This chapter summarizes why nondestructive evaluation (NDE) is important in the aerospace industry, and then reviews both classical and emerging NDE techniques. Classical techniques presented include visual, penetrant testing, magnetic particle, eddy current, ultrasonic, and x-ray. The emerging techniques discussed include thermal imaging, laser based optical, terahertz, microwave, millimeter-wave, and real-time ultrasonic imaging. The strengths, limitations, flaw detectability, and typical aerospace applications of the techniques are discussed.

Keywords:

nondestructive evaluation;
NDE;
NDI;
NDT;
aerospace;
inspection;
imaging;
ultrasonic;
eddy current;
x-ray;
thermography;
shearography;
terahertz;
microwave


'Creative reading' is a type of reading, that has been included as reading education contents since 2007 revised Korean language curriculum. Reading activities like trying to solve a problem posed by the text and finding an alternative to the problem come under the creative reading. But it seems that they are not the types of comprehension but just simple physical combinations of 'creativity' and 'reading'. Proposing education contents for creative reading of poetry needs to be approached in terms of task-specific creativity not domain-general creativity. Reading a poem creatively is to read and interpret a poem in the social and cultural context of the reader using his or her interpretative creativity, and then to reach his or her insight into human nature and society. Education contents of creative reading of poetry can be summarized as follows; ① finding issues and constructing contextual meaning utilizing interpretative creativity, ② reaching his or her insight into human and society by expanding the scope his or her thinking.


Methods: This qualitative study was performed using phenomenological method with Colaizzi's approach on the perception of menopausal women about menopause in 2018. A total of 14 women aged 45-60 years (menopausal and had husband), were selected by purposeful and homogeneous sampling from individuals referred to comprehensive health centers in Mashhad city, and content analysis was conducted by 7-step Colaizzi's sampling.


Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of merger and acquisition (M&A) transactions from private equity and hedge funds. Owing to the recent financial and economic crisis, there is a controversial discussion about the implications of M&As from private equity and hedge funds. It is argued that acquisitions, which are driven by financial investors (FIs) like private equity and hedge funds, have solely short-term profit interests and might be under certain circumstances a source for future financial crisis. Therefore, these FIs should be regulated more severely. Design/methodology/approach - This paper examines the implications of M&As from different types of investors (FIs versus non-FIs) by analysing the wealth effects of Austrian- and Swiss target companies. The authors use the event study methodology to analyze the effects of an merger announcement to see whether the financial markets believe the merger will create or destroy value. Findings - Considering the wealth effects of the different types of investors, the findings of this paper support the necessity of special regulations for FIs such as private equity and hedge funds. This is due to the fact that lower performance is linked to the disgraceful business conduct of an FI who is oriented toward short-term profit at the cost of the target company and their stakeholders. Originality/value - This paper provided an overview of different event study methods and examined the implications of different types of investors by analysing the wealth effects of Swiss and Austrian target companies. It is the first empirical study about the impact of M&A transactions from private equity and hedge funds in Austria and Switzerland.


Abstract : The United Nations Command derives its legitimacy from the 1950 United Nations resolutions through which it was activated in 1953 during the Korean War. Its original purpose was to provide a command structure for multinational United Nations operations against the illegal communist invasion. The Armistice Agreement, signed in 1953 by the Commander in Chief of the United Nations Command, stopped the armed conflict and has provided a way to manage the crisis effectively for over 50 years. North Korea realized that the United Nations Command prevents reunification by force and imposes a heavy burden politically and militarily on the North. Therefore, North Korea has tried repeatedly to weaken and dissolve the United Nations Command and has suggested replacing the Armistice Agreement with a bilateral U.S.-North Korea Peace Agreement. However, the United Nations Command provides an effective mechanism for multinational operations. It is a valuable instrument not only for the current political situation, but also for the future security of North-East Asia. Until the conclusion of a stable peace agreement, the United Nations Command will continue to be essential to the United States and the Republic of Korea. (3 tables, 2 figures, 50 refs.)


We propose a protocol for quantum networking based on deterministic quantum state transfer between distant memory nodes using photon-number superposition states (PNSS). In the suggested scheme, the quantum nodes are single atoms confined in high-finesse optical cavities linked by photonic channels. The quantum information written in a superposition of atomic Zeeman states of sending system is faithfully mapped through cavity-assisted Raman scattering onto PNSS of linearly polarized cavity photons. The photons travel to the receiving cavity, where they are coherently absorbed with unit probability creating the same superposition state of the second atom, thus ensuring high-fidelity transfer between distant nodes. We develop this approach at first for photonic qubit and show that this superposition state is no less reliably protected against the propagation losses compared to the single-photon polarization states, whereas the limitation associated with the delivery of more than one photon does not affect the process fidelity. Then, by preserving the advantages of qubits, we extend the developed technique to the case of state transfer by photonic qutrit, which evidently possesses more information capacity. This reliable and efficient scheme promises also a successful distribution of entanglement over long distances in quantum networks.


Conglutination is one of the most important index of PET quality, however detecting instrument can not reflect the fluctuation of quality promptly. For finding the relationship of operation conditions and index of quality, support vector machine is used for modeling the PET conglutination. Support vector machine is a kind of new machine learning method based on statistic. The affection of the permission error parameter and kernel function is considered. A method of adjusting the model on-line is presented, which verifies the model according to the changing data, and simulation result shows that it greatly improves precision of the model.


In Escherichia coli, the protein L7/L12 is present in four copies, as two dimer per 50S ribosomal subunit. It plays an important role in the factor-related steps of protein synthesis such as EF-G coupled GTP hydrolysis (1-3), and the binding of translation, elongation and initiation factors (4, 5). Structurally this protein is composed of two distinct domains separated by a putative flexible hinge which is a proline-alanine rich region. The N-terminal domain is important for L7/L12 dimerization (6) and is essential for its binding to ribosomes (7). The C-termnal domain is compact and globular (1). This domain contains a potential GTP binding site and is required for interactions with elongation factors (1, 2, 6, 7). The L7/L12-like proteins (L7 is an amino-acetylated form of L12) have been found in ribosomes of all microorganisms so far examined to date and one of the most extensively investigated components of the prokaryotic ribosomes. In this study, fragments encoding a internal part of L7/L12-like protein from Mycobacterium bovis BCG Tokyo were amplified by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The 5' oligonucleotide primer was designed from the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified BCG L12-like protein and 3' oligonuclcotide primer was designed from conserved amino acid sequences within Streptomzyces griseus (8),


Antibacterial dressings containing nano-silver powders (n-Ag)/dimethyl sulfoxide (MSM)/poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) were prepared by electrospinning. Field emission scanning electron microscope( ESEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX) were applied for the investigation of the microscopic structure and surface elements of the dressings as well as mechanical properties, water absorption, cell compatibility and antibacterial function so that we could comprehensively evaluate the functionality and practicability of dressings. The results show that the fibers of dressing is a crossing grid-like structure, interconnected, and gradually enhenced the mechanical strength of fibers with increasing of n-Ag content, as well as water absorption ability. When the n-Ag content is more than 1% (mass fraction), the dressings show a good antibacterial ability against the Gram-positive staphylococci and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. Cell experimental results show that when the content of n-Ag is between 0. 01%-10%, the dressings are non-toxic or low toxicity; when the content of n-Ag is less than 1%, it contributes to the growth and proliferation of cells. Therefore, we conclude that the dressing has a good biocompatibility and antibacterial properties, and has broad application prospects in a functional medical dressings research and industrial area.


This article discusses the building up of measurement patterns that will allow characterization and classifi cation of innovation systems found in Brasizilian States. From database information currently available in the country, Science, Technology and Innovation Index is obtained for the South and Southeast Regions of the Country. The results suggest the existence of at least four "stages" in the development of the innovation state systems in the region. Sao Paulo is in the most advanced "stage"; Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina come right after Sao Paulo; Parana and Minas Gerais are in less comfortable positions, whereas Espirito Santo is in the least advanced "stage".


Visualization of city scenes is important for many applications including entertainment and urban mission planning. Models covering wide areas can be efficiently constructed from aerial images. However, only roof details are visible from aerial views; ground views are needed to provide details of the building facades for high quality 'fly‐through' visualization or simulation applications. We present an automatic method of integrating facade textures from ground view images into 3D building models for urban site modeling. We first segment the input image into building facade regions using a hybrid feature extraction method, which combines global feature extraction with Hough transform on an adaptively tessellated Gaussian Sphere and local region segmentation. We estimate the external camera parameters by using the corner points of the extracted facade regions to integrate the facade textures into the 3D building models. We validate our approach with a set of experiments on some urban sites.


