Abstract : The problem in this research was the low student learning outcomes IPS, this happens because the learning process is only centered on the teacher so that trains students to be individual lazy thinking and has a passive nature. Besides the limited learning resources resulted in students learning to become less effective. It is necessary for research to improvements in the learning process through the implementation of cooperative learning model types think pair share. Think Pair Share (TPS) or Couples Sharing Thinking is the kind of cooperative learning are designed to affect the pattern of student interaction (Trianto, 2011). In this strategy, the child will be given a waiting time to think independently, and then discuss with a partner group. In this study, researchers gave the task in the form of worksheets. Forms of research is classroom action research (PTK). The study was conducted in two cycles, each cycle consisting of a double action learning and end of each cycle is given daily tests. Data obtained from the observation of teacher activity using observation sheet teacher activity, student activity observation using observation sheet student activity. and the daily test results of students. Test questions consisted of 20 items shaped objective, assessment refers to the assessment standards Purwanto.Hasil research shows that the average score of students is 70.02 basis increased in the first cycle to 74.80 and then increased again to 80.48 in the second cycle. So the total increase for the action amounted to 21.76%. Activity percentage of teachers in the first cycle was 67.85% increase in cycle II to 85.71%. As well as the activity of the teacher, student activities also increased. In the first cycle the percentage of student activity is 66.67%, then increased to 81.25% in the second cycle. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the implementation of cooperative learning model types think pair share can improve learning outcomes IPS graders Elementary School III.C 164 Pekanbaru Kata Kunci : Coorperative Learning Type Think Pair Share , Student Achivement the Result of IPS Studies


The basic information of Taxus in Yunnan province including species,distribution,amount and artificial cultivation was reviewed.A series of disadvantages in Taxus industry development including low level of industrialization,risk in investment,low technical level,incomplete marketing system and relatively backward policies,were analyzed.The ideas and objectives for future industry development including increase technical input,establish and improve scientific and technological supporting system,integrate related enterprises and reasonably deploy resources,were proposed.


: Tryptophan hydroxylase in the rat pineal gland undergoes diurnal rhythmic activity. Rat pineal glands exhibit increased tryptophan hydroxylase activity when incubated with a cyclic AMP analogue in vitro. Cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase phosphorylates tryptophan hydroxylase, purified from rat brain, without any modification of its enzyme activity under our experimental conditions. Actinomycin O or cydoheximide decreases the stimulating effect of the cyclic AMP analogue on pineal tryptophan hydroxylase activity. Incubation of pineal glands in the presence of [35S]mcthionine showed a cyclic AMP‐induced increase in tryptophan hydroxylase synthesis. These results explain the circadian rhythm of tryptophan hydroxylase activity in the rat pineal gland and suggest that the regulation of tryptophan hydroxylase expression by cyclic AMP occurs probably either at the translational level or via transient expression of a transcriptional regulatory element


Anger, its part in human conduct and in crime commission has been much discussed and accorded a privileged status within the law, while the role of fear has been less considered. Notwithstanding, fear and related emotional states have received some recognition as intrinsic elements of the perpetrator's object integral to the actus reus of certain offences and relevant to the defendant's mens rea of some defences. The harm caused by deliberately or negligently instilling fear in another is inconsistently considered in law as is its impact on criminal responsibility and mens rea. Fear has been recently acknowledged as a permissible cause of loss of self-control in a partial defence to murder (Coroners and Justice Act 2009 s 55(3)). It remains a contested emotion and as with anger the male experience of what circumstances trigger fear predominates.


"Completely revised and updated, Fraud Auditing and Forensic Accounting, Fourth Edition reveals how to develop an investigative eye toward both internal and external fraud and provides crucial information on how to deal with it when discovered. With new chapters on the physiological aspects of the fraudster and on fraud response, as well as new material on non-financial aspects of fraud investigation, body language, discourse analysis, and interviewing techniques, this authoritative, timely book equips auditors, investigators, corporate attorneys, and accountants to identify the signs of financial fraud and successfully investigate it"--


Low-dose (2 at.%) Fe implantation in 6H-SiC (0001), followed by high-temperature annealing, is investigated with the aim of obtaining a diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS). The effects of rapid thermal annealing on the microstructure were examined by atom probe tomography. The study shows the evidence of the formation of nanoclusters after annealing, some of which are magnetic. The structural study is correlated with the magnetic properties in order to determine the optimum conditions for fabricating a DMS.


A high voltage SOI LDMOS with segmented unbalanced super junction (SJ) is proposed for the power integrated circuits. The concentration of p-pillar is higher than that of n-pillar at source SJ, but the concentration of n-pillar is higher at drain SJ. Segmented unbalanced SJ structure improves the lateral electric field distribution while it relieves the substrate-assisted depletion effects, which increases the breakdown voltage (BV) of lateral SJ device. Three-dimensional device simulation results indicate that a BV of 300 V is achieved for the proposed device with drift length of 15μm, compared with 130 V for conventional one and 245 V for the buffered SJ structure.


With the technological innovations, communication has become tremendously fast making the world small. Social media is one such innovation which began ruling the online culture of interaction. Its instantaneous popularity and timeliness is the best way to communicate around the globe. The top social networkingsite, Facebook, has52 lakhs smartphone users in Chennai, which is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. This trend of accessing Facebook via smartphones makes it handy during crisis when there are power disruptions. Unexpected floods occurred in Chennai in November-December 2015 and Chennai was officially declared a disaster city on December 2. The usually busy Chennai city became standstill with the loss of humans and infrastructure. Communication became a major problem with the mobile networks and landlines going for a toss. The then isolated city had all its sources of communication cut, except access to Facebook and mobile. Facebook was an important tool in disseminating information on Chennai floods in 2015. So, it is important to understand how Facebook framed messages during Chennai floods, which helps to understand its role of reinforcing and public perception of it. Through discourse analysis of the most popular posts of #Chennai Micro, an initiative by RJ Balaji and actor Siddharth in Facebook during the time period December 2 to 6, 2015 are studied. This study examines how crisis was framed by media organizations, non-profit organizations, celebrities, RJ Balaji&Siddharth, and individuals to contribute in bringing Chennai back to normal.


This research aims to analyze the development of rural public transport (RPT) services, various problemsfaced by rural community in obtaining these services as well as its effects on mobility. This research wasconducted in the Kulonprogo Regency, Indonesia by carrying out observation and data collection of RPTservice performance in two routes. Community valuation toward public transport services as well as thecharacteristics of their travel was obtained by distributing questionnaires to 150 respondents. Descriptivequalitative analysis is applied to find out the description of RPT service evolved and to analyze its effecton rural mobility. A wide range of recommendations related to public transport services, regulation andpolicy is given to improve rural public transport performance.


Multi-grade schooling has been used in many countries around the globe. It is a cost effective model of schooling especially in rural areas where teacher retention and recruitment is a major problem. The findings of various research studies indicate that multi-grade education is as effective as single-grade schooling in terms of academic achievement and better in terms of social learning. The success of multiage education greatly depends on teaching techniques. Our universities prepare teachers for single-grades. Therefore, teachers in multi-grade settings face many challenges such as inadequate training, social and cultural isolation, instructional, lack of time, lack of community understanding, and rural nature of most of the multi-grade settings. Some of the issues can be overcome through proper pre-service and in-service teacher training. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2015.v5n2p285


Ethyl acetate extract of the stems of Mussaenda erythrophylla ((Rubiaceae) led to the isolation of β-sitosterol, 5 hydroxy-7, 4'-dimethoxy flavones, 3- iso cumaryloxy – cyclopropane-1-oic acid and 4 -hydroxy-3-methoxy cinnamic acid. Their structures were elucidated by IR and NMR spectroscopic method. These compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant


There various factors gives influence in determining the fuselage shapes, such as the payload, cockpit, wing and tail placements or in manner up and down loading the payload for a cargo aircraft. These factors may come up the fuselage is no longer as symmetrical fuselage but represent as a cambered fuselage. As results the lift coefficient as well as its pitching moment coefficient is no longer equal to zero as the angle of attack goes to zero. Basically the manner how to determine the fuselage aerodynamics characteristics for cambered fuselage can be done in similar way as in the case of symmetrical fuselage by simply replacing the angle of attack α term with (α-αL=0), where αL=0 represent the angle of attack at zero lift. The present work use a similar manner in determining the zero lift angle of attack as it had been used in DATCOM software. To investigate the effect of camber on the aerodynamics characteristic fuselage, the present work use a fuselage model with a circular cross section where the location of center of the circle placed along the fuselage's camber line. The fuselage's camber line defined according to the definition of camber line of NACA airfoils. Aerodynamics analysis on over various fuselage models indicate that the maximum camber line thickness and their position give a significant influent to the fuselage aerodynamics characteristics.


In this paper the results of photoluminescence researches devoted to phase transitions in 6H-3C-SiC have been presented. High pure 6H-SiC crystals grown by Tairov's method with and without polytype joint before and after plastic deformation at high temperature annealing were investigated using optical spectroscopy. Low temperature photoluminescence changes in the transition phase of SiC crystal represented with the stalking fault spectra within the temperature range 4.2 to 35 K. The stalking fault spectra indicate formation of metastable nanostructures in SiC crystals (14H1 4334, 10H2 55, 14H2 77). The phononless part of each stalking fault spectrum consists of two components of radiative recombination that are responsible for hexagonal and cubic arrangement of atoms. Each of radiative recombination components in the stalking fault spectrum has the width of entire band 34 meV and shifts relative to each other by 26 meV. The overlap area of those components equals to 8 meV. The super-fine structure of the recombination components in spectrum is observed, and it is related to different Si – Si or C – C and Si – C bonds. Behavior of all the stalking fault spectra is similar (temperature, decay of luminescence). The processes of the phase transition are explained by the mechanism of interfacial rearrangements in the SiC crystals.


