Tunnel field effect transistors (TFETs) have proved their potential for many possible electronic circuit applications. However, with the variety of TFET structures being worked upon it has been an unresolved challenge to optimize them for the applications to which they are best suited. In this paper we present a detailed comparative analysis of the linearity distortion and the radiofrequency (RF) performance parameters of a proposed heterojunction Mg2Si source double gate TFET (HMSDG-TFET) and a conventional homojunction Si source DG-TFET (SSDG-TFET). A source material engineering scheme is utilized to implement a staggered type 2 heterojunction at the source–channel junction by replacing the source material with Mg2Si (a low band gap material) to enhance the ON current (2.5 × 10–4 A µm−1), reduce the threshold voltage (0.26 V) and achieve a steeper subthreshold swing (10.05 mV decade−1). For linearity and distortion analysis, the figure of merit (FOM)-like higher-order transconductances, second- and third-order voltage intercepts, third-order intercept point, third-order intermodulation distortion, zero crossover point, 1 dB compression point, second-order harmonic distortion, third order harmonic distortion and total harmonic distortion have been examined. To portray the possible application of devices under consideration for RF integrated circuit applications, both structures are investigated for RF FOMs such as power gains, cutoff frequency (fT), maximum oscillation frequency (F max) and admittance parameters. Investigations carried out using a Silvaco ATLAS device simulator tool revealed that with fT approximately three orders higher (0.49 THz) and F max approximately two orders higher (0.9 THz) than that of a SSDG-TFET, the HMSDG-TFET is an appropriate candidate for use in high-frequency, high-linearity, low-distortion and low-power analog/RF applications.


Due to the demand of clients, the service provider network needs to provide functionalities such as dynamic data- path provisioning, de-provisioning and protection and rerouting in order to provide guaranteed Quality of service (QoS). In corporate with that, we present a centralized data-path control mechanism for DWDM/GMPLS network based on the existing network traffic. It is important to understand the process that provide the QoS information to the control plane protocols and use this information efficiently to compute feasible data-path for the prospective of client traffic requirements. In this work we consider the problem of providing guaranteed service, provisioning and de-provisioning of data- path of the Electro-Optical Network (1). This Electro-optical Network supports multimedia applications having various QoS requirements of the clients. Guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) traffic requires a good traffic engineering control model, which can be applied at any router. This traffic engineering control model can be centralized or distributed, where the distributed traffic engineering control model is more scalable than centralized one. In our design, we consider both the cases but in different conditions, where both the cases are partially dependent on each other. This model considers different QoS constraints, like bandwidth and end-to-end delay for the guaranteed services. Such application requires the network to provide a wide range of QoS guarantees. Whereas the guaranteed bandwidth must be large enough to accommodate motion video of acceptable resolution, end-to- end delay must be small enough for interactive communication. In order to avoid breaks in continuity of audio and video playback, delay jitter and loss must be sufficiently small. In our work, the QoS requirements of the client have been considered in terms of bandwidth and delay. We specify our network model based on all those QoS parameters by providing an end-to-end delay bound (2, 3) model based on the source-destination traffic characteristics. In this paper, we have mentioned bandwidth and end- to-end delay model, with a simple method for the provisioning of a data-path for a set of applications. The main objectives of this paper is to when and how to provision and de-provision a data-path for the incoming traffics at the access router. We solves these problems by formulating a mathematical admission control model and a traffic aggregation model for the general purpose router (GPR), which can solve the problem of traffic optimization at the access router. In addition that, we have Traffic Engineering model based on the idea of differentiated services (DiffServ) (4) to maintain the quality of services of every incoming traffic. This DiffServ architecture achieves scalability by aggregating traffic classification state, which is conveyed by means of IP- layer. This architecture achieves scalability by implementing complex classification and conditioning functions at network GPRs, and by applying per-hop behaviours to aggregates of traffic. Per-hop behaviours are defined to permit a reasonably granular means of allocating buffer and bandwidth resources at every GPR among competing traffic streams. Per- application flow or per-client forwarding state need not be maintained within the core of the network. In this research work we will consider a GMPLS capable hybrid network with general purpose routers (GPR), which is the combination of IP and WDM network. The GPRs supports QoS guarantees and may be used as access or gateway routers for optical switching equipment leading to the core transport network. Based on the global monitoring and control information of the Traffic Control Manager (TCM), it is proposed a data-path control mechanism for the provisioning and de-provisioning of data-paths. The work will focus on GMPLS techniques, which is defined as the IP based control of optical resources, where GPRs are expected to deliver advanced services at higher throughput while handling large amounts of label switching path (LSP) creation/deletion, traffic engineering link information exchange, and link state advertisements. The novelty of this work lies in the fact that it combines provisioning and de-provisioning of data-path for the hybrid network under a common framework, using the hybrid information obtained by monitoring the GPRs in the network. This technique will be useful to service provider networks, where both IP and WDM network domains are owned or leased by the same operator. Using these techniques the service provider can optimally utilize his network of GPRs and optical gear for better utilization of resources. In the next section, the network model is introduced.


The frequency of plasmodial sporulation in wild-type strain A of Physarum polycephalum declined from 51% in 1969 to 0% when it was routinely cultured by shaking in an axenic medium. The ability to ...


representing lesions, papular lesion, from trunk and pitted scar‐like lesion from face of both brothers. Biopsy from face showed dilated hair follicles with keratinous plug in the infundibulum, elongated rete ridges, focal increase in melanocyte, and horn cysts like changes in the epidermis with normal interfollicular epithelium. Histological changes were suggestive of follicular Dowling degos [Figure 4a‐d]. Lesion from lower back showed irregular epidermal hyperplasia with lymphocytic infiltrate at dermo‐epidermal junction suggestive of lichen planus [Figure 5a‐c]. Based on clinical histological and dermatoscopic finding final diagnosis of follicular Dowling Degos associated with lichen planus was made.


The effect of a psychoactive chemical. diazepam, on reducing physiologically disruptive anxiety in young female patients about to undergo operation was investigated. In a double-blind study preoperative anxiety was measured by the Skin Conductance Anxiety Test (SCAT) after patients had been given either intravenous diazepam or placebo. It Was found that diazepam reduced the SCAT scores of the more anxious patients to the level of the scores of the less anxious ones, while the latter's scores were not significantly changed. The validity of the SCAT as an objective measure of anxiety was again confirmed and it was concluded that not only did diazepam differentially reduce anxiety levels in accordance with the degree of anxiety present, but that it also reduced to normal levels the excessive amount of thiopental sodium needed fort the induction of anxious patient.


In a 2010 online video interview, the pornographic actor Veronika Moser discusses her long-standing interest in 'scat' fetishism (sex acts involving faeces), in particular her "passion" for consuming the excrement of her lovers and fellow actors. Introducing her preferences, she discusses how "[her] main objective was to learn to swallow shit, because that's something very special" (Moser). Indeed, the very excess of the act appears to form a large part of its appeal to Moser - she eventually justifies herself by claiming that "for me there's no extremer act" (Moser). Many of those commenting on the video appear to share a belief in the distinct, "special" quality of the fetish, whilst condemning the practice itself. Such a reaction is to be expected. Coprophagia - the term which describes Moser's fetish for consuming excrement - has long been a deeply controversial and potentially unsettling act, tied up in a series of debates about power and sexuality.


The insecticidal properties of wood dust obtained from three tropical plant species (Khaya ivoreinsis, Azadirachta indica and Moringa oleifera) were evaluated against 10 newly emerged adult Sitophilus zeamais at 1.0g, 1.5g and 2.0g treatment doses on 20g of maize grain in a 300cm3 rearing jars. Daily mortality count was observed for seven days, followed oviposition count with the aid of acid fuschin staining method. F1 adult emergence was also noted as well as grain damage and subsequent weight loss before the grain viability was tested. Data collected was subjected to ANOVA and the treatment means were compared using LSD at 5% probability level (P>0.05). The results revealed the 3 tropical wood dusts from effective in preventing the activities of S. zeamais in all the parameters measured. K. ivoreinsis wood dust recorded the highest (8.00) total mortality, and recorded the lowest F1 generation (0.50), number of grain damage (11.0) and weight loss (0.23). While, A. indica recorded highest number of seed viability (4.75). Therefore, sustainable use of these tropical wood dusts as biopesticides especially K. ivorensis in the control of insect pests like S. zeamais on stored maize is very much encouraged, since they are safe, cheap, and readily available for farmers.Key-words: Insecticidal, Maize, Sitophilus zeamais, Wood dust.


Many physicians continue to administer the PSA test to even their oldest patients despite the fact that no medical organization recommends routine prostate cancer screening in men older than 75 years of age, according to recently published research.


We explore the application of small-scale reconfigurability (SSR) to graphics hardware. SSR is an architectural technique wherein functionality common to multiple subunits is reused rather than replicated, yielding high-performance reconfigurable hardware with reduced area requirements (Vijay Kumar and Lach "Designing, scheduling, and allocating flexible arithmetic components", in Proceedings of the International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications, 2003). We show that SSR can be used effectively in programmable graphics architectures to allow double-precision computation without affecting the performance of single-precision calculations and to increase fragment shader performance with a minimal impact on chip area.


Suppose R has the binary relation with the set A,and to judge whether R has the equivalent relationship with A,in general we can decide it by definition.However,it will be difficult for this method to work if R contains lots of ordered pairs.In this paper,a diagnosis method based on relational matrix is given,and the matrix nature of equivalence relaiton is discussed.