There has been an immense increase in the use of Deep Neural Networks in recent times due to the availability of more data and greater computing power. With their recent success, it has been a trend to use them extensively in real-time applications. However, the size of deep models can render them incapable to be used in devices with memory-constraints. In this thesis, we explore the several neural network compression techniques for three separate tasks namely i) visual place recognition, ii) object recognition and iii) visual localization. We explore explicit compression methods for the visual place recognition task and the object recognition task, achieved by making modifications to the learned weight matrices. Furthermore, we look at compression attained through architectural modifications in the network itself, proposing novel training procedures and new loss functions for object recognition and visual localization. The task of visual place recognition requires us to correctly identify a place given its image, by finding out images of the same place in the world(dataset). Performing this on low memory devices such as mobile phones and robotics systems, is a challenging problem. The state of the art models for this task uses deep learning architectures having close to 100 million parameters which take over 400MB of memory. This makes these models infeasible to be deployed in low memory devices and gives rise to the need of compressing them. Hence, we study the effectiveness of explicit model compression techniques like trained quantization and pruning, on one of the most effective visual place recognition models. We show that a compressed network can be created by starting with a pre-trained model and then fine-tuning it via trained pruning and quantization. Through this training method, the compressed model is able to produce the same mAP as the original uncompressed network. We achieve almost 50% parameter reduction through pruning with no loss in mAP and 70% reduction with close to 2% mAP reduction, while also performing trained 8-bit quantization. Furthermore, together with 5-bit quantization, we perform about 50% parameter reduction by pruning and get only about 3% reduction in mAP. The resulting compressed networks have sizes of around 30 MB and 65 MB which makes them easily usable in memory constrained devices. We next move on to compression through low rank approximation for the task of image classification. Traditional compression algorithms in deep networks involves performing low-rank approximations on the learned weight matrices after the training procedure has been completed. We propose to perform low rank approximation during training itself and make the parameters of the approximated matrix learnable too by using a suitable loss function. We show that by using our method, we are able to compress a


In this paper, the authors examine the relationship between the sewability and the structural, physical, and FAST characteristics of wool and wool-blend woven fabrics. Forty wool and wool-blend woven fabrics were studied, and, in particular, the influence of the sewing-needle type and diameter was examined. Multiple-regression techniques were used to identify the relationships between these variables and sewability.


Extant finance research shows that personal and professional characteristics of CEOs influence decision-making, though banks are commonly excluded. We address this gap and investigate bank CEOs' decisions on the Transaction Account Guarantee (TAG) Program and the Debt Guarantee Program (DGP), two government stimulus programs from the Great Recession. Adding tension to current CEO literature, bank CEOs behave differently and thus, policymakers do not have to contest with CEO characteristics concerning participation in stimulus. Additionally, the relationships between banks and bank holding companies (BHCs) is remarkably underexplored. We contribute to this area with a novel finding that individual banks held by BHCs tend to make uniform decisions across the BHC.


The Newman superposition model has been applied to Mn 2+ in LuPO 4 and ScPO 4 and Fe 3+ in MPO 4 (M=Y, Lu, Sc). The calculated values of the spin-Hamiltonian parameters b 2 0 at room temperature fit the experimental one with two intrinsic parameters b 2


Alternative ways of introducing uncertainty to the term structure of interest rates are considered. They correspond to the different expectation hypotheses. The dynamics of the term structure is analysed in a convenient framework of stochastic equations in infinite dimensions.


The banana blossom of three varieties viz. , Nendran, Rasakadali and Palayankodan were selected for the study. Freshly harvested blossoms were collected, washed, bracts removed, a chopped finely and pre-treated using citric acid solution. Three products viz. , dried slices, flour and RTC product were developed using pre-treated banana blossom. The nutrients including energy, protein, sodium, potassium, calcium and iron were analysed and found that banana blossom has high nutritional significance.


ABSTRACT This study examines the predictive utility of the community-based Positive Achievement Change Tool–Prescreen (PACT-PS) for staff assault in a sample of 787 state-committed male youth. Bivariate and multivariate analyses indicated the PACT-PS failed to predict staff assault across racial/ethnic groups. Notably, this study also found youth with serious delinquent histories and prior commitments improved the PACT-PS's ability to predict staff assault. Limitations of this study, suggestions for future research, and practical implications are discussed.


In 2004, the Province of British Columbia (BC) announced a multi‐year $1.5 billion seismic retrofit program for the province's 750 at‐risk public schools. The purpose of this program was to quantify the seismic risk of the province's public‐school buildings and to expedite the seismic upgrading of the most at‐risk schools. In order to provide a safe and cost‐effective implementation of this program, the Engineers and Geoscientists BC, in collaboration with the University of British Columbia, has developed a performance‐based probabilistic method and guidelines for the seismic risk assessment and retrofit of low‐rise buildings. As part of this initiative, a number of laboratory experiments have been conducted to provide data that would support the recommendations provided in the guidelines. The laboratory experiments included several full‐scale shake table tests of wood frame systems. The specimens were subjected to sequences of earthquake motions to simulate their performance under main shock‐aftershocks. This paper presents details of seven of the experiment and wood‐frame buildings considered. A detailed discussion of the results of the analyses of the shake table tests data, and performance assessment using drift‐ and energy‐based damage indices is presented. This study highlights the importance of considering the effects of subduction earthquake and mainshock‐aftershock sequences for design and retrofit of wood frame structures.


Leopold Spinner composed his Sonata for Violin and Piano at the age of 30, in Vienna, in late 1936, while Studying with Webern. It was performed in Vienna on 22 November of that year under the auspices of the Austrian Section of the ISCM. In 1940—having in the meantime been forced to emigrate to this country—he made a slightly revised version of the work, which seems to have remained unheard until this year.


We study growth of degrees of lattice equations, some of which are known to be integrable. We present a conjecture that helps us to prove polynomial growth of a certain class of equations including QV . In addition, we also study growth of degree of several nonintegrable equations. Exponential growth of degrees of these equations is also proved subject to a conjecture. Our technique is to determine the ambient degree growth of the equations and a conjectured growth of their common factors at each vertex, allowing the true degree growth to be found.


Lately, the idea of 'non-toxic' (or 'clean') material cycles has become increasingly popular as a starting point for the consideration of circular economy strategies among leading regulating actors, such as the European Commission (2017). However, it should be apparent that, by default, circular economy aspirations awaken a potential policy conflict between increased circulation of resources and reduction of exposure to hazardous substances (human- and eco-toxic substances of concern). Here, we build upon the great tradition of Waste Management & Research editorials on the topic debated, and not least on the recent opinion piece by Stanisavljevic and Brunner (2019). We argue that non-toxic material cycles are indeed a desirable vision, but that they will not come naturally in a world of circulated material resources – at least not without major supply chain disruptions and persistent conscious efforts. Let us elaborate. (Less)


ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the incidence of painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and Burnout Syndrome (BS) in Dentistry students, based on the subjective perception of signs and symptoms, and to verify if there is a coexistence relation between these conditions. Methods: 57 students (8th period of the dentistry course, 23 years mean age), 39 women and 18 men, responded to the Maslach Burnout Inventory Questionnaire – Students Survey (MBI-SS), ProTMDMulti and were evaluated for the presence of TMD diagnosis (DC/TMD). Results: The incidence of TMD was 22% and BS was 8.7%. Among the students with BS, 80% had a TMD diagnosis, as well as a greater subjective perception of TMD signs and symptoms and a longer duration of pain. They also showed higher scores of signs/symptoms perception for situations involving orofacial function. Conclusion: There seems to be a clinical coexistence between the BS and painful TMD in the studied sample, Dentistry students with BS and high scores on the MBI-SS are more likely to have painful TMD.


Focal cortical dysplasia type IIb is characterized by epilepsy-associated malformations that are often composed of balloon cells and dysplastic neurons. There are many histopathologic similarities between focal cortical dysplasia type IIb and cortical tubers in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), an autosomal-dominant phakomatosis caused by mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes that encode hamartin and tuberin. We previously found that an allelic variant of TSC1 (hamartinH732Y) is increased in focal cortical dysplasia type IIb. Here, we investigated the subcellular localization of hamartinH732Y and its interaction with tuberin in vitro. Coimmunoprecipitation assays with tuberin revealed reduced tuberin binding of hamartinH732Y compared with wild-type hamartin. Tuberin binding was also reduced for 2 TSC1 stop mutants (hamartinR692X and hamartinR786X) that are present in brain lesions of TSC patients. Colocalization assays of hamartin and tuberin were performed in HEK293T cells, and the subcellular localization of the hamartin variants were studied using immunocytochemistry. There was an impairment of tuberin binding of hamartinH732Y and aberrant nuclear distribution of hamartinH732Y in these cells, whereas hamartinR692X and hamartinR786X were, like wild-type tuberin, localized in the cytoplasm. These data suggest a fundamental functional impairment of hamartinH732Y and the 2 TSC1 stop mutants hamartinR692X and hamartinR786X in vitro. Future studies will be needed to characterize the roles of these TSC1 sequence variants in the genesis of dysplastic epileptogenic developmental brain lesions.


Chapter 5 shifts from Fénelon's practical writings to his writings on metaphysics, theology, and spirituality. In surveying these writings, this and the following two chapters aim not to provide exhaustive treatments of these areas of his thought, but to demonstrate their significance for Fénelon's political philosophy. Chapter 5 begins this by presenting Fénelon's views on the political significance of religious faith. In so doing, it focuses on his realist claims regarding how religious faith and institutions can serve as checks on political power. Its first part examines his claims regarding the connection of irreligion and tyranny. It then examines his claims regarding how religion can mitigate propensities to tyranny. Its final section turns to Fénelon's nuanced position on the proper relationship of Church and State, which centers on the way in which religious institutions can provide useful checks on executive power.


