s Polynomial equations with generic Newton polyhedra Askold Khovanskii Consider a system of equations P1(x) = = Pn(x), x 2 (C )n, where the Pi are Laurent polynomials whose Newton polyhedra are located su ciently generally with respect to each other. In the two-dimensional case, it means that two Newton polygons do not have parallel sides with identically directed outer normals. It turns out that such a system of equations is very simple: it resembles in many ways just one polynomial equation in one unknown. Using the geometry of Newton polyhedra, one can explicitly sum the values of any given Laurent polynomial T over the roots of the system. One also can compute the product of all roots of the system in the group (C )n. This last computation involves what are called Parshin's symbols, and is related to Parshin-Kato theory. The `-vector of general and balanced simplicial complexes Gabor Hetyei This talk explores the properties of an invariant that seems to be associated to many linear (in)equalities of various classes of simplicial complexes. Its ag version, the ag `-vector, provides the sparsest known basis to describe all linear inequalities that hold for the ag f -vector of the order complex of an arbitrary graded poset. The formula that connects it to the ag h-vector is an involution. The entries of the ag h-vector may be de ned as the number of di erent shelling components in the lexicographic shelling of the order complex of a CL-shellable poset (such posets were studied by Bjorner and Wachs.) This de nition inspires a \planar analogue" of the ag h-vector, and other generalizations. For each analogue, the connection formula with the ag `-vector remains an involution. A slightly modi ed version of the ag `-vector yields the cd-index of an Eulerian poset. An easy new proof of the existence of the cd-index may be given using the modi ed ag `-vector. Finally, the nonag version of the `-vector is connected to the Hilbert series of the local cohomology module of the Stanley-Reisner ring of a simplicial complex. Most of these results are joint work with Louis Billera and Margaret Bayer; some of it is work in progress. Algebraic Morse Theory, Strati ed Toroidal Varieties and Factorization of birational maps Jaroslaw W lodarczyk We develop a Morse-like theory in order to prove the Weak Factorization Theorem, which states that any birational map between smooth complete algebraic varieties over an algebraically closed eld can be factored into a sequence of blow-ups and blow-downs. In the above theory, the Morse function is replaced by a K -action. The critical points of the Morse function correspond to xed point components of the action. The homotopy type changes when we pass through the critical points. Analogously, in the algebraic setting \passing through" the xed points of the K -action induces some simple birational 2 transformations called blow-ups, blow-downs and ips. They are analogous to spherical modi cations. In classical Morse Theory, by means of the Morse function we can decompose the manifold into elementary pieces|\handles". In the algebraic Morse theory, we decompose a birational map into blow-ups and blow-downs. The important technical tool used in the proof is the theory of Strati ed Toroidal Varieties, generalizing the theory of Toroidal Embeddings. Vertex algebras associated to toric varieties Lev. A. Borisov Let M and N be dual free abelian groups, and let be a complete rational polyhedral fan in N that de nes a toric variety P . To this set of combinatorial data one can associate a vertex algebra V with a conformal structure. To construct V , one rst considers a certain degeneration Fock M N of the standard lattice vertex algebra FockM N constructed for the lattice M N with the natural quadratic form. This degeneration is de ned by , and is analogous to the degeneration of C [N ] in which the product of two monomials is rede ned to be zero, unless both degrees lie in the same cone of . Afterwards, the vertex algebra V is obtained from Fock M N as cohomology with respect to a certain explicitly written di erential. This di erential depends on a generic choice of complex numbers, one for each one-dimensional cone of . In the smooth case, this choice is irrelevant. The algebra V is the cohomology of a certain sheaf of vertex algebras on P . When P is smooth, this sheaf is the chiral de Rham complex constructed by Malikov, Schechtman and Vaintrob. The string-theoretic cohomology of the toric variety P can be recovered as a certain cohomology of V . In addition, the graded dimension of V is an elliptic genus of P , and has some modular properties. It would be interesting to see what other information is encoded in this vertex algebra. Recently, Malikov and Schechtman have shown that, in the smooth case, if one uses undeformed FockM N in place of Fock M N , then one can recover the quantum cohomology ring of P . 4-Polytopes and 3-Spheres with Fat Face Lattices G unter M. Ziegler (joint work with David Eppstein, UC Irvine) We introduce and study the parameter fatness, f1+f2 f0+f3 , for the classes of rational 4-dimensional convex polytopes, 4-dimensional convex polytopes, 3-dimensional CW-spheres with the intersection property, and Eulerian lattices of rank 5. It is not clear whether fatness is bounded at all on any of these classes. Here we construct examples of rational 4-dimensional convex polytopes of fatness larger than 5 ", 4-dimensional convex polytopes of fatness larger than 5:01, and 3-dimensional CW-spheres with the intersection property of fatness larger than 6 ". 3 This implies counter-examples to conjectured f -vector inequalities of Bayer (1988) and of Billera & Ehrenborg (1999). Most of our examples are constructed using the \Eppstein construction": as the convex hull of a 4-polytope with all ridges tangent to S3, and its polar. This construction has a close connection with ball packings in S3. Their study should lead to an in nite family of 2-simple 2-simplicial polytopes. Finally, we present the f -vector of an Eulerian lattice of rank 7 (the face lattice of a simplicial 5-dimensional manifold) that is not the f -vector of a 5-dimensional CW-sphere with the intersection property. This separates the classes of f -vectors of (d 1)-dimensional spheres and of Eulerian lattices of rank d + 1, for d = 6. No such separation is known for d = 4. Group completions via Hilbert schemes Michel Brion For a given torus T , there is no canonical complete toric T -variety; but if T acts faithfully on a projective algebraic variety X, then one obtains two equivariant completions HT;X (resp. CT;X) of T : the set of graphs of elements of T , together with their limits as closed subschemes (resp. cycles) in X X. More generally, for every connected algebraic group G of automorphisms of X, this de nes two projective, G G-equivariant completions HG;X and CG;X of G, together with a surjective morphism HG;X ! CG;X , the restriction of the Hilbert-Chow morphism. If G is the full connected automorphism group of X, then HG;X (resp. CG;X) turns out to be the unique irreducible component of the Hilbert scheme (resp. Chow variety) of X X containing the diagonal. If X = Pn and G = Aut(X) = PGL(n + 1), M. Thaddeus showed that HG;X = CG;X is smooth, and is the classical space of \complete collineations". We generalize this to all homogeneous spaces, as follows. Let X be a projective variety, homogeneous under a connected group G of automorphisms. Let T be a maximal torus of G, with Weyl group W . (i) HT;X = CT;X is smooth, with fan de ned by the chambers of the nite re ection group W . (ii) HG;X = CG;X is smooth; it is the \wonderful completion" of the semisimple adjoint group G constructed by De Concini and Procesi. (iii) Every point of HG;X is a reduced, Cohen-Macaulay subscheme of X X. Reference: math.AG/0010215 Haiman's n ! Theorem and (n + 1)n 1 Theorem Bernd Sturmfels We present the recent spectacular work of Mark Haiman at the interface of Combinatorics and Algebraic Geometry. His n ! Theorem can be stated in four di erent guises: (1) Combinatorics: If is a partition of n and f(p1; q1); : : : ; (pn; qn)g its diagram, that is, the associated order ideal in N2, then the determinant := det xpj i ypj i 16i;j6n is a homogeneous polynomial in 2n variables. The vector space C[@x1 ; : : : ; @yn] consisting of all successive partial derivatives of this polynomial has dimension n !. 4 (2) Representation Theory: The Hilbert-Frobenius series of the Z2-graded Sn-module C[@x1 ; : : : ; @yn ] is a symmetric polynomial. Its expansion into Schur functions is H (q; t; x1; : : : ; xn) = X `n K (q; t) s (x1; : : : ; xn); where the K (q; t) are the Kostka-Macdonald coe cients. The coe cient of qitj in K equals the multiplicity of the irreducible Sn-module indexed by in the graded component of bidegree (i; j). Hence the H coincide with the Macdonald polynomials. (3) Algebraic Geometry: The space (C2)n of n labeled points in the a ne plane C2 and the Hilbert scheme Hn of colength n subschemes in C2 both admit natural morphisms onto the space Sn(C2) of n labeled points in C2. The isospectral Hilbert scheme Xn, de ned as the reduced ber product of these two morphisms, is Cohen-Macaulay, Gorenstein and normal. In particular, Xn ! Hn is a at morphism of degree n !. (4) Commutative Algebra: For any space E and integers l; n > 0, the polygraph is Z(n; l) := (P;Q) 2 En El : fP1; : : : ; Plg fQ1; : : : ; Qng : Let E = C2, and x coordinates Pi = (xi; yi) for P 2 (C2)n. Then Z(n; l) is an a ne variety in C2l+2n, namely, it is the union of nl linear subspaces of dimension 2n. The coordinate ring of Z(n; l) is a free module over the polynomial subring C[x1; : : : ; xn]. The atness theorem in (3) implies that Xn ! Hn can be identi ed with the universal family of Nakamura's Hilbert scheme of orbits (C2)n==Sn. Using recent work of Bridgeland, King and Reid on the categorical McKay correspondence, Haiman proves that the higher cohomology of cert


The photo-production of nucleon resonances is calculated based on a chiral constituent quark model including both relativistic corrections H{rel} and two-body exchange currents, and it is shown that these effects play an important role. We also calculate the first moment of the nucleon spin structure function g1 (x,Q^2) in the resonance region, and obtain a sign-changing point around Q^2 ~ 0.27 {GeV}^2 for the proton.


The knowledge of the solubility behavior of different lipid classes in supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) is of great importance in the design of SCCO2 fractionation, extraction, and reaction processes. Solubility data from the literature for binary mixtures of SCCO2 and pure lipids (fatty acids, mono-, di-, and triglycerides, and fatty acid esters) were correlated using Chrastil's equation to determine the effect of compound properties (molecular weight and polarity) and operating conditions (density of CO2, pressure, and temperature) on the solubility behavior. The physical state of the lipid solute had a significant effect on model parameters and, hence, the solubility behavior. An isothermal increase in the pressure and a temperature increase at constant CO2 density led to an increase in solubility for all the compounds studied. Retrograde solubility behavior was observed for liquid solutes, whereas the solid solutes were in the nonretrograde region under the examined conditions. In a homologous ser...