Thank you very much for reading narrative matters teaching and learning history through story. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their chosen novels like this narrative matters teaching and learning history through story, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their computer.


The invention provides a method, device and system of channel switch in a communication system supporting carrier aggregation. The method of channel switch includes the steps: a base station in a communication system determines whether carrier units corresponding to one or more to-be-accessed channels belonging to a target base station and selected by a terminal that serves the base station and is used for channel switch are within the same frequency band, packaging configuration information of all channels among the to-be-accessed channels in a switch command used for channel switch if the carrier units are within the same frequency band, packaging configuration information of one or more channels among the to-be-accessed channels in a switch command if the carrier units are not within the same frequency band, and sending the switch command to the target base station. Provided are also a channel switch device in a communication system supporting carrier aggregation, a base station comprising the device, and a communication system comprising the base station.


Currently known methods for high-resolution position acquisition with sinusoidal incremental encoders (i.e. VeCon) always require additional hardware components for counting whole cycles, two AID-converters for quantifying the position within the current cycle and a routine for synchronising both information. The presented method uses only the information of the two AID-converters with a relatively simple procedure. The most important fact is that the position may be calculated even at a rotation speed, where the fundamental frequency of the encoder signals exceeds the sampling frequency by a multiple value, so that the sampling theorem may be violated.
The paper discusses the development of this technique, the implementation of an additional error detection method, a practical application as well as experimental results.


Background: Oximes and nitrofuranyl derivatives are particularly important compounds in medicinal chemistry. Thus, many researchers have been reported to possess antibacterial, antiparasitic, insecticidal and fungicidal activities. Methods: In this work, we report the synthesis and the biological activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV of a series of fifty aryl oximes, ArCH=N-OH, I, and eight nitrofuranyl compounds, 2-nitrofuranyl-X, II. Results: Among the oximes, I: Ar = 2-OH-4-OH, 42, and I: Ar = 5-nitrofuranyl, 46, possessed the best activity at 3.74 and 32.0 µM, respectively. Also, 46, the nitrofuran compounds, II; X = MeO, 55, and II: X = NHCH2Ph, 58, (14.6 and 12.6 µM, respectively), exhibited excellent biological activities and were non-cytotoxic. Conclusion: The compound 55 showed a selectivity index of 9.85. Further antibacterial tests were performed with compound 55 which was inactive against Enterococcus faecalis, Klebisiella pneumonae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhymurium and Shigella flexneri. This study adds important information to the rational design of new lead anti-TB drugs. Structure-activity Relationship (SAR) is reported.


The numerous changes that have been made in the context of an increasingly multicultural and interconnected society such as the present one, have been the source of greater concern regarding the acquisition of those skills that teachers may need throughout their career, focusing on skills related to the effective management of those classrooms with significant ethnic and cultural diversity. That is why, this paper is aimed at analyzing the potential profitability of technological devices in the process of teacher education, emphasizing their potential for creating new spaces of interaction, which, besides enhancing the development of intercultural competences, would allow supporting an education more committed to ensuring equity in the public sphere. Among the conclusions drawn from this study, we should highlight two closely related issues: on the one hand, the importance of implementing new methodological approaches in the initial training of future teachers; and, on the other hand, the need to make progress in the search for new formulas and strategies for continuous professional development which, since the establishment of online cooperative working structures, could promote a stronger connection between schools and teachers.


The article is devoted to the organization of ensuring problem how to obtain the uniformity of measurements at in-teragency testing of new generation of tribodiagnostics of aircraft GTE on the example of the x-ray spectrum analyzers. The article provides a synthesis of the obtained in testing results of measuring the concentration of products of wear pro-cess taking place in working oils, as well as recommendations and conclusions.


We explore two properties of backward orbits under semigroups of holomorphic self-maps in the unit disk. First, we prove that regular backward orbits are quasi-geodesics for the hyperbolic distance of the unit disk. Then, we show that backward orbits satisfy a useful property, this time in Euclidean terms.


The article deals with the differences in the speech behavior of Americans and Ukrainians, namely the reporting of bad news, expressions of sympathy, advice, and prohibition. Language as a social phenomenon reflects the features of social consciousness, cultural, psychological, and value orientations of a particular society. Language constructions leave a certain imprint on the reported information. The choice of construction is predetermined by the nature of the speaker's worldview. American behavior is predicated on the presentation of a positive image of the self to the outside world. The leading characteristics of the American linguocultural space are a straightforward expression of opinions and a tendency towards a positive assessment of all life phenomena. The speech habits of Ukrainians, inherited from Soviet times, on the contrary, reflect a negative way of thinking. The hangover from the Soviet times is a large number of negative constructions. From generation to generation, people have faced a number of restrictions and prohibitions on a daily basis, which have gradually turned into speech clichés. In addition, the Ukrainian culture, in contrast to the American one, is characterized by less straightforwardness in communication. The examples given in the article illustrate the need to adapt the translation to the cultural norms of another language.


Two main obstacles for observing quantum advantage in noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers (NISQ) are the finite precision effects due to control errors, or disorders, and decoherence effects due to thermal fluctuations. It has been shown that dissipative quantum computation is possible in presence of an idealized fully-engineered bath. However, it is not clear, in general, what performance can be achieved by NISQ when internal bath degrees of freedom are not controllable. In this work, we consider the task of quantum search of a marked node on a complete graph of $n$ nodes in the presence of both static disorder and non-zero coupling to an environment. We show that, given fixed and finite levels of disorder and thermal fluctuations, there is an optimal range of bath temperatures that can significantly improve the success probability of the algorithm. Remarkably for a fixed disorder strength $\sigma$, the system relaxation time decreases for higher temperatures within a robust range of parameters. In particular, we demonstrate that for strong disorder, the presence of a thermal bath increases the success probability from $1/(n \sigma^2)$ to at least $1/2$. While the asymptotic running time is approximately maintained, the need to repeat the algorithm many times and issues associated with unitary over-rotations can be avoided as the system relaxes to an absorbing steady state. Furthermore, we discuss for what regimes of disorder and bath parameters quantum speedup is possible and mention conditions for which similar phenomena can be observed in more general families of graphs. Our work highlights that in the presence of static disorder, even non-engineered environmental interactions can be beneficial for a quantum algorithm.


Metalens research has made major advances in recent years. These advances rely on the simple design principle of arranging meta‐atoms in regular arrays to create an arbitrary phase and polarization profile. Unfortunately, the concept of equally spaced meta‐atoms reaches its limit for high deflection angles where the deflection efficiency decreases. The efficiency can be increased using nano‐antennas with multiple elements, but their polarization sensitivity hinders their application in metalenses. Here, it is shown that by designing polarization‐insensitive dimer nano‐antennas and abandoning the principle of equally spaced unit cells, polarization‐insensitive ultrahigh numerical aperture (NA = 1.48) oil‐immersion operation with an efficiency of 42% can be demonstrated. This represents a significant improvement on other polarization‐insensitive designs at visible wavelength. This single layer metalens is used to replace a conventional objective lens and demonstrates the confocal scanning microscopic imaging of a grating with a period of 300 nm at 532 nm operating wavelength. Overall, the results experimentally demonstrate a novel design concept that further improves metalens performance.


Given article is devoted disclosing of defining factors of the majority of the integration processes, concerning spheres of globalization of an ecological policy. Stages of formation of the international ecological policy, a direction, forms and principles of the international cooperation in ecology sphere, the international agreements in the field of preservation of the environment, concern them first of all.


With the introduction of arithmetic as a compulsory part of the elementary school curriculum in late eighteenth‐ and early nineteenth‐century Germany, textbooks and pedagogical methods were wanted. Relying on the traditions of the Rechenbücher and informed by the demand for method found in Wolffian style advanced textbooks, the first generation of elementary school reformers (1770–1800) rewrote and re‐ordered these texts to that end. In the second wave of reforms (1800–1815), these re‐orderings became more extreme, though better adapted to the existing school situation. Through textbook analyses not only does this evolution become apparent, but also many contextual factors as well as a major shift in dispositives, namely the concept of arithmetic (as opposed to utilitarian reckoning) as a general discipline for training the mind. Studying these discursive variations in textbooks and their communicative embedding in the classroom contributes to our understanding of the role, origin and function of numeracy, the culturally specific practices of recording and manipulating numbers, in modern history.