The current world population together with the predictions of further growth suggest that it is necessary to increase crop yields worldwide. Legumes are the second most important food crop after cereals, and thanks to their ability to establish a symbiotic relationship with soil bacteria, the impact of the use of nitrogen fertilizers on the environment is reduced. This symbiosis gives rise to the process known as biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), which consists in the reduction of molecular nitrogen to ammonium, from which plants synthesize organic nitrogenous products essential for their nutrition. Unfortunately, BNF is a very sensitive process to biotic and abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, or nutrient limitation, among others. The general aim of this work was to gain further insights in the regulation of BNF and the physiological and biochemical mechanisms that plant activate in response to abiotic stresses. In order to counteract the negative effects of osmotic stresses, plant and bacteria are able to synthesise osmoprotectant compounds to maintain cell viability, e.g. the amino acid proline. A real-time monitoring of proline utilisation in both plant and bacterial systems is a first key step towards understanding the multiple roles of this molecule under osmotic stress situations. Our results in chapter one showed that, in bacteroids, proline accumulation does not occur during the stress phase, but during recovery, once optimal plant growth conditions are re-established. In chapter two, a proteomic and metabolic study was performed to gain further insights about amino acid metabolism in pea nodules. In the classical model of nutrient exchange between symbionts, plant supplies energy in the form of dicarboxylates to the N2-fixing bacteroids in exchange for ammonium. However, this classic model was challenged upon the observation that mutations in the general ABC amino-acid transporters AapJQMP and BraDEFGC in Rhizobium leguminosarum resulted in N starvation symptoms in both pea and bean plants. The uptake of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) from the plant by the bacteroid was found to be essential for an effective BNF at least in R. leguminosarum species. Another experimental approach to further understand the role of amino acid metabolism in nodules is the application of compounds that inhibit the biosynthesis of BCAAs in plant cells such as group B herbicides. These approaches allowed us to verify how the blockage of BCAA transport between symbionts had a greater effect on nodule metabolism than the inhibition of BCAA biosynthesis. In fact, BCAA biosynthesis was also inhibited due to the aap/bra double mutation. In chapter two, we also evaluate the effect of water deficit on nodule proteome, since among the strategies that plants use in response to abiotic stresses there are several related to amino acid metabolism. This study highlights the relevance of low abundant amino acids, such as methionine, aromatic amino acids or γ-aminobutyric acid, in the response to water deficit. Finally, until now no attempt has been made to carry out an integral approach in which possible changes caused by drought in carbon (C) allocation, and in addition, the effect on the consumption or accumulation of metabolites in all plant organs be analysed. For this purpose, in chapter three, the effect of drought on both the [U-13C]-sucrose distribution and ureides, organic acids and carbohydrates content were analysed. We found that drought decreased 13C transport to sink tissues and changed the priority of C allocation between sink organs.


Cross-national comparability of census data as uniformity was intensely debated from the First International Statistical Congress (ISC), held in Brussels at Quetelet's initiative in 1853, until an agreement was reached at the Eighth ISC, in St. Petersburg, in 1872. However, not much progress was made until the last half of the twentieth century, when the Statistical Commission of the United Nations issued the first set of principles and recommendations for the national population censuses in 1958. In this paper, the progress of statistical internationalism is investigated from Quetelet's vision of census data uniformity and the first international decision to conduct decennial censuses directed at the actual population to Kish's definition of cross- national sample survey comparability. The presentation is based on the detailed documentation of the Integrated Public Use Mictodata Series (IPUMS)-International. As this database is comprised of samples drawn from censuses, it relates to this first international decision on census data comparability.


The Portable Inference Engine (PIE) is the nucleus of an expert system that allows the segmentation of rules in order to utilize large knowledge bases in limited memory. If the expert-systems rules can be divided into segments of highly related rules with little interaction among those segments, such knowledge-base segments can then be paged in and out of memory on demand. PIE gathers information by querying the user and executing external procedures in order to conclude goals.


The paper presents the results of polyoxidonium immunomodulator nonassociative solutions study and their influence on a body of white rats in optimal concentrations in a comparison with allopathic dose.


According to the occurrence condition of one mine's primary face coal seam and using the methods of theoretical calculation and numerical analysis, this paper determined the reasonable parameters of the high-water material filling body and made an industrial test in the field haulage entry. The results showed that the parameters of the filling body were reasonable and the filling body can maintain the roof of the entry effectively and obtain good supporting results.


Visual Basic possesses the world's largest number of users; it is the event-driven programming language developed by Microsoft Company,including assist in the development environment; It has a good graphical user interface (GUI) and powerful control features,and can easily connect the database through DAO.RDO.ADO and so on. This paper mainly discusses VB's methods to explore access to the database,enables users to choose a better method to access the database for developers' convenience,and helps users to better understand the function of VB database programming. What's more,the software developed by them has more practical significance. Meanwhile it can adapt to the industry's future development.


Landslides or debris flows usually arise in mountainous areas and slide over a rough topography. As the flow body is typically a mixture of particles and interstitial fluid, this paper aims at developing a binary mixture model and its numerical implementation for shallow debris flows on rugged topography. The mathematical formulation of this saturated solid‐fluid mixture is developed with respect to a terrain‐fitted coordinate system. Employing the thin layer assumption, a system of depth‐integrated equations is derived, where the interstitial fluid is supposed to be a viscous Newtonian fluid and the granular material is treated as a frictional Coulomb‐like continuum. At the basal surface, the Coulomb sliding condition for the granular constituent and Navier slip for the fluid phase are applied. The interaction between granular material and interstitial fluid is depicted by the buoyancy and a drag force induced by the velocity difference of both the phases. Numerical investigations are performed for studying the features of the proposed model, where a shock‐capturing nonoscillatory scheme is employed. A thorough parameter study of flows over three idealized terrain geometries illustrates the distinct impacts of the applied material parameters on the flow dynamics and deposit shapes. The phase separation such as the solid‐phase‐dominated flow front and how this changes with parameter values are presented. The simulation of the Hsiaolin landslide successfully retraces the approximate flow path recognized in satellite images as well as the measured deposition given in Kuo et al. (2011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JF001921).


Energies and peak powers of ultrashort light pulses available directly from laser oscillators continue to grow, calling for compact and efficient pulse-compression solutions. In the megawatt range of peak powers, typical of a broad class of advanced laser systems, including fiber and thin-disk lasers, pulse compression becomes a challenging task, as this level of peak powers is too low for filamentation- or hollow-waveguide-assisted compression in the gas phase [1], but is too high for single-mode compression in conventional fibers. Large-mode area (LMA) photonic-crystal fibers (PCFs) [2] offer promising solutions to this problem, enabling compression of a megawatt short-pulse thin-disk [3, 4] and fiber-laser [5] output with no degradation of beam quality. For a large-core fiber, however, dispersion profile is typically dominated by material dispersion, with the range of fiber dispersion engineering being very limited.


The recent increase in optical transmission capacity requires the high throughput of optical switching systems, which can handle over Tb/s data streams.


[Opening Paragraph]

This essay joins two active interests of mine: Anglophone writing by writers of Chinese descent in the diaspora and avant-garde literary writing. In my forthcoming book, Thinking Its Presence: Form, Race and Subjectivity in Contemporary Asian American Poetry (Stanford UP, 2013), I argue against the prevailing critical practice in the States of reading minority literature, including Asian American literature, for content—ethnic, ethnographic, sociological, autobiographical, and so on—with virtually no attention paid to the form, especially the literary aspects, of this body of literature. Indeed, judging from the criticism, one could almost say that "minority" and "the literary" are mutually exclusive categories for most literary critics, even those of the highest caliber. This mode of apprehending Asian American literary writing as extended Chinatown tour or as the rendered truths of a native informant is particularly problematic when one is reading minority experimental writing—writing, for example, that has no visible markers of ethnicity or a stable autobiographical "I" or other recognizable signs of ethnic writing.


The theme of the paper is the reconstruction and social development of Herzegovina in the rst post-war years, when Yugoslavia introduced its key reforms aimed at the building of socialist system. The issues elaborated in the paper are based mainly on relevant archival material and on the historical sources that had not been used so far, in an attempt to shed some more light on social developments in Herzegovina in the period of the post-wear reconstruction. An analytic and synthetic method was employed in the elaboration of the theme, alongside the method of data comparison. In an attempt to use available historical material seeking for historic truth, the facts presented chronologically and thematically complement each another. Adnan Velagi , Obnova i društveni razvoj Hercegovine od 1945. do 1952. godine Prilozi, 36, Sarajevo, 2007, str. 97-118.


This paper illustrates the characters of environmental design of residential district from natural environment of community,creation of communicating space,allocation of environmental facilities,human landscape and residential district,and points out that,in landscape planning and design of modern residential district,the key points of public spatial environmental planning and design are strengthening human-oriented planning and design principle,satisfying human requirements and stressing harmonious unity between human and nature.


Purpose- In the study, the effects of sectors on the growth of OECD member countries were determined by using the Fuzzy Goal Programming method. These findings may help policymakers see sector impacts that help countries in their growth targets. The study aims to contribute to the literature in two ways. The first of these analyses are based on long-term economic growth and primary sector analysis. The second contribution is to propose an alternative empirical methodology with clustering analysis which is not used to obtain the basic assumption of homogeneity in the application of panel data analysis.
Methodology- The effects of sectors on the growth of OECD member countries were determined by using the Fuzzy Goal Programming method. In the second step, countries were divided into groups using K-means clustering analysis according to these impact values. With the help of these weights, the growth dynamics of similar countries and the contributions of sectors to this dynamic were obtained.
Findings- Countries analyzed in terms of the contribution of sectoral growth rates to the growth rate of the country were divided into groups by cluster analysis. It is determined that the countries grouped in terms of the contribution of sectors to growth are divided into 5 groups. The first group has 10 member countries. The second group has 12 countries and the third group it has 7 countries, the fourth group has 4 countries and only 1 country belongs to the fifth group. The countries in group 1 are Estonia, Turkey, Greece, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Lithuania, Latvia, Slovakia, and Slovenia. The countries in group 2 are Australia, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Hungary, Ireland, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and New Zealand. The countries in group 3 are Austria, Spain, Finland, France, the Republic of Korea, Luxembourg, Switzerland, the USA, Israel, Costa Rica, the United Kingdom, and Japan.
Conclusion- Countries that have similar sectoral structures can analyze growth with panel data analysis, but it is important to form homogeneous groups while doing this analysis. For this reason, another critical suggestion it is offered based on the study is the use of FGP methodology in the analysis method.