A numerical method is presented for determining probabilistic characteristics of the stress-strain state of a plane curvilinear pipeline that has concentrated masses and is subjected to local kinematic excitation. The equation of small vibrations allow for the pipeline's deterministic static state generated by the concentrated and distributed weight forces. The described algorithm for approximate numerical solution of linear partial differential equations enables one to take into account the concentrated external forces, as well as the local constraint forces. The case is considered where passive vibration isolation is used to lower the level of the pipeline vibrations. An algorithm is presented for numerical determination of the optimal parameters of the vibration isolation system which meet the formulated quality criteria.


Since the thermal radiation of large-scale fires can be a hazard to surrounding buildings, there is a need for suitable models to describe the thermal radiation of these fires. With the presented radiation model OSRAMO II, which is experimentally validated, it is possible to calculate the mean surface emissive power of pool fires with pool diameters 8 m ≤ d ≤ 25 m. Direct numerical simulations of a small-scale ethylene pool fire show that the periodical rise of vortex structures like soot parcels and hot spots has a major influence on the temporal variation of flame temperature, soot volume fraction and volume emissive power. Furthermore, the modelling of a large-scale kerosene pool fire shows a time depending temperature field due to the periodical rise of vortices.


Purpose: Eleven patients with progressive advancedmalignancy after administration of a cancer vaccine received a fully human anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody (ipilimumab). The primary end point was to determine drug toxicity. Tumor response, tumor-specific CD8 T-cell immune responses, and modulation of CD4 CD25 FoxP3 regulatory T-cell (Treg) numbers were secondary end points. Experimental Design:Three patients with colon cancer, four with non ^Hodgkin's lymphoma, and four with prostate cancer were treated.The first dose was given at 3 mg/kg and subsequent doses were administered monthly at1.5 mg/kg for a total of four cycles. Results:Tumor regressionwas observed in two patients with lymphoma; one of which obtained a partial response of14-month duration. Ipilimumabwas well tolerated with predominantly grade 1/2 toxicities. One drug-related grade 3 toxicity was observed. One patient diedwithin 30 days of treatment due to progressive colon cancer. No increase in vaccine-specificT-cell responses was observed after therapy. Tregs as detectedby expressionof CD4CD25 CD62L + declined at early time points but rebounded to levels at or above baseline values at the time of the next infusion. Conclusions: Ipilimumab treatment depressedTregnumbers at early time points in the treatment cycle but was not accompaniedby an increase in vaccine-specific CD8 T-cell responses in these patients previously treatedwith a variety of investigational anticancer vaccines. Apartial response was observed in one patient with follicular lymphoma. A phase I/II trial evaluating ipilimumab in patients with follicular lymphoma is currently ongoing. The T-cell receptor CD28 interacts with members of the B7 costimulatory molecule family to activate T cells and stimulate their growth and expansion (1). Its actions are opposed by its inhibitory counterpart, CTL-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4). CD28 is constitutively expressed on T cells, whereas CTLA-4 expression is induced following antigen activation of T cells. Due to its higher affinity for B7 family members, CTLA-4 decreases T-cell responses to maintain T-cell homeostasis as antigenic challenges are controlled. In the absence of CTLA-4, T cells undergo unrestricted expansion that results in the death of animals lacking its expression due to autoimmunity (2–4). Inhibition of CTLA-4 interaction with its ligands B7.1 (CD80) and B7.2 (CD86) with monoclonal antibodies may potentiate T-cell responses by facilitating T-cell activation or prolonging T-cell activity. Inhibition of signaling through CTLA-4 exacerbates the development of autoimmune diseases and enhances the activity of cancer vaccines (5, 6). Preclinical studies showed that CTLA-4 blockade alone protects animals against challenge with immunogenic tumors, whereas weakly or nonimmunogenic tumors require additional signals for protection against tumor growth (7–10). The combination of antitumor vaccination and CTLA-4 blockade protected the animals from progressive tumor growth but induced autoimmunity to normal tissues that expressed the antigen to which the animals were vaccinated. These observations of tumor regression prompted the initiation of clinical trials using fully human antibodies directed against CTLA-4 in cancer patients. Two antibodies with specificity for CTLA-4 have entered clinical trials and showed early efficacy against tumors sensitive to immune modulation, including malignant melanoma and renal cell cancer. Clinically, the administration of both antibodies is associated with the development of autoimmune phenomena. However, the mechanism responsible for autoimmunity and tumor response is unclear (11–13). Cancer Therapy: Clinical Authors' Affiliations: Metabolism Branch, Medical Oncology Branch, Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Eye Institute, and Biometric Research Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland and Medarex, Inc., Bloomsbury, NewJersey Received 8/10/06; revised10/16/06; accepted10/20/06. Grant support: Intramural Research Programof theNIH, National Cancer Institute. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges.This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with18 U.S.C. Section1734 solely to indicate this fact. Note:Presented at theAmerican Society of HematologyMeeting, December 2003. Requests for reprints: John E. Janik, Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Room 4E-5330, Bethesda, MD 20892-1457. Phone: 301-402-2913; Fax: 301-402-1001; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. F2007 American Association for Cancer Research. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-1974 www.aacrjournals.org Clin Cancer Res 2007;13(3) February1, 2007 958 Cancer Research. on January 20, 2018. © 2007 American Association for clincancerres.aacrjournals.org Downloaded from We report the results of a clinical trial using ipilimumab in patients with progressive tumor following administration of a cancer vaccine. The primary end point of the trial was to determine the clinical toxicity of multiple doses. Secondary end points included assessment of disease response, effects on regulatory T-cell (Treg) numbers, and vaccine-specific CD8 T-cell responses. Materials andMethods Eligibility criteria. Patients with progressive disease previously treated on National Cancer Institute–approved antitumor vaccine studies were eligible. Patients with non–Hodgkin's lymphoma immunized with patient-specific idiotype vaccines, prostate cancer patients immunized with a recombinant vaccinia virus vector expressing prostate-specific antigen, and colon cancer patients immunized with a mutant ras peptide-pulsed dendritic cell vaccine were eligible. Eligibility criteria also included age z18 years, life expectancy of z2 months, Karnofsky performance status z70%, treatment with one of the cancerspecific vaccines within 14 months of study entry, white cell count z2,500/AL, granulocytes z1,500/AL, platelet z100,000/AL, hemoglobin z10 g/dL, hematocrit z30%, creatinine V2.0 mg/dL, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase/serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase value <3.0-fold greater than the upper limit of normal, and bilirubin <3.0 g/dL. Exclusion criteria included corticosteroid use, history of autoimmune disease, or active infection. Patients with HIV, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C were excluded. This protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Cancer Institute, and all patients provided written informed consent before enrollment on


A method for preventing shortage at a customer location (5, 5') of consumable ingredient capsules for use in a machine (10, 10') for preparing a beverage by receiving a capsule in a capsule extraction unit, circulating a carrier liquid, such as water in particular heated water, through said capsule in the extraction unit and by dispensing a resulting beverage, the beverage preparation machine at the customer location being distant from a capsule supplier (40) and in data-exchange connection (20) with a server (50) of the capsule supplier to form a network (1), such method comprising supplying from the capsule supplier a stock of consumable ingredient capsules to the customer location; automatically monitoring via the network consumption of the consumable ingredient capsules in the beverage preparation machine; whenever the automatic monitoring detects a reaching of a shortage of consumable ingredient capsules at the customer location, generating automatically by the supplier server an instruction: a) to invite the customer to make an order for a shipment of a new stock of capsules, or b) to prepare a shipment of a new stock of capsules for supply to said customer.


In this paper we give the necessary and sufficient conditions for the prescribed functions z/sub 21//z/sub 11/ and y/sub 21/ to be realizable simultaneously as an RC two-port.


In this research an attempt has been made by using a method called Grey-Taguchi for optimizing the mechanical properties of composite materials. Hand layup method was adopted for the fabrication. Here, Woven Hemp fiber diameter, Number of hemp layer, contents of the coconut shell powder and cryogenic temperature ranges at different levels were incorporated as outcome parameter. For the fabricated laminates ASTM standards were set for conducting the mechanical tests. Hemp and content of coconut shell powder underwent treatment with 5 % NaOH to develop the interfacial exchange between the matrix and fiber. Taguchi method is combined with Grey relational analysis was applied for optimizing composite. Mechanical properties that include compressive strength, tensile strength, impact strength, and flexural strength are set as quality targets. This study involved nine experiments on L9 (3 4 ) Taguchi method's orthogonal array. The optimal parameter were obtained by the combination of the composite, Grey relational analysis was applied. Optimal parameters results were verified with the help of Conformation test. The study results obtained proves the impact strength, flexural strength, tensile strength as well as the compressive strength of the samples. This is improved parallely over ideal combination of composite parameters secured from the contemplated method.


