Context: Identification and investigation of the prevalence of factors that may cause needlestick injuries can provide a field ground about preventive planning. Aims: The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of sharp object injuries among the operating room staff of Ahvaz educational hospitals in 2017. Settings and Design: In the present cross-sectional descriptive study, attempts are made to assess the prevalence of needlestick injuries among 104 operating room staff (Bachelor of Science) of Imam Khomeini, Razi, Golestan hospitals of Ahvaz. Materials and Methods: Researcher-made questionnaire was sued for data collection. Statistical Analysis Used: The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 and descriptive statistical tests (mean, standard deviation, and relative frequency) and analytical tests (independent t-test, Chi-square, and Fisher test). Results: The results of this study showed that suture needle is the most common cause of needlestick injury. Factors that affect the frequency of needlestick injuries include overhastiness (76%), significant workload (70.2%), and not taking precautions (63.5%). Most needlestick injuries occur during surgery (90.4%), removal of needle (19.2%), washing of contaminated instruments (13.5%), and blood drawing and injection (6.7%). The most frequent taken measure after sustaining needlestick injuries is washing of hands with soap and water (82.7%). Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of needlestick in the operating room, it is necessary to develop programs to prevent this problem.


In this thesis, the problem of long-term generation expansion planning of electrical energy in the presence of renewable energy sources with regard to uncertainty in forecasted load, availability of system components, as well as uncertainty in the output power of renewable energy units and electricity prices in restructured environment of the electricity industry have been addressed. In addition to optimizing the total investment costs, operation and maintenance costs of power units, maximizing the profit function in a competitive environment and reducing environmental pollution during the planning period, the system will have the ability to respond to the increasing demand for energy in a stable and reliable situation. In order to achieve the above mentioned objectives, the initial investment cost and the cost of maintenance, operation and salvage cost of electricity generation units in the first stage, and the environmental and economic indices in the second phase are considered as objective functions. The limitations of reliability, pollution, economic, maximum development units and reserve capacity are considered as constraints. Among renewable energy sources, wind and solar units are considered in the GEP with regard to their generation uncertainty. Also, to optimize the problem, a dragonfly multi-objective algorithm (MODA) has been used. After optimizing the objective functions, a fuzzy decision method is used to select the best particle. Proposed methods have been tested on the IEEE 24 bus system and are finally analyzed based on various indicators. The evaluation of the simulation results revealed the necessity of modeling the uncertainties in the GEP problem and it is clear that the entry of uncertainties and constraints in the GEP problem in the restructured environment increases the initial cost But in the long run, it reduces operating costs and also increases the profit function compared to the traditional one. Also, due to the increase in unit capacity, the reliability index of the system increases significantly


In order to study the killing effects of doramectin on Haenatopinus tuberculatus in piglets and provide the fundamental information for doramectin in clinic application, the experiment was carried out with 80 ablactated piglets treated with doramectin injection and ivermectin injection. The results showed that it was effective in all drug groups, protection period of residue drug both the high and middle level groups after injecting doramectin was up to 120 days. It is effective and suitable that the piglets with Haenatopinus tuberculatus are treated with (doramectin) in 300 μg/kg bw.


The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of shadowing effects at the network level of an UMTS-FDD system. As we show, shadowing phenomena engender an increase of the total amount of interference, which may lead to coverage and capacity limitations. To account for the interference increase we introduce global shadowing margins added to path losses, whose values depend on the probability of macro-diversity of a mobile. A theoretical uplink study is presented and numerically validated using the FTR&D fast modelling tool. It is then extended to the downlink. Besides, a sensitivity analysis shows that these margin values remain relatively unchanged with the load. A direct application of these results is to simplify 3G network-dimensioning studies and to reduce the amount of Monte Carlo runs necessary for a network-planning tool to correctly account for shadowing randomness.


Social representations of history (SRH) provide symbolic resources enabling a society or culture to communicate what has worked for it in the past when facing challenges today. SRH (or collective memories) enrich process-oriented psychology with content that moderates and provides mediators for culture-general theories. They are produced by nation-states to provide a "warrant of antiquity" that legitimizes their claims to sovereignty. SRH are considered as a form of narrative for national or global identity, with schematic narrative templates casting groups or individuals as heroes and villains in the psyche of peoples, from which lessons can be drawn. Through the World History Survey and national case studies, this chapter illustrates how collective memory retains from the past only that which is still capable of living in the consciousness of the groups in the present, and, through a continual process of selection, interpretation, and retention enables both continuity and change in managing social identities.


The article presents the results of the development of legislation governing the concept, form and procedure for concluding electronic contracts between business entities (B2B). The considered methods of concluding contracts on the Internet have already become widespread, although in the legal sense they remain poorly understood and insufficiently regulated. Therefore, it is now very important to lay the legal framework for the regulation of contractual relations on the Internet, because with the advent of new online services, there are new ways of concluding contracts. It is proposed to recognize the electronic form of contracts as a new form of contracts, other than simple written. The role of electronic digital signature in concluding electronic contracts has been established, the legislation regulating the use of electronic digital signature has been studied. It is proposed to improve the legislation of Ukraine, namely: allocation of the electronic form of the transaction in a separate, with its further division into electronic contracts concluded via the Internet using any available technical means (filling out the form in the browser / e-mail correspondence / use of managers or mobile applications) and concluded via the Internet with the obligatory use of electronic signatures.


Aim To evaluate the effectiveness of external beam irradiation in bone pain secondary to metastases; with emphasis on the onset of symptoms relief, the duration of response and relate onset of pain relief to age in = 40 years and = 40years patients.                                                        Setting Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria. Result Breast cancer is the commonest cause of metastatic bone pain from solid tumours in Zaria, Nigeria. Females were more commonly affected. Two out of every 5 patients were less than 40 years old. Eighty-six percent of the patients obtained significant pain relief in the first week of treatment. At 12 weeks, the mean pain score and analgesic scores were 0.67 and 0.16 respectively. Conclusion External beam irradiation is an effective treatment modality in an African population with metastatic bone pain. Key Words: Bone, metastasis, radiotherapy, pain, control


Psychiatria Danubina, 2022; Vol. 34, Suppl. 4, pp 29-877 S137 Acknowledgement: The research is supported by: 2020 Jiangsu Universities' Philosophy and Social Science Researches "Research on curriculum resources development of earth science vocational enlightenment education from the perspective of general vocational integration" (No.2020SJA0651); 2021 Jiangsu Social Science Fund Programs "Research on Jiangsu emergency management personnel training"(No.21GLD015); 2022 Jiangsu Research Projects of Vocational Education Reform" Ideological and political construction and practice of five-year curriculum of resources and environment specialty in higher vocational colleges from the perspective of all-round education"; 2022 Jiangsu "Qinglan project" of training outstanding young teacher of colleges and universities.


Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus) (Perciformes: Cichlidae), commonly named "tilapia", is the second most cultivated species in the world. Among the diseases that affect tilapia are parasitic diseases caused by parasites of the class Monogenoidea. The aim of the present study was to analyze parasitism rates among specimens of O. niloticus in farming systems, after dietary supplementation with ractopamine, a growth promoter that is used for fattening fish. The action of this substance on the quantitative parameters of infestation by Monogenoidea was evaluated. Samples of O. niloticus were obtained from a fish farm in Brasília, Federal District, Brazil. Their gills were removed and fixed. Four species of monogenoideans were collected: Cichlidogyrus halli, C. sclerosus, C. thurstonae and Scutogyrus longicornis. The results from this study indicate that the monogenoidean parasites of tilapias examined here presented different behaviors in relation to the ractopamine concentrations that were added to the food. The parasitological indexes did not present significant reductions through using ractopamine, thus leading to the conclusion that administration of ractopamine is not efficient as a method for controlling infestations of monogenoidean parasites.


The colonization process and successional patterns of a periphytic algal community were evaluated in a Amazonian Viveiro Lake (Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil). Sampling was performed over a period of 35 days; at four-day intervals for 20 days, and then at five-day intervals. Water sampling for physical, chemical and biological analyses was done during the dry and rainy season. Glass slides were used as artificial substrates for periphyton colonization. The structural community was evaluated through population density, algae class, diversity indices and descriptive species. Species richness, diversity and evenness increased as succession progressed. While density of Bacillariophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Zygnemaphyceae increased with succession, Cyanobacteria remained dominant. Synechocystis aquatilis, Synechocystis diplococcus and Navicula pseudolanceolata were the main descriptive species in both the dry and rainy season. Cymbela tumida, Frustulia rhomboides, Trachelomonas lacustris and Closterium acicularis was correlated with an increase in hydrologic level during the rainy season. Conversely, the density of Chlamydomonas sp., Chroomonas nordstedtii, Trachelomonas volvocinopsis, Trachelomonas volvocina and Synechococcus linearis was correlated with an increase in water transparency during the dry season. In general, the periphytic algal community showed high diversity and species richness independent of season. Season also had little influence on representation of algae class and main descriptive species. However, successional patterns varied by season, and changes in hydrologic levels acted directly on the succession path of periphytic algae. More research on periphyton dynamics is needed to improve our understanding of tropical lake ecosystems, especially in Amazonian.


Frequent ethnomedicinal surveys were conducted between August 2004 to March 2008 in different villages of Ratlam district. Results of these surveys indicated that 36 plant species are interestingly used for the treatment of various respiratory disorders such as Asthma, Cough and Cold, Throat infection, Hoarseness, Tuberculosis, Pneumonia etc. prevalent in the bhil tribe of the district. Botanical names followed by family, local names and the ethnomedicinal uses have been provided.