Keywords: Economic growth, sectoral growth, Fuzzy Goal Programming, Cluster Analysis, Panel VAR
JEL Codes: N10, C61, C38, C33


Kuo, Wei-Cheng Ph.D., Purdue University, May 2015. Local Network Coding on Packet Erasure Channels – From Shannon Capacity to Stability Region. Major Professor: ChihChun Wang. Network Coding (NC) has emerged as a ubiquitous technique of communication networks and has extensive applications in both practical implementations and theoretical developments. While the Avalanche P2P file system from Microsoft, the MORE routing protocol, and the COPE coding architecture from MIT have implemented the idea of NC and exhibited promising performance improvements, a significant part of the success of NC stems from the continuing theoretic development of NC capacity, e.g., the Shannon capacity results for the single-flow multi-cast network and the packet erasure broadcast channel with feedback. However, characterizing the capacity for the practical wireless multi-flow network setting remains a challenging topic in NC. For example, the difficulties of finding the optimal NC strategy over multiple flows under varying-channel qualities and the rate adaption scenarios hinder any further advancement in this area. Despite the difficulty of characterizing the full capacity for large networks, there are evidences showing that even when using only local operations, NC can still recover substantial NC gain. We believe that a deeper understanding of multi-flow local network coding will play a key role in designing the next-generation high-throughput coding-based wireless network architecture. This thesis consists of three parts. In the first part, we characterize the full Shannon capacity region of the "COPE" principle when applied to a 2-flow wireless butterfly network with broadcast packet erasure channels. The capacity results allow for random overhearing probabilities, arbitrary scheduling policies, network-wide channel state information (CSI) feedback after each transmission, and potential use of non-linear network codes. We propose a theoretical outer bound and a new class of linear network codes, named the


The by-products of Yolk antibody production of domestic enterprises not only did not be received and utilizated,but also caused serious environmental pollution.The by-products of the egg yolk and egg white are the clean and ideal protein.This paper presented two tests to conduct a comprehensive utilization investigation to egg yolk antibody-products.Test one:the egg yolk and egg white were hydrolysated by using papain,and the orthogonal experiment for the main factors affected enzyme was designed,then liquid was optimized among the factors such as expected ratio,hydrolysis time and volume of enzyme;under the best conditions of hydrolysis solutions,Enzyme solution was supplemented by a specific process to develop a high value-added amino acids Dannai oral liquid nutrition;Second Test:In accordance with a formula modulated into egg yolk solution,the spray drying process was studied through single-factor test design,processed into a high-protein nutrition powder with specific functions.After rigorous testing,the products kept the national standards in line with such food-related products.


Motivated by the shortcomings of the yield curve method used by the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange (KASE), we designed an algorithmic method of constructing a yield curve in a market with low and variable liquidity. We chose Nelson-Seigel as a curve and the ten most recent transactions in each subrange of maturity as the data. Both decisions stemmed from the constraints of an illiquid and inefficient market. The parsimony and rigidity of Nelson-Seigel proved useful when trades are few and prices are far apart. The choice of sampling is meant to produce enough sufficiently spaced observations, albeit at the expense of synchronicity. To provide the user better context for the curve and enable informed interpretation, we recommend supplementing the curves and their parameters with metrics of fit and age of the sample. Using the data from KASE, we computed the curve for each week starting from mid-2010 to end-2018 and made the results publicly available to provide access to interest rate data for analysts and to facilitate macroeconomic research.


Information about the creation of Templar convents and a province in Provence, north-eastern Spain and neighbouring territories before 1150 is limited. Some types of evidence, however, suggest the establishment of convents. These include references to the construction of buildings to house Templars; the introduction of the term magister to describe some local officials; lists of brothers resident in a particular place; the appearance of the offices of claviger ("keeper of the keys") and chaplain; and the close links formed between some laymen and Templar communities. It is clear that some convents were also setting up dependencies or granges by the middle of the 12th century. From very early on, there was a Templar official with authority on both sides of the Pyrenees, and he came to be given the title of magister, although the first reference to the province of "Provence and a certain part of Spain" does not occur until 1143. It is possible, though not certain, that provincial chapters began to be convened before 1150.


Port Scanning is one of the widely used attacks to collect information of devices connected to the Internet. The information may be very useful for system administrator to assure security, but can be a bridge for malicious users not only to find vulnerabilities of the devices, but also to consider subsequent attacks. There are several search engines, such as Shodan and Censys, to build and provide searchable databases of identified devices and networks. In this paper, we implement possible stealth port scan attack tools using ZMap used in Censys search engine, and test the vulnerability of devices in an area of our university using the implemented tools. It is shown that though stealth port scanning attacks except SYN scan have been generally known as they are ineffective, many vulnerable systems are still on services and able to be scanned by the attacks.


The structural framework of the Thun area is known from surface geology. New features found by hydrocarbon exploration are the flat triangle zone of the Subalpine Molasse below well Linden 1, the flower structure faults below the Aare valley and the Mesozoic anticlines of Linden 1 and Thun 1 underlain by Triassic salt pillows


This paper presents a comparison of metaheuristic techniques to locate and sizing distributed generation in distribution feeder. The objective function minimizes active power losses in a radial distribution system including distributed generation. Tabu Search, Scatter Search and Ant Colony were the techniques used to compare results in minimization losses and improvement of voltage profiles in critical nodes when distributed generation was included in distribution feeder. The analysis compares the performance of techniques in term of accuracy and execution times.


This paper addresses how the duty to prevent genocide, as a jus cogens norm, legally affects the voting behavior of the five permanent members of the Security Council (P5). In particular, this paper argues that the duty to prevent genocide requires the P5 to vote for - and not veto - draft Security Council resolutions aimed at preventing an imminent or ongoing genocide.


The binding of the herbicides to aqueous humic substances was investigated using the herbicide mecoprop and a reference humic substance 'Hohlohsee'. Initial results from 2D fluorescence spectrometry, infra-red spectroscopy and Curie-point pyrolysis gas chromatography/infra-red spectroscopy tentatively characterise the nature of the interaction.


A scientific and exact requirement analysis is the precondition or guarantee for the weapon equipment system to get a complete,unisonous and durable development.This article briefly introduce analysis process of the Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System,and does some referenced value in the military requirement analysis of the weapon equipment system.


The geographic and spatial distribution of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck and Schlegel 1846) larvae were determined in the rivers of northern Vietnam. Collections were made with a larval net and a small seine net along the Tien Yen and Kalong Rivers from 2010 to 2015. Thirty individuals were collected in the Tien Yen and 160 from the Kalong. This is the first record of larval and juvenile ayu from the Tien Yen, which constitutes the southernmost range of this species. Collected fish were primarily at the preflexion stage (4.0-59.1 mm body length, BL). Mean temperature, salinity, turbidity and dissolved oxygen where larvae and juveniles were collected ranged from ca. 15.7–20.0 °C, ca. 5.6–20.7 psu, 2.7–14.6 NTU, and 7.7–10.0 mg. L -1 , respectively. Larvae began to appear in November for the Kalong and in December for the Tien Yen, primarily occurring at stations far from the river mouth. Larvae <7.0 mm BL were more widely distributed across both estuaries, migrating to shoreline waters after reaching a size of ca. 15.0 mm BL in February. With relatively few larvae being observed in the southernmost region, the Tien Yen estuary may be a focus of conservation efforts of this annual amphidromous fish.


The article contains the analysis of the modern state of the legislative framework of Georgia and its implementation concerning organization of controlled wine names of origin production in existing traditional appellations and methodological approaches for allocation and legislative recognition of new microzones for this category wines production. There is also a discussion of the possibility of use of Georgian experience in the process of formation of controlled wine names of origin wines domestic category. Special attention is paid to the organization of organoleptic estimation of Georgian wines that was one of the most important trends in the general process of the modern stage of sector reforming. The work of the Central state taste panel, just as the unit of analysis of physical and chemical parameters of wine quality and authenticity, is built upon the modern procedural framework according to the current ISO standards related to selection, training and attestation of tasters and working environment with compulsory observation of complete anonymity of samples without their discussion according to the two-stage five-mark grading system.


This paper describes system architecture and operational mechanism of the lustre cluster file system and drbd.Lustre cluster file system was deployed on the DS800 of the dawn cluster TC5000.This system achieve shared access of each node of the cluster to the DS800 storage system and it is widely used in WRF,GRAPES,EPS,MM5 and other numerical prediction models.These show that the system has made a contribution for disaster prevention and mitigation meteorological service of meteorological systems.