Sorting Sorting is the process of stepwise transforming a source order into a target order on the same objects. It is swapping-based if in each step the order changes for exactly one pair of objects. In this note, the rewrite properties of swapping-based sorting are studied. To that end, swapping-based sorting is formalised as a rewrite system. Its objects, called multi-swaps, will be pairs of relations which can be thought of as the 'current order' and the 'remaining inversions'. Definition 1. A state is a total irreflexive transitive relation on the set of positions of a finite string. A multi-swap is a pair consisting of a state < and a transitive scopic subrelation T of it, where T is scopic if p < o < q and p T q imply p T o or o T q. A swap is a multi-swap (<, pq), where pq is given by p pq q, implicitly assuming p adjacent to q, i.e. there is no o with p < o < q. The two coherence conditions on the 'remaining inversions' T in the definition are due toMellì es (RTA 2002). They can be thought of as discrete axiomatisations of continuous phenomena: 1 Imagine three guys p, o, and q standing in a row, o being the man in the middle, which start walking column-wise. Then scopic captures that for p and q to cross paths, either p or q has to cross paths with o. Dually, transitive captures that if both p and q cross paths (exactly once!) with o, then p and q have to cross paths. Without these conditions the 'remaining inversions' could be incoherent. Imagine for example, someone requesting to sort a list [p, o, q] saying that both pairs p, o and o, q are already in the correct order, but p and q are not. Or, for another example, that p, q are in the correct order, but both p, o and o, q should be swapped? As a first sanity check, bijections between orders, the big-step semantics of sorting so to speak, are modeled as multi-swaps. Lemma 2. For any states <, on the same set of objects (<, < −) is a multi-swap. Proof. By T the relation < − , which captures the idea that the 'remaining inversions' are exactly those pairs in < which are not (yet) in the correct order w.r.t. , …


Providing a window of a greenhouse with which the luminescent material [104] of the sheet and the light converter [103] configured. The sheet comprises one or more luminescent material [104], the luminescent material [104] peak wavelength of the absorption of the sun, the absorbed photons emitted to main wavelength between 600 and 690nm, where the photons are converted to electrical energy and / or improve crop yields. Part of the transparent luminescent material [104] Also solar crop growth and flowering desired spectral portions and blue wavelengths in the red part. Additional polymeric layers may be added to further improve the power generation plant growth and as a light emitting layer, a diffuser and / or IR reflector.


The presented information shows that the period between 1944 and 1989 was characterized by a different approach of the Polish authorities towards the issue of cultural heritage protection in comparison to the years 1918-1939. The mentioned protection had an instrumental character and was one of the political-ideological tools influencing the society. Furthermore, the growth of legal protection of cultural assets in the age of the PRL took place in the conditions of centralized administration that adopted the idea of social distribution of many such assets, which led to devastation of numerous immovable monuments and sometimes also the antique furnishings. All the introduced legal regulations required a thorough change and redefinition of the legal status after the political-structural transformation of 1989.


It is important that we can calculate the order of non-supersingular elliptic curves with large prime factors over the finite field  to guarantee the security of public key cryptosystems based on discrete logarithm problem(DLP). Schoof algorithm, however, which is used to calculate the order of the non-supersingular elliptic curves currently is so complicated that many papers are appeared recently to update the algorithm. To avoid Schoof algorithm, in this paper, we propose an algorithm to calculate orders of elliptic curves over finite composite fields of the forms       using Weil's theorem. Implementing the program based on the proposed algorithm, we find a efficient non-supersingular elliptic curve over the finite composite field  of the order larger than  with prime factor larger than  using the elliptic curve  of the order 36.


The structure of new compound of the type (Pr(SH) (OH) 2H2O) has already been established in our earlier publication (JCGCM 2002). When aqueous solution of ammonium molybdate (NH4)2 MoO4 2H2O) was mixed with Na2S 7H2O, yielded yellow solution due to reducing nature of sodium sulfide. Yellow solution, (NH4)2 (MoO2(H2O)2 ) was mixed with green solution of the compound, (Pr(SH)(OH)2H2O), a brownish red color solution (MoO2 (H2O)2 Pr(SH) (OH)2 H2O ) 2- (NH4) 2+ was obtained which showed δ → δ transition at 500 nm, intervalence Pr 3+ → Mo 4+ band at 425 nm and a steep broad band from 850 to 950 nm due to H- bonding. When aqueous solution (NH4) 2 ( WO4 2H2O ) was mixed with the compound (Pr(SH) (OH)2 H2O ) a green color solution ( WO2 (H2O)2 Pr(SH) (OH)2 H2O) 2- was obtained which showed intervalence Pr 3+ → W 3+ band at 500 nm. On addition of an inert solvent CCl4, the steep broad band at 850-950 nm due to H- bonding disappeared, ascertaining the polymeric nature due to H- bonding of the compound. The structure of thin film of solutions was established by XRD pattern, IR spectra, SEM and TEM showed nearly spherical grains having average size 50-100 nm.


During certain electrostatic process, diverse insulating granular materials acquire large amounts of charge, and retain it longer than necessary. The aim of this work was to model and optimize the elimination of the residual static charge of such materials. The triboelectric charging was assured by a propeller-type device. The neutralisation was carried out using a commercial-type air-assisted ionizer, located at various distances above a conveyor belt that transported the charged particles. The charge of the particles was measured before and after neutralisation using a Faraday cage. Neutralisation rates close to 100% could be achieved under optimal conditions.


Service robots are one of the relevant areas of modern robotics. Many service robots are equipped with a pair of anthropomorphic manipulators, so that they are able to perform complex operations. However, this approach leads to new challenges in development of the robot control systems. In this paper we propose an algorithm for training the control system of two anthropomorphic manipulators with 7 degrees of mobility having intersecting work areas. The algorithm is based on deep reinforcement learning approach applied to the artificial neural network (ANN). The paper also describes the practical implementation of the ANN-based manipulator control system that avoids collisions and achieves an average accuracy of reproducing target positions of manipulator end effector of 98.3%. The ANN training was carried out using Keras framework. The obtained results indicate the promise of applying the proposed method for the development of control systems for anthropomorphic manipulators based on deep reinforcement learning. Keywords—anthropomorphic manipulator, forward kinematics, artificial neural network, machine learning, deep reinforcement learning


A co-clustering model for continuous data that relaxes the identically distributed assumption within blocks of traditional co-clustering is presented. The proposed model, although allowing more flexibility, still maintains the very high degree of parsimony achieved by traditional co-clustering. A stochastic EM algorithm along with a Gibbs sampler is used for parameter estimation and an ICL criterion is used for model selection. Simulated and real datasets are used for illustration and comparison with traditional co-clustering.


PREMISE
In 1879, Dr. William Beal buried 20 glass bottles filled with seeds and sand at a single site at Michigan State University. The goal of the experiment was to understand seed longevity in the soil, a topic of general importance in ecology, restoration, conservation, and agriculture, by periodically assaying germinability of these seeds over 100 years. The interval between germination assays has been extended and the experiment will now end after 221 years, in 2100.

METHODS
We dug up the 16th bottle in April 2021 and attempted to germinate the 141-year-old seeds it contained. We grew germinants to maturity and identified these to species by vegetative and reproductive phenotypes. For the first time in the history of this experiment, genomic DNA was sequenced to confirm species identities.

KEY RESULTS
Twenty seeds germinated over the 244-day assay. Eight germinated in the first 11 days. All 20 belonged to the Verbascum genus: nineteen were V. blattaria according to phenotype and ITS2 genotype; one had a hybrid V. blattaria x thapsus phenotype and ITS2 genotype. In total, 20/50 (40%) of the original Verbascum seeds in the bottle germinated in year 141.

CONCLUSIONS
While most species in the Beal experiment lost all seed viability in the first 60 years, a high percentage of Verbascum seeds can still germinate after 141 years in the soil. Long-term experiments such as this one are rare and invaluable for studying seed viability in natural soil conditions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


On the 22nd of October 2013, the Italian Competition Authority (the "Authority") opened an investigation against ERG S.p.A. for a breach of disclosure duty in accordance with section 3 (1) of…


A network device tester based on the RFC2544 is designed in this paper.Four kinds of test criteria(throughput,latency,frame loss rate,back to back)are introduced in RFC2544 which is the standard to test network devices.Tile64 card block is adopted as the hardware platform.The architecture of the network device and the realization on the Tile64 chip are introduced.The test results show that it can finish the test work efficiently,and the performance can be further enhanced.


BACKGROUND
Cholestatic liver disease as a serious chronic condition develops progressive hepatic degeneration through free radicals.

OBJECTIVE
The present study was designed to extract and identify of two flavonoids in Phlomoides hyoscyamoides plant native to Iran and evaluate the role of quercetin identified on the liver injury among bile duct-ligated rats.

METHODS
This study was conducted on 25 male Wistar rats within three groups of sham control, mere bile duct-ligated, and bile duct-ligated with quercetin. The bile duct-ligated animals received quercetin at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day for 10 days, followed by biochemical tests, oxidative stress markers, activity of antioxidant enzymes and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Molecular docking was used to explore the interactive behavior of quercetin with glutathione peroxidase.

RESULTS
According to analyses of obtained extract, two main active ingredients of P. hyoscyamoides were rutin and quercetin. Bile duct-ligated group showed a significant liver necrosis, a clear increase in plasma and tissue oxidative stress parameters, and a decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity as compared to sham control group. Quercetin injection in bile duct-ligated rats resulted in significant decrease in hydroxyproline, protein carbonyl and histopathologic indexes and significant increase in glutathione peroxidase activity (P-value≤0.05). Based on the molecular docking, the quercetin was able to regulate the glutathione peroxidase activity.

CONCLUSION
The quercetin acts as an enzyme inducer by renewing the glutathione peroxidase activity and inhibiting the oxidation of proteins and hence decrease the oxidative stress. These results could be a sign of confirming the positive role of quercetin in attenuating the liver damage and degeneration.


Abstract How and where do relationships arise that can be rendered diagrammatically? Do they emerge through the process of human reasoning or through the act of drawing on surface? Or do they unfold in the dynamic processes at play in observable reality? The following article argues that the latter is the case, making recourse to the philosophy of Charles Sanders Peirce. As a case study, it explores Galileo Galilei's investigation of free-fall motion and examines both printed texts and manuscripts in order to understand how Galilei arrived at his conclusions. While the published diagrams present his results in graphic traditions that date back to the 14th century, Galilei's handwritten sketches and notes demonstrate the difficult process of hypothesis formation. In these documents we can observe Galilei grappling with adapting the forms of older diagrammatical notation to his experiments. Through close observation of the phenomena in front of him, Galileo tries to comprehend clearly which parameters of motion can be measured and correlated on the inclined plane.


