Context: This study reviews factors in children, which alter their risk to inhalational exposures, and modify the inhalational risk assessment process. Factors identified in the literature distinguish children from adults when assessing risk of inhalational exposures. Such factors are determined based on children's unique physiological, anatomical, and biochemical characteristics, which extend to include a unique inhalational dosimetry. Numerous methods have been developed to account for such factors in children. However, some factors are more inclusive than others are, and a comprehensive assessment of these factors is important to enhance risk analysis in children.
Objective: The aim was to identify factors in children that modify the four steps of risk assessment and assess the magnitude of uncertainty associated with these factors.
Methods: Authors did not follow a specific system for selecting articles from the literature. However, original and review articles were chosen based on their relevancy to the objectives of this paper. Five EPA documents and one WHO document were used to identify factors shown in Figure 1. EPA guidelines for inter and intra species differences and for inhalational dosimetry were used in calculating uncertainty associated with the identified factors.
Results: Figure 1 illustrates factors identified as influential in children's inhalational risk assessment, with the elucidation of possible correlations that exist among these factors. Table 1 ranks factors in order of their importance and determination in two selected steps of risk assessment. Figure 2 evaluates uncertainty related to factors shown in Figure 1 based on criteria described in Methodology. Figure 3 demonstrates the inclusiveness of each of the methods used to assess risk in children.
Conclusion: Children's risk assessment demands special considerations and the inclusion of factors specific to them because of their continuous developmental changes, which differentiate them from adults.


Experiments conducted on titanium (Ti-64) turbine blades with the LCR ultrasonic wave at 20 MHz showed significant differences in untreated blades and blades treated to increase the subsurface compressive residual stress. Group 1 showed significant differences in the treated and untreated areas, the top and bottom of the blades, high cycle fatigue and cracked and uncracked conditions. Group 2 blades showed significant difference between untreated and treated travel-times at probes located at the blade leading edge.


It is our custom in NIR news to invite the THA winner to contribute a summary of their award lecture in an issue soon after the ceremony. Unfortunately the 2015 award article was overlooked but we are happy to have prevailed upon the winner, Søren Engelsen, to allow us to maintain this custom by writing something for us. In an exciting summary article, Søren initially recaps on some practical aspects of NIR spectroscopy and reminds us of why it is such a useful technique. In a look to the future, however, he holds out some tantalising glimpses of what developments might be just around the corner and how these might produce sea changes in our thinking and use of the method — how about instruments which require no calibration transfer operations? Read and enjoy! Oh and the lecture summary by the 2016 winner will appear in 2016!! Ed.


In this study, an efficient method is proposed for analysis of Flyback DC-DC converter circuit, used commonly in power electronic circuits. The efficiency of the method comes from modelling basic components in the converter properly. Transformer, the basic component of the converter, is modelled by dependent sources, switching devices are modelled by the binary valued element approach. Variations in the equivalent circuit according to status of the switching devices are examined. In obtaining system equations, being the basis of the analysis, the modified nodal method is used. Numerical solutions are compared with traditional analytical r esults in steady-state. The superiority of the proposed method is shown.


Chirped pulse amplification in ultraviolet Tegion is demonstrated using broadband Ce:LiCAF laser medium. The 4-pass amplifier has 370-times gain and delivered 6-mJ, 290-nm pulses. After dispersion compensation, output pulses can be compressed down to 115 fs.


CONTEXT
Excess abdominal adiposity is a primary factor for insulin resistance in older age.

OBJECTIVES
Our objectives were to examine the role of abdominal obesity on adipose tissue, hepatic, and peripheral insulin resistance in aging, and to examine impaired free fatty acid metabolism as a mechanism in these relations.

DESIGN
This was a cross-sectional study.

SETTING
The study was performed at a General Clinical Research Center.

PARTICIPANTS
Healthy, inactive older (>60 yr) women (n = 25) who were not on hormone replacement therapy or glucose-lowering medication were included in the study. Women with abdominal circumference values above the median (>97.5 cm) were considered abdominally obese.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Whole-body peripheral glucose utilization, adipose tissue lipolysis, and hepatic glucose production were measured using in vivo techniques according to a priori hypotheses.

RESULTS
In the simple analysis, glucose utilization at the 40 mU insulin dose (6.3 +/- 2.8 vs. 9.1 +/- 3.4; P < 0.05), the index of the insulin resistance of basal hepatic glucose production (23.6 +/- 13.0 vs. 15.1 +/- 6.0; P < 0.05), and insulin-stimulated suppression of lipolysis (35 vs. 54%; P < 0.05) were significantly different between women with and without abdominal obesity, respectively. Using the glycerol appearance rate to free fatty acid ratio as an index of fatty acid reesterification revealed markedly blunted reesterification in the women with abdominal adiposity under all conditions: basal (0.95 +/- 0.29 vs. 1.35 +/- 0.47; P < 0.02); low- (2.58 +/- 2.76 vs. 6.95 +/- 5.56; P < 0.02); and high-dose (4.46 +/- 3.70 vs. 12.22 +/- 7.13; P < 0.01) hyperinsulinemia. Importantly, fatty acid reesterification was significantly (P < 0.01) associated with abdominal circumference and hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance, regardless of total body fat.

CONCLUSION
These findings support the premise of dysregulated fatty acid reesterification with abdominal obesity as a pathophysiological link to perturbed glucose metabolism across multiple tissues in aging.


The biosorption of 241 Am on A.niger, R.arrihizus and Candida albicams from aqueous solution, and the effects of the experimental conditions on the biosorption are investigated by the batch technique. The experimental results show that all the microorganism above are very efficient as the sorbent. The biosorption equilibrium time is 2 h and the optimum pH ranges 1~3. No significant differences on 241 Am biosorption are observed at the temperature of 15~45 ℃, or in the presence and absence of Au 3+ or Ag +. The relationship between concentrations of 241 Am in aqueous solutions and adsorption capacities of 241 Am can be described by the Freundlich adsorption equation on A. niger and R.arrihizus,whileas it can be done by the Langmuir adsorption equation on Candida albicams.


Unlike felony courts, misdemeanor courts have the opportunity?by virtue of the less serious cases before them?to experiment with a wide variety of sanctions. This article examines the frequency of utilization of different sanctions in four mis demeanor courts and, through multivariate analysis, the factors associated with the choice of sanctions. Our findings show that (1) fines and other economic sanctions prevail in all four courts, and (2) type of offense is the single most important factor accounting for variation in the choice of sanctions. The contributing influence of the judge varies sharply across the four courts, depending upon such factors as commu nity size, judicial election politics, and strength of the prosecutor s office.


The paper devotes to the development of the approach for synthesis of reorientation trajectory of a small satellite. We consider the nanosatellite angular motion described by the kinematic quaternion equations. The aerodynamic and gravitational disturbance torques are taken into account in the angular motion model. Reorientation of a small satellite occurs from some initial position. In addition, the final angular velocity components do not exceed 0.1 °/s. The control program is given as the even Fourier series. The even Fourier series were chosen due to they can describe a complex dependency accurately. The coefficients of the even Fourier series are defined by the differential evolution algorithm. Previously, this approach has shown its efficiency for the cases of normal operation of the actuators. The paper presents the approach of synthesis of reorientation trajectory in case of failure of the actuator. The problem of reorientation reduces to optimization problem of searching of 34 coefficients of the even Fourier series that provided the achievement of the desired boundary conditions. The numerical results are given that approved the possibility of solution of the reorientation problem of small satellite in case of failure of the actuator. To compare the control programs, research was made between the cases of normal operation of the actuator and failure of the actuator. The value of the control torque differs by the order of magnitude in case of failure of the actuator. Despite this, its value is achievable for the magnetic coils.


Using bio-metric signals such as muscle and neuron signals through intelligent control systems to mimic human behavior, recovery of human organ function and rehabilitation in health care or remove human beings from hard or dangerous working condition has been an active research area especially in recent decades. This research attempts to develop a cost effective bio-driving robotic system for hand amputees more precisely for wrist disarticulation. The system aims to use the Electromyography (EMG) signals from amputee's arm to realize a few commonly used finger and hand movements. So far the research is able to obtain the desired EMG signals through a specific data acquisition and signal processing procedure. A specially designed finger unit has been designed and the test model is able to function as expected. Further research is still in process. It is hoped that the entire system will be able to be driven by the amputees using their EMG signals and realize the finger and hand functions that they use in their everyday life.


The relative weathering of a sequence of five palaesols formed in different parent materials, including bedrock of phonolitic composition, is described and assessed. The three lower palaeosols (units 3–5) are considered to be of interglacial origin. The saprolite (unit 5), in phonolite, formed prior to deposition of the lower Brunhes-age till, is considered to be as old as the Brunhes Matuyama boundary (0.73 myr). The other two palaeosols in this group (units 3 and 4), derived from loess and till, respectively, formed over middle to late Brunhes time under palaeoclimates that were wetter (and presumably warmer), and of sufficient leaching power to move clay, as well as organically complexed extractable Fe and Al. The palaeosols in unit 3 are more complex than the lower ones. Their upper and lower horizons have about the same chemical composition as the lowest two palaeosols, while the middle horizons are similar to the upper two palaeosols (units 1 and 2). Radiocarbon dates for unit 3 are considered to be too young to account for the strong weathering in the upper and lower horizons. This interpretation is supported by high D/L ratios of aspartic acid. Overlying sediments, emplaced by episodic colluvial (unit 2) and slope wash (unit 1) processes, are less weathered; the lower colluvial unit in this group was emplaced during the late stade of the last glaciation. The surface sediments were emplaced more recently during the same interval and weathered mainly during the post-glacial period. Tentative correlations with core 82PCS18 from the Canary Basin show that upper unit 3 is probably equivalent to Isotope Stage 5e, lower unit 3 to Isotope Stage 7, unit 4 to Isotope Stage 8, and unit 5 to Isotope Stage 9. Units 1 and 2 are firmly correlated with Isotope Stage 2.


