The purpose of this paper is a multifaceted theoretical and legal analysis of the issue of determining the tax capacity of entrepreneurs in income taxes so as to be able to assess the adequacy of the rules in this area for the proper implementation of this concept. The research hypothesis assumes that these rules currently in force, to a large extent, do not ensure proper implementation of the concept of tax capacity, especially in the conditions of the digitalized and globalized economy, but also in times of progressive development of instruments to counteract not only tax evasion but also tax avoidance. Therefore, it is necessary to change them in many aspects. The research was carried out using a dogmatic and comparative legal method, taking into account in particular the provisions of domestic, foreign and EU laws, the body of domestic and foreign tax law literature, court rulings and proposals for new tax and legal solutions put forward on the EU and international forum. The analysis took into account the essence of the tax capacity concept and closely related tax principles, as well as the functions of taxes, both in the national and international context. The results of the research is the formulation of some conclusions as to the desirable guidelines for determining the rules for measuring the tax capacity of entrepreneurs in income taxes, which should be related to the fundamental concept of tax capacity and the principles of equity and neutrality of taxation. Currently, these principles are violated in many national, as well as international aspects, i.a. by deviating from the criteria of income as an indicator of tax capacity. In this context a very important distinction should be made between situations where the abandoning of the determination of income of entrepreneurs is justified by the pursuit of a fair distribution of the tax burden (as, e.g., in case of so-called digital tax) and situations when it results from the desire to achieve certain non-fiscal goals. In such a case, any variation in those rules must be assessed on a case-by-case basis as to whether it is justified. In spite of the fact that potential justification may be the desire to achieve, in the context of the intervention function, a certain economic (social or other) policy objective, which requires an in-depth analysis in view of the potential infringement of the neutrality and equity principles that may result from that differentiation. On the other hand, in the former case, even temporarily – especially in the international aspect – until international solutions are worked out, it may even be indispensable to differentiate the rules for determining the tax capacity of entrepreneurs (e.g. abandoning the criterion of income in favor of revenue in digital tax) precisely in order to ensure fair and neutral taxation. In this context, it is worth noting that some of the problems underlying these different approaches may be solved by a comprehensive reform of the rules for determining the tax capacity of entrepreneurs, to be developed both internationally within the OECD and in the EU within BEFIT. It should also not be underestimated that in these projects the fundamental categories and concepts are those of balance sheet law, including in particular the proposed adoption of the concept of adjusted financial result for the purposes of determining the tax result. Taking into account this issue and also in a view of the increasing development of general tax law norms aimed at minimizing the phenomena of tax avoidance and optimization, it seems worth considering an increasing possibility that the tax capacity of entrepreneurs should be determined by its natural measure, i.e. the financial result of their business activity.


The points made in the following address concerning the relationship between student personnel workers and faculty at the university level are of pertinence also in the secondary school. Dean Darley agreed with this suggestion and regretted lack of time to develop this issue in the body of the article. -Ed.


AIM:Anaemia caused by acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding is treated with blood transfusion or iron, but patients usually face a two-month recovery period from post-haemorrhage anaemia. This prospective, randomised, open,pilot study was designed to investigate whether recombinant human erythropoietin (Epoetin) therapy accelerate haematocrit increase in the post-bleeding recovery period.METHODS:We studied hospitalised patients admitted because of acute ulcer bleeding or haemorrhagic gastritis,who had a haematocrit of 27-33% and did not receive blood transfusions.One day alter the endoscopic confirmation of cessation of bleeding, they were randomised either to erythropoietin (20000 IU Epoetin alfa subcutaneously, on days 0, 4 and 6) plus iron (100mg im, on days 1-6, (G1) or iron only (G2). Haematocrit was measured on days 0, 6, 14,30, 45, and 60, respectively.R.ESULTS: One patient from G1 and two from G2 were lost to follow-up. Therefore, 14 and 13 patients from G1 and G2 respectively were analysed. Demographic characteristics, serum iron, ferritin, total iron binding capacity, reticulocytes, and haematocrit were not significantly different at entry to the study.Median reticulocyte counts were significantly different between groups on day six (G1: 4.0,3.0-6.4 vs G2:3.5,2.1-4.4%,P=0.03) and median haematocrit on day fourteen [G1:35.9,30.7-41.0 vs G2:32.5,29.5-37.0% (median, range), P=0.04].CONCLUSION:Erythropoietin administration significantly accelerates correction of anemia alter acute ulcer bleeding.The haematocrit gain is equivalent to one unit of transfused blood two weeks alter the bleeding episode.


The objective of this study was to investigate if prolonged training at moderate altitude leads to complete acclimatization of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and if physical activity at this altitude promotes additional skeletal muscle adaption. VO2max and biochemical analysis in biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle were determined in nine moderately trained endurance athletes (A) and six inactive control subjects (C) during 6 weeks altitude training at 2800 m. VO2max was decreased after 1 day of altitude exposure compared with baseline values at 670 m in A (44.4 ± 4.2 ml·kg−1·min−1 vs. 50.1 ± 4.1, p ≤ 0.01) and C (38.7 ± 5.0 ml·kg−1·min−1 vs. 42.1 ± 4.6, p ≤ 0.05), and was completely restored after 44 days at altitude in both groups (A, 50.0 ± 5.7 ml·kg−1·min−1; C, 42.8 ± 5.1). Upon return from altitude, VO2max increased as compared to the baseline values in A (55.4 ± 6.3 ml·kg−1·min−1, p ≤ 0.001), and C (44.7 ± 5.4, ml·kg−1·min−1, p ≤ 0.001). Muscle buffer capacity was increased after altitude exposure in both groups with no differences between the groups (A, p ≤ 0.01; C, p = 0.06; altitude vs. baseline values), whereas the activity of the mitochondrial enzymes citrate synthase and 3‐hydroxyl‐CoA‐dehydrogenase remained unchanged. In conclusion, VO2max was restored to baseline values after 6 weeks at 2800 m and muscle buffer capacity was improved in both moderately trained athletes and in inactive controls, suggesting that exercise does not affect the acclimatization process.


1. Introduction. Engineering and Mathematics. Learning Mathematics. Fundamental Concepts. Units. 2. Vectors. Scalars and Vectors. Rules for Manipulating Vectors. Cartesian Components. Components in Two Dimensions. Components in Three Dimensions. Products of Vectors. Dot Products. Cross Products. Mixed Triple Products. 3. Forces. Types of Forces. Equilibrium and Free-Body Diagrams. Two-Dimensional Force Systems. Three-Dimensional Force Systems. 4. Systems of Forces and Moments. Two-Dimensional Description of the Moment. The Moment Vector. Moment of a Force About a Line. Couples. Equivalent Systems. Representing Systems by Equivalent Systems. 5. Objects in Equilibrium. The Equilibrium Equations. Two-Dimensional Applications. Statically Indeterminate Objects. Three-Dimensional Applications. Two-Force and Three-Force Members. 6. Structures in Equilibrium. Trusses. The Method of Joints. The Method of Sections. Frames and Machines. 7. Centroids and Moments of Inertia. Centroids. Centroids of Areas. Centroids of Composite Areas. Distributed Loads. Centroids of Volumes and Lines. Centers of Mass. Centers of Mass of Composite Objects. Moments of Inertia of Areas. Parallel-Axis Theorems. 8. Friction. Theory of Dry Friction. Applications. 9. Measures of Stress and Strain. Stresses. Strains. 10. Axially Loaded Bars. Stresses in Prismatic Bars. Strains in Prismatic Bars. Statically Indeterminate Problems. Nonprismatic Bars and Distributed Loads. Thermal Strains. Material Behavior. Design Issues. 11. Torsion. Pure Shear Stress. Torsion of Prismatic Circular Bars. Statically Indeterminate Problems. Nonprismatic Bars and Distributed Loads. 12. States of Stress. Components of Stress. Transformations of Plane Stress. Mohr's Circle for Plane Stress. Principle Stresses in Three Dimensions. Design Issues: Pressure Vessels. 13. States of Strain and the Stress-Strain Relations. Components of Strain. Transformations of Plane Strain. Stress-Strain Relations. 14. Internal Forces and Moments in Beams. Axial Force, Shear Force, and Bending Moment. Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams. Equations Relating distributed Load, Shear force, and Bending Moment. 15. Stresses in Beams. Normal Stress. Shear Stress. 16. Deflections of Beams. Determination of the Deflection. Statically Indeterminate Beams. Method of Superposition. 17. Buckling of Columns. Euler Buckling Load. Other End Conditions. Appendix A: Review of Mathematics. Algebra. Trigonometry. Derivatives. Integrals. Taylor Series. Vector Analysis. Appendix B: Properties of Areas and Lines. Areas. Lines. Appendix C: Properties of Volumes and Homogeneous Objects. Appendix D: Material Properties. Appendix E: Deflections and Slopes of Prismatic Beams. Answers to Even-Numbered Problems. Index.


R eference service using electronic mail has been around for a while in academic li braries. The chatter on electronic discu groups and in meetings at ALA suggests, how ever, that it is not thriving. No one describes "heavy" use of such a service and yet some libraries decide against initiating the service because of a fear that they will not be able to handle the volume. An assistant director of a large research library asked colleagues at a re cent ALA meeting if other libraries had taken this "leap into the future" having just discov ered, she reported, that one of the libraries under her supervision had begun to offer the service without requesting her approval. She was worried. She need not have been. At Indiana Uni versity in Bloomington, Indiana, we began of fering this service in 1987 as part of the librar ies' com ponent of an electronic "Academic Information Environment."1 It appears from what may be gathered informally that its use is, while not heavy, at least heavier than that of other academic libraries that speak of their experi ence. From May through July 1991 (a quieter time of year) the Main Library Reference Department was contacted over electronic mail by 51 differ ent users and had a volume of 330 questions and replies. Twenty-one of those users were faculty members, 14 w ere graduate students, 15 were staff members, and one was an under graduate. One graduate student who maintained his computing account had moved to Wash ington State and contacted us from there; he s intended to continue to use our services from his new location. He felt it was still the most convenient option available. The greatest num ber of inquiries concerned addresses, phone numbers, prices, and incom plete citations (in various languages). Another group sought factual information; one associ sioante instructor uses the service to double check "facts" cited in undergraduate papers. Some sought a "start" on a larger research problem. Very rare in our experience is the "inappropri ate" question—too large or too vague.