Magnetization studies were carried out on the cubic Laves phase Dyo.73Tbo,7Fez~xNix and HO~~,~T~~~,,F~Q~ , (x = y = 0,0.5,1.0,1.5 and 2.01 systems at 4.2 K. These studies indicate that the magnetization process is influenced by the domain wall pinning. The value of the propagation field observed increases with Ni concentration in both the systems up to x = y = 1.5 and falls to a small value for x = y = 2.0. The pinning effect is more pronounced in the case of Dy0.73Tb027Fez-xNix when compared with Ho0.85Tb0.15F~-y"y because of the larger K, value for Dy0.73Tb02,Fe2 compared to Ho0.85Tb0.15Fe2*


Adequate coverage and efficiency of public health services are high priorities for sustainable growth and development. In many countries, public healthcare continues to fall short of demand, and remains unevenly distributed among the population. As in other areas of project appraisal, studies on social equity and access to public utilities are fraught with theoretical and empirical questions. Based on the concepts of marginal disutility with respect to distance, safety thresholds and 'equally distributed equivalent' distance, the paper first reassesses utility theory assumptions supporting the rationale for functional re-specifications. Partly drawing on these theoretical refinements, the analysis formulates a stochastic cost frontier hurdle model with an endogenously determined hospital distance threshold. For illustrative purposes, this model is applied to pooled biennial communal data for Chile. Healthcare accessibility in terms of travel cost/time is proxied by distances of administrative centres from the nearest emergency hospitals over the period 2000-2003.


This paper presents a simple model of regulated/deregulated shopping hours and bundling in markets where consumers have preference in shopping time. We show that, for a range of parameters, the market will change from a duopoly with an independent pricing regime when shopping hours are regulated, to a monopoly regime with bundling of products, when shopping hours are deregulated. For the rest range of parameters, market structure does not change after deregulation. Finally, deregulation tends to increase the range of parameters over which bundling is a profitable strategy. Thus, the message of this paper is that deregulation increases the strategic incentive to bundle as a mechanism to deter entry.


This paper provides a business solution to implement Calendar Chart in Mainframes for analysing the progress of a Bank by giving detailed report of number of new accounts created for the bank. A calendar chart is a visualization used to show activity over the course of a long span of time, such as months or years. They're best used when you want to illustrate how some quantity varies depending on the day of the week. This chart gives us the numerals so as to easily analyse the trends over time.


Neuropsychological understanding of autistic disorders involves the allocation of the neurophysiological bases of such violations as opposed to psychopathological understanding the operating often similar symptomatic episodes with veiled structure development. Neuropsychological analysis also allows you to build more reliable nosologically structural-typological model of diagnosis of this disorder conceptualizing it in the essential lines of development. This allows the use more adequate habilitation corrective actions based on the laws and peculiarities of formation of higher psychological functions.


In this paper, the FLL(Frequency Locked Loop) circuit using current conveyor circuit is designed by CMOS process. The FLL circuit is built in a frequency divider, a frequency-to-voltage converter, a voltage subtractor and a oscillator and the circuit blocks have a symmetric structure to improve a reliability characteristics with a process variation. From the simulation results, the variation rate of output frequency is about less than when the channel length, channel width, resistance and capacitance are varied .


Temporary structures such as formwork support and scaffolding plays an important role in on-site production for construction projects. However, they are normally disregarded when considering the importance of qualifications and experience. In fact, most of the time temporary structures won't be considered until it is actually constructed. As a result, most tragic failures during construction are usually the result of improperly designed, constructed and/or maintained temporary structures. A real-time monitoring system enabled by video cameras may facilitate the monitoring of integrity and safety of construction temporary structures. It entails applying close-range photogrammetry and digital image correlation to measure the deformation of structural material shapes. In this system, stereo image matching algorithms and accuracies are considered to be one of the most significant elements. It is to seek the corresponding relationships between left and right-view images of the same scene to obtain the disparity images. Thus, this paper attempts to evaluate the image matching algorithms that exist in order to identify the most appropriate one for the temporary structure monitoring system. The principle of stereo matching is firstly introduced. This is followed by the comparison of three classical algorithms, semiglobal matching (SGM), block matching (BM), and graph cuts (GC) method. The undertaking of the comparison includes statistical analyses of the time and disparity images quality estimation. The research concludes that the SGM algorithm possesses both relative high efficiency and disparity images with excellent qualities. The present work facilitates the investigation of the aforementioned monitoring system.


Carbon migration has been investigated both experimentally and numerically by injecting isotopically marked methane (CH4) at trace levels into a series of identical low-density, low-confinement mode discharges at the last day of the 2007 ASDEX Upgrade experimental campaign. The experiment is simulated with the DIVIMP code to test which assumptions are needed to reproduce the observed deposition pattern. Including a realistic poloidal flow profile was observed to be crucial in replicating the experimental results. JNM keywords: C0100, I0100, T0900 PSI-19 keywords: Carbon impurities, ASDEX-Upgrade, DIVIMP, OSM model, SOL plasma flow PACS: 52.25.Fi, 52.25.Vy, 52.40.Hf, 52.40.Kh *Corresponding author address: P.O.Box 14100 FI-00076 AALTO Finland *Corresponding author E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Presenting author: Toni Makkonen Presenting author E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Intelligent structure is consistently identified as one of techniques getting much attention in the 21 century. With the research and development of intelligent material with large strain, high strength and high performance, the study on the non-linear theory of intelligent structure is a hot spot for research in the future. Based on nonlinear theory, Gurtin-type quasi-variational principle of nonlinear intelligent structure is established in this paper. Finally, some correlative problems are discussed.


Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates the pituitary secretion of both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH), and thus controls the hormonal functions of the ovarium. GnRH analogues have been produced by amino acid substitutions within the native GnRH molecule resulting in a greater potency and a longer duration of effectiveness. Generally, GnRH analogues are used safely for oestrus induction or suppression and provide an advantage over other methods. The GnRH agonists mimic the native GnRH and stimulate the release of gonadotropin with different power from adenohypophysis. Upon the GnRH agonist administration, it causes initially a flare-up effect due to gonadotropin secretion. However, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism occurs about 10-15 days after the administration of agonist. For this purpose, in recent years, GnRH agonist, as often preferred, is safely used for irreversible oestrus induction or suppression, termination of pregnancy, endocrinological diagnosis, urinary incontinence and the treatment of mammary tumour. Antagonists compete successfully with the endogenous GnRH and bind to gonadotrope GnRH receptors. Thus, upon the occupancy of the receptor, they provide blockade and suppress the secretion of gonadotropins. Upon the administration of GnRH antagonists, they rapidly down-regulate the gonadotropin level without flare-up effect and this feature provides an advantage against the agonists. In recent years, although studies on reproduction in female cats and dogs have increased, more research is needed. In the present review, the structure of the GnRH analogues and their current use in cats and dogs are given.


Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) decarboxylation and Dimethyl Ether (DME) carboxylation were found to be a system under equilibrium in which CO2 is the cornerstone. DMC decarboxylation to DME and CO2 was thermodynamically and kinetically resolved, which allowed obtaining conditions in which DME carboxylation is thermodynamically favourable. Subsequent demonstration of DME carboxylation represents the first exemple of CO2 insertion in an aliphatic ether function. This study was carried out using a continuous fixed bed reactor loaded with zinc-exchanged faujasite catalyst, designed to mimic the reaction mechanism of CO2 hydration by the enzyme Carbonic Anhydrase.


The unsaponifiable fraction of subcutaneous fat of dry-cured Iberian hams from pigs fed on different systems during the finishing-fattening period and its feasibility as a method for classifying the hams according to the pigs' feeding background are studied. Unsaponifiable fraction and n-alkane content of subcutaneous fat from ten dry cured hams from Iberian x Duroc pigs raised on two different man agement systems (Montanera, fed extensively on acorns and pasture, and Pienso, fed on a concentrate diet) are analyzed. The proportion of unsaponifiable material and n-alkanes [pentadecane (n-C15), heptadecane (n-C17), octadecane (n-C18), nonadecane (n-C19), eicosane (n-C20) and pentacosane (n-C25)] were higher (P < 0.05) in hams from pigs raised under extensive conditions than in those from pigs receiving concentrate feeds. The unsaponifiable fraction assay of the fat from dry-cured Iberian hams is a promising technique for classifying hams based on the pigs' feeding background.


Objective: To describe the effect of Hydroxyurea (HU) treatment in Omani Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) patients with different beta-globin gene cluster haplotypes. Materials and methods: A total of 52 cases treated with HU were enrolled in this study. Response to the drug was compared between patients with and without the XmnI polymorphism in the different betaglobin gene cluster haplotypes. We have classified our cohort into three categories: good responders to HU for those patients who had no crises and no hospitalization after 6 months of treatment; partial responders for those who had a reduction in the number of crises after the same period and non responders for those that remained clinically unchanged even after doubling the HU prescription. Results: Most patients homozygous or heterozygous for the Xmn I polymorphism (T/T or T/C) had higher levels of HbF prior treatment than those having the CC genotype and were classified under good or partial responders. Conclusions: Being the Xmn-I polymorphism associated with the haplotypes frequent in Oman and acting as enhancer of the already elevated HbF expression, HU treatment can be prospectively applied to predict responsiveness and treatment can be given to those with low HbF expression for beneficial lowering of cellular adhesion. HU treatment can ameliorate the clinical phenotype of the large majority of Omani patients with SCD.