Abstract At birth the visual system can detect only big objects that are high in contrast. The adult visual system can resolve, with high precision, small objects that are in low contrast. We present a series of studies that provide insight into the role of visual input in the development of the neural architecture underlying human spatial vision. We conclude that the limits to spatial vision during normal development appear to result primarily from retinal immaturities. However, in the absence of early visual experience, the limits to spatial vision appear to be mainly cortical in origin. The early visual input--from the low spatial frequencies to which the infant's vision is known to be limited--sets up the neural architecture that will eventually become fine-tuned to high spatial frequencies. Introduction Spatial vision is the aspect of visual processing that enables us to detect and perceive objects, patterns, and textures of different sizes against a background. Two main factors constrain the resolution of our spatial vision. First, the size of objects limits their detectability. That is, the smaller an object is, the more difficult it is to detect. For example, it is easier to detect the full moon in the sky than it is to detect the small adjacent stars. The second factor limiting spatial vision is contrast, the difference in luminance between objects and their background. High contrast objects are easier to detect than low contrast objects. For example, it is easier to detect the full moon that is bright, against the dark sky than it is to detect the new moon that is dark, against an equally dark sky. The minimum amount of contrast necessary to resolve an object varies with the size of the object. The human visual system is composed of overlapping spatial filters tuned to different bands of spatial frequency1. The spatial contrast sensitivity function provides a detailed characterization of the limits of spatial vision and its underlying spatial filters. Spatial contrast sensitivity is an index of the minimum amount of contrast required for one to detect sinusoidal gratings ranging from very low to very high spatial frequencies. The spatial contrast sensitivity function of an adult is characterized by a peak of sensitivity at around 3 – 5 cycles per degree (cpd), with a sharp decline in contrast sensitivity at higher spatial frequencies and a gradual drop in contrast sensitivity at lower spatial frequencies. A typical function for normal adults is shown by the upper curve in Figure 1. To gain insight into the origins of the spatial filters underlying human spatial vision, the present report reviews a series of studies from our and other labs that investigated the influence of visual input on development of spatial contrast sensitivity. Specifically we document the final development of spatial contrast sensitivity during childhood, we describe the effects of monocular and binocular deprivation during early childhood on subsequent spatial contrast sensitivity, and we examine how the early deprivation affects the tuning of the spatial filters by visual input later during childhood.


Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is an important grass species worldwide, and the temperature stresses severely affect its distribution and yield. Transcription factors (TFs) as the master switches in sophisticated regulatory networks play essential roles in plant growth development and abiotic stress responses. In this study, we identified 877 TF genes belonging to 35 families in tall fescue under heat stress (40 ℃), cold stress (-10 ℃) and control (22 ℃) conditions. Of them, 784 differentially expressed genes were screened and classified to 33 families, such as bHLH, AP2/ERF, MYB, WRKY, NAC, bZIP, GTF, HD-ZIP, HSF etc. Among them, the expressions of bZIP and GTF family members were up-regulated mainly exposed to both heat and cold, but conversely the most members of WRKY and NAC families were reduced. Upon heat, HSF, GTE families and DREB2Bs were mainly up-regulated. Otherwise, bHLH, MYB, HD-ZIP and ERF families holistically were elevated under cold stress. Function richment analysis indicated that the TFs were involved in the pathways of "Plant hormone signal transduction", "Plant-pathogen interaction", "Circadian rhythm", etc. It showed these pathways were relevant to responding temperature stress. In the main, the temperature threats up-regulated the expressions of the stress tolerance-related genes, whereas down-regulated those genes associated with growth and disease resistance. The results exhibited that the expressions of a slew of TF genes were significantly altered by heat and cold stresses, and different TF families have commonalities and differences in response to the threats, indicating that TFs exert the crucial roles in plant adaption to adverse environment. This study profiled the response pattern of TFs to heat and cold conditions, partially explained the adaptation mechanism of cold-season forages to temperature stress, and screened plenty of candidate stress-tolerant TF genes.


The goal of this article is justification of transformation of financial behaviour of households within the proposed periodisation of formation and development of the economic system and financial markets of Ukraine. The article conducts analysis of existing periodisations of the national financial market, reveals their advantages and disadvantages and offers own periodisation of establishment and development of the market of financial services. In the process of the study the article proves that changes that take place in the economy directly influence mentality and financial behaviour of households. Deliberate, active or inertial behaviour of households, in its turn, forms both increase and reduction of market demand on several financial services. Prospective directions of further studies are development of indicators of financial behaviour of households under modern conditions and construction of models that would allow formation of behavioural clusters. To do this it is necessary to analyse foreign experience of management of financial potential of households with the aim to detect existing mechanisms of activation of their financial activity and to develop new effective ones.


Nowadays, the applications of metal matrix composites are tremendously increasing in engineering fields. Consequently, the demand for precise machining of composites has also grown enormously. The purpose of this paper is to reduce production cost and simultaneously improve desired product quality through optimal parameter setting using WASPAS and MOORA.,Metal matrix composites were fabricated using stir casting process, with aluminum 6063 as matrix and titanium carbide as reinforcement. Fabricated composite samples were machined on medium duty lathe using cemented carbide tool. All the experiments were carried out based on Box–Behnken design. Comparison of multi objective optimization based on ratio analysis and weighted aggregated sum product assessment in optimizing four parameters, namely, "cutting speed," "feed rate," "depth of cut" and "reinforcement weight percent of composite samples"; evaluating their influence on material removal rate, cutting force and surface roughness were carried out.,The output achieved by both MOORA and WASPAS are in similar MCDM) techniques in the selection of machining parameters.,The results obtained in the present paper will be helpful for decision makers in manufacturing industries, who work in metal cutting area, to select the suitable levels for the parameters by implementing the MCDM techniques.,The novelty of this paper is making an attempt to select better MCDM technique based on the comparison of results obtained for the individual technique.


The defect structure of radiation damage due to irradiation of Ar+ ions and the regrowth of LiTaO3 single crystal has been studied using Rutherford backscattering-channeling, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, optical transmittance, and surface profilometer. The irradiation were carried out at 77 K with 217 keV Ar+ ions to various doses between 3×1013 and 6×1015 Ar+/cm2. Postannealing was performed in dry O2 ambient at temperatures from 648 to 823 K, which are below Curie temperature (878 K). The optical measurement showed that the as-irradiated samples are as transparent as the unirradiated sample, indicating that the radiation-induced point defects are highly mobile even at 77 K. However, the long-range migration of oxygen interstitials were suppressed at 77 K. Volumetric expansion occurred when irradiation doses exceeded 1.25×1014 Ar+/cm2. Collective lattice distortion was observed in the sample that had received a dose of 1.5×1014 Ar+/cm2. This study shows that both disorder overlapping...


BGA Rework is now largely mature, although new supplemental processes that provide improved process control such as Solder Paste Dipping and Non-Contact Site Cleaning can now be integrated into existing processes if the rework technology that is used allows. So what are the next set of challenges that will need to be addressed in regard to Area Array and SMT Rework? The International Electronics Manufacturing Initiative or iNEMI has recently published its 2013 Technology Roadmap for the global electronics industry which includes a section dedicated specifically to rework and repair. Of particular interest and importance is iNEMI's gap analysis which identifies future specific gaps and challenges that will result from such factors as government regulations, disruptive technologies and new product requirements. This paper will review five of the key rework gaps and challenges identified by iNEMI including: 1) Reworking very large, next generation area arrays on large high thermal mass assemblies. 2) Development of hand soldering processes for reworking 01005 components. 3) Development of industry-standardized processes for reworking Package-on-Package (PoP) devices. 4) Development of industry-standardized processes for reworking Quad Flat, No Lead (QFN) devices. 5) Development of site redressing processes that prevent lifted pads, solder mask damage and copper dissolution


The development of an automated crystal orientation mapping tool attached to a transmission electron microscope is described. The electron beam displacement is controlled by a remote computer while thousands of diffraction patterns are recorded with an external CCD camera and analysed with a dedicated software. The work being mainly concerned with severely deformed metals, spot patterns rather that Kikuchi lines are considered in this approach. The capabilities and the sensitivity of template matching techniques for orientation identification are stressed. To precisely locate the scanned area on TEM pictures, a pseudo‐bright field image reconstruction procedure is proposed. A simple procedure to eliminate some orientation ambiguities is described.


ABSTRACT The study investigated whether students would prefer mobile instant messaging versus in-person enquiries for reference queries post-COVID-19. A descriptive survey research design was utilized in the study. The population consisted of 245 Adeleke University undergraduates that partook in library orientation programme. A descriptive statistic was employed to analyze the data. Findings indicated that the most preferred mobile instant messaging for reference queries by students are WhatsApp, Instagram, Telegram, default text messenger and Facebook Messenger. However, the most significant problem of using mobile instant messaging for reference queries were discovered to be internet access issues. The study concluded that Adeleke University undergraduate students prefer to utilize mobile instant messaging to make reference queries rather than in-person reference queries post-COVID-19, hence reference librarians should enhance their use of mobile instant messaging to receive reference queries.


9 THE UNITED NATIONS DEFINES money laundering as "any act or attempt to act to disguise the source of money or assets derived from criminal activity." Essentially, money laundering is the process whereby "dirty money" produced through criminal activity is transformed into "clean money," that is, money where it is difficult or impossible to trace the criminal origin. As dirty money is constantly being introduced into the financial system, money is constantly being laundered. There are three recognized stages in the money laundering process:


The factors which affected the determination results of petroleum product was analyzed.It was pointed out that the determination results would be ensured when the method was strictly according.


