Cyber attacks (CAs) have generally been one-dimensional, involving denial of service (DoS), computer viruses or worms, and unauthorized intrusion (hacking). Websites, mail servers, and client machines are the major targets. However, recent CAs have diversified to include multi-stage and multi-dimensional attacks with a variety of tools and technologies. Nextgeneration security will require network management and intrusion detection systems that combine short-term sensor information with long-term knowledge databases to provide decision support and cyberspace command and control. One of the important capabilities is to efficiently and promptly predict the threat's tactical intent from various network alerts generated by Intrusion Detection Sensors (IDSs) or Intrusion Prevention Sensors (IPSs). Recent efforts to apply data fusion techniques to cyber situational awareness are promising (Salerno et al., 2005; Tadda et al., 2006), but assessing the potential impact of an attack and predicting intent, or high-level data fusion, continue to present substantive challenges. In this chapter, an adaptive Markov game approach is introduced to meet the challenge. Game theory is not a new concept in the cyber defense domain. Current game theoretic approaches (Alpcan & Basar, 2003; Agah et al., 2004; Sallhammar et al., 2005) for cyber network intrusion detection and decision support are based on static matrix games and simple extensive games, which are usually solved by game trees. For example (see Fig. 1), red side (attacker) has five options while blue side (IDS) has two re-actions for informationset 1 (two blue bullets labeled as 1:1) about sub-system 1 and three possible actions for information-set 2 (three blue bullets labeled as 1:2) about sub-system 2 and 3. The payoffs of both sides are shown on the right side of each possible outcome (black bullets). A mixed Nash Strategy pair is shown with black lines. Attacker will choose action "Attack Subsystem 1" with probability 3/20, "Attack Sub-system 2" with probability 3/20, and "Do not attack sub-system 2/3" with probability 7/10. Blue side will set an alarm for sub-system 1 with probability 1, sub-system 2 with probability 5/12, sub-system 3 with probability 47/90, and ignore with probability 11/180. It is not difficult to see that these matrix game models lack the sophistication to study multi-players with relatively large actions spaces, and large planning horizons. O pe n A cc es s D at ab as e w w w .in te ch w eb .o rg


Total body CT scanning may be utilized as a means of treatment planning for radiation therapy. Computer reconstruction of coronal and sagittal views from CT cross-sectional slices was accomplished by taking each of the cross-sectional images and placing them together in the specific order in the sequence in which they were scanned to form a cube. Once the cube is built, retrieving in the sagittal and coronal views is readily achieved.


Dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies are believed to be strongly dark matter dominated and thus are considered perfect objects to study dark matter distribution and test theories of structure formation. They possess resolved, multiple stellar populations that o ff er new possibilities for modeling. A promising tool for the dynamical modeling of these objects is the Schwarzschild orbit superposition method. In this work we extend our previous implementation of the scheme to include more than one population of stars and a more general form of the mass-to-light ratio function. We tested the improved approach on a nearly spherical, gas-free galaxy formed in the cosmological context from the Illustris simulation. We modeled the binned velocity moments for stars split into two populations by metallicity and demonstrate that in spite of larger sampling errors the increased number of constraints leads to significantly tighter confidence regions on the recovered density and velocity anisotropy profiles. We then applied the method to the Fornax dSph galaxy with stars similarly divided into two populations. In comparison with our earlier work, we find the anisotropy parameter to be slightly increasing, rather than decreasing, with radius and more strongly constrained. We are also able to infer anisotropy for each stellar population separately and find them to be significantly di ff erent.


citing its recent decision in Richmond v. Campbell, 148 W. Va. 595, 136 S.E.2d 877 (1964). Disbarment-Evasion of Federal Income Tax Defendant was previously convicted of a felony for willful violation of the Internal Revenue Code. He was then brought before the court in a disciplinary proceeding based on the By-laws of the West Virginia State Bar which require that an attorney's license to practice law "shall" be revoked should he be convicted of a crime involving moral turpitude. Held, willful evasion of payment of income tax is a crime involving moral turpitude and the by-laws make license revocation mandatory precluding the court from considering extenuating circumstances. In Re Mann, 154 S.E.2d 860 (W. Va. 1967). Refusing to consider extenuating circumstances would appear to place West Virginia in a minority position. Annot., 59 A.L.R.2d 1398 (1958). The court states the weight of authority is that a conviction involving the element of fraud is one involving moral turpitude. However, such conviction does not necessarily dictate disbarment because the majority will give the defendant an opportunity to show himself free of moral turpitude by considering extenuating circumstances. This is true even in situations where the statutory language is similar to West Virginia's. Baker v. Miller, 236 Ind. 20, 138 N.E.2d 145 (1956); Re Halinan, 43 Cal. 2d 243,272 P.2d 768 (1954). Procedure-Unincorporated Associations D, a county circuit court, issued a preliminary injunction against P-relator, an unincorporated labor union, enjoining P from engaging in unlawful picketing. P then sought a writ of prohibition to prohibit D from perpetuating the preliminary injunction on the grounds that P, an unincorporated association, is not subject to suit in its name or as a separate entity. Held, an unincorporated association may not sue or be sued in its name or as a separate entity in absence of a statute authorizing such suits. But, an unincorporated association may still protect its rights against third persons by maintaining an action in the name of the State, which acts in a representative capacity. Therefore, P-relator has properly maintained this action in the name of the State. Both P and the State have a bona fide interest in this proceeding, P's interest 1967] 2 West Virginia Law Review, Vol. 70, Iss. 1 [1967], Art. 24 https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/wvlr/vol70/iss1/24


This paper provides a brief status report on resear ch imed at developing a distributed data fusion architectur e. The architecture has a variety of applications that ran ge from hospital pathology to battlefield management. It is intended to provide multiple analysts with the ability to cooperatively examine multi-spectral images using concurrent algorithms. The image streams arrive in realtime from multiple sensors distributed throughout a heterogeneous network. An application in cervical cancer cell analysis is presented to illustrate the genera l concepts. I. Collaborative Environment The data fusion architecture couples the Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) concept [1, 5] with concurrent algorithms and programming concepts. The architecture leverages JAVA-based graphical user interfaces and web-based interaction to provide interactive data analysis. These tools can be used collaboratively to examine the results generat ed from concurrent image fusion algorithms. In this paper, one such algorithm, the principal component transformation (PCT), is used to illustrate the ide as [2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10]. Figure 1 shows the architectural concept. A heterogeneous collection of networked PC's, workstations, and shared memory multiprocessors (SMP's), provides the computational resources for high-performance concurrent fusion algorithms. These algorithms are implemented using a concurrent tensor algebra library. This library is, in turn, b uilt upon a heterogeneous concurrent programming library, SCPlib [6, 7], that provides load balancin g and granularity control. Multiple sensors may be connected at arbitrary points in the network and interrogated through computation. Multiple analyst s may connect to the running computation using a standard web-browser at arbitrary points in the network. Each analyst may utilize a broad collecti on of JAVA-based data analysis tools, for example, 2/3 D plots, image filters, and multi-spectral viewers. The analysts may collaborate via chat-like interfac es to discuss the results, coordinate the computation, and control sensors. The status of the three centr al components in this architecture is described in the sections that follow. II. Analysis Tools and Interfaces Figure 2 shows the working environment of the collaborative system. A designated analyst (the fi rst connection made to the system) controls access to a concurrent computation that directly manipulates sensor input. Multiple analysts may subsequently connect to a computation from remote computers and are provided with read access to the sensor inputs and computation. Coordination and discussion between analysts is carried through a chat-like sessions. The designated analyst is provided with the privilege t o control the interaction modes and computation. The Figure 1: Collaborative Environment privilege can be handed off to other participants a s needed. The same view of computation is available to all the analysts. Each analyst is able to manip ulate sensor data through JAVA-based tools individually and share results. The tools provided include 2/3D plotting, image filtering, and multi-spectral data analysis tools. III. Concurrent Tensor Algebra To represent multi-spectral images, the architectur generalizes sequential matrix algebra to concurrent tensor algebra. The following hierarchy explains t he relevance of this concept to multi-spectral image analysis: Tensor Dimension Conventional Interpretation Alternative Interpretation 0 Scalar Real or Complex Number 1 Vector List of Values 2 Matrix Table of values or Image 3 Tensor RGB-Image N indexed by wave length Tensor Multi-and Hyper-spectral Image N indexed by time Tensor Video Stream For example, using the alternative interpretation, a multi-spectral image of cervical cancel cells colle cted from multi-spectral sensors, can be represented directly as a third order tensor as shown in Figure 3. PC's, Networked Workstations, & SMP Machines Multi-Spectral sensors Cluster Computing onment > a = b+c JAVA-based GUI Tensor Algebra Analysts


Products are goods that are available and provided in stores for sale. Products provided in stores must be arranged properly to order to attract the attention of consumers to buy. Products arranged in a store will depend on the type of store. The product arrangement at a retail store will be different from the product arrangement at a clothing store. Store display will reflect a picture that is in the store so consumers know the types of products sold by product arrangement. An attractive arrangement will stimulate the desire of consumers to buy. In data mining there are several types of methods by use including prediction, association, classification, classification and estimation. In the prediction method there are several techniques including the frequent pattern growth (FP-growth) method. FP-growth algorithm is the development of the apriori algorithm. So, the shortcomings of the apriori algorithm are corrected by the FP-growth algorithm. FP-growth is one alternative algorithm that can be used to determine the set of data that most often appears (frequent itemset) in a data set. Results of research on the application of the FP-growth algorithm to maximizing the display of goods. It is hoped that this research can be used to adjust the product layout according to the level of frequency the product is sought by the customer so that the customer has no difficulty finding the product they want.