Purpose – The study aims to investigate the effect of supply chain integration (SCI) in terms of supplier integration (SI), internal integration (II), and customer integration (CI) on sustainable development (SD) of Jordanian phosphate fertilizers manufacturing (JPFM) companies in terms of economic responsibility (ECR), social responsibility (SOR), and environmental responsibility (ENR). Design/methodology/approach – The study model and hypotheses were developed based on the literature review. The data were collected from 102 managers through a questionnaire. The normality, validity, and reliability of the questionnaire items were confirmed. Then, the descriptive statistical analysis, the correlation between variables, and the multiple linear regression were carried out. Findings – The results revealed that the overall SCI has a positive and significant effect on the overall SD. The results also provided evidence that SI, II, and CI have a positive and significant effect in enhancing SD. However, II is superior to external integration (SI and CI) in enhancing SD. Research limitations/implications – This study was directed toward JPFM companies in Jordan. However, generalizing the results to other industries and countries is suspicious. Practical implications – This study promotes the idea of implementing SCI in JPFM companies in order to enhance their SD. It also recommends these companies to rethink their efforts toward economic, social, and environmental responsibilities. Social implications: Considering sustainability development within all activities and practices is not important only for organizations' image and reputation but it is also important for economic prosperity and social welfare. Originality/value – This study is one of the first studies that create awareness about adopting SD by Jordanian companies, especially that SD still does not have the highest priority in Jordan. In addition, it is the first study in Jordan that is conducted in the phosphate fertilizer manufacturing sector.


As assembly of ITER begins, scientists and engineers are already looking ahead to the technologies that will take fusion a step closer to the grid


The preparation process of sorbic acid includes the following steps: circular tower type esterification of crotonic aldehyde to produce polyester; hydrolysis of polyester with mixed acid to produce coarse sorbic acid and refining of coarse sorbic acid. During the tower type esterification of crotonic alhyde, ketene and crotonic aldehyde are catalytically esterified to synthesize polyester and crotonic alhyde is made to circulate inside the tower and heat exchanged outside the tower, and these increases the contact time of reactants, raises the conversion rate of reactant, esppecially ketene, and raises the yield of polyester. The hydrolysis of polyester with mixed acid makes partial isomer convert into sorbic acid to raise the yield of main product.


The paper deals with the design of a discrete-time state space compensator to track a reference command. This approach called Command Generator Tracker (CGT) covers a broad class of reference signals that can be described by a linear differential equation with constant coefficients. The design technique is LQ-based and its principle consists in extending the plant model so that the resulting compensator includes modes of both the reference signal and the disturbance. In such a case, proper reference tracking is guaranteed. Standard LQ problem solution is then applied for the extended system yielding feedback and feed-forward gains of the CGT compensator simultaneously. Discrete-time CGT design for an industrial robot illustrates its implementation possibilities in motion control.


P atient satisfaction is of utmost importance to health systems, hospitals, medical groups, and physicians. It can make an impact on the success of an organization in many ways, including reimbursement, market share, and growth. Daniels, Yorlets, Flath-Sporn, Labow, Heald, and Taghinia emphasize the critical role that physician behavior during a physician–patient encounter plays in patient satisfaction. In their report, they found the physician–patient encounter to be more important in driving satisfaction than other statistically significant factors such as wait time and staff courtesy. This finding rings true to my experience: The physician–patient encounter can create the greatest value in healthcare service. But how can healthcare leaders, physicians, and other frontline care providers create consistently excellent physician–patient interactions? That is a crucial question. The positive interaction identified in the authors' qualitative analysis—focusing on courtesy, empathy, professionalism, approachability, etc.—results from a physician who is completely present for a patient encounter, intellectually and emotionally. When this occurs, a patient's issues are fully heard and explored, the nuances of the care plan are explained, and all questions are answered. The patient is satisfied. Reaching this critical space depends on leadership in two related areas: physician alignment and clinical process. Alignment is best achieved through meaningful involvement of physicians in the strategy, leadership, and management of the organization, including defined leadership roles for physicians (Lee & Cosgrove, 2014). Physicians, like other professionals, perform best when they have a role in creating their work environment and can help create a culture of excellence and clear mutual expectation. Given that physicians are central to the overall service provided, their direct involvement at a high level in the design of care is critical. Facilitating great physician encounters also requires good clinical processes, including adequate administrative and technological support, workflow design, and relentless care process improvements. These efforts must be clearly focused on improving the daily work of providers rather than on other areas such as increasing efficiency or improving satisfaction scores themselves (Bohmer, 2010). Providing physicians with timely, relevant, and transparent data to reinforce continual, patient-focused improvement is necessary too.


A mixture of mer- and fac-[RuCl3(en)NO], and mer-[RuX3(en)NO] (X = Br or I) were prepared from the corresponding [RuX5NO]2− (X = Cl, Br, or I) or hydrous RuX3·NO (X = Cl or Br) and en·2HX (en = ethylenediamine; X = Cl or Br). The crystal and molecular structures of mer-[RuX3(en)NO] (X = Cl, Br, or I) were determined by X-ray diffraction. The crystals were isomorphous; triclinic, with space group P1. The final R values were 0.0411 for [RuCl3(en)NO], 0.0271 for [RuBr3(en)NO], and 0.0535 for [RuI3(en)NO]. In these complexes, the three halogeno atoms were in the meridional arrangement and in a position cis to the NO. In all of the mer-complexes, the trans-strengthening effect which is expected to be caused by the NO was not observed for the Ru–N(en) bond. The synthesized complexes were also characterized by IR and NMR spectra.


The present invention discloses a method of monitoring defects in a target object a method and apparatus to solve the low efficiency and present in the prior art can not determine the location of the defect region problems. Method of an embodiment of the present invention comprises: acquiring an image of a target object to be detected; the target object to be detected coloring process; image including the target object to be detected belonging to each cluster center pixel cluster centers is determined in accordance with the setting; according to belong to the same region of a pixel belonging to the determined characteristic data region corresponding to the membership; membership in accordance with each region corresponding to the characteristic data and characteristic data corresponding to the threshold value, it is determined whether the defect region is a region to be detected under the target object. According to the region under the pixel set belonging to each cluster center embodiment of the present invention is composed of the feature data and the defect area threshold to determine the target object to be detected, not only the processing speed, and can be determined to be a defect detection target object location of the area.


This review presents the Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy (LIFS) of trapped gas-phase molecular ions. A brief description of the theory and experimental approaches involved in fluorescence spectroscopy, together with state-of-the-art LIFS experiments employing ion traps, is presented. Quadrupole ion traps are commonly used for spatial confinement of ions. One of the main challenges involved in such experiments is poor Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) arising due to weak gas-phase fluorescence emission, high background noise, and small solid angle for the fluorescence collection optics. The experimental approaches based on the integrated high-finesse optical cavities provide a better (typically an order of magnitude more) SNR in the detected fluorescence than the single-pass detection schemes. Another key to improving the SNR is to exploit the maximum solid angle of light collection by choosing high numerical aperture (NA) collection optics. The latter part of the review summarises the current state-of-the-art intrinsic fluorescence measurement techniques employed for gas-phase studies. Also, the scope of these recent advances in LIFS instrumentation for detailed spectral characterisation of a fluorophore of weak gas-phase fluorescence emission is discussed, considering fluorescein as one example. The CELIF apparatus combines well-known cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS). In a typical CRD experiment, light enters the cavity formed by two high reflectivity mirrors ( R ≈ 0 . 999 ) and gets reflected back and forth repeatedly. A small fraction of light leaks through the output mirror during each pass, which is measured with a PMT. The time required for the light intensity to decay to (1 /e ) th of its initial value in the absence and the presence of an absorbing sample are called empty cavity ring-down time ( τ 0 ) and ring-down time ( τ ) , respectively, which are used to retrieve the absorption coefficient of the sample. The high finesse cavity used for the CELIF measurements has τ 0 ≈ 1.2 to 2 µ s and F ≈ 3200 . The fluorescence resulting from the interaction of the laser pulse and the sample is measured by the LIF setup installed orthogonally to the incident beam direction. The CELIF technique involves recording the transients from both LIF and CRD simultaneously on a single pulse shot with identical PMTs and normalising the LIF transient with the CRD transient. This normalised signal ( S CELIF ) is independent of the intensity fluctuations of the laser. Here the optical cavity acts as a filter to suppress the background noise by 100. The S CELIF signal measurement process is a background-free or an absolute LIF measurement technique. The measurement process consists of measuring the time-integrated fluorescence transient ( S LIF ) and time-integrated ring-down transient ( S CRD ), which are given by the following equations.


Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the commonest congenital cardiac abnormality affecting up to 2% of the general population. BAV is highly diverse in phenotype however a common feature is its inherent risk of morbidity and mortality from aortic root dilatation and dissection. Aortic dilatation involves elastin degradation and desmosine is an amino acid cross-link that is released into the bloodstream and urine following elastin degradation. It is known from an earlier pilot study (DESMA) of desmosine in Marfan Syndrome (MFS) patients that plasma desmosine among patients with MFS is significantly elevated and correlates with aortic size however whether this same observation is seen in other forms of inherited aortopathies such as BAV is unclear.

 1. To investigate whether patients with BAV have higher elastin degradation as indicated by plasma desmosine and urinary desmosine levels.
 2. To explore the relationship between plasma and urinary desmosine levels with aortic root size in patients with BAV.

 We measured urinary (ng/mg creatinine) and plasma desmosine (ng/mL) in 20 patients with BAV and healthy control subjects using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Aortic root size and corresponding Z-scores were measured on echocardiogram. Correlation was analysed with Spearman's rank test.

 The patients with BAV were predominantly male (n=15, 75%) with a mean age of 50.5 years ± 17.6 [SD]. All the BAV patients had normal LV systolic function and none had prior aortic root surgery or were current smokers. Nine BAV patients had treated hypertension. Compared to controls, both plasma desmosine (0.30±0.10 vs 0.26±0.075 ng/mL, p=0.01) and urinary desmosine (15.9±4.6 vs 7.2±2.8 ng/mg creatinine, p<0.001) were significantly elevated in patients with BAV. Urinary and plasma desmosine (Figure 1) were also significantly correlated (r=0.55, p=0.01). There was a significant association between urinary desmosine and maximal aortic root size and Z-scores in the BAV cohort (Figure 2) compared to controls (p=0.02), however this was not seen with plasma desmosine.