It remains to be ascertained whether sub-Neptune exoplanets primarily possess hydrogen-rich atmospheres or whether a population of H2O-rich water worlds lurks in their midst. Addressing this question requires improved modeling of water-rich exoplanetary atmospheres, both to predict and interpret spectroscopic observations and to serve as upper boundary conditions on interior structure calculations. Here, we present new models of hydrogen-helium-water atmospheres with water abundances ranging from solar to 100% water vapor. We improve upon previous models of high-water-content atmospheres by incorporating updated prescriptions for water self-broadening and a nonideal gas equation of state. Our model grid (https://umd.box.com/v/water-worlds) includes temperature–pressure profiles in radiative-convective equilibrium, along with their associated transmission and thermal emission spectra. We find that our model updates primarily act at high pressures, significantly impacting bottom-of-atmosphere temperatures, with implications for the accuracy of interior structure calculations. Upper-atmosphere conditions and spectroscopic observables are less impacted by our model updates, and we find that, under most conditions, retrieval codes built for hot Jupiters should also perform well on water-rich planets. We additionally quantify the observational degeneracies among both thermal emission and transmission spectra. We recover standard degeneracies with clouds and mean molecular weight for transmission spectra, and we find thermal emission spectra to be more readily distinguishable from one another in the water-poor (i.e., near-solar) regime.


I. Jacob C. Broger M, Brunner FP et al. Combined report on regular dialysis and transplantation in Europe, XI. 1980. Proc EDTA 1981;18:4 -58. 2. Slingeneyer A, Mion C, Beraud II et al. Peritonitis, a frequent lethal complication of intermittent and continuous peritoneal dialysis. Proc EDTA 1981; 18:212-221. 3. Oreopoulos DG. Williams P. Khanna R, Vas S. Treatment of peritonitis. PeritDiaIBuII1981;Suppll:SI7-S22. nephrosis of the left kidney and amyloidosis of the right kidney, which led to end-stage renal disease. CAPD was commenced in October 1980, Initially she made good progress and remained well until July 1981. At this tiIIIe she was admitted with cloudy dialysis fluid and clinical signs of peritonitis. She was pyrexic and hypotensive and one of the sinuses over the lumbar spine produced a purulent discharge. Staphylococcus aureus of phage type 29 was cultured fro III the sinus discharge and from the dialysis fluid. The organism was sensitive to cloxacillin and cephalosporins. Despite antibiotic therapy consisting of flucloxacillin, cefuroxime and fucidic acid and intensive medical care including mechanical ventilation, the patient rapidly deteriorated and died in septicemic shock within 48 hours of admission. At postmortem examination, the paravertebral tissues harbored a racemose system of sinuses and abscesses, which had spread to the retroperitoneal space around the left kidney. There were scattered pyemic abscesses in the lungs, the liver showed the changes of perivenular necrosis and there was widespread amyloid deposition in the kidneys, adrenals, thyroid, liver, rectum and spleen. Culture of the pulmonary and retroperitoneal abscesses grew staphylococcus aureus , phage type 29.


The motion of a circular cylinder in a fluid in the presence of circulation and external periodic force and torque is studied. It is shown that for a suitable choice of the frequency of external action for motion in an ideal fluid the translational velocity components of the body undergo oscillations with increasing amplitude due to resonance. During motion in a viscous fluid no resonance arises. Explicit integration of the equations of motion has shown that the unbounded propulsion of the body in a viscous fluid is impossible in the absence of external torque. In the general case, the solution of the equations is represented in the form of a multiple series.


Recent studies at the nanometer scale have revealed that relatively uniform clusters of adhesion proteins (50–100 nm) constitute the modular units of cell adhesion sites in both cell‐matrix and cell‐cell adhesions. Super resolution microscopy and membrane protein diffusion studies both suggest that even large focal adhesions are formed of 100 nm clusters that are loosely aggregated. Clusters of 20–50 adhesion molecules (integrins or cadherins) can support large forces through avidity binding interactions but can also be disassembled or endocytosed rapidly. Assembly of the clusters of integrins is force‐independent and involves gathering integrins at ligand binding sites where they are stabilized by cytoplasmic adhesion proteins that crosslink the integrin cytoplasmic tails plus connect the clusters to the cell cytoskeleton. Cooperative‐signaling events can occur in a single cluster without cascading to other clusters. Thus, the clusters appear to be very important elements in many cellular processes and can be considered as a critical functional module.


With an online presence now paramount, many libraries, archives and museums have created, or are looking to create, a social media policy; one that will dictate an accepted level of interaction and outline how practitioners within these cultural heritage institutions use social media. But is the use of social media policy in direct defiance of the purpose of social media? And more importantly, is it practical for cultural heritage institutions to have one? This paper aims to answer these questions by reporting on the results of a study into the social media policy experiences of practitioners at the State Library of Queensland, Queensland State Archives and Queensland Museum. Findings from this study indicate that it is practical for cultural heritage institutions to have a social media policy if it inspires confidence, empowers practitioners, and encourages them to use social media.


Mitochondrial dynamics are central to the pathophysiology of cellular damage and inflammatory responses. In the context of solid organ transplantation, mitochondria are implicated in immune activation in donor organs that occurs after brain death, as they are critical to the regulation of cellular stress response, cell death, and display energetic adaptations through the adjustment of respiratory capacity depending on the cellular milieu. Mitochondrial damage activates mitochondrial systems of fission, fusion, biogenesis, and mitochondrial autophagy, or mitophagy. The mechanistic pathways as well as therapies targeting mitochondrial physiology have been studied as plausible ways to mitigate the negative effects of brain death on donor organs, though there is no summative evaluation of the multiple efforts across the field. This mini-review aims to discuss the interplay of donor brain death, mitochondrial dynamics, and impact on allograft function as it pertains to heart, lung, liver, and kidney transplants.


Considerable research work is being pursued on the theoretical and practical aspects of agriculture in the different countries of the world and results of practical importance are getting accumulated from year to year. Only careful study of individual problems can how- ever reveal to what extent the results would be of practical applicability for the improvement of the crop concerned. Systematic long-range applied research on coconut is of recent origin. Copeland has, in his well-known book, described the work done in the Philippines on the physiology of coconut in the earlier years. The four coconut Research Stations in the Madras State have contributed much valuable information on the development of the crop. A research Scheme on coconut was initiated in Ceylon in 1933. In 1929 the Department of Agriculture, Straits settlements and Federated Malaya States started research on Coconut products. Entomological work in Fiji has provided good examples of biological control. Research Stations in Indonesia carried out much work on coconut palms.


Many cancers harbour homologous recombination defect (HRD), the therapeutic target being successfully applied in treating breast/ovarian cancer via synthetic lethality. However, canonical HRD caused by BRCAness mutations is not explicit in liver cancer. Here we report a subtype of HRD caused by the perturbation of a proteasome variant (CDW19S) in hepatitis B virus (HBV) bearing cells. This amalgamate protein complex contained the 19S proteasome decorated with CRL4WDR70 ubiquitin ligase, and assembled at broken chromatin in a PSMD4Rpn10 and ATM- MDC1-RNF8 dependent manner. CDW19S promoted DNA end processing via segregated modules that promote nuclease activities of MRE11 and EXO1. Contrarily, a proteasomal component, ADRM1Rpn13, inhibited resection and was removed by CRL4WDR70-catalysed ubiquitination upon commitment of extensive resection. HBx interfered with ADRM1Rpn13 degradation, leading to the imposition of ADRM1Rpn13-dependent resection barrier and consequent viral HRD subtype distinguishable from that caused by BRCA1 defect. Finally, we demonstrated that viral HRD in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBVHCC) can be exploited to restrict tumor progression. Our work clarifies the underlying mechanism of a viral-induced HRD subtype.


Objective:To estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) ratio with the stated preference data and compare the results obtained between chronic prostatitis (CP) patients and general population (GP). Methods:WTP per QALY was calculated with the subjects' own health-related utility and the WTP value. Two widely used preference-based health-related quality of life instruments, EuroQol (EQ-5D) and Short Form 6D (SF-6D), were used to elicit utility for participants' own health. The monthly WTP values for moving from participants' current health to a perfect health were elicited using closed-ended iterative bidding contingent valuation method. Results:A total of 268 CP patients and 364 participants from GP completed the questionnaire. We obtained 4 WTP/QALY ratios ranging from $4700 to $7400, which is close to the lower bound of local gross domestic product per capita, a threshold proposed by World Health Organization. Nevertheless, these values were lower than other proposed thresholds and published empirical researches on diseases with mortality risk. Furthermore, the WTP/QALY ratios from the GP were significantly lower than those from the CP patients, and different determinants were associated with the within group variation identified by multiple linear regression. Conclusions:Preference elicitation methods are acceptable and feasible in the socio-cultural context of an Asian environment and the calculation of WTP/QALY ratio produced meaningful answers. The necessity of considering the QALY type or disease-specific QALY in estimating WTP/QALY ratio was highlighted and 1 to 3 times of gross domestic product/capita recommended by World Health Organization could potentially serve as a benchmark for threshold in this Asian context.


The design of a three-channel driver/receiver chip is discussed. The electrical characteristics of the chip meet the requirements for one class of standard interface. The chip features differential current-mode drivers and differential receivers, and is designed in a 6-GHz/1.0- mu m BiFET process. Design techniques used to meet the requirements of the interface specification while remaining within limitations imposed by technology and economic factors are discussed. Results obtained with the chip are presented.<<ETX>>


Abstract. A new genus, Andrewsena Smith, gen. nov., containing two new species: Andrewsena limpidistigma Smith, sp. nov. and Andrewsena crena Smith, sp. nov., is added to the family Ammoplanidae in the order Hymenoptera. An updated key to the genera of North American Ammoplanidae and a key to the species of Andrewsena are included.