The region of Polo de Confeccoes do Agreste of Pernambuco has thousands of formal and
informal productive units. Although some of these units perform better on the market, this
performance is still not understood, that is, the way they gain competitive advantage is not
explained by theories of the organizational context. The importance of studying the
phenomenon of competitive advantage in companies in the region is due to the high
competitiveness that the sector has, in the production and sales numbers and in the set of
resources owned by the companies. In order to identify the competitive advantage and its
sources, this research has as general objective to analyze the competitive implications in the
companies studied in the Polo of Confection of the Agreste of Pernambuco according to the
assumptions of the RBV. To achieve this goal, research on organizational context theories,
such as the forces of the general environment, SWOT analysis and the Resourced-Based View
(RBV) assumptions, were raised through a bibliographical review of the main national and
international authors on the themes . The data collection was done through a semi-structured
interview, as well as questionnaire application. The work has led to the finding that
companies have a number of valuable, rare, hard-to-imitate resources that the organization
explores. Some of the resources considered strategic and identified by the research were:
cashier software (Company A), brand value (Company B), digital marketing (Company D)
and creation software (Company E). While in Company B all resources were considered
strategic. This implied a temporary competitive advantage, competitive parity and competitive
disadvantage for the companies surveyed, none of which achieved a sustainable competitive
advantage, the ideal.


CN, GM, LM, FP, SC, RC, RR and GA contributed to the interpretation of data, and to the drafting and critical revision of the manuscript.


Background and Objective: Although compression therapy is a very effective therapy in reducing stasis-induced complaints, the wearing comfort is not always as requested. Most frequent problems are dryness of the skin and itching. This randomized, cross-over trial investigated 33 healthy participants and compared 2 different medical compression stockings: conventional stockings (type A = MCS) versus compression stockings with integrated care emulsion (type B = MCS-SkC). Methods: Participants were divided into 2 cohorts. Both compression types were worn one after the other, 1 week each. The cohorts were named according to the sequence of the wearing periods (cohort AB/BA). Primary outcome: skin hydration. Secondary outcomes: transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin roughness, leg volume, interface pressure, and questionnaires about stasis-induced complaints and wearing comfort. Results: Skin hydration: significant reduction after wearing MCS in both cohorts (p < 0.001); preservation of skin moisture after wearing MCS-SkC (p = 0.546 and p = 0.1631). TEWL: significant increase after wearing MCS (p = 0.007 and p = 0.0031); significant reduction by wearing MCS-SkC (p = 0.006 and p = 0.0005). Skin roughness: significant increase after wearing MCS (p = 0.0015 and p = 0.010), and nonsignificant decrease of skin roughness after wearing MCS-SkC (p = 0.933 and p = 0.4570). Leg volume: significantly reduced with both stockings (p = 0.004 and p = 0.0047). Regarding stasis-induced complaints, both stockings achieved good results. Conclusions: Both compression stockings are appropriate to reduce leg edema and minimize leg symptoms. MCS-SkC helps to obtain the natural skin barrier function in preserving the epidermal water content and reducing the TEWL.


Testes are highly sensitive to increasing body or scrotal temperature or thermal insulation of testis which in turn causes degenerative changes causes reduction of testicular weight and size as well as alteration in its consistency, which ultimately leads to deleterious effects on semen production and its quality profiles. The present study was conducted to assess the adverse effects of scrotal insulation on semen quality profiles (SQPs), seminal antioxidant profile (total antioxidant capacity; TAC) and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde; MDA) in mithun bulls. The study was conducted in livestock farm, ICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland, India. Semen ejaculates were collected twice a week from six adult healthy mithun bulls with good body condition score (5–6) from day of scrotal insulation (day 0) to day 42 of post insulation to know the effect of scrotal insulation on SQPs, TAC and MDA of mithun semen. Scrotal insulation was applied for 5 days (day 0: day of insulation). Semen ejaculates were collected & evaluated upto the day 42 of experimental period. Result revealed that scrotal insulation has significant ( p <0.05) effect on the SQPs, TAC and MDA upto day 42 of insulation. However, these scrotal insulated animals were recovered gradually in SQPs as well as antioxidant profiles. The adverse effects of scrotal insulation on SQPs, TAC and MDA indicated that the semen collection as well as preservation required to be suspended till day 42 of scrotal insulation to get good quality or normal semen to avoid the conception failure in artificial insemination (AI) centre using such semen in mithun. 2015). Scrotal insulation is a Scrotal insulation, mithun, semen, antioxidant, stress


We read with great interest the recent article by Vollroth et al. [1], describing their experience with conversion to sternotomy during minimally invasive mitral surgery. The authors are to be congratulated on the low incidence of conversion (1%) that they have reported. The high early mortality (23.5%) associated with conversion in their series remains a reminder of the gravity of such an occurrence, even in experienced hands. Given the fact that 14 of the 34 conversions described were related to the application of the Chitwood clamp, the authors recommend that, with any difficulty encountered during its placement, the option of elective conversion should be considered [1]. In our experience, elective conversion was seldom a consequence of difficulty clamping the aorta. Whenever clamping the aorta is judged unsafe, our alternative strategy is opting for hypothermic fibrillation (HF) as a means of myocardial protection. Over the past few years, our threshold for shifting towards HF has been increasing. We recently reported on our experience with the minimally invasive approach in patients who had a previous sternotomy, where aortic clamping is commonly judged to be unsafe due to dense adhesions. HF was used in 77% of these patients without a single incidence of conversion to sternotomy. Contrary to a common notion, there was no relationship between HF and cerebrovascular accidents [2]. Similarly, previous reports from the authors' own institution reported exactly the same pattern of adoption of HF (77%) in redo cases [3]. Other authors also reported an increasing trend towards the use of HF in minimally invasive surgery with satisfactory results [4]. Given the demonstrated safety of HF in redo cases, it seems reasonable to extend its use to other clinical situations where aortic clamping is judged unsafe because of a diseased or a dilated aorta. As minimally invasive mitral surgery gains more ground, surgeons are likely to become increasingly exposed to similar situations. And mastering alternative means of myocardial management, rather than opting to convert to a full sternotomy, is a more practical approach. Finally, we would like to commend the authors for a fine article and look forward to their response.


This article describes the development of a machine vision based guidance system for an automatic rice
transplanter. The system is capable of analyzing images of the field shoreline (concrete or soil banks) and/or rows of seedlings,
as well as having the functionality to detect the row and field end. Tests on more than 3000 images of concrete banks, soil
banks, and rice seedlings showed that the average processing time was 3.27, 3.03, and 4.34 s, respectively. The detection
accuracy was 99.2, 98.6, and 98.9% for concrete bank, soil bank, and rice seedlings, respectively, thereby verifying the
applicability of the approach. The detection errors usually occurred when the mud was on the shoreline or near the rice line
and when the seriate was missing seedlings. Avoiding these conditions was important to this system.


The pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ critically important for intestinal digestion. Most of the pancreas consists of exocrine glands that synthesize and secrete a great majority of digestive enzymes into the pancreatic duct tributaries and on into the duodenum. It also contains important endocrine glands that produce hormones such as insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, thus also regulating nutrition and gastrointestinal function. Since the exocrine pancreas serves a central and essential role in the digestive process, its dysfunction may result in malabsorption and malnutrition. Previous studies have shown that exocrine pancreatic dysfunction could be induced by various physical conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and aging. In addition, food consumption and dietary components have been reported to affect pancreatic enzyme synthesis and secretion. However, little is known about the effects of physical exercise on the function of the exocrine pancreas. This review focuses on the effects of physical exercise on functional and ultrastructural alterations in the exocrine pancreas. Furthermore, the importance of physical exercise on exocrine pancreas dysfunction is discussed.


The aim of this research was to know the alteration of β Endorphin blood level due to respiratory training 'Satria Nusantara'. This research was used randomized pretest-posttest group design. The sample was 15 men whose given exercise 3 times per week for 7 weeks and examined for β Endorphin Blood Level before exercise, 45 minutes and 24 hours after last exercise and then analyzed with ELISA (Enzym Linked Imunosorbent Assay). The data analyzed with paired t test. The result shows that β endorphin blood level pretest, 45 minutes post exercise and 24 hours after last exercise respectively was 16,62 ng/ml, 20,86 ng/ml and 20,39 ng/ml with significant difference (p=0,000). In conclusion, there was alteration in β endorphin blood level due to respiratory training of 'Satria Nusantara' which increase 45 minutes and falling down 24 hours post exercise. This was show β endorphin blood level was going back to recovery condition.


Urinary system anomalies include renal agenesis, supernumerary kidneys, renal ectopia, and fusion anomalies. Demonstration of a congenital renal anomaly plays an important role in the treatment of patients with renal infection. The authors report a case of a 25-year-old woman with a 2-month history of fever, pain, and a palpable lump in the left flank. Blood biochemistry was within normal limits and her kidney-ureter-bladder X-ray revealed no abnormality. She was referred to the authors for renal functional evaluation using Tc-99m DTPA. A diagnosis of fused renal ectopia was made.


Stanga square and Venice road, in Padova, are the layout of the project that redefines a crossroads star, featuring a place that doesn't show any architectural quality. The project tries to give shape to this space through architecture, building the theme of the city gate. The project presents a series of autonomous buildings that give life to an urban set articulated in an archipelago of singular points, held together by relations of mutual tension established between the different elements in space.


The Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC), which is presented as an evolutionary technology for a large diversity of applications (Dams, roads...), is considered, like conventional concretes and other construction materials, as an elastic material. The RCC in pavement supports many stresses which involve deformations and reciprocally. The knowledge of the relation between strength and deformation, for a material such as the RCC, presents a capital interest for the structural design of rigid pavements. The authors treat, in this work the experimental evaluation and the estimation, through a model, of the Young's elastic modulus E of the RCC for pavement manufactured with low cement proportioning. This work includes experimental measurements of the elastic modulus E on standardized specimens prepared according to the method of the French National Project "BaCaRa". It contains also the comparison of the measured modulus with those estimated by the models.