 Urinary and plasma desmosine levels are significantly higher in patients with BAV compared to controls. Urinary desmosine is also significantly associated with maximal aortic root size, reflecting higher elastin degradation. This suggests a potential use of desmosine as a biomarker to monitor disease progression in patients with BAV.

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In English teaching,there is a common phenomenon:at the beginning of English learning,students are enthusiastic and full of interest; then polarization appears after a period of study.Some of the students become discouraged and lose confidence in learning English,and gradually become the so-called poor learners.Therefore,teachers should make careful analysis,find out the causes and regulate countermeasures to improve teaching methods,so that every student can get a comprehensive and healthy development.


Yesterday, Lydia and I went to coffee so Isaac and Cyndi could take a nap.  Here's a picture I took while we were there. #lydiamakes0011


A new class of Expectation and Maximization algorithm is presented and applied to probabilistic learning. This algorithm can be derived from the non-negativity of the α-divergence and Bayesian computation. The design parame 七 erαspecifiesa prior probability weight for the learning. Accordingly , this algorithm is called the α-Weighted EM algorithm (WEM , α-EM). The traditional EM algorithm (l og-EM) corresponds to special case of α - 1. Besides the WEM , a practically more useful version , the W-GEM (Weighted GEM) , which gradually updates parameters is presented. Then , this algorithm is applied to learning in mixture-of-probability neural ne 七 works.In the discussion of update equations , extensions of basic statistical theories such as Fisher's efficient score , his information matrix and Cramer-Rao's inequality are given. Therein , a concept of an aptitude number is defined in terms of the number α. N umerical experiments on such networks show that the WEM (G-WEM) outperforms the log-EM on the learning speed for appropria 七 e aptitude numbers. This paper unveils another new method. It is found 七 hateach WEM structure can be used as a building block to generate a learning systolic array. Thus ,も becomes possible 七 ocreate functionally distributed systems by appending such blocks as monitors.


iv computing individual routes in a multi-level building, whereby the developed application is ubiquitously accessible in common browsers via a web-based 3D application. The second applications discussed the utilization of crowdsourced indoor geodata for complex multiagent indoor evacuation simulations. For static aspects of the building and the geometry, IndoorOSM is perfectly suitable, whereas in contrast fast-changing dynamic aspects, such as building population or moving objects, cannot be simulated when purely using crowdsourced indoor geodata. This thesis concludes that extending OSM with IndoorOSM allows moving significantly forward to the major goal of "Using VGI for an automated provision of Indoor LBS". Without expensive data acquisition or license costs, both standard-based 3D city models and indoor LBS can be generated fully automatically.


ABSTRACTTraveltime parameters define the coefficients of the Taylor series for traveltime or traveltime squared as a function of offset. These parameters provide an efficient tool for analyzing the effect of the medium parameters for short- and long-offset reflection moveouts. We derive the exact equations for one-way and two-way traveltime parameters in a homogeneous transversely isotropic medium with the tilted symmetry axis (TTI). It is shown that most of the one-way traveltime parameters in TTI differ from the two-way traveltime parameters, and we observe strong dependence of all traveltime parameters on tilt. The equations for traveltime parameters are extended to a vertically heterogeneous TTI medium, and weak-anisotropy and weak-anellipticity approximations are considered. We also apply the exact and approximate equations to invert the traveltime parameters into the model parameters for different acquisition setups. Using the traveltime parameters in a weak-anisotropy approximation, our tests show ...


Taxpayers are obliged to comply with formal duties that the law provided, however they also have rights that protect them. Some of this rights that taxpayers have are the Right to Privacy and the Right to Information. These two
rights are the fundamental support for the analysis of this research. The Right to Privacy is based practically in maintaining confidentiality data that have been given to databases and limit its uses, against this we have the Right to Information that its purpose is access to databases, and no one can deny the access to it. Both rights are different but also have a close relationship that could not exist without each other In this investigation will be analyzed the concept of these two rights and the uses and applications which they have in the Tax Law. This study will find the way that Administration acquires data and find the uses that given to it. Finally, there will be an analysis on possible violations of the Right to Privacy of the acts given by the Tax Administration and study possible processes to be followed to remedy the violation.


CoO is an antiferromagnetic insulator with a Néel temperature TN ~ 289K. 1 Above TN, CoO has rock salt cubic structure, space group Fm3m, with lattice constant a= 4.258Å. Below TN, it becomes tetragonal due to a Jahn-Teller distortion. The magnetic wave vector is along the [111] direction with a complicated non-collinear pattern. Ignoring the non-collinear part, we accommodated the AFM ordering using a (2×2×2) super cell of the high T structure, together with a 8×8×8 mesh of k-points to sample the Brillouin zone. The resulting spin density is shown in Fig. S1.


Shale oil is an unconventional kind of oil and gas resource with great potential. China has huge reserves of shale oil, and shale oil resources are abundant in the third submember of the Triassic Chang 7 member in the southern Ordos Basin. At present, this area is in the initial stage of shale oil exploration and development. The reservoir pore is one of the key factors affecting oil accumulation, drilling safety, and oil production. It is also an important reservoir parameter that must be defined in the exploration stage. In general, the clay content in the shale section is high, and is prone to hydration. In order to study the effect of fluid on the pore type, structure, and distribution of shale oil reservoirs, experiments using X-ray diffraction, a porosity–permeability test, mercury porosimetry, rock casting thin section, and scanning electron microscopy were carried out. The experimental results show that the content of clay and quartz is very high in the studied formation. The pore porosity and permeability of the rock is highly heterogeneous because of the obvious stratigraphic bedding and interbeds. Microstructural observation of rocks shows that the main pore types are intergranular pores, intragranular pores, intercrystalline pores, and organic pores. Crack types are dissolution cracks, contraction cracks of organic matter, and abnormal pressure structural cracks. After hydration, the porosity of rock will increase in varying degrees, and pore size, pore content in different sizes, and pore structure will also change. The results show that the pores of tuff mainly changes at the initial stage of hydration, and the pore change of tuff is the most obvious within 6 hours of soaking in clear water. The influence of hydration on the pore of shale is greater than that of tuff, but the main change stage is later than tuff, and the pore change of shale is the most obvious within 12 to 24 hours of soaking in clear water. The soaking experiment of water-based drilling fluid (WBM-SL) shows that it can plug a certain size of holes and cracks and form a protective layer on the rock surface, thus effectively reducing hydration. In actual construction, multisized solid particles should be allocated in drilling fluid according to the formation pore's characteristics, and the stability of the protective layer should be guaranteed. This can reduce the accident of well leakage and collapse and is conducive to the efficient and safe development of shale oil.


The contribution treats properties of a new evolutionary algorithm - Differential Migration, and provides a comparison with other algorithms of this type. Differential Migration is tested with a standard artificial neural network benchmark and standard test functions for performance comparison. Sensitivity analysis is conducted in order to specify the optimal parameters and their influence to the algorithm performance. SOMA (Self-Organizing Migration Algorithm) and Differential Evolution are used as a reference, and the results are compared with Differential Migration.


To the Editor: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has quickly raised a major concern for the safety of patients with cancer because of their immunosuppression. Liang and colleagues noted that individuals with cancer are at higher risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 illness than those without cancer.1 While recognizing that children seem to have a lower incidence of disease from SARS-CoV-2,2-4 those with cancer carry a higher risk of morbidity and mortality from viral respiratory infections than their healthy peers.5 Early contingency planning to contain this risk has been empirically implemented accordingly, but the issue of the distraction effect raised by Cortiula and colleagues deserves more attention.6 Since many hospitals across the Lombardy region (in northern Italy, which has been the worst-hit area in Europe) were at the forefront in assisting patients with SARS-CoV-2, comprehensive oncology centers like ours have been appointed as reference hubs for continuing to deliver care to cancer patients. ThePediatricUnit at Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (Milan) is one of the largest departments for children and adolescents with solid tumors in Europe, with >200 new cases yearly. We have consequently had the opportunity to manage a significant number of children and adolescents with solid tumors during this emergency. At the time of writing (Table 1), only one of our patients under 21 years old had their treatment plan modified because of SARS-CoV2 since the beginning of the outbreak in Italy. Chemotherapy for a 13-year-old female with Ewing sarcoma was prudentially suspended early because her father had been diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Otherwise, no changes were made to either the timing or the dose intensity of treatments and, in this same period, we have administered a total of 145 courses of chemotherapy, and two courses of highdose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic rescue. Patients with febrile neutropenia continued to be managed according to existing institutional guidelines, performing lung imaging only in the event of respiratory symptoms. It is worth noting that, following the Lombardy Health Authorities' guidelines, asymptomatic patients and health professionals were not routinely tested for SARS-CoV-2 at our hospital. To date, we have had no clinically evident SARS-CoV-2 infections among our children with cancer.While recognizing the low rate of viral testing as a possible bias, it is also true that—given the acknowledged low test rates—we might have expected a wider spread of the virus from asymptomatic caregivers to patients.7 A substantial proportion of children with cancer are potentially curable. In this SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, a major risk for children and adolescents with cancer lies in the associated strain on the medical services. We wish to highlight the importance of a shared vision for providing cancer care to patients in the face of the uncertainty and rapid change prompted by these exceptional circumstances. Any emerging information is crucial to help us characterize the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 in specific patient settings,8 orient the implementation of contingency plans, and avoid measures that may be unduly restrictive of normal healthcare activities.