The importance of a cooperative school administrator–school counselor alliance is explored against the backdrop of legal proceedings involving professionals in both disciplines who at different points could have prevented or averted lengthy, energy-draining legal action. Most legal battles involving school administrators and school counselors revolve around child abuse reporting, confidentiality, and advocacy for equitable educational opportunities. An examination of case law, statutes, office of civil rights investigations, and other legal proceedings underscores the implications and consequences of school administrators (e.g., principals and assistant principals) and school counselors neglecting to understand disparate, and often mutual, legal and ethical imperatives. An alliance can afford greater comfort for both educational fields in ambiguous and situational dilemmas that are part of the daily work of school administrators and school counselors. Positive collaboration also can lead to increasing opportunities to develop social capital and better support outcomes for students.


Heterogeneity is defined as one of the core merits in the 5th Generation (5G) mobile systems. Such a trait is prominent in modern 5G traffic scenarios, i.e., enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), where coarse Quality of Service (QoS) profiles need to be satisfied over the shared transmission channel. For that, Radio Resource Management (RRM) became a challenging problem that should be figured out based on the traffic scenario. Extensive efforts dwelled in the literature attempt to solve the resource allocation problem in the downlink channel by maximizing the gain for a certain aspect in the QoS profile. This, however, poses a challenge for 5G-related traffic scenarios such that multi-dimension QoS shall be attainable. Therefore, in this paper, a Delay-aware Resource Allocation for Guaranteed Fairness and minimal Loss (DRAGFL) is proposed to enhance the QoS for Real-Time (RT) services in eMBB 5G Heterogeneous Networks. The ultimate objective of DRAGFL is to maintain a steadily low latency for delay-sensitive flows without restraining the service fairness and the data loss in the overload states. DRAGFL enhances the efficiency of the MAC layer scheduler throughout three phases. Firstly, generating delay-derived weight matrix of the resources blocks to radio bearers from eMBB different classes. Then, greedy-based flows prioritization for Resource Blocks (RBs) assignment. Finally, the data rate of the RT and Non RT (NRT) flows is further emphasized through a channel-aware principle that is invoked conditioning to the remaining radio resources and available data to be scheduled in the interval. The performance evaluation using system-level simulations reveals prominent gains of DRAGFL in sustaining a steadily low end-to-end delay in the high congestion states. Moreover, it maintains ideal states of service fairness with low data loss for different traffic loads to indicate a promising MAC scheduler for the developing scenarios of 5G.


The atomic absorption spectrometry is used to determine the metals K,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Zn content in aluminum alloy.The best working parameters of the instrument are tested,getting the six sorts of element's standard curves which having the better linearity.The relative coefficients R were not less than 0.999 6.The test results of the samples are very satisfying.


To better understand the molecular mechanism of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) at the protein level during the development of microspores, proteomic technique was used to investigate the protein expression profile in uninucleate-stage pollen of the rice CMS lines. Total pollen proteins were extracted using two different methods and then separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). An efficient and economic method for high quality protein preparation from rice pollen for 2-DE was established. The silver-stained protein spots were analyzed by using software PDQuest 2DE, there were 1 500 detectable spots on the gel. These results showed that, the proteins extracted by this method were in good integrity and purity, and could meet the needs of proteomic analysis. Comparing with the 2-DE maps of the total proteins from the binucleate-stage and uninucleate-stage pollen, the number of total proteins and the volume of some proteins were decreased in the binucleate-stage pollen.


Simple Summary The prevalence of feline retroviruses in San Mateo County, California was unknown in 2004. Published prevalence in studies worldwide has varied widely, and veterinary guidelines for management of retrovirus-positive cats have not addressed feral cats. This study examined retrovirus prevalence in feral cats presented to a large humane society's spay/neuter clinic over a 15-year period, in the setting of population trends in the shelter's total and feral cat admissions, and numbers of cats presented for spay/neuter procedures. The prevalence differed from earlier studies in Florida and North Carolina (higher for one retrovirus and lower for another), even as feral cat and total cat presentations decreased in San Mateo County, suggesting that retrovirus surveillance should continue in this area. Abstract This study was initiated in 2004 because the prevalence of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infections in feral cats in San Mateo County (SMC) was not known. The cities attributed to the feral cat population presented to the Peninsula Humane Society & SPCA's Spay/Neuter Clinic and to the Shelter itself were analyzed to examine potential geographic concentrations of feral cats with positive retroviral status. Trends in FIV and FeLV status were examined in three 3-year periods (2001–2003, 2005–2007, and 2014–2016). Population trends over the 15 years of this study for feral cats admitted to the Shelter were also examined. In each study period, more female feral cats were presented to the S/N Clinic (54.06%, 57.37%, 54.89%). FIV prevalence increased from 5.52% to 6.41% (p = 0.29) from the first to third period; FeLV prevalence decreased significantly from 1.73% to 0.29% (p = 0.01). Significantly more FIV-positive males than females were identified each year and for each period (p < 0.01). The four largest SMC cities were the major source of feral cats to the Shelter, S/N Clinic, and of FIV- and FeLV-positive cats in the first two periods; in the third period, 50% of feral cats to the Shelter and of FeLV-positive cats were from these cities. Despite a 61.63% reduction in feral cat admissions to the S/N Clinic, the FIV prevalence for males remained similar and increased for females. The retrovirus prevalence suggests the need for continued testing and surveillance of FIV among SMC free-living cats.


Background: In Japan, the number of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has increased since the first case was confirmed in January 2020, reaching more than ten thousand cases as of April 30, 2020. Nonetheless, a true prevalence of COVID-19 in Japan remains unknown due to testing restrictions and a lack of epidemiological research for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).Methods: We investigated 37 consecutive pneumonia patients hospitalized in our hospital located in Utsunomiya, Japan, from February 25 to May 16, 2020. Both nasopharyngeal swabs and sputum were obtained and sent for SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing. The percentage of positive results for SARS-CoV-2 in the screened patients was determined.Results: None of the patients reported in this study had contact with COVID-19 patients. Of the 37 screened patients, none had positive SARS-CoV-2 test results. None were clinically diagnosed with COVID-19. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that COVID-19 was not prevalent in this region during this period. Further studies are needed to determine an accurate number or prevalence of COVID-19 in other regions of Japan.


It is pointed out that the comparison made in the paper by Floyd, ''Higher order modified potentials for the effective phase integral approximation,'' between the expansions introduced by Floyd and by the present authors, respectively, is inadequate as a test of the relative merits of the two expansions. In his comparison Floyd used our unmodified phase‐integral approximations, but for the case considered one should instead use our consistently modified phase‐integral approximations. The numerical results then obtained are in the present note compared with the numerical results obtained from the expansion derived by Floyd.


Considering the weaknesses of the all-round bank system and the current situations in China,the author of the articel raises a model that separate operation of banking industry and stock industry should be carried out from the angle of financial supervision.He thinks that the separation of commercial banks and investing banks is beneficial to the protection of the stability of financial market and of the interests of investors,banks themselves and owners of savings account.


Ultrashort light pulse with stabilized optical phase. An ultrashort laser pulse is comprised of a few of these oscillations. (red or blue curve). Black curves: field envelope of the pulse. Maximum field strength is obtained if the field maximum coincides with the pulse center. (red curve). The newly developed method stabilizes the field pattern of the pulse. Two zoom-ins visualize smallest temporal fluctuations previously demonstrated (green frame, laser stabilization, 100 attosecond jitter) in comparison to those demonstrated with the new method of direct field synthesis (yellow frame, 12 attoseconds jitter).


ABSTRACT Concepts of exclusion and inclusion in sport, physical activity and physical education settings are mostly anchored to discussions about access to and opportunities in physical and social spaces from the perspective of non-disabled adult stakeholders. In this article, we use individual interviews and two creative non-fiction accounts to explore the views of an adult with cerebral palsy (CP), named Jack, who reflects on his embodied experiences of mainstream and CP youth football. This approach enabled us to provide a more nuanced and sophisticated consideration of the exclusion/inclusion dichotomy by centring Jack's construction of identity and feelings of belonging in the spaces his body inhabited. Particular attention is paid to the interactions and relationships that Jack developed with teammates and coaches, and the (often ableist) constructs of ability that pervade mainstream and CP settings, all of which served to influence Jack's sense of belonging. We end by encouraging scholars to centre the experiences and amplify the voices of disabled young people, and to consider inclusion as intersubjective experiences associated with feelings of belonging, acceptance and value that are dynamic and in flux. The concept of embodied belonging can help us to move researchers beyond a simple critique of disabling socio-spatial power relations towards the construction of new knowledge that enhances understandings of disability, place, and space.


