BackgroundFXYD proteins associate closely with- and protect plasmalemmal Na+/K+-ATPase against oxidative inhibition. One of them, FXYD3, is often overexpressed in cancers, including those of breast and pancreas. Down-regulation of overexpression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells with siRNA augments doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity. Because down-regulation with siRNA is not readily translated therapeutically, we developed a peptide as an alternative for suppression of FXYD3.MethodsA shortened peptide derivative of the wild-type (WT) FXYD3 protein, FXYD3-pep has the four cysteine residues in the WT protein replaced by serine, which eliminates the WT protein's protection against oxidative Na+/K+-ATPase inhibition. We exposed human cancer cells to FXYD3-pep and measured cytotoxicity and caspase 3/7 activity with co-exposure to doxorubicin. We also measured effects of the peptide on expression glutathione-S-transferase π (GST-π), implicated in treatment resistance, and on expression of tumor suppressor p53. Selected experiments were performed with parallel FXYD3 suppression with siRNA or FXYD3-pep.ResultsExposure of cells to FXYD3-pep displaced WT FXYD3 from Na+/K+-ATPase. Exposure of MCF-7 breast or pancreatic BxPC-3 cancer cells that highly express FXYD3 to the peptide had little effect alone but combined with doxorubicin it significantly (P < 0.05) increased cytotoxicity. A peptide not mutated to eliminate FXYD3's protective effect of Na+/K+-ATPase had no effect. FXYD3-pep did not augment doxorubicin's cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-468 breast and Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cells that have low- or no FXYD3 expression. Cellular FXYD3 expressions was reflected by expression of the α1 Na+/K+-ATPase subunits but not by plasmalemmal Na+/K+-ATPase function. Signals from fluorescently labeled FXYD3-pep were detected in a perinuclear distribution in BxPC-3 cells as reported for overexpressed FXYD3, α- and β Na+/K+-ATPase subunits in cancer. Exposure to FXYD3-pep or to FXYD3 siRNA almost eliminated expression of GST-π. FXYD3-pep alone had no effect on p53 levels but significantly augmented a doxorubicin-induced increase, and, while the peptide alone had no effect on caspase 3/7 activity, it significantly augmented a doxorubicin-induced increase. ConclusionsOverexpressed FXYD3 has intracellular roles beyond its accepted modulation of plasmalemmal Na+/K+-ATPase. These roles can be countered with a membrane-permeable peptide derivative of FXYD3 that suppresses GST-π and enhances chemosensitivity of cancer cells overexpressing FXYD3.


Muslim communities by overlapping and interrelated developments such as the reorganization of the textile industry, immigration into the city of co-religionists with different practices and linguistic traditions from northern India, and cash remittances from overseas labor migrants (notably to the Persian Gulf states). Hanson suggestively argues that the aggressively masculine, plebian style that characterized the Shiv Sena also emerged in the city's plebian Muslim neighborhoods and that the crisis of the paternalist state that enabled the Shiv Sena was mirrored in the crisis of elite, established, patriarchal authority in Muslim Bombay and was intensified in plebian confrontations with both a historically hostile constabulary, and organizations such as the militantly anti-Muslim Shiv Sena. Hansen is well aware that the city encompasses an infinite number of environments other than those that nurtured Shiv Sena: the Dalit movement, for example, since the mid-twentieth century, has provided a "strong antidote" to Hindu nationalism for several decades (p. 233). Another absence in this study—to which the ongoing production, performance, and defense of masculinity is so crucial—is women: the wives, mothers, daughters, sisters, and girlfriends of the plebian youths and young men to whom the Shiv Sena appealed. I wonder, at the end of Wages of Violence and of this necessarily sketchy review, what are the affinities and ruptures between players' domestic and public performances of authority, masculinity, and entitlement? What are the implications for men and women, for the experiences and categories of domesticity and the public sphere, for home and the world, in Mumbai and in criticism? Wages of Violence deserves close reading by anyone interested in historical practice, modernity, and power, and in the city as the leading site on which they are deployed, contested, and produced. In the pages of this book, Bombay/Mumbai emerges as not so much a single, contested stage for which various constituencies compete to perform and dominate but, rather, as a kaleidoscope of stages (material and virtual, and local, national, and transnational) on and from which the postcolonial business of democratic governance is enacted, corrupted, critiqued, and claimed.


This article presents the quantitative findings from a mixed methods study of students and faculty at a private medical university in Malaysia. In particular, the relationships among students' individual characteristics, general self-efficacy, family context, university and classroom learning environments, curriculum, approaches to learning, and measures of students' academic achievement, self-directed learning readiness and mental health at the student level. Data were collected from 392 students attending a private medical university in Malaysia. The findings from the partial least square path analysis (PLSPATH) suggest that: (a) parental involvement continues to impact and influence student learning process, and related student outcomes, at the university level, and (b) a surface approach to learning is related to poor quality processes and outcomes and a deep approach to learning is related to high quality processes and outcomes.


Immediately to the south of the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir's territory of Ladakh, or Little Tibet, as English writers used to call it, a narrow tongue of British India runs eastward to meet independent Western Tibet. The end of this tongue comprises the cantons of Spiti and Lahul both of which tracts politically belong to the Kangra District of the Punjab.1 South of Spiti lies the native state of Bashahr. After the first Sikh War in I846 the British Government retained this strip of country, barely 120 miles wide north to south and mostly consisting of sparsely populated and barren mountain wastes, in order to secure a route under its own control between the wool districts of Tibet and the Punjab plains. This was thought necessary, as in those days traders were subjected to innumerable delays and imposts, both authorized and unauthorized, in the hill states through which they had to pass. Now that roads are improved and vexatious obstacles to trade have been removed, a considerable volume of trade from Tibet passes through Kashmir; but still a fair amount reaches the Punjab through Lahul and Kulu. This is largely owing to the enterprise of the Lahul people, keen traders who, speaking the Tibetan language and being used to Tibetan conditions, do not find it difficult to negotiate with the pastoral nomads of the high steppes. THE SOURCE OF THE WOOL


LetGbe a graph on the vertex setV, andR = k[V] a polynomial ring over a fieldk. We give a very explicit description of the integral closure of the monomial subringk[G] ⊂ R, generated by the squarefree monomials of degree two defining the edges of the graphG.


................................................................................................................
  1 Declaration
  ...........................................................................................................
  2 Acknowledgements
  ..............................................................................................
  3 Table
  of
  contents
  ..................................................................................................
  4 List
  of
  figures
  ........................................................................................................
  7 Note
  on
  language
  ..................................................................................................
  7 List
  of
  Abbreviations
  .............................................................................................
  8 Introduction
  ..........................................................................................................
  9 Chapter
  One:
  Characteristics
  of
  the
  Baptist
  Missionary
  Society
  and
  its
  China Missionaries
  .......................................................................................................
  38 Origins,
  early
  influences
  and
  founding
  principles
  ...........................................................................
  38 Organisational
  structure,
  terms
  of
  service
  and
  funding
  ...............................................................
  45 Profile
  of
  BMS
  China
  Missionaries,
  July
  1937
  ...................................................................................
  58 The
  development
  of
  BMS
  work
  in
  China
  .............................................................................................
  62 Conclusions
  ......................................................................................................................................................
  75 Chapter
  Two:
  The
  effect
  of
  the
  Japanese
  occupation
  on
  the
  BMS
  and
  the
  Chinese Baptist
  Church
  in
  Shandong,
  1937-‐1942
  ..............................................................
  77 The
  impact
  of
  war
  ..........................................................................................................................................
  81 BMS
  missionaries
  as
  third-‐party
  nationals
  during
  the
  occupation
  .........................................
  87 The
  Chinese
  Baptist
  church
  in
  occupied
  Shandong
  ......................................................................
  100 Conclusions
  ....................................................................................................................................................
  114 Chapter
  Three:
  The
  BMS
  in
  Shaanxi
  province,
  1937
  to
  1945
  ..............................
  117 The
  Red
  Army
  in
  Shaanxi
  .........................................................................................................................
  118 BMS
  evangelical
  work
  in
  Shaanxi
  during
  the
  war
  years
  .............................................................
  126 The
  educational
  work
  of
  the
  mission
  ..................................................................................................
  131 Impact
  of
  the
  war
  in
  Europe,
  and
  the
  British
  entry
  into
  the
  war
  against
  Japan
  ...............
  146 Treaty
  revision
  and
  international
  relationships
  ............................................................................
  150


Essential to the application of the kinematic wave theory to open channel flow is the kinematic wave parameters which relate the discharge to the flow area in the channel. Earlier works have developed the kinematic wave parameters for a variety of channel shapes, but none for the trapezoidal channel. This paper unveils the kinematic wave parameters for four channel types: (1) trapezoidal channel with unequal side slopes; (2) trapezoidal channel with equal side slopes; (3) trapezoidal channel with one side vertical; and (4) rectangular channel. However, in the application of these parameters, all of them require the determination of flow area which is quite troublesome as the expression is not explicit. For the purpose of developing explicit analytical solutions, for channel types (2) and (3), it is shown that they can be approximated by a wide and a deep trapezoidal channels. For channel type (4), it can be approximated by a wide rectangular, a square and a deep rectangular channel. Further, for cases whe...