Seasonality is an essential factor influencing tourism demand and traveler behavior at the destination. As such, seasonality (i.e., the influx of tourists) needs to be managed by destination marketing organizations. Most tourism studies have focused mainly on the forecasting methods/metrics and the effect of seasonality at the aggregate level rather than understanding seasonal differences in the nature of the traveler and travel experience. The purpose of this study is to understand seasonality at both the aggregate market level and individual traveler level. As such, this study first utilizes the concept of the gravity model to understand seasonality in the number of inquiries through an official website. This study, then, uses seemingly unrelated regressions to estimate simultaneously the effect of various trip-related factors on overall trip expenditures and the length of the trip. The results show that the impact of seasonality on aggregated demand is surprisingly consistent across the seasons; however, individual-level analyses indicate that traveler behavior and travelers' responses to advertising differ significantly across seasons. Thus, destination marketers need to understand the nature of seasonality of their specific markets more accurately to provide appropriate tourism products/services to their current and potential travelers.


Introduction: Despite their ascribed intellectual ability and achieved academic pursuits, medical students' academic achievement is influenced by academic motivation. This study is an endeavor to examine the role of academic motivation in the academic achievement of medical students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this cross-sectional correlational study, out of the total 422 medical students, from 4th to final year during the academic year 2007-08, at school of medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 344 participated in completion of the Inventory of School Motivation(ISM), comprising of 43 items and measuring 8 aspects of motivation. The gold standard for academic achievement was their average academic marks at pre-clinical and clinical levels. Data were computer analyzed, using SPSS 15.1 and running a couple of descriptive and analytical tests including Pearson Correlation and t-student. Results: Higher motivation scores in areas of competition, effort, social concern, and task was accompanied by higher average marks at pre-clinical as well as clinical levels. However, the later ones showed greater motivation for social power as compared to the former group. Task and Competition motivation for boys was higher than girls. Conclusion: In view of our observations, students' academic achievement requires coordination and interaction between different aspects of motivation.


Objective:To investigate the apoptotic effect of H2O2 in rat pheochromocytoma(PC12) cell line.Methods The cell viability was analyzed by MTT;the morphological changes were observed by Hoechst 33 258 staining analysis;the ultrathin sections of cells were observed by transmission electron microscopic(TEM);the apoptosis rate,the protein of Bcl-2 and Bax were measured by the flow cytometry analysis(FCM and Western blotting);the Caspase-3 activation was measuredusing Microplate Fluorometer.Results:H2O2(0.25 mM) could result in the decrease of cell viability,the increase of Bax and the dropping of Bcl-2 protein expression of PC12 cell.It increased the activity of Caspase-3 and the apoptotic rate of cells.Conclusions:The apoptosis in H2O2-induced PC12 cells was accompanied by down-regulation of Bcl-2,up-regulation of Bax and sequential activation of Caspase-3.


FRAXE (FMR2) is a fragile site associated with mental impairment located in Xq28, 600 kb distal to FRAXA (FMR1), the fragile X syndrome fragile site. The FRAXE mutation is an expansion of a CCG repeat that results in methylation of a nearby CpG island. FRAXE alleles could be divided into four categories: normal (6–30 CCG repeats), intermediate (31–60 CCG repeats), premutation (61–200 CCG repeats), and full mutation (over 200 repeats). We have developed a non‐isotopic polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based assay for the identification of FRAXE full mutation alleles among mentally impaired men. In this novel PCR test for the FRAXE locus, we used three primers to permit an amplification of a 223 bp monomorphic internal control fragment in addition to the amplification of a 419 bp (CCG)16 FRAXE locus band. A linear series of 93 male patients referred for FRAXE testing but found to be negative for the (CCG)n expansion in the FMR2 gene by Southern blotting analysis were retested by our PCR technique. In addition, we analyzed two positive controls consisting of a FRAXE fully mutated male and one male with a Xq terminal deletion. The developed PCR test showed accuracy of 100% in the normal individuals retested by PCR analysis, as well as in the two positive control samples utilized, in which the strategy of multiplex amplification worked as expected. Although not suitable for medical diagnosis of females and mosaics, it constitutes an important strategy for PCR typing and for FRAXE population screening. Hum Mutat 18:157–162, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Background: Understanding the underlying mechanism of resistance to a such important class of antimicrobials as the beta-lactamic drugs is very important either for clinical, public health or infection control purposes. FASTinov developed a disruptive MAR kit that enables the fast determination of the antimicrobial phenotype and aditionally provides the underlying mechanism of resistance, based on EUCAST protocol. In this study the performance of the FASTinov MAR kit was assessed directly on blood cultures.


As one of the agronomy masterpieces from the end of the Ming dynasty to the beginning of the Qing dynasty,"Supplement to the Book on Agriculture" showed that there were concrete and profound relationships between agriculture and natural environment.When the peasants dealt with agricultural activities,they had to suit to and make use of the natural time,and had to depend on a certain geographical environment in order to form an effective circulation of material energy with the nature.They built and dredged canals,set up embankments to construct irrigation works,or carried out the tactics of changing the paddy field into dry land.Thus they improved and utilized the natural environment to create conditions for agriculture.But sometimes,the peasants inevitably met with natural disasters and had to bear agricultural loss.The peasants' essential power came from the nature's favor,and also,it was limited by the natural environment.


Bibliometrics is successful in measuring impact because the target is clearly defined: the publishing scientist who is still active and working. Thus, citations are a target-oriented metric which measures impact on science. In contrast, societal impact measurements based on altmetrics are as a rule intended to measure impact in a broad sense on all areas of society (e.g. science, culture, politics, and economics). This tendency is especially reflected in the efforts to design composite indicators (e.g. the Altmetric Attention Score). We deem appropriate that not only the impact measurement using citations is target-oriented (citations measure the impact of papers on scientists) but also the measurement of impact using altmetrics. Impact measurements only make sense, if the target group—the recipient of academic papers—is clearly defined. Thus, we extend in this study the field-normalized reader impact indicator proposed by us in an earlier study, which is based on Mendeley data (the mean normalized reader score, MNRS), to a target-oriented field-normalized impact indicator (e.g. MNRSED measures reader impact on the sector of educational donation, i.e. teaching). This indicator can show—as demonstrated in empirical examples—the ability of journals, countries, and academic institutions to publish papers which are below or above the average impact of papers on a specific sector in society (e.g. the educational or teaching sector). Thus, the method allows to measure the impact of scientific papers on certain groups—controlling for the field in which the papers have been published and their publication year.


gives the simple figure leaning against a rock a serene and charming quality which grows more appealing the longer one looks at it. Naturalness, simplicity of effect, avoidance of ornamental conventions, are characteristic of Despiau's work. Yet it is significant that although this figure is small, it seems large, for his style is a combination fsensitiveness to nature and a classic dignity and calm. E. P. Richardson.


Hazardous liquids and sludges can be stabilized/solidified by combining the waste with Portland cement to form a cement paste which resists chemical attack. A variety of tests are available to evaluate the leaching potential of these wastes. This paper presents results concerning the effect of particle size on the leaching pattern of metals from stabilized/solidified hazardous waste. The results indicate that, depending on the test used, particle size can have a significant effect on the amount of metal leached.


Unlike the case of many low-income countries, farm-level survey data show no major differences across farm sizes with regard to decision-making and economic efficiency. This similarity is attributed to the operation of efficient and competitive markets which households used effectively to offset imbalances in resource endowment. If this holds true from the 1880s to the 1930s, perhaps the benefits of commercialization were more evenly distributed than previously believed.


Dystopian literature has its origins in Utopias, but instead of representing somewhere paradisiacal, a pure and perfect society, dystopia refers to a "negative utopia" as reality develops in antithetical terms to those of an ideal society. Dystopian literature portrays a nightmarish vision of a futuristic world, commonly dominated by technology and a totalitarian ruling government which uses any possible means to exert an iron-handed control over its citizens. Both Aldous Huxley's Brave New World (1932) and George Orwell's 1984 (1949) are not only considered classics, but also archetypical of this genre and so viewed as two of the most important dystopian novels ever written. This thesis will analyse how both novels depict their dark futuristic vision. The study focuses on each author's representation of the totalitarian state and the different methods of power, submission and control used by the government over population.


Differential protection of transformers traditionally uses second and/or fifth harmonics to block its operation during inrush conditions. The second and/or fifth harmonics produced during fault condition, when a protection system is required to operate, have in some cases blocked or delayed operation of transformer differential protection. The problem is to distinguish fault and inrush situations and allow the protection system to operate when there is fault, and to block it during inrush conditions. In order to achieve this, we propose to measure the rate of change of the third harmonic as an additional indicator of the fault condition. If the rate of change of the third harmonic exceeds some predefined threshold and the second and/or fifth harmonic are detected, the protection system will be allowed to operate, otherwise it is blocked.


ABSTRACT In recent decades, governments across Western democracies have endeavoured to inject neoliberal, market-inspired ideology into public education policy; reorganise teachers' work and conditions and undermine the collective strength of the organisations representing teachers' interests. Within this context, teachers' salaries have been subject to particular scrutiny by governments. In the Australian state of New South Wales, successive governments have utilised adversarial tactics during salary negotiations, placed legislative restrictions on wages growth and imposed limitations on union activities which have been aimed at improving teachers' salaries. This paper examines the response of the NSW Teachers' Federation to neoliberal imperatives on teacher salaries since the 1980s. To investigate this issue, this study incorporates extensive documentary analysis and in-depth interviews with NSWTF officials and members as well as senior government leaders and departmental officials. Through analysing key salaries disputes from the 1980s to the present, this paper problematises the effectiveness of industrial approaches to unionism, explores renewed strategies to achieve salary increases for teachers and contributes broadly to union renewal debates on how teacher unions can act strategically to protect and advance conditions using professional agendas.