The importance of lone star ticks (Amblyomma americanum) in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawn mortality was studied at the Cookson Hills Wildlife Refuge of eastern Oklahoma during June and July, 1968-69. At the time of this study, there was an estimated deer population of 900 animals on the 14,000-acre refuge. Of 18 fawns less than 6 weeks old captured during 1968, 17 percent had gross tissue damage around the eyes and head, were totally blind, and would obviously have died. Projected losses during 1968 were 34 percent. Radio-transmitters attached to 11 newborn fawns during 1969 aided in demonstrating tick-induced losses. The cause of death in 4 fawns was shown to be tissue destruction associated with tick feeding and secondary infection. The white-tailed deer is known to host at least 43 arthropod parasites (Anderson 1962). Of these only the primary screwworm, Callitroga hominivorax, has previously received attention as being instrumental in causing mortality not in consort with some other factor or factors (for example, malnutrition). After the present study was initiated during 1968, it became evident that the lone star tick played a very important role in white-tailed deer fawn mortality in eastern Oklahoma. Other states seem to have experienced similar fawn losses and most can be attributed to, or associated with lone star tick infestations about the head and eyes of young deer (Louisiana: Burns, E. C. 1968; Texas: Cottam, C. H. 1969; South Carolina: Eleazer, T. H. 1969; and Kentucky: Roughton, R. D. 1969, personal communications). Cottam (1969, personal communication) assumed that the Texas losses were associated with malnutrition, but indicated that many fawns supported numerous ticks around the eyes and suffered from eye disorders. 1 Acarina: Ixodidae. 2Supported in part by the USDA as Grant #12-14-100-9915(33). 546 Considering the etiology and magnitude of lone star tick infestations in eastern Oklahoma, it seems logical that fawn losses could occur without secondary factors such as malnutrition playing a major role. Several excellent papers have been written recently concerning the feeding processes of ticks and host reaction to these feeding processes. Lesions consisting of cavities measuring up to 1.75 mm in depth by 1.4 mm in width, surrounded heavily by infiltrated collagen occurred on zebu (Bos indicus) hosts infested with Boophilus microplus adults (Tatchell and Moorhouse 1968:449). Arthur (1965) believed that the feeding lesions produced by ticks resulted from extra-oral digestion through the action of cytolysins present in their salivary secretions. However, Tatchell and Moorhouse (1968) suggested that specific vascular damage results from the saliva of the tick while tissue damage is caused by host response. Gregson (1967:3) found that a hemorrhagic area 1-4 mm in diameter frequently occurred after 1/2-5/2 hours of feeding on a hamster pouch by Dermacentor andersoni. In 1937, Gregson noted that This content downloaded from 188.8.131.52 on Mon, 18 Jul 2016 03:58:17 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms TICK-INDUCED FAWN LOSSES * Bolte et al. 547 ticks produced an acute inflammation in the underlying dermal tissues, causing intense leucocytosis with hemorrhagic areas extending much deeper than the ticks' mouth parts. He believed that a necrotizing agent, as well as a mild anticoagulant, was associated with the feeding process of ticks (Gregson 1960, Gregson, personal communication 1969). In contrast to feeding lesions produced by Boophilus and Dermacentor aforementioned, Tatchell (1969) and Moorhouse (1969) believed that the long mouthparts of Amblyomma, Hyalomma, and Aponomma ticks are fully inserted into the host tissues and superficial cement is minimal. Furthermore, tick genera with long mouthparts are more secure laterally, and any vigorous tissue destruction by salivary enzymes (proteolytic or cytolytic) will take place below the region of anchorage. Until this study began in the spring of 1968, Carlile (Personal communication) postulated that approximately 20 percent of the fawns of eastern Oklahoma were lost due to tick infestations. The initial objectives of this study were to: (1) investigate the nature of tick-associated fawn losses; (2) determine the initial loss of newborn fawns due to tick infestations; (3) determine the tick load of all fawns collected and to attempt to correlate parasite load with blood readings, that is, pac-cell-volume (P.C.V.) and hemoglobin (Hgb.) while trying to determine thriftiness and general condition; and (4) ascertain the tick load necessary to produce debilitating effects and/or death in young fawns. MATERIALS AND METHODS In preliminary studies during June and July, 1968, 18 fawns ranging from several days to 6 weeks old were collected in meadows of the Cookson Hills Wildlife Refuge, Cherokee County, Oklahoma. Various methods of capturing were used, but most were caught with the aid of an 8-ft2 mesh "throw net" with lead weights around the margin or a 4-ft-high commercial fish webbing (Nylon Net Co., P. 0. Box 592, Memphis, Tennessee) held upright by hand. Once a fawn was located by horseback riders or men on foot examining meadows, their margins, or hedgerows an attempt was made to throw the hand net over the animal, or if it took flight, direct it into the fish-net webbing. Fawns collected, which had a sex ratio of approximately 1:1, were examined for lone star ticks and other ectoparasites. Notes were made on the approximate number of ticks present, the general appearance of the fawn and any abnormalities observed. Duplicate blood samples were taken and P.C.V. and Hgb. were determined through the use of an International Model MB Microcapillary Centrifuge and the AO Spencer Hb-meter. For second-year studies conducted during June-July, 1969, a 4-ft-high net was fabricated from No. 139 gill netting and strengthened on the edges by No. 15 Delta seine twine (Nylon Net Co.). Field use of the 1/2-mile-long net was facilitated by a homemade metal spool. The spool of net was mounted in the back of a pickup, reeled out, and suspended on 3/6-inch x 5-ft steel rods around meadow perimeters. Horseback riders and persons afoot then directed fawns into the net for capture. Notes, including photographs, were taken on 15 fawns (9 male and 6 female) collected during June, 1969. Eleven of these fawns caught between June 1-13, were equipped with transmitters. Four fawns, hand caught in the field between June 17-30, were not instrumented because of their weakened


Anticoagulation therapy with warfarin is not indicated for use in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation who are at low risk for embolic cerebral vascular events. The classification of "low risk for embolic stroke" is defined as a 1 percent annual risk for stroke or lone atrial fibrillation (i.e., age younger than 65 years without history of hypertension, transient ischemic attack, stroke, coronary heart disease, recent congestive heart failure, or diabetes).


The higher vocational education has become a significant part of education system in China,but it hasn't found its own way of managing model and payment system.It is an important work at present for vocational college to face up to the specific characteristics of vocational colleges,study and take examples from the PRP system in US universities,and design a performance assessment system to stimulate the faculty based on their job descriptions.


The success of a company depends on its employees; therefore, the company must keep the employee performance in order to remain at their best. Leadership, motivation and training can affect the performance of the employees; when employees are treated fairly and their needs are met, they will show their best for the company through improved performance. The purpose of this research is: (1) to analyse the role of leadership on employee performance; (2) to analyse the role of motivation on employee performance; (3) to analyse the role of training on employee performance; (4) to analyze the leadership role on employee motivation; (5) to analyse the role of training on employee motivation. This research employed quantitative research design and involved 142 employees as respondents. The analysis technique used in this study was Shem (Structural Modelling Equatuion) using LISREL (Linear Structural Relationship) software version 8.3. The results of this research show that the dimensions of leadership, motivation and training have a positive influence on employee performance. Furthermore, dimensions of leadership and training have a positive influence on employee motivation.


This study aims to carry out the factors affecting students' academic performance of senior high school (SHS) graduates, Alternative Learning System (ALS) completers and life-long learners enrolled at a State University, Philippines during the academic year 2019-2020. 310 freshmen from the different academic programs were asked to self-evaluate their study habits, personal condition and attitudes towards school and make personal assessment on the impact of home environment, school environment and lecturer/instructor to their academic performance. Furthermore, their academic performance was measured based on their first semester GPA. Attitude is a significant factor for some students (but not all who are under study) that affects their performance; study habits and personal condition are not an important variable in this situation. However, students should be encouraged to develop effective study habits as some experts have discovered; neglecting to do so might lead to poor academic achievement. Furthermore, it appears that some factors, which are not limited by personal background, may influence habits, and as a result, negatively or favorably effect academic achievement. External factors such as family, school and instructors had no meaningful correlation with the respondents' academic achievement.


This article reveals the essence of the concept of "pheromones" and their biological significance. In the article variants of their application in agriculture for struggle against insects-pests are presented. The definition of term and classification of pheromones and their types are given: feromons of insects, feromons of fish, feromons of vertebrates, feromons of humans, fermons of plants, sexual feromons, anxiety feromons, trace feromons, epidemic feromons and their functions and significance for the representative's organism and the environment as a whole


This study aims to measure social services deprivation experienced by Malaysian poor children. Social services are among the basic needs that are required for the prosperity and development of children. Living in poverty makes children vulnerable to social services deprivation due to family economic conditions. Malaysians still do not have a comprehensive index and indicator on social services deprivation. Comprehensive index and indicator needed to improve existing child social services delivery and social welfare system in Malaysia. This quantitative study involved 360 children from low-income families who reside in Kelantan, Kuala Lumpur, and Selangor. The percentage was used as a scale to determine the level of social services deprivation. The findings imply that children who participated in this study experienced moderate and low levels of social services deprivation. The results of this study were used to formulate intervention programs to reduce the social services deprivation of Malaysian poor children. The government and child social services providers can use this input as a guidance to improve existing social services programs for children. The inputs from this study also can be used to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and National Social Policy.


This paper studies the derivation of the quadratic porous medium equation and a class of cross-diffusion systems from nonlocal interactions. We prove convergence of solutions of a nonlocal interaction equation, resp. system, to solutions of the quadratic porous medium equation, resp. cross-diffusion system, in the limit of a localising interaction kernel. The analysis is carried out at the level of the (nonlocal) partial differential equations and we use gradient flow techniques to derive bounds on energy, second order moments, and logarithmic entropy. The dissipation of the latter yields sufficient regularity to obtain compactness results and pass to the limit in the localised convolutions. The strategy we propose relies on a discretisation scheme, which can be slightly modified in order to extend our result to PDEs without gradient flow structure. In particular, it does not require convexity of the associated energies. Our analysis allows to treat the case of limiting weak solutions of the non-viscous porous medium equation at relevant low regularity, assuming the initial value to have finite energy and entropy.


| The current study was applied to investigate E. coli and Staph. aureus counts as well as serodiagnosis of E. coli , Salmonellae isolates and determination of enterotoxin production by Staph. aureus in 100 random local and imported fresh beef samples, from different slaughterhouses at Cairo and Giza Governorates. Staph. aureus was isolated from 22(44%) and 20 (40%) of examined local and imported meat samples respectively. E. coli was found in 40 (80%) and 34(68%) in examined local and imported meat samples, respectively. Staph. aureus enterotoxin types (A & D) were detected in two strains out of 5 randomly selected isolates from local meat only (20% of each). E. coli , one strain (20%) was isolated from fresh local meat; and classified as Enteropathogenic (EPEC), while two strains (40%) were Enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) "O111:H2", one strain (20%) was Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) "O15:H4". On the other hand, one strain of E. coli (20%) isolated from imported meat was classified as Enteropathogenic (EPEC) and its serodiagnosis was O128:H2, while one strains (20%) was Enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) "O26:H11" which harbored both ( stx1 and stx2 ) genes and finally, the 3 rd strain (20%) was Enteroinvasive (EIEC) "O159". Meanwhile, Salmonella spp . was isolated from two samples (4%) of examined local meat; one strain was identified as S. Montevideo of Group "C1" with antigenic structure (O6,7,14:H g,m,s:1,2,7) and the 2nd strain was S. enteritidis of group "D1" (O: 1,9,12:H g,m). While, imported meat recorded 1 strain (2%) of S. Typhimurium of group "B" (O:1,4,5,12 H: i:1,2). A concerted effort, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) should be made to improve sanitary condition to mitigate bacterial contamination in slaughterhouses.


