, which can easily deliver nutrient to the cartilage tissue. CONSTITUTION: A porous scaffold by cartilage-bone complex for cartilage regeneration comprises: a natural polymer selected from the group consisting of hyaluronic acid, collagen, alginate, gelatine, cellulose methyl cellulose, and chitosan; a cartilage rehabilitation layer including a synthetic high polymer selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, and poiycaprolactone, polydioxanone, and their copolymers; and a bone regeneration layer made of bioactive ceramic.


A major problem encountered during seed procurement is low vigor of long term stored seed, affecting in turn the success of out planting. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of devigoration and density levels of tusam (Pinus merkusii) seeds on the sprouts vigor composition to support the nursery success. A completely randomized design with a single factor (i.e. seed densities) was used in this experiment. The density was arranged in 6 levels, which were predetermined based on the percentage of normal germinates of various seed lots. This variation was obtained through seed-ageing treatment at 6 durations, i.e. 0, 72, 120, 192, 216, and 240 hours (as devigoration levels). From each of those measured 2 six levels seed density, thereby acquiring in all 6 densities ranging from 50 to 99 seeds per 600 cm area. It turned out that ageing treatment (devigoration levels) for 240 hours caused decrease in percentage by about 23% in comparison with the control (without ageing or at zero-hour ageing). Further, the different seed densities did not significantly affect vigor status of germinant, growth rate, growth uniformity/ simultanity, and delta value as well as the score-based nursery success. The decrease in seed vigor (devigoration) as much as 1920% could be overcome by increasing density as much as 16 seeds per 600 2 cm area. In general, the germinant of tusam seeds still belonged to the normal criteria (N), i.e. strongly normal (K) and less strong (KK). This condition is suspected imply to the possibility of seed to survive in the field.


Policy administrators increasingly face the challenge of managing large policy bases, and this need becomes more acute with the growing importance of fine-grained access control models, e.g. ABAC. We have shown in previous work that simple policies mostly based on conjunctions of single attribute conditions, can be merged into more complex conditions composed of combinations of conjunctions and disjunctions of attribute/value pairs. Here, we propose an algorithm that uses a recursive process of subsumption applied on the original set of policies that results in a complex and short policy, often significantly compressing the original policy. We present this algorithm, and discuss the advantages of this approach, i.e. its performance when working on the policy structures encountered in real-life policy sets, its scalability, and its ability to deal with large alphabet sets.


We present exploratory studies of the underlying event activity and of fragmentation and hadronization of b quarks using ttbar candidate events in proton-proton collision data acquired by the CMS experiment. We reconstruct charm mesons in fully charged decay channels from the reconstructed tracks associated with the hadronization of b quarks from the top decay, and study their kinematics relative to the mother jet. A good agreement is found using MadGraph plus the Pythia 6 Tune Z2* simulation. The effects predicted by alternative settings and generators for the characterization of the underlying event are also explored. These results are expected to contribute in the future to more precise measurements in the top quark sector in particular of the top quark mass by either constraining systematic uncertainties related to the modeling of the underlying event in ttbar events or by paving the way for alternative mass measurement methods. Presented at TOP2014 7th International Workshop on Top Quark Physics Underlying Event and B-Hadron Decays in tt Events Benjamin Stieger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland E-mail: email@example.com Abstract. We present exploratory studies of the underlying event activity and of fragmentation and hadronization of b quarks using tt candidate events in proton-proton collision data acquired by the CMS experiment. We reconstruct charm mesons in fully charged decay channels from the reconstructed tracks associated with the hadronization of b quarks from the top decay, and study their kinematics relative to the mother jet. A good agreement is found using MadGraph plus the Pythia 6 Tune Z2∗ simulation. The effects predicted by alternative settings and generators for the characterization of the underlying event are also explored. These results are expected to contribute in the future to more precise measurements in the top quark sector in particular of the top quark mass by either constraining systematic uncertainties related to the modeling of the underlying event in tt events or by paving the way for alternative mass measurement methods. We present exploratory studies of the underlying event activity and of fragmentation and hadronization of b quarks using tt candidate events in proton-proton collision data acquired by the CMS experiment. We reconstruct charm mesons in fully charged decay channels from the reconstructed tracks associated with the hadronization of b quarks from the top decay, and study their kinematics relative to the mother jet. A good agreement is found using MadGraph plus the Pythia 6 Tune Z2∗ simulation. The effects predicted by alternative settings and generators for the characterization of the underlying event are also explored. These results are expected to contribute in the future to more precise measurements in the top quark sector in particular of the top quark mass by either constraining systematic uncertainties related to the modeling of the underlying event in tt events or by paving the way for alternative mass measurement methods.


Nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are subject to complex regulation to facilitate recognition of microbial DNA and RNA while limiting recognition of self-nucleic acids1. Failure to properly regulate nucleic acid-sensing TLRs can lead to autoimmune and autoinflammatory disease2-6. Intracellular localization of these receptors is thought to be critical for self vs. non-self discrimination7, yet the molecular mechanisms that reinforce compartmentalized activation of intracellular TLRs remain poorly understood. Here we describe a new mechanism that prevents TLR9 activation from locations other than endosomes. This control is achieved through the regulated release of TLR9 from its trafficking chaperone Unc93b1, which only occurs within endosomes and is required for ligand binding and signal transduction. Mutations in Unc93b1 that increase affinity for TLR9 impair release and result in defective signaling. The release is specific to TLR9, as TLR7 does not dissociate from Unc93b1 in endosomes. This work defines a novel checkpoint that reinforces self vs. non-self discrimination by TLR9 and provides a mechanism by which TLR9 and TLR7 activation can be distinctly regulated.


ABSTRACT Dental alloys in the oral cavity release ions by corrosive action of saliva, which are deposited in the lower part of the mouth, others diffuse through the gums and most of them pass to the gastrointestinal system. In the present work, nine dental alloys frequently used in our country by people with low resources (316L stainless steel, low and high copper silver amalgams, Co-Cr and Ni-Cr alloys, Cu and Ti-6Al-4V base alloys). Its open circuit corrosion potential was measured, its potentiodynamic polarization curves were plotted and corrosion products were analyzed by EDAX, finding Hg, Ag, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn and Si ions, which can affect the health of users, so it is recommended that dentists and dental technicians inform patients who suffer from hypersensitivity do not use alloys containing potentially allergic metals.


This paper investigates Balassa's export-led growth hypothesis for Greece, Ireland, Mexico, Portugal and Turkey by constructing a vector autoregression (VAR) model. On the basis of the Granger non-causality procedure developed by Toda and Yamamoto (1995), the results show that export and output are causally related in the long run for Ireland, Mexico and Portugal. Our findings cannot offer support for the causality link between export and output for Greece and Turkey. Granger-causality is uni-directional, running from export growth to economic growth in Ireland and Mexico, and running from economic growth to export growth in Portugal.


Syntax of the Hyphen: Complex PatternsAmong the different values of the hyphen in French (typographical uses, grammatical uses, lexical uses, etc.), this study focuses on a specific set of complex patterns. Three models are developed:a) correlative models, based on the particle mi- (mi-serieux, mi-plaisant);b) juxtaposed models, particularly the pattern NO N1-N2 (V opposition consonne-voyelles, le vol Paris-Londres), which allows a typological description based on the nature of the introductory term (NO);c) double-compound models (conference de presse-marathon, ex-homme de gauche), characterized by a form of discrepancy between the morphological pattern and the graphic boundaries (*presse-marathon, *ex-homme). They can combine with the first two models (mi-salle de billard, mi-cabinet de travail; l'interaction recherche fondamentale-recherche appliquee).These patterns are analyzed with a view to an automatic treatment of hyphenated forms.