Background: Nomadic cattle-rearing in Nigeria has been inferred to have livestock– wildlife interface; whereas, animal trade plays an important role in the spread of infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance in animal and human populations.
Objective: To assess and highlight the communal, national, and international trans-boundary-public-Eco-health implications of drug-injection malpractices during livestock-farming and livestock-trading in Nigeria, and the associated trans-boundary One Health interventions.
Study-populations and methods: Study was limited to the Southwest Nigeria, where the indigenous (nomadic) cattle-farmers could be interviewed under nonhostile and safer conditions. However, two of the nomads had travelled up to about 26 out of the 37 states of the country. Verbal informed-consents were obtained from six cattle-farmers and twelve cattle-traders, at six major cattle-farmsettlements and six cattle-markets, and eight veterinary doctors / three animal husbandmen, followed by informal oral interviews, questionnaire-administration and telephone-conversations. Relevant information were transcribed and analysed as textural data.
Results: Cattle-farmers and traders mostly dosed presumably healthy-cattle with vitamins and iron drugs, while ill-cattle were injected with iron-dextran, oxytetracycline, penstrep, ofloxacin, chloramphenicol, tylosin, ivermectin, diminazene aceturate, izonicid, colistin, etc. Clinical implications and associated adverse public health significance of expiry dates and improper storage of medications; non-combination of different medications in the same containers or syringes; microbial contamination of administered medications by previously used needle and syringe or left-over medications; administration of adulterated or expired injection-drugs under veterinary conditions; as well as, zoonotic-infections, antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial residues in food-animals, were not comprehended by the cattle-farmers and cattle-traders. Cattle-farmers and cattle-traders in Nigeria unethically inject their cattle with prescription veterinarymedications, especially antibiotics and antiparasitics, reportedly due to, lack of subsidy and non-compensation by governments, in cases of cattle morbidity and mortality; shortage of animal health professionals, due to nomadic-cattle-farming, and cattle-farmers' occasional refusal to pay for rendered veterinary services.
Conclusion: Antimicrobial-injections-in-livestock-health, due to unprofessional injection administration by cattle-farmers and cattle-traders, with significant clinical-public health implications on eco-health and cross-border health, were recorded, and must be addressed through appropriate implementable policies.


The invention discloses a defense method based on a MAC (Medium/Media Access Control) address attack and a system. A forwarding device builds a forwarding list according to an IP (Internet Protocol) address in a received ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) message and a corresponding MAC address, and the ARP message which requests to modify the IP address and the corresponding MAC address in the forwarding list is forced to be detected; when the MAC address in the ARP message is not the original MAC address, the forwarding device sends a constructed ARP request message to the original IP address, and an IP address and a MAC address in an ARP response message are detected; and when the IP address and the MAC address are not the original IP address and the original MAC address, the message is sent to a destination IP address in the ARP message which requests to modify the IP address t and the corresponding MAC addressin the forwarding lis. According to the method and the system, flexibility of configuration between a switch port and a network device is improved, and safety and stability problems of the MAC address and the IP address are solved.


Study of the strength change of No. 0214 typhoon"Yongfong"expressed, the reciprocity of weak cold air, meso-scale vortex and subtropical high strengthening and extending westward, lead to the wind field surrounding "Vongfong", vortex field and energy series appeared unsymmetry nature structure. Thus the typhoon strength happened sudden change.


Qingzhong theory with the nature of financial management make it the revenue-strengthening preferred solution for the feudal Government.When redundant miltaty officers and financial tribute to the foreigners made the northern Song dynasty's revenue almost depleted,Qingzhong theory became the object people in that time accepted.Li Gou explained "Li Chu Yikong",revised the traditional "Pingdi"concept,and perfected its monopoly and commerce-restrained features.Fan Zhongyan,Ou Yangxiu criticized its monopoly feature,put forward the more effective "Quan Shanggu"theory.Wang Anshi put Qingzhong theory in practice of the political reform,and saved serious financial crises at that time.Qingzhong theory did not be emphasized in the Southern Song dynasty.The reason was that the issue of"Huizi"largely replaced Qingzhong theory.


DMI's FuturEd survey (found at www.surveymonkey.com/r/FuturED), begun in spring 2016, strives to answer some big questions. We hope
you'll join the conversation.


MICE is one of the largest and fastest growing sectors within the tourism industry. For many destinations it provides a tremendous number of tourists and high exposure. This article compares the images of 3 MICE destinations in Zhuiiang Delta. Using importance-performance analysis, it highlights exemplary strengths and weaknesses of MICE destinations.


The creep behavior of a series of poly(ethyl acrylate)–poly(methyl methacrylate) interpenetrating polymer networks was investigated. For comparison purposes, some stress relaxation data were included. Master curves containing a single broad transition covering approximately 20 decades of time were found for midrange compositions. Although the time–temperature superposition principle and the WLF equation should not strictly apply, reasonable agreement was found over a large portion of shift factor versus temperature plots. Application of a modified Tobolsky-Aklonis-Dupre glass–rubber theory suggested that the breadth of the transition could be attributed to a near continuum of phase compositions in the material, each phase composition making its specific contribution to the relaxation spectrum. Whether or not these phase regions are so small as to arise from random concentration fluctuations in an otherwise compatible polymer pair remains unknown.


Background: Critical Care Providers (CCPs) experience situations that challenge their ethics and professional standards and may entail moral distress (MD). Aim: To analyze MD perceived by CCPs in intensive care units (ICUs) or emergency departments (EDs) and further clarify whether CCPs who rely on spiritual resources differ in their perception of MD from those who do not utilize these resources. Methods: A cross-sectional anonymous survey was administered using a modified version of the German language version of the Moral Distress Scale (MDS) with 2 × 12 items to assess the frequency and the respective perceived burden of specific situations by applying a 5-point Likert scale. Explorative factor analysis was performed and the sub-constructs of the respective items regarding MD frequency and burden were identified. Job burden and professional satisfaction were measured using visual analogue scales (VAS) and a four-point Likert scale, respectively. The 15-item SpREUK questionnaire was applied to measure spiritual attitudes and behaviours and to differentiate between religious and spiritual persons. Data from 385 German-speaking CCPs were included (55% physicians, 45% nurses). Results: Conflict situations are similar for physicians and nurses although they are perceived as more burdensome by nurses. Among physicians, the MDS factor Looking away/Resignation scores highest for assistant physician residents, whereas distress caused by looking away is more often perceived by specialist physicians without a managerial position. Work satisfaction is inversely associated with MD and emotional exhaustion is positively associated with it. Participants' spirituality is marginally associated with MD. The best predictors of both MD frequency and burden are emotional exhaustion with further influences of work satisfaction, being a nurse, and being a non-believer on the frequency of MD perception. Being a nurse, participants' experience in ICU/ED, and being of the male gender are further predictors of MD burden. Conclusions: MD is experienced differently by different groups of CCPs depending on their place in the hierarchy of responsibility. As MD perception is best predicted by emotional exhaustion, these situations should be avoided. Although some CCPs may rely on spiritual resources, all need individual and team support to cope with MD.


The invention protruding cutter and the groove by using a cutter while conveying the metal foil is continuously directed to a collector manufacturing apparatus capable of forming such a ball arrangement the plurality of through, the metal foil is wound around the supply reel and; It is disposed at one side of the supply reel, a pair of transport rollers for transporting the metal foil wound around a supply reel and; A plurality of the upper roller having a first protruding cutter module and the plurality of first groove cutter module to form the through-holes at regular intervals to a metal foil carried by the conveyance is disposed at a side of the transport rollers and the second protruding cutter module and a plurality of the hole it is provided with a lower roller having a second groove forming portion and the cutter module; One pairs of the thickness control roller that regulate is arranged to be spaced apart from each other at regular intervals on one side of the hole forming portion is greater than the thickness of the collector distance and; It is positioned on one side of the thickness control roller and the number of reels being configured for recovering the metallic foil having a through hole passing through the thickness control roller.


With fast development of mobile communication technologies and With the advent of the Web 2.0 application, the huge numbers of students access social software via mobile are opening the way for building a social mobile learning environment. This paper proposes a multi-agent technique to an Adaptive Social Mobile Learning System. The construction of this multi-agent contains Information, pedagogical, social, and adaptive agents. This paper presents each agent with its algorithm and the development of the whole system.


A 60-day indoor growth trial was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary replacement of fish meal (FM) protein with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (BSFLM) at graded concentrations on bio-growth parameters, whole-body chemical composition, digestive enzyme activity, muscle-growth-related gene expression and haemato-biochemical responses of goldfish (Carassius auratus) juveniles. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with BSFLM to substitute FM protein at 0 (T0), 20 (T20), 40 (T40), 60 (T60), and 80 (T80), and 100 % (T100). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 20 fish (Mean weight: 2.8±0.3 g) per aquaria were fed twice a day. Goldfish juveniles fed the T60 diet exhibited maximum growth and feed utilization. However, escalating the percentage of fishmeal substitution with BSFLM above 60 percent led to a significant reduction in growth and feed utilization. The protease activity and the haemoglobin (Hb) value were high in fishes fed with the T60 diet. The MyoD was upregulated in fish fed T40 and T60 diets, while the myostatin was downregulated in fish-fed T40 and T60 diets. Thus, the fishmeal protein substituted at 60% with BSFLM with an inclusion level of 201 g/kg of diet will be suitable for the goldfish juveniles.


The extracts from leaves of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. were obtained by common extracting method for studying its antifungal activities and analyzing the active components.The results showed that alcoholic extracts and the acetic ether part of alcoholic extracts (separated with acetic ether from alcoholic extracts) from leaves of J. mandshurica had antifungal activities toward Alternaria alternate Fr. and Sphaeropsis sapinea Fr.. MIC of the alcoholic extracts and the acetic ether part of alcoholic extract were both 3.12 g/L toward A. alternate,and both 6.25 g/L toward S. sapinea. The active components in the acetic ether part I and part II(separated with silica gel column chromatography) of alcoholic extracts from leaves of J. mandshuricawere analyzed by GC-MS.The results showed that major active components of relatively high content in the acetic ether part of alcoholic extracts from leaves ofJ.mandshuricawere 1,4-naphthalenedione,5-hydroxy-(juglone),D-allose,5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione,1,5-naphthalenediol,2,3-dihydro-benzofuran,7-methoxy-1-tetralone,1-naphthalenol,8-hydroxy-2-methoxy-1,4-naphthalenedione and 4-methyl-2,6-dihydroxyquinoline.