International cooperation is based on the need for the development and protection of the environment, which cannot be achieved except through the partnership of Nations of the world. Awareness of the danger of degradation, destruction of environmental elements scored both nationally and worldwide, the protection and preservation of the environment priorities. The establishment of international cooperation in the field of environmental protection is a must, and the international law constitutes the main instrument of bilateral cooperation, regional and planetary states and international organisations in order to identify some forms and ways to contribute to the prevention of pollution and protection of the environment.


Let $X$ be a projective normal toric variety and $T_0$ a rank one subtorus of the defining torus of $X$. We show that the normalization of the Chow quotient $X//T_0$, in the sense of Kapranov-Sturmfels-Zelevinsky, coarsely represents the moduli space of stable log maps to $X$ with discrete data given by $T_0\subset X$.


People can eat a food without having a strong preference for it, and people can prefer a food without eating it. Given this seeming disconnect between attitude and behavior, which type of measure or segment can best be used to profile or identify loyal consumer segments of a food, such as soy? This research compares a usage-based method (heavy-light-nonusers) with a new attitude-based method (seeker-neutral-avoider), and finds that the attitude-based method differentiates purchase-related intentions better than the usage-based method. Implications for profiling consumer taste patterns and consumer segments are provided.


Abstract : Thirteen normal-hearing enlisted were given 11 two-hour trains of pulses at 3.5 kHz at 100 dB SPL. Acoustic load was gradually increased from one 0.5-sec pulse every 60 sec to one 0.75-sec pulse every 15 sec, at which point the group temporary threshold shift approached this Laboratory's Internal Damage Risk Criteria (DRC) and the experiment terminated. A very tentative and non- conservative estimate was made from these data and from the sparse literature that the ears of these men could just stand such pulses for days on end only if the SPL were reduced to 90 dB and the percentage on-time did not exceed 5%. More precise DRC must wait upon rather massive data from individual subjects on the time needed for full recovery from single high-intensity pulses.


A new oxadiazole-containing brush polymer, poly(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl-[1,1′-biphenyl]carboxyloxy-n-nonyl acrylate) (PPOXBPA), was synthesized. The polymer was thermally stable up to 350 °C. Below the degradation temperature, it showed a glass transition, crystal melting transition, and a liquid crystal to isotropic melt transition. Its optical and electrochemical properties were also investigated. This brush polymer was found to always self-assemble into a multibilayer structure, with partial interdigitation between bristles from different layers occurring via the π–π stacking of the oxadiazole mesogen units. Interestingly, when the polymer film was applied in devices with a bottom and top electrode, it showed either volatile or nonvolatile memory behavior, depending on the ordering and orientation of the multibilayer structure (particularly, the π–π stacked oxadiazole mesogen units), which could be controlled via thermal annealing. The switching mechanisms of these electrical memory behaviors wer...


In the Jefferson Lab's Electron-Ion Collider (JLEIC) project, an injector of polarized ions into the collider ring is a superconducting 8 GeV booster. Both figure-8 and racetrack booster versions were considered. Our analysis showed that the figure-8 ring configuration allows one to preserve the polarization of any ion species during beam acceleration using only small longitudinal field with an integral less than 0.5 Tm. In the racetrack booster, to pre-serve the polarization of ions with the exception of deu-terons, it suffices to use a solenoidal Siberian snake with a maximum field integral of 30 Tm. To preserve deuteron polarization, we propose to use arc magnets for the race-track booster structure with a field ramp rate of the order of 1 T/s. We calculate deuteron and proton beam polari-zations in both the figure-8 and racetrack boosters includ-ing alignment errors of their magnetic elements using the Zgoubi code.


Carbohydrates have always attracted large interests in their synthesis and applications. Due to their diversified roles, they have been employed in many synthetic methodologies as well as building blocks of numerous natural products. This thesis would explore the different roles of carbohydrates and successful examples of their applications would be demonstrated. Part 1: In the first part of the thesis, pyrrolidine derivatives were constructed in high diastereoselectivities and good yields through a [3 + 2] cycloaddition of a tertbutyldimethylsilyl protected carbohydrate allene with a range of imines. Following which, the carbohydrate auxiliary was removed and pyrrolidines were afforded with excellent enantioselectivities of up to 99% ee. The potential of this strategy was further demonstrated by the selective reduction of the pyrrolidines. Part 2: In the second part, carbohydrate-integrated isoxazolines were synthesized from 2nitroglycals and sulfur ylides in the presence of 1-phenylthiourea catalyst. The reactions underwent [4 + 1] annulations and rearrangement to afford the


We show experimentally the applicability of interactive evolutionary computation (IEC) to a new application field, mental health measurement. We had 3 schizophrenics and 5 mentally healthy students design happy and sad impression computer graphics (CG) fighting images using IEC and asked other 33 students to evaluate the CG images using Scheffe's method of paired comparison. Statistical tests of the evaluations showed that the range of emotional impressions perceived by the three schizophrenics between happy-sad was significantly narrower than that which was perceived by the mentally healthy students (p < 0.01). This experimental result implies that IEC has potential to contribute to psychiatry, and it also showed the possibility to expand IEC applicability beyond conventional system optimization and to a new area, mental health measurement.


From the assumption that an individual's working memory capacity is limited, the cognitive load theory is concerned with providing adequate instructional design so as to avoid overloading the learner's working memory. Based on the cognitive load theory, this study aimed to provide implications for effective problem-based collaborative teaching and learning design by analyzing the level of middle school students' cognitive load which is perceived according to the problem types(short answer type, narrative type, project) in the process of collaborative problem solving in middle school function part. To do this, this study analyzed whether there is a relevant difference in the level of cognitive load for the problem type according to the math achievement level and gender in the process of cooperative problem solving. As a result, there was a relevant difference in the task burden and task difficulty perceived according to the types of problems in both first and second graders in middle schools students. and there was no significant difference in the cognitive effort. In addition, the efficacy of task performance differed between first and second graders. The significance of this study is as follows: in the process of collaborative problem solving learning, which is most frequently used in school classrooms, it examined students'' cognitive load according to problem types in various aspects of grade, achievement level, and gender.


Abstract The abundance of machine-readable information now available from computer-based literature searches and electronic mail, bulletin boards, and news services is imposing a burdensome filtering task upon some users. Messages are often poorly indexed and sometimes not indexed at all. However, the task of filtering desired information from various input streams could be automated if computers could be programmed to categorize the messages as to their content. This kind of message filtering can be implemented by borrowing some pattern-recognition technology that has been used in other applications such as speech recognition[8].


As promised, here are the slides on how-to register predictions, working Top-Down, done in class, and a copy of the the text.

When we complete the comparison of predictions and what we actually find next week, I'll upload a copy of those slides too.

There's also a copy of the Hybrid text we'll analyse Bottom-Up next week - so start analysing!

Please BRING print-outs of BOTH texts to class next week!!

Have a good week,
dm


Along with advance of science and technology and popularization of information technology, the laboratory information system in hospital has been a developmental trend of department of laboratory medicine, and laboratory automation flow is becoming a hotspot cared with current calibration.


The natural resource curse is a widely documented hypothesis that attempts to explain why countries that receive large oil and mineral revenues often fail to better the lives of their citizens, often lowering standard of living. This study looks to examine the effects of electricity exports on quality of life in Africa. This project data from the World Bank, the United Nations Development Programme, and the CIA World Factbook to examine twenty-five countries from 2005-2008, providing one hundred observations. OLS regression results show that electricity exports in Africa significantly increase levels of corruption, and that the increase in corruption negatively affects standard of living, supporting the project's hypothesis that electricity exports are the source of a natural resource curse in Africa.


HVAC systems must counteract weather forces when outdoor temperature or humidity moves away from an acceptable range for safety and comfort. Consequently, a clear understanding of weather behavior is helpful for system designers and operators. Shortcomings in that understanding are often at the root of problems involving poor indoor air quality and premature deterioration of buildings and HVAC equipment


Atlas de Geografía Humana constitutes a critique of the much vaunted notion of a progressive Spain that has rectified the gender inequalities of the Francoist era, as one of the highly educated and successful protagonists, Fran, unwittingly adopts her mother's alignment with patriarchal norms. This novel elucidates the incompatibility of the private and public sphere in Spain, for it is only with the protagonist's renewal of her commitment to the private sphere that she will save her marriage, despite its negative consequences for her career. Fran's ambiguous decision to have a child sustains the view that a traditional mentality governs the Spanish private sphere, and that the demands of the public and private spheres are frequently irreconcilable. In this article, I explore the current situation of women in Spain, and I then proceed to examine the motifs of the mother-daughter relationship and childfreedom in this novel.


The large-scale removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is likely to be important in maintaining temperature rise "well below" 2oC, and vital in achieving the most stringent 1.5oC target. Whilst various literature efforts have estimated the global potential of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) for a range of technologies with different degrees of certainty, regional bottlenecks for their deployment remain largely overlooked. Quantifying these barriers, through national and local case studies, rather than with aggregated approaches, would guide policy and research, as well as investments, towards regions that are likely to play a prominent role in CDR deployment. Five CDR technologies – including afforestation/reforestation, bioenergy with carbon capture and Storage, biochar, direct air capture and enhanced weathering – are compared in this work. We discuss main technical, socio-economic and regulatory bottlenecks that have been scarcely investigated at regional level, and provide directions for further research. We identify the availability of accessible land, water, low carbon energy and CO2 storage as key regional drivers and bottlenecks to most CDR technologies. We discuss the caveats in CO2 accounting in assessing the performance of each technology, and the need for an international regulatory framework which captures these differences. Finally, we highlight the social, economic and political drivers which are central in unlocking the large scale deployment of CDR technologies, in a cost attractive, socially acceptable and politically achievable way.