The utility model relates to a submersible electric pump which belongs to the drainage and irrigation equipment, comprising an electrode and a water pump. The lower part of a motor is provided with the water pump, and the water pump is connected with the motor by a C screw. The motor adopts a shaft provided with a rotor and supported by a bearing arranged on an upper and a lower bearing seats which are arranged on a casing made of a thin plate. The stator of the motor is fixed by an upper and a lower linings. An end press plate which is clamped by a clamping spring is arranged above the upper bearing seat. The end press plate is provided with an A screw, and an external cover is fixed on the end press plate by a B screw. The utility model which has the advantages of simple structure, convenient manufacture, light weight, good heat dissipation, and long service life is suitable for the drainage and irrigation of various occasions.


The response of upper ocean to the tropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific during 2001—2004 was discussed and analyzed using the data from Argo profiling floats. The results showed that after tropical cyclones passing, about 55.6% of the profiles showed deepening of the mixed layer depth (MLD) with a scope between 0—60m, which became more obvious within five days after the cyclones passing. Induced by strong turbulent mixing, the mixed layer temperature (MLT) at 77.8% of the observed profiles decreased, by 5℃ at the most; the mixed layer salinity (MLS) also decreased by 0.12 on average at 61.1% of the observed profiles. The estimated surface velocity increased at 54% of the observed profiles, with an average increment of 30 cm·s -1, presenting a positive correlation to wind speed, with a correlation coefficient of 0.06. The change of MLT showed a negative correlation to wind speed, with a correlation coefficient of -0.15. The temperature decrease indicated a rightward bias, especially at the location 50—150km to the right of the cyclone tracks; while the change of MLS almost had the symmetrical distribution on the two sides of the tracks. The MLD deepened more distinctly on the right side of the cyclones and reached its climax in the range of 100—150km. The change of MLD was negatively correlated to the initial MLD before cyclones passing, with a correlation coefficient of -0.42.


The invention discloses an embedded real time streaming media network transmission method, which comprises the following steps of: (a), converting an audio and video analog signal into a digital signal through an audio and video acquisition interface; (b), converting the digital signal into a basic media steam through a streaming media processor; (c), converting the basic media steam into a network protocol packet data stream of which the packet format is a flash video (FLV) packet or a real time transport protocol (RTP) packet encoded by an action message format (AMF) through steaming media video server middleware; and (d), receiving the network protocol packet data stream by an Ethernet client through a network transmission protocol, namely a router table maintenance protocol (RTMP) or a real time streaming protocol (RTSP). According to the embedded real time streaming media network transmission method, the two current main streaming media real time transmission protocols, namely the RTMP and the RTSP, are supported; the embedded real time streaming media network transmission method can be used for embedded video acquisition and network transmission products in the field of safety protection monitoring; and steaming media real time transmission functions of various hardware platforms can be realized.


Background:Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is an aggressive life-saving surgical intervention for patients with malignant cerebral infarction (MCI). However, DC remains inconsistently and infrequently utilized, primarily due to enduring concern that increased survival occurs only at the cost of poor functional outcome. Our aim was to clarify the role of DC performed within 48 hours (early DC) for patients with MCI, including patients aged >60 years. Methods:We performed a meta-analysis of all available randomized controlled trials comparing early DC to best medical care for MCI. Studies were identified through literature searches of electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus. We employed a Mantel-Haenszel fixed effects model to assess treatment effect on dichotomized modified Rankin Scale (mRS) outcomes at 12 months. Results:A total of 289 patients from 6 randomized controlled trials comparing early DC to best medical care were included. Early DC resulted in an increased rate of excellent outcomes, defined as mRS ⩽2 (relative risk [RR] 2.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–7.82, p = 0.047), and favorable outcomes, defined as mRS ⩽3 (RR 2.06, 95% CI 1.25–3.40, p = 0.005). Early DC also increased the rate of survival with unfavorable outcomes, defined as mRS 4–5 (RR 3.03, 95% CI 1.98–4.65, p < 0.001). Conclusions:Early DC increases the rate of excellent outcomes, i.e., functional independence, in addition to favorable and unfavorable outcomes; however, these findings must be interpreted within the context of patients' goals of care. We have developed a clinical decision algorithm that incorporates goals of care, which may guide consideration of early DC for MCI in clinical practice.


1. Whole‐cell Ca2+ currents in cultured bovine chromaffin cells were studied using patch‐clamp electrophysiology. With Ba2+ or Ca2+ as the current carriers, two separate components of whole‐cell current could be distinguished by biophysical and pharmacological criteria. These components of Ca2+ current were different from T‐ or N‐type Ca2+ channels previously described, as they were not inactivated at a holding potential of ‐60 mV. 2. Depolarization of the cells past ‐20 mV in 10 mM‐Ba2+ activated a single component of Ca2+ current, called the 'standard' current. This current showed no detectable voltage‐dependent inactivation, but did show marked current‐dependent inactivation as steady‐state inactivation (H‐infinity) plots obtained in the presence of Ba2+ were quite different from those obtained from Ca2+. 3. In most chromaffin cells large pre‐depolarizations or repetitive depolarizations in the physiological range activated a second component of Ca2+ current called 'facilitation'. Facilitation was observed with either Ca2+ or Ba2+ as the charge carrier. Recruiting facilitation increased whole‐cell currents by an average of 60%. 4. Pre‐pulses to +120 mV lasting 200 ms completely activated facilitation. Pre‐pulses longer than 800 ms started to inactivate facilitation, while pre‐pulses longer than 2500 ms completely inactivated this component of Ca2+ current. Because only outward currents were recorded at +120 mV, it is likely that facilitation inactivated in a voltage‐dependent manner. 5. When the extracellular Ba2+ concentration was increased in the range from 2 to 90 mM activation of both facilitation and standard Ca2+ currents shifted in the depolarizing direction. In 2 mM‐Ba2+ facilitation activated at potentials 10 mV more negative than the standard component, while in 90 mM‐Ba2+, facilitation activated at a potential about 10 mV more depolarized than the standard component. Thus, the voltage sensor for the facilitation Ca2+ current appeared to sense more surface charge than did the standard Ca2+ current. 6. Tail currents measured at ‐20 and ‐30 mV in the absence of facilitation (without pre‐pulses) showed one time constant for current deactivation. Tail currents measured with both facilitation and standard currents activated showed a significantly slower deactivation rate than that seen with the standard current alone. 7. The dihydropyridine antagonist nisoldipine (1 microM) completely suppressed the facilitation Ca2+ current even when cells were held at negative holding potentials (‐80 mV). In contrast, the standard current was unaffected by 1 microM‐nisoldipine, even at depolarized holding potentials (‐20 mV).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)


The purpose of this study is to investigate both innovative firm behavior and regional innovation support system and to suggest policy implications to strengthen regional innovation system in Daegu textile industry and Gumi electronics industry of Korea. Special attention is given to the institutional and behavioral factors of regional innovation system. It highlights the importance of regional clustering (geographical proximity & networking), tacit knowledge transfer mechanism, social infrastructure, cooperation and trust. The major findings can be summarized as follows; The rate of innovation is comparatively low in Daegu textile industry and Gumi electronics industry. 31% of all contacted Daegu textile industry and 35.9% of all contacted Gumi electronics industry had developed innovative products or process within the last three years. Compared with Denmark(54%) and Austria(44%) the rate of product or process innovating firms is lower in Daegu textile industry and Gumi electronics industry. Propensity to Innovation increases with flexibility in supplier-customer relationships, with the cooperation and the level of trust. Firms with flexible relationship between supplier and customer, culture of cooperation and high trust were seen to have the highest predicted probability of innovation. Policy measures should aim at setting up the broker institution to promoting to firm`s cooperation and flexibility and to building the trust, at formulating the strategy and implementing the action plan. The broker institution can and should play an important role as a catalyst, facilitator and broker in the articulation of the regional innovation system. If regional innovation system is to be implemented successfully, the leadership of regional government and broker institution is required.


A lovely tradition started in the mid-1990's in New Zealand. Each January, the mathematics research community converges in some scenic location (with which New Zealan d abounds) and enjoys a series of first-rate lectures on some selected mathematical topic. This year the event was organized by Rod Downey and Denis Hirschfeldt of Victori a University, Wellington. The chosen topic was one that the SIGACT community holds near and dear: Computability, Complexity, and Computational Algebr a Festivities spanned eight days, with two or three lectures most mornings and evenings, an d free time in the afternoons (and all day on Wednesday) to explore marine wildlife, th e dramatic coastal landscape, and forested mountains around the small town of Kaikoura, o n the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand, north of Christchurch. It was truly one of the most enjoyable workshops that I have attended. Let me note that the organizers took pains to encourage faculty and graduate students to bring their familie s 60


Familial mediterranean fever (FMF), the most common form of hereditary auto inflammatory disorders, characterized by recurrent attacks of fever with serosal or synovial inflammation. Colchicine, the standard of care for patients with FMF, considered as safe, cheap and effective remedy in the majority of the patients for reducing both the frequency of the inflammatory episodes and the risk of developing amyloidosis. Several reports of patients with FMF being successfully treated with agents blocking IL-1 activity, initially with daily injections of the recombinant form of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), Anakinra and more recently with canakinumab which is a fully human immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody directed against IL-1β. This is a case report for an adult male patient with FMF treated successfully with canakinumab.


Estimating the risk associated with species and pathogen movements involves considerable uncertainty. One key uncertainty concerns the extent and frequency of human-mediated species and pathogen movements relative to the distribution of recipient ecosystems. Baitfish use in Ontario, Canada is one of many pathways with the potential to introduce and spread biota to beyond their current geographic range. To determine the biological risk associated with baitfish use, models were used to estimate the probability of species occurrences throughout pathway levels, from the commercial harvest level, to retail tank and angler purchases, to movement and release by the end-user (i.e., the angler). Vector activity, as the primary contributor of species movements and introductions associated with this pathway, was modeled within a spatial interaction framework that incorporated landscape structure (e.g., the distribution of angling populations, lake size and sportfish richness, and their physical separation via least-cost routing of transportation networks) to predict the extent of movement. Agent-based models of vector activity were used to relate vector movements to region-specific probability thresholds of risk activity. Model outputs were used to estimate the movement and introduction of species and


Moringa is one of the most important plants in the fight against malnutrition. Its leaves are largely used in food. This subtropical plant is a non-traditional culture for Armenia. For the first time it was cultivated in outdoor hydroponic and soil conditions in Ararat Valley. The aim of the study was to reveal the plant's cultivation possibility in the outdoor hydroponic conditions and the quantitative and qualitative efficiency of its plant raw material. The results are showing that hydroponic moringa exceeded soil variant 1.7 times in useful biomass of leaves in a count of per plant. Due to high productivity, the hydroponic moringa plants exceeded soil plants with the output of the extractive substances (1.5 times), flavonoids (1.4 times), phenolic acids (1.9 times), tannins (1.2 times), calcium (1.2 times), magnesium (2.9 times), proteins (1.5 times), and carbohydrates (1.3 times). The received results allowed assuming that the hydroponic culture is effective and perspective for moringa cultivation in Armenia.