On 16 January 2017, details of a request by a Portuguese court for a preliminary ruling from the Court of Justice of the European Union ("ECJ") were published in the Official Journal on questions…


The development of theoretical techniques for the instantaneous calculation of load current components is evaluated. The associated instantaneous calculation of load power components is also evaluated since it is used in the calculation of the currents. The generation of these different power components with respect to compensation are pointed out. Further implementation of the instantaneous power theory is discussed. A three-phase vector approach to the instantaneous calculation of power components is also discussed. Experimental results obtained by using the instantaneous power theory are illustrated


The paper considers the contribution of economic, residential development and residential location models to an understanding of the urban housing market and the residential location process. The cost-substitution approach is shown to possess little analytical power in relation to the location of both inner-city and suburban residents, because of the presence of a general positive price gradient throughout the city. Doubts are raised concerning the ability of residential location models to fully portray the urban market, owing to their descriptive nature and the map pattern problem. The problems facing the economic analysis of housing are also considered. A brief analysis of the applicability of Marxian concepts to the general area of housing is attempted. Areas of necessary research are also identified. GEOGRAPHY has never concerned itself deeply with the question of housing. Detailed discussion of the role of housing as an agent of segregation and dispersal, or, as Robson (1973) has defined it, as an institutionalfilter, remains sadly lacking. There still exists little work to bridge the aggregate portraits of the factorial ecologist, and the miniatures that depict the household decision-making process. It is no exaggeration to suggest that the workings of the housing market represent the key to the social structuring of the city. As Octavia Hill stated, 'you cannot deal with people and their homes separately' (quoted in Ambrose, I974). It is the intention of this brief paper to draw upon some of the available literature relating to the housing market, and to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the work as it relates to the British context. This body of literature has been classified by Baxter and Anthony (I971) into three groups: (a) economic models of the housing market; (b) residential development models; (c) residential location models. In order that this taxonomy should create no confusion, the salient works within each group are listed below. Economic models: Alonso (I964), Harris (I966), Herbert and Stevens (1960), Kain (1962), Muth (1969), Reid (1962), Wingo (1961), Wolfe (1967). Residential development models: Chapin and Weiss (I968), Swerdloff and Stowers (1966). Residential location models: Baxter and Anthony (1971), Cripps and Cater (1971), Cripps and Foot (1969), Wilson (I970). It is not within the scope, nor is it the purpose of this paper to document all the above presentations, but rather to discuss the implications of the different approaches. In many cases the comments made will apply to all of them, for the assumptions are in general shared, and the methodology is similar.


A follow‐up study was conducted in 40 children who had been enrolled in a prospective randomized study of exogenous surfactant therapy for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (n = 22; S) or placebo (n = 18; P) to determine long‐term pulmonary sequelae of surfactant treatment in premature infants with RDS. At follow‐up, mean (SD) age was 6.63 (0.18) and 6.55 (0.23) years for S and P, respectively. Complete lung function tests (LFT) were attempted in all patients.


This study aimed to analyze the messages conveyed and discussed in Cordel literature, or string leaflets, on dengue. This exploratory-descriptive documentary research, preceded by a systematic search of string leaflets, was carried out between April and May of 2010. Two of the examined leaflets addressed the theme. Three categories arose from content analysis: Getting to know dengue, including characteristics of the disease itself and its signs and symptoms; Dengue prevention, emphasizing ways to prevent mosquito dissemination and elimination; and string literature as an educational strategy, outlining how it is a viable tool for dengue prevention. String leaflets present satisfactory information content which produces a favorable alert towards counter-dengue measures, linking information to regional cultural customs. DESCRIPTORS: Dengue. Literature. Health promotion. Primary prevention


By assuming a particular mass function we find new exact solutions to the Einstein field equations with an anisotropic matter distribution. The solutions are shown to be relevant for the description of compact stars. A distinguishing feature of this class of solutions is that they admit a linear equation of state which can be applied to strange stars with quark matter.


In June 2002, Cetiom organized in France a huge informative field meeting for the French farmers: Oleopro 2002. It gathered 18,000 people and was considered highly useful and educative by the visitors. Three strategic concepts were at the basis of this event and explain its success: to show practicable innovations and operational issues, to develop interactive relationship with all the farmers' partners, and to be attentive to the emergent needs of the society. The author explains how the same trends are now leading the applied research program of Cetiom.


Using the quantum-transport equation and Keldysh diagrammatic technique, we investigate the phonon-drag thermopower in a disordered conductor. We consider phonon drag of three-dimensional electrons, which interact with longitudinal phonons via the deformation potential. The scattering potential of impurities, boundaries, and defects is modeled by quasistatic scatterers and vibrating scatterers, which move in the same way as host atoms. In thin films and nanostructures the phonons relax mainly in a substrate, and the phonon-drag thermopower substantially depends on the character of electron scatterers. Vibrating scatterers decrease thermopower, while static scatterers, such as rigid boundaries and heavy impurities, increase it. These changes in thermopower correlate to the disorder-induced modification of the electron-phonon relaxation rate. In bulk conductors, phonon-electron scattering dominates in the phonon relaxation, and the phonon-drag thermopower just slightly varies with electron mean free path.


Abstract:Recent years have seen a marked increase in interest in the ancient economy. Further tax inscriptions relating to Classical Athens have been discovered and more detailed research has been carried out, leading historians to call for a reexamination of the Athenian tax system. This article surveys modern scholarship on Classical Athenian taxes and their administration, and makes an assessment of Classical Athenian tax policy. It argues that taxes were a key factor in Classical Athenian public finance and state formation, and locates them in fiscal history generally.


The present investigation was undertaken to generate information on combining ability and heterosis in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) for important yield and drought tolerance attributes and also to ascertain nature and magnitude of character association among various productivity and drought tolerance attributes. The experimental material consisted of seven parents and twenty one F1 cross combinations was evaluated at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal during rabi, 2011-12. Analysis of variance revealed the existence of significant differences among the genotypes for all the sixteen attributes studied. Studies on combining ability revealed significant gca and sca mean squares for all the traits studied indicating the influence of both additive and non-additive gene action. However, estimates of components of variance revealed predominance of non-additive gene action for days to first flowering, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to first poding, days to maturity, number of branches per plant, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading, root length, number of pods per plant, shoot biomass per plant, seed yield per plant, harvest index, chlorophyll 'a' content, chlorophyll 'b' content and total chlorophyll content; and predominant additive gene action for plant height and 100seed weight. Based on estimates of general combining ability and per se performance superior parents were suggested for improving chickpea productivity and drought tolerance. Promising parental genotypes are NBeG-3 for number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant, harvest index and chlorophyll 'a' content; JG-11 for days to first flowering, days to 50 per cent flowering, number of branches per plant, SCMR, root length, number of pods per plant, chlorophyll 'a' content, chlorophyll 'b' content and total chlorophyll content; ICCV 05106 for number of pods per plant, MNK-1 for plant height and 100 seed weight and Vihar for shoot biomass per plant, chlorophyll 'a' content, chlorophyll 'b' content and total chlorophyll content. These parents can also be intercrossed in order to create large genetic variability and to isolate promising lines with desirable combination of yield and drought tolerance attributes. Promising crosses for phenological traits (JG-11 x Vihar, ICCV 05106 x ICCV 95333, ICCV 05106 x KAK-2 and NBeG-3 x JG-11); physiological traits like SCMR, root length and leaf chlorophyll content (NBeG-3 x MNK-1, JG-11 x MNK-1, ICCV 95333 x KAK-2, ICCV 05106 x MNK-1, ICCV 05106 x KAK-2, ICCV 05106 x ICCV 95333 and ICCV 95333 x Vihar); and yield and yield attributes (NBeG-3 x JG11, NBeG-3 x ICCV 95333, JG-11 x ICCV 05106, JG-11 x KAK-2, ICCV 05106 x Vihar, ICCV 95333 x KAK-2, ICCV 95333 x Vihar, NBeG-3 x Vihar and ICCV 05106 x ICCV 95333) identified in the study could be exploited in chickpea breeding programmes for developing high yielding chickpea genotypes with improved drought tolerance. Shoot biomass per plant, harvest index, number of branches per plant and number of pods per plant were identified as major yield components which exhibited highly significant positive association with seed yield. Physiological characters viz., SCMR, chlorophyll 'b' content and total chlorophyll content exhibited highly significant positive inter se association with each other and also significant association with seed yield per plant. Hence, these traits can be included as selection criterion in breeding chickpea genotypes with high yield and enhanced drought tolerance. Path coefficient analysis also brought out high positive direct effects of shoot biomass per plant and harvest index and moderate direct effects of chlorophyll 'b' content on seed yield per plant. High and positive indirect effect of SCMR and root length and moderately positive indirect effect of chlorophyll 'b' content via shoot biomass were also remarkable.


Skiplist is an important data structure used for storing and managing ordered data. It provides logarithmic time complexity (in list size) for lookup, insert and remove operations with high probability without the need for complex balancing actions. Several algorithms have been proposed for concurrent maintenance of a skiplist using both blocking and non-blocking synchronization techniques. In this work, we propose a new algorithm for maintaining a concurrent skiplist that uses two techniques to boost performance. The first technique, referred to as "unrolling", involves storing multiple key-value pairs in the same node. The second technique involves using an advanced locking primitive, based on "group mutual exclusion", to allow certain operations to work on the same node concurrently. In our experiments, our concurrent skiplist consistently outperformed existing concurrent skiplists by as much as 90% in some cases.


ABSTRACT We propose a method for quality assurance of raw data from water distribution networks in near real-time. Well-known and novel data analysis methods, including a timestamp drift test, are combined to produce a malfunction indicator database for diagnosing anomalies within data acquisition practices. The method was applied to 112 flow and 111 pressure data sets, covering on average 32 months, located throughout the distribution networks of three Danish utilities. Around 10% of measurements in the utilities' meter data sets were absent and 3–35% were categorized as dubious or erroneous. The most common types of anomalies for flow and pressure data were flatline and time stamp inconsistencies. Time drifts were identified in all three utilities and a similarity analysis revealed a simultaneous occurrence of many anomalies. These high rates could have been avoided if the proposed method had been implemented to automatically highlight meter errors and system-wide problems in data collection.


This paper presents a new multi-objective function which is made up of the main objective term as well as penalty terms related to the constraints. All the terms are represented in the same functional form and the coefficient of each term is normalized so that each term has equal weighting in the subsequent simulated annealing optimization calculations. The screening technique introduced in the previous work is also adopted in order to save computer time in 3-D neutronics evaluation of trial loading patterns. For numerical test of the new multi-objective function in the loading pattern optimization, the optimum loading patterns for the initial and the cycle 7 reload PWR core of Yonggwang Unit 4 are calculated by the simulated annealing algorithm with screening technique. A total of 10 optimum loading patterns are obtained for the initial core through 10 independent simulated annealing optimization runs. For the cycle 7 reload core one optimum loading pattern has been obtained from a single simulated annealing optimization run. More SA optimization runs will be conducted to optimum loading patterns for the cycle 7 reload core and results will be presented in the further work. (authors)


Considering the inadequate personnel,new equipment and heavy workload of the Hongjiadu Hydropower Plant and according to many years' experience in operation of hydropower plants,some suggestions are presented on the safe operation of hydropower plants.


