The accuracy of current natural scene text recognition algorithms is limited by the poor performance of character recognition methods for these images. The complex backgrounds, variations in the writing, text size, orientations, low resolution and multi-language text make recognition of text in natural images a complex and challenging task. Conventional machine learning and deep learning-based methods have been developed that have achieved satisfactory results, but character recognition for cursive text such as Arabic and Urdu scripts in natural images is still an open research problem. The characters in the cursive text are connected and are difficult to segment for recognition. Variations in the shape of a character due to its different positions within a word make the recognition task more challenging than non-cursive text. Optical character recognition (OCR) techniques proposed for Arabic and Urdu scanned documents perform very poorly when applied to character recognition in natural images. In this paper, we propose a multi-scale feature aggregation (MSFA) and a multi-level feature fusion (MLFF) network architecture to recognize isolated Urdu characters in natural images. The network first aggregates multi-scale features of the convolutional layers by up-sampling and addition operations and then combines them with the high-level features. Finally, the outputs of the MSFA and MLFF networks are fused together to create more robust and powerful features. A comprehensive dataset of segmented Urdu characters is developed for the evaluation of the proposed network models. Synthetic text on the patches of images with real natural scene backgrounds is generated to increase the samples of infrequently used characters. The proposed model is evaluated on the Chars74K and ICDAR03 datasets. To validate the proposed model on the new Urdu character image dataset, we compare its performance with the histogram of oriented gradients (HoG) method. The experimental results show that the aggregation of multi-scale and multilevel features and their fusion is more effective, and outperforms other methods on the Urdu character image and Chars74K datasets.


A Review of the Impact of Inspection on the Quality Assurance and Reliability of Project, Manufacturing, Operations and Maintenance is reported. The types of inspections and methods of establishing the frequency of inspection have been identified. It has been revealed that too little inspection leads to greater rejects (out -of-limit works) and too much inspection leads to loss of r evenue due to the cost of excess inspections. A compromise has therefore been established between cost of out -of-limit work and cost of inspections. This eventually led to the formulation of the optimal value for the Change Multiple in frequency of inspection of projects, manufacturing, operations and maintenance. This optimal value of frequency of inspection yielded the optimal value added to Quality Assurance and reliability of projects, manufacturing, operations and maintenance.


- Constraining the cosmological parameters and understanding Dark Energy have tremendous implications for the nature of the Universe and its physical laws.
- The pervasive limit of systematic uncertainties reached by cosmography based on Cepheids and Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) warrants a search for complementary approaches.
- Type II SNe have been shown to offer such a path. Their distances can be well constrained by luminosity-based or geometric methods. Competing, complementary, and concerted efforts are underway, to explore and exploit those objects that are extremely well matched to next generation facilities. Spectroscopic follow-up will be enabled by space- based and 20-40 meter class telescopes.
- Some systematic uncertainties of Type II SNe, such as reddening by dust and metallicity effects, are bound to be different from those of SNe Ia. Their stellar progenitors are known, promising better leverage on cosmic evolution. In addition, their rate - which closely tracks the ongoing star formation rate - is expected to rise significantly with look- back time, ensuring an adequate supply of distant examples.
- These data will competitively constrain the dark energy equation of state, allow the determination of the Hubble constant to 5%, and promote our understanding of the processes involved in the last dramatic phases of massive stellar evolution.


The aim of this paper is to consider the problem of unreliable statistical inference caused by the presence of statistical misspecification, and discuss the merits of alternative ways to address the problem like invoking generic robustness results or/and using nonparametric inference. For simplicity the discussion focuses on the t-test for hypotheses concerning the mean in the context of the simple Normal model, with the misspecification coming in the form of Markov Dependence (MD). By deriving explicitly the nominal and actual error probabilities, it is shown that the presence of MD turns the t-test into an unreliable procedure. It is argued that invoking traditional robustness arguments can often be very misleading and, in general, this strategy does not address the unreliability of inference problem, even if one were to use the actual error probabilities. A more appropriate strategy is to respecify the original statistical model to account for the misspecification, and test the hypotheses of interest using an inference procedure that is optimal in the context of the respecified model. It is shown that the presence of MD gives rise to the Autoregression (AR(1)) as the respecified model, and one can test the original hypotheses concerning the mean. The optimal t-test in the context of the AR(1) is shown to be related but different from the original and the modified t-tests.


This Design Briefing tells the story of the design and implementation of Mailer, an electronic mail application being built as part of the Common Desktop Environment, a UNIX-based desktop. The design is notable in that it incorporates past usability data, new toolkit widgets, and compliance with a user interface style that was being written at the time the interface was bei'ng designed. In addition, Mailer is the product of a collaborative effort within and across companies, where the design is orchestrated among software developers, human interface engineers, and technical writers across the hall and across the country.


Summary Regional variations in TOC, and Tmax of the Fika Shale has been assessed to improve understanding on hydrocarbon generation potentials. Samples were collected from seven exploratory wells drilled in the Nigeria sector of the Chad Basin, and analyzed for TOC and Tmax. Results were collated, and combined with published geochemical results from 11 additional wells within the Nigeria sector of the basin to interpret regional trends in hydrocarbon generation attributes. Results show fair to good organic richness with mean TOC values that ranged from 0.75 % to 2.2 %. The variation in mean TOC values ranged from 14 % to 77 %, and is found to increase with increasing mean TOC values. This is interpreted to suggest high variability in the organic richness of the Fika Shale. The mean Tmax values obtained from pyrolysis ranges from 426 ⁰C to 457 ⁰C indicating oil generation potentials for the Fika Shales. Variations in mean Tmax ranged from 0.57 % to 6.15 %, demonstrating uniformity in the thermal maturity of the formation. The mean TOC and Tmax results for the Fika Shale suggest fair to good oil generation potential regionally, uniformity in thermal maturity, and high variability in organic richness.


We investigate inverse problems in the determination of leading coefficients for nonlocal parabolic operators, by knowing the corresponding Cauchy data in the exterior space-time domain. The key contribution is that we reduce nonlocal parabolic inverse problems to the corresponding local inverse problems with the lateral boundary Cauchy data. In addition, we derive a new equation and offer a novel proof of the unique continuation property for this new equation. We also build both uniqueness and non-uniqueness results for both nonlocal isotropic and anisotropic parabolic Calder\'on problems, respectively.


The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between poverty and crime, and what role poverty plays in relation to traditional crime from the perspective of ex-criminals. Eight semi-structured life story interviews were conducted in the southern county of Skane, with recently desisted and rehabilitated men. The age span was broad, ranging from 32 to 63 years of age. All interviewees are or have been active in the non-governmental organisations KRIS, RFHL and X-Cons. The analysis has incorporated the theories of recognition by Honneth, Goffman's stigma and Scheffs theory of shame and also narrative theory. The main findings show how poverty has expressed and manifested itself in different phases of the criminal life course. Critical steps in relation to the criminal career, such as entering into and desisting from crime along with related identity (re)construction, are interpreted as struggles for recognition. The relational dimensions of poverty have been particularly demanding and have impacted social costs hindering the development toward a respectable social position. A central theme in the men's life stories was that they actively reconstruct their moral identities in the desistance process, which also is discussed as part of a struggle for recognition. (Less)


Objective To explore radiological and clinical features of benign fibrous histiocytoma( BFH) of bone. Methods Radiological and clinical data of 12 patients with BFH confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients took X-ray films,10 underwent CT examination,and 6 took MRI( magnetic resonance imaging)examination. Results The X-ray findings of 12 BFH patients were osteolytic lesion,expansive destruction of bone,likeround or oblong,border sharpness,cortical bone of thinning or stoppage in most of lesions,sclerotic margin or soft tissue swelling in part of lesions without soft tissue involvement; CT scan showed soft tissue density,slightly lower or equal to density of surrounding soft tissues,slight or medium reinforcement after enhancement scanning without periosteal reaction or soft tissue masses; MRI showed mixed low signal intensity on T1WI( T1 weighted image) and mixed high signal intensity on T2WI( T2 weighted image) with obvious reinforcement after enhancement scanning. All the patients underwent lesion curettage and bone grafting or bone cement filling with or without internal fixation based on the conditions. All the patients were discharged within postoperative 2 weeks without major complications,and no recurrence was reported during1- 13 years of follow-up. Conclusion BFH of bone has certain radiological features,and the diagnostic accuracy rate can be improved by comprehensive analysis of radiological and clinical data.


Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), has become an ever-present stalwart in the application of nanotechnology to the biomedical sciences, there has been an increasing number of reports of QD application as bright luminescent labels for molecular diagnostics, ultrasensitive in vitro assays and tumor imaging. Comprehensive characterization, has become important to their successful application, one of the most notable characteristics of QDs include unique optical properties [1]. Liposomes constitute one of the clinically most established type of nanoparticle today, with an extensively investigated pharmacological profile for various therapeutic and diagnostic applications due to their ability to carry, into their structure, hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules [2]. Quantum dots (QDs) have been incorporated into liposomes and mostly used for labeling in biochemical and biomedical aims [3]. They offer a promising solution for QDs encapsulation to prevent citotoxity and are good vehicles for the transport of drugs. Additionally, their surface charge can be easily modified with established methodologies [4]. We assumed that loaded liposomes are able to improve optical properties of QDs due to their signal-amplification properties. For this reason, QDs CdSe have been encapsulated in liposomes prepared by the method of lipid film hydration and sonication with a variety of phospholipid liposomes PC (phosphatidylcholine), DPPC (1,2 dipalmitoyl-sn glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine), DSPE (1,2-distereoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine) and derivates of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Loaded liposomes were characterized by fluorescence and photoluminescence to evaluate the optical properties of the QDs encapsulated.


Data collected through mobile wellness apps is not currently effectively captured for clinical data use. It may be helpful to share data from wellness apps collected by the patients with clinicians. This study focuses on women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). It is suggested that the team of clinicians taking care of these women could benefit if wellness data such as food diaries, exercise and glucose readings maintained in various mobile apps and blood glucose meters, are integrated using a software system into a format semantically interoperable with other health information systems (HIS). Potential clinical standards are explored in this work to be able to propose a possible solution for this interoperability.


Action research in the acute hospital environment is made complex by competing and unequal voices. Acute hospitals and care in this sense refer to those intended for short-term treatment of illnesses. Care is provided by specialist teams comprising members of different disciplines/professions and is overseen by a complex hospital management and administrative structure. The respective voices of different specialist fields, disciplines, managers and patients must continually interact with each expressing a different personal and professional worldview. Gaining support from managers, medical providers and medical teams usually requires an emphasis on the presentation of evidence in which objectivity and parsimony is ascribed greater value than more detailed narratives that include a patient's personal details and biography. A cooperative inquiry project with respiratory and palliative care nurses explored how palliative care needs of patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease might be better addressed and comfort provided. This inquiry brought to the fore the value-based nature of everyday speech in which voices reflecting narratives of management, medicine, nursing, illness and disease were continually shifting. We came to understand meaningful participation as an invitation to consciously engage competing voices that are inherent in everyday practice with a view to delivering better comfort care to patients.


In this article, we examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education. We combined collaborative inquiry and photo-eliciting methods to examine education with a reflective lens and understand changes that occurred during the pandemic. A principal and a vice principal working in different public schools adopted the dual roles of being researchers and participants. The main data source was the conversation that emerged as we reviewed classroom and school photos taken by the participant researchers. The central theme that emerged from the analysis was that the COVID-19 pandemic made the invisible visible, along with two sub-themes: a) The teacher's source of motivation is the student, while the student's source of motivation is the teacher and b) Students care and grow when they can be a part of the history, culture, and story of their school. The pandemic made the importance of human connection in education evident. The findings of the study offer solutions and recommendations informing future education.


Using a pulsed high-pressure mass spectrometer, the hydrogen-bonded dimer ions BH/sup +/.B and monohydrates BH/sup +/.H/sub 2/O of 2-alkylpyridines, 2,6-dialkylpyridines, and tertiary amines were investigated in the gas phase in the absence of solvent effects. Steric hindrance causes major entropy effects unfavorable to dimerization or hydration. As long as a single confirmation exists in which the hydrogen bond can obtain optimal geometry, the bond strength is not weakened by steric crowding. However, steric crowding may result in major entropy effects by the hindrance of internal rotors in dimers and monohydrates. 8 figures, 3 tables.


The synthesis of racemic integerrinecic acid from ethyl acrylate is described. Overall, five steps are involved. A key synthon in the synthesis, ethyl (2Z)-2-bromomethylbut-2-enoate, can undergo either allylic substitution or substitution with rearrangement, and opens the way for a 'general' synthesis to a range of necic acids.


Sarcoidosis is a multi-system granulomatous disorder of an unknown etiology and affects individuals worldwide. It is characterized pathologically by the presence of non-caseating granulomas in more than one involved organ. However, pleural involvement of sarcoidosis is rare and there are no reported cases in Korea. Traditionally, sarcoidosis has often been treated with systemic corticosteroids or cytotoxic agents. In particular, chylothorax with sarcoidosis is usually treated with corticosteroid for approximately 3~6 months, followed by repeated therapeutic thoracentesis, talc pleurodesis, dietary treatment, or thoracic duct ligation where needed. We encountered a 46 years old female patient presenting with cough, dyspnea and both hilar lymphadenopathy (stage I) on chest radiograph. The patient was diagnosed with a non-caseating granuloma, sarcoidosis by a mediastinoscopic biopsy. For one month, she had suffered from dyspnea due to right side pleural effusion, which was clearly identified as a chylothorax on thoracentesis. Corticosteroid therapy with dietary adjustment was ineffective. She was treated successfully with a subcutaneous injection of octreotide for 3 weeks and oral corticosteroid. We report a case of successful and rapid treatment of chylothorax associated with sarcoidosis using octreotide and oral corticosteroid. (Tuberc Respir Dis 2007; 62: 119-124)


Understanding the bonding nature of solids is decisive, as knowledge of the bonding situation for any given material provides valuable information about its structural preferences and physical properties. Although solid-state tellurides are at the forefront of several fields of research, the electronic structures, particularly their nature of bonding, are typically understood by applying the Zintl‒Klemm concept. However, certain tellurides comprise ionic as well as strong (polar) mixed-metal bonds, in obvious contrast to the full valence-electron transfers expected by Zintl‒Klemm's reasoning. How are the valence-electrons really distributed in tellurides containing ionic as well as mixed-metal bonds? To answer this question, we carried out bonding and Mulliken as well as Löwdin population analyses for the series of ALn2Ag3Te5-type tellurides (A = alkaline-metal; Ln = lanthanide). In addition to the bonding analyses, we provide a brief description of the crystal structure of this particular type of telluride, using the examples of RbLn2Ag3Te5 (Ln = Ho, Er) and CsLn2Ag3Te5 (Ln = La, Ce), which have been determined for the first time.


Argentinian Patentability guidelines for pharmaceutical products show examiners how to apply patentability requirements to particular circumstances and are a useful tool to avoid evergreening. In order to check the scope of these guidelines, a content analysis of antiretroviral oppositions was carried out, characterizing the arguments used and correlating the relevant categories appearing in the Guidelines and contained in the opposition arguments. The argumentative categories mostly used are: lack of novelty and inventive step, non compliance with enhancement and descriptive insufficiency. In correlation with the Guidelines it is observed that: formulations and compositions, polymorphs and salts and esters are the most litigated categories. The content of the Guidelines as nonpatentable material corresponds with the arguments used in the oppositions, backing up their application and the possibility to reduce the need to use the opposition mechanism, avoiding evergreening for irrelevant incremental innovations.


Competitiveness and its stability are crucial for the successful existence of any organization. To achieve this important are "tangible"/ material resources, financial indicators, etc. /and "intangible" values/ corporate culture, reputation, corporate image, etc./ of the company, the measurement of which is critical to their proper management. There are different approaches to measure the competitive performance of the presumption being that when corporate strategy is understandable for the employees, visualized with specific indicators and relationships, they have the opportunity to seek more devoted to its successful realization. One of these methods is Kaplan & Norton's The Balanced Scorecard, the application of which is presented on the example of a real Bulgarian company.


Provision of one to one nursing care for very sick and premature newborns fell by about a third from 2008 to 2012 in England, while the in hospital mortality rate in tertiary level neonatal intensive care units increased, research published in the Archives of Disease in Childhood (Fetal and Neonatal Edition ) has found.1

The British Association of Perinatal Medicine recommends a 1:1 nurse to patient ratio for all infants receiving neonatal intensive care in the …


models were developed, requiring a minimum of 10 events (incident HCM-LVSD or composite outcome) per covariate included. 12 Results of Cox regressions were reported as adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs. Analyses were depicted in forest plots, and values of P ˂ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. If patients were missing echocardiographic measures at the first SHaRe evaluation, data were imputed from subsequent echocardiographic studies if the echocardiogram was performed before the development of HCM-LVSD. Patients missing key echocardiographic data in all of their studies in SHaRe were omitted from Cox regression models. R version 3.5.2 was used for all analyses.