Standards on noise and vibration assessment are continously updated to be at the same time effective and reasonably applicable to ships. In order for the Rules to be of practical use it is imperative that they identify a procedure characterized by a series of prerequisites, that are easily identification of the exciting sources and repeatability of measurements. For defining more reliable assessment standards, a better understanding of the mechanism which governs the comfort perception is also necessary. In fact, passengers determine their acceptance of a cruise ship on the basis of considerations relating essentially on their perception of comfort, and among all the different factors relating to comfort, noise and vibrations are the main topics. In this framework, this paper is focussed on the technical aspects of the ISO 6954 regulation and discusses the criteria on which it is based with the aim of promoting further improvements of the Rule.


Ann Palliat Med 2020;9(6):4394-4397 | http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/apm-20-1510 Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an arrhythmia syndrome that carries a high risk of death for sufferers. First reported by Brugada et al. in 1992, BrS is as an inherited cardiac disorder characterized by a distinct electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern. BrS mainly affects young people, with the average age at diagnosis being 40±22 years, and males (1-3), although some old and female BrS patients have also been reported (4-6). Since 1 diagnostic criteria of BrS was published in 2002, the diagnostic criteria for BrS have changed over time (7-11). BrS is currently diagnosed when ST-segment elevation showing type 1 morphology ≥2 mm in ≥1 lead among the leads V1 or V2 positioned in the 2, 3, or 4 intercostal space in 12-lead electrocardiogram, appears spontaneously or after a provocative drug test with administration of class I antiarrhythmic drugs and an assessment of the patient's clinical presentations and genetic mutations (10). Many clinical conditions, including neuromuscular diseases, electrolyte imbalance or alcohol intoxication, may elicit the ECG patterns of BrS; such cases are referred to as acquired BrS or Brugada phenocopy (12-14). Provocative pharmacological testing with class I sodium channel blockers can be used to differentiate congenital BrS from acquired BrS. Because genetic testing is recommended only for congenital BrS, acquired BrS must be ruled out before a diagnosis of true congenital BrS is made. Although some studies have reported that BrS is an inherited disorder that is mostly autosomal dominant and displays incomplete penetrance, many sporadic BrS cases have been recorded. Priori et al. reported that the overall disease penetrance in 4 small BrS families with mutations in the SCN5A gene was 16%(range, 12.5% to 50%) (15). The gene SCN5A encodes α subunits of the human major cardiac sodium channel (Nav1.5), and it was reported as the first BrS-causal gene in 1998. Defects in the genes encoding for calcium channels and potassium channels have also been linked with BrS phenotype. After two decades, variants in several susceptibility genes have been identified in Sodium Voltage-Gated Channel Alpha Subunit 5 (SCN5A), calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C (CACNA1C), calcium channel, voltage-dependent, beta 2 (CACNB2), calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit alpha2delta 1(CACNA2D1), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 like (GPD1L), sodium channel beta-1 subunit (SCN1B), sodium voltage-gated channel beta subunit 2 (SCN2B), sodium voltage-gated channel beta subunit 3 (SCN3B), potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3 (KCND3), potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 3 (KCNE3), potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 5 (KCNE5), potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 8 (KCNJ8), Sodium VoltageGated Channel Alpha Subunit 10 (SCN10A), RAN Guanine Nucleotide Release Factor (RANGRF), plakophilin-2 (PKP2), potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 2 (KCNB2), and Hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif protein 2 (HEY2), accounting for less than 30% of BrS cases (3,16,17). However, in approximately 70% of BrS patients, the genes that caused their disease are unknown. Large geographic differences have been reported, not Editorial Commentary


The influence of ion-pair intermediates on solvolytic displacement reactions is considered for cases where the observed rate constant is complex.Such complex and composite rate constants under certain conditions may show deviations from the Arrhenius temperature dependence law. The deviations will manifest themselves as "spurious" positive and/or negative heat capacities of activation, superimposed on the real heat capacity terms.The hypothesis of Albery and Robinson (1) which proposes that the heat capacity of activation for t-butyl chloride is entirely "spurious" in the sense outlined above, is critically evaluated and rejected. An alternative hypothesis that considers the heat capacity to be a manifestation of solvation effects is retained.The mechanism of the hydrolysis of both the methyl and t-butyl halides in water is discussed and the kinetic laws appropriate to each are shown to be consistent with real heat capacities of activation. The mechanism proposed differs from the classical SN1–SN2 descrip...


The Indonesian people should be proud of the diverse cultures that we have. That pride must last forever, the Indonesian people must be good at taking care of their culture. Do not expect other people to love and admire our culture, therefore we ourselves must maintain and care for our culture. The implementation of the death ritual of Mosalaki Puu (Traditional Leader Leader) is a form of respect for the ancestors of the Wolotopo indigenous people, which has been inherited from generation to generation. The results of the study found that when Mosalaki Puu (Traditional Leader Leader) died, there were several rituals carried out, namely 1) beating the gong, 2) washing the corpse, 3) bending the corpse's legs and wearing oversized clothes, 4) honoring the corpse, 5) procession of the corpse towards grave pits, and 6) burial of bodies. The meaning contained in some of the rituals of death rituals.


ABSTRACT In the present investigation, the concentration and uptake of four micronutrients (iron-Fe, zinc-Zn, copper-Cu, and manganese-Mn) in soybean (Glycine max, cv. JS 335) and wheat (Triticum durum, cv. HI 8498) crops under organic, biodynamic, and inorganic nutrient management was studied. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with seven treatments in four replications. The treatments involved different nutrient inputs, namely, organic manure (OM) (T1); biodynamic preparation (BD) (T2); OM+ panchagavya (OM+PG) (T3); OM+BD (T4); OM+PG+BD (T5); control (T6); and recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) (T7). Cattle dung manure on N equivalent basis to soybean in kharif and cattle dung manure (CDM) + vermicompost (VC) + poultry manure (PM) (1:1:1 on N equivalent basis) to wheat were applied as organic manure, whereas nutrients were supplied in the form of chemical fertilizers in RDF treatment. The results revealed that the micronutrient concentration in soybean seed under organic nutrient management registered an increment of 13–16% in Fe, 16–19% in Zn, 20–23% in Cu, and 19–25% in Mn over the treatment T7 (RDF). Similarly, an increment of 16–19% in Fe, 21–27% in Zn, 20–23% in Cu, and 20–26% in Mn content of wheat grain was also observed over RDF. The micronutrient uptake by soybean-wheat sequence was found higher under organic treatments (Fe:20–29%; Zn:13–22%; Cu:11–19%; and Mn:12–19%) as compared to RDF. The availability of Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn was increased by 30–36%, 32–45%, 5–12%, and 20–36%, respectively, under organic treatments over RDF.


If an extraordinary polarized laser beam A1 is incident on an electrically poled BaTiO3 crystal, the specular reflection A1R1 and the second surface reflection A1R2 decrease in intensity, while the phase conjugate A1* and the associated transmissions A1T1, A1T2 de velop.1 These effects can be dramatically observed with self-pumped phase conjugate oscillations, which are cross-coupled to the transmissions and reflections of an intersecting incoherent beam. A He-Ne laser beam A1 (25mw) with an angle of incidence,, enters the crystal at 2mm from one edge. A1*, A1T1, and A1T2 show regular oscillations, while A1R1 and A1R2 show oscillations, our of phase with those of A*l. If an incoherent beam A2 with ,, is put on, A*2 and A2T1 decrase in intensity and exhibit oscillaitons through beam coupling.


The demand for electrical power in the Biduk-Biduk sub-district increases in population and the use of electronic devices as primary needs and other devices that create excess power at peak loads. This greatly affects the use of less efficient fuel. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of the system on the fuel consumption of the MTU 12V 2000 G 62 engine at PT. PLN (Persero) PLTD Biduk-Biduk unit. The method of collecting data is through direct field observation by conducting interviews and clear observations and recording the facts of the data observed in the field. frequency increase to 50.20 HZ to keep the increase in usage or shock load from consumer usage. The average usage in January 2022 with a total operating hours of 161 hours on the MTU 12V 2000 G 62 engine is 0.29021 /kWH. The average percentage of fuel use in the average use of Sfc in January 2022 is 0.0989%/kWH.


Abstract Simulated annual temperature series are used to compare seven homogenization procedures. The two that employ likelihood ratio tests routinely outperform other methods in their ability to identify modest (0.33°C; 0.6 standard deviation anomaly) shifts in the mean. The percentage of imposed shifts that are detected by these methods is similar to that based on tests that rely on a priori metadata information concerning the position of potential shifts. These methods, along with a two-phase regression approach, are also best at identifying and placing multiple shifts within a single time series. Although the regression procedure is better able to detect multiple breaks that are separated by relatively short time intervals, in its published form it suffers from a higher-than-expected Type I error rate. This was also found to be a problem with a metadata-based procedure currently in operational use. The likelihood tests are strongly influenced by the presence of trends in the difference series and shor...