We present a computational method for quasi 3D unsteady flows of thin liquid films on a solid substrate. This method includes surface tension as well as gravity forces in order to model realistically the spreading on an arbitrarily inclined substrate. The method uses a positivity preserving scheme to avoid possible negative values of the fluid thickness near the fronts. The "contact line paradox," i.e., the infinite stress at the contact line, is avoided by using the precursor film model which also allows for approaching problems that involve topological changes. After validating the numerical code on problems for which the analytical solutions are known, we present results of fully nonlinear time-dependent simulations of merging liquid drops using both uniform and nonuniform computational grids.


For multi-grade chemical processes, current data-driven soft sensor models built in a specific operating condition cannot be directly applied to predict product qualities of other conditions. A simple transfer learning method namely domain adaptation extreme learning machine (DAELM) is presented to construct a soft sensor model in multi-grade processes with limited labeled data. In addition, an effective strategy is developed to fast select the model parameters. By exploring and utilizing useful information from different operating conditions, the prediction accuracy can be improved. Compared with traditional soft sensors, the prediction results of two multi-grade chemical processes validate the advantages of DAELM.


Consumers in the EU have a discretionary withdrawal right for online transactions. For 14 days (or longer, if they have not been properly informed of this right), they can cancel the contract and claim a refund. This right is generally mandatory and can only be contractually waived in advance in contracts for the provision of digital content. German courts have handed down a series of judgments confirming that virtual in-game currency qualifies as digital content for the purpose of this exception and clarifying the conditions under which such waivers can be obtained. Most decisions indicate waiver language can be integrated into the purchase flow prior to the final purchase decision, with some courts requiring a separate checkbox. One decision would force providers to implement separate consent mechanisms after the consumer has made the purchase but before the virtual currency is made available to them. In any event, implementing the requirements set out by German courts also requires the cooperation of distribution platforms.


The radiation pattern of an antenna array depends s trongly on the weighting method and the geometry of the array. Selection of the weights has received extensive attention, primarily because the radiation pattern is a linear function of the weights. However, the array geometry has received relatively little attention even though it also strongly influences the radiation pattern. The reason for this is primarily due to the complex way in which the geometry affects the radiation pattern. The main goal of this paper is t o determine methods of optimizing array geometries in antenna arrays. An adaptive array wit h the goal of suppressing interference is investigated. It is shown that the interference rej ection capabilities of the antenna array depend upon its geometry. Side-lobe level is an important metric used in antenna arrays, and depends on the weights and positions in the array. A method of determining optimal side-lobe minimizing weights is derived that holds for any linear array geometry, beam-width, antenna type and scan


This study investigated the assessment of students' performance in Senior School Certificate (SSC) multiple-choice test in biology. The survey research design was employed for the study. Sample for the study consisted of 1450 Senior Secondary Three (SSIII) students drawn from 20 randomly selected secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The instruments used for the study were 2008 SSC National Examination Council (NECO) multiplechoice Biology test paper. Findings from the study showed that significant different existed between students' performance in NECO SSCE multiple choice test in biology on the basis of senatorial districts(F = 55.556, P<0.05), school location (t = 6.89, P<0.05),; gender(t = 5.03, P<0.05), and school type (F = 75.126, P<0.05). Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that Government and other stakeholders in education should equip rural schools with facilities that are available in urban schools to improve students' performance in Biology in rural schools.


FERMI (formely GLAST) will shortly provide crucial information on relativistic particles in galaxy clusters. We discuss non thermal emission in the context of general calculations in which relativistic particles (protons and secondary electrons due to proton‐proton collisions) interact with MHD turbulence generated in the cluster volume during cluster mergers. Diffuse cluster‐scale radio emission (Radio Halos) and hard X‐rays are produced during massive mergers while gamma ray emission, at some level, is expected to be common in galaxy clusters.


The supervision on the coin production in the Republic of the Seven United Provinces and the supply of the smallest denominations (copper duits and silver 1 stuiver) in the province of Holland and West-Friesland in the 18th Century. With information on all the functions involved, illustrated by the official instructions issued by the States-General


The integral heats of solution, ΔHs, of Bu4NBr in water, determined from 45 to 75°C, have been combined with integral heats of solution from 3 to 35°C reported earlier to derive excess partial molal heat capacities, text-decoration:overlineC°pE, of Bu4NBr in water from 4 to 70°C. text-decoration:overlineC°pE decreases from 4 to 25° but remains unchanged from 25° to 70°C. The temperature dependence of text-decoration:overlineC°pE for Bu4NBr in water is discussed in terms of the structural changes occurring in solution. Comparison of the temperature dependence of text-decoration:overlineC°pE for aqueous solutions of Bu4NBr with that for aqueous solutions of NaBPh4 shows that non-polar groups of aliphatic hydrocarbons affect water structure differently from those of aromatic hydrocarbons. An attempt has been made of explain this difference.


THE measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important part of the complete ophthalmic examination and is particularly applicable in the diagnosis and management of uveitis and glaucoma. The normal range of IOP is fairly well conserved among species; it generally ranges between 10 and 25 mmHg and the difference between normal fellow eyes should be no more than 5 mmHg. IOP is influenced by numerous factors other than ocular pathology including age, sex, time of day, season and restraint. Restraint is particularly important when measuring IOP as head and body position, as well as eyelid and jugular vein manipulation, can cause a marked, and often alarming, elevation in the IOP reading obtained (Komaromy and others 2006, Broadwater and others 2008, Klein and others 2011).

In veterinary patients, tonometry is usually performed using digital, indentation, applanation or rebound techniques. In digital tonometry, the index finger is placed on the upper eyelid of the closed eye and the globe is palpated. This method of tonometry is not very sensitive but can help distinguish between a relatively 'soft' and 'hard' eye.

The Schiotz tonometer was introduced in 1905 and soon became, and remains, …


Summary The effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelin-3 (ET-3) were investigated on carbachol-contracted guinea-pig trachea. ET-1 and ET-3 induced a dose-dependent relaxation of the precontracted preparations. ET-1-induced relaxation was attenuated by hemoglobin and methylene blue. By contrast, ET-3-induced relaxation was not affected by hemoglobin or methylene blue. The large conductance Ca2 +-activated K +-channel blocker charybdotoxin antagonized ET-1− and ET-3-induced relaxations. These results show that charybdo-toxin-sensitive K+ channels are involved in both ET-1 and ET-3 relaxant activities, whereas the nitric oxide pathway is involved only in ET-1 relaxant effects.


—The current generation of students is keen on playing video games across platforms such as smartphones, personal computers, or other devices. Teachers could take advantage of their enthusiasm for gaming by integrating learning with games played in the classroom or at home. Most students in Indonesia do not consider English as a foreign language important or challenging. There is a marked difference in learning English at school and self-learning: a student must study specific materials by a certain grade at school; however, students can self-learn from discrete types of exposure. Very few students engage in self-learning or know that they must master English. This study examined whether the integration of video games to English classes would motivate students to learn. The experiment focused on enhancing the motivation of students to read English text. Data were collected through a mixed method. Besides collecting pre- and post- tests, the researcher also administered a questionnaire to the students who performed best in the post-test. The t-test calculation performed on the obtained results revealed only a slight increase in the motivation of participating students. The outcomes of the analysis of the questionnaire divulged that the game's visualization helped students who performed best to understand English better and that these learners were incentivized to improve their English by doing what they love.


We come back to the problem of classification of vector bundles over a given basis space. In any branches of mathematics, there is always a guiding problem. Interestingly, classification is always a guiding problem in geometry. An easy way to solve such a problem is to find a very good invariant that can distinguish everything up to some condition. Examples are cardinality in set theory. However, other invariants, like homology, cohomology, homotopy group in topology, Gromov-Witten invariants, Donaldson-Thomas invariants in algebraic geometry, can only partially solve the problem. As we are working on algebraic topology, a natural idea comes out of head is using homology/cohomology. One step further, we would like to consider some particular cohomological classes associated to the vector bundle. Historically, the first characteristic classes was proposed by Hopf, Stiefel and Whitney (and if you are born early enough, you might meet the first two professors somewhere in ETH...), but the idea of characteristic class can date back to Schubert Calculus and Italian School of Algebraic Geometry. Loosely speaking, characteristic class is just to measure how a vector bundle is twisted. To classify a vector bundle, let's first recall theorem 1.16 in [2].