Aim at the environmental changes in the Lower Reaches of Tarim River after ten times of ecological water conveyance during 2000-2009,in this paper we put forward the new target of ecological protection.The major protection zone,dominated by Populus euphratica,is within the range of 500 m away from the river channel.The groundwater depth is maintained to be less than 4.0 m,and the total vegetation cover degree reaches to 0.4-0.5.The range of 500-1 000 m away from the river channel belongs to the basic protection zone where mainly grows Tamarix spp..The local groundwater depth is 4-6 m,and the total vegetation cover degree is over 0.3.The general protection zone is in the range of more than 1 000 m away from the river channel.With the increase of ecological water volume,the local groundwater depth reaches to 6-8 m.Thus the existed vegetation will not degenerate any more.The total area of vegetation protection and restoration within the range of 1 000 m along the two sides of the river channel should be 1 028 km2.The results calculated by water balance method and phreatic evaporation method indicate that the released water volume from Daxihaizi Reservoir is 2.3×108 m3,which is less than the planned released water volume of 1.2×108 m3.The water volume of 2.0×108 m3 is utilized for ecological conservation,and 0.15×108-0.2×108 m3 of them are flowing into Taitema Lake.The water conveyance should be maintained to be continuous,and the minimum annual released water volume to the Daxihaizi Reservoir is not less than 0.36×108 m3.For guaranteeing the water conveyance into the lower reaches,the relevant departments should enhance water resource regulation in the headstreams to make the water volume into the mainstreams reaching 44.2×108 m3.Reclaiming should be forbidden and environmental monitoring for embankment should be enhanced in the mainstreams.The method of flooding seeding is utilized in the lower reaches for increasing the vegetation area.


A modified "click" reaction between 2-azidopyridine and di(prop-2-yn-1-yl) phthalate [dpp] (2) produces a novel bis(1,2,3-triazolyl-pyridine) ligand on an ortho-phthalic acid platform [bptmp] (3). The [bptmp] ligand is prepared to produce...


Over the last decades the rapid expansion of global shrimp aquaculture industry was accompanied by an increased incidence of infectious diseases with white spot syndrome (WSS) as the most important one. Despite many attempts to prevent WSS, effective control measures have not been found yet. Finding the portal of entry of WSSV will help in understanding the viral transmission in between shrimp. Together with the investigation of the factors determining viral transmission, it is an essential step for the development of WSSV control measures.


By and by a days it's far basic to separate chimney early and precisely in enormous workplaces like fake verdure, port work environments and vitality stations. Ordinary smoke and fire area which have been to a radiant amount connected as a feature of the above areas and structures make utilization of sensors. These frequently used methods require a close-by continuity smoke or hearth and are commonly prevented through a respectable assortment of uproars. Subsequently, it is squeezing to think about enhanced and key features for smoke acknowledgment and research. In this one of a kind situation, division is the critical lift. Since smoke photographs don't hold up general shape or features, for instance, edges, they are particular in connection to conventional floor pics. From this time forward, it's miles hard to apply in vogue picture adapting to procedures like viewpoint or frame to section smoke surfaces. To beat this, the overarching component proposed a division plot in perspective of "Morphological Model of Gray Level Textons (MM-GLT)". A couple of procedures are proposed to show floor as a probabilistic method which brings around minimal surface fixes inside the way of the latest decade. In these examinations, repeat histogram is connected to address floor. Repeat histogram processes how as often as possible floor patches from a codebook appear in the floor. In perspective of a social event of channel budgetary foundation responses the surface patches are addressed inside the codebook. The following depictions are known as textons. In perspective of darkish degree and twofold depiction textons can be gotten. Textons might be molded in perspective of twofold and darkish level depiction. After an unequivocal record the current hypothesis verified that textons in perspective of diminish regards beat textons in light of channel responses. Textons insinuate enter scaled down scale structures in typical photos and are corresponding to particles of pre-cognizant human unmistakable critique. Not in any manner like trademark surfaces smoke plans have the possessions of self-relationship. The present hypothesis derived a model in perspective of textons to find these self-similarities through considering all arrangements of textons with touching pixels on a 2 x 2 system. By looking the above and after incredible know at the upsides of dim stage textons and morphology the present idea made "Morphological Model of Gray Level Textons"(MM-GLT) for smoke surfaces division. The proposed MM-GLT is in like manner significant to stage other sort of surfaces.


Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare, rapidly growing malignant tumor of the head and neck. We treated three patients with this disease. Case 1: A 11-year-old male had a tumor in the epipharynx. We performed irradiation (pre and post), palliative operation, chemotherapy (VAC and CHOP). But he died in 17 months later from first visit. Case 2: A 45-year-old male had a tumor in the left masseter muscle. Radical operation had been done. But it occurred a local recurrence in 6 months later, so we performed reoperation. Now he has no tumor by reoperation clinically. Case 3: A 18-year-old female had a tumor in the left parapharyngeal space. Tumor destroyed the posterior wall of the maxillary bone and mandibular bone. Radical operation and VAC therapy had been done. There is no tumor now. We intend to treat this tumor by combined therapy (operation and VAC therapy).


Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of invasive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). DLBCL presents with variable backgrounds, which results in heterogeneous outcomes among patients. Although new tools have been developed for the classification and management of patients, 40% of them still have primary refractory disease or relapse. In addition, multiple factors regarding the pathogenesis of this disease remain unclear and identification of novel biomarkers is needed. In this context, recent investigations point to microRNAs as useful biomarkers in cancer. The aim of this systematic review was to provide new insight into the role of miRNAs in the diagnosis, classification, treatment response and prognosis of DLBCL patients. We used the following terms in PubMed" (('Non-coding RNA') OR ('microRNA' OR 'miRNA' OR 'miR') OR ('exosome') OR ('extracellular vesicle') OR ('secretome')) AND ('Diffuse large B cell lymphoma' OR 'DLBCL')" to search for studies evaluating miRNAs as a diagnosis, subtype, treatment response or prognosis biomarkers in primary DLBCL in human patient populations. As a result, the analysis was restricted to the role of miRNAs in tumor tissue and we did not consider circulating miRNAs. A total of thirty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. Among them, twenty-one were classified in the diagnosis category, twenty in classification, five in treatment response and nineteen in prognosis. In this review, we have identified miR-155-5p and miR-21-5p as miRNAs of potential utility for diagnosis, while miR-155-5p and miR-221-3p could be useful for classification. Further studies are needed to exploit the potential of this field.


Introduction. This article refers to the authors' calculation method for studying the effects UF6 (uranium hexafluoride, UHF) on the human body. A review of this method's main ideas and the features of the approach to solving the problem at certain stages of the movement of UHF from being released into the air before entering the body is offered. The possibilities of the proposed method and its place in many well-known studies in this direction are described. Material and methods. The research material is UHF. It serves as the primary working substance in technologies for enriching natural uranium with the 235U isotope. UHF, due to various circumstances, appears in the production room in a gaseous state. A method for studying the effects of UHF on humans is to describe the distribution processes of UHF molecules in the volume of the working room, chemical transformations of UHF, physical transformations of the resulting products, i.e., all processes accompanied by the delivery of toxic substances and their transfer from the source to the person and before excretion from the body in a natural way. The description of these processes is carried out analytically. Results. Lists the results that can be obtained by calculation. Discussion. A discussion of the results is carried out in the following areas. The issue of the possibility of using the described calculation method to solve the problems of ensuring labor safety at work is considered. The question of trust in the calculated values characterizing the effect of UHF on the human body is being studied. To solve this problem, we compared the calculated results obtained for a particular process and the experimental ones implemented in a similar process. Conclusion. A conclusion is made regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the method under investigation for studying the effects of UHF on humans and determining their place among existing methods.


Polyamide 6 has been reinforced by in situ polymerization of e-caprolactam by using either 2 wt % of multiwall carbon nanotubes of two different diameters and length or 2 wt % functionalized nonporous Stober silica. The carbon nanotubes were synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition of ethylene over two different supports: iron particles supported on MCM41 mesoporous silica and iron-cobalt particles on CaCO 3 , in order to produce multiwall carbon nanotubes with average diameter of 32 and 58 nm respectively. The Stober silica particles with diameters of 85 nm and 150 nm were functionalized with 3-aminotrimethoxypropyl silane. The thermal stability of nanotubes/Polyamide 6 nanocomposites increases compared to the neat polyamide 6, and this increase is even larger when the functionalized silica nanoparticles are used as a filler. The crystallinity of polyamide is enhanced when carbon nanotubes are functionalized, but it decreases with or without functionalization of the silica particles. The nanotubes increase the temperature of crystallization in the nanocomposites due to the reduction in the mobility of polymer chains.