With K2O as flux, near‐stoichiometric In:LiNbO3 (In:SLN) crystals with different indium contents were grown by the top seed solution growth (TSSG) method. Defect structure characteristics and the replacement principle of extrinsic ions were derived from X‐ray powder diffraction, differential thermal analysis (DTA), ultraviolet‐visible (UV) absorption and infrared (IR) spectrum measurement. Further analysis indicated that the threshold concentration of In2O3 in near‐stoichiometric LiNbO3 crystals were about 1.1 mol%. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Some free pharmaceutical software on Internet was recommended according to its application respectively in this article.The size ,application and the adress of the software to download also were introduced briefly.


A revised version of the Fennema-Sherman Mathematics Anxiety Scale (FSMAS-R) was assessed for its factor structure, reliability, and validity with 1,601 pretertiary students. Factor analyses supported a two-factor model. The construct validity of the FSMAS-R was demonstrated through intercorrelations between subscales and correlations with self-confidence and mathematics achievement test scores.


The oligomer of bis-phenol A (oligo-PC) with M w = 1300 and bis-phenol A polycar-bonate (PC) with M w = 20 000 were deposited onto E-glass surface using SiCl4 as the grafting and cross-linking agent. Thickness of the deposited layers was varied from 30 to 106 nm and the layers were investigated as prepared and after thermal annealing at 245°C for 10 min in the air. Vibrational piezoelectric resonator technique and the speed of Rayleigh wave measurement were used to determine elastic moduli of the ultra thin layers deposited on flat E-glass substrate as a function of their thickness. In all cases, increase of the Young modulus of the interphase, E i, with decreasing layer thickness, t i, was observed. At a given thickness, the E i of PC layer was significantly lower than that for the oligo-PC layer. Thermal annealing of the deposited PC layer resulted in a significant increase of its E i compared to the as received layer. No significant change was observed for oligo-PC interphases. Increase of the shear strength of the interface, τ a, with reducing interphase thickness, t i, was observed. The observed increase of E i with the decreasing t i was ascribed to the reduction of the molecular mobility of chains near solid surface compared to their mobility in the bulk. Most probably, the observed increase of E i after thermal annealing of PC was caused by rearrangement of both segment density distribution in individual PC coils near the solid surface and cooperative rearrangements of multiple PC chains. Since the oligomers attached to the surface attained presumably more regular extended conformations with lower conformation entropy compared to the PC random coils, the effect of thermal annealing was negligible. In agreement with theoretical predictions, increase of E i at the same extent of interfacial interactions resulted in the observed increase of the τ a measured using the single embedded fiber test.


This chapter examines the rules that govern election timing in democracies. It begins by distinguishing between constitutionally fixed (exogenous) and constitutionally flexible (endogenous) election timing, reviews which political actors can call early elections when endogenous election timing is permitted, and notes that early elections are heterogeneous and can be of two distinct types—either triggered by government failure or called for partisan advantage. Next, the chapter summarizes the current understanding of the consequences of election timing rules for four important political outcomes: gridlock resolution, the electoral performance of incumbents, the bargaining power of various political actors in negotiating governments and policy, and the rhythm of policy cycles. Together the findings reviewed in this chapter show that election timing rules are highly consequential: they shape election outcomes, accountability, and policy, with significant implications for governance and voter welfare.


The effects of liquid-crystal (LC) alignment and electro-optical (EO) characteristics of photoaligned twisted-nematic (TN)-LC display (LCD) on a PMCh (poly (4′-methacryloyloxy chalcone)) surface using a new photodimerization method were investigated. Photopolymer layers were exposed by linearly polarized UV during heating at 100°C. Excellent voltage-transmittance (V-T) of photodimerized TN-LCD on the PMCh surface for 1 min using the new photodimerization method was observed. The voltage-holding ratio (VHR) of the photodimerized TN-LCD on the PMCh surface using the new photodimerization method is higher than that of the conventional photodimerization method. We suggest that the new photodimerization method for LC aligning is the most promising rubbing-free technique.


According to researches conducted in the field of industrial psychology, the physical conditions of a work environment highly affect the mental health of employees. Therefore, the appropriate physical conditions in the work environment will lead to improved productivity and enhanced quality in employees' work. Since providing appropriate physical conditions need to spend a lot of energy and fuel, thus the use of technology in order to save energy consumption is of great importance. Among the applications of modern technologies in the field of energy consumption management, smartization of buildings can be mentioned. Smartization of buildings or use of building management systems (BMS), by commanding different components of a building to do their functions in optimum conditions, reduces unwanted consumptions while providing a pleasant and safe environment. To answer this question that how smart office buildings affect the performance and efficiency of its staff, this article deals with investigating and introducing the physical features and indicators of a suitable work environment. Then, the performance of each component of smart buildings in creating the physical comfort of the environment is introduced.


Introduction: Determining distribution of war injuries and the related mechanisms could provide attitudes in order to lower risks and expenses of war injuries as well as mortality. Ear injuries are of a high importance among battle-related injuries because of their dramatic impressions on quality of life of militants. So we aimed to determine the mechanism and type of ear injuries among Iranian veterans during Iraq-Iran war. Methods: In this cross-sectional study 207 cases of Iranian veterans with ear injuries during the Iraq-Iran war have been evaluated retrospectively between June and September 2016. We included veterans with ear injuries in association or absence of other organs injuries, randomly. Frequency and mechanism of injuries were recorded as well as chief complaints of patients. Mean, standard deviation and percentages were determined by descriptive analysis. Results: Eventually 207 male veterans with mean age of 52.18±5.28 years were included in the study. Mean duration of war participation was 2.60±1.91 months. Shock wave was the most prevalent mechanism of injury with 202(97.6%) cases followed by direct bullet injury 3(1.4%) and blast injury (0.5%). Decreased hearing and vertigo were the most common (83%) chief complaint of patients followed by decreased hearing alone (56%) and tinnitus (2.9%). Conclusion: Our findings showed that decreased hearing is the most prevalent pathology among Iranian veterans with ear injuries during Iraq-Iran war. Tinnitus did not comprise a remarkable part of chief complaints. Also we found that shock wave is the most prevalent mechanism of ear injury.


May Macgeorge with two dogs, sitting on the steps on the south side of the Macgeorge s home Fairyhills in Ivanhoe. May Ina Hepburn was born in 1882, the granddaughter of pioneering pastoralist Capt. John Stuart Hepburn of Smeaton, Victoria. In January 1911 she married Norman Macgeorge, a painter, art educator and art reviewer. In the same year, the Macgeorges engaged Harold Desbrowe-Annear to design them their house at the junction of the Yarra River and Darebin Creek, Ivanhoe, where they lived for the rest of their lives. May died in 1970.
Inscription: "May Macgeorge at Fairy Hills" written in pencil on the back of the photograph
Previous Control Number: UMA/I/3934
Previous Control Number: BWP/12270


The history of religions, in all the different civilizations, bears witness to people who testify having know God by experience. Moving from this assumption, many people believe it is possible to develop a sort of experimental demonstration of God's existence. With this essay the author provides a fundamental contribution to this issue, underlining the difference between mysticism and contemplation, and analysing in depth the integral significance of the experience and the structure of the mystical language.


Reality is oen quite different. Deforestation and forest degradation have altered many of the world's tropical forest landscapes to such a degree that—according to a report by Bryant et al. ()—only  of remaining forest cover, or  of original forest cover, in the tropics is still found in large, contiguous tracts. e same report lists eight  producer countries (and most  consumer countries) in which virtually all the forest estate is in fragmented, modified blocks.


The general purpose of this article was to analyze the constancy of the water potential term (Hf) in the Green and Ampt (GA however, this parameter changed with time in FINDIT-G&A and the Skaggs method. The Hf parameter (negative) never decreased but always increased with time, stabilizing at approximately 70% of its initial value when flow volumes matched those of FINDIT. This trend occurred regardless of initial and boundary conditions or properties of the soil. The maximum change in the cumulative flow with G&A was on average about five percent when Hf was held constant compared to a time-dependent Hf.


A well-known result in Reverse Mathematics is the equivalence of the formalized version of the Godel completeness theorem [8] – i.e. every countable, consistent set of first-order sentences has a model – and Weak Konig's Lemma [WKL] – i.e. every infinite tree of 0-1 sequences contains an infinite path– over the base theory RCA0. It is less well known how the Completeness Theorem came to be studied in the setting of second-order arithmetic and computability theory. The first goal of this note will be to recount these developments against the backdrop of the latter phases of the Hilbert program, culminating in the publication of the second volume of Hilbert and Bernays's [13] Grundlagen der Mathematiks in 1939. This work contains a detailed formalization of the Completeness Theorem in a system similar to first-order Peano arithmetic [PA] – a result which has come to be known as the Arithmetized Completeness Theorem. Its second goal will be to illustrate how reflection on this result informed Bernays's views about the philosophy of mathematics, in particular in regard to his engagement with the maxim "consistency implies existence".


A number of novel quinolone derivatives have been recentlyreported to posses in vitro and in vivo anti mycobacterial and DNA gyrase inhibition activities. It is known that mycobacteria expressing resistance to both isoniazid and rifampin (multi-drug resistant, MDR) is sensible to fluoroquinolones. Ciprofloxacin,oxfloxacin, moxifloxacin and levofloxacin are increasingly used for the treatment of tuberculosis, because they inhibit thetopoisomerases II (DNA gyrases) and IV, essential enzymes to maintain the supercoils in bacterial DNA. It has been demonstrated that complex mutations in DNA gyrase GyrA 2 GyrB 2 associated with quinolone resistance or hypersusceptibility take place in several MDR clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis . In this article we report the anti mycobacterial properties, mode of action and structure activity relationship (SAR) studies of the known quinolone derivatives. Furthermore, we report the synthesis and activity of 3,9 disubstituted-6-oxo-6,9-dihydro- 3H -[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5- h ]quinolone carboxylic acids and their esters as a new class of potent anti mycobacterial agents. The triazoloquinolone derivatives are particularly interesting for their activity against MDR M. tuberculosis .