Postpartum blues is a mild mood disorder syndrome often ignored by postpartum mothers, families, or health workers. Postpartum blues can develop into depression and even psychosis. The incidence varies significantly in Asia, between 26-85%, whereas the incidence is around 50-70% in Indonesia. Postpartum blues also affect the interaction between the baby and the mother, especially during the first year. In mental health, collaborative practice can increase patient and health team satisfaction, reduce the duration of treatment, reduce the cost of care, reduce the incidence of suicide, and reduce outpatient visits. The study aimed to analyze the differences between the implementation of postpartum collaboration services and postpartum blues at Sewon I & Banguntapan II Primary Health Center of Bantul Regency in 2019. This study applied a comparative study with a prospective cohort approach, and the sampling technique used consecutive sampling. Data analysis employed the Wilcoxon test, Mann-Whitney, and binary regression. Wilcoxon test p=0,000 means a difference in the initial and final EPDS score reduction between the two Primary Health Centers and the postpartum blues incidence. The number of postpartum blues in Sewon I Primary Health Center reached 52 (44.83%), while in Banguntapan II, there were 45 (42.45%). Fisher exact test results pregnancy relationship p = 0.642 and history of depression p = 0.078 meaning that there was no relationship. The binary regression test of the age obtained p = 0.000 and parity p = 0.007, meaning a relationship. It can be concluded that Inter-professional Collaboration has become an effective and efficient strategy to improve the quality of services and patient health outcomes due to the increasing diversity of professions in the health sector and the increasingly complex patient problems.


This article examines the strategic performance of narratives in the healing room of a Muslim female healer in south India. Narrative performances by the healer Amma, her husband (and Sufi pir), Abba, and Amma's patients both establish and distinguish the authorities of Amma and Abba and order and heal the lives of those who come to this healing crossroads. The strategic choices of narrative performance became poignantly clear after Abba's death, when the nature of Amma's narratives changed dramatically.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To attain data transfer based on an intermittent operation system in each radio terminal, and thereby to reduce the power consumption of each radio terminal and to extend the life of a battery. SOLUTION: The system time of a base station BS is initialized and sent from the base station BS to respective radio terminals ST1 to ST4, asynchroization between the base station BS and respective radio terminals ST1 to ST4 and the extension of asynchronization are respectively detected, and standby time and waiting time which are intermitted operation parameters are calculated on the basis of the detected results and set in respective radio terminals ST1 to ST4. Then data acquisition commands are transmitted from the base station BS to respective radio terminals ST1 to ST4 to collect the water level data of respective water gauges SS1 to SS4. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT


UWB Ad Hoc network was concerned in this research.Channel capacity was analyzed according to UWB signal characters.Node throughput was explained under the wideband and finite power model in UWB Ad Hoc network.Problems of wireless access were classified into intra network interference and inter network interference.polling scheme and CSMA were used to solve the intra network interference,and SS(spread spectrum) was proposed to solve the inter network interference.Some MAC protocols used in UWB Ad Hoc network were compared. An idea of combining dynamic channel coding with MAC protocol and using time-hopping was analyzed.At last a routing policy combining the locating algorithms based on TOA and LAR protocol was introduced.


The invention relates to the technical field of medical examination and discloses a hemolytic agent and application thereof as well as a classifying and counting method for white blood cells. The hemolytic agent contains one or more than two kinds of cationic surfactants, one or more than two kinds of small molecule alcohols, one or more than two kinds of buffer solutions, one or more than two kinds of soluble inorganic salts and the balance of water. According to the invention, components of the hemolytic agent are simplified; the novel hemolytic agent suitable for classifying and counting basophilic granulocyte and other white blood cells is prepared by adopting the raw materials which are proper and easy to obtain; compared with the current hemolytic agent product with more complex components, the hemolytic agent disclosed by the invention is more convenient and quicker for use; the hemolysis time only needs 5-20s, the classifying and the counting for the basophilic granulocyte and the other white blood cells can be realized by combining the hemolytic agent with an impedance analysis measuring instrument without special requirement on the temperature, and the accuracy is higher.


Drug trafficking is one of the most serious problems facing the country and has increased significantly in recent years. Narcotics are transported daily in different parts of the national territory. The comparison of the amount of drugs seized in the airports of Quito and Guayaquil and the port of this one in 2020 and 2022 is analyzed and the percentage variation of intentional homicides in Zone 1 during the year 2022. Policía Nacional del Ecuador, through Dirección Nacional de Investigación Antinarcóticos (DNAI), conducts operations that allow the seizure of the aforementioned substances, acting within the current legal framework with the aim of dismantling organised criminal groups that intend to distribute different quantities of narcotics to different countries, a phenomenon of global importance. The results of the operations carried out in 2022 by the Policía Nacional del Ecuador through DNAI for the seizure of narcotics will be analyzed, allowing to obtain favorable results, by one of the most important public institution in the country works.


As high-efficiency lighting has become mainstream, conversion of lighting equipment is under way, starting with government agencies. Existing fluorescent luminaires are being converted with LED luminaires. The main method used for conversion is to remove the fluorescent lamp (case 1) and replace it to a tubular LED lamp, and convert the luminaire itself with a LED panel luminaire (case 2). However, focusing only on energy efficiency, the existing luminous environment are not considered, such as illuminance, illuminance uniformity, and UGR. Therefore, the optical characteristics were measured using the actual luminaire used in the conversion. Simulations were performed comparing the luminous environment and power consumption before/after conversion. Case 1 had advantages in power consumption and UGR over case 2, and the illuminance was slightly reduced, but it met the criteria. These results confirmed that the conversion of lighting devices at least ensured the existing luminous environment.


summary:Histories of the Third Plague Pandemic, which diffused globally from China in the 1890s, have tended to focus on colonial efforts to regulate the movement of infected populations, on the state's draconian public health measures, and on the development of novel bacteriological theories of disease causation. In contrast, this article focuses on the plague epidemic in Hong Kong and examines colonial preoccupations with Chinese "things" as sources of likely contagion. In the 1890s, laboratory science invested plague with a new identity as an object to be collected, cultivated, and depicted in journals. At the same time, in the increasingly vociferous anti-opium discourse, opium was conceived as a contagious Chinese commodity: a plague. The article argues that rethinking responses to the plague through the history of material culture can further our understanding of the political consequences of disease's entanglement with economic and racial categories, while demonstrating the extent to which colonial agents "thought through things."


Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) is a clinically and morphologically diverse kidney damage caused by monoclonal immunoglobulin (IG) produced by a "small" B-cell clone. Non-amyloid type of MGRS is considered to be rare but associated with poor kidney outcome (KO). The analysis of the prevalence, clinical and morphological spectrum and long-term renal prognosis in different degrees of hematological response (HR) in patients with non-amyloid type of MGRS became the goal of this study.

 In this one-center prospective study performed from 01.01.2011 till 01.03.2020 patients with MGRS were enrolled. Criteria of MGRS were following: i) morphologically verified monoclonal IG related kidney damage and ii) an aberrant clone in the bone marrow and/or the level of serum/urine paraprotein not met the hematological criteria for treatment initiation. Cases of renal AL-amyloidosis were excluded. The morphological spectrum of non-amyloid MGRS, treatment, hematological and renal responses (RR) were analyzed. HR was assessed depending on the type of monoclonal IG according to the accepted criteria. The presence of RR was considered as a decrease in daily proteinuria> 30% from the initial level or less than 0.5 g in the absence of a decrease in eGFR> 25% at the time of the end of follow-up. The progression of renal dysfunction was documented with a decrease in eGFR> 25% from baseline. KO was determined as initiation of renal replacement therapy or eGFR <15 ml/min/1.73m2 at the end of follow-up. Long-term renal survival was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method. The median follow-up period was 18 (4; 38) months.

 The prevalence of non-amyloid MGRS was 1.4% (n = 29) of all performed kidney biopsies (n = 2042). Clinical and demographic parameters of the group are presented in the figure 1.
 Serum or/and urine paraprotein was detected in 23 patients as κ (30.4%), IgM/κ (21.7%), IgM/λ (13.1%), IgG/κ (13.1%), λ (13.1%), IgA/κ (4.3%), IgG/λ (4.3%). Morphological spectrum of non-amyloid MGRS is shown in the figure 2.
 Combination of light chain deposition disease and thrombotic microangiopathy was documented in two cases. The majority of patients (82.7%) was treated with clone-specific agents. In non-IgM-associated MGRS cases bortezomib+dexamethasone (D) (n=11), melphalan+D (n=2), cyclophosphamide (CPh) +bortezomib+D (n=1), lenalidomide+D (n=1) were used. Autologous stem cell transplantation was performed in 1 case. Prednisolone+CPh based schemes were applied in 5 patients. In IgM-associated MGRS 7 patients were treated with rituximab and 1 patient with bortezomib+D due to contraindication to anti-CD20 agent. 8 patients were missed from the follow-up. HR and RR were achieved in 76.2% and 62% of the treated patients, respectively (Figure 3).
 The five-year cumulative renal survival was 44% in the non-amyloid MGRS group and did not significantly differ from renal AL-amyloidosis group when compared (Figure 4).

 Non-amyloid type of MGRS is a clinically and morphologically diverse entity characterized by a poor renal prognosis, especially in the absence of clone-specific therapy. Treatment of MGRS should be carried out in a timely manner with the participation of a hematologist and nephrologist in order to prevent loss of kidney function and increase life expectancy.


The characteristics of polymer insulation materials often degrade remarkably due to surface discharge. In order to detect the degradation, a lot of methods have been taken to measure the currents and to deal with the data. However, the methods are not very suitable in some cases. In order to find a better way to assess the performance of the insulation materials, the fractal theory was adopted in this paper. According to the characteristics of statistical self-similarity and complexity of the discharge current, an approach was presented to find the fractal dimension based on the embedding space theory, state space reconstruction and G-P algorithm. The results show that the correlation dimension can identify the changes of the insulation characteristic, and the method is very useful at the diagnosis of the insulation degradation.


3-Aza-1-chroma-1,3-butadiene undergoes photochemical [3 + 2] cyclopentannulation with alkenes and alkynes instead of the expected benzannulation or cyclobutannulation reactions, providing a good method for the synthesis of 1-pyrroline and 2H-pyrrole derivatives. This photochemical reaction can be extended to molybdenum and tungsten carbene complexes.