【Convergence measurements play very important role in the assessment of stability of a tunnel and of the economics of rock reinforcements. The characteristics of convergences are both due to the face advance effect and the time-dependent behaviour of rocks. As the convergence law can be modeled as a specific function of two variables of distance and time, we can determine the type of function and the related parameters from the field measurements. By using the regression method based on the Levengberg-Marquardt algorithm, an analysis of convergence of two different tunnels and one numerical example is described. It is shown that the convergence can be modeled as following function, C(x)=a{1-exp(-bx)} or C(t)=a{1-exp(-bt)} in case of a tunnel excavated in elastic rocks, in case of elasto-plastic or over stressed rocks.】


Grain for Green Program was launched in China as a national measure to control erosion and increase vegetation cover in 1999. With a budget of 40 billion US dollar, the program that targets cropla ...


Objective: To establish the efficacy and safety of a fixed, 3–mg dose of apomorphine SL compared with placebo, and to compare 3 mg with 4 mg apomorphine SL in patients with erectile dysfunction. Methods: This randomized, double–blind, crossover study included 296 heterosexual men with ED of various etiologies and severities. Two crossover groups were evaluated separately: 3 mg apomorphine SL vs. placebo (n = 194), and 3 vs. 4 mg apomorphine SL (n = 102). The primary efficacy variable was the percentage of attempts resulting in erections firm enough for intercourse; additional variables included the percentage of attempts resulting in intercourse and time to erection. Partner assessments were also analyzed. Results: 3 mg apomorphine SL was significantly more effective than placebo (p<0.001) for the percentage of attempts resulting in erections firm enough for intercourse and resulting in intercourse, as assessed by both patients and partners. Median time to erection was 18.8 min. The 3–mg dose was not significantly different from 4 mg in the evaluation of efficacy variables, but the incidence of adverse events was higher with 4 mg. Nausea was the most common event, reported by 3.3% of patients on 3 mg vs. 14.1% on 4 mg; in the placebo comparison, nausea was reported by 7.0% of patients taking 3 mg apomorphine SL vs. 1.1% of those taking placebo. Conclusions: 3 mg apomorphine SL was significantly more effective than placebo and comparable to 4 mg, while offering an improved risk–benefit ratio.


This paper gives general descriptions and analyses of several main types of fiber optic sensors in smart structures, in which Fabry-Perot interferometric strain sensor and fiber Bragg grating strain sensor are the two most attractive candidates with great potentialities, and are described in detail.


This paper presents a compact analog neuron cell incorporating an array of charge-coupled synapses connected via a common output terminal. The novel silicon synapse is based on a two stage charge-coupled device where the weighting function- ality can be integrated into the rst stage. A pre- synaptic spike to the second gate allows the charge under the rst gate to drift onto the oating diu- sion output stage to produce a current, or voltage spike. Parallel dened synapses are each assigned to the left hand side of a current mirror gate where the right hand side feeds into a thresholding inverter. The decay of the membrane potential is mimicked by the charge leakage through a reverse-biased diode, whose model is veried by comparing the simulations and measured data. Spice simulation results show that the proposed neuron cell is capable of capturing the summing and thresholding dynamics of biological neurons.


A simultaneous equation model is used to estimate export demand and supply functions for US soybeans. Price, income, exchange rate and other effects on exports to four world regions are estimated. Inclusion of export supply relationships have very significant implications for estimated price‐, income‐, and exchange‐rate elasticities of export demand. Results fail to support the usual empirical assumption of infinite supply price elasticity for soybeans.


With the availability of high-end integrated analog front-ends, distinction between different digital ultrasound systems is determined almost exclusively by their software component. Moreover, PC-based implementations for sophisticated medical imaging technologies have emerged where powerful multi-core computational ability replaces expensive embedded systems. The objective of this work is to develop a modular low-cost PC-based digital ultrasound imaging system that has almost all of its processing steps done on the PC side.


Brian Doyle has a storyteller's blood, which came to him from his Irish forebears, so he calls himself a storyteller, which is true, since he tells stories, and most of them true, so you can call him a nonfiction storyteller. But he doesn't stop at the stories. He allows himself the meditative space to think on the stories he tells, whether they happened to him or to interesting others, and that makes him an essayist after the order of Montaigne, who once prescribed a formula for writing thusly:


Legal notice The views expressed in this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union. The Union is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. i Foreword The history of women in culture and science has been a history of marginalization until the mid 1900s, especially in industrialized countries. For centuries the number of women having access to education has been very low. Until the early 20 th century, indeed, and notwithstanding the progress made in the access to school education due to the State mass school curricula, high levels of inequality (at the political and educational levels) have remained in the collective consciousness and the main cultural codes. Such inequality, which was implicit in the sexual dimorphism based on forms of biological determinism, was aimed at justifying the alleged intellectual inferiority of women and the fragility of their nature. Many of them used to stand out in the artistic and humanistic sectors as painters, writers and poetesses, but more rarely as scientists. Indeed, the people who own artistic or literary aptitudes can distinguish themselves also without having a specific preparation. Whereas sciences, and in particular the so-called " hard sciences " such as mathematics or physics, require a sound basic preparation without which it is almost impossible to make progress and highlight the talent. Notwithstanding the difficulties encountered, the women scientists having significantly contributed to the development of science are not few. History reminds us about the names of famous women scientists ranging from Marie Curie, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 and for Chemistry in 1911, to Rita Levi Montalcini, who received the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1986, through the Iranian Professor Maryam Mirzakhani, who became the first woman honoured with the Fields Medal, the most prestigious award in mathematics, and Samantha Cristoforetti, holding the records for longest single space flight by a woman. However, the impression that women scientists like them represent the exception rather than the rule remains unchanged. The underrepresentation of women in scientific careers was and still is today a problem which should be faced strongly. In fact, it not only limits the European research and development potential, but also represents a drag on the economy of the single Member States. On the damages caused by sexism also the International Monetary …


The occurrence model and emission characteristic of chlorine in the co-pyrolysis solid product of coal and PVC are studied using IR.The result indicates that there are organic compounds containing chlorine under 500℃.And those compounds mainly root in coal but not in the remains of PVC.When temperature is higher than 600℃,all compounds containing chlorine which is inorganic.


This study was designed in two folds, first) to explore the physical fitness and performance the rural, urban and private school girls in the capacity of traditional games, and second) to examine the relationship between the performance of traditional games and physical fitness. Data were obtained from (n = 120) of school girls of Bahawalpur city, of 11-to-15 years of age. These measurements were attained as stature for height, body mass- for weight, speed test of the 30-meter run, set and reach for flexibility, zig-zag run for agility, standing broad jump for leg power, set-ups for trunk strength, finally skipping rope, and shtapu for traditional games. One-way ANOVA was applied to compare the physical fitness and ability of traditional among groups, and the Pearson product of correlation was applied to examine the relationship between the physical fitness and performance of traditional games. Results exhibited the rural girl's students were significantly superior to the urban school girls in the 30-meter dash. The rural girls were also significantly higher in the performance of skipping rope and shtapu than urban and private school girls. On the other hand, stature, body mass, leg power, zig-zag run, sit-and-reach, trunk strength was a significantly positive correlation with skipping rope and shatpu. The main finding of this study was that traditional games have a strong relationship with the physical fitness of school girls. Therefore, this study suggests the traditional games would be a part of co-curriculum activities in school as well as in the social life of the school girls to improve their physical fitness.


Petitions were flied In district court FrIday afternoon by Dorothy Anne Dondore, administratrIx Of tbe estate of Josephine Haas Dondore, asking damages of $20,000 against Expect , Report on Still Dr. A. W. Bennett and Dr. F. J. Rohner. Both petitions were flied Nebulous Plan in by R. S. MUtner and Paul V. Wll· Few Days son of Cedar Rapids for the Septem' ber term of court. I Miss Dondore charges the defend· r (Gop,ril'ht, t9S~, b,. the A&8ocl ted PM! ) ants with negligence In treating her a 88 mother, who died Feb. 20, 1931, from NEW YORK, Sept. 10 (AP)-Cal' l an allment said to have been ding. yin Coolidge and other promInent noaed aJI heart trouble. national leaders, It was reliably reo ported In Wall street today, are ex· )oeCted to become members of a non. parU88.Il commission for the purpose of making a thorough study of the country's railroad problems, wIth a ,lew of recommending remedial leg. ~Iatlon at the next sessIon of con· gre8s. The commtsslon, It Willi saId. wll1 work under the sponsorship of the National Association of Mutual Sav lDgS Banks, togother with other large banks and Insurance com· New Theories Enter Search of Col. Robins


This dissertation examines the notion of "appropriation" in contemporary art since the mid-1970s in relation to simultaneous developments in United States intellectual property law. The five chapters analyze specifics art works and legal cases involving the Pictures Generation and late postmodern appropriation art generally, tactical media practices and "post-appropriation" art in the present. U.S. copyright law, trademark law, and artists' moral rights comprise the legal frameworks through which appropriation is understood as both artistic expression and critical gesture. Additionally, critical theory, poststructuralism, new media theory and other scholarship are employed to analyze ideologies of authorship, the status of art in society, and artists' ethical responsibilities. The dissertation begins with simple questions: what is the status of appropriation in contemporary art today? Why has appropriation art seemed to enjoy a status above the law in ways that other cultural expression (e.g., music, documentary film) does not? While describing instances in which appropriation artists have been taken to court over alleged infringements, the chapters ultimately argue that appropriation art as a subversive practice has helped to usher in a new, "postmodern" intellectual property law, in which increased tolerance for creative copying has come at the expense of neutralizing appropriation art's critical power. As the dissertation progresses, the author attempts new ways of defining what form a critical, twenty-first century appropriation art might take