The interstellar oxygen isotopic ratio of 18O/17O can reflect the relative amount of the secular enrichment by ejecta from high-mass versus intermediate-mass stars. Previous observations found a Galactic gradient of 18O/17O, i.e., low ratios in the Galactic center and large values in the Galactic disk, which supports the inside-out formation scenario of our Galaxy. However, there are not many observed objects and, in particular, there are not many at large galactocentric distances. For this reason, we started a systematic study on Galactic interstellar 18O/17O, through observations of C18O and C17O multi-transition lines toward a large sample of 286 sources (at least one order of magnitude larger than previous ones), from the Galactic center region to the far outer Galaxy (∼22 kpc). In this article, we present our observations of J = 1–0 lines of C18O and C17O, with the 12 m antenna of the Arizona Radio Observatory (ARO 12 m) and the Institut de Radio Astronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) 30 m telescopes. Among our IRAM 30 m sample of 50 targets, we detected successfully both C18O and C17O 1–0 lines for 34 sources. Similarly, our sample of 260 targets for ARO 12 m observations resulted in the detection of both lines for 166 sources. The C18O optical depth effect on our ratio results, evaluated by fitting results of C17O spectra with hyperfine components (assuming ) and our radiative transfer and excitation model nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) model calculation for the strongest source, was found to be insignificant. Beam dilution does not seem to be a problem either, which was supported by the fact that there is no systematic variation between the isotopic ratio and the heliocentric distance, and ratios are consistently measured from two telescopes for most of those detected sources. With this study we obtained 18O/17O isotopic ratios for a large sample of molecular clouds with different galactocentric distances. Our results, though there are still very few detections made for sources in the outer Galaxy, confirm the apparent 18O/17O gradient of 18O/17O=(0.10 ± 0.03)RGC+(2.95 ± 0.30), with a Pearson's rank correlation coefficient of R = 0.69. This is supported by the newest Galactic chemical evolution model including the impact of massive stellar rotators and novae. Our future J = 2–1 and J = 3–2 observations of C18O and C17O toward the same sample would be important to determine their physical parameters (opacities, abundances, etc.) and further accurately determine the Galactic radial gradient of the isotopic ratio 18O/17O.


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recently, Golterman and Shamir presented an effective field theory which is supposed to describe the low-energy physics of the pion and the dilaton in an SU(Nc) gauge theory with Nf Dirac fermions in the fundamental representation. By employing this formulation with a slight but important modification, we derive a relation between the dilaton mass squared mτ , with and without the fermion mass m, and the pion mass squared mπ to the leading order of the chiral logarithm. This is analogous to a similar relation obtained by Matsuzaki and Yamawaki on the basis of a somewhat different low-energy effective field theory. Our relation readsmτ = m 2 τ |m=0 +KNf f̂ 2 πm 2 π/(2f̂ 2 τ ) + O(mπ lnm 2 π) with K = 9, where f̂π and f̂τ are decay constants of the pion and the dilaton, respectively. This mass relation differs from the one derived by Matsuzaki and Yamawaki on the points that K = (3− γm)(1 + γm), where γm is the mass anomalous dimension, and the leading chiral logarithm correction is O(mπ lnm 2 π). For γm ∼ 1, the value of the decay constant f̂τ estimated from our mass relation becomes ∼ 50% larger than f̂τ estimated from the relation of Matsuzaki and Yamawaki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subject Index B01, B31, B36, B44


generated commands. The system then shows the requested clinical assessment findings as high-definition photos, sounds and/or text. The student determines whether the assessment finding is normal or abnormal and reports it, resembling a CS session. Diverse patient profiles have been included in the tool, such as BIPOC, LGBTQ+ and other marginalised populations, to expose students to a wider range of assessment findings than would typically be available in pre-clinical settings. This is critically important for developing a culturally responsive and inclusive tool that promotes socially responsible education.


Copyright: © 2012 Regmi K. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Since the 1990s or even earlier, many countries across the world have initiated reforms in health sectors to improve national health systems [1-3]. Decentralisation, a mechanism in health system reform, has emerged as 'a demand for the strengthening of political and administrative leadership' [4]. World Bank [5] analysed the dynamics of decentralisation between service users (clients), citizens (people) and systems-by making services closer to the people, making government closer to citizens and making government closer to services. Decentralisation is also the process of bringing governments closer to people [6], using the argument that 'a representative government works best the closer it is to the people' [7]. In this respect, one can argue that stronger and more empowered local authorities means making decisions and utilising appropriate resources, without much intervention from central government to bring lasting change to people's health and wellbeing through formulating 'rationale' policies in practice [8,9]. Wollmann [4] highlights that reforms are often triggered by two attributes: first, local decision-making processes have consistently been criticised due to poor accountability and transparency-'democratic deficit'; second, local governments have failed to address wider socioeconomic political and environmental contexts-'performance deficit'. This relates to the wider debates about the 'new forms of governance and decision-making away from central states', especially upwards to supranational organisations (for example, the European Union) and downwards to regional bodies [10]. The centralised government modelthe degree to which regulations follow the 'command and control' approach-is irrespective of the level at which they are implemented (i.e., local or national). Alesina and Spolaore [11] argue that modern governance should include dispersion across multiple centres of authority. This issue has been debated between consolidationists and fragmentationists [10,12]. There is, however, a general consensus that decisions on a variety of public services, including health services and planning, are better taken locally [10]. But how should authority be organised and for whom? Should the numbers of jurisdictions for each area (urban or rural) be limited, and perhaps be reduced to a single unit, or several (overlapping) units, to increase public service choice and flexibility? [10,13-15]. One response to the diffusion of authority has been to stretch established concepts over the new phenomenon [10]. Several authors have applied a power sharing approach among and within the states, and international scholars are extending theories of international regimes to include diffusion of authority within states [10].


A nutritional trial on Robusta banana was carried out with six levels of nitrogen. Plant height and pseudostem girth were significantly increased by application of nitrogen. Flowering (shooting) was delayed considerably when no nitrogen was applied. Dry matter production was greatest in response to 150 and 300 g of nitrogen application per plant, which also resulted in maximum fruit yield. Both leaf nitrogen content and available nitrogen in the soil increased with increasing levels of applied nitrogen. Significant correlation between yield and available nitrogen in leaf was observed at 16th leaf stage.


This guide presents what the Internet has to offer in personal finance and investing. It highlights online sites, supplying addresses together with a brief summary of the site and how to access it, alongside notable downloads and forums. The text gives a review of sites on major online services such as America Online, Compuserve, and the Microsoft Network, the World Wide Web and the rest of the Internet. A rating system is also given for evaluating each site.


The existence of various types of joints, one of the typical characteristics of prefabricated lining structures, makes the mechanical performance of shield tunnel linings quite different from that of monolithic linings. A simplified calculation method for the dynamic elastic-plastic analysis of segment lining subjected to explosive loads is proposed. The lining is composed of a number of rigid arch segments that are interconnected by elastic-plastic hinges. The dynamic interaction between the segments and the bolts, and the interaction between tunnel lining segment and soil-structure can be properly simulated with the method. As an example, the calculation of the shield section of Nanjing metro subjected to blast loading was discussed. The time-history curves of displacement and speed of some key points of section lining were obtained. Furthermore, the influences of rock grade and joint stiffness on dynamic response of tunnel lining were taken into account. The result indicates that the simplified method of blasting response analysis can reflect the response of structure subjected to blast loading accurately. The results will be a reference for antiknock analysis and design of tunnel lining.


In this paper we address the problem of vehicle rollover avoidance control by applying the novel control method of Invariance Control which allows a nonlinear and non smooth controller design together with a formal proof of stability. The presented strategy leaves a maximum degree of freedom for steering to the driver. In addition a time-discrete rollover avoidance controller suitable for implementation is derived, which is both, robust and real-time computable. We validate the proposed approach by hardware-in-the-loop simulations of the nonlinear vehicle with a human driver in the loop, using a force feedback steering device.


AIM:To study the effects of inhalation of aerosolized low molecular weight heparin(LMWH)and standard heparin(SH) on the clotting time and bleeding time in guinea pigs and mice.METHODS:Guinea-pigs and mice inhaled aersolized LMWH and SH for 7 days,and the clotting time in guinea-pigs and tail bleeding time in mice were observed.RESULTS:Compared with vehicle,LMWH 800IU/L,400IU/L and SH 800IU/L,400IU/L had no significant effects on the clotting time in guinea-pigs and tail bleeding time in mice(P0.05);There were no significant differences between LMWH 800IU/L,400IU/L and SH 800IU/L,400IU/L(P0.05).CONCLUSION:Inhalation of aerosolized LMWH and SH had no significant effects on clotting time and bleeding time in animals.


Road lane detection is a key problem in advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS). For solving this problem, vision-based detection methods are widely used and are generally focused on edge information. However, only using edge information leads to miss detection and error detection in various road conditions. In this paper, we propose a neighbor-based image conversion method, called extremal-region enhancement. The proposed method enhances the white lines in intensity, hence it is robust to shadows and illuminance changes. Both edge and shape information of white lines are extracted as lane features in the method. In addition, we implement a robust road lane detection algorithm using the extracted features and improve the correctness through probability tracking. The experimental result shows an average detection rate increase of 13.2% over existing works.


It is proposed that gravitational meta-atom unit cells with gravitomagnetic moments could exhibit gravitomagnetic permeability, analogous to the magnetic permeability of materials comprised of atoms with magnetic moments. Recently, a gravitoelectromagnetic (GEM) framework was proposed to explore the possibility of a Veselago-inspired approach to gravitational metamaterials. The prospect of gravitational metamaterials motivates the consideration of candidate gravitational unit cells or gravitational meta-atoms. Although mass serves as a monopole source of a gravitoelectric field similar to positive charge, negative mass would be needed to create a gravitational analog of an electric dipole. However, moving mass is analogous to electric current, and can lead to a gravitomagnetic dipole moment analogous to magnetic dipole moments of magnetic materials and atoms. In this paper, GEM field approximations to general relativity are used to find the gravitomagnetic dipole moment of different rotating systems, ranging in scale from meters to astronomical size.