This study aims to determine the effect of information technology on financial performance with the role of intellectual capital as a moderating variable. In this study, researchers examined the financial performance of SMA/SMK Muhammadiyah throughout the Gresik Regency by using the independent variables, namely information technology and the moderating variable, namely intellectual capital. The population of this research is SMA/SMK Muhammadiyah in Gresik Regency. Sampling was carried out using a purposive sampling method, and obtained a sample of 40 respondents. The data analysis technique used in this study is SEM-PLS. The results of testing the hypothesis in this study indicate that information technology has a positive and significant effect on financial performance. Meanwhile, intellectual capital is not able to moderate information technology on financial performance. This is because the organization has not been able to develop and manage its intellectual capital properly, where the ability to increase employee motivation is to be able to create new innovations and creativity, and the organization does not yet have a good procedure and structure in improving financial performance so that intellectual capital is said to be lacking good.


In this paper, the micro-fluxgate model of single core is presented. Under different excitation or external magnetic field conditions, the characteristics of the model were analyzed and then the structural parameters of the core were optimized by FEM. The simulation results show that: (1) the linear measurement range is 5.2e-7 to approximately 2.6e-4T; (2) the sensitivity is linear with the excitation frequency; (3) for Typel micro-fluxgate, a maximal sensitivity can be reached at 200KHz with the core width near to 0.7mm.


Staying Connected The first time i logged onto Facebook was august 26, 2006. my first posts were sent to my friend alfred, who was in art class with me during my undergraduate studies. Over the years, we have lost contact, but i still remember all of the times we used to make fun of people who couldn't understand why duchamp's Fountain was art. Six years later, alfred and i are on different continents. When he is online, the chat bar pops up and we go back to our usual banter and make fun of people.


The process of preserving, identifying, extracting, and documenting computer evidence that can be utilized in a court of law is known as digital forensics. It is the science of finding evidence from digital media like a computer, mobile phone, server, or network. It equips the forensic team with the most up-to-date techniques and tools for resolving complex digital cases.. Among many of them, the major problem which is addressed in this project is Image Forgery Detection. More precisely we deal here with the "splicing attack detection and localization". Even though there are numerous techniques to conquer the problem, still there are loopholes in them like the accuracy of the forged region localization. As a part of this project, we propose a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based Deep Learning architecture, which is capable of detecting this forgery with state-of-the-art performance. We propose a transfer learning (EfficientNet) based image classification algorithm for the classification of forged Images and EfficientNet based U-Net Architecture for localization. In the classification part, we extract the image patches from the forged regions and non-forged regions in an image and classify them. The classification fetched us state of the art result. In the localization part, we have built a U-Net architecture by replacing the U-Net Encoder part with EfficientNet layers and keeping the decoder part as usual. We then pass the forged images through the network to train the model. The localization experiment also fetched state-of-the-art results.


Objective To investigate the expression of neurotrophic factors(GDNF,BDNF,NT3,NT4)in human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines A549 and explore the functional significance.Method After cell lines A549 were cultured and morphological changes were observed,the expression of neurotrophic factors GDNF,BDNF,NT3 and NT4 were detected by immunohistochemistry in cell lines A549 on 3 days.Result Neurotrophic factors GDNF,BDNF,NT3and NT4 were expressed in part of cell lines A549.Conclusion The neurotrophic factors GDNF,BDNF,NT3 and NT4 may play a role in the proliferation of lung cancer cells.


Abstract Zn–Mn alloy coatings were galvanostatically deposited from an acidic chloride bath at pH 2·0 and 4·9. Effects of pH on nucleation mode, surface morphology and corrosion resistance of Zn–Mn coatings were studied. Analysis of current-time transients indicated that the nucleation mode of Zn–Mn coatings at pH 2·0 is instantaneous. With increasing the pH to 4·9 at potentials of −1·08 and −1·59 V, the experimental data were observed to be near the theoretical instantaneous nucleation, but at higher potentials of −1·12 and −1·2 V, the progressive mode of nucleation was dominant. From AFM images, the average nuclei density N values for Zn–Mn deposition at pH 2·0 and 4·9 were 9·2×109 and 10×109 cm−2 respectively. At pH 2·0, this value was near that obtained by the model, but it was found to be far away at pH 4·9. Potentiodynamic polarisation indicated that the corrosion resistance of Zn–Mn coatings at pH 4·9 is slightly improved.


For organizations that execute control over specially protected natural areas of the Russian Federation, the task of consolidating data on ongoing observations is relevant. These data, called the chronicles of nature, for a long time were kept in a simplified, paper form and did not have a clear structure. The task of automating business processes for collecting data and exchanging this data between members of the scientific community, as well as building models necessary for the scientific departments of parks and reserves, is important and relevant. In this connection, we see it relevant to consider automating the process of environmental monitoring by developing an electronic document management module based on the integration platform Directum RX business solutions. The purpose of the research is to automate the eco-monitoring process based on the Directum RX platform, which allows to build a corporate content management system, as well as create a full-fledged data storage and retrieval system for collecting information about observations. The article describes the role model for working with the system, the system architecture and the developed components of the "Ecomonitoring" module based on the Directum RX platform. For this, a structural method was used, by dividing the task into many independent stages available for understanding and solving and hierarchical ordering. Integration with the Yandex weather service has been developed for further use in analytical models. A solution has been developed to manage the universal classifier of animals in accordance with the classifier of biological taxonomy accepted in the world. The automation of user actions for collecting and processing information about observations is demonstrated. As a result, the process of environmental monitoring was automated in one of the reserves of the Russian Federation.


The literature "movement of backing to the ancients" in Tang dynasty advanced the prose writing to a new stage.This paper probes into the news communications in Tang prose.Official communications in Tang dynasty reflected the network dominated by postal transmission,which justified the messenger's carrying of official's epistles.In Chinese prose history,the epistolary prose by masters as HAN-yu,LIU Zong-yuan and BAI Zu-yi are undoubt-edly valuable literature heritages.


There are no clinically approved drug delivery strategies designed for localized and sustained release to the injured spinal cord, two features which are heavily exploited in pre-clinical demonstrations of efficacy. We have previously shown that injection of drug loaded hydrogels into the intrathecal space is safe, minimally invasive, and drug release localized to the site of injection for up to one day. In the present work we developed a platform for sustained release from 1 to 28 days based on a physical gel of methylcellulose with hyaluronan and poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles added as gelation agents. These composite hydrogels met the design criteria of injectability, fast gelation, minimal swelling, and 28 day stability. Sustained release of 6 therapeutic molecules from the composite was achieved by encapsulation in the particles or dissolution in the hydrogel. Release of PLGA encapsulated drugs from the composite was linear for 28 days. Drugs dissolved in the hydrogel were released by Fickian diffusion. The HAMC hydrogel/PLGA nanoparticle composite was delivered to uninjured and spinal cord injured rats and the animals monitored for 14 and 28 days respectively. The composite was well tolerated in the intrathecal space with no impact on motor function as determined by the BBB scale and minimal inflammation in both studies. No increase in reactive astrocytes or cavity volume was found in clip compression spinal cord injured rats, indicating


The National crusade for the Quality of Health Services (NCQHS) set indicators to
assess the quality of services and improve services to users. One of these
indicators is the so called dignified treatment understood as the right of users to be treated as persons more than patients. Objective: To determine hospitalized patient?s perception regarding the fulfillment of the quality indicator ?Dignified Treatment? provided by the nursing staff at the Hospital General Adolfo Prieto in Taxco de Alarcon Gro. Method: Correlation cross-section study with stratified sampling and systematized simple selection, consisting in 180 hospitalized patients in the four month periods from September to December 2011 and January to April 2012 at the Internal Medicine, Gynecology and General Surgery services. Instrument used for data collection was format No 1 for dignified treatment validated by the Health Secretariat (HS) with dichotomy answers. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage and central tendency measures) and inferential (Mann-Whitney U) were used for statistical analysis. Information was processed whit the statistical analysis package SPSS ver. 17. Results: 61.1 % of the people surveyed were from the gynecology service; results showed an increase from 1.1% to 4.4% for the criteria: ?introduces himself/herself and refers to you by your name, makes you feel comfortable when assisting you, and treats you respectfully; however a reduction from 2.2% to 5.6% was also observed for the criteria ?explains you about cares and activities he/she will perform, shows you or your relative how to tend to the wounds related to your condition, there is continuity in nursing care and is satisfied with the treatment received?. When establishing difference between indexes for 2011 and 2012, the difference was not significant (p>.05). Conclusions: The dignified treatment indicator for both four months periods is under the standard (95%) set by (NCQHS) and criteria which must be strengthened through continual improvement programs were detected.