This work explores the electrospinnability of low-sulfonate Kraft lignin (LSL)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solutions in N , N -dimethylformamide (DMF) and theability ofthe different micro-and nano-architectures generated tostructurecastoroil.LSL/PVPsolutionswerepreparedatdifferentconcentrations(8 – 15wt%)andLSL:PVPratios (90:10 – 0:100) and physico-chemically and rheologically characterized. The morphology of electrospun nano-structures mainly depends on the rheological properties of the solution. Electrosprayed nanoparticles or micro-sizedparticlesconnectedbythin fi lamentswereobtainedfromsolutionswithlowLSL/PVPconcentrations and/or high LSL:PVP ratios, whereas beaded or bead-free nano fi bers were produced by increasing concentration and/or decreasing LSL:PVP ratio, due to enhanced extensional viscoelastic properties and non-Newtonian characteristics. Electrospun LSL/PVP nano fi bers are able to form oleogels by simply dispersing them into castor oil at concentrations between 10 and 30 wt%. The rheological properties of the oleogels may be tailored by modifying the LSL:PVP ratio and nano fi bers content. The potential application of these oleogels as bio-based lubricants was also explored in a tribological cell. Satisfactory friction and wear results are achieved when using oleogels structured by nano fi bers mats with enhanced gel-like properties as lubricants. Overall, electrospinning of lignin/PVP solutions can be proposed as a simple and effective method to produce nano fi bers for oil structuring.


Samples of Ti-25V-15Cr-2Al-0.2C, Ti-6V-4Al and Al-80Si (wt.%) have been prepared from the atomised powders using a selected range of processing conditions during direct laser fabrication in order to investigate the significance of segregation, which may be induced during melting and subsequent solidification. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis has been used to assess the segregation in these samples using a scanning electron microscope. It has been shown that for the wide range of processing conditions used, segregation is significant only in the Al-80Si alloy for a given range of process conditions. The results have been interpreted in terms of the liquidus-solidus characteristics of the alloys and of the influence of the different processing conditions used on the expected solidification behaviour.Samples of Ti-25V-15Cr-2Al-0.2C, Ti-6V-4Al and Al-80Si (wt.%) have been prepared from the atomised powders using a selected range of processing conditions during direct laser fabrication in order to investigate the significance of segregation, which may be induced during melting and subsequent solidification. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis has been used to assess the segregation in these samples using a scanning electron microscope. It has been shown that for the wide range of processing conditions used, segregation is significant only in the Al-80Si alloy for a given range of process conditions. The results have been interpreted in terms of the liquidus-solidus characteristics of the alloys and of the influence of the different processing conditions used on the expected solidification behaviour.


Objective To investigate the effect of strontium mineral water combined with glimepiride on liver protection and levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG) and serum lipid in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods T2DM rat model was established by glucose and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ).The experimental rats were divided into normal group,model control group,strontium mineral water group,tap water glimepiride group and strontium mineral water glimepiride group.The levels of fasting blood glucose were detected every week in all rats.Every two weeks,6 animals were randomly selected and sacrificed from each group for determination of total cholesterol(TC) and triglyceride(TG) in serum and pathological examination of liver.Results In the type 2 diabetes rats model,fasting blood glucose were increased,while the level of TC and TG increased significantly.Glimepiride could decrease the levels of FBG,TC,TG;Although strontium mineral water could not decrease the level of FBG obviously,but TC and TG levels were low significantly;Especially,hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects were more significant in strontium mineral water glimepiride group.Conclusion It is suggested that strontium mineral water could reduce the level of serum lipid,have some protective effect for liver,and delay the process of type 2 diabetes in rats.


Detection of Neisseria meningitidis, that is one of the most common causes of bacterial meningitis, is being reported, using a micromachined microcalorimeter with a split-flow microchannel structure. The splitflow microchannel scheme constantly keeps the output of the microcalorimeter near zero level when there is no biochemical reaction, which eliminates the need of an active element such as a heater. Thermal components for the microcalorimeter have been fabricated on a high thermal resistivity layer to improve the sensitivity of the device. Using the fabricated sensor, a biological reaction between Neisseria meningitidis group B (NMGB) and a specific monoclonal antibody to its capsular polysaccharide was detected. In order to verify the reliability of the measurement, exactly same number of NMGB was reacted with HmenB3, and optical density was measured by ELISA.


Amaranth oil, Avocado oil, Cashew nut shell oil, Castor oil, Coconut oil, Corn/Maize oil, Cottonseed oil, Cumin oil, Fish oil, Groundnut oil, Linseed oil, Mustard oil, Neem oil, Olive oil, Palm oil, Pomegranate seed oil, Psyllium seed oil, Rice bran oil, Safflower oil, Sesame oil, Soybean oil, Sunflower oil, Wheat germ oil are a natural source of fatty acids, nutraceuticals and mainly Tocopherol – Vitamin 'E'. They play important role with various medicinal properties like Anti-oxidant, Cholesterol reducing agent etc. and are present in the derivative fractions of oils. Hence, complete range of plant oils and their derivatives were selected as a part of raw material to explore the details of biochemical profile, fatty acids profile and nutraceutical profile and mainly quantity of Tocopherol.


The removal of brilliant green (BG) dye from an aqueous solution using activated carbon (AC) derived from guava tree wood is conducted in batch conditions. The influence of different factors such as contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, and temperature on the adsorption of BG onto AC was investigated. FTIR, BET, and SEM analyses were performed to determine the characteristics of the material. The isotherm results were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms. Linear regression was used to fit the experimental data. It was found that the equilibrium data are best represented by the Freundlich isotherm, and the adsorption capacity (qe) was 90 mg dye/g AC. The values of the free energy (∆G), enthalpy (∆H), and entropy (∆S) were −86.188 kJ/mol, 43.025 kJ/mol, and 128 J/mol.K, respectively, at pH 7 for the BG dye. The kinetics of BG dye adsorption were analyzed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models, and it was found that the pseudo-second-order model was suitable for the behavior of the BG dye at R2 = 0.999.


The utility model discloses an LED tunnel lamp, and relates to an LED tunnel lamp, a copper base heat-conducting plate and a vertical honeycomb heat-radiator device. The vertical honeycomb heat-radiator device is provided with a plurality of identical hollow aluminum alloy pipes with thin walls, and the aluminum alloy pipes are integrally connected and arranged in honeycomb shape and are fixed in an aluminum frame. The LED tunnel lamp comprises a lamp frame, a lamp shade, a lamp body, an LED lighting device, the copper heat-conducting plate, the vertical honeycomb heat-radiator device and a power source control circuit, wherein the LED lighting device is fixed on the inner surface of the copper base heat-conducting plate which is fixed on the lamp body, and the vertical honeycomb heat-radiator device is vertically fixed on the outer surface of the copper base heat-conducting plate. Besides, a power source box comprising the power source control circuit is fixedly mounted on the back of the vertical honeycomb heat-radiator device, and an LED lighting device power lead penetrates through a wire through hole of the vertical honeycomb heat-radiator device to be connected to the power source box. The lamp shade, a sealing ring and the lamp body are sealed together via the lamp frame, thereby forming the LED tunnel lamp. The utility model provides a high efficient heat radiating structure which enables heat generated thorough LED lighting to be transmitted to the vertical honeycomb heat-radiator device to perform vertical ventilation and radiation through the copper base heat-conducting plate and to be transmitted to the lamp body and vertical radiating fins of the lamp body to radiate, and further provides the LED tunnel lamp comprising the copper base heat-conducting plate and the vertical honeycomb heat-radiator device.


By the fact that two places,nine densities experiments dates to maize Shadan8806 for 2 years were analyzed.It was found that proper density of Shandan8806 summer seeding high yield was 67 500-75 000 plants/ha.Group source-sink ratio was enhanced with the density increasing.When source-sink ratio greater than 1.5(75 000 plants/ha),source deliverability began to come down,yield was notable fall off.The leaf area index of silking stage kept about 5.1,transmitting rate of tier were proper within the group respectively,the situation was good by brightness,crop output is maximal.Groups of light and potential of earlier stage increasing by the density were increasing.While density was too big,groups of light and potential of after spinning 25 d came down.Therefore,rational close planting,foundation ensuring that the proper group leaf area modulus and fine accepting glorify a situation,maintaining warehouse source properties balance going ahead in higher level was to gain high yield.


Background: The use of high tourniquet pressures in obese patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty increases the risk of postoperative thromboembolic events and skin complications. Measurement of limb occlusion pressure (LOP) before surgery may lead to the use of lower tourniquet cuff pressure during surgery and thereby reduce the risk of postoperative pain and complications.Methods: Eighty-six obese patients scheduled for total knee arthroplasty were randomized to a control group (n=43) with tourniquet pressures at 300 mmHg or the LOP group (n=43) where a recommended tourniquet pressure was determined based on the patient's limb occlusion pressure. The primary outcome measure was postoperative thigh pain; the secondary outcome measures were the quality of bloodless field, postoperative drop in haemoglobin, postoperative complications and Oxford knee scores.Results: The tourniquet cuff pressure was significantly lower in the LOP group than in the control group (p<0.001). Patients in the LOP group showed significantly lower postoperative thigh pain scores till postoperative day 3. Our study did not show any difference in intraoperative quality of bloodless field (p<0.103), postoperative complications and Oxford knee scores (p<0.775) at six months after surgery.Conclusions: Our results show that the use of limb occlusion pressure method results in decreased postoperative thigh pain without reducing the quality of the bloodless field. We believe that this method in tourniquet application is safe and beneficial for the subset of obese patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.