The work sets out a method and evaluates the accuracy of a 3D printed turbine flow meter for open channel and pipe flow; that can be optimised for different situations.  The motivation for this project was to create flow meters that are low cost and available to community groups and interested individuals, this work was conducted as part of the CAMELLIA project (Community Water Management for a Liveable London).  The flowmeters have been trialled in a number of locations by users with different skill sets and technical know-how.  Hall effect sensors have been coupled with consumer grade electronics to develop the most opensource system possible.  This work has taken advantage of recent advances in DLP printing, allowing for greater resolution at a lower cost than previous generations of 3D printers.  This is combined with work developed by the Open Prop software team, has enabled user customisable sensors to be built.

The presented work aims to create an opensource, low cost and easy to use solution to some flow monitoring problems.  This paper details the lessons learnt and successes of this approach; it aims to create a basis for which further development and deployment of these sensors can be achieved.


One of the features of today's university education in .Japan is its very large scale. Moreover, it has become quite difIerent in concept as well as extent from that before the 'Var. After the \Var, the policy of democratization of higher education was stressed, and many junior colleges ,vere upgraded to universities. According to recent statistics, the number of university students is at present about a quarter of the population of the same age, this ratio having been that of junior high school education before the \Var. The stress of such development may have brought about a certain depression of the average standards of Japanese universities. However, in view of the remarkable economic progress which Japan has realized, this educational development seems justified. The lowering of the average standards of universities can be seen as an unfortunate by-product of an otherwise successful system.


We propose a microfluidic device to analyze the feature of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) from an electric property. In this device, we assessed the body size of C. elegans using the microchip in which a capacitance sensor was embedded. This device is mainly composed of two parts. One is a tapered micro channel. The tapered micro channel was used to immobilize C. elegans and directly measure the body size by an optical microscope. The other is a pair of electrode. The electrode is attached on the bottom of the tapered micro channel to measure the capacitance change. The capacitance change happens when C. elegans is placed in the gap between the electrodes. To measure the body size of C. elegans by capacitance change, the suspension with C. elegans was introduced from the inlet and then the solution was sucked through the tapered micro channel by negative pressure. When the suspension of C. elegans was sucked, the position of C. elegans was controlled in the tapered micro channel. The body size and the capacitance change of total 15 C. elegans were measured. The body size of C. elegans was measured by the digital optical microscope and the capacitance change was measured by the proposed microchip. By comparison with the result of two methods, we confirmed the capacitance change was related with the body size of C. elegans.


In this work, we present an integrated approach to synthesize process intensification systems with guaranteed flexibility and safety performances. The synthesis of intensified equipment/flowsheets is addressed through the Generalized Modular Representation Framework (GMF), which utilizes an aggregation of multifunctional mass/heat exchange modules to represent chemical processes. Thus, the optimal design options are investigated as mass- and heat-transfer opportunities using superstructure-based optimization techniques without a prepostulation of plausible configurations. To ensure that the designs can be operated under a specified range of uncertain parameters, a multiperiod GMF representation is developed based on the critical operating conditions identified by flexibility test. Risk assessment, accounting for equipment failure frequency and consequence severity, is incorporated as a constraint into this synthesis model to derive inherently safer designs. The resulting safely operable intensified system...


As intellectual property chapters are now regularly part of free trade agreements, countries need to have a clear view of what elements of a patent system will encourage domestic innovation and what elements will simply raise the cost of goods and services. Drawing on the range of empirical material available about patent systems this paper presents an initial analysis of critical design elements to maximize economic welfare while implementing patent policy in developing and technology-importing economies. Key issues considered are: patent policy objectives; limitations to patentable subject matter; the height of the inventive step; the privileges provided by patents; incentives, penalties and strategic gaming; and transparency issues particularly oversight, evaluation and audit. Development of a set of policy principles which align with maximizing national economic well-being goes some way to meeting the goals of the Development Agenda Group put forward in the context of WIPO's Committee on Development and Intellectual Property. Such a set of principles would also play a useful role in assessing the value of patents in trading for improved market access for goods and services thus assisting an evidence-based approach to trade negotiations.


We propose an exact closed‐form synthesis method for the design of broadband dispersive delay structures (DDSs) formed by the series connection of commensurate all‐pass C‐ and D‐sections. In this method, the transfer function synthesis problem is converted into a Hurwitz polynomial generation problem, where the real roots correspond to C‐sections and the complex roots correspond to D‐sections. Several design examples are provided to illustrate the proposed synthesis method. A prototype is implemented in strip‐line configuration and fabricated in LTCC technology, and the measured response is in good agreement with the prescribed and full‐wave responses. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 24:322–331, 2014.


The sugar cane industry residue/waste such as sugar cane bagasse contains complex lignocellulosic material, which can be used as an ideal and low cost carbon and energy source for the growth of microbes and production of microbial metabolites under submerged fermentation after pretreatment process. The sugar cane bagasse was pretreated with acid/base (0.3N and 0.6N H2SO4, NH4OH; 2.5% and 5.0% H2O2) to fermentable sugars. These fermentable sugars were used with mineral medium for the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus and production of industrially important enzyme lipase. Aspergillus fumigatus secreted maximum production of lipase 40.0 U/ml at 48 hours cultivation time, when it was grown on city sugar cane bagasse hydrolysate (pretreated with 0.6N NH4OH) mineral medium in comparison to industrial bagasse and other acid/base hydrolyzed sugar cane bagasse. The final pH of culture broth, reducing sugar and lipase activity were checked from fermented medium


Deep brain stimulation (DBS) for movement disorders, in particular, Parkinson's disease and essential tremor, is a very well established treatment modality with proven efficacy in randomised controlled trials compared with best medical treatment.1 ,2

What is lacking is the answer to the question whether this is a sustained treatment effect over decades, as patients have a close to normal life expectancy, or whether DBS only works temporarily until the disease has progressed to a stage were DBS is rendered inefficacious. A positive question linked to this is whether DBS may even …


The object of the thesis is design to a small cloud system that could provide a comprehensive solutions the information system of village government aimed at fulfilling basic and mediate services through cloud applications as a way of developing the information of municipal authorities. Solution consisted of a feasibility study as the highest degree of proposed project. After analyzing the requirements of village self-government to modernize an existing infrastructure was designed model of using cloud applications. On based proposed solutions can be successful and effective using the cloud will reduce IT costs, increase productivity and allow employees to focus on their goals.


So as to study the effects of seed pelleting on the physiological characteristics of rice, took the japonica hybrid rice variety Tianlongyou 619 as the material, this experiment adopted different pelletized packaging materials and different sowing methods to test the physiological characteristics of rice at different growth stages under field cultivation conditions. Seen from The results, it showed that the soluble sugar content, soluble starch content, soluble protein content and peroxidase activity of the seed granulated rice were increased during the growth process, and the physiological indexes of rice in the T3 treatment (soil-to-fertilizer mass ratio was 100:1) increased the most. The seeding method of 4 seeds per hole was the most effective to improve the physiological characteristics of rice. The granulation of seed-pelleting and the seeding method with 4 seeds per hole have some advantages for the direct cultivation of northern japonica rice.


Summary form only given. InAs nanowire growth is carried out on a thin grainy layer of SiOx on Si (111), utilizing the openings of pinholes in the SiOx layer by isotropic wet etching. SiOx layers with different initial thicknesses were deposited and etched down to different thicknesses, to investigate the influence of the initial layer roughness and the etching depth on the formation of pinholes and thereafter the nanowire growth.


Decreasing fluorescence efficiency in the solid-state is general and is mainly attributed to the intermolecular vibronic interactions, which induce the nonradiative deactivation process. Whereas the isolated dye molecules are virtually non-luminescent in dilute solutions, they become highly emissive upon solution thickening or aggregation in poor solvents or in the solid-state show an increase of luminescence intensity, the phenomenon of the aggregation-induced emission (AIE phenomenon). The development of efficient luminescent materials is a topic of great current interest. Theoretical calculation shows that the dye molecules' aggregation-induced emission characteristics result from intermolecular interactions. Utilizing such features, the molecules can be employed as fluorescent probes for the detection of the ethanol content in aqueous solutions. Quantum-chemical calculations using the method of density functional theory the computations of structure and electronic spectra of aggregated forms of 5-(4'-dimethylaminobenzylidene)barbituric acid and the Gaussian 98 program packages have been performed. The unusual spectral behavior of 5-(4'-dimethylamino-benzylidene)barbituric acid was investigated theoretically by the DFT method and its time-dependent variant TDDFT. Calculations carried out using Zindo, as well as ab initio calculations, confirm the appearance of a new band during aggregation and its shift to the red region when the number of molecules increases.


It was a great honor to serve as President of The American Physical Society during the Bicentennial year of the United States. In this article I will report briefly on the accomplishments of the APS in 1976 and then move on to a more personal account—my own feelings and impressions of the image of the physicist and his role in the larger society. I hope to do away with a few stereotypes, shatter some myths and, finally, outline the potential for physicists making greater contributions to the solution of societal problems than they have ever done before. I will start with the commemoration of the Bicentennial.


This article employs the vehicle of midrash to explore the power relations implicit in male-centred theological thinking. It argues that women pastoral theologians have been slow to critique the conventions of practical theology but that it is now possible to trace the contours of an emerging feminist re-formation of the discipline. This constructive work moves beyond a critique of male dominance to explore the ambivalence of women's lives and the violence at the heart of the Christian tradition.


Have different redox levels, preferably by the inclusion of two or more active materials having different particle size, reducing the dead volume to a minimum, at the same time, the battery capacity by increasing the electrode density and electrode loading increasing, by successive action of cathode active materials in a discharge process, it exhibits excellent discharge characteristics at high rate discharge range, a lithium secondary battery.