Use of a shipyard for fabricating trusses has enabled the construction team to meet a tight construction programme on a major commercial and retail development Martin Cooper reports that steel is playing a key role in the transformation of Belfast's waterfront.


SUMMARY

In the absence of nematodes, three different symptoms of disease, parts of the brown root rot complex (BRR), occurred on tomato roots surviving in soils infested with GSF (= grey sterile fungus) and Colletotrichum atramentarium (Berk. & Br.) Taubenh. In heavily infested soils brown lesions occurred throughout cropping, appearing within a week of planting. Corkiness and black dot, caused by GSF and C. atramentarium respectively, rarely occurred until the third month after planting but towards the end of the season the incidence of black dot sometimes suddenly increased greatly.

Observations of crops growing in plots treated with different soil partial sterilants suggested that GSF was more damaging than C. atramentarium. Yield was not related to the incidence of black dot but was inversely proportional to the occurrences of brown lesions and corkiness. The relation with brown lesions was significant within 8 weeks of planting, when most brown lesions gave cultures of GSF, but later more of these lesions gave cultures of C. atramentarium than of GSF.

Pathogenicity tests with pure cultures of GSF and C. atramentarium were done on agar media and by artificially infesting partially sterilized soils. Roots of undamaged seedlings on agar media developed 10 mm. brown lesions within 2 weeks of inoculating 10-day-old tomatoes with most GSF cultures isolated from: (1) rotted roots of Lycopersicon esculentum, Solanum capsicastrum, Capsicum annuum var. longum and C. frutescens; (2) browned zones of Lycopersicon hirsutum roots; and (3) apparently healthy roots of Cucumis sativus. After inoculation with C. atramentarium, small (c. 2 mm.) pink lesions developed, whereas none formed using Pyrenochaeta spp.

In soil tests the greater root damage done by GSF, including root loss, was reflected in decreased aerial growth and smaller fruit yields; C. atramentarium affected neither. In the second year of soil infestation GSF decreased yields during 6 weeks of picking from 1.96 kg. in the uninoculated controls to 1.02 kg./plant.

The pattern of damage done by GSF changed as plants aged. In soil, brown lesions occurred within a few days of planting but corkiness did not appear for 2–3 months, when stem lesions and leaf yellowing often developed simultaneously. A 50% root loss after 21 weeks did not affect fruit yields whereas a 40% loss within 11 weeks of planting was reflected by a 45% yield decrease.


Carbon nanotubes are the closed tabular structures consisting of nested cylindrical graphitic layers capped by fullerene-like ends with a hollow internal cavity, which were first discovered by lijima in 1991. It consists of either one cylindrical graphene sheet, i.e., single-wall nanotube (SWNT)) or of several nested cylinders with an interlayer spacing of 0.34-0.36 nm, i.e., multiwall nanotube (MWNT)). The lengths of SWNTs and MWNTs are usually well over 1 μm and diameters range from ∼1 nm (for SWNTs) to -50 nm (for MWNTs). SWNTs are usually closed at both ends by fullerene-like half spheres that contain both pentagons and hexagons. Carbon nanotubes show exceptional electronic and mechanical properties. They are flexible but very hard to stretch and have extremely low turn-on fields and high current densities ranking them among the best electron field emitters for future field emission displays. This article presents an overview of current state of research on carbon nanotubes. In this review, we have focused on different synthesis routes for carbon nanotubes growth, used during last 12 years and possible future applications of carbon nanotubes especially in fuel cell and field emission displays. We have also discussed various parametric studies reported by several groups and extracted from their observations the common factors, which seem to be important towards a controlled production of carbon nanotubes. The limitations of these approaches, compatibility between an up-scaled production, the quality of the grown nanotube materials as well as the question of an economic production, have also been addressed.


The oxygen uptake rate (OUR) was studied in a solid state fermentation process of dried citrus peel with the strain Aspergillus niger QH-2 in order to obtain the growth estimation of the microorganism in the system.

The relationship between OUR, the maintenance coefficient (m) and the yield for oxygen consumption YO2 allows the estimation of the biomass rate if we consider that both parameters are not constants in some periods of the process.

It was estimated that in the first 24th the strain has an specific growth rate of 0.174 h−1 with values for YO2 and m in the order of 2.84 g-cell/g-oxygen and 0.006 g-oxygen/g-cell ·h respectively.


M&E are, perhaps the least emphasized areas in development programs/projects implementation of Nepal, as reflected in the continuous low performance of the periodic plans themselves. This paper attempts to present an analysis of the methodologies used in whatever scanty exercise done in the area in the recent past and highlights their limitations due to the differences in the techniques of surveys and studies. Following this, an effort is made by the author to develop a comprehensive framework for an effective M&E of development projects. Particular emphasis is placed on the M&E of poverty reduction projects as the basic goals of the Tenth Plan as well as development of a methodology for the active role of local government in the process. Basic issues such as income measurement and other indicators to development are discussed along with highlights on the specific desirable characteristics and the robustness of the indicators. A proposed M&E arrangement for poverty reduction is presented from the central to the grassroots level. Relevant critical issues in data generation and use in M&E are discussed with specific emphasis on poverty reduction focused development projects including pro-poor strategies. An analytical framework is also presented on critical development performance issues, in general and for the meaningful public participation in M&E.

 Economic Journal of Nepal Vol.28(3) 2005 pp.127-148


It introduces the geologic features of tunnel cave and cave entrance project,elaborates the principles of construction,discusses anti-dumping skill and constructing parameters,points out cave entrance construction should in accordance with the principle of "early entrance,late out",which is in compliance with concrete situation,so as to ensure the favoring execution of the project.


In 18 patients with congestive heart failure, the 14C-aminopyrine demethylation rate was studied by the breath-test, 24 hours after the measurement of haemodynamic parameters. In the 12 patients with a cardiac index higher than 2.2 l/m2/min, the half life of 14CO2 specific activity in breath was found to be significantly correlated (p less than 0.001, r = 0,82) with the telediastolic pressure of the right ventricle. On the other hand, in the 6 patients with a cardiac index below 2.2 l/m2/min the 14C-aminopyrine half life was higher than the value predicted by this correlation. Congestive heart failure probably reduces hepatic demethylation of aminopyrine through altered hepatic microsomal function associated with congestion and possibly hypoxia.


For ATM,traffic modeling is an important issue Because the properties of traffics on ATM networks are diversified,but the existing approaches have their own limitation of application in the case of reflecting the statistical properties of real traffic,this paper presents a new simple traffic model The model can realize arbitrary marginal distribution,and its correlation may be not only long range dependence but also short range dependence As a result,the model has general application By means of simulation,we verify the proposed traffic model


We report on the Ge auto-doping and out-diffusion in InGaP epilayer with Cu-Pt ordering grown on 4-in. Ge substrate. Ge profiles determined from secondary ion mass spectrometry indicate that the Ge out-diffusion depth is within 100 nm. However, the edge of the wafer suffers from stronger Ge gas-phase auto-doping than the center, leading to ordering deterioration in the InGaP epilayer. In the edge, we observed a residual Cu-Pt ordering layer left beneath the surface, suggesting that the ordering deterioration takes place after the deposition rather than during the deposition and In/Ga inter-diffusion enhanced by Ge vapor-phase auto-doping is responsible for the deterioration. We thus propose a di-vacancy diffusion model, in which the amphoteric Ge increases the di-vacancy density, resulting in a Ge density dependent diffusion. In the model, the In/Ga inter-diffusion and Ge out-diffusion are realized by the random hopping of In/Ga host atoms and Ge atoms to di-vacancies, respectively. Simulation based on th...


The purpose of this article is to develop the assumption that Winnicott's work can correspond to a possible realization of the elaboration project of a non-naturalistic scientific psychology, as it is found in phenomenology and modern existentialism philosophical conceptions. After distinguishing the clinical aspects of these philosophical propositions, I try to show that Winnicott, on one hand, rejects the use of naturalistic metapsychological speculations, on the other hand, reformulates the ontological model of psychoanalysis, introducing the notion of being; additionally, he introduced a notion of health and redescribed the theory of socioemotional development of the human being, focusing on dependency relationships. Such changes would place psychoanalysis in a non-naturalistic epistemological framework, in accordance with the philosophical influences above mentioned, changing at the same time the psychoanalytical practice itself, both in its objectives and handling.


The paper introduces a method of implementation of highefficiency serial communication under Win32.The method is based on multithreads,message response and communication eventdriven mechanisms and utilizes serial communication asynchronous API functions.The paper also gives main program's example codes and detailed explanation.


in that admittedly awkward terminology, while the phrase &dquo;the press&dquo; has been used for at least two centuries in referring to the printed word. The commission discussed and conferred, attended meetings, and drew conclusions. That must have been an educational process for the members of the commission, and as they are respectable minds, their conclusions will interest the reader. The commission did not sponsor research. We are informed that it &dquo;heard testimony from fifty-eight men and women connected with the press. The staff has recorded interviews with more than 225 members of the industries, Government, and private agencies concerned with the press. The commission held seventeen two-day or threeday meetings and studied 176 documents


The Limonite/TiO2 combined microspheres are prepared and used to treat phenol in source water. The experimental results show that Limonite -TiO2 combined microspheres have high purifying effect on phenol in source water. When the dosage of Limonite/ TiO2 combined microspheres is 1.5g,solution pH is 4.5,reaction time is 90min,light intensity is 1600(x10 lux), the removal rate of phenol in water is the best,and reaches 87.77%.So, Limonite/TiO2 combined microspheres can be used to treat phenol in source water.