This paper introduces a method of filling information recognition for scanned image of paper form. The cross point coordinates are extracted by Strip-like corrosion and expansion of the binary images. The form image base frame is constructed using a rectangular fit based on the Hough transform. Using the image pan, rotate, and scale algorithms, the template form image base frame to the scanned form image base frame can be matched. The filling grid area is determined based on the structural similarity algorithm (SSIM) and the filling information is thus obtained. The experimental results show that this method can accurately, quickly and efficiently read the batch paper form filling information digitally, and has strong robustness.


paradise itself to those places—islands or interludes of harmony—that are simply better than the present world. It may seem easy to make fun of Milton's idea of how paradise is lost, with Eve initiating the fall in a world of unquestioned hierarchy and authority, yet it is Adam going along with her disobedience that seals their fate, begetting sin and death. In literature, the idea of paradise and its loss evolved from a religious Eden to one of nature. Romantic poets saw the experience of nature or moments in the natural world as both model and evidence of a deep human connectedness to higher powers. Wordsworth and Coleridge believed this sensitivity was especially present among children, who more easily than adults can experience "shards of time" in which they become transparent to the sublime power of nature and the imagination. In the fully developed Industrial Revolution of England, writers such as Matthew Arnold, Alfred, Lord Tennyson and John Ruskin brooded over our destruction of the natural world, "turning flower beds into heaps of coke." American Transcendentalists had their own love affair with nature, but it fell away quickly among America's early important fiction writers. Dark romantics Hawthorne and Melville, as well as many writers during the age of Realism, depicted the hoped-for paradises of pastoral life or faraway places as harboring as much evil as the everyday world, or more. ( f o r e w o r d )


The main objective of this study is to observe the new tendencies on prime time Turkish television. Especially the main news bulletins of TRT1 and three private channels, namely ATV, Kanal D and Samanyolu TV will be analysed in order to trace tabloidization in the news bulletins. Moreover, a comparison of the rest of prime time television programmes will be drawn in order to see the changes in Turkish television, especially the effects of mass culture. Some of our findings can be given as follows: It was detected that news about celebrities, mostly female, was the most frequent news both on Kanal D and ATV. We had repetitions of the same or similar pictures one after the other with less text and information. During the week of analysis, it was observed that news on politics was the most frequent on TRT1 and Samanyolu TV. And political news generally appreciated the government's actions. As a contrast to the other channels, Samanyolu TV broadcasted news with religious content. The rest of prime time programmes on the private channels were generally Turkish dramas. Most of them were the products of mass culture. On the other hand, programme distribution of TRT1 was quite balanced.


This paper presents a design of a four phase 25% duty cycle of 400MHz DLL with calibration. To avoid the disadvantages of digital calibration method, it introduced an all-analog calibration method. Instead of DAC, CP is used in calibration loop to save power consumption and area occupying. With a 4 channel time-interleaved 6 bit flash ADC, the simulated results show that SNR is 30.8dB and 43.6dB with 800MHz input with and without calibration respectively.


The results of the cytogenetic study of cows of Ukrainian red-bream dairy breeds with different reproductive ability are presented in the article. Breeding reproductive ability of cows is often and, as a rule, they include an increase in the duration of the service period, the occurrence of violations of embryonic development, stillbirth and miscarriages. Investigation of karyotype and thorough analysis of hereditary information of the herd population of herds will help to establish and eliminate the cause of reproductive failure of cows. The purpose of the study is to study the karyotype variability of cows with normal and violated reproductive qualities. The material for the research was the results of an individual assessment of the animals of the Ukrainian red-shingled breed of the DP DH "Khrystynivske" on the basis of zootechnical records and experimental cytogenetic data. To analyze the data of zootechnical accounting, the software package SUMS "Intesel Orsek" was used. Laboratory studies were conducted at the Laboratory of Biotechnology at the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics named after MV. Tooth The cultivation of lymphocytes, the preparation of cytogenetic drugs, the classification and recording of aberrations of chromosomes were carried out according to generally accepted techniques. The analysis of metaphase cells included cytogenetic parameters: the proportion of aneuploid and polyploid cells, the frequency of cells with structural aberrations of the chromosomes. For the cytogenetic study, based on the materials of the zootechnical account, three groups of cows have been formed, depending on their reproductive ability: I group, number 17, consists of animals with impaired reproductive ability. To II group included 33 cows, service period of which is not less than 150 days; Group ІІІ - 25 cows with a service period of 51-90 days. The study of blood lymphocytes of cows with different reproductive ability revealed a difference in the level of chromosomal instability. The results of the studies showed that in the karyotypes of animals with impaired reproductive ability, a significantly higher frequency of cells with aneuploid and polyploid chromosome sets, as well as cells with chromosomal aberrations was found to be significantly higher than that of cows with normal reproductive functions. It was established that a significantly larger proportion of cells with aneuploidy occurs in the karyotype of animals of group I, that is, in animals with a disturbed reproductive ability - 10.5 ± 2.38%. In cows of group ІІ, the frequency of cells with aneuploid number of chromosomes in blood cells decreased to 6.3 ± 1.45%. Less than twice the cows in this group and the frequency of cells with the polyploid chromosome set (from 1,0 ± 0,01 to 0,45 ± 0,16) and 15% with structural aberrations of the chromosomes (from 14,82 ± 2,87 up to 12.5 ± 2.87). In cows of group III (with normal reproductive ability), cells with aneuploid chromosomal set were found to be 2.3 times less than in cows with reproductive capacity (Group I) (P> 0.999). In the karyotypes of cows that were examined, no constitutional alterations of the chromosomes, including translocations of the Robertson type, were revealed. In animals of group I, the frequency of chromosomal aberrations was one third higher than that of animals of groups ІІ and ІІІ. The difference in frequencies between the higher and lower group values of this indicator was 4.15%. It has been established that in all groups of investigated animals there is a positive correlation between the service period and the main cytogenetic parameters. The highest positive correlation values (r = 0.70; r = 0.50; r = 0.44) are established between the duration of the service period and the frequency of structural aberrations, service period and polyploidy, service period and aneuploidy respectively in cows of the second group , In which the service period lasted 150 days or more. In cows of group I, the highest positive correlation (r = 0.48) is established between the duration of the service period and aneuploidy. For the third group, defined by us as a control, the positive relationship (r = 0.55) between the service period and aneuploidy is also established. Thus, the correlations established between the level of karyotype instability and one of the characteristics of reproductive ability (service period) indicate that the levels of karyotype instability in cows to a sufficient degree can characterize their reproductive qualities. The results of the studies show that the higher frequency of abnormal cells is found mainly in cows with broken reproductive functions. Consequently, we can conclude that for assessing the individual qualities of dairy cows, indicators of karyotype instability should be used as a criterion for evaluating the reproductive qualities of cows.


Exercises designed to strengthen muscles involved in respiration, phonation, and articulation play a key role in the remediation of voice and swallowing disorders. This article presents exercise physiology principles that are beginning to be used by a small group of speech and swallowing researchers to undergird their efficacy-based studies of exercise-based therapy. Three principles—contraction type, task specificity, and over-load—are used to compare past exercise-based therapies with present therapies. Comparisons are made between today's methods and Oskar Guttmann's (1893) principles for strengthening muscles of respiration, Emil Froeschels' (1944) therapy to improve laryngeal function, and the myofunctional therapy of the 1960s to improve swallowing and articulation.


THE DIPHOSPHONATES are synthetic inhibitors of skeletal resorption that have been used expermentally to treat hyperparathyroidism. 1-3 Much evidence has accumulated about the beneficial effect of the different forms of this class of drugs in normalizing the biochemical abnormalities of the disease, but there are few data about the clinical response of patients. This report describes an elderly woman with hyperparathyroidism who was treated with the commercially available form of the drug, etidronate disodium (Didronel). It shows the clinical and biochemical response during treatment with small doses of the drug. Report of a Case A 75-year-old woman was referred to the Endocrine Clinic for skeletal pain caused by primary hyperparathyroidism. She had associated problems of congestive heart failure, angina, and hypertension, which precluded surgical treatment. For several years, she had proximal weakness of the forearms, increased fatigue, forgetfulness, constipation, and hemorrhoids. For one year she noted severe pains in the


To investigate the energy evolution and storage characteristics of the rock during the mixed-mode fracture failure, several single loading-unloading tests under preset different unloading levels were conducted on the cracked straight-through Brazilian disc (CSTBD) red-sandstone specimen with crack inclination angles of 10° and 20°. The input energy, elastic energy, and dissipated energy parameters were obtained by calculating the area integral of the load-displacement curve. Test results display that the total input energy, elastic energy, and dissipated energy of rock specimens increase in quadratic function with the increase of unloading level at different unloading levels. It was found that there are significant linear energy storage and dissipation laws of rock during the mixed-mode fracture process. The concepts of fracture energy storage coefficient (FESC) and fracture energy dissipation coefficient (FEDC) were proposed to express the energy variation of rock in the prepeak stage. Under the same loading conditions, FESC and FEDC remain unchanged regardless of crack inclination angles, indicating that the linear energy storage and dissipation laws are an inherent property of the rock. Besides, the peak fracture elastic-dissipation index

 W

 ed

 (the ratio of peak elastic energy to peak dissipation energy) was obtained through quantitative analysis and demonstrated its invariant feature.