Freshwater mussel shells were analyzed from three Late Prehistoric Glenwood culture sites (A.D. 1250 – 1400) in western Iowa. Shells were identified to the species level and all modified shells were segregated for additional analysis and description. Shells of specific shape and texture were selected for some tool types. A newly described tool, referred to as pigment applicators, are described and were successfully replicated through experimental application. The current analysis of shell assemblages is compared to the nearby Wall Ridge site.


We have studied the electronic properties of single crystal based ceria and magnesia−ceria model catalysts, the CO2 adsorption, and the CO2-induced reoxidation of these systems by synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy (SR-PES). All model systems were prepared starting from a fully stoichiometric and well-ordered CeO2(111) film grown on Cu(111). Different magnesia−ceria mixed oxide films were prepared by physical vapor deposition (PVD) of magnesium, oxygen treatment, and subsequent annealing. The preparation procedure was varied to obtain samples with different oxidation state, structure, and surface composition. Different carbon-containing species were identified, including surface carbonates formed in the vicinity of Mg2+ and Ce3+/4+ and surface carboxylates. The presence of Mg2+ was observed to strongly enhance carbonate formation but suppress the formation of carboxylates. Changes in the oxidation state of ceria upon CO2 exposure were monitored with highest sensitivity by resonant photoelect...


28 male Long-Evans rats prepared with lesions of the middle cerebral artery displayed deficits in spatial navigational learning in a simple version of the Morris Water Maze task not seen in animals prepared with the same injury but administered 4 treatments with topiramate after surgery.


BACKGROUND
Urea containing topical products are extensively marked for treatment of nail diseases. Side effects are rare and mainly include irritation of the periungual skin, when topicals with high urea concentration are applied too widely on the digit, or covered by tape.

MAIN OBSERVATION
We report a case of a 84-year-old man with an erosive-bullous eruption of the 1st and the 2nd left toes due to application of an urea-containing cream, that he had regularly applied every night covering the digit with a plastic bandage. Suspecting an allergic contact dermatitis, we performed patch test with the Italian Standard series called SIDAPA and the product (Xérial 50 Extrême cream®) itself. Patch test readings showed a positive reaction to colophony contained in the plastic band and to the cream.

CONCLUSION
Our case is the first report of allergic contact dermatitis to a cream containing a high concentration urea utilized for treatment of nail thickening under occlusion.


Interstitial brachytherapy could increase local radiation doses of brain tumors.For selective patients with primary and recurrent malignant gliomas and solitary brain metastasis,it was a safe and effective additional method to improve the local control rate and prolong the survival time without severe complications.


The purpose of this investigation was to observe and describe the biological and physical science interests of 14 gifted kindergarten girls. Each girl was videotaped taking part in five science sessions. Open-ended activities allowed girls to interact with biological and physical science materials in unstructured ways. Videotapes were, analyzed for time spent on task, science process skills used, and cognitive levels exhibited. Findings suggest that these gifted kindergarten girls exhibited equal interest in biological and physical science activities. Parents were interviewed to ascertain science interests exhibited at home. Interviews revealed that parents provided nearly three times as many opportunities for girls to take part in biological science as physical science activities. Recommendations include conducting more research on early childhood science and gifted girls, providing more science experiences for gifted young girls and more parental support for science interests, and educating parents about gender bias.


Informed consent seems essential to medical treatment, especially in the face of historical instances of abuse. Are there universal principles that should be followed in acquiring, following, or overriding consent? Plomerexamines the pronouncements of two regulating councils (one in the UK and one in the US) for agreements and disagreements on regulations proper to human rights and informed consent in the field of bio-medicine. She argues that there are important flaws in both sets of regulations governing consent. For example, in the principle that one ought to "promote welfare not harm" there is ambiguity in whether the welfare of the individual or state always takes precedence. There are also individuals who lack the capacity to give informed consent. Plomer finds that regulating bodies judge experiments with such patients "troubling" but not forbidden. Ultimately Plomer finds that the very regulating bodies set up to insure informed consent have sets of principles that are not always coherent nor sufficiently articulated to prevent problematic cases of medical intervention.


Rim101p is a conserved fungal transcription factor that becomes activated through C-terminal cleavage under neutral to alkaline conditions. The identification and analysis of Rim101p targets in Candida albicans was the main subject of the PhD thesis. A constitutively active truncated version of Rim101p (Rim101SLp) was introduced under the control of the MET3-promotor into a rim101 null mutant to monitor Rim101-dependent transcriptional changes independently of other pH-dependent regulatory events. Transcriptional changes were recorded using microarrays along a time course following induction of RIM101SL transcription. After filtering the data, the transcriptional patterns of 133 selected genes was clustered into five distinct classes. Significantly more putative Rim101p binding sites were detected in the promoters of these genes than in a randomly chosen set of genes. Further analysis permitted to identify a putative extended Rim101p binding motif. Putative Rim101p targets were examined for predicted functions and amino acid landmarks like transmembrane domains and signal peptides that could indicate localization at the cell surface and thus a possible involvement in host interaction. Microarray results were confirmed on 20 selected genes by quantitative real-time PCR. Furthermore, the relevance of the microarray data for the pH response of C. albicans was assessed by monitoring transcriptional changes of these genes in a wild type strain grown at pH 4 or pH 8. In spite of these experimental setup differences, a clear correlation of the results was observed for a large majority of the tested genes. Microarray data suggested that Rim101p activity had a strong impact on the expression of genes of the ALS (Agglutinin-Like Sequence) gene family. The extremely high sequence conservation within this family hampered however a gene-specific analysis. Using a gene-specific primer set, transcription of each member of the ALS gene family was analyzed by real-time qPCR. Four ALS genes were shown to be transcribed in a pH-dependent manner, and Rim101p was found to be required for the alkaline induction of ALS1 and the repression of ALS4. The two other genes, ALS2 and ALS9, were also repressed at alkaline pH, but their regulation was at least partially independent of Rim101p. Finally, the mechanism of ALS1 and ALS4 regulation was addressed by two different approaches. First, reporter strains that put a modified bacterial Β-galactosidase gene under the control of ALS promoters were constructed in order to monitor more easily pH and Rim101p effects on ALS1 and ALS4 expression. Second, a tagged version of Rim101p was used to demonstrate in vivo binding of Rim101p to ALS promoters by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP): however, no clear specific binding could be observed.


The article considers some ways of the improvement of criminal legislation. The author proposes strengthening of criminal responsibility for the involvement of minors to the commitment of crimes of the terrorist direction.


Abstract More than 97% of the area of Egypt is barren desert. Such areas adjacent to the Nile Valley and delta and along the north coast have been reclaimed to increase the area of cultivated land and to combat desertification. Improvement of these soils has been accomplished by (1) ploughing of organic manures into the surface layer of the soil, and (2) the carpetlike placement of organic materials at a depth of 40 to 60 cm. Microbiological studies indicate that the uncultivated desert soils contain a scanty microbial flora, especially azotobacters and nitrifiers. Cultivation of these soils markedly increases the microbial population and its activities. Wild leguminous plants and the rhizosphere of many shrubs, indigenous to the north coast, as well as casuarina trees fix appreciable amounts of atmospheric nitrogen. Rhizobial inoculation of legumes cultivated in the newly reclaimed sandy soils is needed to improve nodulation and plant growth.


PYODERMA gangrenosum was the description applied with white-cell clumping. Nachshen (1960) and by Brunsting, Goeckerman, and O'Leary (1930) to a Champion (1963) noted an increase in the alpha-2 series of patients who presented with chronic fraction and a case reported by Bloom, Fisher, and ulceration of characteristic appearance. There was a Dannenberg (1958) with hypogammaglobulinaemia marked association with chronic debilitating diseases showed the same increase although no significance such as ulcerative colitis. However, in a further was attached to it. review of the condition by Perry and Brunsting (1957), 8 out of 19 cases of their own were not associated with chronic ulcerative colitis. In the original report a Staphylococcus albus and a haemolytic streptococcus were isolated from the lesions, but in the later report no constant infective organism could be implicated. Many other names have been used to describe this lesion, such as necrotizing ulcer or phagedaenic