The invention provides a light source device. The device comprises a transparent load bearing base, a luminous body, a test drawing plate and a light guide plate, wherein a first accommodating groove of which the two ends are provided with openings and a second accommodating groove of which the two ends are provided with openings are formed on the load bearing base; the second accommodating groove and the first accommodating groove are arranged parallel to each other; the light guide plate comprises a light outlet surface, a reflecting surface which is arranged parallel to the light outlet surface and a pair of end faces which are vertically connected with the light outlet surface and the reflecting surface respectively; the light guide plate and the test drawing plate are arranged in the first accommodating groove and the second accommodating groove respectively; the light outlet surface of the light guide plate is parallelly opposite to the test drawing plate; the luminous body is arranged at the position where the load bearing base is parallelly opposite to the end faces; and light rays emitted by the luminous body are uniformly mixed in the light guide plate and then are irradiated onto the test drawing plate so as to improve the brightness uniformity of the tested light rays.


We justify the averaging technique for the boundary value problems for the normal ODE systems involving large parameters on a finite or semi-infinite interval.


The last decade has been one of upheaval for the U.S. banking industry. Richard M. Salsman's Breaking the Banks, though not flawless, offers a well‐framed theoretical and historical account that goes beneath proximate causes to the underlying sources of unsoundness among American banks. Salsman's diagnosis—that regulation has systematically weakened the banking industry—is all the more credible for having been published a year before it became publicly known that the FDIC had gone broke.


In the context of the energy trilemma (the provision of sustainable, affordable, reliable energy) the application of Low Voltage Direct Current (LVDC) distribution offers several advantages over the incumbent AC distribution system. LVDC distribution can increase the power transfer capability of existing cable assets while reducing the converter complexities required to integrate distributed generators and modern electrical loads to the network. This paper evaluates the technical potential for LVDC street lighting and integrated electric vehicle charging points by considering existing cable specifications, protection schemes and overall system efficiency. The first author was supported by EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Future Power Networks and Smart Grids (EP/L015471/1) with industry support from Rolls-Royce plc. No new data was collected or generated during the course of the research.


The practices of conventional methods for maintenance management in Malaysian Industrialised Building System (IBS) building faced many issues due to IBS component aesthetic and structural defects which occurred repeatedly compared to building maintenance on conventional building, no integration between maintenance systems, lack of co-ordination between design and construction, less defect diagnosis in decision making process as well as lack the intelligent capabilities of linking defect diagnosis operations in maintenance affecting various building elements with IBS component defects knowledge. The purpose of this study is to develop a mechanism to improve IBS component defects knowledge transfer on IBS building maintenance projects through the integration of defect diagnosis and Building Information Modelling (BIM). The case studies were conducted with eight maintenance organisations from client/contractor. The selected maintenance organisation is based on conventional method practices and its major problems, attempt to implement computerised technology and the willingness of staff to share their experiences. The responses from semi-structured interview with engineer was recorded using video camera and transcribed verbatim. The overall findings of this research indicated; design defect, poor quality work by contractor and defect repetition. There is also need to overcome lack of knowledge between engineer and technician regarding with materials, method and design of structure repair which existed with all eight maintenance organisations. In addition, the study also found that several computerised system such as Building Automation System (BAS) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) are used by client/maintenance contractor. BIM technology awareness was found to be limited, with no implementation in IBS building maintenance organisation yet. The proposed solutions are intended to be used for maintenance management practices at Malaysian IBS buildings in order to provide IBS component diagnosis integration with the BIM technology.


In this paper I shall be arguing against the claim made by Erin and Harris (2003) and others, that creating a "regulated market" in organs for transplantation taken from living vendors is both viable practically and a moral imperative. No-one can doubt that there is currently a crisis in the provision of organs for transplantation, with a massive gap between supply and demand. There are a number of reasons for this crisis. Since its development as a life-saving measure in the second half of the last century, organ transplantation has expanded exponentially, both in terms of survival rates, the number of people on the waiting list for the procedure, and the range of transplantable organs. Advances in immuno-suppression and in prevention of infection have led to improvement in both the survival of the recipients and of the transplanted organs. At the same time, there has been an increase in repeat transplantations (following failure of the graft) and in multiple organ transplants. The range of conditions for which transplantation is offered has widened, and transplantable organs now include: kidney, liver (or sections of liver), pancreas, heart and lung. Brain-dead donors can provide all of these organs, while the kidney and sections of the liver and pancreas can also be obtained from living donors. Survival outcomes are better from living (related or unrelated) donors than from cadaveric donors, and, in the case of kidney failure, better from transplantation than from dialysis.  The relevant question, however, is whether permitting a market in human organs is morally justifiable, and, even if it were, whether it would provide a solution to the current crisis. I argue in this paper that organ trading is wrong in principle, since it commodifies the human body and inevitably exploits the poor and the socially vulnerable, and that, far from alleviating the crisis, it is likely to make it worse. First we should note that there is an uncompromising opposition to all forms of organ trading from two major international healthcare organisations.


BACKGROUND: The Burn Specific Health Scale Brief (BSHS‐B), which is the only multidimensional measure to evaluate burn‐specific aspects of health status, has previously been validated in several languages across the world. However, the stability of the underlying construct was not cross‐culturally evaluated. The current study reports on measurement invariance across two samples of Swedish‐ and Dutch‐ speaking patients with burns. METHODS: In a prospective study, 231 and 275 Swedish and Dutch‐Belgian patients with burns, completed the BSHS‐B at 9 or 12 months, respectively, after burn. Using a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, measurement invariance across languages (Swedish and Dutch) was tested. RESULTS: The results of the confirmatory factor analysis in the total sample revealed that the scale structure for the earlier reported three‐factor structure and the original nine‐factor structure was adequate. However, an eight‐factor structure in which hand function and simple abilities were merged provided the best fit. This structure was used to test measurement invariance across the two language groups. The two‐group outcomes testing measurement invariance across Swedish‐ and Dutch‐speaking patients indicated a stable, configural invariance. CONCLUSION: The BSHS‐B seems to function uniformly across both language groups. The BSHS‐B can be used to compare cross‐cultural results in both countries. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic study, level III.


This work aims to study the effect of microstructures of collision welds between various dissimilar metals on the mechanical properties of the weld. In this work, welding between the aluminum-copper, copper-titanium, aluminum-magnesium, titanium-steel, and copper-steel was attempted, and the weld interfaces were examined using optical and electron microscopy. Instrumented peel tests were performed for a qualitative correlation of weld strengths and weld interface microstructure.


Two types of advanced cold-work tool steels were characterized and compared. A higher-alloyed ledeburitic steel with primary carbides (denoted as 9Cr) and a lower-alloyed steel without primary carbides (5Cr) were fabricated by vacuum induction melting and subsequent hot forging. They were spheroidizing-annealed at , quenched at and tempered at 180 or . Their machinability after annealing and hardness, impact toughness, wear resistance after tempering were compared and interpreted in association with their characteristic microstructures. After annealing, 5Cr showed higher resistance to machining due to higher ductility and toughness in spite of lower strength and smaller carbide volume. Owing to smaller carbide volume fraction and the absence of coarse primary carbides, 5Cr showed even better impact toughness although the hardness was lower. The improved toughness of 5Cr resulted in excellent wear resistance, while smaller volume fraction of retained austenite also contributed to it.


Gastrointestinal symptoms have been a part of human history for millennia but it is only in the last 50–75 years that these symptoms have been systematically studied; furthermore, only in the last 25 years has a classification for Functional GI Disorders (FGIDs) existed. In that regard it is important to clarify the clinical and physiological differences between structural ('organic'), motility disorders and FGIDs with regard to their pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Related to this distinction are the attitudes and behaviors that patients, clinicians and western society in particular have toward the understanding and care of patients with FGIDs relative to those with structural abnormalities. Indeed the concept of mind-body dualism which has permeated societal mores have adversely affected research, clinical care and the patient-provider relationship. It is dualism that has tended to refute the possibility of overlap among these disorders. For example, a patient diagnosed with a functional GI disorder, when found to have another diagnosis (e.g., IBD, celiac disease, diverticular disease) is no considered to have a functional GI disorder. That is not correct as will be discussed in this symposium. The Biopsychosocial model allows for the interaction of biological, psychological and social factors to explain the illness condition and its clinical variability. Why a patient with severe IBD disease may have minimal or no symptom or one with minimal disease have severe symptoms. It is operationalized by the brain-gut axis with stress interactions leading to gut dysfunction and gut dysfunction reciprocally affecting brain function. Thus, for example Functional GI Disorders are defined as a 'a group of disorders classified by gastrointestinal symptoms related to any combination of: motility disturbance, visceral hypersensitivity, altered mucosal and immune function, altered gut microbiota and altered CNS processing. This presentation will highlight the history and development of functional GI disorders from a biopsychosocial perspective and as such provide the basis for understanding overlap disorders.


The research introduces a comparative review of atmosphere investigation tasks distribution techniques in local network. The article provides information about algorithms, simulation modeling methods and the results of the modeling.


I present a simplified analytical model that simulates the evolution of the binary population in a dynamically evolving globular cluster. A number of simulations have been run spanning a wide range in initial cluster and environmental conditions by taking into account the main mechanisms of formation and destruction of binary systems. Following this approach, I investigate the evolution of the fraction, the radial distribution, the distribution of mass ratios and periods of the binary population. According to these simulations, the fraction of surviving binaries appears to be dominated by the processes of binary ionization and evaporation. In particular, the frequency of binary systems changes by a factor of 1-5 depending on the initial conditions and on the assumed initial distribution of periods. The comparison with the existing estimates of binary fractions in Galactic globular clusters suggests that significant variations in the initial binary content could exist among the analysed globular cluster. This model has been also used to explain the observed discrepancy found between the most recent N-body and Monte Carlo simulations in the literature.