Internet routing research has long been hindered by obstacles to executing the wide class of experiments necessary to characterize problems and opportunities, and evaluate candidate solutions. Prior works proposed a platform that would provide experiments with control of an Internet-connected AS. However, because BGP does not natively support multiplexing or the requisite security policies for building such a platform, prior works were ultimately unable to realize this vision. We present Peering, a community platform that provides multiple parallel experiments with control and visibility equivalent to directly operating a production AS. Peering is built atop vBGP, our design for virtualizing the data and control planes of a BGP edge router while simultaneously enforcing security policies to prevent experiments from disrupting the Internet and each other. With Peering, experiments operate in an environment qualitatively similar to that of a cloud provider, and can exchange routes and traffic with hundreds of neighboring networks and the broader Internet at locations around the world. To date, Peering's rich connectivity and flexibility have enabled it to support over 40 experiments and 15 publications in key research areas such as security, traffic engineering, and routing policies.


Hexavalentchromeisoftoxic.Sourcesofchrome-containingwastewateranddistri-bution of chrome ion were studied in disposal of the waste water from a cold rolling mill.The character-istics of the waste water and disposal method were presented systematically.Meanwhile,a reduc-tion-precipitation method with stable effect,low investment and feasible operation was introduced.Moreover,it pointed out the importance to study passivating solution of galvanized steel sheet coating and the necessity to control pollution from source.


Alleged ?Aegean migrations? have long been seen as underlying major
 transformations in lifeways and identity in the Balkans in the 12th-11th
 centuries BC. Revisiting the material culture and settlement changes in the
 north-south ?routeway? of the Velika Morava-Juzna Morava-Vardar/Axios river
 valleys, this paper evaluates developments within local communities. It is
 argued that mobility played an important role in social change, including an
 element of inward migration from the north. We argue that rather than an
 Aegean end point, these river valleys themselves were the destination of
 migrants. The prosperity this stimulated within those communities led to
 increased networks of personal mobility that incorporated elements from
 communities from the wider Carpathians and the north of Greece over the
 course of two centuries.


Compelling, skillfully plotted, multi layered, Pauline Rowson is the author of the DI Andy Horton crime novels, the Art Marvik mystery thrillers, and the historical crime fictions series set in 1950s England with Inspector Alun Ryga


Basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS) presents major challenges to patients and their dermatologic surgeons. The development of numerous basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) beginning in childhood or early adulthood, eventually up to hundreds annually in some patients, can destroy quality of life. We report our experience using a nonscarring modality, photodynamic therapy (PDT), to reduce the incidence of BCCs and to eliminate many existing BCCs in such patients.


In this paper, a new approach for the economic environmental dispatch (EED) problem with both wind turbines and thermal generators is presented. The here-and-now (HN) strategy is used in the problem formulation by incorporating the stochastic characteristic of the wind power (WP) in the system constraints. Weibull probability distribution function (PDF) is employed to describe the WP. An elitist optimization approach based on particle swarm optimization and the nondominated sorting concept is applied to solve the stochastic and non-smooth EED problem. The suggested framework is successfully evaluated on the 69-bus ten-unit system.


Portugal offered to host the pilot course, which received a laudable response from the majority of EU Member States and was supported by the High Representative for the ESDP.


Cobalt nanoparticles were loaded onto mesoporous zeolite Na–Y (Na–meso-Y) by melt infiltration and impregnation methods. As compared to impregnation, melt infiltration resulted in Co nanoparticles with a narrower size distribution. The Co/Na–meso-Y catalyst prepared by the melt infiltration exhibited higher C10–C20 (diesel fuel) selectivity. The hydrogenolysis of heavier hydrocarbons was confirmed to occur under Fischer–Tropsch reaction conditions. Our studies for the hydrogenolysis of n-hexadecane revealed that the catalyst by the melt infiltration was more active and selective for the formation of C10–C15 hydrocarbons. We propose that the narrower Co size distribution favors the selective hydrogenolysis and thus the C10–C20 selectivity in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. The addition of Mn with a proper content could further improve the diesel fuel selectivity to 65% by suppressing the formations of CH4 and lighter hydrocarbons. The Mn-modified Co/Na–meso-Y catalyst was very stable and no deactivation was obs...


Foam separation has been applied to recover or remove various substances from dilute aqueous solutions in various industries because it is an environmentand cost-friendly process. The literature has been reviewed focusing on the separation of metal ions. From an operational point of view, various methods are discussed for the removal of metal ions from solution, and on the selective recovery of a specific target metal ion. The former applications are designed to purify industrial effluents, and the performance of foam separation is well proven. The latter examples are aimed at recovering valuable metals, which has been shown to be difficult due to the inherent problem of contamination in foam separation. An operation mode was developed to overcome this problem and to enhance the selectivity for separating a specific target metal from solutions containing multi-metals. The method, called continuous counter-current foam separation, was developed, and its performance was demonstrated by the experimental results for Ga(III) separation. Since both high selectivity and recovery was obtained by this method, foam separation is potentially a "solvent-free" alternative to solvent extraction.


In the article we considered the requirements for professional preparation of employee of the factory and his readiness for innovations. Today we consider the question about preparation of employees as the one of the most important factor of manufacturing activity, as for economics, as for society at all. Employees are the main resource of any factory because they move forward the organisation, realise plans, produces and promote products and services. Therefore, trainings of employees are necessary conditions for development of the factory and increasing of its competitiveness. Organization intra firm training for staff on the example of Sverdlovsk Railways because of this is the biggest transport node in the region. The process of internal education for staff is aimed on increasing of their knowledge and skills which help effectively do their job. If speaking about Sverdlovsk Railways department there is using training and retraining of employees, advancing of qualification and other types of internal employees' trainings. Options of intra firm training of employees and learning for them was analysed in the transport industry, which would help to maintain competitiveness on the desired level in conditions of modern dynamic life.


Among 60 college students, preference for competitive strategies for achieving success was associated with higher scores for an external locus of control and on the Type A personality scale.


I commend an alternative, but perhaps more patient centred, interpretation of the Cochrane hierarchy of evidence described by Jarvinen and colleagues.1 The first rungs on the ladder—"Can it work?" and "Does it work?"—are answered by the science underlying the intervention and the controlled trial. But the third rung—"Is it worth it?"—should not be asked first of health economists …


Flexible tube material is first elastomeric polymers including styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers, ethylene vinyl acetate elastomers, polyolefin elastomers, or combinations thereof; And a polyolefin elastomer, a diene elastomer, or comprises a combination thereof, the first elastomeric polymer comprises an elastomer different from the first polymer is a radiation crosslinked blend. In one implementation, the method of forming a material includes the steps of providing a first elastomeric polymer; The step of providing a second elastomeric polymer; The method comprising blending a first elastomeric polymer and a second elastomeric polymer; The thus produced blend comprising: an extrusion molding or injection molding; And using a radiation comprises the step of cross-linking of the blend.


To Grow or Not to Grow - The Question for the 90s PART 1: Planning for Success Planning Your Expansion PART 2: Expanding at Home Expanding Internally: Getting More From Your Current Markets Going on the Offensive Developing and Implementing Your Export Plan PART 3: Expanding Abroad.


This paper explores different approaches to the performance estimation for ventilated facades. In particular, an extension of the familiar U and g values has been employed to take account of the energy transfer to the facade ventilation air. In total, four terms describing ventilation gains and transmission losses in terms of irradiance and temperature components are defined which characterise the performance of the facade in total. Steady state analysis has been applied in order to express these four parameters in terms of the detailed heat transfer process within the facade. This approach has been applied to the ventilated facade of the public library at Mataro, Spain. Monthly U and g values have been derived and the associated thermal energy gains calculated for various climates.


Purposely generating chaos-chaotifying control, when it is useful or beneficial, becomes one of the focuses in chaos engineering. In this paper, the direct time delay feedback is proposed for chaotifying control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The direct-axis or quadrature-axis stator voltage is used as manipulated variable, and the direct-axis or quadrature-axis current is used as time delay state feedback in the control law. This method can be physically realized and is simple in comparison to indirect time delay feedback method. The proposed controller has the same form of the controller proposed by Pyragas for eliminating chaos, this investigation, together with the previous research, will show that the direct time delay feedback control can generate or enhance chaos when it is useful, and eliminate chaos when it is harmful, which will give more flexibility for the control engineer. Simulation results show its effectiveness


Stochastic simulations of fluid flow deal with the evolution of uncertainties in initial and boundary conditions, parameters, and physical models. These uncertainties may lead to qualitatively different behaviors of the flow, raising the question of how to visualize random flow variables in a meaningful way. Our approach is to cluster the simulation data by qualitative phenomenon and then to compute average flow quantities within each cluster, a technique we call "clustered ensemble averaging." This tactic extends the basic visualization strategy of extracting features from within a computational domain defined within time and space. The abstract features we seek are defined across the space of all possible simulations: each feature (cluster) is the subspace of simulations that share a basic behavior. We illustrate this technique on data from molecular dynamics simulations of laser-assisted particle removal, where the explosive evaporation of a laser-heated fluid acts on minute particle contaminants on a substrate, sometimes removing them and sometimes failing to do so. We ran the simulation a hundred times, comprising a hundred samples of the simulation space, and clustered each according to the behavior it exhibits. The images that result from clustered ensemble averaging reveal characteristics common to each cluster that are hidden when the average is calculated over all outcomes.


Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin that can be produced by several Fusarium fungi (1,2) and it exists widely in maize, barley, wheat, oats, sorghum and sesame seeds, as well as in hay and corn silage, which are ingredients in many food products for humans or animals (3) . ZEN can be bound to the estrogen receptors (4,5) resulting in a hyperestrogenicity syndrome in several animal species, especially pigs (6) . In addition, ZEN has been shown to be immunotoxic (7) , hepatonephrotoxic (8) and enhancer of lipid peroxidation (9) . Using in vitro approaches, we have investigated the effect of ZEN and its metabolites: alpha zearalenol (a-ZOL) and beta zearalenol (b-ZOL) on a pig epithelial cell line: IPEC-1, in term of cell viability, trans-epithelial electric resistance (TER) and synthesis of some inflammatory cytokines: IL-1 beta; TNF alpha and IL-8. For the viability assays, IPEC-1 cells were cultivated in 96 wells plates and treated or not with 0.1–100 M ZEN and metabolites. The TER and cytokine synthesis assays were performed using cells cultivated in transwell inserts and treated for 9 days with ZEN and metabolites (25 and 50 M). Using an XTT and a neutral red assay we have shown that both ZEN and ZEN metabolites induced a dose dependent decrease of cell viability, with beta-ZOL being the most toxic. The trans-epithelial electric resistance measurement, showed that 25 M of beta ZOL induced a light increase of TER values but no effect was observed for ZEN or alpha ZOL. At 50 M, alpha and beta ZOL induced a time decrease


Distortion of an ionospherie reflected signal received by a bandpass receiver has been studied. The influence of receiver bandwidth upon the envelope of detected signals is also considered.


Regional plan is not only a process of controlling the regional system, but also a process of collecting and dealing with the information. But the information asymmetry increased the information cost, which made the plan always beyond our expectation. In the article, this problem has been analyzed and some solutions have also been come up with.


The task is to use the waste heat of powerful electric transformers for hot water supply in residential and industrial buildings. The high heat of transformers is of low-temperature and therefore requires heaters. The thermal scheme of the hot water supply system with electric transformer and heater - heat pump and electric heater is considered. In the scheme, the heat from the transformer is transmitted to oil, from oil to the heat in the oil-heat exchanger is transferred to water, from water to the evaporator of the heat pump installation (HPI) is transferred to the freon and from the freon to the water of the hot water system is transmitted in the condenser of the HPI. After the HPI condenser, water is heated in the electric heater and is supplied to the consumer. The thermal capacity of the transformer and the temperature of hot water supplied to the consumer are known. The temperature of the water supplied to the heater after the HPI condenser is unknown. According to the criterion of quality of variants with different water temperatures, the total cost of equipment of the scheme of hot water supply system is accepted. The method of determination of the total reduced costs of the hot water supply system with regeneration of waste heat of the transformer is offered. Costs for the hot water supply system are defined as the sum of the costs of heat exchangers, pumps and their consumed electricity, the costs of HPI and consumed electricity of its compressor, the cost of the heater and the consumption of electricity. A computer program for determining the total reduced costs of a hot water supply system with regeneration of the transformer discharge heat has been developed. The results of calculations of the total reduced costs for hot water system options are presented. The variants without HPI with heating of water in the electric heater, with heating of water in HPI and heating it in the electric heater are investigated. The HPI thermal capacities and the compressor drive electrical capacities at different water temperatures from the condensers were determined using the well-known FKW Cycle program. The comparative analysis of the obtained results is performed and it is shown that the cumulative cited costs for the variant of HPI are lower than the cumulative cited costs of the variant without HPI, that the nature of change of the cumulative reduced costs when the temperature of the heated in HPI of water is the same for a wide range of specific costs of HPI and electricity. The lowest total costs shown correspond to the lowest water heating in the HPI and, accordingly, the highest heating in the electric heater.


Stereocomplex-type poly(lactic acid)- [PLA]- based blends were prepared by solution casting of equimolar PLLA/PDLA with different amounts of organo-modified montmorillonite. The homocrystallization and stereocomplexation of PLAs were enhanced by annealing of the blends. The stereocomplexation of PLAs, intercalation of the polymer chains between the silicates layers, and morphological structure of the filled PLAs were analyzed by wide-angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and tensile test were performed to study the thermal and mechanical properties of the blends. The homo- and stereocomplex crystallization of neat PLLA/PDLA were enhanced by annealing. The effect of annealing on the crystallization was emphasized by the addition of clay. With this structural change, thermal stabilities properties were also improved by the addition of clay. The silicate layers of the clay were slightly stacked but intercalated and distributed in the PLA-matrix. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013


Effectiveness of radiation therapy with 6,3 MeV fast neutrons was assessed in patients with locally advanced breast cancer recurrence (T2-4N0-2M0). The 6-year survival rate in patients with no evidence of re-recurrence of breast cancer, who received neutron and combined neutron-photon radiation therapy was significantly higher than that observed in the control group patients who received electron beam therapy (92,2 ± 5,7 % versus 51,5 ± 9,1 %, p = 0,0001). The effect of neutron therapy on normal tissues and various critical organs with respect to the contribution of 6,3 MeV fast neutrons to mixed-beam radiotherapy was studied. No severe radiation-induced complications were found with fast neutron contribution of 50–53 %. Grade I–II radiation-induced damages to skin and pulmonary tissue were the most common adverse effects.


NSHD: The authors are grateful to NSHD study members who took part in the clinic data collection for their continuing support. We thank members of the NSHD scientific and data collection teams at the following centres: MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing; Wellcome Trust (WT) Clinical Research Facility (CRF) Manchester; WTCRF and Medical Physics at the Western General Hospital in Edinburgh; WTCRF and Department of Nuclear Medicine at University Hospital Birmingham; WTCRF and the Department of Nuclear Medicine at University College London Hospital; CRF and the Department of Medical Physics at the University Hospital of Wales; CRF and Twin Research Unit at St Thomas' Hospital London.

ALSPAC: We are extremely grateful to all the families who took part in this study, the midwives for their help in recruiting them, and the whole ALSPAC team, which includes interviewers, computer and laboratory technicians, clerical workers, research scientists, volunteers, managers, receptionists and nurses.

The research was supported by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust and University College London.


This paper is concerned with the multidimensional Cahn–Hilliard equation with a constraint. The existence of periodic solutions of the problem is mainly proved under consideration by the viscosity approach. More precisely, with the help of the subdifferential operator theory and Schauder fixed point theorem, the existence of solutions to the approximation of the original problem is shown, and then the solution is obtained by using a passage‐to‐limit procedure based on a prior estimate. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Midsubstance tears of the cruciate ligament in children are rare, because the ligaments are stronger than the bone and physis. The most common injury that occurs when the cruciate ligaments in children are stressed is avulsion fracture or open physis. We saw two young children with midsubstance tears of the cruciate ligaments which were presentel with a review of the literature.


The active effect of prescription education on strengthening students'endurance capacity is discussed by making a comparative experiment between an experiment class and a comparative class with students'vital capacity and endurance capacity as a test target.The fact that prescription education mode is better than the traditional one is also proved.


This article is a lecture extracted from a chapter in a forthcoming book discussing the nature of concepts. It summarizes the representational theory of mind, which provides the theoretical framework for that discussion and for much contemporary research in cognitive science.


The improvement in nursing routine of premature babies with low and extremely low body weight has increased their survival rate. Along with the growing number of such children, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) occurs relatively less often and its outcome becomes more favorable. Modern approaches to the surgical treatment have led to a significant reduction in the incidence of blindness and visual disability caused by ROP. Yet, ROP remains one of the major issues in neonatal ophthalmology, often associated with refractive disorders.Purpose: to evaluate the refractive changes in children with ROP after transpupillary laser coagulation of the retina based by clinical experience.Materials and methods. We analyzed 5 clinical cases of children with ROP treated in Children's City Clinical Hospital No 1 during the period from 2013 to 2014. All patients underwent retinal transpupillary laser coagulation; its volume determined by the stage of ROP. Eye refraction data were noted at the age of 1 and 7 years. The quality of visual functions and the axial length of the eye were determined at the age of 7.Results. All patients had hyperopia of varying degrees at 1 years old. By the age of 7, one patient developed myopia, another one had emmetropia, while the rest of children had hyperopia of varying degrees. Regardless of the refractive error type, the axial length of the eye remained significantly below the age norm. The low quality of visual functions is due to the lack of full-time optical correction and irregular outpatient observation.Conclusions. Most often, hyperopia refraction in children with ROP is accompanied by a short axial length of the eye. Full-time optical correction should be prescribed, and spectacle wearing should be monitored by parents and ophthalmologists who observe the patients.


The variation of the thermal expansion coefficient of the graphite crystal is derived. According to the theory of temperature with the thermodynamic and statistical physical, the free energy of the graphite crystals is given with the De-Bye Model, and relationship between the thermal expansion coefficient of the graphite crystal and the temperature range is probed. The results are showed: the thermal expansion coefficient is equal to zero if T =0 K or T is on the verge of the 15 K or 42 K; negative if the temperature is in the range of 15 to 42 K; constant if the temperature is higher. The theoretical calculations accord with the experimental results. From this, In the layered crystals the reason that there is the negative expansion is that the statistical weight of the transverse acoustic vibration for the atoms in the plane layer is very large. In some temperature ranges, the variation of distance between atoms in the direction perpendicular to the plane layer with the temperature resulted in by the transverse acoustic vibration reverses with that in the plane layer. Then the film effect is resulted in.