In this paper, we compute the relativistic corrections to the fragmentation functions (FFs) of a heavy quark to $B_c$ and $B_c^*$ within the framework of non-relativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization. The non-singlet and singlet DGLAP evolution are also presented.


This work addresses a new multidisciplinary program at our school called Minor in Engineering Studies, designed by the engineering college for all non- engineering fields and disciplines. The goal of the program is to provide technological awareness and understanding of the technical issues to non-engineering students. This might be one of the most important tasks of an engineering educator: to educate non-engineering students about the issues and importance of engineering. Non-engineering students can participate in this program and receive a minor degree. Since many managers, directors, and policymakers are making decisions on technological-based issues, it makes sense to provide them with a conceptual framework of technology. This work covers the major premise of our efforts as a land-grant institution to educate the students. This is a collegewide effort that includes all levels from the dean of engineering and the dean's office to the individual departments, as well as some of our graduate and undergraduate students. This work provides an early detail of our planning, implementation, early results, and challenges.


The international geocommunity meets at Intergeo 2008 The 2008 edition of Intergeo, a geodesy and land management fair, was held in Bremen. More than 15.000 visitors passed through the three days fair, which featured several international companies and was highlighted by an important congress ession.


The invention relates to a method for preparing ethylene diamine through condensation and ammoniation by using bronsted acid ion liquid to catalyze ethanolamine, which includes the following detailed operation steps: adding ethanolamine solution with mass fraction as 85.0-95.0% into the bronsted acid ion liquid, the weight of the bronsted acid ion liquid is 0.5%-4.0% of ethanolamine, stirring evenly to obtain mixed liquid, adding the mixed liquid and ammonia water with mass fraction as 40.0-60.0% respectively into a pipeline reactor, wherein flow speed of the mixed liquid is 1.2-4.9 L/h, flowspeed of ammonia water is 25.5-181.1 L/h, molar ratio of ammonia to ethanolamine is 30.0-80.0, and reacting for 7.0-20.0 min under the conditions that temperature ranges from 140.0 to 200.0 DEG C andpressure ranges from 2.0 to 8.0 MPa. The method is mild in reaction conditions, the temperature and the pressure can be reduced by more than 80 DEG C and 2 MPa respectively, and operation with hydrogen is not required. Conversion per pass of ethanolamine reaches more than 83.2%, and selectivity of ethylene diamine reaches more than 78.2%.


Poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was blended with poly(chlorostyrene) (PSCI) and chlorinated polypropylene (PPCl). A single glass transition temperature Tg was found for these mixtures, indicating their miscibility. PCL crystallizes in these blends when the chlorinated polymer content is not too high. Otherwise, Tg becomes higher than the melting point of PCL and the high viscosity of the medium hinders the crystallization. The miscibility of PCL/PPCI blends cannot be due to hydrogen bonding between the α-hydrogens of the chlorinated polymer and the carbonyl group of the polyester since PPCI does not have available a large number of α-hydrogens. It is suggested that a dipoledipole CO…ClC interaction is responsible for the observed miscibility phenomenon and that this interaction is probably also responsible for the miscibility between all other polyesterchlorinated polymer mixtures. Finally, it was observed that poly(α-methyl-α-n-propyl-β-propiolactone), poly(α-methyl-α-ethyl-β-propiolactone) and poly(valerolactone) are not miscible with PSCI or PPCl, despite the fact that they are miscible with poly(vinyl chloride).


The lifetime of flip chip solder joints can be greatly increased by applying underfill encapsulation. This paper presents a case study where the thermal cycle lifetime was increased by more than 20 times, that is from ∼100 cycles to more than 2,000 cycles for a chip size of 5.6mm × 6.3mm. By combining electrical, acoustic and metallographic investigation, the degradation of the solder joints was monitored, some important factors relevant to solder joint reliability were analysed and discussed. Delamination was found not to be the dominant failure mode.


Background: Based on data from the Lahat District Health Office, exclusive breastfeeding in Lahat District is still below the target as in Pagar Agung Primary Health Care is still low (56%) in 2017. The figure is still below the District (75%) and National targets (80 %). This study aims to analyze the management of the Exclusive ASI program in the working area of the Pagar Agung Primary Health Care in Lahat Regency.
Methods: This study applies a qualitative approach, data taken through Indepth Interview, document review, and observation. There were 14 informants from the Health Office, Health Center, Village Midwives, and Mothers breastfeeding infants aged 0-6 months.
Research Results: Planning an Exclusive ASI program at Pagar Agung Primary Health Care was based on an evaluation of the previous year's report, Self-Monitoring Survey and Village Community Consultation (MMD) to find problems in the community. Organizing the division of tasks and characteristics of officers is in accordance with the competency of the officers. The implementation of this program conducts information dissemination activities, counseling, Integrated Service Post, classes for pregnant women, routine home visits, and lactation rooms. Supervision and control of this program conducts monitoring and evaluation and also direct and report monitoring. The output component in the program achievement has not been maximized because there are still obstacles that become obstacles to the achievement of the program, namely from the community.
Conclusions: The management of the Exclusive ASI program at Pagar Agung Primary Health Care is appropriate, but there are still obstacles to the community. Suggestions for the Primary Health Care are to increase health education about breastfeeding and breastfeeding for pregnant women and breast care during pregnancy and to improve the role of health workers in Primary Health Care, maternity clinics, practice midwives, Integrated Service Post in providing information about exclusive breastfeeding to pregnant women, new mothers, and breastfeeding mothers so as to support the improvement of exclusive breastfeeding achievements in the working area of Pagar Agung Primary Health Care.


The heart sounds were good, there were no muirmurs, and the heart shadow was nor,nal. His pulse was 74 a minute; the vessel wall was not palpable. His blood pressure was 140/85 mm. Hg. Urinary investigations revealed nothing abnormal. On July 31 tetraethylammonium chloride, 6 ml. (8.5 mg. per kg.) twice daily by intramuscular injection, was started. On August 5 he had a sudden attack of dyspnoea, substernal pain radiating to the arms, diminished right respiratory movement, and poor air entry on the right side. X-ray examination showed slight elevation of the diaphragm. His blood pressure was 100/70 mm. Hg. An electrocardiogram showed changes consistent with posterior myocardial infarction. Although the possibility of coincidence cannot be excluded, it is thought that in these cases tetraethylammonium therapy was at least a contributory cause of the acute cardiac lesions. Great care should be exercised in the use of this drug in any patient showing evidence of arteriosclerosis even in the absence of hypertension or marked cardiac symptoms.


The major purpose of this research was to investigate the attitude of the primary school teachers towards innovations in education. The data were collected from 120 teachers of Rajkot City and Taluka Places of Gujarat. The collected data was analysed using t – test. The result indicates that the primary school teachers are positive towards innovations in education. There is no significance difference between the attitudes of male and female primary school teachers as well as rural male – female and urban male – female primary school teachers towards innovations in education.


Because the emitter-base junctions of amorphous Si/Si heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with a conventional structure are inside the amorphous Si (a-Si) layer, their high-frequency performance is limited due to very low electron velocity in a-Si. An improved structure, the two-dimensional-electron-gas (2DEG) emitter structure, is proposed to overcome these problems, and a-Si/Si HBTs with good high-frequency performance are fabricated. Their low-temperature fabrication technology can be extended to other III-V-compound HBTs.<<ETX>>


Low learning outcomes are caused because students need to have the ability to think creatively. The findings state that students need help to express ideas or ideas in learning activities so that learning activities do not run optimally. This study aims to develop an electronic pictorial module to improve the creative thinking skills of fourth-grade elementary school students. This type of research is developed with the ADDIE model. The research subjects were two material expert lecturers, two media expert lecturers, and one practitioner. The test subjects totaled 26 students—data collection using the questionnaire method. The instrument used is the rating scale instrument. Data analysis techniques are qualitative descriptive statistical analysis, quantitative descriptive, and inferential statistics. The results of the research are media experts' assessment of 4.8 (very good), material experts' 4.9 (very good), and practitioner results of 5 (very good). The results of the 2-way (2-tailed) significance value were 0.000 <0.05 so that there were differences in the results of the creative thinking abilities of fourth-grade elementary school students after learning to use pictorial electronic modules (e-modules). It was concluded that the pictorial E-Module effectively increases the results of creative thinking skills.


The Nigerian Society is purely Patriarchy in Nature, and since this patriarchal nature is evident in traditionally social, cultural, economic, and religious realms or settings, there is a need for Women's Empowerment that directly influences these sectors. This Study assessed Women's Empowerment programs in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A descriptive Survey design was adopted. Sample size of 500 respondents were selected from 10 local government areas in the State. The Analysis was conducted using Statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 23. The set null hypotheses were tested at a 0.05 level of significance. The set null hypotheses for Psychological Empowerment (B = 0.399, t = 22.853; P< 0.05), Social Empowerment (B = 0.318, t = 15.160, P<0.05), Economic Empowerment (B = 0.305, t=`11.955 P<0.05) and Political Empowerment (B=0.732, t= 21.221, P<0.05). The findings revealed that Social, Economical, Political, and psychological empowerment has significant contributions to Women's Empowerment programs in Ekiti State. The study recommended that Social Empowerment, Economic Empowerment, Psychological Empowerment, and Political Empowerment are key contributors to Women's Empowerment.


Abstract We study directions along which the norms of vectors are preserved under a linear map. In particular, we find families of matrices for which these directions are determined by integer vectors. We consider the two-dimensional case in detail, and also discuss the extension to three-dimensional vector spaces.