This paper introduces the method of indicati ng value testing for the small volume tube flow standard device, and based on it s testing data, makes analysis and research on the standardizing method of the v olume tube, the results of which show that the standard value obtained from the small flow can be used in the big flow agreeing the requirement of the accuracy.


Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) are blood borne viruses that can cause chronic liver disease leading to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). More than 2 billion people have been infected with HBV with over 350 million being chronic carriers. About 3% of the world's population is infected with HCV with about 170 million being chronic carriers. Co-infections of both HBV and HCV with HIV occur regularly due to shared transmission routes. Co-infections with HIV impact on the natural history, progression and diagnosis of hepatitis as well as morbidity and mortality of those infected. Distribution patterns continue to vary across different geographic regions
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV co-infections among HIV patients attending The Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya.
Ethical approval was obtained from the Moi Teaching and Referral hospital Ethical committee. 5ml of blood was obtained by venipuncture afrom consenting volunteers and screened with the ELISA tests for detecting HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0.
From a total of 124 subjects, fifty three (42.28%) were male and 71 (57.72%) were female. Seven (5.7%) had HIV/HBV co-infections while two (1.6%) had HIV/HCV co-infections. Five (7.0%) females and two (3.8%) males had HIV/HBV co infections. One male (1.9%) and one female (1.4%) had HIV/HCV co infections.
There were no triple viral co-infections. Although the HBV and HCV co-infections with HIV were reported to be low among the baseline population, the prevalence rates may be higher among the patients who have been infected with HIV.


This special issue covers actual and future trends on reconfigurable computing given by academic and industrial specialists from all over the world. In the issue, Boukhechem and Bourennane address transaction-level modeling, a promising technique for increasingly complex embedded system. They present a technique for modeling, validating, and verifying an open embedded platform which allows faster and more efficient architecture exploration. Puschini et al. argue that future systems will have distributed decision making capability, one of which will be to control the voltage scaling in the device. They apply game theory to the run-time optimization of the frequency of multiprocessor SoC platforms, resulting in a temperature reduction. The work by Amagasaki et al. outlines an approach for varying the granularity of an FPGA logic cell when implementing arithmetic and random logic. The resulting cell gives improved logic depth and needs less reconfiguration data when compared to a Xilinx Virtex-4 device. Siozios et al. have presented tools for exploration of alternative interconnection schemes for 3D FPGAs which provide partitioning, placement and routing, and power estimation. The work on medical image registration by Dandekar et al. outlines a novel multiobjective optimization strategy for exploring the tradeoff between FPGA resources and implementation accuracy. Craven and Athanas present work on a high-level development environment for reconfigurable designs, that leverages an existing high-level synthesis tool to enable the design, simulation, and implementation of dynamically reconfigurable hardware based on a C specification. Guillemenet et al. looked at the integration of field-induced magnetic switching and thermally assisted switching magnetic RAMs in FPGA design, highlighting reductions in both power consumption and configuration time at power up when compared to classical SRAM-based FPGAs. The work by Steiner and Athanas describes the computing infrastructure that needs to be included in order to allow a system to change its operation without requiring outside intervention. Together, we hope that this special issue will serve as an introduction to users who have newly joined the community as well as provide specialists with recent results in this field of research.


The development of oligomeric peptidomimetics is actually the focus of increasing attention.1 This arises from the very low bioavailability of peptides, which seriously limited their therapeutical applications. Azapeptides,2 peptoids,3 and ureapeptoids4 belong to a new conceptual class of peptidomimetic in which the side chains are carried by nitrogen atoms. Moreover, the potentiality to automate the synthesis of such oligomers by iterative procedures in the solid phase enables the creation of libraries useful for lead-finding in drug discovery. Our present results come within that general framework. More precisely, we are interested in the synthesis of new kinds of pseudopeptides that we termed hydrazinoazapeptoids by analogy with peptoids. These "hybrid" peptidomimetics combine a C-terminal azaamino acid unit (aza) or an N-substituted azaglycine (Naza) with NRsubstituted hydrazinoglycines (NRh) (Figure 1). Although the chemistry of azaamino derivatives has been widely explored and is well documented,2 that of hydrazino acids has been the object of much less attention.5 Recently, some progress has been made in their preparation, although through laborious methods, in particular concerning the synthesis of optically enriched compounds.6 Nevertheless, only a limited number of side chains seem to be compatible with the chemical methods involved at that time. Moreover, due to the presence of the additional NR, difficulties sometimes occurred during the preparation of hydrazino acids,6b and their utilization in pseudopeptides design for which the coupling with amino acids is not always regioselective.5 This should be the reason why commercially available hydrazinoacids are NR protected.


Network virtualization supports future Internet environments and cloud computing. Virtualization can mitigate many hardware restrictions and provide variable network topologies to support variable cloud services. Owing to several advantages such as low cost, high flexibility, and better manageability, virtualization has been widely adopted for use in network virtualization platforms. Among the many issues related to cloud computing, to achieve a suitable cloud service quality we specifically focus on network and performance isolation schemes, which ensure the integrity and QoS of each virtual cloud network. In this study, we suggest a virtual network platform that uses Xen-based virtualization, and implement multiple virtualized networks to provide variable cloud services on a physical network. In addition, we describe the isolation of virtual networks by assigning a different virtualized network ID (VLAN ID) to each network to ensure the integrity of the service contents. We also provide a method for efficiently isolating the performance of each virtual network in terms of network bandwidth. Our performance isolation method supports multiple virtual networks with different levels of service quality.


This article provides an overview of the development and current status of the transportation network and infrastructure of South Korea. The focus is on present and future investment into intelligent transportation systems (ITS) in the capital of Seoul. Deployment of more advanced ITS technology into the existing rail, bus, and subway systems is discussed in some detail.


It is proven that a bent function is decomposable into the sum of two bent functions if and only if the same is true for its dual bent function.


Two novel two-dimensional (2D) lanthanide(III) coordination polymers [Ln(PDC)(OH)(H2O)2]n (Ln=Eu (1) and Tb (2), H2PDC=pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylic acid) have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions, and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TGA and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Both compounds show the same 2D layer containing 1D Ln–O–Ln chains, and the layers are further connected through hydrogen-bonding as well as π-π stacking interactions into a three-dimensional supramolecular network. Furthermore, both compounds exhibit intense fluorescent emission bands in the solid state at room temperature.


This experience report describes how an authentic case study from a Northern German engineering company was used in a German institution of higher education in order to en-courage students to think about endeavours accultural ross borders in a more complex manner. A possible procedure for implementation of the case study in a training situation is proposed, including a suggested categorisation of the cultural issues involved (Bolten 2008 / 2012) and a processual model of the methodical element of intercultural competence. Finally the advantages of using such a case study in order to enhance awareness of intercultural issues are underlined.


The purpose of this study is to describe the etiology and effects of acquired monocular vision in older adults and how it can affect clients' daily activities and functional mobility. This study will describe how occupational therapy interventions facilitate functional visual skills, in order to support occupational performance of a client with acquired monocular vision. This case illustrates the potential benefit of providing occupational therapy through low vision evaluation, occupational therapy and intervention specific to this condition, and to incorporate compensatory strategies to facilitate client's occupational performances. It was found that after occupational therapy services, the client had benefitted intervention to address acquired monocular vision condition.


In the present article the short analysis of a parity of such categories as «legal personality» and «legal capacity» is given. On the basis of a number of opinions of scientific theorists the essence and problems of identification of the specified legal categories is considered.


The paper discusses the modified projective synchronization of two different chaotic systems by nonlinear control laws, considering the conditions of the master-slave systems with uncertain parameters, the synchronization problem between Genesio system and Rossler system has been investigated, adopting the adaptive control method, a sufficient condition is attainted for the modified projective synchronization between master and slave system, finally, The control performances are verified by the numerical examples.


The target of this work was to develop an efficient autothermal reforming (ATR)
process for the production of renewable hydrogen from synthetic crude glycerol (CG).
Hence, the work was divided into three phases: (1) development of a high performance
catalyst, (2) optimization of process variables, and (3) investigating the kinetics of the
involved reactions. A portfolio of ternary oxide catalysts with a nominal composition of
5Ni/CeZrM (where M= Ca, Gd, Mg) was prepared, characterized and tested in the
process. A series of experiments was conducted in a Packed Bed Tubular Reactor
(PBTR) using a factorial design technique to investigate the effects of the different
operating parameters. A rate model expression was then developed based on the
experimental kinetic data.
Synthetic CG was reformed over a modified cerium-zirconium support loaded
with nickel catalyst (5%Ni/CeZrM) by a combination of partial oxidation and steam
reforming reactions to generate hydrogen via an overall auto-thermal process. Amongst
the tested catalysts, calcium promoted one showed the highest catalytic activity due
mainly to its reducibility and nickel dispersion properties. The prepared catalysts were
characterized by N2 physisorption (BET), thermogravemetric analysis (TGA),
temperature programmed oxidation (TPO), temperature programmed reduction (TPR),
inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD)
techniques.
Likewise, the composition of crude glycerol mixture generated at biodiesel plants,
free glycerol, methanol, soap, free fatty acids and ashes (NaCl and KCl), were contained in the synthetic crude glycerol. The catalytic performance was evaluated based on
conversion, hydrogen selectivity, hydrogen yield, turnover frequency and rate of coke
formation. A reforming temperature of 575°C, steam-to-carbon ratio (S/C) of 2.6,
oxygen-to-carbon ratio (O/C) of 0.125, reduction temperature of 600°C and calcination
temperature of 550°C were experimentally found to be the best operating conditions
based on hydrogen yield and process stability. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was
performed to study the main effects and interactions among the different parameters and
quantify the significance of each parameter on the overall performance. Reaction
temperature and S/C ratio were found to be the most influential variables on conversion
and H2 selectivity.
The kinetics of synthetic CG ATR reactions were studied in a temperature range
of 500-650°C, steam-to-carbon (S/C) range of 1.6-3.6, oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) range of
0.05-0.2, weight space velocity (WSV) range of 0-158.2 gcat.min/mol C and at
atmospheric pressure. In preparation for collecting intrinsic kinetic data, a region free of
heat and mass transfer limitations was established by varying catalyst particle size and
inlet flow rates in the ranges of 0.55-1.27 mm and 0.0019-0.0033 mol C/min,
respectively, and the stability of the catalyst was tested in an extended period run for 15
hours time on stream (TOS) experiment. The integral…


A real-time sector detection technique based on a reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna (LWA) is introduced for cognitive radio systems. The proposed technique detects the direction of incoming signals with different frequencies by independently tuning the LWA and bandpass filter connected to its output.