Work is a very complex concept. I always just considered a paid job to be work, but in reality work can be a variety of activities. In his book Labor and Monopoly Capital (1974) Harry Braverman defines work as an activity with a goal that has an outcome or product. Work transforms nature by altering materials of nature that better support certain needs. I have had a few paying jobs in my two decade lifetime but I never thought I did so much of what Braverman defines as work. Helping out around the house is just as much considered work as the job that my father does. The housework that gets done by my family members, the babysitting of little cousins, the process of helping neighbors, and the nurturing of children are all classified as work. Since the day I was born I was surrounded by this idea of work. I was born in 1987 during a period that is known as the postmodern era, a time of a new economy often referred to as Post-Fordism. Post-Fordism started around the early 1970s and is still considered to be contemporary. Post-Fordism is characterized by the rise of the service sector and the decline of industry, manufacturing, non-unionization, and low wages. More importantly, there has been a steady advancement in computer technologies. Finally, there is an emphasis on flexibility, i.e., the idea that a company should be flexible in the production of products and also in hours for the workers. The idea of mass production was the key component of the era before Post-Fordism which is known as Fordism. In his article titled "The Evolution of the New Industrial Technology," Stephen Meyer III describes Fordism as an economic philosophy. From this philosophy widespread prosperity and high profits can be achieved by high wages, thus allowing the workers to purchase products like the ones they produce (73). During the time when Fordism was prevalent, it was all about market demand. And once a company found out what and how much were needed then the company could increase or decrease the price accordingly. Fordism was known to be associated with the modern era and occurred during the 1920s up until the early 1970s. There was an emphasis on interchangeable parts and an assembly line. There was also a division of labor and standardized parts. A lot has changed over the past eighty years or so, but one thing that has not is the work. There is always plenty of work out there that needs to be done. There are five people in my family. Although a household can be a family, the concept is not just limited to a family. A household can also consist of roommates, unmarried partners, or just friends who live together. In their book titled Fast Forward Dickinson and Schaeffer state that people in a household "join together different workers and separate kinds of work." Dickinson and Schaeffer go on to write that "the household is the organizational unit for working people the world over" (23). The people in a household, however, may work together to do many tasks and jobs necessary to survive. Most of the work that is done in the household goes unnoticed and is usually always unpaid. These unpaid jobs are very important, so work by members of a household is not limited to just wage work. Wage work is work that a person does to receive some type of payment for. Payment can be made in, most commonly, a paycheck and can sometimes be accompanied by perks (Dickinson and Schaeffer 26). When I worked at a golf course as a caddy, one perk that I received was having the luxury of playing the course every Monday afternoon. The course both paid you and guaranteed that you would be able to play the course at least one time a week. It is very rare that a household survives on strictly wage work. In my family my father works and my mother stays at home and does what Dickinson and Schaeffer define as unpaid work. Dickinson and Schaeffer say that "women do most of the world's work, and much of it is unpaid" (25). …


Process model plays a guiding role in the programming and configuration phases, while data plays a leading role in the implementation, monitoring, and diagnostic phases. The paper selects the logs data in Xi'an Education Statistics Basic Database Platform as the data source and the purpose is to mine the real data service flow. During the mining process, we need to solve the two-loop problem. At the end of the paper, the improved algorithm results are measured by four quality dimensions (fitness, simplicity, precision and generalization), and finally the complete process model from the event logs is discovered. The results indicate that the improvements have an important influence for process model optimization.


Transcription factor (TF)‐based reprogramming of somatic tissues holds great promise for regenerative medicine. Previously, we demonstrated that the TFs GATA2, GFI1B, and FOS convert mouse and human fibroblasts to hemogenic endothelial‐like precursors that generate hematopoietic stem progenitor (HSPC)‐like cells over time. This conversion is lacking in robustness both in yield and biological function. Herein, we show that inclusion of GFI1 to the reprogramming cocktail significantly expands the HSPC‐like population. AFT024 coculture imparts functional potential to these cells and allows quantification of stem cell frequency. Altogether, we demonstrate an improved human hemogenic induction protocol that could provide a valuable human in vitro model of hematopoiesis for disease modeling and a platform for cell‐based therapeutics.


The spin relaxation time of alkali atoms in nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope is usually on the order of 10–5 s, which is much less than that in atomic magnetometers. The response of electron paramagnetic resonance signals of atoms with short relaxation time is asymmetric in different directions under oscillating magnetic fields, which makes the measurement results of atomic transverse relaxation time and Larmor frequency different. In this work this phenomenon is analyzed based on Bloch equation theory and the theoretical correction is given. The shorter the relaxation time, the greater the differences of the response intensity and resonance frequency of the electron paramagnetic resonance signal under different magnetic field directions will be. Using this property, the transmission delay time of the system can be measured accurately. In this paper proposed is a method of measuring transverse relaxation time based on the difference between signal phases in X-axis direction and Y-axis direction, which can accurately and quickly measure very short transverse relaxation time. The difference between the half-width fitting method and the phase measurement method is compared by measuring the transverse relaxation times of 87Rb atoms under different magnetic field intensities. The half-width fitting method is greatly affected by the transmission delay time and has its measurement limit. The phase measurement method is greatly affected by the angle of the probe light, but the measurement range is wider and the anti-magnetic interference ability is stronger.


The overall power conversion efficiency of the polymer solar cell based on P13 (DPP/BTQx ratio is 1/1) showed the highest value of 9.20% with a Voc of 0.86 V, Jsc of 15.74 mA cm−2, and FF of 0.68.


As concern about the environment has grown in recent years, alternatives in the automotive industry have become an important topic for researchers. One alternative being considered is electric vehicles, which utilize electric motors. DC/AC inverters and DC/DC power converters control these electric motors. A logic circuit is needed to power these converters; however, the logic generators inherently operate at a voltage too low to power the motors. A device known as the gate driver is the interface between the logic generators (or microcontroller) and the power devices (power converter). The gate driver provides the power needed to drive the power devices. Circuits are susceptible to voltage and temperature changes though. For this reason, protection circuits must be implemented as an integral part of the gate driver circuits. The Under Voltage Lock Out (UVLO) circuit provides important detection of under voltage conditions in the power supply thus preventing malfunctions. There are multiple power supplies in the gate driver circuit, and it is important to monitor all of these supplies for both surges and reductions in power. If the power supply should drop below the threshold (nominally 80%) there could be issues in the gate driver's functionality. Since the gate driver will be located under the hood of a hybrid electric vehicles, operating temperatures can reach extremely high values. For this reason, circuit designs must provide reliable operation of the circuits in an extreme environment.


The majority of non-merging stellar mass black holes are discovered by observing high energy emission from accretion processes. Here, we pursue the large, but still mostly unstudied population of non-interacting black holes and neutron stars by searching for the tidally induced ellipsoidal variability of their stellar companions. We start from a sample of about 200 000 rotational variables, semiregular variables, and eclipsing binary stars from the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae. We use a χ2 ratio test followed by visual inspection to identify 369 candidates for ellipsoidal variability. We also discuss how to combine the amplitude of the variability with mass and radius estimates for observed stars to calculate a minimum companion mass, identifying the most promising candidates for high mass companions.


Due to the increasing demand for mobile devices, the search for ultra-low-power projects is becoming a priority. One technique that allows a strong reduction of circuits dissipated power is the sub-threshold voltage operation, but it leads to some drawbacks. The QDI (Quasi Delay Insensitive) asynchronous circuits class shows to be an interesting solution to these problems, when compared to synchronous circuits and in CMOS-UDSM (Ultra Deep Sub-Micron) technology. Asynchronous finite state machines (AFSMs) are important components in a QDI asynchronous system. This paper proposes a new architecture and a synthesis method for QDI AFSMs described in Extended Burst-Mode (XBM) specification. The architecture and synthesis method are presented through case study. The QDI_XBM_AFSM proposed presents for four benchmarks an average reduction of 17.7%, 29.2% and 37.8%, respectively, latency time, dynamic power and static, when compared with five QDI AFSMs of the literature.


Innovations and inventions are not outcomes of single activity of any organization. This is a result of collaboration of different partners. Collaborated research of university and industry can enhance the ability of scientist to make significant advances in their fields. The evaluation of collaborated research between university and industry has created the greatest interest amongst the collaborational researchers as it can determine the feasibility and value of the collaboration. This paper intends to illustrate the evaluation metrics and success criteriabased evaluation model within university-industry and their collaborated research. For bridging the model, success criteria that is based on key evaluation metrics has been identified. A successful Collaboration of university and industry is not dependent on any single metric but instead on the confluence of multiple metrics from the growth of basic research to commercialization. This study is intended to provide different evaluating metrics to impound the research collaboration constraints between university and industry, and to design success criteria to upsurge the successful linkage. For this purpose, we have developed constraints and success criteria based evaluation metrics (CASEM) model. The proposed model is appropriate for almost all types of collaborations, especially research collaborations between university and industry. By adopting this model, any university or industry can easily cross the threshold in the grown-up research collaborational community.