Vascular inflammation is an early manifestation and common pathophysiological basis of numerous cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; However, effective surveillance methods are lacking. In this study, we designed sulfur hexafluoride (SF6 ) loaded polylactic acid-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanobubbles (NBs) with a surface assembly of cyclodextrin (CD) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) (S1P@CD-PLGA NBs). The characterization results showed that S1P@CD-PLGA NBs with diameters of approximately 200 nm had good stability, biosafety, and ultrasound imaging-enhancement effects. When interacting with inflammatory vascular endothelial cells, S1P molecules encapsulated in cyclodextrin cavities exhibit a rapid, excellent, and stable targeting effect owing to their specific interaction with the highly expressed S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) on the inflammatory vascular endothelial cells. Particularly, the S1P-S1PR1 interaction further activates the downstream signaling pathway of S1PR1 to reduce the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to protect endothelial cells. Furthermore, mouse models of carotid endothelial injuries and mesenteric thrombosis demonstrated that S1P@CD-PLGA NBs have excellent capabilities for in vivo targeting imaging. In summary, this study proposes a new strategy of using S1P to target inflammatory vascular endothelial cells while reducing the expression of TNF-α, which has the potential to be utilized in the targeted surveillance and treatment of vascular inflammatory diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Precision structured polymer thin films with microstructures comparable to or greater than the film thickness are highly desired in many applications. Such micro-patterned thin films, however, are difficult to fabricate using the standard hot embossing technology where both halves of the mold are made of hard materials. This study investigated a rubber-assisted embossing process for structuring thin polymer films. The advantages of the rubber backup instead of a hard support include but are not limited to 1) simplifying the embossing tool, 2) protecting the embossing master, 3) facilitating embossing pressure buildup, and 4) accommodating conformal forming of microscale shell patterns. Several design and process variables including rubber hardness, embossing temperature, embossing pressure and holding time were carefully studied. Thin polystyrene films in a thickness of 25 μm were accurately patterned with microgrooves of characteristic dimensions on the order of 100 μm.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


We give a brief introduction to the real symplectic groups and the geometry of canonical variables that they describe. The role of the metapleclic groups in the conlext of quantum mechanics is highlighted. Several applications of symplectic techniques to classical ray and wave optics' noise matrices and the uncertainty relations, squeezing, and Gaussian states arc outlined.


My association with R. D. Gardi Medical College is long. I was a classmate of Dr V. k. Mahadik from 1967 to 1971 as we graduated with MBBS. Later for different reasons I traveled to Zambia and worked for the Government of Zambia Ministry of Health at two districts, Mporokoso and Luwingu, both in the northern province. However, contact with Dr Mahadik was continuous. On my completion of contract in Zambia and on my way to the Bahamas, I visited Ujjain. With other friends, we had discussions about developing a healthcare institution in the form of a hospital. We wanted a cooperative hospital and even contributed funds to this end. However, politicians and individuals advised us to create a charitable trust and a hospital. There are many steps, hard work, and diplomacy, mostly by Dr Mahadik to achieve what is a medical college and other hospitals associated with this. Only a person with imagination, persistence, technical knowledge and patience knows how this could be achieved. In my view, Dr Mahadik has all these qualities.


There have been several methods for de-noising and each has its own merits and demerits. This paper deals with the comparison of noise reduction ability of Matched filter, Wavelet analysis and Wiener filter which are tested on continuous wave radar and pulsed radar signals. Matched filtering is a demodulation technique with linear time invariant filters to maximize SNR. Wavelet transform performs a correlation analysis; therefore maximum output is expected when the input signal most resembles the mother wavelet. Two signals contaminated with Additive White Gaussian Noise are used for performance evaluation of these three filters and simulations results are provided.


We calculate the flavor-singlet axial-vector current in a quark model within pseudoscalar background-field through the Seeley-DeWitt coefficients. This current is responsible for the quark spin content of proton, and is of O(1) in the large-N(?) expansion.


Yamamoto coupling polymerizations of 2,3-dihalido-N-substituted maleimides (DXRMI) were carried out using nickel catalysts. In addition, coupling reactions of 2,3-dihalido-N-cyclohexylmaleimide (DX...


The carbanion derived from N-alkoxycarbonyl Reissert compound readily undergoes addition-cyclization reaction with aldimines to give imidazo[5,1-a]isoquinolines. A detailed study of this new ring annelation chemistry is described.


Berberines,a class of important isoquinoline-type alkaloid,exhibits various biological activities and are widely used in clinic.The research and development of berberine-based drugs have attracted considerable attention and become a quite rapidly de-veloping and increasingly active area in recent years.The berberine derivatives by structural modification,acting on a variety of targets in microorganism,exhibit significant antibacterial,antifungal and antiviral activities and so on.This paper preliminarily reviews recent advances on berberine derivatives as antibacterial,antifungal and antiviral agents in order to provide references for their further research and development.


The fast development of translucent Optical Burst Switching (OBS) technology, which employs multiple wavelengths per fiber, increases the size (i.e., the number of ports) as well as the cost and power consumption of Optic Cross-Connects (OXCs). This paper studies the impact of OBS network parameter settings, where switching is performed at the Waveband Switching (WS) granularity using an end-to-end grouping method to reduce the number of lightpaths and switch ports. The simulation results illustrate that using OBS networks with WS by the suitable parameter settings, namely the Burstification Time (BT) and waveband granularity, offers considerable energy savings in the core network compared to using an OBS network without WS, where overall power consumption is decreased by maximizing BT values and waveband granularity.


Abstract The excavation and valorization of subterranean archaeological remains, and eventually opening a site to the public, required a proper management and conservation strategy. This strategy was based on the evaluation of the delicate balance between the requirements for public health and safety, and the protection of the archaeological remains from future degradation. Controlling the climate can be essential for a preventive conservation strategy, which can be defined as an indirect action to increase the life expectancy of the archaeological remains, and by doing so keeping them in a preferred state of conservation to mitigate damage and/or deterioration. Potential risks and possible interventions are outlined to avoid climatic conditions which are in conflict with the requirements for the visitors' comfort while preventing damage phenomena to the materials.


To study the effects of soybean oil and linseed oil in diets on the quantities of four rumen cellulytic bacteria,namely Fibrobacter succinogenes,Ruminococcus flavefaciens,Ruminobacter albus and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens,the real-time PCR was employed with the primers designed in accordance with 16S rDNA of the four bacteria mentioned above.The results showed that 1) compared with the control group(CK),the quantities of four bacteria in soybean oil group(LOC1) and linseed oil group(LOC2) were significantly reduced(P0.05)by 78% 31%,30% 36%,27% 23%,6% 13% in average,respectively,showing that the impacts of 4% soybean oil and linseed oil on Fibrobacter succinogenes were the most significant;2) real-time PCR method could more directly,accurately and rapidly quantify the rumen cellulytic bacteria than traditional methods,and reflect the change trend of bacteria while the diets changed.


Since the beginning of this century, "Converging Technologies", represented by the fusion of nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, and cognitive science, have developed rapidly around the world. Converging technologies aim at enhancing the ability of human beings and improving people's living environment. However, the related ethical issues are more prominent because of the remodeling and transformation of people's inherent nature. This article begins by reviewing U.S., European, and Chinese scientists' expectations and visions for converging technologies and points out that all these technologies are centered on humans and their needs, aiming at helping people live a life of comfort and convenience. Then, from the perspective of philosophy of technology, the article analyzes the characteristics of modern technology. It points out that although all technologies aim at enhancing and improving people's abilities, in contrast to traditional technologies, converging technologies under the modern context have undergone major changes, both in the form of technological theory and in the form of technical knowledge. First, converging technologies exhibit unity of material at the nanoscale, therefore, the theoretical premise of this "unified science" is, after all, the unity of nature and the unity of material or matter. Second, the key in the convergence of technologies is to integrate humans and machine, humans and technology, and its path is to break the boundaries between natural objects and artifacts. In contrast to traditional technologies that aim at improving human capabilities though artifacts external to the human body, converging technologies, more often than not, aim at the inside of the human body, attempting to shape and change the human body and functions at the more micro level. At this level, the boundaries between artifacts and natural objects, between life and non-life, are blurred. Third, converging technologies result in the embedding of technology in society and human life. As technology gets more and more embedded within the human body and in the environment outside the human body, humans become more and more dependent on technology, and on the other hand, we are not aware of this dependence, we do not even feel its presence. The deeper the technology is embedded in the environment and the life world, the harder we could feel its presence, the greater its impacts are for social life.


The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the concept of a random laser and show how strongly the properties of random lasers depend on the strength of light scattering in a gain medium. Random lasers, theoretically predicted forty years ago and experimentally demonstrated more than twenty years ago, have developed into a large area of research. It is not the goal of this chapter to provide a comprehensive review of all of the results and phenomena known in the field, many of which are discussed in Refs. 5-€"7. Instead, using a limited number of examples, I attempt to identify the major regimes of operation of random lasers and relate them to the strength of scattering or character of feedback.

The chapter is organized as follows. The concept of regular lasers is briefly discussed in Sec. 12.2, and the idea of a laser with nonresonant feedback and a random laser are introduced in Sec. 12.3. Photon migration and localization in scattering media, their theoretical description, and applications to random lasers are discussed in Sec. 12.4. The experimental behavior of random lasers with nonresonant feedback, exemplified by neodymium random lasers, is described in detail in Sec. 12.5. Stimulated emission in ZnO random lasers with resonant feedback is presented in Sec. 12.6. Different strengths of scattering, regimes of the stimulated emission feedback, and their effect on the coherence of random laser operation are discussed in Sec. 12.7. Finally, the major regimes of the operation of random lasers are summarized in Sec. 12.8.


Report presenting an investigation of a P-513 airplane with the propeller removed in flight at Mach numbers up to 0.755 and a comparison of those results with those of a wind tunnel test with a scale model.