The computer industry's transition to multiprocessor systems on chip (MPSoC) architectures is increasing the need for new scalable high-bandwidth on-chip communication backbones. Networkon-Chip (NoC) interconnects are gaining interest for serving as the on-chip communication infrastructure. The most important issues to be considered in designing a NoC are topology, routing algorithm, flow control, and buffering and also the trade-offs between performance, power, and area. This research proposes a custom-designed NoC specifically for MPSoCs on FPGAs. The proposed design allows the communication infrastructure to seamlessly scale as the numbers of processors within the chip increases. The design adds a new level of abstraction to remote-access transactions. The design also considers support for the partitioned global address space model with support for optional embedded local memories embedded in the network interface. The network was designed as a mesh topology to allow a reasonable communication capacity in 2-Dimensional space. The communication protocol between source and destination is AMBA AXI4, and the communication between each two adjacent nodes, is typical AXI type valid/ready handshake. The nodes are distinguished by their user specified address range. Each node is assigned a range of addresses, and in each transaction, based on the destination address, the routers decide the the next node, until the transaction reaches the destination. The design has been implemented on a Xilinx Virtex7 FPGA. However, there is no platform dependency to any brand or any model of FPGAs.


In this manuscript we seek to understand how individual organizations resolve contradictory logics that originate from systemic problems such as climate change and poverty. We theoretically sample two heavy manufacturing firms in Kenya faced with a highly chronic poverty issue in their surrounding context accompanied by a contradictory set of logics enacted by organizations looking to address the issue. We draw on institutional theory and institutional economics by suggesting that the successful firm, in collaboration with actors across organizational fields, effectively developed the symbolic and material carriers necessary for the enactment of a new institutional logic. Whereas the symbolic carriers represent the rules and norms that make up a network-level common identity among actors across organizational fields, the material carriers represent a self-governance platform through which formal roles and responsibilities are identified and carried out.


Multi-functional passive form aerobic metabolism move bed, including shell, motor, swinging arms, U type filler ring, drive connecting rod, foot support, the shell is installed on the lathe bed, ann is cased for the motor, the motor passes through the belt and is connected with the swinging arms, said swinging arms does the utility model discloses a multi-functional passive form aerobic metabolism move bed including the cabinet base support and articulate the bed body on the cabinet base support, is provided with on the cabinet base support and is used for making the bed body rotate the riser of lift round the pin joint, the rear end of the bed body is provided with power device hunts, it has the far infrared board that generates heat still to mat formation on the said bed body, and generate heat the board top in the far infrared and be provided with and hang the resonance layer board, the power device that hunts package eccentric wheel swinging arms, the drive connecting rod articulates on the swinging arms, U type filler ring is connected to the swinging arms upper end, the drive small end is connected the foot and is held in the palm to the foot restitope is in U type filler ring both sides. The utility model has the characteristics of comprehensive, the safe practicality of simple to use, function, low in production cost, use area are little etc..


Traditional engine intake port test rig, which is operated inconveniently by hand, conduces to the test person's fatigue and error result. The new test rig has implemented data-acquisition via the computer and sensors. Moreover, the test rig can adjust the lift-distance of the intake valve and dynamoelectric valve automatically via the computer and PLC. The operation of the test rig is convenient and the test result repetitiveness is well.


4,4′-Diethynylbiphenyl crystallizes with four unique molecules in the asymmetric unit. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak C—H⋯π(ring) and C C—H⋯π(alkyne) contacts.


By 1820, much of Spanish South America had achieved independence, and Spain was on the defensive in those areas where her flag still flew. Amongst the countries that gained their independence in this period was Chile, which after the battle of Maipú in April 1818, faced no further threats to its existence from Spain. For many of the new nations, the period immediately after independence was one of political instability, shading into civil war, and Chile was no exception. However, in comparison with many of its neighbors, the period of instability was short, and the physical destruction not great.


A new experimental technique is presented that combines electron microscopy of dislocation structures in metal crystals with the application of high‐amplitude ultrasonic stress waves at energy densities between 105 and 1010 erg/cm3 at a nominal frequency of 40 kc/sec [B. Langenecker, AIAA J. 1, 80 (1963)]. The acoustic field is produced by a piezoelectric transducer and an ultrasonic‐velocity transformer [E. A. Neppiras, Brit. J. Appl. Phys. 11, 143 (1960)]; it is observed by a very small magnetostrictive probe [B. Langenecker, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 38, 234–238 (1965).] High‐amplitude ultrasound is used to cause changes in dislocation structures, and the damping of the sound waves is measured as these structural changes occur. Preliminary results from these in situ observations carried out in a Siemens Elmiskop I are discussed in the light of present theories on internal friction in metal crystals.


O n Jan. 11 and 12, 1986, a conference on public health issues in the use of drugs was held in New Milton, England. The conference was organized by Professor Olli Miettinen and Dr. Walter Spitzer under the auspices of the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal. Professor William Inman, of the Drug Surveillance Research Unit, Southampton, England, hosted the meeting. Academics representing a spectrum of expertise relevant to public policy for drug management were


—Discrete-event process simulation has long since achieved distinction as a powerful tool for the improvement of all aspects of manufacturing operations, including but not limited to equipment selection, maintenance policies, inventory management, buffer sizing and location, production scheduling, and work flow. The study documented here used simulation to analyze and improve the material handling operations responsible for delivering raw material to the line and taking finished product away for subsequent shipment. The improvements addressed important metrics such as reliability of supply, timeliness of supply, equipment utilization, worker utilization, and cost.


The adoption of IAS/IFRS by the European Union has represented a key accounting change for European companies and offers a rich source of analysis to the scientific community. This thesis is part of the debate on-going on the choice between fair value and historical cost as the optimal evaluation criterium. The empirical research focuses on the accounting standard IAS 40, which is particularly suitable for this type of investigation as it is one of the few principles that allow the right to choose between the above mentioned assessment criteria (i.e., fair value and historical cost). In particular, IAS 40 deals with the accounting evaluation and representation of investment property in the financial statement. Investment property represents any fixed asset held for the purpose of obtaining profits in the form of rent or capital gains. The empirical investigation focuses on companies belonging to the real estate industry, because, as showed by previous research, companies belonging to this industry have significant investment properties as accounting entries on total assets. Therefore, the accounting choice between fair value and cost should have a greater impact on the balance sheet. A preference for a given option in connection with certain firm characteristics is expected. The empirical research is conducted on a sample of listed real estate companies based in four European countries (France, Germany, Sweden and Italy) that draw up consolidated financial statements. In particular, it investigates the determinants of the first-application choice between fair value and historical cost in 2005, when international accounting standards were adopted for the first time. By analyzing the firm characteristics in the four-year period preceding the choice (period 2001-2004), the thesis investigates the main determinants (financial position, leverage, return on investment and company size) of the "fair value vs cost" accounting choice. As control variables, the variables "sector" and "country" are included. The
results show that financial position, leverage and return on investment do not drive the choice of opting for fair value rather than historical cost. This evidence may imply that the motivation underlying this choice is independent from accounting evaluations, but mainly oriented to the adequate development of corporate real assets by selecting the more suitable criteria. Moreover, it is found that the company size is lower for those firms that chose fair value rather than cost. This result can be due to the fact that, as the company size increases business complexity and, therefore, the so-called "agency costs", companies might opt for the cost method to reduce agency costs. The cost method, indeed, is perceived more reliable and verifiable and companies might prefer it to the information relevance of the fair value. In addition, as expected, a positive relationship between the fair value adoption and medium-long term investment activities in the real estate is found. Finally, Swedish firms, that belong to an Anglo-Saxon context, are more likely to adopt fair value. In conclusion, this work provides a contribution to accounting regulatory bodies, suggesting that the choice of fair value does not seem driven by opportunistic considerations but rather by the assessment of the effective value of real estate investments.


The modem equipment developed at NP RUP ''Institurte B elN lllW for production of cores by Cold-Box-amin-process and the positive experience on modernization of machines from technology Hot-box to Cold-box is presented.


GGobi is a direct descendant of XGobi, designed so that it can be embedded in other software and controlled using an API (application programming interface). This design has been developed and tested in partnership with R. When GGobi is used with R, the result is a full marriage between GGobi's direct manipulation graphical environment and R's familiar extensible environment for statistical data analysis.


In his introduction to The Philosophy of Autobiography, Christopher Cowley suggests that the impetus for this collection of essays is to inspire further work in a field whose lack of development is genuinely surprising. As he notes, the absence in contemporary philosophy of a sustained engagement with the genre of autobiography is puzzling. This is especially true in light of the great interest in "life writing" and related forms of self-presentation in both academic criticism and popular culture today, but it is also true in light of the uniquely rich and indeed inspiring scholarship that such an engagement finally proves to yield. In presenting ten excellent essays that each instance a different philosophical approach to the study of autobiography, this collection does far more than open up a new area of philosophical aesthetics. More broadly, it gathers critical and far-reaching insights from diverse perspectives into the ways selves write their own stories and thereby engage in the ongoing projects of self-description, self-presentation, service Instagram. As are her analyses of bloggers, Curtis sifts through a host of Instagram selfies of adolescents (for whom "aspects of identity are highly malleable and vulnerable" (185)), teenagers, and young women to construct some life story about them. She excels in her close readings of each posted pictorial. The selection of photographs by her subjects of study "focus on their bodies" suggests a "desire to be seen as physically mature and adult [coupled with a] "desire for self-affirmation or confirmation" (187) – these are the common threads she locates. However, like her analysis of Jackson's videos, the analysis of "At Arm's Length" feels incomplete, if not biased. Black women of varied ages have grasped the utility of Instagram to make possible the celebration of confidence in (re)invented toned bodies in before/after visuals; to celebrate fashion sense; to market their products; or, to rejoice in their (natural) hair and beauty among other events and occurrences. Curtis, however, neglects to acknowledge the adoption of this new media by adult black women to convey their myriad experiences. While New Media in Black Women's Autobiography offers some interesting passages, it does not fully contextualize the work within the field of Black autobiography by adequately discussing studies that inquire into the (new) ways in which Black women express themselves and within which New Media, in fact, settles comfortably on a continuum. I am thinking of (among others) Black Women Writing Autobiography by Joanne Braxton; "The Narrative Self: Race, Politics, and Culture in Black Women's Autobiography" by Nellie McKay; Dancing on the White Page: Black Women Entertainers Writing Autobiography by Kwakiutl Dreher; and, Autobiography as Activism: Three Black Women of the Sixties by Margo Perkins. This reviewer often wondered why there are not more detailed references than the surface points made in the historical backdrops that open each chapter. In all, however, Curtis's text should spark some discussion on the myriad ways Black women are writing about themselves across media.