Lung ultrasound (LUS) imaging can be highly sensitive to disease. However, lung imaging depends on reverberation that occurs at the lung interface, which is complex and upends the conventional time-space relationship in delay-and-sum beamforming resulting in images that require the interpretation of artifacts. Establishing a clear link between ultrasound images and underlying alveolar or fibrotic state of the lung could improve the diagnostic accuracy and clinical deployment of lung ultrasound and potentially establish LUS as a gold-standard imaging modality. Here, it is shown how histology-derived acoustical maps of the lung, Visible Human maps of the abdomen, and Fullwave simulations of ultrasound propagation can accurately model the multiple scattering physics at the lung interface. Lung B-mode images are generated based on the first principles of propagation and multiple scattering and they are compared to clinical imaging. In silico modifications of the aeration/porosity and the fluid-to-tissue ratio in the lung parenchyma are related to the corresponding changes in B-mode images. Additionally, the patterns of superficial/subpleural air inclusions were analyzed and mapped to corresponding B-mode image markers (white lung, single and multiple B-lines, A-lines). This establishes a validated framework for quantitative imaging of lung disease and the development of LUS-specific beamforming.


"in Just-" is one of the best-written poems by American modernism poet e. e. cummings. "in Just-" helps the reader visually see the transformation from reality to illusion and aurally hear the conversion of time and space, and it illustrates its unique visual and aural effects to further the theme of spring. This paper attempts to analyze the linguistic and typographical aspects of this visual poem "in Just-" from the perspective of multimodal discourse analysis, which is developed from the theoretical framework of Halliday's functional linguistics. The aim of the study is to explore possibilities of analyzing and interpreting e. e. cummings' or other authors' visual poems.


Boron is one of the most commonly used p‐type dopant in silicon. We found that boron in crystalline silicon does not have identical distribution in depth profile between front side and rear side SIMS analysis. Comparing boron profiles of both analyses, different distributions can be seen at the depth in a few hundreds of nanometers from the surface side. Additionally, we continued analysis to investigate the behavior of boron in homogenously boron‐doped sample, such as p‐type silicon substrate. The result showed that distortion arises at the surface side during analysis and consequently nonuniform distribution was obtained. From the results, we estimate that boron should be redistributed during usual SIMS analysis, and study various analytical conditions in order to suppress such phenomenon. In this study, entire experiments were carried out by CAMECA ims 6f and 7f instruments, known as magnetic sector SIMS. Several ion‐implanted samples having different conditions are prepared for the analyses.


Formula (I), methods of treating disorders by administering a compound of (II), (III) and heterocyclic compounds and the formula (IV) (I), (II), (III) and (IV) It described herein. Examples of disorders include neoplastic disorders, adipocytes related disorders, neurodegenerative disorders and metabolic disorders. The present invention is substituted heterocyclic compounds, compositions comprising the compounds, and to methods of using the compounds and compound compositions. The compounds and compositions comprising them sirtuin, e.g. useful for treating the symptoms of the disease or diseases including those mediated by deacetylation of SIRT1-mediated.


This paper explores the issues of knowledge and organizational coordination that stem from the adoption of modular product architectures. Modularity is a common characteristic of the products we have studied: aircraft engines and chemical plants. In contrast to much current research on product and organizational design, we argue that knowledge and organizational coordination cannot be achieved by relying only on automatic mechanisms enabled by the modular product architectures. Rather, the achievement of knowledge and organizational coordination demands interactive management of the actors and activities involved. This coordination role is played by companies that we define as "systems integrators". We contend that achieving knowledge coordination demands that systems integrators be able to span capabilities over a range of technological fields that is wider than the range of activities that they actually perform in-house. Copyright 2001 by Oxford University Press.


This paper introduces diffusion into an immunosuppressive infection model with virus stimulation delay and Beddington-DeAngelis functional response. First, we study the stability of positive constant steady state solution and show that the Hopf bifurcation will exist under certain conditions. Second, we derive the normal form of the Hopf bifurcation for the model reduced on the center manifold by using the multiple time scales (MTS) method. Moreover, the direction and stability of the bifurcating periodic solution are investigated. Finally, we present numerical simulations to verify the results of theoretical analysis and provide corresponding biological explanations.


Information society evolved from the development of mass communication. TV, radio, newspaper, to mention some have played a great role in teaching the society to be information literat. Although there is a reciprocal influence between the society and the mass communication, both take merits each other in which the society learn from the mass communication while the mass communication develops from the social change. In the following topics, the author will discuss this subject from various perspectives.


Supply chain (SC) is an operational research (OR) approach and technique which acts as catalyst within central nervous system of business today. Without SC, any type of business is at doldrums, hence entropy. SC is the lifeblood of business today because it is the pivotal hub which provides imperative competitive advantage. The paper present a conceptual framework dubbed as Homomorphic Conceptual Framework for Effective Supply Chain Strategy (HCEFSC).The term Homomorphic is derived from abstract algebraic mathematical term homomorphism (same shape) which also embeds the following mathematical application sets: monomorphisms, isomorphism, automorphisms, and endomorphism. The HCFESC is intertwined and integrated with wide and broad sets of elements. Keywords—Automorphisms, Homomorphism, Monomorphisms, Supply Chain


Due to the health consequences of lead exposure, as well as to the introduction of catalytic converters, many countries have reduced or eliminated use of lead additives in motor gasolines. But in many other countries, leaded gasoline remains the norm. In these countries there is often confusion about the health significance of2,asoline lead, the ability of cars to use unleaded gasoline, and the costs of unleaded gasoline. This chapter shows that leaded gasoline is a major source of human lead exposure. All cars, with or without catalytic


Abstract: It is clear how important is the measure of Economic Value-Added and preference that this measure has over traditional performance measures. This measure is based on creating value for the company, and this measure is distinguished by taking into account invested capital, whether owned or borrowed. In addition, studies have shown that the measure of Economic Value Added increases the performance of the company and the performance of the management working. This measure affects the market value of the company and its use leads to maximizing the wealth of shareholders, and like all performance measures he has supporters and has critics. One of the criticisms directed against him is that he measures performance on the short level, as he cares about results, not causes, and the most important criticism directed at him is his dependence on accounting profit in the financial statements whether these statements represent the actual performance of the company or not. Keywords: Economic Value Added, Profit Indicator, Financial Management


Background: The central serotonergic system originating from the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) plays a critical role in anxiety and trauma-related disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder. Although many studies have investigated the role of serotonin (5-HT) within pro-fear brain regions such as the amygdala, the majority of these studies have utilized non-selective pharmacological approaches or poorly understood lesioning techniques which limit their interpretation. Aim: Here we investigated the role of amygdala-projecting 5-HT neurons in the DR in innate anxiety and conditioned fear behaviors. Methods: To achieve this goal, we utilized (1) selective lesion of 5-HT neurons projecting to the amygdala with saporin toxin conjugated to anti-serotonin transporter (SERT) injected into the amygdala, and (2) optogenetic excitation of amygdala-projecting DR cell bodies with a combination of a retrogradely transported canine adenovirus-expressing Cre-recombinase injected into the amygdala and a Cre-dependent-channelrhodopsin injected into the DR. Results: While saporin treatment lesioned both local amygdalar 5-HT fibers and neurons in the DR as well as reduced conditioned fear behavior, optical activation of amygdala-projecting DR neurons enhanced anxious behavior and conditioned fear response. Conclusion: Collectively, these studies support the hypothesis that amygdala-projecting 5-HT neurons in the DR represent an anxiety and fear-on network.


Objective:To investigate the treatment of naloxone and Breviscapine vertebrobasilar insufficiency due to vertigo effect. Methods:86 patients with clinical diagnosis standards vertebrobasilar insufficiency caused by the stun information.A joint subgroup (44 cases)and the control group(42 cases)on the effect of the two groups were compared.Results:The response rate was 93.2 percent,significantly higher than 78.6 percent difference between the two groups had a significant(P0.05).Conclusion :The treatment of vertebrobasilar insufficiency due to vertigo good effect.


This study evaluated the impact of the Work and Gain Economic Self-Sufficiency (WAGES) Program on public transportation in Florida. An earlier study collected baseline information on the transportation service options provided by the local WAGES Coalitions. The current research included an update of that information. It was found that the impact of the WAGES Program on public transportation is spotty. In some areas, transit agencies and commuter assistance programs have taken the lead, working directly with WAGES customers and employers to provide transportation. In others, however, there are no leaders. While this is true in many rural areas, instances also were found in urban areas. There was no general pattern of success. Geography, after lack of coordination, was the second most frequent barrier. It could not be determined if funding is an issue. While several Coalitions reported that transportation costs were expensive, statewide funds are available. Many Coalitions may have to return unspent funds to the state. Estimates of the number of persons needing employment transportation and associated costs were calculated, and sources of funding were identified. Finally, examples of innovative transportation solutions from across the country are provided.


This paper presents a data-driven method of parameter identification in nonlinear systems based on the theories of symbolic dynamics. Although construction of finite-state-machine models from symbol sequences has been widely reported, similar efforts have not been expended to investigate partitioning of time series data to optimally generate symbol sequences. A data-set partitioning procedure is proposed to extract features from time series data by optimizing a multi-objective cost functional. Performance of the optimal partitioning procedure is compared with those of other traditional partitioning (e.g., uniform and maximum entropy) schemes. Then, tools of pattern classification are applied to identify the ranges of multiple parameters of a well-known chaotic nonlinear dynamical system, namely the Duffing Equation, from its time series response.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


The subject of this paper deals with two inscribed limestone private stelae and an offering table from the New Kingdom. They have been excavated in the eastern side of Heliopolis and are now stored in the magazine of the Egyptian Antiquities Organisation at El-Matariyah/'Ain Shams.