Examines the impact of cultural values on the effectiveness and use of 19 organization development interventions. Uses a qualitative, expert consensus methodology to collect data from seven culturally diverse countries: Taiwan, the United Kingdom, Bangladesh, Denmark, the People′s Republic of China, Venezuela, and Japan. Results support the hypothesis that the more congruent a culture is with the values of organization development, the more interventions will have both greater use and effectiveness. Suggests that specific cultural values, i.e. masculine/feminine, appear to be closely linked to specific interventions′ effectiveness.


88 refers to accusations, perhaps unfounded, that AFSC allies were "subversive," but that's all. Her book tells how, in 1952, activists organized to provide round-the-clock protection for a family that bought a Richmond, California, home and were subject to weeks of violence and harassment. Party member Jessica Mitford, in her memoir A Fine Old Conflict, describes the courageous role she and her comrades played in these events. It is to the shame of American liberals that our passion for racial justice paled in comparison to that of Communist Party members in the 1950s and even 1960s. An unavoidable shortcoming of To Live Peaceably Together is that a history of the AFSC necessarily gives short shrift not only to communists but to other allies it mentions. Each is worthy of treatment as competent as Tracy K'Meyer's of the Quakers' participation and occasional leadership. If white suburbanites are now to assume a role in campaigns for zoning reform, affordable housing, nondiscrimination enforcement and other programs to narrow racial inequality in housing, it will be harder if they are unaware of their many predecessors. To Live Peaceably Together competently fills that need in part, but still leaves a bigger story yet to be told to contemporary readers.


This paper considers the impact of existing land use patterns on housing supply price elasticities in local areas of England, under existing planning policies. The paper demonstrates that, despite common national planning policies, local supply responses to market pressures vary considerably, because of differences in historical land uses. The study area covers the Thames Gateway and Thames Valley, which lie to the east and west of London respectively. However, whereas the latter is one of the wealthiest areas of England, the former includes some of the highest pockets of deprivation and was a government priority area for increasing housing supply. Due to differences in historical land use and geography, the price elasticity in the least constrained area is approximately six times higher than the most constrained.


An automatically monitoring method of electrical device is proposed in this paper. Various visualization monitoring systems are built to save maintenance costs and improve operation efficiency. Limited to the working principle of ordinary camera lens, obtained image is easy to produce image deformity and aberration. In order to solve this problem, an image correction method based on phase-only correlation (POC) in power industry is suggested to get the image information of the actual situation of device. Experimental results show that proposed method can effectively save testing cost and achieve a high correction accuracy of device image.


In the proxy signature schemes from pairings,the pairing operations are the most time-consuming.In order to reduce times of the pairing operations,this paper proposes a new proxy signature from bilinear pairings.The security of the scheme depends on the hardness assumption of discrete logarithm problem and the computation Diffie-Hellman problem.Its security is analyzed and the result shows that this scheme is secure and effective,it can effectively resist the strong forgery attacks and satisfy the security properties of strong proxy signature.Compared with other schemes,the new scheme has better computational efficiency.


4 Chapter I: Introduction 5 Chapter II: Background of FDA and Definitions 7 Chapter III: Literature Review 10 Chapter IV: Methodology 15 Data Collection 15 Chapter IV: Analysis of Data 17 Research Projects 19 Sponsored Projects 28 Individual Project 33 Chapter VI: Discussion and Conclusion 36 References 42


A study of young children in early years settings highlighting their emotional needs is open to interpretation, Ruth Thomson finds.


A case study is useful, as you have done. I recommend following the case study with a subsection explicitly outlining the strengths and weaknesses for each of the 4 approaches. These should be summarised and combined in a table in the discussion section of the document so the reader has a clear impression of how each of the 4 approaches compare. A diagram illustrating the differences in coupling or how feedbacks are captured may be instructive.


Humans use a variety of technological artefacts to explore outer space, with robotics developing as an important field. Space exploration also provides an opportunity to develop social robotics. It has been shown that prolonged social isolation increases the tendency to anthropomorphise nonhuman agents. While it is recognised that an illusion of humanness can be successfully created in inanimate objects, whether it is possible to maintain such an illusion over time remains to be understood. Manned space missions provide an example of intense isolation, hence, a particularly sharp focus on our tendency to anthropomorphise and an opportunity for long-term Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) studies. The use of social robots in space missions will contribute to understanding anthropomorphism and social interaction that involves not only astronauts but also other socially isolated individuals who are often targeted in HRI research. This paper adopts the stance that the goal of social robotics in a space exploration context is to constructively develop an illusion of human traits in a machine in order to either help manage a need for a degree of social interaction, or to extend human sensing and action through more immersive telepresence robotics.


Local dimming (LD) has been selected as the next mainstream
display technology for automotive. The advantages over current
edge‐lit LCDs and AMOLEDs are significant. Nevertheless, there
are still many issues to be addressed. It must meet tough
automotive requirements and safety standards and display
automotive HMIs with high contrast and circular structures. The
fault tolerance with HMI is much lower compared to displaying
natural contents like that of TVs. Such an LD display is a tradeoff
between performance like power saving and visual quality at one
side and cost at other side. To lift this tradeoff, three methods need
to be worked on and combined.


Korean civil code knows two types of co-debtor: solidarity obligation similiar to joint and several liability in english civil law and indivisible obligation, in addition to which improper solidarity obligation is also acknowledged as a kind of co-debtor by the civil law jurisprudence. This article criticizes the majority of the tradional civil law jurisprudence on the solidarity obligation, which has considered the discharging effect a material alteration(a novatio), release, confusion and so on have in relation to another joint debtors as weakening the suretyship purpose and which has made a sharp critic against these-related rules of korean civil code as a legislation not reflecting the suretyship function of joint debtors. But this article estimates many relevant korean civil code rules as respecting legitimate interests of joint debtors, on the contrary to the traditional theory insisting some rules related to fostering suretyship function overestimate the interest of creditor against general civil law principles. Through the analysis of the traditional theory on the figure "co-debtor", this article aims to reconstruct the legal relation of plurality of debtors.


Electronic structure of FeGa3 has been studied using experiments and ab-initio calculations. Magnetization measurements show that FeGa3 is inherently diamagnetic in nature. Our studies indicate that the previously reported magnetic moment on the Fe atoms in FeGa3 is not an intrinsic property of FeGa3, but is primarily due to the presence of disorder, defects, grain boundaries etc that break the symmetry about the Fe dimers. Analysis of the results obtained from magnetic measurements, photoelectron spectroscopy, Fe K-edge X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy and ab-initio calculations clearly indicates that, the effects of on-site Coulomb repulsion between the Fe 3d electrons do not play any role in determining the electronic and magnetic properties of FeGa3. Detailed analysis of results of single crystal and poycrystalline FeGa3, helps to resolve the discrepancy in the electronic and magnetic properties in FeGa3 existing in the literature, consistently.


A spherical robot driven by two pendulums is designed,which is actuated by both the eccentric force and the inertial force generated by the inner drive unit when the robot is in motion.Because of the point contact between spherical shell and ground,the friction cannot counteract the change of motion state caused by motion error of inner drive unit when the robot is in a switching process between static configuration and dynamic configuration.A linear motion control method of two-pendulums-driven spherical robot is studied for the stable start-stop and speed control.The dynamic model of linear motion is constructed by Lagrange equation.A Gaussian function based smooth trajectory control method for linear motion is proposed through analysis of the relationship among dynamic parameters,and the correctness of the method is verified theoretically by simulation.A feedback controller of linear motion is designed to guarantee the accurate tracking of the expected value of practical control signals.The effectiveness of the controller is validated by simulation and prototype experiment.


Between the years 1948 and 1963, British spiritual seeker Gerald Palmer, who edited the English Philokalia, carried on a written correspondence with the Russian hieromonk and Athonite elder Fr. Nikon Strandtman. Through a regular exchange of letters, these men were able to build a bridge between their disparate worlds and establish a close lifelong relationship. Their letters functioned devotionally to extended the practices of pilgrimage and spiritual direction and supplement their face-to-face encounters with virtual interactions, which allowed Palmer to maintain a continuous link to the place of Athos and the person of Fr. Nikon.


A method for calculation of the solvent effect on the molecular electronic ground-state structure of ions and molecules has been presented. In this method, being a modification of the Warshel et al. approach, solvent molecules are represented by a three-dimensional cubic grid of Langevin polarizable point dipoles. The modifications introduced into the original model include (a) the representation of a solute molecule by atomic point charges, dipoles, and quadrupoles, (b) the full (i.e., without dumping) Langevin formula for the polarization, (c) mutual polarization of the solute and the solvent molecules, and (d) the Monte Carlo sampling technique for determination of the optimal position and orientation of the solute molecule. The proposed method has been applied in the calculation of hydration energies for small molecules, ions, α-amino acids, and DNA bases, as well as in calculations of the solvent effect on the electronic spectra of acetone, 4-nitroaniline, and Reichardt's betaine dye.


—Based on the data of national census in 2000 and 2010, this paper analyzes the basic changing trend of family size and structure in Lanzhou City, and discusses the social effects brought about by it. The results show that the total number of households in Lanzhou has risen rapidly in the past ten years, and the decrease of household size shows the development characteristics of the miniaturization of family scale and the simplification of family structure, and the phenomenon of aging and fewer children is highlighted. The change of family size structure gradually weakens the traditional family moral concept, weakens the family's old-age security function and the outstanding problem of child maintenance education.