There appears to be a growing consensus that rehabilative programs for convicted drivers can improve traffic safety outcomes. However, there is little evidence on the more general question of whether or not treatment for abuse of alcohol and other substances can reduce traffic safety risks. In order to provide some preliminary information on this question, we obtained driving record information on 137 males between the ages of 21 and 40 who underwent treatment for substance abuse at the Clinical Institute of the Addiction Research Foundation. About one third of the sample reported problems solely with alcohol, one third reported problems with alcohol and one other substance (cannabis, stimulants), and one third reported problems with one or two substances other than alcohol. Yearly rates of accidents, drinking-driving charges and moving violations were compared for the five years immediately preceding treatment entry and a post-treatment follow-up interval ranging from 6 to 36 months. The results demonstrated significant reductions on all three driving-related measures following treatment. Further analyses will explore whether different substances of abuse are associated with different outcomes. (a) For the record of the covering entry of this conference, please see IRRD abstract no 868581.


To overcome the superparamagnetic effect caused by scaling bit and grain sizes in magnetic storage media different approaches are investigated. One alternative is bit patterned magnetic media (BPM) where each bit is represented by a single domain magnetic dot. A key problem with BPM is the large difference in magnetic field necessary to switch the magnetization direction of the various dot which is characterized by the switching field distribution.


Purpose of reviewCalcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals are common components of synovial fluids from degenerated joints and often accompany unusually severe cartilage destruction. Progress in understanding why and how calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals form in articular cartilage has been hampered by the scarcity of good models in which to study this phenomenon. Recent findingsIn this review, the author discusses various models of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal formation from early work with solutions and gels to more recent models using cells, tissues, and cell fractions. Each of these systems has advantages and disadvantages. SummaryCurrent models of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal formation are less than ideal for studying the major factors involved in calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal formation. Borrowing from the transplantation literature, solid matrices that support cell growth and allow for easy manipulation of matrix components hold some promise for better models in the future.


IEEE 802.16 technology has emerged as a cost effective solution to Internet broadband access for stationary and mobile hosts. To efficiently support the large number of customers in the WiMAX network, the network can be enabled with distributed services. This paper presents an adaptive routing algorithm for computing bandwidth guaranteed paths using disciplined flooding and proxy setup to support distributed services in IEEE 802.16e. We have used AODV as the benchmark algorithm to compute the performance of our algorithm. Our conclusions are based on four important performance metrics: 1) Route discovery time, 2) Delay, 3) Total errors sent and 4) Total packets dropped.


Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare cancer that arises in major and minor salivary glands with an affinity for nerve invasion. The most common malignancies associated with head and neck and perineural spread are tumors of the minor salivary glands, mucosal and cutaneous origin. However, it is the commonest malignant tumor salivary glands, the palate being the commonest site. A 45-years old female patient reported with an asymptomatic growth over left lateral border of the tongue; since last three months. Computed tomography scan revealed the nature of the growth was malignant. An incisional biopsy was performed. Another 45-years old female patient reported with complaints of pain and swelling over palate since last one month. Clinical examination revealed a large multi-lobulated growth over left side of palate. Provisional diagnosis as a salivary gland neoplasm was given. An incisional biopsy was performed. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis as adenoid cystic carcinoma of tongue as well as of palate for case one and two respectively and both the case were referred to surgical excision of tumors and advised for periodic follow up. Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a slowly growing but highly invasive cancer with high recurrence rate. Lymphatic spread to local lymph nodes is rare. Pleomorphic adenoma with cribriform pattern and polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis since they present similarities in the histological pattern. Surgery is the cornerstone of treatment, and its extension depends primarily on the size of the tumor.


This paper attempts to address current possibilities in the multiscale simulation of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) in processing. To provide a comprehensive perspective, a number of PNCs were produced by the incorporation of nanoclays in different polymer matrices. The microstructure evolutions of the simulated counterparts of such systems were studied with and without shear flows in a dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) framework spanning from several nanometers up to a few microns. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was utilized to contrast the simulations against the actual nanocomposites. A satisfactory precision was achieved in the build-up of the simulated structures. A significant characteristic of anisometric particles was studied, namely the orientation of the particles due to the imposed flows. It was shown that the orientation of such particles could be well described. Finally, opportunities were addressed for the simulations to carry on to the higher scales.


The purposes of this study were to provide informations to apparel companies and to contribute the education of clothing consumers through finding out the present status of clothes purchasing behaviors and the degree of the recognition and the application of care labels of the Chinese students in Daegu area. The data were collected from 166 Chinese students through the questionnaire and analyzed by the frequence, t-test, ANOVA, and Scheffe-test using SPSS 12.0. The results were as follows: 1. The main purchasing place was road shops of well-known brands, and the most decisive factor of purchasing was the display style of goods. They purchased 'any time when necessary' and impulsively. They payed mostly by cash and the most affecting factor of purchasing decision was the degree of fitting. 2. The recognition of the necessity of care label was found in 36.7% of respondent and their most rationale was 'for the management of clothes'. The recognition of care labels showed the highest in reliability and the lowest in application. There were significant differences in satisfaction of care label between male and female and in application according to purchasing places. In conclusion, the recognition of the necessity of care labels showed a little high level but relatively low in the understanding and the application.


a b s t r a c t The worldwide incidence of heart failure is steadily increasing over the past several decades, partly due to population aging and improved survival of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Therefore the importance of biochemical substances raises which would uncover ongoing cardiac overload, enable the treatment monitoring and make care of the patients with heart failure more effective. According to the results of many clinical trials, this task is fulfilled at most by natriuretic peptides which become gradually a part of standard clinical practice. Both, brain natriuretic peptide and its N-terminal propeptide help to detect heart failure in patients presenting with acute dyspnoea. Moreover, the natriuretic peptide levels reflect the severity of the disease and can predict future clinical outcomes in the heart failure patients. The role of natriuretic peptides as an objective target for heart failure therapy in the outpatient care was not so well established. The human recombinant brain natriuretic peptide nesiritide was approved in the United States as a new therapeutic agent for acute heart failure. Although the first results were promising, questions regarding nephrotoxicity and possible higher mortality connected with this substance avoided its broader therapeutic use to date.


The objective of this study is to use non-invasive ultrasound imaging to characterize aortic wall dynamics in abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). We induced AAAs (n=5) in apolipoprotein-E deficient ...


Given the necessity of water for human civilization, water policy and governance is one of the most important substantive topics in environmental policy. Water governance also provides a laboratory for studying core issues in political science, such as collective action, institutions, federalism, political power, and resource distribution. It is fair to say that water embodies Harold Laswell's famous definition of politics as "who gets what, when, how"— although in the case of water, "where" is equally significant. Both books reviewed here, David Soll's Empire of Water and A Twenty-First Century U.S. Water Policy by Juliet Christian-Smith and Peter Fleick and their colleagues, provide useful perspectives on these questions. I review these books along three criteria. First, do they provide a substantive description of water policy that would be useful for teaching or general reading? Second, do the books advance a particular substantive argument with respect to water policy, for example about how to improve water policy or the evolution of water governance? Third, do the books attempt to use water policy to develop any deeper insights about governance or other social science theory and research? Overall, both books perform best on the substantive criterion, second best on the argument criterion, and third best on the overall contribution to social science. The rest of this review provides details about each criterion. On the substantive front, Christian-Smith and Fleick and colleagues describe the overall status of United States water policy at the national level. Chapters cover many of the traditional topics in water policy, including water use, environmental justice, water quality, freshwater ecosystems, municipal water, and agriculture. They also include several newer topics, or at least topics that usually receive scant attention in overview books, such as tribal water issues, water and energy, and water and climate change. The chapters are high-level overviews, and necessarily skip some of the more intricate details of these complex topics. I particularly enjoyed the discussion of water use in the United States, which consolidates a variety of water-related data. The chapter on water quality provides a good overview of issues related to the 1972 Clean Water Act and 1974 Safe Drinking Water Act, while the chapter on climate change is a useful introduction to future challenges (albeit there needs to be more discussion of climate and hydrological models). Readers receive a basic tour of the major legal and institutional framework for U.S. water policy, and I will definitely consider using this book as a central text in any graduate or undergraduate water policy class. In terms of forwarding an argument, the authors seek to set the agenda for twenty-first-century water policy with policy recommendations in different chapters, while the end of the book consolidates some overall recommendations for the U.S. system. The book begins with a discussion of the "soft path" of water development as an alternative approach that could move water policy into the future. The soft path is a more decentralized approach to water management, with an emphasis on integration, stakeholder engagement, and ecosystem services. This sets up the reader to expect a consistent argument throughout the book about how to move U.S. water policy toward the soft path. In several ways, however, the argument is not sufficiently developed. The water policy recommendations, even those in the last chapter, do not systematically reflect on the principles of the soft path from the introduction. Paradoxically, many of the recommendations focus on a stronger role for the federal government and more centralized coordination, which seems at odds with the decentralization theme of the soft path. The authors really do not provide a critical discussion of the mix of local, state, and national-level institutions that make for the most sustainable and resilient policies at the level of local watersheds where the rubber hits the road. They make some passing references to purportedly more progressive and integrative water laws in other countries, without recognizing that most other countries have complex and fragmented water policies at multiple levels. Even in the chapter on freshwater ecosystems, they virtually ignore the emergence of a massive number of collaborative watershed partnerships in the United States, which involves thousands of local watershed partnerships, as well as large-scale ecosystem management programs like the Chesapeake Bay Program and the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. Not only do these collaborative programs include many of the features of the soft path, but they are also the subject of a large and lively literature in political and policy science. The authors do not make any significant contribution to social science theory or research on the topic of environmental governance. To be fair, they do not really set out to do this. Their main concern is to provide a practical analysis of current water policy and develop a set of recommendations that can be understood by policy stakeholders. Books that emphasize social science theory often fail to communicate with stakeholders. However, the principles of the soft path to water management represent a missed opportunity to connect to the broader literature on collaborative policy, network governance, adaptive management, and integrated resource management.