Diazepam (Valium) is one of the most prescribed medications in the world. Patients on Diazepam may need platelet function evaluation. Therefore, a study of its effect on both in vivo and in vitro platelet function was undertaken in 8 normal volunteers. Diazepam (10–40μg/ml) was incubated in vitro with platelet rich plasma (250,000/μl) at intervals of 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes followed by determination of platelet aggregation and 14C-serotonin release. Fifty percent inhibition of platelet aggregation and release by Diazepam was obtained at 1 hr with epinephrine (p<0.01) and at 2 hrs with ADP (p<0.01), but no significant effect was noted with collagen. The Diazepam inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation and release was overcome by high concentrations of aggregating agents, suggesting that its primary effect is not mediated by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Following oral ingestion of 5mg of Diazepam, platelet aggregation and 14C-serotonin release were determined serially (2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours) in the 8 normal subjects. After 8 hours, Diazepam inhibited ADP-induced aggregation and release by 39% (p<0.01) and epinephrine by 50% (p<0.01). No significant inhibition of collagen was observed. Forty-eight hours after Diazepam intake, platelet function returned to normal in all subjects. Our data show that Diazepam impairs both platelet aggregation and release in vitro and in vivo. Although the effect of Diazepam on in vivo hemostasis is still uncertain, our results suggest caution in the interpretation of platelet function testing in patients on this drug.


nostalgia and excessive re-telling. It is nevertheless odd, then, that Richter's 1961 film Dadascope takes on such a valued and prominent role in the book's Epilogue. The work reads as a product of extensive research, covering the whole temporal span of the movement, as well as all the main geographical centres in which it existed (though notably missing out some of the lesser-studied, but important, peripheral strands). Dayan sets up an interesting and productive dichotomy between the existence and use of music within Dada, and the existence of writing about this music. This is a tension that he maintains throughout the text, leading to one of his more important conclusions: that music was an integral part of Dada events, particularly those of Zurich, but that writing about it was oddly absent. Dayan is also careful to differentiate between the music of Dada, and the 'sound' of Dada, that is to say, to move away from the common preconception of the movement as creator of raucous and unorganised noise (the boom of the Dada drum), a perception that Dada scholarship has been guilty of perpetuating. Another important strand in the research is the presentation of Paris Dada's destructive force in terms of the original principles of the movement, highlighting the known increase in literary and Francophone leaning, but bringing with it a key and novel alignment with the reduction in the role of music. We might suggest this as a reasoning behind the enduring aforementioned image of Dada as noisy but unmusical. It would have been nice to see stronger situating of the research within its field: while the work is novel as a text dedicated to the music of Dada, it stems from a heritage that goes fairly unacknowledged by the author, including existing work on Dada music through dance and film. That 'Dada creates a true intermediality' (173) has long been argued in kind in Dada research, and it is odd to see the fact that music lags behind art presented as surprising. Nonetheless, Dayan's aim 'to trace the boundaries that the Dadaists themselves created around music' (174) is very successfully achieved, particularly given how few primary sources remain that enable a scholar to talk about this music; the discussion of Chanson Dada, Ursonate and the simultaneous poems is particularly engaging and valuable. As a whole, the text brings a welcome, fresh perspective to the field, and will be of interest to scholars and non-academics alike.


The method involves twisting multiple plastic monofilaments (1a, 1b) together around a longitudinal axis in a rotational direction at predetermined rotational speed. The plastic monofilaments are twisted together with filament yarns (2a, 2b) in an opposite rotational direction at the predetermined rotational speed. The twisted plastic monofilaments are completely rotated back and the plastic monofilaments twisted with the filament yarns are interwoven as warp and weft threads to form a backing fabric. A surface of the backing fabric is coated with elastomer mass. An independent claim is also included for a backing fabric comprising interwoven warp and weft threads.


An analysis is presented on China's allocations of public education resources for general higher education,amounts of public funding per student in higher education,and changes in the index of public funding since 1993.An appraisal is made on the trends of such index changes and their rationality.


The urban canopy layer is characterised by a specific climate which significantly differs from the average regional climate conditions. Especially inside urban structures such as street canyons, shopping malls or public places, the local microclimate depends directly on the physical properties of the surrounding surfaces and objects, producing well-known effects such as wind speed decrease, local jets, increased turbulence or increased thermal loads. These phenomena can have a strong influence on the comfort of pedestrians using these areas for different tasks of urban life or leisure activities. Assessing urban climate means to answer the question, how the citizens feel under the given circumstances and to decide, whether the urban design, the usage of urban structures and the needs of the pedestrians fit together or not. This complex assessment process requires a queue of different methods starting with numerical climate models that provide the meteorological parameters ending up with a set of models that simulate the comfort level or the behaviour of citizens acting inside the structure. In this paper, the Multi-Agent model climBOT is presented which aims to simulate the interactions between local climate and pedestrian behaviour. The different modules needed for that task are outlined and the general perception-decision approach for the agents is shown.


Unmanned cars' developing involves at least three major sections: environment perception, decision-making and subsequent vehicle control. Whereas the first and the latter have proven almost-solved problems, decision-making is considered to be the most important and difficult section in unmanned cars. In fact, no matter normal or unmanned cars, to ensure their safety, appropriate decision must be made timely by either human driver or computer. In this article, we present a decision-making method based on drivable area cutting. We considered the most common elements in actual driving process including traffic signs, traffic lights, pedestrians, vehicles and even other vehicles' lights and horns to cut drivable area. We name it safe area for this cut-drivable area. Then decision is made based on the safe area. Experiment results show that our method works well in the highway and can be used in different environment with little change.


Abstract Anorexia Nervosa: A Guide to Recovery, Lindsey Hall and Monika Ostroff, Carlsbad, CA: Gurze Designs and Books, 1998, 192 pages, $13.95. Women's Mental Health in Primary Care, Kathryn J. Zerbe, Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, 1999, 366 pages, $39.00. Adios Barbie, Ophira Edut (Editor), Seattle, WA: Seal Press, 1998. 236 pages, $14.95. Just the Weigh You Are: How to be Fit and Healthy, Whatever Your Size, Steven Jonas and Linda Konner. Vermont: Chapters Publishing Ltd., 1997, 256 pages, $13.00 (paper).


Photographs of the body of a drowned three-year-old Kurdish boy from Syria washed up on a Turkish beach encapsulated the plight of refugees fleeing the (so-called) civil war in Syria with particular pathos and power. Through what these photographs index, this essay considers what they open up and open on to: the philosophical problematics embedded in the political issues the refugee crisis raises. These issues and problematics are rendered legible in Jacques Derrida's recently published seminar on the death penalty and in his reflections on cosmopolitanism. Together, they prompt further reflections on what I call spectatorial responsibility as a potential cosmopolitical site.


This research aims to describe and classify the errors that was made by students in translating informative text in English into "Bahasa Indonesia" with Google translate (GT) application. This research applies errors analysis method with content analysis approach. The procedure to do the research are: data collection, identification of errors, classification of errors, and statement of errors frequency. The result shows that the errors mostly found in lexis level such as omission, adding, and untranslated both in content and function. While in the grammar level, there were some errors found like the word class changing, tenses, and agreement. In semantic level, there were errors on confusion of senses, wrong choice, and idioms. Lastly, in discourse level there were errors on style, variety, and should not be translated. To conclude, the lexical errors that found in the result of translating informative text by Google is for about 98 %. The other errors also found in grammar for about 0,007%, semantic for about 0.008% and discourse for about 0.005%. It means that Google translate made many errors in translating informative text, but it can be as an alternative choice to get the rapid translation result from English text into Bahasa Indonesia.


ABSTRACT HIV testing and counseling (HTC) services are essential for all HIV prevention and treatment interventions. Evidence is limited on the role of private healthcare providers in providing HTC services. This study assessed the relevant beliefs for intervention to enhance the intention to offer HTC services among private healthcare providers. A cross-sectional study included 387 private healthcare providers who completed a questionnaire about beliefs and intentions regarding offering HTC services. A Confidence Interval Based Estimation of Relevance (CIBER) approach was used to identify the most relevant beliefs. The behavioral belief "Offering HTC services would cause patients to feel worries" and the normative belief "My managers believe that I should offer HTC services to patients" were relevant beliefs for intervention. The control beliefs "If I offer HTC services, I spend more time with the patients" and "Patients are at low risk of HIV, and they would not need HTC services" were significantly associated with intention and important intervention candidates. The belief "If I offer HTC services, I would be concerned about HIV test results confidentiality" was a relevant belief to target with intervention. The beliefs of private service providers differ in their association with relevance to their intention to offer HTC services. More relevant beliefs need to be selected to increase the potential effectiveness of the interventions to promote the private healthcare providers' intentions to offer HTC services.


By Sharon Carlson, Director, University Archives and Regional History Collections Knauss retired for a second time in The process of handling University 1959, and Alan S. Brown of the papers requires departments to place Department of History was asked to take records in boxes and send them to the over the work. Brown continued teaching Archives according to the records retenon a part-time basis and devoted the rest tion and disposal schedule. Inventories of his time to the administration of the are prepared by the departments and the


Objective:To observe the chemical stability of seven common injections mixed with Levofloxacin Lactate at room temperature for 8 hours. Method: Convolution spectrometry was used together with the observation of external appearance and the test of pH value. The results were presented quantitatively with subtract spectrometry value. Result: There were no obvious changes in the external appearance and pH value in 8 hours. The subtract spectrometry value of Levofloxacin Lactate mixed with the other injections was less than 10% except with Sodium Lactate, by convolution spectrometry during 8 hours. Conclusion: Levofloxacin Lactate can be mixed with other common injections except Sodium Lactate injection at room temperature for 8 hours.