SUMMARY Broiler chicken flocks werestudied todetermine themortality fromsudden death syndrome occurring intheflocks. Thedifference intheincidence of thesyndrome inpullets andcockerels, andtheage atwhichthemostbirds areaffected werealso studied. Theweight ofsuddendeathsyndrome birds wascompared withtheflock average andthe effect ofcontinuous lighting as opposed to intermittent lighting wasexamined. Theresults suggest that: continuous lighting produces moresuddendeathsyndrome deaths thanintermittent lighting: thattheincidence of sudden death syndrome ishigher incockerels than pullets: that thehighest death rateoccurred during thethird andfourth weeksoflife, andthat sudden death syndrome birds ontheaverage wereheavier thantheflock average. RESUME


1. Formation of geomofpbologic features Iii the eady Teniary period, the present areas in the middle and iower reaches of the Changiiang River were at the status of quasi-plain. ln the early period of the HimalayaR Mevernent, the locai subsidence occurred in this regioit which was coimected with sea for a very short period. Therefore, fiume!ous 1akes existed, without any unified river systems. Up to the eariy Pleistecene, the Chaiigjiang River cou!se was divided into several sectioRs. There was the cormection ef the river course betweeB the Sichuan Basin and the ¥ichang ancient iake Basin, but no distinct river course in the aBcient Dongting Lake was found to fiow eastward, Up to the middle of Pleistocene, Jirigshaji'ang River in the upper reach of the Changjiang River then cut througti the Hutiao Gorge, converged with the water systems of Sichuan Basin, agairi cut through the 'IThiee Gorges and entered into the easteri} plain. River water from Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau traversed among aiicieRt lakes iR the plain aBd connected them to form the Yangtze River course at last, it entered iRte the sea at Chengmin in the late of Pleistocene. So, in the Yaiigtze River sections, there are no distinct limits between river and lakes. This is because the particula]rity of complex ecosystem of the river and 1akes was formed at very begirming


Abstract A method based on disturbance estimation and bounded controls is proposed to reduce congestion in highways where on-ramp metering can be implemented. An existing model is first extended to account for friction and other interactions between the mainstream and the on-ramp flows. A local variable structure observer is then proposed to estimate the lumped upstream and downstream flows that affect one section of the highway. Using the estimates of the disturbances, a local nonlinear controller stabilizes the system while maintaining the control effort bounded. The boundedness of the control effort is necessary to guarantee the feasibility of the control law. The controller is robust in the sense that the estimator accounts also for modeling errors and parameter variations.


【Knock-out of a gene by insertional mutagenesis is a direct way to address its function through the mutant phenotype. Among ca. 15,000 gene-trapped Ds insertion lines of rice, we identified one line from selected sensitive lines in highly salt stress. We conducted gene tagging by TAIL-PCR, and DNA gel blot analysis from salt sensitive mutant. A gene encoding an oligopeptide transporter (OPT family) homologue was disrupted by the insertion of a Ds transposon into the OsOPT10 gene that was located shot arm of chromosome 8. The OsOPT10 gene (NP_001062118.) has 6 exons and encodes a protein (752 aa) containing the OPT family domain. RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of OsOPT10 gene was rapidly and strongly induced by stresses such as high-salinity (250 mM), osmotic, drought, $100\;{\mu}M$ ABA. The subcellular localization assay indicated that OsOPT10 was localized specifically in the plasma membrane. Overexpression of OsOPT10 in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice conferred tolerance of transgenic plants to salt stress. Further we found expression levels of some stress related genes were inhibited in OsOPT10 transgenic plants. These results suggested that OsOPT10 might play crucial but differential roles in plant responses to various abiotic stresses.】


Background: Invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) is a potentially deadly infection especially in patients with immunocompromising conditions. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the clinical manifestations, outcomes and factors that may affect survival of patients with IFS. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was performed on hospitalized patients admitted to Taleghani hospital affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, from October 2012 to October 2013. The clinical data of 24 patients with IFS were reviewed. All patients had hematologic malignancies, and received broad spectrum chemotherapy. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, presented symptoms and signs, underlying diseases and outcomes of the patients were studied. Results: The age range of patients was 15 - 60 years. The IFS was proven, probable and possible in 25%, 66.7% and 8.3% of the cases, respectively. Serum galactomannan antigen was positive in 41.6% of the cases; 15 out of 24 cases with IFS had received antifungal chemoprophylaxis before diagnosis, 54% fluconazole and 8.3% itraconazole. Aspergillus flavus (33%), Aspergillus fumigatus (20.8%), Aspergillus niger (16.7%) and Mucor spp. (16.7%) were responsible for incidence of IFS; 54% of IFS cases occurred in summer and 91.6% of occurred during hospital construction; a risk factor in 91.6% of the cases. Conclusions: Current study revealed that A. flavus was the most common isolated pathogen. Moreover, A. fumigatus was the second commonisolated pathogen in patients with IFS. Additionally, the hospital construction was an important environmental risk factor for acquisition of infection in patients with hematological malignancy. The most common season for IFS incidence was summer. Additionally, the common causes of death in patients with IFS were primary disease and also resistance to chemotherapy (37.5%).