In recent decades, multi level inverter has been playing important role to lessen the total harmonic distortion in the power electronic converters. The number of switches and and its losses have been the critical factor in multi-level inverters. In this Proposed technique, photo-voltaic based seven level inverter has been proposed to adjust the harmonics in the multi-level inverter. This proposed circuit consists of DC to DC converter and capacitor selection circuit. The number of switches utilized is very less and switching loss also less. A part from simulation study, the hardware proves the advantages of proposed system


Abstract This article analyses the literary work of Laura Pariani (1951–), a writer who, over the last twenty years, has gained a niche position in the contemporary canon. After situating Pariani in the context of Italian fiction in the 1990s–2010s, the analysis focuses on the 'centrality of margins' as the inspiring principle underpinning her production. In Pariani's writings marginality — geographical, gender-based, generational, linguistic — becomes a privileged point of view from which to assess the world. The protagonists of her works are women, but also children, immigrants, the socially marginalized, often dialect speakers, or those caught in situations of opposition to or compromise with the 'language of power', covering a chronological range from the sixteenth century to today. The decision to place those whom History has ignored at the centre of the stories, to give voice to the voiceless, is investigated here with a focus on multilingualism, on the places of narration, and on narrative structures, and is related back to the author's youthful militancy in the youth movements of the 1970s, including Milan's feminist collectives.


Patterns of cell proliferation in the prostate were compared between benign epithelium and dysplasia. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining was used to quantitate proliferation, and basal cells were tallied separately from secretory cells with the aid of keratin immunostaining. Using a novel technique, absolute cell densities (cells/mm) were determined and used to calculate growth fractions.


OF THE DISSERTATION INTERNATIONAL STOCK PORTFOLIO SELECTION AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES RECOGNIZING HIGHER MOMENTS OF RETURN DISTRIBUTIONS by Pornchai Chunhachinda Florida International University, 1995 Professor Shahid Hamid, Major Professor Since the seminal works of Markowitz (1952), Sharpe (1964), and Lintner (1965), numerous studies on portfolio selection and performance measure have been based upon the mean-variance framework. However, several researchers [ e.g. , Arditti ( 1967, and 1971), Samuelson (1970), and Rubinstein (1973)] argue that the higher moments cannot be neglected unless there is reason to believe that: (i) the asset returns are normally distributed and the investor's utility function is quadratic, or (ii) the empirical evidence demonstrates that higher moments are irrelevant to the investor's decision. Based on the same argument, this dissertation investigates the impact of higher moments of return distributions on three issues concerning the 14 international stock markets. First, the portfolio selection with skewness is determined using the Polynomial Goal Programming in which investor preferences for skewness can be incorporated. The empirical findings suggest that the return distributions of international stock markets are not normally distributed, and that the incorporation of skewness into an investor's portfolio decision causes a major change in the construction of his optimal portfolio. The evidence also indicates that an investor will trade expected return of the portfolio for skewness. Moreover, when short sales are allowed, investors are better off as they attain


The process of learning correct pronunciation can greatly benefit from the twin disciplines of information visualization (InfoVis) and human-computer interaction (HCI). HCI concerns with design, evaluation, and implementation for the ease of use of users, while InfoVis is responsible for representing multidimensional data in a specific information context. The two disciplines can, therefore, complement each other with the purpose of providing a visualization model in the information context of pronunciation. Such a model could provide an aid to pronunciation learning for different types of users. The proposed model integrates graphic aspects to be able to represent information in such a way that the user can visually capture a greater quantity of diverse voice characteristics and instantly recognize the pronunciation quality.


In this paper, we explore a Lewis-Skyrms signaling game with function words (instead of just atomic signals) and reinforcement learning therein. Simulation results are presented and connections to other approaches are drawn.


<250 words) In simple instrumental-learning tasks, humans learn to seek gains and to avoid losses equally well. Yet, two effects of valence are observed. First, decisions in loss-contexts are slower, which is consistent with the Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT) hypothesis. Second, loss contexts decrease individuals' confidence in their choices – a bias akin to a Pavlovian-to-metacognitive transfer (PMT). Whether these two effects are two manifestations of a single mechanism or whether they can be partially dissociated is unknown. Here, across six experiments, we attempted to disrupt the PIT effects by manipulating the mapping between decisions and actions and imposing constraints on response times (RTs). Our goal was to assess the presence of the metacognitive bias in the absence of the RT bias. Were observed both PIT and PMT despite our disruption attempts, establishing that the effects of valence on motor and metacognitive responses are very robust and replicable. Nonetheless, withinand between-individual inferences reveal that the confidence bias resists the disruption of the RT bias. Therefore, although concomitant in most cases, PMT and PIT seem to be – partly – dissociable. These results highlight new important mechanistic constraints that should be incorporated in learning models to jointly explain choice, reaction times and confidence. . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license certified by peer review) is the author/funder. It is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not this version posted March 26, 2020. . https://doi.org/10.1101/593368 doi: bioRxiv preprint


Excerpt Though fever has played a prominent role in the history of medicine, little has been learned until recently about its pathogenesis. Various experimental models to investigate the cause of f...


In this work, a commercial activated carbon (AC) impregnated with iron (7 wt % Fe on Fe/AC) was used as catalyst for the removal of the azo dye Orange II (OII) by the heterogeneous Fenton-like process. The influence of the particle size of the AC support on adsorption and catalytic runs was evaluated, using different particle sizes below commercial pellet form (cylinders of ca. 3 × 5 mm). The materials were characterized using several techniques (N2 and CO2 adsorption, XRD, and HRTEM). It was found that the porosity of the extruded AC was liberated by milling, enhancing the adsorption capacity and the adsorption rate. Nevertheless, total discoloration was achieved with the four particle sizes tested, albeit taking ca. 24 h using pellets but only 2 h using the powder, under the tested conditions. The dispersion of iron in the Fenton-like catalysts was also improved with the decrease in AC particle size, which also favored the catalytic activity. However, leaching increased in the same way. This tradeoff be...


In this paper, we present a competition model of malignant tumor growth that includes the immune system response. The model considers two populations: immune system (effector cells) and population of tumor (tumor cells). Ordinary differential equations are used to model the system to take into account the delay of the immune response. The existence of positive solutions of the model (with/without delay) is showed. We analyze the stability of the possible steady states with respect to time delay and the existence of positive solutions of the model (with and without delay). We show theoretically and through numerical simulations that periodic oscillations may arise through Hopf bifurcation. An algorithm for determining the stability of bifurcating periodic solutions is proved.


Using a nonequilibrium Green-function formalism we study numerically the conductance fluctuations in a quantum wire as a function of the applied bias. This system is represented by a tight-binding Hamiltonian with random site energies and the current through thewire is expressed in terms of a transmission coeficienf that can be computed by a recursive algorithm. We analyze the fluctuations in the transmission and in the differential conductance for different degrees of disorder, in the limit where the applied bias is much larger than the Thouless correlation energy E c


Using the theory of Modularity design,and depending on the reality of ideological and political education of college students,we build six module for their occupation on the implicit ability and quality qualified for the job: module of occupational psychology education,module of professional morality,module of career conception,module of vocational ability,module of career life,module of professional quality.Through this way,hope to changing the traditional education mode,and causing the comprehensive development of the college students at the implicit ability and quality qualified for the job.


The general results on the convergence of the Ishikawa iteration methods for φ strongly pseudocontractions and nonlinear operator equations of φ strongly accretive type is established in arbitrary Banach spaces.The authors extend the recent results due to Osilike and other authors.


A multigrid method has been developed for the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations on unstructured hybrid grids in two and three dimensions. The coarse grids are automatically generated from the finest grid through element collapsing. This has been used in preference to a previous edge-collapsing technique to preserve as much structure as possible within semistructured grids. The performance of the multigrid is significantly improved through the use of Jacobi preconditioning within a Runge-Kutta iterative smoother. Results are presented for a variety of two-dimensional and three-dimensional problems, both inviscid and viscous, with the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model


This paper presents a new scheme for authenticated key distribution. The scheme is based on systematic linear block codes in errorcontrol coding theory and does not make use of any encmption algorithms. In addition,the scheme is secure against attaks from inside and outside attackers,and can improve the reliability commuincation.


Matrix elements of the deuteron axial current are calculated in the covariant spectator scheme of Gross, and compared to a corresponding calculation using light-front dynamics. The results confirm the dominant role in both approaches of the deuteron D state in observable effects beyond the nonrelativistic limit. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


To the Editors: The report of Cadranel et al.1 differs from previous nationwide surveys2,3 of liver biopsy by its prospective study design. Among their interesting results, these investigators observed that severe complications (which occurred in 0.57% of patients) increased with the number of passes and decreased with the experience of theoperator, useof atropine, andultrasoundguidance.Were these four factors independently associated with complications? If so, what were their F values, and was there any predilection of an individual prognostic factor for a specific complication? Two of these prognostic factors were of particular interest. The first concerned ultrasound guidance and confirmed other reports4-7 indicating that liver biopsies performed with ultrasound are associated with less pain8 and may obviate the need for multiple passes5; also ultrasound may be cost effective in the United States if its cost is less than $100.9 Although some disagreement exists,10,11 the majority of the published data suggest that biopsy under ultrasound guidance should become the standard of care. The second factor of interest was the association of severe complications with multiple passes of the needle. For reaching this conclusion, the authors compared one pass (26.6% complication rate) with more than one pass (68% complication rate). To know at what point the risk actually increases, however, we need the complication rate by number of passes, for each number greater than 1. This is important since recent guidelines state, "two passes may be made without affecting the complication rate."7 In addition, the references that the authors use to support their conclusioneitherdidnotevaluate thenumberofpasses2 or found that the complication rate increased only with 3 or more passes.12 Another, albeit smaller, study also was unable to establish an association between the number of passes and the complication rate.4 Since there were no biopsy-related deaths in the present study, with which complication5 was the number of passes associated? Four of the 12 severe complications occurred with biopsies that were performed without ultrasound (which may decrease the need for multiple passes and prevent complications). Of the remaining 8 complications, 4 were vaso-vagal, 1 was a hemoperitoneum, and 3 involved punctured viscera. It would be important to know whether these latter 4 complications were associated with the number of passes. Finally, thereappears tobeadiscordance in thecalculatednumber of complications, depending on how this is determined: based on the specific type of complication, there were 530 events (20%, 3%, 2%, and 0.5% of patients developed moderate pain, severe pain, vaso-vagal episodes, and severe complications, respectively); based on the number of passes, there were 736 events (26.6% of the 1,646 patients having 1 pass and 68% of the 438 patients having more than 1 pass). Why this discrepancy?