A single aspheric or freeform lens contains the elements front and backside surface, edges and maybe other reference surfaces or structures. In this paper is demonstrated how a high precision form tester is capable of measuring these elements utilizing an optical and a tactile probe system. The measurements can be used to determine the orientation or alignment of the different surfaces and structures. Different measuring examples are presented and the influence of the measuring uncertainty from the instrument and the measuring strategy are shown. This information may be useful for tolerancing of lenses and an optimization of the production process.


Ammonia accumulates in sheep accommodation during live export, irritating the sheep's mucosal surfaces and suppressing feed intake. This study investigated the mechanisms involved in this effect by exploring eating and ruminating behaviour in sheep under simulated live export conditions. Twelve 6 months old lambs with an average body weight of 24.5 ± 2 kg were randomly assigned to control or 30 ppm ammonia treatment for three periods (14 days each) with a change-over design. The duration of each period was comparable with the voyage duration of live sheep export from Australia to the Middle East. In each period, ruminating behaviour was recorded by the same observer for ten periods of 60 seconds from 14:00 pm to 19:00 pm on day 7 and day 8. Rumination was categorized as the number of chews/min and the time interval between swallowing and regurgitation. Sheep were fed TMR pellet (400 g) and long-chopped lucerne hay ad libitum daily. Eating behaviour was recorded during 6 min palatability test with lucerne pellet and sorghum chaff on day 10 and day 11. Ammonia decreased lucerne hay intake (1.10 vs 1.03 kg/d, SEM = 0.014, P = 0.002) and ruminating chewing rate (88.10 chewing bouts/min vs 85.68 chewing bouts/min, SEM = 0.60, P = 0.014). The time between swallowing and regurgitation during rumination increased (5.83 seconds vs 6.75 seconds, SEM = 0.18, P = 0.002). During the palatability test, ammonia reduced mastication rate for lucerne pellet (2.28 chews per second vs 2.20 chews per second, SEM = 0.012, P < 0.001) but not sorghum chaff (2.28 chews per second vs 2.26 chews per second, SEM = 0.018, P = 0.47). Our results confirm adverse effects of ammonia on sheep feed intake, and one potential reason may be that ammonia irritated the buccal cavity, making chewing and/or swallowing painful. Animal ethics requirements This study was approved by the University of Queensland Production and Companion Animal (PCA) Ethics Committee (CAWE/242/14) and was fully ethically reviewed to the standards required of ISAE. Yu is a 3rd year PhD student in the University of Queensland which investigates the ammonia effects on sheep welfare and develops effective sampling strategy for environmental measurement on ships, aims to improve animal welfare during long-distance sea live export. The impact of increased dietary magnesium and month of mating on scratch scores of gestation sows Kate Plush*, David Lines, Julia Sophia Huser, William van Wettere and Paul Hughes 1 The Animal Welfare Science Centre, SARDI, Davies Building Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy South Australia 5371, 2 SunPork Farms South, South Australia, 3 The Animal Welfare Science Centre, The University of Adelaide, South Australia * Author for correspondence: email@example.com Fighting when sows are grouped is inevitable whilst a dominance order is established. Fights generally subside quickly, but high levels of aggression may continue when resources are not well managed. Increased dietary magnesium has been shown to reduce aggression and stress in grower pigs. The aim of this experiment was to determine if increased dietary magnesium concentrations reduced injuries throughout gestation under competitive, commercial conditions. Immediately following insemination, multiparous sows were grouped (six per pen at 1.9m/sow) and randomly allocated to treatment; 180 sows fed a standard gestation diet, 180 sows fed a gestation diet mixed with 5.0kg/tonne of a commercially available marine algae extract high in magnesium, and 180 sows fed a gestation diet mixed with 2.84kg/tonne magnesium sulphate. Sows were floor fed 2.4kg once daily. A scratch score (zero; 0 scratches, one; 1-5 scratches, two; 6-10 scratches, and three; >11 scratches) for the head, body and rump was allocated to each sow and summed to give a total scratch score on d2, 31 and 102 of gestation. No impact of the magnesium treatments were observed on scratch score throughout the experiment. On d2, total scratch score was higher in sows mated in December (6.6 ± 0.5), January (6.0 ± 0.4) and March (6.3 ± 0.4) when compared to those in May (4.8 ± 0.5), with April sows being intermediate (5.5 ± 0.4; P<0.001). There was no difference on d30 of gestation, but on d102, sows mated in April recorded the highest scratch score (4.9 ± 0.4), those in January the lowest (3.1 ± 0.4), with all other months intermediate (December 3.4 ± 0.4, March 3.7 ± 0.4, May 4.1 ± 0.4; P<0.001). Increased dietary magnesium doesn't appear to be a suitable method to reduce aggression and so scratches in gestation, but seasonality of injuries requires further investigation. Animal ethics requirements This work was conducted with approval from the Primary Industries and Resources South Australia Animal Ethics Committee (approval number 18-14). Kate Plush is a research scientist who works closely with South Australian farmers to improve the reproductive performance as well as welfare standards of pigs housed in breeder units Is hoof trimming of pregnant dairy goats important? Gosia Zobel*, Ken Leslie , and Marina. von Keyserlingk Animal Welfare Program, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada AgResearch Ltd., Hamilton, New Zealand Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada * Author for correspondence: email@example.com:email@example.com Little is known about the effect of hoof overgrowth on daily activities of does. We evaluated the impact of hoof overgrowth on the lying behaviour of commercially housed dairy does in the days around kidding. The lying behaviour of does on 8 commercial farms (Ontario, Canada) was monitored using leg-based data loggers. Lying time, bout frequency and duration for each doe were calculated for the day before (d-1), the day of (d0) and the day after (d+1) kidding. During a metabolic health check post-kidding (9±4 d), each doe's front left and rear right hoof was scored (0 = no/minimal toe overgrowth with no curling, n=78; 1 = presence of toe overgrowth and curling, n=55). Mixed models were used (PROC GLIMMIX, SAS) to assess effect of hoof overgrowth on lying behaviour. Results presented as mean ± SED. Kidding (d0) resulted in a dramatic decrease (3.0±0.3 h/d; P=0.001) in lying time compared to d-1, but the decrease was dependent on hoof score. Does with hoof overgrowth lay longer on d0 (10.3 vs. 8.9 ± 0.5 h/d; P=0.001) and on d1 (11.9 vs. 10.7 ± 0.5 h/d; P=0.01) compared to does with no or minimal overgrowth. The number of lying bouts did not differ over the 3-day period; however, goats with hoof overgrowth lay down longer during each bout compared to goats with no or minimal hoof overgrowth (53 vs. 44 ± 2.0 min/bout; P=0.001). In summary, goats lay down less on kidding day and hoof overgrowth reduced the magnitude of this behavioural change. Hoof overgrowth restricted movement; this reduced activity is a concern during a period when freedom to move, both to isolate from penmates and to have adequate access to feed and water, is crucial to maintain good health. This work demonstrates the importance of hoof care for late gestation does. Animal ethics requirements The study was conducted in accordance to the University of British Columbia's Animal Care Certificate A12-0249 and the University of Guelph's Animal Use Protocol 1636. Gosia is a scientist at AgResearch. Her current research focuses on housing and management improvements in the NZ dairy goat industry. When she gets the opportunity, she dabbles in dairy cow studies as well. The effects of acute exposure to mining machinery noise on the behaviour of eastern blue-tongued lizards, Tiliqua scincoides Karen Mancera*, Peter Murray , Allan Lisle, Coline Dupont 1, , Floriane Facheux 1, , Clive Phillips Centre for Animal Welfare and Ethics, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Australia Wildlife Science Unit, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia Statistical Advisory Services, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Queensland 4343, Australia Université de Picardie Jules Verne, IUT d'Amiens, Avenué des Facultiés, Le Bailly, 80025, Salouël, France. * Author for correspondence: email@example.com The mining industry is major source of noise which may negatively impact nearby wildlife, such as the eastern bluetongued (EBT) lizard (Tiliqua scincoides). We analyzed the behavioural reactions of nine EBT lizards exposed to acute mining machinery noise in an acute manner. For this purpose, a modified open field test was used to evaluate reptile behaviour during and after exposure for 5 sec to one of five combinations of mining machinery noise frequency and amplitude (low and high frequencies, < or > 2 kHz; and low (60-65 dB (A)) and high (70-75 dB (A)) amplitudes; or a Control treatment (no exposure to mining noise, speakers turned on without broadcasting sound)). Five seconds exposure was chosen due to its effectiveness to provide behavioural reactions without generating additional unnecessary stress and was an exposure regime previously used with the same species. Following exposure, lizards' could leave the test chamber and enter an escape chamber, which led to a small hiding chamber. All chambers were monitored for 15 mins post initial exposure. Results were analyzed using a General Linear Model for parametric data, Kruskal-Wallis for nonparametric and binary logistic regression for low frequency behaviours. In the test chamber lizards exposed to high frequency treatments spent more time freezing, a typical stress response in reptiles, when compared with all the other treatments (P = 0.004; 120.1 vs 49.73 sec / 900sec). In the hiding chamber, high frequency noise at high amplitudes decreased durations of head positioning to the right and downwards compared to all other treatments (P = 0.01; 2.7 vs 4.4 sec/ 900 sec) as well as the duration of standing (P = 0.02; 40.9 vs 86.02 sec/ 900 sec) and bouts of free