Value-Added services have gained greater importance in modern days. This purpose of study is Customer's Perception towards Customer Services with Value- Added Services in Private Sector Banks in Coimbatore City. The objective of the study is to know the various Value-Added services provided by bank. For the purpose 250 respondents were selected using simple random sampling. A structured questionnaire was administered to the respondents and the primary data is collected. The secondary data is collected through various sources like magazines, journals, company records etc. these data are collected and based on the analysis made, and the suggestions are given.


The growth of urban cities and ever increasing human population and the misuse and abuse of the environment has led to increased accumulation of waste materials which is polluting water, air, soil and increased risk to human life in the form epidemics. There are number of methods for solid waste management from ancient times. Some of the methods are sanitary land-fill, vermi-composting, burning, incineration, biogas, anaerobic composting. These methods will not prove effective in some of the circumstances such as high temperature; high moisture content so there is a need to find such a method which suites in all the environmental conditions & circumstances. The above said problems can be solved by the new methods of waste management viz. Mechanical Biological treatment (MBT) and operating system1 (OS 1dms). In these methods the culture called mega-bacillus and mother cultures are considered as key agents for degradation of organic waste. The main aim of present investigation was to know the comparison of decomposition of kitchen waste by MBT and OS 1dms and enhance the values of final product. Key-words: Composting, Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT), Operating System 1 (OS1), Solid Waste Management.


HEALTH AND BEAUTY  shampoo, conditioner  pain relievers  tissues  Band-Aids  mouthwash/toothbrush/toothpaste  cotton balls  deodorant  Q tips  hair care products  vitamins  hair dryer/curling iron  cold medicines  brush, comb  toothbrush, toothpaste, floss  cosmetic organizer, cosmetics  mouthwash  razor, shaving cream  prescription medicine  tweezers  deodorant  shower caddy  perfume  tissues


The effects of wall hydrocolloids on delivery and bioaccessibility of encapsulated brewers' spent grain ACE‐I inhibitory peptides after simulated gastrointestinal digestion were assessed. Microencapsulation of peptides was carried out by spray drying using locust bean gum, P. columbina phycocolloids, or its mixtures as wall materials. Microcapsules presented round external surfaces with some concavities, negative surface charge and encapsulation efficiencies higher than 90%. The incorporation of phycocolloids to formulations increased the encapsulation efficiency, negative surface charge and resistance against digestive enzymes of microcapsules. Encapsulated peptides with P. columbina phycocolloids showed lower IC₅₀ value of ACE‐I inhibition than un‐encapsulated peptides (2.4 ± 0.2 vs. 7.2 ± 0.3 mg mL⁻¹ protein), but higher than that obtained for hydrolysate (1.5 ± 0.2 mg mL⁻¹ protein), indicating a 75% protection of bioactivity. Electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between P. columbina phycocolloids and brewers' spent grain peptides could be implicated in the protection of peptides during gastrointestinal digestion.


In 1978 Congress passed the Airline Deregulation Act (ADA) which curtailed the authority of the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) over the location, quality, and price of air passenger service. The Act was a response to the high cost of subsized air service to small communities, and to the belief that the public could be served more efficiently by an unrestricted commercial aviation industry. (J) A central issue in the ensuing debate on the wisdom of airline deregulation was whether or not major carriers' attempts to maximize profits in response to the Act have led to lower quality air service to small cities. Representatives of small, and even medium-sized cities, feared the reduction or elimination of air passenger service when federal subsidies to the major carriers were phased out, particularly if the airlines concentrated their equipment on the most profitable, high volume routes between the largest hubs. Proponents of deregulation countered that these smaller communities would be served without subsidy by emerging commuter airlines, operating limited networks with more economical equipment. Moreover, the Act contains several provisions promoting commuter airlines, and subsidizes service by commuters to small communities through 1988. (2)