Introduction Optimal positioning of the tip of a central venous catheter (CVC) is a complex and controversial subject. The FDA (1989) (1) and several national nursing societies (2, 3) recommend that a catheter tip should not be positioned within the right atrium (RA); this advice is based on association between intracardiac placement of the catheter tip and tamponade. On the contrary, the K/DOQI recommendation is to position the catheter tip at the superior vena cava (SVC)/right atrial junction or into the RA for tunnelled catheters and at the SVC/atrial junction or in the SVC for temporary catheters (4). The rational is simple: stiffer catheters are more likely to perforate (5). The temporary central venous catheters are primarily composed of polyurethane, which is stiff at room temperature to facilitate insertion, but softens at body temperature to minimize vessel trauma. Tunnelled catheters, instead, are primarily composed of silicone that are very flexible, requiring a stylet and/or sheath for insertion. Cardiac tamponade and perforation of the central veins Cardiac tamponade and catheter perforation of the central vein are the most feared and most deadly complications relate to central venous catheters. Prevention of this complication is a fundamental goal of FDA and K/DOQI. To prevent tamponade, it would appear reasonable to avoid placement of the catheter tip within the right atrium. However, there is increasing recognition that placing the tip in positions above the right atrium is also associated with significant complications and that perforation of the medial wall of the superior vena cava can produce tamponade directly. Thus, placement just proximal to the atrium does not obviate the risk of tamponade. In order to avoid cardiac tamponade CVC tips should be located in the SVC above the level of the carina, by up to 5 cm (mean 3 cm) above the SVC/atrial junction (6). However, given that the SVC is only 6-7 cm long and the carina is roughly 3.5 cm higher than the SVC/atrial junction, placing the tip above the carina is likely to put into a position at higher risk for thrombosis, for malfunction and particularly for left-sided catheters, for perforation, because catheters entering the SCV from the left have a tendency to impinge on the lateral wall of the SVC. In most cases, this complication occur during catheter insertion procedure consequent to operator error: the injury are caused by forcing the vessel dilator or peel-away sheath into the central vein. The same guide wire may perforate the heart and cause cardiac tamponade. Cardiac arrhythmias The arrhythmias are a complication of the catheter insertion or exchange procedures. Delayed cardiac arrhythmias are rare and are described mostly with peripherally inserted central catheters and with a catheter tip positioned also within the SVC. Catheter-induced arrhythmias are not described with central venous catheters used for haemodialysis patients. The use of fluoroscopic imaging or right atrial electrocardiography during insertion, combined with cardiac monitoring, reduce the incidence of intraprocedural arrhythmias. These arrhythmias are typically benign. Central venous stenosis and thrombosis The relationship between catheter tip position and thrombosis is complex: a catheter tip positioned against a vascular wall may lead to progressive damage to the endothelium and to thombosis. The catheter tip positioned within the SVC facilitates the conctact with vascolar wall and thereby increases the risk of endothelial injury contrary to the catheter tip lying within a large chamber like the right atrium.


The minichromosome maintenance (MCM) gene family plays an essential role in DNA replication and cell cycle progression. However, MCM gene expression has not been well-studied in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). In the present study, the expression, prognostic value and functions of MCMs in LUAD were investigated using several databases and bioinformatic tools, including Oncomine, GEPIA, cBioPortal, CancerSEA and Kaplan-Meier plotter. It was demonstrated that the mRNA expression of MCM2, MCM4 and MCM10 were significantly increased in patients with LUAD. High mRNA expression of MCM2-5, MCM8 and MCM10 were associated with poor overall survival and progression-free survival. High MCM4 expression was associated with adverse post-progression survival. In addition, the Human Protein Atlas database showed that MCM protein expression was consistent with the mRNA expression. These results demonstrate that MCM2, MCM4 and MCM10 are potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for LUAD.


Sediment geochemistry has been widely used to indentify the source of the sediments delivered from catchment to the deposition basin.  In this study, bed load sediments, high terrace soils, beach sediments, and cores drilled at estuary were collected at the catchment of Gangkou River and its tributary, Linlu River, southern Taiwan.  All sediments were sieved by 0.062 μm sifter and exchangeable, carbonate, and iron oxide phases were leached and only residue silicate phase were digested.  Chemical composition, rare earth elements (REEs), and lead isotopes were measured.  The results show that two major catchments, Linlu River and Gangkou River, as well as high terrace soil and beach sediments can be successfully classified by chemical composition and lead isotopes.  However, REEs show signature of upper continental crust and no differences among all the samples, possibly due to the same source of high REEs minerals.  The characteristic of chemical composition and lead isotopes are different between two catchments and the estuary sediments as well as beach sediments near the estuary imply mixing behavior between two catchments.  The upper most of the estuary core samples, presented as modern sediment, have similar chemical composition and lead isotopes compared with the mainstream.  However, the beach sediment on the top of the dune and the lower part of the core samples, which are elder than 7 ka, have distinct chemical and isotopic characteristics, indicating different sediment sources.  In, summary, chemical composition and the lead isotopes are robust tracers for the leached fine sediments in Gangkou River catchment but REEs are not.  The results of estuary core indicate that the sediment source of the estuary before 7 ka is different from the present.


Authors prove necessity of an estimation of medical risk for introduction of amendments in the medical documents used in rendering of paid medical services for the purpose of prevention of extremism of consumers of paid medical services.


During the pandemic, our hospital established a RHCU to provide level 2 care for patients with severe Covid-19. Mortality rate was 54% over the first year. We designed a questionnaire around Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to assess the emotional impact upon our workforce. We also evaluated burnout, using the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory.Staff retrospectively rated their pre-pandemic mental health (Feb 2020) and current mental health (Jan 2022). 60 questionnaires were circulated with 83% completed.Doctors encompassed 28% of respondents, nurses 38%, HCAs 18%, and 16% were other clinical and administrative staff. 62% had worked on RHCU for ≥12 months.72% felt their mental health had deteriorated. 94% reported their physical health had been negatively impacted.In Jan 2022, 51% reported feeling depressed, 71% anxious, 46% tearful and 69% irritable, half the time or more. All figures had increased ≥2 fold compared to pre-pandemic levels.The pandemic has affected personal life too, showing a 3.6 fold increase in strain on personal relationships compared to pre-pandemic. 70% reported difficulty with sleep pattern.Worryingly, 71% scored high/very high using the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. Levels of burnout were notably increased in junior doctors (88%) and staff nurses (89%), demonstrating high/very high levels of burnout. 75% of junior doctors and 56% of staff nurses were unsure or would not continue in their current role. These figures are incredibly concerning, considering that junior doctors and staff nurses make up one third of RHCU staff.Our results highlight the need for urgent intervention for RHCU staff to prevent further burnout and improve mental health.


Abstract Introduction Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs) are used for assessing respiratory failure in clinical practice. ABGs also provide a useful verification tool for nocturnal Transcutaneous Carbon Dioxide (TcCO2) measurements. However, there are known complications to collecting ABGs. Conversely, CBG is less invasive and more accessible to clinical practice. We assessed CBGs as an alternative to ABGs to measure pCO2 and pO2, and its suitability for verifying TcCO2. We hypothesised that CBG sampling would be suitable for TcCO2 verification and would be a suitable ABG surrogate. Methods ABGs were sampled by Resident Medical Officers (RMOs) and CBGs were sampled by Sleep Scientists to validate TcCO2 at awake. Correlation between measures was assessed via Pearson and Spearman coefficients. ρ > 0.6 demonstrate a moderate positive correlation, with strengthening correlation as ρ approaches 1. Agreement between measurements was assessed via Bland-Altman plots. Results There was a moderately strong correlation between CBG vs TcCO2 (n=125) (ρ = 0.694, p < 0.001) and CBG vs ABG (pCO2) (n=29) (ρ = 0.725, p < 0.001), with a strong correlation for ABG vs TcCO2 (n=81) (ρ = 0.847, p < 0.001). Bland-Altman plots showed agreement between CBG, ABG and TcCO2. Conclusions There were strong positive correlations observed, with agreement seen across all measures of pCO2. This analysis demonstrates both the accuracy of nocturnal TcCO2 and the utility of CBG to verify TcCO2. Surrogate CO2 measures support positive patient outcomes and verification of gas exchange.


Why Is Rent-Seeking Relevant for Developing Countries and Their Reforms?.- What Is Rent-Seeking?.- Evaluating Rents, Rent-Seeking Investments and Rent-Seeking Costs.- Addressing Fundamentals: Explaining the Motivation for and Success of Rent-Seeking Behaviour and Policies.- Reforms, Rent-Seeking and Rent-Seeking Opposition.- Rent-Seeking: Empirical Evidence for Tanzania.- From Socialist Ideology to Rent-Seeking Reality.- Stabilisation and Structural Adjustment in Tanzania: A Rent-Seeking Approach to Explain Reform Records.- Where Rent-Seekers Seek Rents: Parastatals-Hardliners in a Rent-Seeking Economy.- Conclusions and Policy Recommendations.


The conventional variable structure control for discrete uncertain system,requires the bound of the uncertainty known,and the control law based on the upper boundary of the uncertainty must be over conservative and enlarges chattering.In order to overcome the shortcoming above,a novel variable structure control law with perturbation estimation and online step correction is proposed . The results of simulation indicate that the proposed control law has good stability and smaller conservation than the methods of convention.


The invention discloses steamed pork with bean dregs and a processing method thereof. The steamed pork with bean dregs is prepared from the following main materials and auxiliary materials in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of streaky pork, 1-20 parts of fried bean dreg powder, 1-2 parts of table salt, 0.1-0.4 part of monosodium glutamate, 3-5 parts of light soy sauce, 0.03-0.06 part of spring onions powder, 0.03-0.06 part of ginger powder, 0.1-0.2 part of cinnamon powder, 0.1-0.2 part of star aniseed powder, 0.1-0.2 part of seed powder of Chinese prickly ash, 1-2 parts of thick broad-bean sauce, 1-3 parts of cooking wine, 1-3 parts of fermented tofu juice, 0.01-0.02 part of netmeg powder, 0.01-0.02 part of radix angelicae powder, 0.01-0.02 part of pericarpium citri reticulatae powder and 0.01-0.02 part of rhizoma kaempferiae powder. The steamed pork with bean dregs disclosed by the invention has nutritional values of both meat and bean dregs, has the advantages of abundant nutrition, low content of fat and the like and is particularly suitable for weight-reducing people to eat. Meanwhile, qualitative and quantitative standardized production of the steamed pork with bean dregs can be realized and the steamed pork with bean dregs is suitable for industrialized production on a large scale.


Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection mainly causes pulmonary disease. However, in 20% to 30% of cases, it also induces various extrapulmonary diseases. Disseminated MAC infection occasionally occurs in immunocompromised patients but very rarely in immunocompetent patients. An 80-year-old immunocompetent woman presented with multiple chronic wounds on the scalp that had not improved despite prolonged treatment. A scalp abscess caused by disseminated MAC infection 4 years ago had gone through repeated cycles of improvement and aggravation despite continued use of anti-mycobacterial agents and active wound care. Enhanced brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple skull defects and abscesses invading the dura mater. Under general anesthesia, the infected scalp skin and bone were sufficiently removed, and the bone and soft tissue defects were repaired with cranioplasty using a titanium mesh plate and local flap. As exemplified in this case, multiple chronic wounds unresponsive to treatment need to be screened for MAC infection. As chronic MAC infection in the scalp can cause skull destruction and brain infection, it needs to be treated aggressively at an early stage to prevent serious morbidity and mortality. Effective MAC infection management involves adequate medication, regular follow-up imaging, and active surgical procedure.


I have the honour to lay before the Society an Archaeological Survey, in which will be found the principal and most of the minor archaeological discoveries which have been made in the county of Kent. A work of this kind must necessarily be incomplete, as many relics of the past are being continually brought to light, and pass away unrecorded into various public and private collections, or are destroyed by ignorant and thoughtless workmen. It is hoped, however, that no important discovery has been omitted, either from the map or text, and that the general arrangement will be found convenient for reference. In order to avoid repetition of the titles of the various publications, a Bibliographical List has been given, with a key to the abbreviations, which are framed upon a plan both simple and suggestive. The signs upon the map have been made as large as its size would allow, and are marked on or near the actual sites of discoveries; but in some instances the signs have had to be placed so as to avoid obliterating names of places. It may be well to mention that where spots of different colours, indicating interments, come together in one locality, it signifies (as a rule) that remains belonging to distinct periods occurred in the same burial-place. It was deemed unnecessary to mention every individual discovery of Palaeolithic implements, a line has therefore been drawn under the name of the town or village in whose district they abound in the river-drift gravels. Discoveries of Neolithic implements have not been noticed, as they occur upon the surface in vast numbers throughout the county. British coins being of rare occurrence, have been noted, likewise hoards or large quantities of Koman coins, but single or scattered specimens have, with few exceptions, been omitted.


Tempered glass sheets, a vent line of the one or more controlled depth into the surface of the sheet machine scribed Knight then applies a uniform bending moment over the vent line in order to perform the division into a plurality of short sheets it allows divided into intact short sheet material. The depth of the scoring by a line is insufficient to the separation of the sheet occurs, the vent lines are scoring from the crack initiator point comprising a surface indentations formed near the edge of the glass sheet.


C1q plays a key role in apoptotic cell and immune complex removal. Its absence contributes to the loss of tolerance toward self structures and development of autoimmunity. C1q deficiencies are extremely rare and are associated with complete lack of C1q or with secretion of surrogate C1q fragments. To our knowledge, we report the first case of a functional C1q abnormality, associated with the presence of a normal C1q molecule. Homozygous GlyB63Ser mutation was found in a patient suffering from lupus with neurologic manifestations and multiple infections. The GlyB63Ser C1q bound to Igs, pentraxins, LPSs, and apoptotic cells, similarly to C1q from healthy donors. However, the interaction of C1r 2 C1s 2 and C1 complex formation was abolished, preventing further complement activation and opsonization by C3. The mutation is located between LysB 61 and LysB 65 of C1q, suggested to form the C1r binding site. Our data infer that the binding of C1q to apoptotic cells in humans is insufficient to assure self-tolerance. The opsonization capacity of C4 and C3 fragments has to be intact to fight infections and to prevent autoimmunity. The Journal of Immunology , 2011, 187: 000–000. cells (Annexin V + , propidium iodide + , trypan blue + ) (10). Late apoptotic cells were incubated with 100 m l 1/10 diluted with M199 medium AB group NHS, pooled NHS from five healthy donors, patient serum, or C1q-depleted serum (Quidel). The dilution was set to 1/10 to eliminate the alternative complement pathway. After a 30-min incubation at 37˚C, the reaction was stopped with cold PBS–BSA–azide, and the cells were washed by centrifugation. The cells were labeled with anti-C3c or anti-C1q mAbs (Quidel), or a control mouse IgG1, followed by PE-labeled secondary Ab (Beckman Coulter). Cells were analyzed by flow cytometry on a Becton Dickinson FACSCalibur (Mountain View, CA), using Cell-Quest and FSC Express software. The results are presented as graphs of one representative experiment or as average relative fluorescence intensity (equal to the mean fluorescence intensity of each sample divided by the corresponding isotype control) from four independent experiments. Sta-tistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 5, using the t test.


An improved modification of the photometric micro-method according to Niesel and Thews is described, which employs the diffusion principle. The O2-Hb binding curves of wh


Summary: Febrile convulsions (FC) are frequent acute neurologic disturbances of childhood. The cellular and neurochemical mechanisms causing FC are unclear. Among other mechanisms, the CNS histamine (HA) has been suggested to participate in seizure control and thermoregulation. We evaluated the possible role of HA in regulation of FC by measuring HA and tele‐methylhis‐ tamine (t–MH) concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children with FC. The study group consisted of 35 children treated for acute FC in the hospital. The control groups consisted of (a) feverish children without seizures (n=23), (b) convulsive children without fever (n=7), and (c) children with neither fever nor convulsions (n=21). HA was assayed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection, and t‐MH was measured by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. CSF HA concentration in the group of febrile Convulsions occur rather frequently in connection with febrile children without seizures was significantly higher (0.69 ± 0.16 pmol/ml, mean k SE) than in children with FC (0.36 ± 0.07 pmol/ml, p <0.05, analysis of variance, ANOVA). HA concentration was 0.37 ± 0.18 pmoVml in the group of nonfebrile convulsive children and 0.36 k 0.08 pmol/ml in the nonfebrile nonconvulsive group. No statistical differences in t–MH were detected between groups. The increased susceptibility to seizures during fever may be connected to the lack of increase in CSF HA in the FC group. The data support the hypothesis that the central histaminergic neuron system may be involved in inhibition of seizures associated with febrile illnesses in childhood.


The effect of gravity on oil recovery was studied in a Hele-Shaw cell. An immiscible two fluid system consisting of light paraffin oil as the displaced phase and distilled water as the displacing phase was used. Oil recovery at breakthrough was found to be almost linearly dependent on the Bond number. Maximum recovery was obtained in the case of upward flooding with the cell positioned vertically. The minimum oil recovery occurred when flooding was performed in the downward direction with the cell also placed in the vertical position. The recovery results obtained for the experiments carried out at a 45 degree incline and in the horizontal position were situated between these extremes.

On a etudie l'effet de la gravite sur la recuperation du petrole dans une cellule de Hele-Shaw. Un systeme a deux fluides non miscibles composes d'huile de paraffine legere comme phase deplacee et d'eau distillee comme phase de deplacement a ete utilise. On a trouve que la recuperation de petrole a l'instant d'arrivee premiere etait presque lineairement dependante du nombre de Bond. La recuperation maximum est obtenue avec un engorgement ascendant, la cellule en position verticale, et la recuperation minimum avec un engorgement descendant, la cellule egalement en position verticale. Les resultats de recuperation obtenus pour les experiences menees a une inclinaison de 45° et dans la position horizontal se situent entre les deux extrěmes.


Frequent exposure to water is an important risk factor for the development of irritant hand eczema. Evaluation of cream efficacy in protecting against water is difficult. A new non‐irritant, non‐invasive method is introduced, based on evaluation of colour intensities when an aqueous solution of crystal violet is applied to the skin, after pretreatment with different creams. By skin reflectance measurement, differences in colour intensity were objectified. Measurements of transepidermal water loss were also performed. 2 barrier creams and a moisturizer were tested on the dorsal and volar aspects of the handy One barrier cream contained silicone the other solid particles. The moisturizer had a high content of lipid. In one experiment, the immediate effect of the cream in protecting against water was evaluated. In a second experiment, the water resistancy of the creams was tested, using a standard water immersion procedure (4X20 min). The barrier cream with particles gave the best immediate protection (dorsal 76% volar 69%). The moisturizer was intermediately protective (dorsal 57% volar 34%) while very link protection was found for the silicone‐containing cream (dorsal 16% volar 10%). The water immersion procedure resulted in only minor changes in protection for each cream. When comparing transepidermal water loss in the treated areas with pretreatment values, a reduction was recorded only for the particle‐containing barrier cream. The colour method described may be used as a quick and easy test of the protective effect of creams against water.


Reconciliation and possible symbols of reconciliation in contemporaiy South Africa In this article the important issue of reconciliation is addressed, and certain dimensions of reconciliation are discussed: perspectives from Scripture, forgiveness as prerequisite; restitution as a result and the process itself. The important role of the church of Jesus Christ as initiator and facilitator of the process of reconciliation is also stressed. The article ends with a statement that the time has come for new symbols of reconciliation in South Africa and some ideas for reconciliatory gestures are proposed.


The goal of marker-assisted backcrossing (MAB) is to significantly reduce the number of breeding generations required by using genome-based molecular markers to select for a particular trait; however, MAB systems have only been developed for a few vegetable crops to date. Among the types of molecular markers, SNPs (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) are primarily used in the analysis of genetic diversity due to their abundance throughout most genomes. To develop a MAB system in Chinese cabbage, a high-throughput (HT) marker system was used, based on a previously developed set of 468 SNP probes (BraMAB1, Brassica Marker Assisted Backcrossing SNP 1). We selected a broad-spectrum TuMV (Turnip mosaic virus ) resistance (trs ) Chinese cabbage line (SB22) as a donor plant, constructing a BC₁F₁ population by crossing it with the TuMV-susceptible 12mo-682-1 elite line. Foreground selection was performed using the previously developed trs SCAR marker. Background selection was performed using 119 SNP markers that showed clear polymorphism between donor and recipient plants. The background genome recovery rate (% recurrent parent genome recovery; RPG) was good, with three of 75 BC₁F₁ plants showing a high RPG rate of over 80%. The background genotyping result and the phenotypic similarity between the recurrent parent and BC₁F₁ showed a correlation. The plant with the highest RPG recovery rate was backcrossed to construct the BC₂F₁ population. Foreground selection and background selection were performed using 169 BC₂F₁ plants. This study shows that, using MAB, we can recover over 90% of the background genome in only two generations, highlighting the MAB system using HT markers as a highly efficient Brassica rapa backcross breeding system. This is the first report of the application of a SNP marker set to the background selection of Chinese cabbage using HT SNP genotyping technology.