Chemical and biological properties of substances may be inferred from their more fundamental physical, chemical, and biological characteristics using QSAR models. An insilico model may be built using QSAR to anticipate the activity of novel molecules before they are synthesised, allowing the author to establish a quantifiable link between structure and behaviour. QSAR is a powerful tool. Although QSAR modelling is a computer area, medicinal chemists are the main users and ultimate assessors, especially when it comes to developing compounds with the necessary biological activity. Several studies were conducted in which medicinal chemists and cheminformaticians collaborated to discover new compounds with specific biological activity. This was done through the development of QSAR models and their use in virtual screening, followed by experimental verification. Despite the fact that QSAR methods have their own set of limitations, their use in molecular prediction and assessment has been effective due to a division of labour in which mathematical professionals ensured the greatest quality of models. The predictions also helped experimental chemists design and test compounds that were expected to be successful. This review is being developed and implemented to look into the development of the QSAR tool in the assessment of antioxidant potentiality for diverse organic chemicals found in our environment.


Leaf anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum loeosporioides , is the most important disease of peach palm plants ( Bactris gasipaes var. gasipaes) in nurseries in the Central and Southern Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate efficacy of some new formulations of fungicides for controlling anthracnose transplants in orchards. An assay with randomized block design was carried out, with five different fungicides and a control, with four replicates. Each replicated had 10 plants. The fungicides evaluated were: piraclostrobin + epoxiconazole (0,13 + 0,05 g.L-1), tetraconazole (0,1 g.L-1), tebuconazole (0,2 g.L-1 ), chlorotalonil (2 g.L-1) e chlorotalonil + Thiophanate-methyl (1 + 0,4 g.L-1). Each fungicide was sprayed seven times, at 15-day intervals. All fungicide treatments reduced significantly the disease severity, providing control up to 68 to 78 %.


Background: The Collaborative RESearch team to study psychosocial factors in BD (CREST.BD) is a multidisciplinary, Canadian network dedicated to both fundamental research and knowledge exchange on bipolar disorder (BD). The team's core mandate is to focus on research, clinical practice, and social change informed by a focus on psychosocial factors in BD. CREST.BD bridges traditional and newer research approach, with a special emphasis on community-based participatory research methods, whereby people with BD and their family members, and other key stakeholders (e.g. mental health providers), are active participants in research and knowledge exchange.


To augment the minimal sport psychology research examining alternative cultures, the purpose of this study was to examine the nature of individual differences and social contextual factors related to achievement motivation among Anglo-American and Hawaiian male physical activity participants. Semistructured interviews were conducted with Hawaiians (n = 5) and Anglo-Americans who resided in the mainland United States (n = 5) and in Hawaii (n = 5). Results of content analyses revealed that all respondents defined positive and negative experiences in physical activity through task and ego goal orientations and an interdependent perspective of the self. Participants perceived the weight room environment through competitive, individualistic, and cooperative goal/reward structures. Cultural differences were also detected as Hawaiians defined positive activity experiences based on the demonstration of pride and perceived the weight room as a setting in which to express pride and an interdependent perspective. Th...


Phosphate as P (x) (y) (z) ligand (the P is phosphorus atom, x, y, z are in OR respectively, R represents representative. An aryl group having 18 or less carbon atoms) represented by use phosphites, zinc nickel halides, cadmium, beryllium, aluminum, iron, upon producing a zero-valent nickel complex catalyst by reduction with at least one metal selected from cobalt, the content of phosphates but the presence of zero-valent nickel complex catalyst is prepared by the use of phosphites is 1.0 wt% or less based on the total weight of phosphites, cyano norbornene (bicyclo [2.2.1] causing an addition reaction of hydrogen cyanide to the 5-heptene-2-carbonitrile) to provide a method of manufacturing dicyano norbornane, wherein.


Background: Preliminary studies suggest that physical exercise interventions can improve physical fitness, fatigue and quality of life in cancer patients after completion of chemotherapy. Additional research is needed to rigorously test the effects of exercise programs among cancer patients and to determine optimal training intensity accordingly. The present paper presents the design of a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness and costeffectiveness of a high intensity (HI) exercise program compared to a low-to-moderate intensity (LMI) exercise program and a waiting list control (WLC) group on physical fitness and fatigue as primary outcomes. Methods: After baseline measurements, cancer patients who completed chemotherapy are randomly assigned to either a 12-week HI exercise program or a LMI exercise program. Next, patients from both groups are randomly assigned to immediate training or a waiting list (i.e., WLC group). After 12 weeks, patients of the WLC group start with the exercise program they have been allocated to. Both interventions consist of equal bouts of resistance and endurance interval exercises with the same frequency and duration, but differ in training intensity. Additionally, patients of both exercise programs are counselled to improve compliance and achieve and maintain an active lifestyle, tailored to their individual preferences and capabilities. Measurements will be performed at baseline (T=0), 12 weeks after randomization (T=1), and 64 weeks after randomization (T=2). The primary outcome measures are cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength assessed by means of objective performance indicators, and self-reported fatigue. Secondary outcome measures include health-related quality of life, physical activity, daily functioning, body composition, mood and sleep disturbances, and return to work. In addition, compliance and satisfaction with the interventions will be evaluated. Potential moderation by preand post-illness lifestyle, health and exercise-related attitudes, beliefs and motivation will also be assessed. Finally, the cost-effectiveness of both exercise interventions will be evaluated. Discussion: This randomized controlled trial will be a rigorous test of effects of exercise programs for cancer patients after chemotherapy, aiming to contribute to evidence-based practice in cancer rehabilitation programs. Design of the REACT study | 19


The basement rock discovered for the first time in Xijir Ulan lake of Hoh Xil in 2001, was limited in the side of the Xijir Ulan structure belt.The rock association is quartzose metamorphic rock and its primitive rock is sedimentary formation.It is the part of Qiangtang besement by regional contrast study.Suggests that the Xijir Ulan structure belt is splitting from Qiangtang massif.


Z rodzin: Leioproductidae, Buxtoniidae i Tolmatchoffidae opisano 6 gatunkow, 2 okazy podobne do gatunkow oraz Productina sp. 1. Kolekcja pochodzi z wychodni wapieni organodetrytycznych synkliny galezickiej, glownie ze wzgorza Todowa Grząba. Stwierdzone taksony mają na ogol szeroki zasieg stratygraficzny a w Galezicach wystepują w poziomach Goniatites crenistria (Goo) i G. striatus (GoP). SOME PRODUCTIDINA (BRACHIOPODA) FROM THE UPPER VISEAN OF GAŁĘZICE The paper presents results of paleontological studies on brachiopods of the suborder Productidina Waagen from the Carboniferous of the Galezice Syncline (SW part of the Gory Swietokrzyskie Mts - Fig. 1). The material has been gathered from organodetrital limestones dated at the Goniatites crenistria and G. striatus , corresponding to the foraminifer zones 15 and 16i (H. Żakowa, 1976; H. Jurkiewicz, H. Żakowa, 1978). Up 10 the present, the gathered material was found to comprise representatives of 11 families of the above suborder Productidina . Representatives of 3 families, Leioproductidae Muir·Wood et Cooper, Buxtoniidae Muir-Wood et Cooper, and Tolmatchoffiidae Sarytcheva, are described. It should be noted that representatives of these families are rare similarly as those of Productellidae , Linoproductidae , and even Gigantoproductidae , in the brachiopod assemblage from Galezice. The specimens were found in an outcrop, 14 trenches and one shaft made in the limestones described in detail elsewhere (H. Żakowa, 1976, figs. 1, 4, 5, 13,·14; H. Jurkiewicz, H. Żakowa, 1978, fig. 1). The specimens, 168 in number, are generally well preserved, except for fairly common recrystallization of shells and valves, often leading to obliteration of elements of sculpture, internal and hinge structure. That is why a part of specimens were identified at the generic level only, on the basis of traceable features of ornament and morphology. Of the remaining specimens, some were assigned to 6 species, others interpreted as similar to 2 species, and 2 specimens as Productina sp. (Tables I - VI). The studies confirmed occurrence of 2 species reported by J. Czarnocki (1916) and 4 of those reported by S. Kwiatkowski (1959). Representatives of Acanthoplecta mesoloba (Phillips) are most similar to British, Belgian, and those from the Rheinische Schiefergebirge Mts and Sudety Mts. It is worth to note straight, thin (30-36 per 10 mm width) radial lines beneath outer layer of trail on pedicle valve of Plicatifera plicatilis (Sowerby) -see Table II, Fig. 2a). The lines do not represent an extension of radial costellae (9 -1 0 per 5 mm width) marked in ventral part. The recorded specimens of Productina pectinoides (Phillips) are characterized by radial costae less numerous than the Spanish specimens. Moreover, brachial valves display short, narrow diverging lateral ridges. The specimen Productina sp. I resembles P. sampsoni Weller in general shape, and P. pectinoides (Phillips) in ornamentation, differing from the latter in narrowed posterior part, larger convexity, and number of spines (3) on ears. The specimens of P . ? cf. transversistriata (Paeckelmann) are characterized by microornamentation very similar to that of representatives of the genus Balakhonia . The described features of specimens Setigerites fliegeli (Paeckelmann) show that they belong to that genus. Species of the families Leioproductidae and Tolmatchoffijdae are taxa without much value for subdivision of the Lower Carboniferous in western Europe and Poland. When further studies confirm the lack of P. pectinoides (Phillips) in the Lower Visean of Poland. this taxon may be treated as an auxiliary for dating strata not older than the Upper Visean. According to the Authoress, Buxtonia scabriculoides (Paeckelmann) may be used as such index for the above mentioned areas.