The invention discloses a full-automatic numerical control steel tube cutting machine, comprising a rack, a steel tube fixing part, a steel tube cutting part and a steel tube cooling part. The full-automatic numerical control steel tube cutting machine is characterized in that the steel tube cutting part comprises a milling cutter mounting seat, a second motor and a milling cutter, a driving shaft of the second motor is coaxially fixed with a driving belt pulley, the milling cutter mounting seat is internally coupled with the driving shaft, a driven belt pulley is coaxially and fixedly installed at one end of the driving shaft, the milling cutter is fixedly installed at the other end of the driving shaft, and a rack is provided with a milling cutter radial driving mechanism used for driving the milling cutter to move in the radial direction of a steel tube to be cut. The full-automatic numerical control steel tube has the advantages that due to the adoption of the milling cutter, the thickness of a steel tube to be cut by the milling cutter is less than that of the steel tube to be cut by a traditional turning tool, so that the utilization ratio of raw materials is increased greatly; and a steel tube cutting width adjusting mechanism is arranged on the milling cutter mounting seat, when the steel tube is installed, only the position of a cushion block needs to be adjusted, then one end to be cut of the steel tube props the cushion block, then the cutting width can be ensured, so that the convenience and the rapidness can be achieved, and the precision of the cutting size can be ensured.


Abstract : This article proposes a novel architectural model which augments the latest developments in automatic program parallelization and distributed systems to achieve a level of practicality as yet known to either field. Today's premier automatic parallelization model is well suited to implementation on a network of commodity workstations (NOW) using a very thing layer of software support.


OBJECTIVES:Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) with a mass formation or swollen pancreas located in one or two segments of the gland (focal type AIP) has been reported. The aims of this study were to elucidate the relationship of the disease entity between this focal variant and so-called tumor-forming pancreatitis (TFP) and to describe the clinical and imaging features discriminating focal AIP from pancreatic carcinoma (Pca).METHODS:The clinical, radiologic, and pathologic profiles of nine patients with focal AIP were reviewed retrospectively and compared with those of 11 patients with alcohol-induced TFP and 80 patients with Pca.RESULTS:The patients with focal AIP were predominantly older (mean age 64.7 ± 13.6 yr, range 28–78 yr), male, and presenting with obstructive jaundice or focal pancreatic enlargement accompanied by mild abdominal symptoms. In comparison, the patients with alcohol-induced TFP who were mostly middle-aged (mean age 50.1 ± 7.95 yr, range 39–62 yr), male, and often had attacks of pancreatitis associated with findings of CT scans showing pseudocysts or peripancreatic effusion. Focal AIP usually demonstrated no abnormalities on pancreatograms downstream from the stricture or obstruction and often presented few contrast-filled side branches in the area of main pancreatic duct (MPD) stenosis. These characteristics were similar to the imaging features of Pca. Significant factors differentiating focal AIP from Pca were lower serum levels of CA19-9, homogeneous delayed enhancement evident in dynamic CT scans, and ERCP findings exhibiting a longer stenosed MPD and a thinner MPD upstream from the stricture.CONCLUSIONS:Focal AIP is associated with clinical and radiologic features that are different from those of alcohol-induced TFP. In TFP there are two causative factors, namely, AIP and alcohol-induced chronic pancreatitis. Differential diagnosis of focal AIP from Pca seems to be possible in many cases by evaluating imaging findings such as dynamic CT and ERCP, although focal AIP sometimes shows clinical and radiologic features similar to those of Pca.


Analyzing the existing historical linkages between development dynamics and the nature of institutions, the neo-institutionalist economic literature highlights the role of cultural and religious beliefs in blocking economic expansion within the Arab-Muslim world. The hypothesis underlying this work emphasizes two essential factors: on the one hand, the predominance within Muslim countries of personal and informal links, and on the other hand, the predominance of collectivist behaviors, whereas the individualistic orientation of the western medieval world helped to ensure its superiority. This contribution endeavours in reference to Ibn Khaldun's intuitions, to show that, far from being attributed to cultural factors, the limits of economic development are related to the institutional rigidification process that the Arab-Muslim world has experienced since the twelfth century.


Background Globally, the percentage of older adults (60 years and above) is increasing and it is projected to reach 28.1% of the total population of the Kingdom of Bahrain by 2050 [1] . Due to lack of awareness of healthcare professionals and patients alike in the developing world most of cognitive impairment cases remain undiagnosed. A study carried out by Chodosh et al. (2004) showed that healthcare professionals were unaware of the prevalence of a cognitive impairment in more than 40 percent of their cognitively impaired patient [2] . In another study, Kotagal et al. (2014) reported that for more than half of patients diagnosed with dementia, a proper clinical cognitive evaluation had not been performed by healthcare professionals [3] . Failure to carry out a proper assessment of cognitive function of the elderly is most likely to hinder the treatment of cognitive impairment and other comorbid conditions, with the cognitive condition worsening over time in most cases [4] [5] [6] [7] . Factors that influence the frequent admissions of dementia patients are different than those that result in long-term hospitalization of the patient [8] . An increase in the length of hospitalization of patients suffering from dementia was mostly as a result of the effects of dementia on mobility, continence, nutrition of the patient as well as delirium and low-quality of social life [9] . This study was performed in a post-acute medical care facility, the Ebrahim Khalil Kanoo Community Medical Center (EKKCMC) which can be described as a post-acute medical care center that provides care for patients in the post-acute stage but not for long term care. In order to best describe EKKCMC, inpatient services that operate at a different level to acute or long-term care are described as "intermediate care" [10] [11] . Sub-acute care is generally more intensive than in a traditional nursing care facility [12] . EKKCMC provides care to all age groups, yet over 80% of patients receiving care in this facility are elderly with the average age being about 60 years old. Cognitive impairment has a major impact on the quality of life of elderly persons. Understanding the epidemiology of cognitive impairment in a given Abstract Cogni t ive impairment is common in eldery pat ients admitted to subacute rehabi l i ta t ion cent res and is related to poor outcomes in terms of rehabi l i tat ion. The current study is designed to re trospect ively describe the resul ts o f the assessment of a group of pat ients admitted to Ebrahim Khal i l Kanoo Community Medical Center (EKKCMC), a Post acute care faci l i ty in Bahrain.


The proposed work in this paper describes the implementation of universal asynchronous transmitter and receiver, that is UART. The UART is a type of a serial communication protocol which serves the purpose of full duplex communication over a serial link. The UART here in is described by hardware description language that is Verilog HDL. The Verilog HDL code has been simulated in the ModelSim 10.1d and implemented on Altera DE1 board.


PURPOSE
To examine an ethnographic study using evaluation criteria for theory-testing through verification of personal experience.

ORGANIZING FRAMEWORK
Ten theory-verification criteria developed by Silva and Sorrel (1992) for inductive methods of inquiry.

SCOPE AND SOURCES
A 1995 ethnographic study conducted with Mexican Americans and conceptualized within Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing. Twenty Mexican American key informants were from 13 families. Primary data sources were focused observations and a series of ethnographic interviews. The study, purposes, methods, selected findings, confirmability and credibility of study findings, and relevance to Orem's theory are presented in the context of each criterion.

FINDINGS
The purpose, design, analysis, and examination of results of the 1995 study sufficiently meet the 10 formative criteria. Because this study can be considered an example of theory verification research, findings are relevant to the development of Orem's theory.

CONCLUSIONS
Through the use of theory-verification criteria, inductive methods of research can be used to test or verify theory. The testing of nursing theory with diverse populations is an important direction for continued theory development. Use of evaluation criteria can serve as a template for inclusion of diverse perspectives.


Xide County is the hometown of Yi language,Ke-zhi(folk literature) and lacquer of Yi nationality.In order to make Xide economy better,the county Party Committee and the local government have set up the strategy of building the county with a culture development as core and tourism as high point and have done successful work.However,owing to the problems of shortage of capital,scattered resources and development homogenization,the culture resources of the county are not sufficiently made used of and they are not used at a higher level.Therefore,it is necessary to integrate resources and develop cultural-based tourism to promote economy in the county.


Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective and progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). While the underlying cause of neurodegeneration is unknown, mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as a potential cause of PD. Most PD cases are idiopathic, with familial forms accounting for less than ten percent of PD cases. Nevertheless, the identification of rare, inheritable variants of the disease has increased our understanding of PD etiology. More specifically, loss-of-function mutations in the PARK2 gene, which encodes the E3 ubiquitin (Ub)-ligase Parkin, have been linked to autosomal-recessive juvenile parkinsonism (ARJP). Parkin, along with PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), another PD-associated protein, mediate the removal of dysfunctional mitochondria through a specialized form of autophagy. X-ray crystallography, however, has revealed that Parkin is auto-inhibited in its basal state and requires extensive conformational rearrangement to exhibit E3 ligase activity. These structural changes can be monitored using fluorescent probes, that can be used to guide the discovery of small-molecule activators of Parkin. We have developed three fluorescence-based assays to monitor Parkin activity. The first assay detects the transfer of Ub onto Parkin as a direct consequence of Parkin activation. The second is a cell-based assay that monitors specific conformational changes in Parkin during activation using Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The third is a modified in vitro FRET assay that can be used to validate small-molecule activators of Parkin. Since Parkin exhibits neuroprotective activity, activators of Parkin have the potential to slow down or stop the progression of PD.%%%%La maladie de Parkinson (MP) est une maladie neurodegenerative caracterisee par la degenerescence progressive des neurones dopaminergiques de la substance noire. Tandis que l'agent causant la neurodegenerescence est inconnu, la dysfonction mitochondriale a ete identifiee comme une cause potentielle de la MP. La plupart des cas de MP sont idiopathiques, et les formes familiales representent moins de 10% des cas. Cependant, l'identification de variants rares et heritables de la MP ont ameliore notre comprehension de son etiologie. Plus precisement, des mutations causant une perte-de-fonction du gene PARK2, qui encode l'ubiquitin (Ub)-ligase E3 Parkin, ont ete liees au parkinsonisme autosomal-recessif juvenile. Parkin agit avec la kinase putative 1 induite par PTEN (PINK1), elle aussi associee a la MP, pour controler l'elimination des mitochondries dysfonctionnelles via une forme specialisee d'autophagie. La cristallographie aux rayons X a cependant revele que Parkin est auto-inhibee dans son etat basal, et requiert un rearrangement conformationnel majeur afin d'exhiber son activite ligase. Ces changements structurels peuvent etre monitores avec des sondes fluorescentes, guidant la decouverte de petite molecules activatrices de Parkin. Nous avons…


Smart sensor is a recent concept presenting numerous advantages such as versatility, strong electromagnetic immunity, reduction of the connectivity, high computation power, etc. In civil engineering smart sensor based systems are well suited due to the large amount of spatially distant transducers and the need of large computational power. However, such systems require long development time, especially in their software part, and beside the multitude of instrumentation problems encountered, the need of a generic model is strong. The aim of the model is the design of a software generator for distributed data acquisition system. The key of our system is in the description of an instrumentation plane under the form of a data dependence graph (DDG). The goal of the generator is to map and 'execute' that DDG on the physical architecture according to the number of transducers, their affectation to the smart sensors and a PC based system controller. In this paper, after an outline of the smart sensor concept, we describe the DDG based representation of the instrumentation plan. An example of bridge monitoring is then described. Finally, the smart sensor, the system controller and the network modelization are outlined and their ability to allow the DDG mapping with the help of local or remote variable is shown.


The temperature variation of the piezoelectric photo-thermal (PPT) signal intensity of semi-insulating (SI) GaAs from 20 to 150 K was measured. Four peaks at 50, 70, 110, and 125 K were observed in the PPT signal. From the theoretical analysis based on the rate equations of electrons in the conduction band and deep levels, we concluded that the observed four peaks were due to the nonradiative electron transitions through EL6, EL7, EL15, and an unspecified deep level, respectively. Deep levels with extremely low concentration (1012–1015 cm−3) were clearly identified in SI GaAs by using the PPT method.


As I begin my seventh year of life in New Zealand, I've been reflecting upon the first six and looking forward to the future. I suppose this is reminiscent of New Year's Eve celebrations: looking back and thinking ahead. Over the past few years, many changes have taken place in the education of New Zealand's gifted and talented students. It's been an exciting time for advocates of gifted education, described by Roger Moltzen (1996) as a "new era" that "may hold more promise than previous periods" (p. 1).


There are some special characteristics in clinical training for students of seven-year program in anesthesiology,such as selecting teaching materials,clinical training methods and research training methods.Some achievements have been made in our department in these fields by exploring some effective teaching methods and practice.For further improving education qualities of seven-year program,more discussions should be made on some problems based on our experiences.


The work consists in describing the types of modulation and their parameters for the selection and construction of modern digital communication networks with multiple subscriber access to network resources and high-speed interconnection. The goal is to systematize communication systems and provide multiple access of network subscribers to resources and high-speed data exchange. Solution method. The article discusses the technologies and standards of modern communication systems in terms of the structure of the construction of receiving and transmitting devices from the conversion of an analog signal into a digital form to the flow of symbolic solutions from the output of the demodulator. The classification of types of wired/wireless communication, communication standards, types of modulation on an analog carrier is carried out. The features of the hardware implementation of receiving and transmitting devices, transmission speeds and operating conditions of communication channels were taken into account. The largest manufacturers of the element base and specialized digital signal processing chips are presented, on which the interfaces of the physical layer of most receiving and transmitting devices of communication systems are implemented. As a result of the analysis, a set of modulation types that are currently used in most communication channels was determined, as well as the main parameters of their operation.


A cable equation is presented that describes the subthreshold response of a nerve axon to electromagnetic stimulation . This equation is normalized to identify dimensionless parameters that determine whether the stimulus strength is sufficient to elicit an action potential . Scaling laws predict threshold stimulus strength is inversely proportional to current pulse duration for short pulses but is independent of duration for long pulses. Threshold stimulus strength is inversely proportional to fiber diameter in unmyelinated axons, and inversely proportional to the diameter squared in myelinated axons. These findings are consistent with numerical solutions of the dynamic equations that include membrane kinetics (2).


This dissertation focuses on the development and validation of a new Hybrid-Mixed Stress model for the analysis of reinforced concrete structures using concrete elements with embedded reinforcements. The Hybrid-Mixed Stress is able to obtain solutions where the deficiencies in equilibrium, typical of the conventional finite element model, are smaller or even non-existent. The use of embedded reinforcements on concrete elements presents several advantages when compared to previous approaches, namely: mesh generation and problem definition is simpler and the total number of elements and degrees-of-freedom are typically smaller. The proposed model formulation is presented in the dissertation and its performance is assessed throughout a set of examples that compare the results with the ones from the conventional finite element method, from a similar hybrid-mixed stress model but with the reinforcement bars located along the boundaries of the concrete elements and with results from experimental tests. These results show that the proposed model is able to simulate the response of the reinforced concrete structures considered in the validation tests with accuracy and with improved computational cost.


Based on the present situation of the infrastructure of universities,this paper expounds some problems needing attention in the infrastructure's construction cost control in universities,which include the design before construction,the declaim in the construction,the settlement of the construction costs,and the audit after the construction,etc.


Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is widely applied to evaluate the intracranial large artery stenosis. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of TCD in detecting siphon internal carotid artery (SICA) stenosis against digital subtraction angiography (DSA).


A 72-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), Binet Stage A, of 7 years duration was referred to our centre with disease progression (night sweats and increasing leucocyte count). He had been treated with chlorambucil for 6 years because of generalized lymphadenopathy. His peripheral blood count showed anaemia (haemoglobin concentration 98 g/l), leucocytosis (WBC 49 9 10/l) and a normal platelet count (140 9 10/l). A May-Gr€ unwald-Giemsa-stained peripheral blood film (left) displayed predominately atypical lymphocytic cells with more than half containing spherical intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions of various sizes, resembling the Russell bodies sometimes seen in plasma cells. In some cells the cytoplasm was completely occupied by the inclusions. The spectrum of small to large lymphocytes including lymphoplasmacytoid cells suggested a mixed cell type CLL. Immunocytological analysis detected IgM within the inclusions (right). Flow cytometric analysis revealed a phenotype typical of CLL with positivity for CD19, CD5, CD23, CD43, CD20, CD38, lambda light chain restriction and dim sIgM/ cyIgM, while ZAP70, CD138 and FMC7 were negative. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis demonstrated a 13q14 deletion. In CLL, two morphologically different intracytoplasmic inclusions have been reported. Most studies describe Auerrod like structures, located within the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, oval or round pink stained inclusions, as observed in our patient, have been reported in only a few cases. These inclusions consist of immunoglobulin, remaining in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. As in our case, the immunoglobulin of the inclusions displays an identical pattern of heavy and light chain restriction to that on the cell surface. Most of the cases have been of IgM lambda type. The prognostic significance of this morphological feature is unknown.


Wildlife-vehicle collisions pose a major safety concern to motorists and can be a significant source of mortality for wildlife. A 13-mile section of US Highway 30 in southwest Wyoming that passes through Nugget Canyon has been especially problematic because it bisects the winter range and migration route of a large mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) herd. Through the 1990's, an average of 130 deer were killed each year. Accordingly, the Wyoming Department of Transportation (WYDOT) installed a series of 20' span x 10' rise x 60' length concrete box culvert underpasses and game-proof fencing (8' high and constructed of woven wire) to funnel deer to the underpasses. The purpose of this study was to quantify the number of mule deer that used the underpasses, identify their seasonal and temporal movement patterns, and evaluate how effective the underpasses were at reducing deer-vehicle collisions. Through two years of monitoring, the authors documented 25,886 mule deer move through the underpasses. Peak movements during the fall migration occurred in mid-December, while peak spring movements occurred in mid-March and early-May. Most mule deer moved through underpasses during morning (0600-0800 hrs) and evening (1800-2000 hrs) periods. Deer-vehicle collisions were effectively reduced 81%, from 0.75 per month at each milepost to 0.14 per/month. Provided that fence gates remain closed and cattle guards remain clear of snow, deer-vehicle collisions should be eliminated from Nugget Canyon in the near future. Importantly, other wildlife species such as elk (Cervus elaphus), pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), moose (Alces alces), cougar (Felis concolor), and bobcat (Felis rufus) benefited from underpass construction. The results suggest that underpasses, combined with game-proof fencing, can provide safe and effective movement corridors for mule deer and other wildlife species and improve highway safety for motorists.