Nitroalkenes (I), 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, and primary aromatic amines react via a catalytic sequence of Fe(III)-catalyzed amination/Michael/cycloisomerization reactions to efficiently give the title compounds (IV) (26 examples).


This paper proposes the implementation of reading-based classroom activities for teaching English as a foreign language in Indonesia. Compared to other language skills, reading is viewed to provide a relatively stable foundation for Indonesian students to develop their communicative competence in English. It is argued that reading-focused activities stimulate confidence for Indonesian learners to get involved in listening, speaking, and writing related-activities in ways that are similar to normal daily life communication. The reasons for the proposed implementation of reading-based classroom activities in TEFLIN and the role of reading and its relation with other language skills are presented.


This paper builds a case for examining suicide in the U.S. military relative to broad societal context, specifically, the unique experiences of birth cohorts relating to processes described by Durkheim's theory of suicide. In more recent birth cohorts, suicide rates have increased among teenagers and young adults. In addition, suicide rates of age intervals at a given time period have been reliably predicted by the size of the birth cohort and the percentage of nonmarital births—supposed indicators of Durkheim's diminished social integration and behavioral regulation. Consequences of these trends are likely more evident in the U.S. military due to having proportionally more individuals known to be at risk for suicide, that is, young males who are from nontraditional households. The all-volunteer force compared to draft force has fewer applicants to select, and proportionally more of applicants are accepted for military service. Consequently, more recruits having varied conditions now than before, perhaps including greater vulnerability to suicide, serve in the U.S. military. These points are further elaborated with supporting evidence, concluding with a call for new directions in suicide research, practice, and policy.


A pair of heavy leptons with a mass of 1.8 GeV can explain the step- function-like behavior of the charge-particle energy fraction in e$sup +$e$sup -$ annihilation except for the resonance region around 4.1 GeV. The preliminary result of the e-$mu$ events reported by Perl, in particular the effects of spin alignment, are discussed in terms of this heavy lepton. We comment on a possible way to distinguish the heavy lepton from heavy hadrons. (AIP)


The present study examined generational differences in ethnicity maintenance among Korean-Chinese to understand the impact of recent social change on a Korean-Chinese ethnic community in China. A total of 1355 Korean-Chinese (557 parents and 798 children), who live in Shenyang, China, participated in this study. The subjects were asked about their language use during daily conversations and cultural activities. They were also asked about their ethnic identity and perceptions of social distance from Chinese people. The results reveal that the Korean-Chinese parent generation is more likely to maintain its ethnic language, while the child generation is more likely to maintain its ethnic culture. Second, more parents than children considered themselves as 'Korean-Chinese' rather than 'Chinese'. Third, members of the child generation show less social distance from Chinese people than do the parent generation. These results show a strong tendency towards ethnicity maintenance among Korean Chinese as well as recent changes in the community. This study argues for the importance of school education and school environment in maintaining the ethnic language and culture of Korean-Chinese children.


Bioabsorbable interface screw is a kind of fixation instrument which uses interference fit to produce tightening force. The mechanical properties of interface screws, which are mainly used for cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery, have a strong correlation with thread parameters. Due to the different contact stresses caused by the different contact environments of each section of the interface screw after knee ligament reconstruction, this paper proposed a parametric design method for the three-section interface screw. In this study, the cross-section perpendicular to the axis was used as the reference plane for modeling, and a mathematical model of the structural parameters of each cross-section was established. Finally, through the python module of the open design platform GRASSHOPPER, the mathematical model established was applied to the parametric design of the interface screw.


Homicide is the most heinous crime committed against the person due to interpersonal violence and embraces every mode of violent death; today it has become one of the major threats to the modern society and this has been increasing at an alarming rate all over the world including India.


A number of 200 fertile eggs (57.34 ±0.81 g) from 29-week-old Cobb broiler breeders were incubated. After hatching, chicks were sexed and weighed. Three sexed groups were designated to different post-hatching feeding management: feed and water ad libitum, 24 hours fasting, and 48 hours fasting. Feed and water were offered ad libitum to the chicks in treatments 2 and 3 after fasting period until 120 hours of age. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance followed by least squares regression, and means were compared by F Test at 5% significance level. For each age period, 4 birds per group were weighed and euthanized. Blood was collected in Eppendorf tubes containing a drop of anticoagulant. Fit equations were determined for each blood parameter tested: plasma glucose concentration (PGC, mg/dL), plasma protein concentration (PPC, μg/dL), total red blood cell count (RBC, x10/μL), hematocrit volume (HCT, %) , mean corpuscular volume (MCV, fL), hemoglobin concentration (HGB, g/dL), and specific lymphocytes count (L, %) and heterophil (H, %) to determine heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (H/L). PGC = 191.22 1.91271 T + 0.03504 T + 0.62285 A (R =0.2675); PPC (females) = 1.22 + 0.00480 T + 0.02558 A 0.00015 A (R =0.2488); PPC (males) = 2.78 – 0.00364 T + 0.00096T – 0.00677 A + 0.00009 A – 0.00055 TA (R =0.5397); RBC = 1.17 + 0.01355 T + 0.02953 A 0.00016 A – 0.00022 TA (R =0.2488); HCT = 15.25 + 0.14548 T + 0.28015 A 0.00157 A – 0.00248 TA (R =0.1135); MCV (females) = 0.00011 0.04507 T 0.13893 A + 0.00145 A (R =0.4164); MCV (male) = 109.07 + 0.71290 A (R =0.2761); HGB = 6.61 + 0.10260 T + 0.11182 A 0.00054 A – 0.00146 TA (R =0.1182); H = 40.81 0.15528 T + 0.71576 A 0.00719 A (R =0.4485); L = 92.12 – 2.79 T + 0.04134 T – 0.00016 T (R =0.3726); H/L = -2.41 + 0.23095 T + 0.00354 T + 0.00001 T (R =0.3404), where T is fasting time (in hours), and A is age (in hours). Statistical differences were observed between sexes for PPC and MCV, and these were analyzed separately. Fasting time affected L and H/L ratio, and age (A) affected MVC (males). TxA interaction significantly affected PPC (males), RBC, HCT, and HGB. Fasting time (T) and Age (A) affected PGC, PPC (females), MCV (females), and H, but their interaction was not significant.


Abstract Intersinus septal cells (ISSC) are defined as cells confined to the thin septum separating the frontal sinuses. In 2008, Som et al. first described four cases with a mucocele proved to have arisen in ISSC. Here, we report two cases with a mucocele in ISSC, representing the second report to appear in the English literature. Case 1 involved a mucocele in the center of the frontal lesion with rudimentary bilateral frontal sinuses, which suggested that the ISSC mucocele occurred during very early development of the frontal sinuses. Case 2 concerned a mucocele in the unilocular frontal sinus invading the left orbit. The frontal sinus septum was destroyed with partial 'Y'-shaped remnants, which implied the ballooning and bursting of the ISSC mucocele into both sides of the frontal sinus. The two different mechanisms of development of the ISSC mucoceles may vary in relation to the time of onset.


Human trafficking is the fastest growing form of organised crime and the biggest source of income for criminals in Europe. Within the prostitution sector, there is a shift towards less visible form...


Radical frequency (RF) measurement has become hot point in field of partial discharge detection. However, a big problem that hampers the application of this method is difficult to establish a relationship between data from RF measurement and apparent discharge quantity, that is, use RF signal to estimate the apparent discharge. In this paper, on the basis of the experiment model of metal protrusion, the relationship between RF measurement and pulse current method (IEC60270) was investigated. The relationship curves of energy, double integration, peak voltage, peak-peak voltage, area of the RF signal relative to apparent discharge quantity or the square of apparent discharge quantity were plotted and the optimal regression curve was found out. At the same time, the impacts of voltage and the distance between protrusion and plate were investigated as well. The results indicate that the optimal regression curve is energy of RF signal relative to square of apparent discharge quantity. The variation of voltage has no impact on the regression curve, that is, data from different voltage regress to one line. However, while the distance between protrusion and plate is changed, the slope of regression curve changes according to it and the same energy is corresponding to bigger discharge quantity. The results are valuable to be applied in the field of estimation of the discharge quantity of RF partial discharge signal.


A multipurpose field equipment was designed, fabricated and tested by the authors at the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. The machine consists principally of a transmission system, frame and wheels, trailer, operator's cab and the steering system, a front mounted scraper, a rear mounted tillage implement and the roller.The equipment is useful for field operations; transportation and stationary operations. The 29.59 kW prime mover was designed for small- and medium-scale farm holders. The machine field capacity was about 5 hectares per eight working hours of the day (0.67 hectare/hour). The haulage capacity of the trailer was about l tonne. All the special attachments to the equipment (scraper, tillage implement and the roller) performed satisfactorily on the field. The cost of the equipment was estimated as x460,000, as opposed to a cost of between x2 - x5 million for imported tractors. A forward speed of l.4 to 1.6mls would be appropriate for optimum performance of the equipment.


This article focuses on the resurgence of urban bathhouses (called estuves in French after the stoves that heated them) between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries in Paris and other northern French-speaking cities. Popular and widespread institutions, bathhouses contributed to both individual well-being and civic health in cities across the kingdom. Using medical treatises, trial records, literary sources, and archival documentation, the article argues that bathhouses encouraged sociability, brought disparate groups together, and were in fact essential to the circulation and well-being of people in medieval cities as places of emotional community.


Postmodernism text starts the new stage of text theory,and it denies and surpasses the text of modernism expressing truth and possesses its exclusive characters.