In this study we identify factors that influence farmers' expectations to sell some or all of their farming operation in areas where the increase in the conversion of agricultural land has been relatively rapid. Findings indicate that the following factors increase farmers' propensity to sell some or all of the agricultural operation for non-agricultural land use: perceived negative change (particularly difficulty in obtaining and retaining rental land and in purchasing land) increases the likelihood that farmers will expect the operation to become nonviable, which in turn increases the expectation to sell some or all agricultural land; lack of a child who will take over the operation; and declining profits from the operation. Factors that apparently exert little influence on the expectation to sell some or all of the farming operation include level of intrinsic rewards that a farmer experiences from his farming operation, the farmer's satisfaction with his community, and the farmer's closeness to retirement age.


A mean, wind corrected histogram of flight speeds is given for approximately 8 species of subalpine Diptera circulating around a 1990 m peak at an air temperature of 20° C―From N = 273 analysable flights, a histogram resulted with an unexpected high mean value of x ± s = 3,03 ± 0,72 m s -1 , or 10,91 ± 2,59 km h -1 .


It is important to program properly during process of oilfield development. Based on the fuzzy understanding about the reservoir and the uncertainty in the actual environment, a kind of fuzzy multi-objective optimization model of production distribution was proposed in this paper, which considers the objectives of production maximization, cost minimization and profit maximization. By using the interactive satisfaction method to find the solution of this model and defining a membership degree to determine the solution. Finally, an example shows that the model can better solve the problem of the production allocation for the oilfield company. KeywordsOilfield development programming; formatting; Production distribution; Fuzzy multi-objective linear programming; Membership degree


For most of the city and regional planning applications, the traditional methods for the assessment of land cover/land use are labour-intensive, time consuming and expensive. Their credibility is often questionable especially in developing countries; (such as Pakistan), these data are quite insufficient and inconsistent. Nowadays in various parts of the world, satellite data have been successfully used for the appraisal and identification of different land use/land cover clusters. With the availability of first generation digital imageries like that of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and SPOT XS and PAN, it is possible to delineate precisely the boundaries of various clusters of land-cover and to calculate the areas from these boundaries. Effective assessment methods have been developed which involves sophisticated digital routines as well as visual interpretation. These quantifications are of interest to planners, decision makers and researchers. In this study, the former administrative unit `Karachi Division' is examined for the appraisal of land cover classification through the application of satellite imageries. PCI Geomatica is employed for image processing operations. It is observed without any doubts that satellite imageries are useful complement to conventional methods in urban analysis and development.


Ions are not organisms, and thus they do not proliferate by either sexual or asexual reproduction. They are hence incapable of being parents, children, or grandchildren. Therefore, the terms "parent ion," "daughter ion," and "granddaughter ion" are scientifically incorrect. In addition, mass spectrometrists should note that the terms "daughter ion" and "granddaughter ion" are gender-specific. (The terms "daughter nuclide" and "granddaughter nuclide" are also gender-specific.) Therefore, the terms "parent ion" and "daughter ion" need to be replaced by "precursor ion" and "product ion," respectively. Instead of the gender-specific terms "granddaughter ion" and "great-granddaughter ion," the gender-neutral terms "second generation product ion" and "third generation product ion" should be used.


This paper deals with the transformation of linear, multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) systems into Frobenius canonical form with the objective of introducing a new, computationally efficient methodology towards a desired pole-placement. Both time invariant and time-varying systems are considered with the classical formula of Ackermann (1972) generalized for both cases. This is the first such application of the formula in time-varying systems. This problem was disowned by many investigators due to its complexity in formulations. The advantage of the proposed technique is that it requires neither the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial or eigenvalues of the original system, nor the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of the transformed system. The contribution of this effect to the numerical efficiency of pole placement is verified.<<ETX>>


Twenty carbon sources were tested for their ability to induce or inhibit the agglutination of macroconidia of Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli in hydroponic nutrient solution. Carbon sources were added individually to fresh nutrient solution or to a root homogenate from Vigna radiata. An unknown factor present in the root homogenate, and believed to be of plant origin, consistently induced the agglutination of macroconidia within 20 min at 25 C and pH 5.5. Twenty carbon sources did not induce spore agglutination when tested at 50-mM concentrations in fresh nutrient solution, and they did not inhibit spore agglutination when tested at 50- or 100-mM concentrations in root homogenate [...]


Routine gamma dosimetry of spent fuels in nuclear power stations is mandatory to manage their storage in dry or wet spent fuel storages. Mostly the spent fuel gamma dose rate measurements out of the spent fuel pool is impossible because of the high exposures of the operators. Therefore, determination of a conversion factor as precise as possible is important that could be applied to convert the measured gamma dose rate inside the water shield to the air values. Simulation methods are powerfully applied to investigate the conversion factor variation trends due to different burnup, cooling time and irradiation history of the spent fuels. The present work uses MCNPX Monte Carlo-based code to determine the trend. The obtained results of this computational study showed that the conversion factor would not have any dependency to the cooling times, burnup values and irradiation history if the detector is placed at special positions in air or water environments. Comparison of the simulation and experimental data showed an acceptable conformity, so that the experimental verified the simulation data trend


Low-VOC waterborne (WB) Zn-rich primers and high performance WB epoxy primers have been developed based on novel Cashew Nutshell Liquid (CNSL)-derived curing agents for industrial and protective coating applications. These unique WB phenalkamines were synthesized from a natural, non-food chain and renewable biomaterial and could help formulate WB primer systems that meet stricter volatile organic compound (VOC) regulations as well as high performance requirements. This article presents the latest performance studies of new phenalkamine-based WB Zn-rich primers and epoxy primers, and discusses the challenges associated with such formulations. New 2K WB Zn-rich primers were formulated with a water-free phenalkamine curing agent. The study results showed the WB Zn-rich primers had good compatibility with various commercially available solid epoxy dispersions and delivered good cure and mechanical properties; importantly, those WB Zn-rich primers provided superb adhesion to both metal substrates and commercial poly-urethane (PU) topcoats without the use of adhesion promoters. Excellent corrosion protection and good resistance to undercutting at the scribe were observed after 3000-h Q-Fog exposure. Additionally, newly developed WB high performance primers based on zero-VOC WB phenalkamines were evaluated either in combination with WB Zn-rich primers or by being directly applied over metal substrates. It was found that those WB epoxy primers could enhance corrosion protection as mid-coats to WB Zn-rich primers; when being used direct-to-metal, WB epoxy primers also exhibited good mechanical and adhesion properties that benefited the overall anticorrosion performances.


Objective: To investigate the effect of Helicobacler pylori eradication on gastro-esophageal reflux disease(GERD) patients receiving long term acid suppressants. Methods: Ninety-eight patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease(GERD) and H pylori positive were prospectively recruited for endoscope and symptom evaluation. Then Eligible patients were randomly assigned to omeprazole triple therapy(HpE group) or omeprazole(20mg, twice per day) single(Hp+group) for one week. Then omeprazole 20mg daily was given for 8 weeks for healing of esophagitis and symptom relief. Which was followed by a maintenance dose of 10mg daily for up to 12 months. Treatment failure was defined as either incomplete resolution of symptoms or esophagitis at the initial treatment phase, or relapse of symptoms and oesophagitis during the maintenance phase. Endoscopic examination, including biopsies for histological evaluation and biopsy urease test, was offered when reflux symptom recurred or at the end of 12 months. Patients underwent a 14C urea breath test 4 weeks after cessation of omeprazole to determine H pylori status.Results: 98 GERD patients with H pylori positive were included in the study(49 in the HpE group and 49 in the Hp+group),thirty three patients(33.7%) had erosive esophagitis at baseline. H pylori was eradicated in 95.9% of the HpE group and in 6.1% of the Hp+group. Overall, 16 patients(32.7%) in the HpE group and 7 (14.3%) in the Hp+group had treatment failure(P0.05). However, the onset of corpus atrophy and intestinal metaplasia was more prevalent in the Hp+group when compared with the HpE group.Conclusion:H pylori eradication may lead to more resilient GERD, Whereas, H pylori eradication had the Prophylactic effect for corpus atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in the long run.


OBJECTIVES
Activity of neuropeptide Y (NPY), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), corticoliberine (CRH), and oxytocin (OXY) producing cells was investigated in the ovariectomized (OVX) female C57BL/6 mice kept on the high fat diet for 16 weeks and their response to colchicine stress in selected brain areas, including the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN), dorsomedial (DMN) and arcuate (ARC) nuclei, A1/C1 (in the ventrolateral medulla), and A2/C2 (in the nucleus of the solitarii tract, NTS) catecholaminergic cell groups.

METHODS
The OVX female C57BL/6 mice kept on high fat diet were sacrificed by transcardial perfusion with fixative 48 h after intracerebroventricular injection of colchicine (18 µg mice). Dual Fos/neuropeptide immunohistochemistry was employed to investigate Fos/neuropeptide colocalizations.

RESULTS
In the OVX saline-treated mice (sham control) with standard diet (St diet), no immunopositive CRH and NPY neurons were identified in the PVN and weak Fos immunostainig was visible in TH neurons in the DMN and ARC nuclei. Colchicine treatment in the OVX mice with St diet increased the number of CRH and OXY immunopositive neurons in the PVN as well as the number of NPY and TH neurons in DMN and ARC nuclei and NPY neurons in the middle NTS (mNTS) and A1/C1 cell group. Prolonged HF diet in OVX sham control mice moderately increased the number of Fos/TH neurons in the mNTS and commissural NTS (cNTS) in comparison with St diet mice. However, prolonged HF diet in OVX colchicines-treated mice reduced the number of Fos/NPY neurons in the anterior NTS (aNTS) and A1/C1 cell group in comparison with colchicines-treated animals with St diet as well as Fos-TH neurons in the mNTS and cNTS in comparison with saline-treated animals with HF diet.