Lewis lead recording was done (Figure 2). The Lewis lead was developed by Thomas Lewis to obtain the most prominent atrial activity in atrial fibrillation, and recording was done as follows: a bipolar chest lead was used, with the right arm electrode applied to the right side of the sternum at the second intercostal space and the left arm electrode applied to the right side of the sternum at the fourth intercostal space (the tracing seen in lead I was the recording of the Lewis lead; Figure 2).1 Lewis lead clearly visualized the P-wave independent of the ventricular wave, which implied atrioventricular dissociation. 63-year-old man with hypertension was admitted due to acute myocardial infarction caused by left main trunk disease. Percutaneous coronary intervention was successfully performed. During rehabilitation, he once experienced atrial fibrillation. Amiodarone was initiated with anticoagulation therapy, and he recovered to sinus rhythm. After 32 days on amiodarone, electrocardiogram (ECG) abruptly showed tachycardia. Blood pressure dropped to 70/40 mmHg, but he did not have any chest pain or dyspnea. On 12-lead ECG, wide QRS tachycardia was seen (Figure 1). At the same time, A


Abstract Herein we report the mild synthesis of 15 phosphonocinnamic esters by means of a solvent-free mechanically activated Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) olefination, in regular to excellent yields (13–99%), from tetraethyl methylenediphosphonate, an aromatic or aliphatic aldehyde and potassium tert-butoxide, using 5 min of mortar and pestle grinding. Potassium tert-butoxide acts as a base and liquid-assisting grinding agent. All isolated products were fully characterized as (E)-isomers through NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, among the synthesized compounds diethyl (E)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)vinylphosphonate 1 was discovered as an interesting cytotoxic agent inhibiting growth of two breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-453, IC50 = 79 µg/mL and MCF-7 IC50 = 64 µg/mL). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of mechanically activated HWE reaction for the synthesis of α, β-unsaturated phosphonates and the first time some of them have been assessed as cytotoxic agents on breast cancer cell lines. In conclusion, the fast and operationally simple synthesis of (E)-phosphonocinnamic esters afforded new promising cytotoxic agents in regular to excellent yields in very short reaction times. Graphical Abstract


of iich-mik concrete and admixture such as air-entraining and highirange Water reducing admixture a4d others, the flowability of such concrete is not sufficiently understood compared with that of ordinary concrete. The low water-cement ratiQ of the high-strength concrete cUrrently used results in a rich-mix congrete with an excessively large unit cement content, and irnprovements in workability are dependent on the function'of a' high-range water-reducing adlnixture, This type of concrete has problems such as large'variationsiris consistency and Large of slump values oveT time and additionally its characteristics'of workgbility are different from that of ordinary concrete. Accordingly, workability is.of considerable importance whe're high-stTength concrete is


end. The art that the invention defined in the claims: Im description of the parties to the protocol performed in the information and communications. I. Technical Problems to be Solved by the Invention: B-CDMA WLL (Broad band Code Division Multiple Access Wireless Local Loop) reduction in the total processing time in the conventional network hierarchy of the associated fixed station to solve the problem that an unnecessary message is created, and so on with each other conventions. All. Solution subject matter of the invention The present invention according to the message conversion, distribution and processing method in a fixed station of a broadband code division multiple access method the system performs both the upper layer the functions of the module for message conversion and distribution of messages processed by the network module of the layer 3. la. An important use of the invention B-CDMA WLL


The village administration in each regency has different authorities but must refer to the current law. So in this study only focused on polemic changes in the law on the Village which is applied by one of the Village Governments in Ciamis Regency which will affect the change in authority of the Village Head. This research uses normative legal methods using secondary data types. The data collection technique used is library research. After the data collection and processing stage, the next stage is analyzing the data.
Appointment of village apparatus that does not have a KTP in a nominating village or does not live or is domiciled in the village is abolished by the decision of the Constitutional Court No. 128 / PUU / XIII / 2015 concerning the abolition of the conditions of domicile for prospective village officials through the review of Article 33 letter g and Article 50 paragraph (1) letter (c) of Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages
In addition, the task of village officials who are 60 years old can still carry out their duties before the Village Law and implementing regulations are determined. This is in accordance with the circular letter of the Directorate General of Community Empowerment and Village Ministry of Home Affairs Number 140/2035 / PMD dated March 26, 2015 which states that village officials who are not Civil Servants (PNS) status continue to carry out their duties until the end of their tenure.


The purpose of this paper is to study local and global well-posedness of initial value problem for generalized Korteweg-de Vries (gKdV) equation in ^L^r. We show (large data) local well-posedness, small data global well-posedness, and small data scattering for gKdV equation in the scale critical ^L^r space. A key ingredient is a Stein-Tomas type inequality for the Airy equation, which generalizes usual Strichartz estimates for ^L^r-framework.


The present invention is FTY720 (2-amino-2- [2- (4-octylphenyl) ethyl] propane-1,3-diol; ping goaltender mode) of specific ceramide-relates to analogs. In particular, the invention relates to their use in pharmaceutical compositions, and a method of manufacturing the same, and autoimmune conditions, such as treatment of multiple sclerosis comprising these compounds.


Analyses are made on Lee's threshold signature scheme with multiple signing policies,which shows his scheme suffers from allied cheating attack.Then,based on Agnew et al.'s improved ElGamal signature algorithm,a changeable threshold signature scheme without a trusted center is proposed.Multiple group secret keys with different threshold values are shared among a group of signers,and each signer needs to keep only one secret key and one secret value.Different group secret keys can be flexibly chosen to securely sign documents depending on their significance.Analysis results show that the proposed scheme can protect the signature from allied cheating attack and the key management is very simple since there is no trusted center.Therefore,the proposed scheme is more secure and capable of providing more practicability than the existing schemes.


Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) precipitates in many kinds of aqueous salt solutions. While sodium sulfate, a coagulant for PVA fiber, precipitates PVA to yield a white rigid gel, coagulation of PVA with aluminum sulfate, a coagulant for water treatment, yields a slime-like viscoelastic fluid. One type of homemade slime is prepared under basic conditions with borate. The method reported in this paper is carried out under acidic conditions with materials that are used for water treatment. Through this demonstration, students can learn about chemical interactions through the coagulation and diffusion of slime. This demonstration can be carried out in 30 min.


Set against contemporary versions of a dark ecology, the chapter shows the inherent luminism of Guattari's ecosophy, which it develops from within the complementarity of the differently luminous planes of immanence and of consistency. Drawing on Guattari's ecologization of the notion of the abstract machine, the chapter turns to architecture as a testing site of the alignment of given world and giving creatures. A reading of Guattari's writings on architecture shows that a schizoecological architecture should be, like ecology itself, both intensely impersonal and intensely personal, both intensely abstract and concrete. After tracing the conceptual architectures of the La Borde clinic, it develops, against recent theories of an all-encompassing and all-pervading capitalism, the theory of a time- and site-specific capitalism, and, set against against Lacanian paychoanalysis, of a time- and site-specific unconscious. The chapter concludes with a reading of The Three Ecologies and Chaosmosis in the light of Schizoanalytic Cartographies.


A polarimetric Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) laser sensor in a low birefringent Er-doped fiber has been proposed. The spectral overlap of two uniform fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) has been employed as filtering technique to achieve a Single Longitudinal Mode (SLM) regime. By measuring the RF beat frequency between the two orthogonal polarized lasing modes and the absolute wavelength of one mode, both strain and temperature has been determined simultaneously.


Blueline format of survey map of Henderson County, Texas, showing rivers, creeks, original land grants or surveys, and blocks of land. No scale information given.


Utricles isolated from Codium thallus developed into medullary threads and the threads grew into prostrate clusters in the culture. When the prostrate clusters are cut into short fragments, new shoots were regenerated in a few days, and developed into the threads. For unialgal culture, the fragments were isolated with capillary pipettes. Fully grown threads were transferred into Erlenmeyer flasks and maintained as the stock culture. For the cultivation experiments, the threads were cut into short pieces about one mm with razors, they were allowed to attach on synthetic twine and a part of nori-net in a glass vessel. After three weeks culture, the threads on the substrata were transferred into the sea, Nomo Bay, western Kyushu. Many erect thalli of C. fragile appeared on the substrata after one month and grew to 4 to 5cm length after 4 months. From the results of the cultivation experiments by monthly planting through the year, the erect thalli grew well from October to June, but not from July to September.


Introduction: Infant mortality is still a global problem, especially in the province of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Infant mortality every year continues to increase and is a problem that must be solved. LBW or low birth weight is a baby's weight at birth of less than 2500 grams, reportedly contributing to neonatal mortality. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship of mentoring in families who have LBW babies with infant growth and development. Methods: The study population was families with low birth weight babies who were treated in the NICU room at SK Lerik Hospital in Kupang City by as many as 298 people. The research sample was 30 people. Results: For 30 respondents, namely mothers with LBW babies, they were given intervention through assistance for 3 full months, an increase in family knowledge in the good category (86.7%), an increase in family motivation in caring for LBW infants in the good category (100%), and an increase in care actions so that the baby's body temperature is within normal limits in the good category (86.6%). Conclusion: It is concluded that there is an influence family assistance to increase growth and development in LBW infants. Intensive assistance from health workers to families is very necessary. Support from families to mothers can increase knowledge and skills as well as motivation for caring for LBW babies so as to increase the babies' growth and development optimally.


In present study, the authors propose the new method to find the pressure distribution acting on contact surface and develop the measuring device. The principle of pressure measuring is based on the scattered surface reflection of light from the surface after contact. With this device, a pressure distribution is measured automatically and displayed in three dimension. It is shown pressure distributions in various contact cases measured actually using the developed device.