We experimentally observed the focusing of light by the negative refraction in a photonic crystal slab superlens at near infrared wavelengths λ of 1.26 − 1.42 μ m. The photonic crystal with optimized interfaces low reflection and diffraction losses was formed in silicon-on-insulator. The near field pattern of the focusing was observed using intentional out-of-plane radiation or scattering of guided light in the slab. The minimum focused spot affected by the aberration was 1.8 μ m (1.4 λ ) in width. The focusing characteristics were in good agreement with theoretical ones obtained from photonic band and finite-difference time-domain analyses.


A recent report by Indonesia's Ministry of Health shows that diabetes prevalence is doubled in the last decade, and it happens globally. Unhealthy food consumption is alleged to be the cause, and imposing taxes on unhealthy food to reduce its consumption. This study aims to analyze optimal taxation for unhealthy foods as a policy alternative to reduce the surge increase of diabetes in Indonesia. The study analyzes Indonesian consumption data on several types of food that fall into the unhealthy category by the World Health Organization. By estimating household demand for unhealthy food using the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) and categorizing them based on income, we could simulate the optimal tax rate for unhealthy food and contemplate the pros and cons. The findings identified three food groups that fall into the unhealthy category: snacks, instant noodles, and processed meat, and all the groups have inelastic demand elasticity. Applying the Ramsey rule, this study estimates the optimal tax rate for each food at 12-13% and can increase the state revenue by IDR 4 trillion annually. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that most instant noodle consumers were households in the bottom 40% of incomes, contrary to snacks and processed meat. The study advises considering income distribution when the excise tax will be applied by looking at a combination of food demand analysis with a tax-imposition simulation.


1) Termites are pests that cause serious economic and cultural damage by digesting wood cellulose. Termites are arthropods and have an epidermis surrounded by a chitin layer. To maintain a healthy epidermis, termites have chitinase (β -1,4-poly-N-acetyl glucosamidinase, EC 126.96.36.199), an enzyme that hydrolyzes the β-1,4 bond of chitin. In this study, the amino acid sequence of the gene, which is presumed to be termite chitinolytic enzyme (NCBI accession no. KC477099), was obtained from a transcriptomic analysis of Reticulitermes speratus KMT001 in Bukhan Mountain, Korea. An NCBI protein BLAST search confirmed that the protein is a glycoside hydrolase family 18 (GH18). The highest homology value found was 47%, with a chitinase from Araneus ventricosus. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the KC477099 protein has the same origins as those of arthropods but has a very low similarity with other arthropod chitinases, resulting in separation at an early stage of evolution. The KC477099 protein contains two conserved motifs, which encode the general enzymatic characteristics of the GH18 group. The amino acid sequences Asp-Trp-Glu, which play an important role in the enzymatic activity of the GH18 group, were also present. This study suggests that the termite KC477099 protein is a new type of chitinase, which is evolutionarily distant from other insect chitinases.


The dislocation photoluminescence (DPL) at 4.2 K was studied in germanium (Ge) single crystals of n- and p-type with quasi-equilibrium structure of 60° dislocations. The DPL spectra for different samples were decomposed on Gaussian lines (Gm-lines) over the range 0.47-0.58 eV characterized by practically the same peak energies Em and the widths under 15 meV. The G-lines with Em ≤ 0.55 eV were ascribed to the radiation of regular segments of 60° dislocations with different stacking fault (SF) widths Δ between 30 and 90° partials. An increase of the dislocations density up to ND ∼ 107 cm–2 was found to result in a considerable growth of the intensity of the G-lines with Em <0.513 eV. The factors, which promote the appearance of different Δ values for quasi-equilibrium 60° dislocation structure, are discussed. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Variability in crop stands over very short distances is a widespread problem on the sandy soils of the Sahelian zone of Africa, and this phenomenon may be related to soil variability. The objectives of this study were to: (i) elucidate patterns in the variability of some soil chemical properties using classical statistics and geostatistics, (ii) compare the chemical properties and their variation in two dunal soils, and (iii) identify the implications of variability patterns in dunal soils for sampling technique. Two soils (Psammentic Paleustalfs) in Niger, West Africa were sampled extensively on a macro-scale (3500 m2) and on a micro-scale (0.2 m2). Soil pH, exchangeable acidity, available P, exchangeable bases, and organic matter were determined. Coefficients of variation (CVs) and sample number requirements were calculated, and semivariograms were constructed. On the macro-scale, the CVs for exchangeable Mg (74–114%) were highest. Exchangeable Ca (32–77%) and Al (20–100%) and available P (25–55%) also had high CVs on both soils. Semi-variograms revealed that the sill, range, and nugget variance of available P were greater than those for soil pH, exchangeable Al, and exchangeable H. Variance was slightly greater in the North-South direction than in the East-West direction for soil pH, exchangeable Al, and exchangeable H. The anisotropy is probably related to the predominant East-West direction of the axis of sand dunes in this region. Available P was significantly positively correlated with micro-elevation, which may be related to the spatial distribution of bushes and trees in the previous fallow period. Low P contents are widespread in the soils of Niger, and large responses to fertilizer P have been observed. Depth to acid subsoil was more variable in these soils than in those described in the literature, and variation in rooting depth could be reflected in above-ground plant growth. However, the sill for available P was considerably higher than for pH or exchangeable Al at all sampling depths, and spatial variability in crop stands is likely to be related to soil P levels as they vary with micro-elevation.


Abstract : A detailed investigation of the chlorination of a new series of organoboranes derived from decaborane-14 resulted in the stepwise formation of a number of chlorocarboranes containing from two to eleven chlorine atoms per molecule. Some of their chemical characteristics are described; a detailed B11 NMR treatment of the parent carborane (B10H10C2H2), B10Cl10C2H2 and B10Cl10C2HCl as related to structural considerations is presented. (Author)


This paper uses ARIMA model and neural network model to forecast China's GDP data from 1978 to 2020. The prediction results of the two models for time series data are compared. The results of GDP forecasting show that neural networks is better at predicting nonlinear data.


Sixty minutes of cerebral oligaemic hypoxia, induced by bilateral clamping of the carotid arteries (BCCA) in pentobarbital‐anaesthetized normotensive rats, induces a late progressive cognitive decline when compared with sham‐operated controls. Analysis at BCCA of hippocampal metabolism using microdialysis showed increased release of glutamate, aspartate and γ‐aminobutyric acid, followed by a progressive rise in the formation of hydroxyl free radicals measured as 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3‐DHBA), their reaction product with salicylate, though only in the re‐perfusion phase. In the striatum increased dopamine release occurred during BCCA, whereas glutamate and aspartate showed an increase only during the late re‐perfusion phase. γ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration increased during BCCA and early re‐perfusion. An increase in 2,3‐DHBA was seen during BCCA, and persisted over 2 h of re‐perfusion. Six and 13 months after surgery, though not as early as 3 months, BCCA‐treated rats perform worse than sham‐operated controls in a water‐maze, where decreased swimming speed reveals striatal dysfunction, while hippocampal dysfunction manifested as diminished spatial bias. These results show that cerebral oligaemia, similarly to cerebral ischaemia, leads to increased extracellular dopamine, aspartate and glutamate, and the production of hydroxyl radicals in structures associated with learning and memory processes. Unlike cerebral ischaemia, in cerebral oligaemia the appearance of spatial memory deficits is delayed.


Background: Sarcopenia is almost constantly observed in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Summary: Chronic liver disease represents a unique pathophysiological scenario in which sarcopenia develops and all factors involved in the pathogenesis should be taken into account for an appropriate management of the disease. No properly designed intervention studies on this topic are available and, thus, no effective strategies have been developed for clinical practice. Apart from any targeted intervention, treatment, and optimization of liver disease is crucial. Key Messages: In patients with cirrhosis and HCC, nutritional support to maintain and restore nutrition status, a targeted use of branched-chain amino acids and a guided physical exercise, should all be an integral part of the multidimensional assessment and tailored interventions.


Objective To observe the effect of comprehensive rehabilitation on patients with acute or chronic hand infection. Methods Fifty patients with hand infection were treated with ultrashort wave and ultraviolet at the early stage, which could improve wound healing by anti-inflammatory function. Wax treating, ultrasonic and movement training at later stage were carried out for restoration of hand function. Results The infection was controlled at the early stage in all 50 cases , with gross efficiency rate 98%. After wound healing, restoration of hand function was 82.93% at patients with acute infection and 44.44% with chronic infection. Conclusions Active comprehensive rehabilitation in combination with anti-inflammatory medication may effectively control inflammation at early stage, accelerate wound healing and improve hand function.