CONCLUSION
The data of this pilot study indicate that prolonged high fat diet might: 1) represent itself a light/moderate stimulus for activation of TH neurons in the NTS and A1/C1 cell group as well as NPY neurons in the A1/C1 cell group and 2) interfere with colchicines-induced and time-delayed Fos activation in the NPY and TH neurons in both the above mentioned brain nuclei.


Anycast service provides load-balancing since giving a user a connection to the nearest server, and also improves the server's bandwidth and quality of a service. It maintains the continuity of a service in a failure and prevents damages from instability, DoS attacks against a server, and etc. As kinds of service become various gradually in the Internet environment, the demand for the anycast service has been increased due to these advantages. However the anycast service is a staeless service, it is suitable for the application using UDP protocol. The anycast service is unable to guarantee that the multiple anycast datagram are delivered to the same host, so it is disadvantageous in providing the communication with the fixed server, Fragment, the encryption, and an authentication, and an application using either UDP flow or continuous TCP connection. In this paper, we propose IPv6 anycast routing method for guaranteeing the continuity of the service flow. The key idea to our proposal is to use IPv6 extension headers for continuous service without modification of upper-layer protocol. The anycast route has to be propagated through routing protocols so that the packet destined for the anycast address is routed to an anycast server. We propose the method of IPv6 anycast address advertisement from the anycast server to adjacent routers within local networks.


The externals of English are being acquired by speakers, wholly alien to the histon'ml fabric, to the inventory of felt moral, cultural existence embedded in the language. The landscapes of experience, the field of idiomatic, symbolic, communal reference which give to the language its specific gravity. are distorted in transfer or lost altogether. A s it spreads across the earth, 'international English' is like a thin wash, marvelloiisly fluid, but without adequate base. One need only converse with Japanese colleagues and students, whose technical proficiency in English humbles one, to realize how profound are the eflects of dislocation. So much that is being said is correct,*so little is right. Only time and native ground can provide a language with the interdependence of formal and semantic components ~chich 'translates' culture into active life. It is the absence from them of any natural semantics of remembrance which disqualifies artificial languages from any but trivial ad hoc usage.


Published: June 2016 Citation: Peter Soderlund (2016) «The Governors' Last Stand: Federal Bargaining in Russia's Transition to Appointed Regional Heads, 2005–2009». Nordisk Ostforum 30 [2] 146–147. http://dx.doi.org/10.17585/nof.v30.466


To the Editor:— I am most happy to see Alexander Gode's attack on "decease" and "demise" ("Just Words," JAMA 187 :403 [Feb 8] 1964). As a pathologist, I am frequently impelled to speculate upon the gloomy religious views of my colleagues who constantly report that their patients went gradually downhill. Do none of their patients go to Heaven?


The importance of the hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the quality of life at the postmenopause is unquestionable. However not all the effects determinated by its use are well established yet. This study has the aim to evaluate the influence of the HRT on serum levels of the growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), glucose and insulin. We performed a controlled, prospective, longitudinal and comparative clinical trial, in which 53 natural or surgical postmenopausal women were submitted or not to a continuous HRT, during a 6 months period, with conjugated estrogens (CE-0.625mg/d) associated or not to the medroxiprogesterone acetate (MPA-2.5mg/d), by the oral route. The participants were subdivided in 3 groups: Group CE + MPA > composed by 20 women with uterus, who utilized CE and MPA; Group CE > composed by 20 hysterectomized women, who used CE; Group C > formed by 13 women, without HRT. Basal levels of GH, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were measured in the beginning and at the end of the study. We have also performed a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), with determination of glucose and insulin levels; area under curve (AUC) of glucose and insulin and insulin resistance index (IRI). The HRT use decrease the IGF-I levels in CE + MPA (p= 0.01) and CE (p= 0.0007), without change in the IGFBP-3 levels. The GH levels increased during the use of the HRT (EC + AMP: p= 0.004 e EC: p= 0.0003), however the serum concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 did not seem to be good markers of the circadian secretion of GH. At 6 months, it was noticed a negative correlation of the IGF-I with the AUC of glucose in the three groups (CE + MPA: r= -0.42, p= 0.06; CE: r= -0.58, p= 0.007 and C: r= -0.64, p= 0.01). The IGFBP-3 and the AUC of glucose showed a significant negative correlation in the group CE (r= -0.45, p= 0.04) and a tendency in CE + MPA (r= -0.42, p= 0.06). The association of MPA determined the appearance of IGT in 30% of the patients from the group EC + AMP (n= 6). Our results suggested an interaction between the carbohydrate metabolism with the IGF-I and IGFBP-3. The effects caused by the prolonged use of continuous HRT in the regulation of GH, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 still require elucidation.


Introduction: Despite the significant progress of targeted therapies in B-cell malignancies, T-cell lymphomas remain an area of unmet medical need. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage and have limited treatment options. Moreover, most patients who relapse following initial chemotherapy ultimately succumb to disease. Recent successes of targeting the proteasome (i.e., bortezomib) and E3 ligases (i.e., lenalidomide) identify the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) as a tractable target in lymphoma. Pevonedistat, an investigational small molecule inhibitor of NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE), interferes with activation of NEDD8, a ubiquitin-like modifier. This interference ultimately leads to decreased activity of cullin-RING (E3) ligases and accumulation of their substrates, including inhibitor of NFκB (IκB), the replication licensing protein Cdt1, and p27. We previously demonstrated that targeting NAE affected primary neoplastic B cells via several mechanisms: disruption of NFκB activity as well as induction of Cdt1, DNA damage, and cell cycle arrest. Here, we demonstrate that targeting NAE in T-cell lymphoma cells mediates apoptosis via cell cycle deregulation, accompanied by induction of Cdt1 and p27, and induction of anaphase catastrophe.
 Methods: Experiments were performed in T-cell lymphoma cell lines (SR, HH, Jurkat, and SUP-T1) as well as circulating primary cells from patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma and Sezary syndrome. Pevonedistat (TAK-924) was obtained from Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (Cambridge, MA). Apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V staining.
 Results: SR (PTCL) cells and primary T-cell lymphoma cells were the most sensitive to pevonedistat (IC50of ~250nM at 24 hours); Jurkat and SUP-T1 cells demonstrated low/intermediate sensitivity, whereas HH (CTCL) cells were resistant. Targeting NAE disrupted cullin neddylation in a dose-dependent manner across all tested cell lines and primary neoplastic T cells, followed by accumulation of phospho-IκBα. Upregulation of phospho-IκBα was notable within 2 hours of pevonedistat treatment across both sensitive and resistant cell lines and primary cells. Concomitantly, we observed induction of p27 and Cdt1. Upregulation of Cdt1 was attenuated in HH cells compared with SR, consistent with the low proliferation rate of the former. Treatment of SR cells with pevonedistat led to DNA damage as evidenced by γH2AX and G2/M arrest.
 Chromosomal instability is a prominent feature in cancer and poorly studied as a therapeutic target. We have previously shown that cancer cells undergo multipolar anaphase in response to inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (CDK2), an interphase CDK, followed by apoptosis and termed this event anaphase catastrophe (Hu et al., 2015; Danilov et al., 2016). As we observed robust accumulation of the endogenous CDK inhibitor p27 in cells treated with pevonedistat, an event presumed to lead to attenuated CDK2 activity, we studied anaphase catastrophe in this setting. We visualized anaphase catastrophe by immunofluorescent staining for nuclear material (DAPI) and γ-tubulin, and scored it in 50 cells per condition. NAE inhibition with pevonedistat induced anaphase catastrophe in SR and Jurkat cells. Upon 24-hour exposure to 250 nM pevonedistat, 9.8±6.0% of SR and 18±4.4% of Jurkat cells demonstrated multipolar anaphases, compared with 1±0.8% and 3.0±2.6% with vehicle control, respectively.
 Conclusions: Inhibiting NAE with pevonedistat induces apoptosis of T-cell lymphoma cells. We propose deregulation of Cdt1 and p27, followed by anaphase catastrophe, as a key mechanistic event implicated in pevonedistat-induced apoptosis in neoplastic T cells. Our work provides rationale to further investigate neddylation as a therapeutic target in T-cell lymphoma.

 Danilov: Verastem: Consultancy, Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Consultancy; Genentech: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda Oncology: Research Funding; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy, Research Funding; Astra Zeneca: Consultancy; Aptose Biosciences: Research Funding; Bayer Oncology: Consultancy, Research Funding.


Lithium cations solvated by polypropylene glycol were confined, by intercalation, in the interlamellar space of an insulating layered solid, CdPS3. The conductivity and the associated relaxation processes were investigated as a function of temperature and compared with corresponding bulk solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). The conductivity of the confined polymer electrolyte, which is comparable with that of bulk SPE, follows the Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher relation characteristic of ionic motion coupled to polymer relaxation modes and, surprisingly, these processes, although broadened, are faster than that in the corresponding bulk solid polymer electrolyte. The absence of ion-pair formation and anion transport makes Cd0.75PS3Li0.5(PPG) an ideal system for investigating ionic motion in disordered polymer matrices.


with rapid development in computer science and its application in engineering industry, the teaching course of computer theory is becoming more and more important in modern higher education in many universities. A teaching methodology is discussed in this paper to meet the need for enhancing effectiveness and efficiency of course learning for undergraduate who major in engineering rather than computer science. The methodology is a combination method of theoretical teaching and practical experience. The exploration of course content arrangement as well as teaching method is discussed in detail, and design of lab experiment is analyzed in order to improve course learning. The result shows the effectiveness of the methodology through students' performance.