This paper gives details of a new phase-selection scheme for simultaneous phase-ground faults on both circuits of double circuit EHV transmission lines. Fast phase selection (within half a cycle) can be achieved by using the information contained within the fault transients. The theory is presented along with results obtained through simulations using EMTP. The scheme enables single pole tripping to be employed for simultaneous faults. The proposed scheme does not require communication between the two ends of the line. Limitations due to the low bandwidth of CVTs have not caused problems and the method has shown immunity to system noise.


Abstract. A method for amplitude–phase calibration of tri-axial
accelerometers in the low-frequency range (0 to 20 Hz) is proposed, based on
a linear slide, used to excite all the axes of the accelerometer at the same
time, and a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) as a reference. For the phase
evaluation different methods, like cross-correlation analysis
and cross-spectrum analysis, have also been used for validation purposes. The procedure
includes many further validation actions in order to verify the correctness
of modelling of the systems being tested, of the data processing and to reduce
the calibration uncertainty. Results show that the phase is a critical aspect to consider in calibration,
more than the amplitude, and the comparison with the theoretical model is
useful to verify the hypotheses. Different behaviours result depending on
the elements of the measurement chain and not only on the type of
accelerometer.


The contraceptive use rate in 1991 was 79.4%, which showed that the contraceptive use rate had reached the saturation point in Korea. In fact, the rapid increase in the use rate was evaluated as one of three major contributors in decreasing the TFR below the replacement level along with marriage age and induced abortion. The objective of this study was to analyze the determinants of contraceptive use by method in 1968, 1974, 1982, 1988, and 1991 using logistic regression as the statistical method. The results showed a significant relationship between sociodemographic variables and contraceptive use. The effect was strongest in 1968. Even though the relationship was somewhat weaker in 1988, it was strong again in 1991. This result contradicts the idea that there may only be a weak or no relationship between socioeconomic variables and contraceptive use owing to the effect of popular contraceptive use and increased availability of contraceptives. The relatively weak relationship in 1988 can be explained by the reinforced family planning programs of the government during the 1980s. Based on the analysis, it maybe learned that in spite of the high contraceptive use rate part of the population is still subject to unwanted pregnancies; so the government should endeavor to provide qualitative services to improve the quality of life as well as maintain an appropriate fertility level.


In the shining of the great brilliance of Tang dynasty poetry,Rixiu Pi,the famous litterateur in later Tang dynasty,are always neglected by current scholars because of his soldiery experience and the unknown end.This article makes an attempt to study and analyze the whole feature of his theory of literature from the aspects of his living space and writing practice.


Any institution of higher education intending to conduct a major reform of its general education program inevitably will confront the multiple challenges of designing and delivering a curriculum with "understood purposes and proven effectiveness" (Reynolds, 1998, p. 150). Successfully meeting those challenges may entail significant alteration of the substance and oversight procedures that typify the program being replaced. The relevant literature avail able for consultation is substantial, but typically offers case stud ies that are success stories. We believe, however, that much can be learned from curriculum reform experiences that are unsuccess ful. Hence, in this essay we pursue two interrelated goals. First, we examine the substance of a new program of general education at James Madison University (JMU) and identify design weak nesses in the new curriculum. Second, by highlighting problems encountered in the reform process at JMU, we infer a set of strat egies for effective general education reform.


century of our era, whereas Judaism traces its ancestry back to Moses almost a millennium earlier. Yet these two religions, in their classical historical form, are much more properly regarded as parallel streams of religious development, stemming from a parting of the ways between Palestinian and Hellenistic Judaism after the fall of Jerusalem in AD 70. Christianity, inheriting the sectarian, messianic, and Greek philosophical aspects of Judaism, and refounded on the new faith in Jesus as the Messiah, became more and more a gentile faith, whereas Judaism repudiated both the messianic and the philosophical developments of the preceding centuries and centred itself on the religion of Torah cultivated by the Pharisees. The classical form of both Judaism and Christianity was shaped by sages and theologians whose systems of thought found their fullest ripening in the fourth century after Christ. The fourth century was the age of the great Christian Fathers of the church. In the East there were Athanasius, Eusebius, John Chrysostom, Gregory of Nyssa, Gregory Nazianzus, and Basil the Great. The Latin side of the church found equally great minds in Jerome, Ambrose, and Augustine, whose theology continues to be normative for both Protestant and Catholic Christianity. The fourth century was also the age of the church councils, where the classical definitions of Trinitarian and Christological doctrine were decided for the whole church. The fourth century saw the rise and rapid spread of monasticism and ascetic spirituality, as well as the foundation of a Christian empire under Constantine and Theodosius. Both its classical political culture and its monastic 'counter-culture' were products of the fourth century. For Judaism the fourth century was likewise the period of the flowering of its tradition in the classical Talmudic sages. The rabbis, who rescued Jewish national life from the destruction of both the national and the religious centre of the ancient Hebrew faith with the Jewish wars of AD 70 and 136, had refounded Judaism upon the synagogue and the daily observance of the mizw6th.


It takes a school, as opposed to a single teacher, to properly educate persons with disabilities. In addition to the potential for effectiveness, such an approach may very well come with economic benefits. At one point universities offered teacher preparation programs almost solely for specific majors, such as special education. Now, lines between departments of education are more seamless. Most education majors take one or more courses in special education and get field-based experience with persons with disabilities and special education majors are taking more courses in reading and content areas to be fully certified. The dynamics of the "inclusion" concept has gotten considerable attention at the school level. Educating persons with disabilities in regular classes has been viewed as both more socially and academically beneficial than educating them in restricted settings. However, some professionals think that inclusion may be overly glorified and that eliminating traditional service delivery systems (continuum of services model), may be throwing away the baby with the bath. But if general educators are to be held more accountable for all students, they must be adequately prepared. Is what currently been done in teacher preparation programs sufficient? This presentation reviews former and current practices in educating persons with disabilities and how higher education is leading the way, or responding, in preparing exemplary personnel to meet their needs.


Continued from the previous works some properties of nuclear forces are illustrated in the analysis of d (r,P) n process. Especially a rather repulsive property of lE,* the strong tensor forces of 30 and 3E* are pointed out, and the detailed forms of the potentials are discussed. Comparison with nucleon-nucleon scattering is made. Also the applicability of pion theoretical potential is investigated, and it is shown that its applicability is rather good.


Future telecommunication networks will be digitalized and widebanded. The crosstalk between telecommunication lines will be a problem when bilateral signals are transmitted concurrently through a balanced pair cable. A study to suppress this crosstalk is being conducted on a balanced multipair cable with internal shielding for proper units, hereinafter referred to as a shielded balanced pair cable. Theoretical equations are needed to represent the crosstalk attenuation characteristics between shielded balanced pairs for the purpose of designing shield structures for such cable. Hitherto, no equation has been derived pertaining to the amount of crosstalk attenuation between shielded pairs applicable to the design of shield structures.

In this paper, shielded balanced pair cables are divided largely into unit-shielded types and screen-shielded types. Theoretical equations are derived pertaining to the amount of crosstalk between shielded balanced pairs with consideration of both direct and indirect crosstalk paths. The correspondence to measurements permits design of shield structures by confirming the adequacy of the theoretical equations.

In addition, it is established that both direct and indirect crosstalk have dominant frequency ranges considering these frequency characteristics. The electrostatic unbalanced capacitance is also presented for wire shielding within a required amount of crosstalk attenuation.


Wide-area-measurement systems (WAMSs) are used in smart grid systems to enable the efficient monitoring of grid dynamics. However, the overwhelming amount of data and the severe contamination from noise often impede the effective and efficient data analysis and storage of WAMS generated measurements. To solve this problem, we propose a novel framework that takes advantage of Multivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition (MEMD), a fully data-driven approach to analyzing non-stationary signals, dubbed MEMD based Signal Analysis (MSA). The frequency measurements are considered as a linear superposition of different oscillatory components and noise. The low-frequency components, corresponding to the long-term trend and inter-area oscillations, are grouped and compressed by MSA using the mean shift clustering algorithm. Whereas, higher-frequency components, mostly noise and potentially part of high-frequency inter-area oscillations, are analyzed using Hilbert spectral analysis and they are delineated by statistical behavior. By conducting experiments on both synthetic and real-world data, we show that the proposed framework can capture the characteristics, such as trends and inter-area oscillation, while reducing the data storage requirements.


Objective To understand the hepatitis B infection status and evaluate immunization effect in the new students from 3 different age groups in Jilin City.Methods Immunization certificate were inspected when the new students entered a school,meanwhile blood samples were taken from the target students,HBsAg and HBsAb were determined by ELISA.Re sults There was significant difference of the positive rate of HBsAg(χ2=32.36,P0.025)and HBsAb(χ2=261.33,P0.025) among three age groups of students.The positive rates of HBsAg from low to high were pupils,junior high school students and high school students;however,the positive rates of HBsAb were in the opposite order.The positive rates of HBsAb and HBsAg of male were higher than those of female's.The students live in suburbs were higher than that in city in surface antigen test.The rate of certificate coverage,vaccine immunization and timely immunization in pupils were highest,senior high students low est.Conclusion Reinforcement of hepatitis b vaccine immune can control the hepatitis b effectively.HBV prevention in se nior high school need to be strengthened.


A transonic turbine stage is computed by means of an unsteady Navier-Stokes solver. A two-equation turbulence model is coupled to a transition model based on integral parameters and an extra transport equation. The transonic stage is modeled in two dimensions with a variable span height for the rotor row. The analysis of the transonic turbine stage with stator trailing edge coolant ejection is carried out to compute the unsteady pressure and heat transfer distribution on the rotor blade under variable operating conditions. The stator coolant ejection allows the total pressure losses to be reduced, although no significant effects on the rotor heat transfer are found both in the computer simulation and the measurements. The results compare favorable with experiments in terms of both pressure distribution and heat transfer around the rotor blade.