Internal Capital Market plays a very important role in the growth of Chinese enterprise groups. Regulated the operation mechanism of Internal Capital Market,given full play to the advantages of Internal Capital Market,it is not only an important tool to promote enterprise development but also ensure the orderly operation of our national economy.At the same time,the above goals also are promoted by the development of Internal Capital Market theory research.At present,Internal Capital Market theory studies obtained many research results,and also had some deficiencies in the past 20 years.Therefore,in order to explore suitable theory studies direction about Internal Capital Market in China,it is necessary to review and summary these theory research.


Abstract : This thesis examines the nature and provisions of the U.S. FMS/FML ship transfer process under the realm of the Security Assistance program. This topic is particularly timely, since the United States is currently downsizing the Navy, while trying to maintain its world influence and strategic alliances. An effective FMS/FML ship transfer process is paramount to the success of U.S. strategic goals. However, problematic issues concerning effective implementation of the FMS/FML ship transfer processes have been noted in the past. Therefore, extensive research and detailed analysis of the FMS/FML ship transfer process, with respect to the sale/lease of nine former U.S. Knox Class Frigates to Turkey, was conducted to identify problematic issues and develop lessons learned and recommendations for issue resolution. Adopting the recommendations in this thesis should significantly improve the implementation of future FMS/FML ship transfer programs and effectiveness of U.S. arms transfers. Additionally, this thesis will contribute to the knowledge needed by Foreign officers who will work in conjunction with the U.S. officials engaged in the transfers of U.S. Navy ships in the future.


We address the problem of approximating a matrix by the linear combination of a column sparse matrix and a low rank matrix. Two variants of a heuristic search algorithm are described. The first produces an optimal solution but may be slow, as these problems are believed to be NP-hard. The second is much faster, but only guarantees a suboptimal solution. The quality of the approximation and the optimality criterion can be specified in terms of unitarily invariant norms.


In the light of the development goals of automatic data collection in power information collection and management system,measurement abnormity and power quality monitoring,as well as power analysis and demand side management,this paper analyzes the feasibility of the power quality online monitoring method based on the information collection and analysis system,and outlines the comprehensive evaluation method.


Chapter 3 begins with a brief review of previous efforts to measure regimes at the national level and then introduces the study's central concept, dominant-party enclaves, and the measurement strategy the authors employ to capture that concept. The latter focuses on the first transfer of power from incumbent to opposition as the marker for a system's move from single-party dominance toward a multiparty electoral environment. This approach is then applied to the provinces and states of Argentina and Mexico, in which 16 cases of dominant-party enclaves are identified. These cases, home to more than 30 percent of citizens of the two countries, serve as the focus for the remainder of the study. The chapter then concludes with further exploration of the two cases that serve as prototypes for this study of dominant-party enclaves: the province of San Luis in Argentina and the state of Mexico (Edomex) in Mexico.


Breast treatment has evolved rapidly, resulting in over 90% survivals, making breast cancer survivors the largest cancer survivorship group. As a result of common risk factors, the effects of chemotherapy and radiation, and shared genetic and environmental impact on both diseases, a greater risk of cardiovascular disease in these women is observed when compared to the general population. the acute and long-term consequences of cardiac toxicity on treatment risk-tobenefit ratio, survivorship issues, and competing causes of mortality are beginning to be increasingly acknowledged. As reviewed here, there are multiple diagnostic tools, utilizing both imaging and biomarkers, is ideal in accurately detecting subclinical Left ventricular dysfunction induced by cardiotoxic cancer therapy. While advances in imaging technology have allowed for more precise assessment of cardiac function, the results of the present study showed that the Left Ventricular GLS was an excellent predictor of cardiotoxicity in our population, with high efficacy for its early diagnosis. cancer patients have the potential to benefit from earlier detection of cardiotoxicity and intervention, allowing them to potentially continue with lifesaving treatments. The aim of this work is to define Cardiotoxicity of breast cancer therapy clinically and by different imaging modalities.


The tobacco (or cotton, sweetpotato) whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), is a tropical and subtropical pest insect with11-15 generations per year. B. tabaci is primarily a polyphagous species with host range up to 500 species of 74 plant families (Greathead, 1986). Its damage to crops and adaptability to environment are closely related to the differentiation of biotypes. In the southwestern US, the introduced B-biotype displaced the A-type in1991 and caused an estimated loss of 5 millions of dollars per year (Gerling, 2000). Presently, the tobacco whitefly has become an important pest of the agriculture the many countries of the world, including: the U.S., India, Pakistan, Sudan, Israel (Brown, 1995). In China, B. tabaci has been considered as a sporadic pest of cotton for a long term, but its B-biotype has become an important pest in northern China since 2000 due to its serious damages to cotton and vegetables. It is reported that there are significant difference in the development duration, survival, fecundity and longevity of adult among the whiteflies reared on different host plants, such as, cotton, tobacco, lettuce, cucumber, eggplant, squash, broccoli, guar, alfalfa an d carrot (Coudriet, 1985; Moohanty, 1986; Mound, 1963; Tsai, 1996). However, the relationship between Chinese population of Bemisia tabaci and its major host plants has not yet been studied. The present paper is a report of the research results that the effect of several important host plants on the growth, development and reproduction of Bemisia tabaci. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory with Butler's method (Butler, 1983). The adults were blown into cages made of plastic papers with nylon cloth tops (8 cm in diameter by 20 cm long), and placed over different host plant seedlings grown in 60 ml glass bottles. Only a single true leaf was left on the stem of seedlings. The cages were held in the cabinets for 24h under continuous light and a constant temperature of 28℃, then the adults were removed. All the seedlings were then placed in constant temperature cabinets (28℃,LD 14:10).The seedlings leaves were examined and the nymphs were counted daily until adults emerged. The fecundity was determined by collecting adults emerged daily and isolating one pair per cage (previously described). Then leaves were examined every other days and the eggs on it were counted until the adults died. The results showed that there were significant differences in the development duration, survival rate, fecundity and longevity of adult among the whiteflies reared on cotton, tobacco, peanut, soybean and corn. The sizes of nymphs that developed on the peanut and soybean were larger than those reared on cotton, tobacco and corn. The pupal duration that developed on peanut was the longest one, 1.42 times of that on tobacco. The pupae cultured on the hairless leaves, such as cotton, peanut and corn, had smooth margin without bristles on dorsal surface; but those reared on the hairy leaves of tobacco and soybean, had irregular margin with four to seven pairs of bristles on dorsal surface. There were of development durations were significant different in whiteflies fed on different host plants. The developmental times of egg stages on soybean and cotton were longer than those on peanut and corn. The development duration from egg to larval stage while the insects were reared on cotton, soybean, peanut, tobacco and corn were 32.03, 32.11, 25.69, 24.43 and 20.68 d, respectively. The experimental results also indicated that there were significant differences of larval survival rates on several hosts, ranging from 70.62% to 99.44%. It was found that the highest and lowest survival rates in egg and larval stages were respectively 86.86% on peanut and 29.38% on corn. The longevity of adults and the average number of eggs per female on cotton, soybean, peanut , tobacco and corn were 27.8 d and 235.0 eggs, 23.2 d and 191.1 eggs, 22.0 d and 131.1 eggs, 6.25 d and 28.0 eggs, and 2.42 d and 5.1 eggs, respectively. The intrinsic rate of natural


We quantify the impacts of both convective and con -convective weather factors air traffic using metrics based on the 4-component NAS Weather Index (NWX). The adverse impacts of seven weather factors are calculated for over three years of data. The impacts are then broken out by airport, geographic region, and season. The quantitative results highlight extreme values that validate well with common knowledge of NAS beha vior.


The thermal expansion of SnS and SnSe has been studied above room temperature up to the melting point of 1163 ± 5 Κ and 1135 ± 5 K, respectively, by X-ray diffraction techniques using a 190 mm Unicam high temperature camera. The changes of the lattice parameters indicate that the atomic positions in the (010) plane approach a square planar arrangement with increasing temperature. The transformation of SnS and SnSe from orthorhombic to a pseudotetragonal orthorhombic modification with a & c < b is observed at 878 ± 5 Κ and 807 ± 5 K, respectively. The lattice parameters of the high temperature modifications are for SnS a^c = 4.162 ± 0.006 Â, 6 = 11.517 ± 0.015Â at 932K and for SnSe Ö7c = 4.313 ± 0.006 A, b = 11.703 ± 0.015 Â at 820 K. Both compounds maintain this structure type up to the melting points.


Objective: To investigate the effect of curcumin(Cur) on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced microglial activation and the role of Toller Receptor 4(TOLR4) in the effect. Methods: N9 microglia cell line exposed to LPS for 24 h was used to mimic the model of microglial inflammation. ELISA was used to assess the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-6. Phase contrast microscope was used to record the morphology of microglial cells exposed to LPS. Immunocytochemistry and western blot were used to measure the expression of TOLR4. Results: Compared with that in the control, LPS of 100 ng/ml increased the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the supernatant(P0.05), while curcumin of 10 μM decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 markedly(P0.05). In addition, curcumin ameliorated the morphology and decreased the expression of TOLR4 in mi- croglial cells exposed to LPS. Conclusion: Curcumin attenuated microglial activation induced by LPS, and the inhibition of TOLR4 may be associated with the effect.


Composite cobalt‐polymer thin films are created by simultaneous metal sputtering and plasma polymerization of propane. The magnetic properties are investigated as a function of Co volume fraction. At low concentration, Co forms very small isolated clusters (∼10 A) which behave superparamagnetically down to <6 K. At 0.22 ±0.05 Co volume fraction an electrical percolation threshold and a transition to ferromagnetic behavior is observed.