The character of capacitance detector field was studied. First the two-electrode capacitive detector was researched, and it was deduced from electromagnetic theory that the detection field was quasi-electrostatic. Then simulation was made on the detector field of frequency-sensitive model and amplitude-coupling model. The simulation results show that the isopotential lines around the amplitude- coupling detector is much desener and whose distribution is much further, which obviously explains that the amplitude-coupling model is more sensitive than the frequency-sensitive model.


ical Interview for Depression (CID) [7] , and increases in well-being, as assessed by the Psychological Well-Being (PWB) scales [8] . However, when residual symptoms of the two groups were compared after treatment, a significant advantage of WBT over CBT was observed with the CID. WBT was also associated with a significant increase in PWB, particularly in the personal growth scale [6] . The small number of subjects suggested caution in interpreting this difference and the need for further studies with larger samples of patients with specific mood or anxiety disorders. This is why I decided to include WBT in the treatment package, together with CBT of residual symptoms and lifestyle modification, of a study concerned with patients with a severe form of recurrent depression defined as the occurrence of 3 or more episodes of unipolar depression, with the immediately preceding episode being no more than 2.5 years before the onset of the current episode [9] . Forty patients with recurrent major depression, who had been successfully treated with antidepressant drugs, were randomly assigned to either this package including WBT or clinical management. In clinical management the same number of sessions that was used in the experimental condition was given. Clinical management consisted of reviewing the clinical status of the patient and providing the patient with support and advice, if necessary. In both groups, antidepressant drugs were tapered and discontinued. The In the 1990s, as other investigators, I was particularly concerned about the high risk of relapse in depression and its link with residual symptomatology [1] . It was not easy to make the patients better, but it was even more difficult to keep them well. My co-workers and I had performed a small controlled study on the effects of addressing residual symptomatology with cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) in reducing relapse rates. Compared with a control condition, there were significant differences after 4 years [2] , but not after 6 years [3] . I felt that what I had introduced (a sequential strategy: first treatment with antidepressant drugs and then CBT of residual symptoms) was good, but it was not sufficient. I was looking for a psychotherapeutic strategy that could increase the level of recovery. This was the setting where I developed a psychotherapeutic technique for increasing psychological well-being, well-being therapy (WBT) [4] . Since CBT of residual symptoms of depression was found to be more effective than clinical management [5] , I thought that comparing the two strategies (CBT and WBT) could be the first step. Twenty patients with mood and anxiety disorders who had been successfully treated by behavioral (anxiety disorders) or pharmacological (mood disorders) methods were randomly assigned to either WBT or CBT of residual symptoms [6] . Both WBT and CBT were associated with a significant reduction of residual symptoms, as measured by the ClinReceived: December 18, 2015 Accepted after revision: January 17, 2016 Published online: April 5, 2016


A bottom-up visual saliency detector is proposed, following a decision-theoretic formulation of saliency, previously developed for top-down processing (object recognition) [5]. The saliency of a given location of the visual field is defined as the power of a Gabor-like feature set to discriminate between the visual appearance of 1) a neighborhood centered at that location (the center) and 2) a neighborhood that surrounds it (the surround). Discrimination is defined in an information-theoretic sense and the optimal saliency detector derived for a class of stimuli that complies with known statistical properties of natural images, so as to achieve a computationally efficient solution. The resulting saliency detector is shown to replicate the fundamental properties of the psychophysics of pre-attentive vision, including stimulus pop-out, inability to detect feature conjunctions, asymmetries with respect to feature presence vs. absence, and compliance with Weber's law. It is also shown that the detector produces better predictions of human eye fixations than two previously proposed bottom-up saliency detectors.


Economic efficacy of complex disinsection programme against adult flies and insect larval stages in respect of all population of the tested henhouse appeared to be 130,3 thousand roubles as whil for in account on one breeded broiler 3,7 roubles with economic effect of 9,03 roubles for one rouble of expenditures.


In this work,the coated wire Ag-Ag_(2)S electrode was used as indicative electrode,a standard calomel electrode or Sb electrode as reference electrode to investigate the effect of a series of surfactant on the sensitivity of ion selective electrode.It was found that the non-ionic surfactants have no effect on the electrode property,but the anionic and cation ionic surfactant can greatly improve the sensitivity of electrode.


MAIN TEXT Sharing data among individuals and organizations is becoming easier and easier with the support of highly-connected ICT systems. Data sharing, however, poses several problems, including privacy and data misuse issues, as well as uncontrolled propagation of data. Additionally, due to reduction of costs and provided functionalities, citizens, private and public companies prefer to use cloud infrastructures to store their data. Thus, a secure and private way for data exchange, storage, and management becomes essential. The aim of the Coco Cloud project is to fulfill these security and privacy issues, by providing a framework that permits the exchanging of data by enforcing privacy policies to access and use data in a controlled way. This is supported by the concept of Data Sharing Agreement (DSA). DSAs specify policies that are applied for accessing the data they are linked to. Here, we introduce the Coco Cloud DSA system, able to manage different phases of DSA design, development, and use: DSA Authoring Tool, DSA Analysis and Conflict Solver Tools, and a DSA Mapper Tool, glued together by the DSA Lifecycle Manager [1]:


Abstract:  High‐energy synchrotron radiation x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (SR‐XRF) utilizing 116 keV x‐rays was used to characterize titanium dioxide pigments (rutile) and automotive white paint fragments for forensic examination. The technique allowed analysis of K lines of 9 trace elements in 18 titanium dioxide pigments (rutile), and 10 trace elements in finish coat layers of seven automotive white paint fragments. High‐field strength elements (HFSE) were found to strongly reflect the origin of the titanium dioxide (TiO2) pigments, and could be used as effective parameters for discrimination and classification of the pigments and paint fragments. A pairwise comparison of the finish coat layers of seven automotive white paint fragments was performed. The trace elements in the finish coat layers detected by the high‐energy SR‐XRF were especially effective for identification. By introducing the trace element information of primer and electrocoat layers, all the automotive white paint fragments could be discriminated by this technique.


1\. General Introduction (p. 5) 2\. Traveling without Moving? Pension regime
change in mature welfare states (p. 9) 3\. Are Mature Welfare States on the
Path to Gerontocracy? Evidence from 18 OECD countries, 1980-2003 (p. 73) 4\.
What Makes Stabilization Reforms Happen? Temporality in the political economy
of welfare spending (p. 137) German summary (p. 227)


During the past era, researchers were utilizing the liquid route to produce various components for the real time applications. In the present research work, authors made an attempt to fabricate the tailor made aluminum metal matrix composites (MMC's) by employing the stir casting process. Two different Al MMCs were fabricated by using Al7075 alloy as the matrix material, red mud and Tic as strengthening materials. During fabrication, red mud and TiC were added to the matrix in the range of 0-12 wt% with the interval of 3. From the results of microstructural and mechanical characteristics, authors have noticed that the MMCs were showing the higher strength when red mud and TiC are at 6 and 9 wt% among all other c omposition. Hence, the hybrid MMCs were prepared with 9 wt% of TiC and by adding CNT with 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 wt%. With reference to the outcomes of the microstructural and mechanical characterization, the hybrid MMC with 9% TiC and 0.75 Wt% CNT exhibiting higher tensile strength among all other compositions. In the present work authors made an attempt to estimate machining characteristics of MMCs and hybrid MMCs and performed a comparative study during electric discharge machining process. Experiments were conducted using central composite design (CCD) to measuring material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), radial over cut (ROC) were measured by varying the peak current (Ip), gap voltage (Vg) and pulse on time (Ton). From the results it was observed that the MRR is low for Al 7075/9%TiC /0.75%CNTwhen compared with Al 7075/red mud and Al 7075/ TiC.


The following investigation was undertaken at the request of Dr. Alice Hamilton, special investigator of lead-poisoning for the federal Bureau of Labor, because of the availability in our laboratory of normal human gastric juice. The relative importance of the skin, the lungs, and the digestive tract as avenues of the lead absorption in workers in the lead industries seems to be determined only to this extent that the skin is the least important. While lead may be absorbed through the intact skin under special conditions of prolonged application of lead compounds to the skin, it may be questioned whether under ordinary working conditions absorption through the skin contributes to industrial plumbism. There remains, then, to consider the lungs and the digestive tract. Meillere 1 seems to show that while poisoning may occur by absorption of lead from the lungs, this is not a channel of absorption of practical importance in


An organic long-term field experiment with two factors has been carried out since 1998 at the experimental station Gladbacherhof, University of Giessen. Effects of different farm types (with and without lifestock raising) combined with tillage treat-ments on plants, soil and environment have been investigated. This article presents results on soil fertility, N-balances and cash crop yields according to the farm system. All in all, the superiority of a management system with cattle over stockless organic farming is demonstrated. The mixed farm type led to higher amounts of humus in the soil, lower N-losses and higher yields. Unless stockless farming cannot be avoided a mulched grass-legume ley, in combination with grain- and fodder legumes as main or intermediate crop, should, as far as possible, be included in the crop rotation.


Objective To evaluate the effect of 0.03% Tacrolimus ointment and kouyanqing granules on treatment of erosive oral lichen planus.Methods Eighty cases of erosive oral lichen planus were randomly divided into control group and observation group,and control group were treated with clobetasol propionate ointment,while observation group were treated with 0.03% tacrolimus ointment and kouyanqing granules.Results After 4-weeks' treatment,the total efficacy rate of the observation group is higher than that of the control group,with significant difference.Conclusion Kouyanqing granules and 0.03% tacrolimus ointment has good curative effect on treatment of erosive oral lichen planus.