Recently, the studies about wheel slip control based on sliding mode control theory were developed and reported. The proposed controllers based on sliding mode control were effective for wheel slip control against railway vehicles. However, those were considered as continuous-time system, and not designed the discrete time system. This paper will present the experimental results about the new wheel slip control, designed by the discrete sliding mode control. The experiments for the proposed wheel slip control are performed while comparing a continuous-time system sliding mode controller. The experimental results proved the effectiveness of the proposed control as compared with a continuous-time system sliding mode, and showed the high brake performance under the nonlinear characteristics of brake dynamics.


Wireless Sensor Networks, WSN for short, envisions ubiquitous computing future in many fields, such as environmental monitoring, traffic management, disaster forecasting, military surveillance and inventory tracking. In this paper, we put forward the software and hardware design methods of WSN which based on Bluetooth and embedded system. We adopt the Bluetooth as the means of wireless communication, choose LPC2114 as the microcontroller, use microC/OS-II as the software platform, and take humidity and temperature sensor, microphone and photosensitive resistance as the sensor data collection modules. Aiming at the traits of small capacity wireless sensor networks, we propose and realize a rapid and concise routing algorithm based on single path. It can enhance reliability and reactive speed by simplifying the network. At last, we realize the design scheme and test the real WSN nodes.


This experiment was focused on the effects of different fatty acids on in vitro rumen microbial activity and protein content. Six experimental groups were stearic acid group,oleic acid group,linoleic acid group, α-linolenic acid group,arachidonic acid group and eicosapentaenoic acid group,which were added fatty acids at 3% level in the culture substrates,respectively,and one control group was added palmitic acid calcium at 3% level in the culture substrates. Three fistula goats provided rumen fluid in vitro. The samples were collected at 0,3,6,9,12,18 and 24 h after culture to detect the microbial activity and protein content. The results showed that the total dehydrogenase activity in oleic acid,linoleic acid,α-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid groups were significantly higher than those in control group and stearic acid group( P 0. 05). The glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxal( o) acetic transaminase activities in oleic acid,linoleic acid,α-linolenic acid,arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid groups were significantly higher than those in control group and stearic acid group( P 0. 05). No significant difference in pH was detected among all groups( P 0. 05). In addition,ammonia nitrogen concentration was increased firstly and then decreased,and at last increased again. Expect for eicosapentaenoic acid and control groups,the ammonia nitrogen concentration was the lowest at 9 h in the other groups,with α-linolenic acid group showing the lowest data. The microbial protein content in α-linolenic acid group was significantly higher than that in the other groups from 6 to 18 h,and significant differences were found among part of groups( P 0. 05). Taken together,different fatty acids at 3% level have certain regulatory effects on in vitro rumen microbial activity and protein content,and α-linolenic acid shows much better effects.


Effective management of water distribution is necessary for any country worldwide by reducing water losses during different utility operations. Also in India, water loss is the biggest challenge for the municipalities and local bodies of various states. Different researchers had tried to give attention to this issue and its effective solution through different techniques. In this research paper a summarization of different methods used to identify and locate the leakage with its merits and demerits was given. A review of different leak detection techniques from randomly selected research papers in the form of a comparison table considering suitability, methodology, outcomes, and limitations by different researchers suitable for the Indian scenario was also presented. In the end, an effort was made to emphasize the selection of the appropriate method for leak detection and localization of leakage suitable for Indian conditions.


Chemical doping of semiconducting polymers predominantly takes place via integer charge transfer (ICT), where an electron is entirely removed from the host conjugated polymer and transferred to res...


Learning and improving natural turn-taking behaviors for dialogue systems is a topic of growing importance. In task-oriented dialogue where the user can engage in task actions in parallel with dialogue, unrestricted turn taking may be particularly important for dialogue success. This paper presents a novel Markov Decision Process (MDP) representation of dialogue with unrestricted turn taking and a parallel task stream in order to automatically learn effective turn-taking policies for a tutorial dialogue system from a corpus. It also presents and evaluates an approach to automatically selecting features for an MDP state representation of this dialogue. The results suggest that the MDP formulation and the feature selection framework hold promise for learning effective turn-taking policies in taskoriented dialogue systems.


Recently, interaction techniques in which the user selects screen targets by matching their movement with the input device have been gaining popularity, particularly in the context of gaze interaction (e.g. Pursuits, Orbits, AmbiGaze, etc.). However, though many algorithms for enabling such interaction techniques have been proposed, we still lack an understanding of how they compare to each other. In this paper, we introduce two new algorithms for matching eye movements: Profile Matching and 2D Correlation, and present a systematic comparison of these algorithms with two other state-of-the-art algorithms: the Basic Correlation algorithm used in Pursuits and the Rotated Correlation algorithm used in PathSync. We also examine the effects of two thresholding techniques and post-hoc filtering. We evaluated the algorithms on a user dataset and found the 2D Correlation with one-level thresholding and post-hoc filtering to be the best performing algorithm.


The invention discloses a kind of employing infusion process and be prepared for H 3 PW 6 Mo 6 O 40 /ZrO 2 -SiO 2 Catalyst, uses H 2 O 2 Carry out sensitized treatment, and by FT-IR, XRD, it has been characterized.Inquire into this catalyst catalytic degradation activity to methyl orange solution, systematically have studied the initial concentration of solution, the pH of solution, the catalyst amount impact on photo-catalytic degradation of methyl-orange.Research finds: H 3 PW 6 Mo 6 O 40 /ZrO 2 -SiO 2 Methyl orange is had good degradation effect.Being 10mg/L at methyl orange solution initial concentration, pH value of solution is 2.5, and illumination 2.5h when catalyst amount is solution gross mass 0.5%, the degradation rate of methyl orange reaches 91.1%.H 3 PW 6 Mo 6 O 40 /ZrO 2 -SiO 2 Catalyst Photocatalytic Degradation On Methyl Orange Solution is first order kinetics reaction.


This report describes the design of an experiment for evaluating monolithic and composite material specimens in a high-temperature environment and subject to big thermal gradients. The material specimens will be exposed to aerothermal loads that correspond to thermally similar engine operating conditions. Materials evaluated in this study were monolithic nickel alloys and silicon carbide. In addition, composites such as tungsten/copper were evaluated. A facility to provide the test environment has been assembled in the Engine Research Building at the Lewis Research Center. The test section of the facility will permit both regular and Schlieren photography, thermal imaging, and laser Doppler anemometry. The test environment will be products of hydrogen-air combustion at temperatures from about 1200 F to as high as 4000 F. The test chamber pressure will vary up to 60 psia, and the free-stream flow velocity can reach Mach 0.9. The data collected will be used to validate thermal and stress analysis models of the specimen. This process of modeling, testing, and validation is expected to yield enhancements to existing analysis tools and techniques.


The dynamical friction timescale of massive globular clusters (GCs) in the inner regions of cuspy dark haloes in dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies can be much shorter than the Hubble time. This implies that a small fraction of the GCs is expected to be caught close to the centre of these galaxies. We compare the radial distribution of GCs predicted in simple Monte Carlo models with that of a sample of $38$ spectroscopically confirmed GCs plus 17 GC candidates, associated mainly to low-luminosity dSph galaxies. If dark matter haloes follow an NFW profile, the observed number of off-center GCs at projected distances less than one half the galaxy effective radius is significantly higher than models predict. This timing problem can be viewed as a fine-tuning of the starting GC distances. As a result of the short sinking timescale for GCs in the central regions, the radial distribution of GCs is expected to evolve significantly during the next 1-2 Gyr. However, dark matter haloes with cores of size comparable to the galaxy effective radii can lead to a slow orbital in-spiral of GCs in the central regions of these galaxies, providing a simple solution to the timing problem. We also examine any indication of mass segregation in the summed distribution of our sample of GCs.


Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs),is a new concept in the direction of making human life more comfortable and secure. Starting with the invention of wheel the journey of the road communication has reached to a point of driverless vehicles. Road communication is the widely spread and most preferred way of commuting the places. This is the reason to create a safer infrastructure for road transportation. Present work is a study about Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications architecture. On-Board Units (OBUs) enabled vehicle in the market can form a Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) that allow wireless communication in a completely distributed manner while they can communicate with Roadside Units (RSUs) in an infrastructure mode. The work presented here also proposed a hybrid Block chain Communication Architecture that will ensure more security in V2V and V2I communication