Between the accession of Henry VIII and the death of Elizabeth I, just fewer than 600 English subjects were put to death as the penalty for suspicions aroused by their religious beliefs. The fact that this toll of bodies ranged from Roman Catholics, to supporters of a Protestant royal supremacy, to radical evangelicals and suspected Anabaptists discloses a confessional environment marked by flux and insecurity, where the boundaries between heresy and sound doctrine were being persistently and bewilderingly redrawn. The English state sought to impose a monopoly in affairs of faith, yet conformity of thought was almost impossible to achieve in a context where regimes were far from sure of their grip on power, when entrenched ecclesiastical authority could be blown apart by dynastic change and factional conflict, and theological certainties scattered to the winds. From the Edwardian reformers to the Marian revivalists, the guardians of orthodoxy in one decade could become the hunted dissidents, prisoners, or victims on the scaffold in the next. The passing of the Tudors offered no respite. The return of a tidal wave of religious conflict on the continent saw the polity rendered dysfunctional by rumours of plots, claims The Historical Journal, 51, 1 (2008), pp. 251–267 f 2008 Cambridge University Press doi:10.1017/S0018246X07006668 Printed in the United Kingdom


with numerous additional engravings. We commend this treatise to our readers. To dentists, an elementary knowledge of the principles of surgery is indispensable. We extract from the "Provincial Medical Journal," the following notice of the work. "It may be said with truth, that the 'Principles and Practice of Modern Surgery,' affords a complete though brief and condensed view of the entire field of modern surgery. We know of no work on the same subject, having the appearance of a manual, which includes so many topics of interest to the surgeon ; and the terse manner in which each has been treated, evinces a most enviable quality of mind on the part of the author, who seems to have


Based on the control of the soft ground slope stability of the cofferdam in the Jakarta KNI project,the function of soil consolidation of filling sandbags is studied in this paper.The most rational structure is proposed by optimizing the form of cross-section of the embankment and the arrangement of the sandbags and verticaldrains.The paper has considered the contribution the increase of the soft soil strength makes to the cofferdam stability,and the variation of the cofferdam global stability with stage construction is also analysised.The calculation results show that controlling the stability of the cofferdam is practicable by optimizing the form of the structure.


The surgical treatment and indication for multiple occlusive lesions at the extracranial cerebral arteries are controversial. We report on a surgically treated patient who had subclavian artery occlusion and carotid stenosis. He complained of dizziness with unconscious attack. Arterial blood pressure measured at the left arm showed evident low value in comparison to that at the right arm. Angiograms demonstrated the left subclavian arterial occlusion and the right cervical internal carotid arterial stenosis with ulceration. The two-stage operations were performed using an internal shunt system during the carotid arterial cross clamping. The first operation was right carotid endarterectomy and the second was left common carotid-subclavian bypass with Gore-tex vascular prosthesis. Postoperative angiograms demonstrated complete removal of the carotid lesion and patency of the bypass. The clinical course was excellent.


This paper focuses on the turning point experiences that worked to transform the researcher during a preliminary consultation process to seek permission to conduct of a small pilot project on one Torres Strait Island. The project aimed to learn from parents how they support their children in their mathematics learning. Drawing on a community research design, a consultative meeting was held with one Torres Strait Islander community to discuss the possibility of piloting a small project that focused on working with parents and children to learn about early mathematics processes. Preliminary data indicated that parents use networks in their community. It highlighted the funds of knowledge of mathematics that exist in the community and which are used to teach their children. Such knowledges are situated within a community's unique histories, culture and the voices of the people. "Omei" tree means the Tree of Wisdom in the Island community.


Today, over the Web there is a high availability of cloud-based services which, through their publicly available APIs, disrupt traditional industries and provide a vast number of features indicatively spanning: location-based services, photo sharing, video & music streaming, recommendations, data storage, data syncing, and social networking. This prolific array of services is fuelled by an insatiable market driven by modern European consumers constantly striving for innovative tools and services to support their personal and business needs. The OPENi project will define and deliver an open-source Web platform that will enable mobile application consumers to store data and metadata from their mobile application usage in their own space in the cloud -- the "Cloudlet". This information can be shared (by and under the control of the consumer) securely among their applications, services and across their connected devices. To realize this vision OPENi will provide the required components that will support both consumers in creating and managing their cloudlets but also Developers in creating applications that will be able to access and interact with them without disrupting service providers.
 In this paper, the OPENi cloudlet concept is outlined and the architectural blueprints are described leading to a discussion about the lessons learnt and next steps.


Four types of waste plastics and coal powder are placed in a non-oxidation atmosphere respectively for the purpose of studying their pyrolysis characteristics.The results show that under the condition of a nitrogen atmosphere,the waste plastics pyrolysis process can be mainly divided into three stages: slow cracking—fast cracking—slow cracking.The coal powder pyrolysis process is relatively gentle.To reach the maximum cracking speed,the average temperature of waste plastics is over 400℃,while the temperature of coal powder is about 900℃.As far as final cracking quantity is concerned,it is between 85%-100% for various waste plastics,while coal powder's is only 22%.There is great difference between waste plastics and coal powder.The apparent activation energy for waste plastics cracking is 6-10 times that of coal powder's.


Winawer et al. show that examination of specific seizure types—myoclonic, absence, and generalized tonic-clonic—can divide the idiopathic generalized epilepsies into groups that share susceptibility genes. They suggest the use of seizure types as well as syndromes to define groups for genetic analysis.

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### Commentary by Robert A. Gross, MD, PhD

The myriad genetic associations with idiopathic (primary) generalized epilepsies (IGE) are challenging to both researchers and caregivers. There are numerous mutations, among them voltage-gated sodium, potassium, and calcium channels and ligand-gated GABA receptors. A variety …


For future high performance rocket launchers, gelled propellants have the potential to replace conventional solid and liquid fuels by combining the individual advantages of both systems and neglecting the most disadvantages at the same time. Since gels show dierent atomization, spray and combustion behavior in comparison to liquid propellants, the investigation of single droplet vaporization and combustion is fundamental for the understanding of designing a gel operated injector system. Based on a rheological characterization of gelled JP-8 turbine fuel using fumed silica as a gelling agent, single droplet combustion experiments have been conducted. Combustion experiments have shown a typical d 2 -law behavior with considerable inuence of the gelling agent. A higher amount of gellant agent results in a reduced burning rate. Droplet size as well as droplet temperature during combustion depend strongly on the consistency of the gel.


What is the central question of this study? Do obesity‐specific factors affect skeletal muscle performance in older individuals? What is the main finding and its importance? Older obese women have a larger quadriceps femoris size but develop lower tension per unit of skeletal muscle than their normal‐weight counterparts.


This paper presents modern simulation techniques for the Signal Integrity (SI) of high speed interconnects (HSI) and full system EMC analysis. Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) is effectively use for EM and SPICE simulation. Different test boards are studied and results are validated by comparing multiple numerical methods. Guidelines for a full channel analysis are also provided and system level EMC is also investigated by means of Transmission Line Matrix (TLM) method.


It was believed that it was Qing Ying who re corded first the story that Nalanxingde ascended Guanhuage together with Gu Zhenguan and corrected his record in his old age. However, from Qin Ying's poetry collection, he didn't change his view. There are numerous documents available show that during Kangxi's twentythree years southern tour, Nalanxingde as a squire did meet Gu Guanzh in Wuxi, and ascended Guanhuage.


In this paper a new implementation technique of 1-bit full adder using Negative Differential Resistance (NDR) circuit composed of N-MOSFETs is presented. The design is based on Monostable to Bistable transition logic element (MOBILE) theory. In this circuit peak current level of the load and driver NDR is modulated by controlling the gate voltage of n-MOS device connected in parallel to the NDR element according to the logic input thus producing different output for different input. The major advantage of this NDR based full adder circuit is its power efficiency and simplicity. High speed of operation can also be obtained using NDR element. In the circuit, the current magnitudes are in the order of a few microamperes leading to lower power consumption which in turn ensures lower heat dissipation, which facilitates higher stability and reliability. The circuit is designed based on the standard 0.18μm technology. The circuit simulation is done using software, CADENCE and MATLAB.


The nucleophilic addition of OH– to trans-{(Ph3P)2Pt(CNMe)2}2+2BF4– gives the complex trans-{(Ph3P)2Pt(CNMe)[C(O)NHMe]}+ which, upon treatment with HBF4 provides a synthetic route to {(Ph3P)2Pt(CNMe)L}n+ derivatives; SH– and NHR– react similarly with {(Ph3P)2Pt(CNMe)2}2+ to give {(Ph3P)2Pt(CNMe)[C(S)NHMe]}+ and {(Ph3P)2Pt(CNMe)[C(NR)NHMe]}+, respectively.


During the last 2-3 years, there has been a lot of activities aiming to deploy broadband wireless access systems. The US LMDS auctions in February-March 1998 of 1.3 GHz of spectrum between 27.5 GHz and 31.3 GHz triggered e orts to develop system solutions and standards that have as objective to render LMDS systems competitive to other broadband, and primarily wireline, technologies. The modem design must be matched to the channel characteristics of LMDS systems, which are very di erent from those of coax and even lower frequency wireless communications systems. In addition, the cost factor is a key issue to face the competition from other technologies. A modem design meeting these two constraints is described in this paper, together with an analysis of the main impairements characterizing the LMDS channel. The modem includes fully rotational invariant TCM, amplitude phase modulation (APM), equalization and linearization.