1. Several growth-regulating compounds (ethylene chlorohydrin, naphthaleneacetic acid, naphthoxyacetic acid, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, and a mixture of all four) were tested for their effect on the development of basal shoots of green-house roses. 2. 2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic acid significantly increased the number of basal shoots per plant, as well as the number of plants developing such shoots. 3. A possible mechanism of action and its relation to light intensity are discussed.


. 8 Landslides are widespread phenomenon that occur in any terrestrial area with slopes, causing massive property damage and, 9 in the worst-case scenario, human losses. This propension to suffer losses is particularly high for developing countries due to 10 their urban development, population growth and drastic land use changes. Social and economic consequences of landslides 11 can be reduced through detailed planning and management strategies, which can be aided by risk analysis. In this study, we 12 performed a detailed quantitative risk analysis for landslides in the whole Central-Asia (4,000,000 km 2 ). Landslide-induced 13 risk was computed in terms of exposed population and expected economic losses to buildings and linear infrastructures 14 (roads and railways) adopting a 200 m spatial resolution. The purpose of our study is to produce the first regional-scale 15 landslide risk assessment for Central-Asia in order to inform regional-scale risk mitigation strategies and it represents an 16 advance step in the landslide risk analysis for extremely broad areas. 17


Brazilian society seems to be facing a growing lack of public spaces in which individuals can, through rational debate, define the future of the community. A new type of public space emerges in this context, now mediated by the media and invaded by the social issues.


This paper presents a measurement method used to precisely measure the diameter of water jet. A He-Ne laser is coupled into the water jet as the light source, and the image of the water jet is captured by a CCD. The diameter of water jet can be thus measured from the captured images by such processing as sharpening, filtering, subpixel locating and fitting. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can be used to make real-time measurement of the diameter of water jet with a simple and low-cost set-up. The method can also be used to measure the break-up length of water jet by introducing a microstage along the direction of water jet.


The object is to provide liquid crystalline polyester which gives molded articles without generating acetic acid gas, and a method for producing the liquid crystalline polyester. This object is achieved by a method for producing a liquid crystalline polyester comprising melt-polymerizing aro matic hydroxycarboxylic acid represented by the formula (I), aromatic diol represented by the formula (II), and aromatic dicarboxylic acid represented by the formula (III) with using a diaryl carbonate represented by the formula (IV). HO-R-COOH (I)


Due to the remarkable progress in computer network technology as well as artificial intelligence, in the very near future we Japanese may read English texts through CRT displays with the aid of an electronic English-Japanese dictionary. Whenever we encounter any unknown word, we may learn the sense from the dictionary by pointing at the unknown word with a mouse. It is easy to display all the contents of the dictionary related to any word of concern. However, the contents would contain more than enough senses and the user may be at a loss which of them to choose. For example, if we look up the preposition "of" in Shogakukan Random House English-Japanese Dictionary, 2nd Edition, we find 20 senses. Which of the 20 senses should be chosen in a given sentence? Language experts seem to make full use of various knowledge sources, such as syntax and semantics, to disambiguate the senses to narrow down to the right one. The article is a preliminary attempt to incorporate language experts' intelligence into an intelligent electronic English-Japanese dictionary system.


This paper emphasizes the educational aspect of discrete devices. The growing complexity of such systems requires both extended skills of the engineers and extended methods in their education. The details of modern discrete devices are created by computers. Hence, computers must be included in the education process. Together with an extended educational concept we show in this paper how specialized software supports the educational process. As example we use the XBOOLE monitor and explain its application to solve tasks related to discrete devices.


Butchers have a huge role in prevention of meat-borne diseases and illness. Hence, this study was conducted to ascertain factors associated with meat hygiene among the butchers. A cross-sectional study was conducted among goat and poultry butchers. None of the butchers fall into "adequate" knowledge and "good" practice category. Butchers who had no side job other than butchering (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.04, CI = 1.11-8.33), had secondary or higher education (aOR = 3.17, CI = 2.60-14.72), greater workload (aOR = 5.45, CI = 1.01-29.57), and whose shop were closed shop (aOR = 3.33, CI = 1.10-10.38) were more likely to have fair knowledge. Butchers whose shop were temporarily constructed close shop (aOR = 3.07, CI = 1.04-9.06), permanently constructed close shop (aOR = 23.56, CI = 1.91-291.11), and whose ethnicity was Brahmin/Chhetri (aOR = 3.39, CI = 1.10-10.46) were more likely to have satisfactory practices. Despite regular handling of meat, butchers had lack of knowledge and practice on meat hygiene.


The effort to increase quality of education by draping to goverment's subsidy is not enough. We should strive to earn more educational funding sources from internal and external, or from society or corporate world in various steps. Some of efforts contain changes in the Indonesian educational financing system which is include structural changes, and that is must be supported by the regulation. Governmental policy to quality increase through school based management is the first step in watering down effort of educational funding. But the managerial and leadership ability require to be improved for being able to analyze the opportunity of its environment and initiative taking to do the marketing and sell its comparative excellence. Keywords:   educational funding source, financing education, educational management


The mixed microorganisms with higher concentrations of leaching Zn2+,designated A,B,C,D and E,were screened after mutation.Compared to the control in Zn2+ leaching rates,the amount of leaching Zn2+ was increased by 128.6% and 183.3% respectively,40 d after leaching in 9K medium and leathen,indicating that the best suitable temperature for mixed microorganisms to grow is 30 ℃


National Natural Science Foundation of China [41530207, 41772188]; Romanian Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding project [PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2016-0127]; China Geological Survey [1212011085534]; China Scholarship Council [201606010070]


This paper describes the interactions between flux contamination, humidity and potential bias and their effect on corrosion reliability. Water layer formation on laminate surfaces and behavior of different solder flux chemistries with humid conditions have been studied, together with their influence on electrical performance of electronics. The effect of the type of laminate's solder mask on the formation of water film and droplets was investigated for two different types: smooth glossy and rough matte surface finishes of the solder mask. The impact of potential bias on the electrical response of electronics is estimated as a function of contamination type under cycling humid conditions. The results show the correlation between the ionic contamination type and water layer formation on surfaces in the presence of the flux residue.


To study the wandering of magnetic field lines is an important subject in theoretical physics. Results of field line random walk theories can be applied in plasma physics as well as astrophysics. Previous investigations are based on magnetostatic models. These models have been used in analytical work as well as in computer simulations to warrant mathematical and numerical tractability. To replace the magnetostatic model by a dynamical turbulence model is a difficult task. In the present article, a field line tracing method is used to describe field line wandering in dynamical magnetic turbulence. As examples different models are employed, namely, the plasma wave model, the damping model of dynamical turbulence, and the random sweeping model. It is demonstrated that the choice of the turbulence model has a very strong influence on the field line structure. It seems that if dynamical turbulence effects are included, Markovian diffusion can be found for other forms of the wave spectrum as in the magnetostatic model. Therefore, the results of the present paper are useful to specify turbulence models. As a further application we consider charged particle transport at early times.


FIELD: cosmetic composition. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to new cosmetic compositions that contain in cosmetically acceptable carrier consisting of continuous an aqueous phase and preferably emulsion "oil-in-water" photoprotective system that shows capability to filter UV-rays (UV-A and/or UV/B) and at least one polymer. Above indicated polymer is taken among polymers formed by repeated (i) link of the formula (I)and (ii) link of the formula (II)and/or formula (III). EFFECT: improved photoprotective capability of compositions.


According to the user's perspective, User interface is visible and important part of the computer system; that require the highest priority in the design of computer systems (Jaspers, 2006). There are many aspects to web design. According to Vandelay (2007), successful website is made by content quality, simple and interactive design, easy to navigate, unique, fresh, and optimize. Design context will be the great importance related to the dissemination of public information. According to Act No. 14/2008 on the Openness of Public Information that Each of Public Information is open and can be accessed by any user of Public Information and Each of Public Information should be obtained by each Public Information's applicant quickly and on time, low cost and with less effort. Information dissemination efforts through the web are often hampered by the difficulty of navigation in a website. This study examined the structure of navigation in the website's user interface of any departments within the Republic of Indonesia to find out how difficult public information can be accessed through the website. The method is carried out in this study is the observation, literature study and analysis of 20 website's user interface in the environment department of the Republic of Indonesia. The results obtained from this study is that the user can easily access public information, because all the website's homepage displays the latest news or information and almost all websites have a search section to find out necessary information in the website. And the user will not be confused in knowing their positions, because in most cases the department has implemented a web site using a signpost and window title page, logo web pages, tabs and indicator selection. In addition, users can learn about the flow to get public information with the use of wayfinding, that is good signage, environmental clues and maps. Key words: public information, user interface, websites, departments, navigation


Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of near-surface unconsolidated layers depends on the physical properties and water content of the unconsolidated layers. So far, many studies have been conducted on the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of near-surface unconsolidated layers. However, researches on hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated fractured rocks have been relatively rare. In relation to the construction of a low/intermediate level radioactive waste surface-disposal facility, this study compared and analyzed van Genuchten parameters (α, n) in the laboratory and the hydraulic conductivity obtained in field tests for fractured hornfels at a radioactive-waste disposal site of Korea. The relationship between the field hydraulic conductivity and van Genuchten parameters using data from the ten depth intervals of three boreholes resulted in that the correlation coefficient (R) between the hydraulic conductivity and the van Genuchten parameter α was 0.7607, showing positive correlation whereas the R between the hydraulic conductivity and the van Genuchten shape-defining parameter n was -0.8720, showing negative correlation. Hence, this study confirmed the relationship between the field hydraulic conductivity and the van Genuchten unsaturated functions for the unsaturated fractured hornfels.