Introduction: Various systemic manifestations and complications have been observed throughout the course of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Out of those manifestations one of the important manifestations is cardiac involvement. The major and well-known cardiac complications of COPD are pulmonary vascular disease and its impact on right ventricular function, higher incidence of myocardial infarction and arrhythmias. These complications correlate inversely with survival. Aim: To study cardiac manifestations in COPD patients and its correlation with severity of the disease. Methodology: This observational study was conducted in the department of medicine at a tertiary care hospital in Solapur, Maharashtra. Data of 80 patients diagnosed and their cardiac status assessed on the basis of clinical findings, radiological changes and spirometry, electrocardiography and echocardiography. All patients were analyzed for cardiac involvement based on symptomatology, ECG and 2D-ECHO results. Results: Out of 80 COPD patients 6 patients were GOLD class 1 (mild), 28 in class 2 (moderate), 36 in class 3 (severe) and 10 patients belonged to GOLD class 4 (very severe). Cardiovascular complications were found in 40 patients out of 80. Of these, pulmonary hypertension was found in 45%, IHD in 30%, cor-pulmonale in 20% and arrhythmias were found in 10% of which supraventricular arrhythmias were seen in 75% and ventricular arrhythmia in25%. Conclusion: Our study concluded that patients with mild to moderate COPD may also have cardiac complications. Due to common symptomatology, they are difficult to diagnose. Hence, it is necessary at the time of initial diagnosis to carry out ECG and 2DECHO for early detection and for better management of these patients.


News as Entertainment: The Rise of Global Infotainment, Daya Kishan Thussu London: Sage. 2007. Pp. 214. ISBN: 9780761968795 (paperback), 9780761968788 (hardback), reviewed by Miguel Vicente-Mariño. Where We Have Hope: A Memoir of Zimbabwe, Andrew Meldrum New York: Atlantic Monthly Press. 2005. Pp. 290. ISBN: 0871138964 (paperback), 0871138965 (hardback), reviewed by Sean Jacobs. The Penny-A-Line Man, Reg Shay London: Athena. 2007. Pp. 432. ISBN: 1844017133 (paperback only), reviewed by Sean Jacobs. The Media and Conflicts in Central Africa, Marie-Soleil Frère London: Lynne Rienner. 2007. Pp. 287. ISBN: 1588264653 (paperback), 1588264890 (hardback), reviewed by Guy Martin. Globalization, Development and the Mass Media, Colin Sparks Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 2007. Pp. 264. ISBN: 0761961623 (paperback), 0761961615 (hardback), reviewed by Tokunbo Ojo. New News Out of Africa: Uncovering Africa's Renaissance, Charlayne Hunter-Gault Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2006. Pp. 189. ISBN: 9780195331288 (paperback), 9780195177473 (hardback), reviewed by John Forje. 50 Years of Journalism: African Media since Ghana's Independence, Elizabeth Barratt and Guy Berger Johannesburg: The African Editors' Forum, Highway Africa and Media Foundation for West Africa. 2007. Pp. 195. ISBN: 9780868104386 (paperback only), reviewed by Tyler Fleming. Global Journalism: Topical Issues and Media Systems, Arnold S. de Beer (Ed.) Boston: Pearson Education/Allyn & Bacon. 5th ed. 2009. Pp. 482. ISBN: 0205608116 (paperback only), reviewed by Alice Klement.


Editing standards are optimized editing activity norms or principles, and they should basically include 3 aspects, i.e. editing moral standards, editing legal standards and editing technological standards. In editing activity, legal and moral standards should and must be enforced, while technological standards require the unity of rigidity and flexibility, that is to say, according to different features of different subjects and publications, we should find optimized norms to improve the scientific level and transmission effects of publications, and promote the construction of standardization in linking theory with practice.


Patricia U. Bonomi, Under the Cope of Heaven: Religion, Society, and Politics in Colonial America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982. xii + 291 pp. Illus. Toby L. Ditz. Property and Kinship: Inheritance in Early Connecticut, 1750-1820. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986. xvi + 213 pp. Leon Howard. Essays on Puritans and Puritanism, eds., James Barbour and Thomas Quirk. Albequerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1986. xiii + 221 pp. Ann Kibbey. The Interpretation of Material Shapes in Puritanism: A Study of Rhetoric, Prejudice and Violence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. xi + 203 pp. Amy Schrager Lang. Prophetic Woman: Anne Hutchinson and the Problem of Dissent in the Literature of New England. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987. xii + 237 pp. Edmund Leites. The Puritan Conscience and Modern Sexuality. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986. xi + 191 pp.* Teresa Toulouse. The Art of Prophesying: New England Sermons and the Shaping of Belief. Athens: University of Ge...


This paper analyzes variation characteristics of temperature and precipitation using 17 meteorological stations data of Qilian Mountain in 1952-2007.Using trend line fitting and correlation analysis,we get some conclusions.Firstly,annual mean temperature and summer mean temperature of all meteorological stations are ascending trends,but most of meteorological stations' annual precipitation and summer precipitation are ascending trends,and some is descending trend.And we obtain maximum ascending trend meteorological stations of annual mean temperature and summer mean temperature,as well as annual precipitation and summer precipitation,and descending trend meteorological stations of annual precipitation and summer precipitation.Secondly,annual mean temperature and summer mean temperature,and annual precipitation and summer precipitation have a good correlation,and the correlation of precipitation is better than correlation of temperature.And we get some better correlation meteorological stations and indicate some characteristics of meteorological stations' precipitation and temperature.The Last,annual mean temperature and annual precipitation of each meteorological stations show some differences since 2000,and we preliminary analyze the cause.


A routine in situ hybridization method is described and discussed, which allows parallel detection of repeated DNA sequences and of their abundant transcripts in consecutive tissue sections of a same biological sample with a unique probe. The protocol, based on the use of classical 3H‐labelled nick translated cloned DNA probes and of conventional paraffin sections of ethanol‐acetic acid‐fixed tissues, consists of a simple combination of procedures in current use for separate detection of either RNA or DNA. Different treatments recommended in other methods are omitted or simplified, making the protocol suitable for routine use. The method is successfully applied here to a test‐system where ribosomal sequences are sought in the ovarian follicles of the Lepidopteran Ephestia kühniella, by using a recombinant plasmid containing a Drosophila melanogaster rDNA repeating unit as a probe. Specific and reproducible results are obtained. Sensitivity is sufficient though moderate specific activities are used. Background level is very low. The regionalized distribution of sequences of both types in the chosen model allows to demonstrate that specific detection of RNA requires the systematic removal of DNA from the tissue sections prior to hybridization.


Morphological analyses of female wasps collected at different points in the development of the colonial life cycle showed that in Polybia occidentalis, P. paulista and P. scutellaris, caste differences progressively increase because larger queens appeared in more abundance in later stages of the colony cycle. Possibly, the mechanism can be of selective importance in the onset of the cyclical oligogyny, which is presently well documented in the life cycle of many swarm-founding polistine wasps. Males and uninseminated females with developed ovaries (intermediates) only occurred at the later stages of a colony's developmental cycle.


This paper aims to propose a new sensorless speed control technique for induction motor (IM) drive suitable for electric vehicle applications using model reference adaptive system (MRAS) with a basic energy optimization scheme known as golden section method. The proposed MRAS is developed by using instantaneous and steady state values of a fictitious resistance (R) in the reference and adaptive models respectively. The optimization scheme generates the optimal level of rotor flux for machine operation and improves the efficiency of the drive system by bringing down the IM core loss. The developed overall scheme is immune to the stator resistance variation. Moreover, the unique formation of the MRAS eliminates completely the requirement of any flux estimation. Thus, the method is insensitive to the integrator-related problems like drift and saturation enabling an accurate estimation of speed even from zero to the rated speed. In this context, all the relevant studies are done in MATLAB/Simulink. A few experimental results are also presented to validate the simulation results.


The invention provides an FPGA-based closed-loop electrophysiological experiment platform. By use of an FPGA chip, through combination with a D/A conversion module, a high-precision virtual neuron is constructed, a closed-loop electrophysiological experiment is realized, and the virtual neuron reflects the physiological characteristic of a real neuron and replaces the real neuron in electrophysiological experiment search. The experiment platform comprises a host computer, a data acquisition card and the FPGA chip which are connected with one another. The FPGA-based closed-loop electrophysiological experiment platform has the following advantages: the platform can realize switching between the virtual neuron and the real neuron, and at the same time, has certain advantages in such indexes as, rapidness, robustness, energy consumption and the like. A real and reliable experiment platform can be provided for such experiments to be conducted as the electrophysiological experiment, neuron closed-loop control and the like, the experiments can be carried out repeatedly, the constraints and the ethical problems of in vivo experiments do not have to be considered, and convenience is provided for research on neuron electric activities and electrophysiological experiments.