This paper is concerned with a reverse obnoxious (undesirable) center location problem on networks in which the aim is to modify the edge lengths within an associated budget such that a predetermined facility location on the underlying network becomes as far as possible from the existing customer points under the new edge lengths. Exact combinatorial algorithms with linear time complexities are developed for the problem under the weighted rectilinear norm and the weighted Hamming distance. Furthermore, it is shown that the problem with integer decision variables can also be solved in linear time.


Summary The data obtained in this series of studies show that the minimum carotene requirement of growing calves is eleven micrograms per day per pound body weight. This level of carotene intake was sufficient to maintain growth and to prevent the usual vitamin A deficiency symptoms. The adequacy of this amount of carotene, however, depends upon the source of supply of carotene. While it appears desirable that the intake should be considerably above this amount it was surprising to find that increases above that level did not result in marked improvement in growth rate. The order of availability of carotene to calves from the various sources studied is as follows: 1. Carotene concentrate, 2. Alfalfa hay, 3. Corn silage, 4. Corn meal, 5. Timothy hay, and 6. Alfalfa molasses silage.


A procedure is presented to systematically construct simple models for the linear stability of moist convecting atmospheres. First, linear response functions of a cumulus ensemble constructed from cloud-system-resolving models are coupled with matrices expressing two-dimensional large-scale linear wave dynamics. For a radiative–convective equilibrium reference state, this model gives two branches of unstable modes: a propagating convectively coupled wave branch and a stationary branch related to storage of column-integrated moist static energy (MSE). The stationary branch is unstable only when radiative feedback is included, while the convectively coupled wave branch is less affected by radiative feedback. With a modular order-reduction procedure from control theory, the linear-response-function-based model is reduced to a system of six ordinary differential equations while still capturing the essential features of the unstable modes (eigenvalues and structures). The six-dimensional system is then split into a slow and a fast manifold. The slow manifold (again, reflecting column MSE storage) is essential for the stationary mode but not for the convectively coupled waves. The fast manifold is then transformed into a form similar to that of prior simple models of convectively coupled waves, thus placing those models and the insights derived from them on a firmer footing. The procedure also better quantifies the parameters of such simple models and allows the stability difference between different reference states to be better understood.


A developmental model of the origins of maternal self‐efficacy and its impact on maternal sensitivity was tested. Participants were 92 primiparous mothers and their 6‐month‐old infants. Mothers completed questionnaires about remembered care from their own parents and self‐ esteem prenatally, satisfaction with support, infant temperament, and maternal self‐efficacy postnatally, and they participated in a laboratory observation with their infants. Maternal self‐ efficacy was predicted by remembered maternal care as mediated by global self‐esteem. Infant soothability predicted maternal self‐efficacy independently and in conjunction with distress to novelty and in conjunction with both distress to limits and satisfaction with support. Maternal self‐efficacy interacted with distress to limits to predict maternal sensitivity during emotionally arousing activities. High infant distress was associated with less sensitive maternal behavior when maternal self‐efficacy was moderately low and extremely high, but was positively associated with sensitive maternal behavior when self‐efficacy was moderately high. Implications for future research are discussed.


This study explores how second and third generation Muslims in Britain resist calls to become "normal" good Muslims and are less willing to respond to accusations of "clashing civilizations," and instead seek to unapologetically assert their particularized racial and religious difference through cultural expressions of dissatisfaction. I analyze forms of British Muslim cultural production, including visual art, fashion, music, and poetry including a focus on forms particularly expressed on digital platforms. Social media, for example, offers a new discursive landscape where British Muslims are actively using aesthetic driven communities to produce self-expressed visual content. I look at how these forms of sub-cultural expression function as sites of contestation, where Muslim minorities reframe their experiences, challenge dominant messages about their group identity, problematize the essentialism of Muslims, and construct a counter-public—a distinct British Muslim public discourse and cultural narrative specific to Muslims in Britain.


In this paper, the domestic gas discrimination system is proposed for practical use. The system is constructed by using a digital signal processor, and is able to use as an real-time, stand-alone system. The commercial base semiconductor gas sensor TGS823 is used and 3 gases i.e. inflammable gas, alcohol and cigarette smoke, are chosen as the subjects of the discrimination. The results of discrimination experiments are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.


Photodissociation of CH4 has been studied using the high-resolution Rydberg tagging time-of-flight technique. The TOF spectra show an important single C-H bond fission channel with partially resolved sharp features. Careful simulations indicate that these sharp peaks are due to highly rotationally excited CH3 products, which are likely produced through a conical intersection dissociation pathway between the excited and ground potential energy surfaces. The energy-dependent anisotropy parameter of the CH3 product has also been determined at various photolysis wavelengths. The results of this work show that the conical intersection between the S-1 and S-0 surfaces plays an essential role in the photochemistry of CH4.


In this paper we propose a sparse antenna array with nine elements for the integrated system of communication and direction flnding. The main idea is that the sparse antenna array, whose element spacing is relatively larger than half wavelength, are divided into six two-element subarrays to transmit multi-beam. According to the spatial correlation characteristics of multi-beam, a packet exciting method employing multi-carrier Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal is designed to modulate the directional information into the signal space of subcarriers. In this way, a receiver with a single antenna can accomplish communication and direction-flnding function by demodulation received signal. For the direction flnding algorithm of the sparse antenna array, an approximate algorithm is designed to resolve the ambiguity problem based on the Chinese remainder theorem. Simulation results show that the proposed sparse antenna array can be applied to the integrated application of communication and direction flnding.


This paper determined the effects of phenolatus Compositae at different concentration on fingerling grass Carp. and the bacteriostasis of phenolatus compositae in Pseudornonas fluorescens and Aeromonas punctata f.intestinalis by K B.The results are shown as :The LC 50 of phenolatus compositae are 19 36×10 -6 ,18 37×10 -6 ,17 52×10 -6 ,15 85×10 -6 μL/L at 24 h,48 h,72 h,96 h respectively,Safety concentration is 4 96×10 -6 μL/L.The phenolatus compositae is effective in presenting the growth of Aeromonas punctata f.intestinalis.


Single crystal, needle shaped samples of diamagnetically diluted cobalt ludwigite CoMgGaO2BO3 have been grown by the flux method. X-ray diffraction and both dc and ac magnetic measurements are described. The unit cell volume changes significantly with dilution, from 328.31 A3 for the parent compound Co3O2BO3 to 345.46 A3 for CoMgGaO2BO3. The magnetic transition temperature is considerably lower for the latter compound (25 K against 43 K for Co2O2BO3). The dc magnetization temperature dependences are split between the field cooled and zero-field cooled regimes and the ac magnetic susceptibility temperature curves are frequency dependent, which indicates possible spin-glass freezing in the magnetic system.


The disclosed invention relates to the removal of photoresist in semiconductor manufacturing method to be performed the ashing (ashing) the step of to generate a mixed gas, which contains hydrogen gas (H Semiconductor, ashing process, hydrogen, wafer, silicon layer, silicon loss, popping phenomenon, the oxide film growth inhibition, ammonia, mixed gas containing hydrogen gas


Since 2010, for people who migrated from the war in Syria, while Turkey was becoming a major immigration center, it experienced chaos and this is resulted with the refugee crisis and hate speech in both Turkey and European countries. The content and the language in new media cause and grow hate speech against refugees. Undoubtedly, the power of the media when shaping the individuals' perceptions and attitudes cannot be denied. The content produced in the new media, the language used causes hate speech. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the content and discourse left for Syrian refugees on social media platforms. Critical discourse analysis was conducted on the hate content about Syrian refugees on Twitter. Twitter posts containing hate speech about Syrian refugees were classified on the basis of discriminatory discursive strategies. 4217 tweets posted under the hashtags #suriyeli", "#mülteci", "Suriyelimulteci", "Suriyelimulteciistemiyoruz" and "suriyelilerdefolsun" were analyzed and aimed to discover under which categories hate discourses were generated. This study found that negative discourses have a marginalizing and provocative background. Also it points out that Twitter users' contents have become insulting. Study founds that the hate speech towards the refugees are collected within the framework of public criticisms.


Informational city based on electric technology,information technology and eco-technology is the ficture direction of city developmente.Defining the conception of informational city,this paper expounded the aesthetic intension of informational city,the variance of city aesthetic mode and the extension of the space conceptions.At last,it comes to the conclusion that the aesthetics of informational city are related to its taste mode,at the same time,interactive,instantaneous and experienced aesthetic can activities can promote the information space into the direction of freedom,compatibility and networking.


We call insomnia when the quality and quantity of sleep can not meet the needs of daily life. At present, western medicine is mostly used in the clinical treatment of insomnia, but western medicine is dependent, and withdrawal reaction is more likely to occur after withdrawal. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history in treating insomnia. Traditional Chinese medicine has significant advantages in treating insomnia and its complications, less side effects and systemic conditioning, so as to prevent disease. Huanglian Wendan Decoction is a classic prescription for the treatment of insomnia. This paper discusses its research progress from the aspects of principles, methods, prescriptions, clinical research and treatment experience of Huanglian Wendan Decoction in the treatment of insomnia, so as to pave the way for the clinical treatment of insomnia.