Tampon tax and period poverty activist movements are growing in tandem worldwide. These movements are reshaping the way we think about menstruation and what governments can do to tackle period-based injustices. Through this Essay, two United Kingdom (UK) period activists will explore how these UK movements were erected, how they interact with the global movements, and how Brexit has impacted UK menstruation activism and law-making. Finally, they will look ahead to discuss what they believe the future of period activism might look like.


On the basis of a comparative study of the filaments from the Beospir nonmedicated IUD and the Multiload Cu 250 and Copper 7 medicated IUDs it was concluded that the Beospir is quite unstable. The filament displayed changes in environment of pH value to which it was exposed as well as during the time it was being used. The Multiload Cu 250 and Copper 7 filaments showed no changes in pH values with respect to time and environment. This fact speaks in favor of their stability. (authors modified) (summary in ENG)


43 years old female patients endometrial biopsy diagnosis shows highly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Because of this result she underwent total hysterectomy two weeks later, and the new hystology result is: highly differentiated endometroid ovarian carcinoma.


This paper analyzes theoretically the effect of the geometric disposition inside the vacuum coater on thin film uniformity. The conclusion that the best thin film uniformity can be achieved by adjusing the geometric disposition of the vacuum chamber is pointed.


On most rail networks, if a train is delayed then following trains will not know about the delay until they encounter a trackside signal that tells the driver that the next section of track is still occupied. The train will usually have to slow significantly, which causes delays to propagate back along the track. By using in-cab Driver Advice Systems connected to centralised scheduling systems, train delays can be detected as they happen, and new schedules can be calculated and issued to following trains so that additional delays are avoided. It is impossible to re-schedule the whole rail network at once in real time as the problem is too large. An alternative, more practical approach is micro-scheduling to independently optimise small sections of the network. We describe and illustrate a method that can be used to ensure adequate and energy-efficient train separation. The method can be used during timetable planning to ensure robust timetables or can be used in real time to prevent trains from encountering restrictive signals, smoothing the flow of trains along a corridor.


Objective: To assess the prevalence of obesity in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, heart valve surgery, or both procedures, and its association with postoperative outcomes.


In this scientific writing, the author makes TRUSTCO LMT website using Macromedia Flash MX. This program created with the aim of facilitate the users to get information about TRUSTCO. This website uses elements of images, text, sound, and animation into a web form that is expected to easily be used by anyone and made it interesting with the music that accompanied this website. In discussing this issue be discussed is the way it started to determine the structure of navigation, making navigation maps, create, design interface, the formation of elements, combining elements, ActionScript programming so it can run. With the push of a button from the options menu the user will immediately get information quickly about TRUSTCO LMT. This program can only run on Windows platform. Bibliography (1960-2005)


Objective: To explore the prognostic value of the serum CA125 in patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Methods: The clinical data, including serum CA125 level, histopathological type, FIGO stage, and prognosis, of 60 patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma who underwent surgery between January 2000 and May 2003 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Results: The serum CA125 level before surgery was related to histopathological type and FIGO stage ( P 0.05). The recurrence rate in patients with CA125 half-life 20 days was higher than that in patients with CA125 halflife ≤ 20 days ( P 0.05). Multifactor analysis showed FIGO stage and CA125 half-life were factors affecting prognostic. The increase of serum CA125 level after surgery usually indicated the recurrence. Conclusion: The detection of serum CA125 level before surgery may help to judge the histopahthological type and FIGO stage of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. This marker is useful in early detection of recurrence and predicting prognosis.


This paper studies the problem of vehicle platooning with a particular focus on evaluation of lateral trajectories when one or several vehicle(s) merge(s) from the adjacent lane into the main vehicle platoon under longitudinal control. The merging vehicles should be capable of executing lateral maneuver in different platoon speeds while avoiding high lateral acceleration. For this purpose two adaptive lateral trajectory generation techniques are proposed and compared. Performances of different controllers are tested under adaptive lateral manoeuvres when multiple vehicles change lane to join the platoon. The proposed approaches are then tested and verified in our newly developed simulation platform SimPlatoon.


Abstract Older adults with high medical spend require tailored interventions and care delivery models to meet their complex needs. Segmenting high-spend patients is a promising approach to designing such interventions. In this study we explored patient spend across 4 years (2016-2019) using claims from 799,205 patients continuously enrolled in UnitedHealth Group Medicare Advantage (mean age=73.7; S.E.=0.01). Patients with healthcare spend in the top decile were segmented into three subgroups: catastrophic, persistent, and semi-persistent. Catastrophic patients had more acute events (acute myocardial infarction and hip/pelvic fracture) driving their cost. Persistent patients were younger (mean age=67.8; S.E.=0.06) and had significantly more medications. Semi-persistent patients were older (mean age=76.6; S.E.=0.04) and had significantly more chronic conditions and frailty, indicating their cost was driven by medical complexity. These subgroups displayed different temporal stability in their healthcare costs over time. Each year, 79-81% of the catastrophic group dropped out of the top decile. In contrast, nearly 72% of the persistent group remained in the top decile whereas only 37% of the semi-persistent group remained year over year. As the global population continues to age, it will be necessary to design interventions and care delivery models that address the complex needs of older adults in the high-spend patient population. Our study suggests that segmenting high-spend patients into potentially actionable subgroups is an important first step in achieving these goals.


Monique Fletcher is the i3 project director at the Children's Aid Society in New York City. Since 1992, The Children's Aid Society (CAS) has partnered with the New York City Department of Education, schools, and the community to provide resources and supports to students and their families using our community school model.1 The Washington Heights community schools have engaged in groundbreaking work with parents and the community in developing parent


The environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources which includes all the biotic and abiotic element that form our surrounding that is air, water, soil, pant animals, and all other living and non-living element of the planet of earth. The major factor of environmental degradation is human (modern urbanization, industrialization, overpopulation growth, deforestation, etc.) and natural (flood, typhoons, droughts, rising temperatures, fires, etc.) cause. Today, different kinds of human activities are the main reasons for environmental degradation. The automobile and industries increase the number of poisonous gases like SOx, NOx, CO, and smoke in the atmosphere. Therefore, the government must enhance filling the gap in the legal system to avoid illegal activities. This chapter discusses the impact of environmental degradation with its future impacts, city planners, industry, and resource managers plans to be considered to mitigate the long term effects of developmental environmental degradation.


The influence of six fungitoxicants on growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus was tested in liquid SMKY medium at two concentrations, viz. 0.1 and 0.5%. Thiram completely inhibited the aflatoxin production at 0.5% concentration. Other fungitoxicants showing more than 60% inhibition were bavistin and daconil. Vitavax (0.1%) and agrosan GN (0.1 and 0.5%) stimulated the growth of fungus and aflatoxin elaboration after 7 d of incubation. Dithane M‐45 moderately inhibited aflatoxin synthesis. Treatment with fungitoxicants also alters the ratio of B1 and G1.


In this paper,the response of broadside protection structure under inner blast is studied,in which the damage of the structure and the response of the longitudinal bulkheads are discussed in detail.The results show that the severest destroyed structure is the expansion cabin,and the inboard structures of the water cabin are of litter damage.The clapboards' distance in the expansion cabin imposes most of its influence on the side plating and deck of the expansion cabin while litter on the inboard structures of water cabin.


Compared Wen Wang eight diagrams with Fuxi eight diagrams, the position of the Qian (heaven) hexagrams shifted from due south to northwest, which was closely related to the early geographical environment and climate change in the eastern part of the Eurasian continent. In the pre-Qin period, the migration and conflict of ethnic groups were mostly caused from the northwest region. The western Zhou dynasty and the Qin empire both rose from the northwest region of China and became the decisive force influencing the historical process of China. People summarize the history and refine historical events into eight diagrams. The thought of "heaven's way in the northwest" is the main reason for the change of the position of the hexagrams.


'Star Ruby' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) grew well on Texas sour orange and bittersweet orange (C. aurantium L.), Cleopatra and Sunki mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco), Colombia sweet line (C. limettioides Tan.), and Troyer citrange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. × C. sinensis (L.) Osb.] rootstocks. Growth was most vigorous on Texas sour orange and Troyer citrange. Trees on Columbia sweet lime and Sunki mandarin developed problems with Phytophthora foot rot. Most of the trees on Christiansen trifoliate orange (P. trifoliata) and Swingle citrumelo (P. trifoliata × C. paradisi) developed severe chlorosis and died. Trees on Morton citrange were slow growing, somewhat chlorotic, and slightly affected by foot rot.


Squamous odontogenic tumor is a rare benign neoplasm and may affect multiple sites in the mouth. The authors review the cl inical, radiographic and histopathological features of Squamous odontogenic tumor and report a case of a patient with recurrent Squamous odontogenic tumor and 12 years of followup and discuss diagnostic criteria and therapeutic approaches. Indexing terms: Diagnosis. Recurrence. Odontogenic tumors. 1 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Odontologia, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Odontologia. R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, sala 503, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Correspondencia para/Correspondence to: M. SANT ANA FILHO. E-mail: . 2 Doutorando em Patologia Bucal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Odontologia, Porto Alegre, RS. 3 Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Patologia. Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. RELATO DE CASO M.G. OLIVEIRA et al. Rev. Cienc. Med., Campinas, 16(1):51-56, jan./fev., 2007 52


By using of the"Special Movement Cognition Anxious Meter"to test the special movement anxious of our male Sanda athletes,it has been shown that:1)The special movement cognition anxious of elite male Sanda player surpassd to the common male Sanda athlete and"often the mold".2)The special movement cognition anxious of elite male Sanda player was not effected by the age,the training age limit,the participative number of times and the correlation influence,the special movement cognition anxious level and the structure relative stable.3)The level of the special movement cognition anxious of elite male Sanda athletes was in the medium anxious level.