A study on the diffusion reaction of melted Al and (Fe0.99, Mo0.01)78Si9B13 amopohous alloy was carried out under a pressure of 3 GPa at temperature ranging from 570 to 850℃. A bulk Al-Fe(Mo,Si,B) nanostructured alloy composed of a single phase was prepared by heating alternate layers of (Fe0.99, M0.01)78S9B13 amorphous ribbons and pure Al sheets for 20 min under a pressure of 3 GPa at temperatures of 800 to 830℃. Its mean grain size is 22 nm and its lattice is orthorhombic. Its thermostability is fairly good and its hardness is 6.9 GPa.


This paper extracted the longitudinal profile curves which could be used for young female somatotype,including sagittal and coronal contour curves.A method of young woman shape classification was established based on the curvature radius of contour feature points.On the basis of GBbody shape classification,subdividing of young female body shape was conducted further,analyzing the characteristic of the curve radius of curvature from the perspective of the longitudinal profile curve shape.K-means clustering algorithm was used for dynamic clustering,and the pseudo F statistics were regarded as a discriminant function to determine the optimal class number.The final longitudinal shape could be divided into 8 classes,quantitatively distinguishing the young female longitudinal size differences.And a new shape identification of ″national standard body shape + longitudinal body shape″ is put forward.


This study examines two theses used to explain Arab support of the 11 September attacks on the United States: clash of civilizations and anti-dominance reaction to perceived American hegemony in the Middle East. Huntington's clash-of-civilizations thesis has been widely challenged, but rarely tested on the basis of individual-level data. In this study data were obtained from a random sample consisting of 805 male and female respondents representing 7 Arab nations: Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Saudi Arabia. Results from structural equation modeling show strong support for the anti-dominance thesis and essentially no support for the clash-of-civilizations thesis. These findings suggest a lack of fit between "civilization" and political values contrary to what Huntington had originally posited.


Some may question the need for yet another book on Atlantic salmon.  This book supports a definite 'yes', because it is the most comprehensive treatise on Atlantic salmon ecology.  It not only provides a detailed account of their ecology, but also deals with threats to their ecology as a result of human activity.  All the editors are from Norway and the financial sponsors of the book are The Research Council of Norway, The Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, The Norwegian Directorate for Nature Management, and the Atlantic Salmon Centre.  All seventeen chapters have more than one author with a total of 45 authors; 26 from Norway and 19 from a wide range of countries.  I was slightly puzzled as to why the alphabetical list of contributors is arranged in order of their first names rather than the usual surnames, especially when the latter system is used for the list of reviewers!  There is a very useful glossary of all the major technical terms used in the text.  The book is beautifully produced with lots of coloured photographs and figures.  I especially liked the use of boxes to explain technical and/or theoretical subjects.


At a time coinciding historically with the height of the British Empire, the immigrants' rush to occupy American West lands and the wholesale removal of Native Americans onto reservations, encounters between Native peoples and British women travellers became emblematic of a whole range of socio-spatial relationships of domination, subordination and resistance. In this paper, I examine representations of western Native Americans in the travelogues of ten British women travellers to the late nineteenth-century American West, produced primarily during encounters at sites along the western rail lines. Constructions of racial and gender differences in the texts can be tied to British colonial discourses, as well as to the social relations inherent in the multiple contact zones within which the encounters took place.


A regional air quality data assimilation system(RAQDAS) was established based on ensemble Kalman filter and Nested Air Quality Prediction Model System.This system was employed to assimilate surface ozone observation of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei areas during the 2008 Beijing Olympics period and to optimize ozone initial conditions.The effects of data assimilation on 24 h ozone forecast were investigated.The results show that the assimilation with 50 ensemble members can improve the ozone forecast not only over observational areas,but also over non-observed areas.On average,the data assimilation can decrease the root mean square error(RMSE) of 24 h ozone forecast by 15%.Furthermore,the ensemble size can be reduced to 20 with similar improvement on forecast capability.In order to solve the problem of filter divergence,inflating ensemble spread and perturbing model error sources were employed.Inflating ensemble spread can solve the problem of filter divergence,but it can hardly improve ozone forecast and lead to an increase of ozone forecast error;perturbing model error sources can avoid filter divergence and also bring improvement of 24 h ozone forecast with the RMSE decreased by 20%.