The preparation method of the OH-Fe-organo pillaring bentonite was studied.Making it as the absorbent for phenol to explore the absorption factors and the adsorption mechanism of the OH-Fe-organo pillaring bentonite on the phenol,with aiming at researching and developing a kind of harmless and economic reaction medium of Permeate Reactive Barrier in-situ remediation technology.On the basis of sodium bentonite,using pillared agent and CTMAB to modify the soil.It reveals that using modified pillared bentonite with surfactant can improve the adsorbing capacity greatly.The conclusions indicate: using 30 g/L dosage of OH-Fe-organo pillaring bentonite,at the reaction time of 45 min and pH value of 8,the removal rate can achieved 82.8% with phenol concentration of 10 mg/L.The phenol concentration of treated water is less than the national groundwater quality Ⅲ standard.It is feasible that OH-Fe-organo pillaring bentonite as the reaction medium of PRB is to remedy the polluted soil and groundwater by the phenol.


This research was conducted at Teaching and Research Farm of Agriculture Faculty, University of Jambi, Mendalo Darat, Muaro Jambi. The aim to determine whether compost of Bladygrass can increase the growth and yield of red chili. The design used in this experiment is a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with combination dose of NPK and compost of Bradygrass as a factor :10 ton ha -1 compost + NPK 0 kg ha -1 , 10 ton ha -1 compost  + NPK 200 kg ha -1 , 10 ton ha -1 compost+NPK 400 kg ha -1 , 20 ton ha- 1 compost + NPK 0 kg ha -1 , 20 ton ha -1 compost + NPK 200 kg ha -1 and 20 ton ha -1 compost + NPK 400 kg ha -1 . The experiment consisted of four replications. The variables measured were plant height, number of fruits per plant, fruits weight per plant and yield. The results showed dose, 10 ton ha -1 of bradygrass compost  + NPK 200 kg ha -1 gave the highest number of fruits per plant,  weight of fruit per plant and   the highest yield of red chili but  non significant difference for plant height. Keywords: Red chilli, compost, bradygrass, pepper


Review(s) of: Lucretius, by John Godwin, Ancients in Action. London: Bristol Classical Press / Duckworth Press, 2004. Pp. 141. ISBN 1-85399-671-8. GBP10.99.


Electric Arc Furnaces which are used for melting and recovery of metals in steelmaking plants, due to the nature of the arc melting process, cause many power quality problems such as current and voltage harmonics, flicker, current and voltage unbalance, low power factor and etc. Static Var Compensator (SVC) is a suitable system for reactive power compensation and power quality improvement. To use SVC for improving power quality at arc furnace bus, it is necessary to determine the SVC harmonic filters parameters based on required reactive power for electric arc furnaces. Also, the order of harmonic filters which is specified must be proportionate with electric arc furnace harmonic current and total reactive power being distributed between harmonic filters. In this paper, the analysis and design of SVC harmonic filter parameters and necessary calculations are done to avoid parallel resonance. Also, using measurement data from voltage and current harmonics of a 200-ton Electric Arc Furnace obtained from several melting process, further tuning is done to improve design and performance of the harmonic filters.


Linguistic landscape (LL) can serve as both top-down and bottom-up approaches to understanding language planning policy in various dimensions. It can reflect the language identities, motives and contestations perceived by stakeholders of different decision-making levels. Prior studies adopted the bottom-up approach to investigate the language practice and ideologies reflected by the design and linguistic features observed in the linguistic landscapes in ethnically and linguistically diverse areas, like Medan in Russia, and Seoul in Korea. As Hong Kong is also a trilingual city with an inclusive combination of nationalities, this paper is intended to take it as a case study to explore the de facto language ideologies reflected by LL at the micro-level. We would look into the catering industry from a holistic perspective by reviewing the food menus of 66 restaurants located in diversified districts and serving different types of cuisines. This bottom-up LL research reveals that business owners and the public shares the language ideologies of perceiving English as prestigious language, multilingualism and traditional Chinese as standard character.


Recently a new technique, referred to as reactive air brazing (RAB), has been developed for use in hermetically sealing high temperature solid state electrochemical devices such as planar solid oxide fuel cells and gas separation devices. Ceramic joints used in these devices are usually exposed to oxidizing and/or reducing atmospheres at high operating temperature. In this paper, we report the effect of the exposure to these atmospheres at high temperature on the mechanical properties and microstructural morphology of ceramic joints brazed with silver-copper oxide braze


Most human gd T cells express Vg2Vd2 TCRs and play important roles in microbial and tumor immunity. Vg2Vd2 T cells are stimulated by self-and foreign prenyl pyrophosphate intermediates in isoprenoid synthesis. However, little is known about the molecular basis for this stimulation. We find that a mAb specific for butyrophilin 3 (BTN3)/CD277 Ig superfamily proteins mimics prenyl pyrophosphates. The 20.1 mAb stimulated Vg2Vd2 T cell clones regardless of their functional phenotype or developmental origin and selectively expanded blood Vg2Vd2 T cells. The gd TCR mediates 20.1 mAb stimulation because IL-2 is released by b 2 Jurkat cells transfected with Vg2Vd2 TCRs. 20.1 stimulation was not due to isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) accumulation because 20.1 treatment of APC did not increase IPP levels. In addition, stimulation was not inhibited by statin treatment, which blocks IPP production. Importantly, small interfering RNA knockdown of BTN3A1 abolished stimulation by IPP that could be restored by re-expression of BTN3A1 but not by BTN3A2 or BTN3A3. Rhesus monkey and baboon APC presented HMBPP and 20.1 to human Vg2Vd2 T cells despite amino acid differences in BTN3A1 that localize to its outer surface. This suggests that the conserved inner and/or top surfaces of BTN3A1 interact with its counterreceptor. Although no binding site exists on the BTN3A1 extracellular domains, a model of the intracellular B30.2 domain predicts a basic pocket on its binding surface. However, BTN3A1 did not preferentially bind a photoaffinity prenyl pyrophosphate. Thus, BTN3A1 is required for stimulation by prenyl pyrophos-phates but does not bind the intermediates with high affinity. U nconventional T cells, such as gd T cells, ab iNKT cells, and mucosal-associated invariant ab T cells, have distinct recognition properties. Conventional CD8 and CD4 T cells use diverse ab TCRs to recognize foreign and self-peptides presented by MHC class I and class II molecules. The peptides are derived from proteins and loaded into MHC molecules through distinct intracellular processing and loading pathways. The number of ab T cells recognizing a particular peptide– MHC complex is generally very low such that expansion of re-active cells is required to mount effective T cell immunity. In contrast, gd TCRs recognize nonpeptide compounds or self-cell surface molecules. Humans and mice have limited numbers of Vg and Vd gene segments, and many gd TCRs exhibit limited or no junctional diversity. Thus, although gd T cells constitute a minor subpopulation among human and murine T cells, the actual precursor frequencies for …


The utility model provides indoor oxygen aeration for a tourmaline sweat steaming room, which comprises an oxygenerator, an oxygen pipe and a tourmaline sweat steaming room. The oxygenerator is mounted outside the tourmaline sweat steaming room; and the oxygenerator is communicated with the inside of the tourmaline sweat steaming room through the oxygen pipe. The utility model has simple members, extracts oxygen from nature through the oxygenerator arranged outside the sweat steaming room and continuously delivers the oxygen into the tourmaline sweat steaming room through the oxygen pipe, thereby effectively solving the problem of oxygen lack in the prior sweat steaming room.


The theory of intrinsic viscosity developed recently by the present author is examined and compared with experiments and the theories by Peterlin, Kirkwood and Riseman, Brinkman, and Debye and Bueche. The fundamental assumptions and essential approximations in the theories are criticized.


Abstract The purpose of the study was to estimate seasonal home ranges of Sylvilagus obscurus (Appalachian cottontail) within dense ericaceous and coniferous cover at its type locality, the Dolly Sods Scenic Area in West Virginia. Ninety-five percent adaptive kernel (AK) home ranges of rabbits ranged from 5.7–13.3 ha during the leaf-on season (May–September; n = 5) and 1.5–9.0 ha during the leaf-off season (October–April; n = 14). Fifty-percent AK core areas ranged from 0.9–2.5 ha during the leaf-on season and 0.1–2.5 ha during the leaf-off season. Males occupied larger home ranges during the leaf-on than leaf-off season, but female ranges did not differ seasonally. These results demonstrate seasonal differences in spatial and associated resource requirements of Appalachian cottontails and the need for large tracts of appropriate habitat for travel lanes to maintain viable populations of this species.


In Korea, R&D on a sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) was begun in 1997, as one of the national long-term nuclear R&D programs. As one fuel option for a prototype SFR, a metallic fuel, U-Zr alloy fuel, was selected and is currently being developed. For the fabrication of SFR metallic fuel rods, the end plug welding is a crucial process. The sealing of the end plug to the cladding tube should be hermetically perfect to prevent a leakage of fission gases and to maintain a good reactor performance. In this study, the welding technique, welding equipment, welding conditions, and parameters were developed for the end plug welding of SFR metallic fuel rods. A gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) technique was adopted and the welding joint design was developed. In addition, the optimal welding conditions and parameters were established. Based on the establishment of the welding conditions, the GTAW technique was qualified for the end plug welding of SFR metallic fuel rods.


The extremely common occurance of self mutilations (with a frequency of more than 80 % of cases) in borderline functioning and identity instabilities should make them an almost pathognomic symptom if we didn't see them developing as well in other forms and at other intensities in the whole array of mental pathologies, which themselves are always an extreme reflection of social evolution. By its polymorphic expression, self mutilation demonstrates that it refers back to diverse psychic structures, from precarious neurotic structures to melancholic depression, passing by way of the false self and alexithymic functioning, which are more or less organized with perverse defense mechanisms.