Introduction : Oxidative stress is an important issue in the reduction of recovery rate of bypass patients. Antioxidant supplements have a pivotal role on modifying oxidative stress and inflammation in these patients. In the current study attempts have been made to investigate the synergistic effects of taking Resveratrol supplement with selective exercise recovery training on the lipid profile of patients. Methods: In a randomized clinical trial study, among 85 patients referred to the Farshchian Cardiovascular Subspecialty University Hospital, who undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery and had not chest angina symptom during exercise test, 40 voluntary subjects were entered into the study and randomly assigned to the four groups: Resveratrol supplement consumption (RSC; n=10), Resveratrol supplement with rehabilitation (RSR; n=10), rehabilitation exercise training  (RET; n=10), and control (Con; n=10). The selective sports exercises program lasted for eight weeks. Treatment sessions were organized three secessions for every other day during eight weeks, while supplement group subjects received 400 mg/day resveratrol. Blood sample was taken before exercise training and after 48 hours.  Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), Low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol (CHOL) concentration were measured. Analysis of covariance was used for data analyzing and 0.05 was considered as a level of significance Results: Results showed that TG and CHOL concentration improved in the RET, RSR, and RSC than control (p≤0.05), while there was no significant difference between RET, RSR, and RSC (P˃0.05).  There is a significant LDL change in RET than control (P=0.046). Also HDL contrarian in RSR was greater than control (P=0.007). Conclusion: It can be said that combined reasveratrol and selective exercise rehabilitation training could improve some lipid profiles and it is more effective than just exercise training rehabilitation and Resveratrol supplement on lipid profiles.


The present article aims at defining the role of "Global and Strategic Consultant", a competence profile the Psychologist may put on in order to contribute to the management of Uncertainty, characterizing the Community interactive shape; or rather, a service fitting the current historical moment features. This speculation roots in a reflection concerning: current historical period transformations; economical, financial and social scenarios; great (climatic, demographic, technological) variations involving the whole Human Community. Hence the requirement arises: having at our disposal epistemological and methodological instruments, whose utility is to allow us to manage the Uncertainty, characterizing Community life in the current historical contingency. Therefore, considering these reflections, the paper has two cognitive axis: the law in force, in order to trace the Psychologist contribution on facing the present scenario; Etymology and Philology, as epistemological foundation elements of the profession we are proposing: a Community operator whose purpose is, not only responding to users' demands, but also – and above all – strategically operating on the requirement, that is to say the interactive process generating the same demands.


Objective: To relate the socio-demographic profile of mothers with their breast feeding practices. Design: Hospital based cross sectional study. Setting: Urban tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used. The information was collected by using interview technique. Study was carried out from June 2005 to October 2005 in a tertiary care hospital. In the hospital 991 women availed the services during study period and 600 (60.5%) of them were covered in this study. These women were interviewed after the delivery in the hospital during postnatal period. Details of their socio-demographic features and breast feeding profile were collected. Ethical concern: No ethical issues were involved. Data analysis: The data were analysed with the help of EpiInfo software (version. 3.2). Proportions & frequencies were calculated by doing bivariate analysis. Results: A total of 600 women were covered of those women 309 (51.5%) were young <25 years, 345 (57.5%) mothers were literate and 537 (89.5%) mothers gave colostrum to their babies. Prelacteal feed was given by 205 (34.2%) of mothers in the present study. Conclusion: The observations of the study will help in understanding the current breast feeding practices of mothers attending hospital


Environmental enrichment (EE) and voluntary exercise (VEx) have consistently been shown to increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis and improve spatial learning ability. Although it appears that these two manipulations are equivalent in this regard, evidence exists that EE and VEx affect different phases of the neurogenic process in distinct ways. We review the data suggesting that EE increases the likelihood of survival of new cells, whereas VEx increases the level of proliferation of progenitor cells. We then outline the factors that may mediate these relationships. Finally, we provide a model showing that VEx leads to the convergence of key somatic and cerebral factors in the dentate gyrus (DG) to induce cell proliferation. Although insufficient evidence exists to provide a similar model for EE, we suggest that EE‐induced cell survival in the DG involves cortical restructuring as a means of promoting survival. We conclude that EE and VEx lead to an increase in overall hippocampal neurogenesis via dissociable pathways, and should therefore, be considered distinct interventions with regard to hippocampal plasticity and associated behaviors. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The Procuracy, Putin, and the Rule of Law in Russia Gordon B. Smith Law, Citizenship, and Rights of Non-Russian Nationalities, Past and Present Susan Heuman Interpretation and Accommodation in the Russian Constitutional Court Anders Fogelklou "Tinkering with Tenure": The Russian Constitutional Court in a Comparative Perspective Alexei Trochev Informal Practices in Russian Justice: Probing the Limits of Post-Soviet Reform Peter H. Solomon, Jr. Judicial Review of Governmental Actions: A Tool for Russian NGOs? Anna Jonsso Lay Judges in Rostov Province Stefan Machura and Olga Litvinova The International Effect of Judicial Decisions and Notarial Instruments Vladimir V. Yarkov EU Rules on Judicial Cooperation with Russia and Ukraine in Civil and Commercial Matters Alexander Trunk Eugene Schuyler and the Bulgarian Constitution of 1876 Patricia Herlihy The Role of the European Union in Rebuilding Serbia as a Rechtsstaat Ljubica Djordjevic The Rule of Law in Russia in a European Context Ferdinand Feldbrugge


Traditional healers were called into the refugee camps in Thailand in 1979 to deal with those who were suffering from mental disorders. It was felt too that these same patients could benefit by treatment of physical ailments as well. Once the principle of cooperation between traditional healers and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) was accepted traditional medical centers were opened in 4 refugee camps. These centers were supplied with traditional Khmer pharmaceuticals about 250 substances derived from plants and other sources. These traditional Khmer healers are called krou of which there are various categories depending upon their special kind of knowledge. About 50 Khmers work in each traditional medical center as a group. Consultations are given by 3 or 4 krou. The krou do not hesitate to ask the opinion of Western doctors when there is felt to be a risk. While ethically and traditionally the krou feels morally obliged to care for anyone consulting them they do occasionally refuse to treat a patient or may even insist that the patient seek modern medical therapy. Traditional Khmer medicine is quite elaborate and there are 5 basic forms of treatment: medication therapeutic burning rubefaction massage and treatment by magic. Medicines exist for both internal and external use as well as dry inhalations which may be prescribed. Therapeutic burns pose no real danger although the resultant scars may be unpleasant to see. Rubefaction a temporary congestion of the skin is a very popular form of treatment. Traditional Khmer massage is centered in veins arteries nerves and the long fibers and is very strong. These traditional medicine centers have satisfied a definite need and have enabled many doctors and nurses to acquire greater understanding of the part played by cultural phenomena in pathological symptomatology.


A new problem of decreasing of the degree of closed-loop characteristic polynomial by suitable choice of state feedbacks for strongly singular linear systems is formulated and solved. Necessary and sufficient conditions are established under which it is possible to choose state feedbacks such that the nonzero closed-loop characteristic polynomial has zero degree. A procedure for computation of the feedback gain matrices is proposed.


Abstract 3-Phenyl-1-(thiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one obtained by Claisen–Schmidt condensation of 2-acetyl thiophene with benzaldehyde was converted into 2,3-dibromo-3-phenyl-1-(thiophen-2-yl)propan-1-one, which on treatment with various thiosemicarbazides in the presence of triethylamine in absolute ethanol, yielded the corresponding hydroxy pyrazolines 3a–h. All the compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectra.


Acupoints are the positions for the Qi and Blood to be injected into human body.The changes in Qi and Blood of human body could be shown as the changes of the corresponding acupoints,such as the changes of electric properties of these acupoints.This paper designsed a hardware system based on the acquisition card PCI8335B,which is mainly composed of AD9833,AD620 and AD8302.To measure the acupoints impedance,VB language is adopted to program the PCI8335B and to collect the electric signal from acupoints.


It is important to remember that the small amounts of carbon dioxide that are usually present in water can have large effects on acid-base equilibria of dilute solutions and that dilute solutions of most weak acids and bases undergo significant protonation or hydrolysis when they are dissolved in water.


Objective:To evaluate the clinical value of Auto Cyte PREP Thin-layer Cytology Test for cervical carcinoma screening.Methods:This study was performed on 2 198 women with cervical diseases consulting in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Union Hospital in Wuhan,Hubei province.Cervical samples were collected into a liquid buffer and utilized for Auto Cyte PREP cytological screening.Those whose samples were classified as ASCUS or above were instructed to do subsequent colposcopic biopsies.Results:The specimen adequacy of the Auto Cyte PREP slides was good.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the overall detection were 81.6%,91.4% and 87.7% respectively.The sensitivity of SCC,HSIL and LSIL was 100%,85.9% and 77.9% respectively.The grades of cytology agreed to those of histology roughly.Conclusion:The Auto Cyte PREP cytology improves the quality of preparation greatly and demonstrates a high accuracy for the detection of abnormal squamous intraepithelial lesions,especially for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions.


Person re-identification is a challenging problem in computer vision due to large variations of appearance among different cameras. Recently, metric learning is widely used to model the transformation between cameras. However, traditional metric learning based methods only learn one metric for the whole feature space, which cannot model different kinds of appearance variations well. In this paper, we introduce bagging into metric learning, and propose a bagging-based large margin nearest neighbor (LMNN) method for person re-identification. That is, multiple LMNN predictors are generated on sub-regions of the feature space and leveraged to obtain an aggregated predictor for performance improvement. Two bagging strategies, sample-bagging and feature-bagging, are proposed and compared. Extensive experiments on three benchmarks demonstrate the superiority of proposed approach over state-of-the-art methods.


Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features,diagnostic criteral and differential diagnosis of malignangt adenomyoepithelioma(MAME) of the breast.Methods One case of breast MAME were analyzed by morphological observation and immunohistochemistry,and reviewed relevant literature.Results Histologically,the tumor consisted of adenoepithelial and myoepithelial cells,and clear myoepithelial cells was predominant.The tumor shows invasive border,mitoses are abundant.The immunohistochemical study demonstrated that myoepithelial cells were positive of P63,CK5/6,SMAandCalponin,negative of ER and PR.While adenoepithelial cells positive of ER and PR.Conclusion MAME of the breast are rare,come from benign adenomyoepithelioma,The epithelial or myoepithelila components of benign AME can be transformed into malinancies,but latter is the most.Morphological features combined with immunohistochemistry can assist in the diagonsis of this tumor.Malignant AME are have a stong invasive behavior,the pathient with lymph node metastasis or recurrence may have a poor prognosis.


We demonstrate that study of large t vector meson photoproduction with rapidity gaps in ultraperipheral proton-ion and ion-ion collisions at LHC would allow to investigate the energy dependence of cross section of elastic scattering of a small dipole off the parton over a wide range of energies 10 3 < s dipole − parton < 10 6 GeV 2 where this cross section is expected to change by a factor ≥ 20. The accessible energy range exceeds the one reached at HERA by a factor of 10 both in γp and in γA scattering. In addition, study of A-dependence of this process will allow to determine the t range where interaction of small dipoles gives the dominant contribution and to investigate effects of absorption for the propagation of ultrarelativistic small q ¯ q dipoles through the nuclear media and probe in a novel way onset of the black disk regime. The current HERA measurements report cross sections integrated over M X from the minimal value M X = m N up to some experimentally fixed upper limit of ˆ M . At fixed t this obviously corresponds to the cross section integrated over x from x = 1 to the value x min determined from Eq.(3) at M X = ˆ M . to reveal the dynamics of pQCD the t-range 0 . γp


This article first presents briefly systematic principles of mutimedia classroom , then approaches certain problems in the process of its application, and later it puts forward corresponding measures.


Abstract Lead magnesium niobate Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN) is a relaxor ferroelectric with a disordered perovskite structure. A statistical inhomogeneity in the distribution of Mg2+ and Nb5+ ions in the B-sites of an ABO3 perovskite lattice leads to a wide Curie temperature range in which the crystal exhibits an intimate mixture of paraelectric and ferroelectric microregions. Relaxor-type ferroelectrics such as PMN show somewhat unusual electrostrictive phenomena. Although the polarization-related electrostrictive coefficients Q (defined as x = QP2 ) are one order of magnitude smaller than those of simple perovskite compounds, large electrostrictive strains can be obtained because of their huge dielectric constants. A quadratic relation between the induced elastic strain and the electric polarization holds even below the average Curie temperature. The electrostrictive properties of PMN and related materials are reviewed in this article. Relaxor ferroelectrics are promising transducer materials for use as acti...


Various efforts to achieve good governance and clean government are included in the implementation of public services. The rise of problems that occurred in the existing bureaucracy in Indonesia is a government officer who is not professional in carrying out its activities as a state apparatus. Based on the fact that in the world of bureaucracy reinforced by the arguments of experts it can be concluded that the professionalism of government officials is the key to success in the success of bureaucratic activities, which included in the professionalism of bureaucrats, among others on organizational culture, organizational goals, organizational structure, work procedures in bureaucracy, application of merit system.


Abstract The expansive life-spans of Gen 5 and 11 were in the main organized in MT around the numbers 900, 600, 400 and 200. The first three of these figures were apparently adapted from foundational algebraic exercises in the sexagesimal mathematics of Babylonia, in which they are products of 30 and 20. That the author's inspiration for the scheme came from this mathematics is suggested also by the step-down from a 400-group to a 200-group. The strongest evidence that 200 has a special affinity with the larger figures comes from a mathematical problem devised in the Old Babylonian period, wherein the core number is sexagesimal 3,20, the equivalent of decimal 200. The threefold application of 3,20 in the problem raises the possibility that the biblical chronologist may have been induced thereby to create a triadic arrangement for both the 400-group and the 200-group.


Ultrashort pulsed lasers based on thin disk technology have entered the 100 W regime and deliver several tens of MW peak power without chirped pulse amplification. Highest uptime and insensitivity to back reflections make them ideal tools for efficient and cost effective industrial micromachining. Frequency converted versions allow the processing of a large variety of materials. On one hand, thin disk oscillators deliver more than 30 MW peak power directly out of the resonator in laboratory setups. These peak power levels are made possible by recent progress in the scaling of the pulse energy in excess of 40 μJ. At the corresponding high peak intensity, thin disk technology profits from the limited amount of material and hence the manageable nonlinearity within the resonator. Using new broadband host materials like for example the sesquioxides will eventually reduce the pulse duration during high power operation and further increase the peak power. On the other hand industry grade amplifier systems deliver even higher peak power levels. At closed-loop controlled 100W, the TruMicro Series 5000 currently offers the highest average ultrafast power in an industry proven product, and enables efficient micromachining of almost any material, in particular of glasses, ceramics or sapphire. Conventional laser cutting of these materials often requires UV laser sources with pulse durations of several nanoseconds and an average power in the 10 W range. Material processing based on high peak power laser sources makes use of multi-photon absorption processes. This highly nonlinear absorption enables micromachining driven by the fundamental (1030 nm) or frequency doubled (515 nm) wavelength of Yb:YAG. Operation in the IR or green spectral range reduces the complexity and running costs of industrial systems initially based on UV light sources. Where UV wavelength is required, the TruMicro 5360 with a specified UV crystal life-time of more than 10 thousand hours of continues operation at 15W is an excellent choice. Currently this is the world's most powerful industrial sub-10 ps UV laser.


The Waremme viaduct is part of the Brussels-Cologne TGV link. Due to the presence of a top layer of compressible soil overlying chalk, with flint and calcareous boulders and highly weathered in many places, the viaduct had to be founded on 2442 closed end tubular driven piles. The pile tests carried out on these piles indicated bearing capacities much lower than the required values and the foundation design had to be reconsidered accordingly. It was also decided to carry out an additional soil investigation based on pressuremeter tests and more adequate for complex soils that CPT tests. A new piling technique, much more efficient in weathered chalk, was also proposed and tested. The main results obtained on instrumented tested piles are presented.


Knowledge visualization is a fascinating study field that has received more attention. In e-Science environment, people pay more attention to the scientific visualization and data visualization. Visualization about information exchange and knowledge sharing is rare to be mentioned. If the concept maps, a visualization tool, are used to help members in e-Science environment to describe their structure of knowledge in communication, it can facilitate thinking together and the collective wisdom, it also can promote the knowledge sharing and the creation of the new knowledge. In this paper, we discuss the application of concept maps and we promote an application model in e-Science environment.


Humans are able to change their environments to suit their needs - not so animals and plants, they have to change themselves.


The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of preschool on children's school readiness in connection with their intellectual abilities, language competence and parents' education. The sample included 219 children from 68 to 83 months old attending the first year of primary school, differentiated by whether or not they had attended preschool before starting school. Children's intellectual ability was determined using Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices, language competence using the Lestvice splošnega govornega razvoja–LJ (Scales of General Language Development) and school readiness with the Preizkus pripravljenosti za šolo (Test of School Readiness). The results indicate that children's intellectual ability and language competence have high predictive value for the school readiness because they explain 51% of the variance in children's scores on the Preizkus pripravljenosti za šolo. Preschool enrollment has a positive effect on school readiness for children whose parents have a low level of education, but not for those whose parents are highly educated. The results obtained indicate that enrollment in preschool is able to compensate for deficiencies in children's development if the parents have a lower level of education. Preschool is not an important factor in school readiness for children whose parents are highly educated. These parents probably already offer their children quality stimulation in the family environment that preschool activities do not surpass.


The victory of Dogali (1887) represents the first successful resistance to European colonialism in Northeast Africa, and as such its historical significance has been immense. For some obscure reason, however, it was neglected in Ethiopian historiography until the last quarter of the 20th century when it was popularized for academic and political purposes. Its impact in history was twofold: on the international level, it cracked the Triple Alliance which ʿAdwa, the historical culmination of Dogali, subsequently rendered ineffective for good. On the national or regional level, Dogali initiated a campaign for liberty and sovereignty which was to last for decades and in which ʿAdwa and Maycaw were to stand as landmarks. These landmarks were nonetheless fought deep in the heart of the country, and in this respect Dogali, which took place way out of the effective control of the Empire, is no doubt exemplary.


Objective To investigate how to reduce morbi dity of premature de livery and mortality of premature infants. Methods The main causes of 220 pati ents with premature delivery were analyzed retrospectively, and the complication s and the mortality were observed in different body weight premature infants, in different gestational weeks and with treatment of different dosage of glucocort icoid. Results Premature rupture of membrane and twins were the main causes of nature premature delivery, fetal distress, pregnancy-induced hypertension syndr ome and placental hemorrhage were the main causes of secondary premature deliver y. The mortality of premature infant increased with the decrease of gestational age, and glucocorticoid could reduce the morbidity of respiratory distress syndr ome of newborn (NRDS) before 35 gestational weeks (P0.05). Conclus ions Antena tal care and proper treatment earlier can increase the survival rate of prematur e infants.