Analysis of the nutritional ecology of sea turtles, that is, how nutrition influences their biology and determines their interactions with the environment, is necessarily restricted to the green turtle, Chelonia mydas. Our knowledge of the nutrition of the other species of sea turtles is limited to information on diet from gut content studies and a few reports on the anatomy and histology of the digestive tract. The literature on diet and gut anatomy and histology are summarized in the first two sections of this review. The remainder of this review is a discussion of the nutrition of Caribbean green turtles: their digestive efficiencies, adaptations to their major food plant Thalassia testudinum, and the effect the diet has, through nutrient limitation, on their productivity. Although Thalassia is a very abundant food source which is fairly constant in productivity and nutrient quality, few herbivores graze on it. Green turtles have two adaptations that enable them to utilize Thalassia more efficiently. First, they maintain grazing plots where, by cropping the young regrowth, they obtain blades of much higher quality because of lower lignin and higher nitrogen concentrations. Secondly, they have a hindgut microbial fermentation that digests the fiber in Thalassia and yields both an important energy source to the green turtle, in the form of volatile fatty acids, and gives the green turtle access to the highly digestible cell contents. In spite of the advantages of these adaptations-grazing plots and hindgut fermentation-they are not sufficient to prevent nutrient limitation and the resulting slow growth rates, delayed sexual maturity, and reduced reproductive output. Comparison with green turtles on high-quality, pelleted diets shows that the productivity of wild populations is well below their genetic potential. Ironically, nutrient limitation acting through delayed sexual maturity may benefit green turtles during periods of intense exploitation by man.


Engineering departments often constitute the major locus for the capitalization of design knowledge. But such an accumulation may be more diffuse and spread between various actors in a regional ecosystem. In Silicon Valley, this dispersion of knowledge makes it more accessible to new actors and favors the regeneration of the region due to the emergence of new firms and technological trajectories. This analysis is drawn from the various accounts and publications of the history of the Valley which have become available.


Abstract A formal total synthesis of (±)-gibberellin A12 (1) was achieved by employing methyl (±)-7,16-dioxo-17-norkauran-19-oate (13) as a relay compound.


ABSTRACT Background Social distancing used as a measure to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2, led to a series of changes in eating behavior, including food craving. Purpose We aimed to evaluate food craving and its associated factors among women and men during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods An online questionnaire was conducted, containing data about food craving and possible associated factors. Results 1363 individuals were included in the survey. Food craving was shown in 46.0% of the respondents. Among women, increased or reduced weight, working/studying during the pandemic without changes, increased snacking, worsened sleep quality, uncontrolled eating were some factors associated with food craving. For men, some factors associated were having a morning snack, living with parents, reduced sleep hours, and emotional eating. Discussion Factors associated with food craving varied between men and women, being more present among women. These differences can be related to hormonal differences, way of working, daily tasks, and food preferences. Translation to Health Education Practice: Our findings may be used to develop guidelines for maintaining healthy eating habits in pandemic situations. In addition, the study showcases the need for health educators to consider the qualitative and quantitative aspects of nutrition, which can interfere with increased food cravings.


A good research depends on a good problem. A well-defined problem is pre-requisite for a good research. In this context, the research problem considered is "Product Mix Strategy of Leading FMCG's in India Market"- With special Reference to Soaps and Detergents. Though, the wide range of soaps and detergents are being marketed by the companies, consumers belonging to different segments are not effectively delivered with the right products to the right customer at the right price at the right time. The studies, so far conducted on product mix strategies are not adequately focusing on bridging the gap between marketer and the prospects. Therefore, current study is designed to address those issues, which are very essential in designing customer oriented marketing mix strategy. This study is important because of the type of information it generates to assist in developing effective product mix in soaps and detergents. Since, product mix decision is critical decision, it involves huge investment and efforts, right information saves companies from the disaster.


On the basis of spectrum moment description of a signal, evolutionary vector is developed to describe slowly time-varying noise processes. It describes the main time-varying properties of a signal. Applications to aircraft flying-over noise are presented.