Recently the number of Internet firms providing useful information like weather forecast data is growing. However most of such information is not prepared in accordance with customers' demand, resulting in relatively low customer satisfaction. To upgrade the service quality, it is recommended to devise a system for customers to get involved in the process of service production, which normally requires a huge investment on supporting computer systems like clusters. In this paper, as a way to cut down the budget for computer systems but to improve the performance, we extend the HPC cluster system to include other Internet servers working independently on the same LAN, to make use of their idle times. We also deal with some issues resulting from the extension, like the security problem and a possible deadlock caused by overload on some non-dedicated nodes. At the end, we apply the technique in the solution of some 2D grid problem.


The use of mobile phone is rapidly increased in recent years but many time battery drain in the middle of conversation. Need for charging the cell phone is required anytime anywhere where access to standard charging is not possible. Smart charging vending machines are designed to solve this problem. Our goal is to design and implement a vending machine in which the user has to plug the mobile phone into one of the slot and insert a coin. Charging is done depending on the type of the coins inserted by the users. This machine can be quickly and easily installed outside any business premises e.g.: Railway Station, Airports, Hospital, Shopping Malls etc.


Objective23patients acute spinal cord injuries were checked by MRI within a week after trauma General Hospital of Forestry.It was seen that hyperoimlensitg on T 2 WI and isointensily of hypointensil y on T 1 WI at area of spinaf cord injury.Methods Then they were compared with contrast group and all the patients in different injury degree and prognosis and they were related to the injury degree edema compression,bleeding in spinal cord and its prognosis.Results Authors considered that were checked by MRI t o esimate the injury degree of spinal cord,to guid clinical treatment and to judge prognosis we think MRI is a reliable method for d iagnosis of spinal cord injuries.By MRI these cases can be classified int o two types:spinal cord compression type and non-spinal cord compression.The size o f hyperoinlensifty on T 2 WI is a easy way to evaluate prognosis.The method of internal an d extronal decompression of spinal c ord is good to keep from devolopment o f injuries of the latter.Conclusions It is important for early diagnosis ,early fixation or traction and early operation.


The device (6) for closing a dump circuit (48) aircraft comprises a coupling piece (43). The nozzle carries a seal (31) and means (34) to change a dimension (d) of the seal.


In this paper, sparse linear-phase FIR digital filters are designed using artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. Sparse digital filters can be used in applications where computational cost and complexities are of concern as zero-valued coefficients eliminate multiplications required for implementation. In this method, sparse digital filters are designed using minimax optimization by ABC algorithm and successive elimination. In contrast to methods which minimize insignificant coefficient values, this method eliminates insignificant coefficients by setting them to zero. The sparse linear-phase FIR filters designed using ABC algorithm are compared to the partial l1-norm optimization design, the minimum increase design, and the smallest coefficient design to illustrate the effectiveness of each design method.


The fact that minimal surfaces in the four-dimensional Euclidean space admit natural parameters implies that any minimal surface is determined uniquely up to a motion by two curvature functions, satisfying a system of two PDE's (the system of natural PDE's). In fact this solves the problem of Lund-Regge for minimal surfaces. Using the corresponding result for minimal surfaces in the three-dimensional Euclidean space, we solve explicitly the system of natural PDE's, expressing any solution by virtue of two holomorphic functions in the Gauss plane. We find the relation between two pairs of holomorphic functions (i.e. the class of pairs of holomorphic functions) generating one and the same solution of the system of natural PDE's.


In the Seventh Year of KaiBao(开宝), the government decree to abolish xiang(乡) was fulfilled in some areas such as Xiangzhou where xiang was replaced by guan(管). This kind of guan's function was implemented by household chief. But the decree to abolish xiang wasn't carried out in more areas and in very few areas, guan was set under xiang which still hold certain administrative function in the early Northern Song Dynasty. Li (里)became into one kind of village district unit like cun(村). In xiang and guan of Xiangzhou area, elders(耆长) and able-bodied man (壮丁) took charge of the administrative work such as public security, lawsuit, etc. The district over which elders had jurisdiction was called qi(耆) which was not regarded as a regional unit, but a kind of special administrative district unit. County controlled qi directly without the intermediary of xiang.


This paper examines the direct and indirect effect of corporate
governance, leverage and dividend policy towards firm value. The models of
hypotheses in this research are analyzed using partial least square through
WarpPLS software 5.0. This study engages secondary data of 181 companies from
year 2014. The results show that corporate governance has positive influences
towards leverage, dividend policy and firm value. Leverage appears to have a
negative effect on dividend policy and firm value, either does dividend policy on
firm value. Researcher also observes partial mediation of leverage on impact of
corporate governance on dividend policy and full mediation of dividend policy on
effect of leverage on firm value. In addition, the results also indicate that
corporate governance has no indirect effect on firm value through leverage
and/or dividend policy as intervening variables


Deposition of thin film single crystal compound semiconductor devices onto host substrates such as silicon using epitaxial lift off (ELO) may enable low cost optical communication subassemblies. In order for ELO technology to be viable for communication systems, the detector performance must approach that of their on-wafer counterparts. The MSM detectors reported herein were designed to make use of the fact that both the front and back surfaces of the absorbing layer are accessible via use of a polyimide transfer diaphragm. To passivate the back surface of the MSM, a thin layer of titanium was evaporated and mesas were defined. The Ti/GaAs layer was then lifted off and placed on the transfer diaphragm. The device was inverted, Ti side down, onto the Si3N4/Si host, and the interdigitated finger contacts and pads were defined. We have seen an order of magnitude improvement in the dark current and modest improvement of the dc responsivity.


This paper introduces a fully automated dimensional inspection (ADI) system using a digital area sensor. Instead of measuring a part surface point-by-point using a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM), an ADI system can measure a part surface patch-by-patch. Therefore, the inspection time can be significantly reduced. Many existing sensor planners were developed for one or two cameras. In the proposed ADI system, the sensor planner is developed for a digital area sensor, which is made by a CCD camera and a digital projector. In application, sensor viewpoints are estimated automatically. On each viewpoint, thousands of points on part surfaces can be measured in only several seconds.


The defect structures of strained InxGa1−xAs/GaAs quantum wells with 0.28≤x≤1.00, which were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs (001), have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy. It was found that with increasing thicknesses of the layers a transition occurred from homogeneous lattice strain to a ''periodic'' inhomogeneous lattice strain. This effect was more pronounced with increasing indium content. For thicker layers, misfit dislocations were created which existed together with the periodic inhomogeneous strain. For even thicker layers, dislocation complexes arose which primarily consisted of intersecting stacking faults.


Anthraquinones and their glycosides, along with other compounds, have been isolated and characterized from the acetone:water (1:1) percolation of dried roots of Rubia cordifolia. Selected anthraquinones were synthesized using montmorillonite clays under solventless condition in 75 to 85 % yield.


The prediction of cloud attenuation relying on the concept of reducing liquid water content to a fixed temperature (w R) is investigated. Based on an extensive dataset of radiosonde observations collected in Europe, the focus is on the quantification of the prediction error due to the approximation introduced with w R. The obtained cloud attenuation results indicate that the approximation error δ is markedly sensitive to the reduction temperature T R and that, specifically, T R = − 5°C turns out to minimise δ in European sites, whatever the frequency of interest in the 20–100 GHz range.


This study explores how technology transfer can help firms to build capability through market orientation and outsourcing to impact their performance in Ghana. Quantitative data were collected from Ghana's Club 100 companies with questionnaires and analysed using various statistical tools, including the partial least squares approach and structural equations modelling. It was found that technology transfer, outsourcing and market orientation were key sources of organisational capability in Ghana's leading firms. Although the overall effect of technology transfer, outsourcing and market orientation in building capability to impact performance is significant and positive for domestic and foreign firms, the impact is relatively stronger amongst domestic firms. The paper concludes with highlights of the specific contribution it makes to existing knowledge and managerial implications of the findings as well the study's limitations and directions for future research.


The Distributed Mode Loudspeaker (DML) has been touted as a near perfect radiating source. Yet the precise mechanism of its transduction has not been made clear. The purpose of this paper is to examine the radiation processes of the DML loudspeaker in order to demystify its transduction mechanisms. The paper will show that it obeys the laws of physics like any other speaker but that it has some interesting properties and material requirements which are unique to it. In particular the paper will analyse the difference in radiation efficiency that occurs between the plate wave being subsonic as opposed to supersonic. In particular it will examine how the different modes of propagation, bending and shear, affect the radiation efficiency over the frequency range. Finally it will show how the DML loudspeaker makes use of both types of propagation to achieve broadband transduction. The paper will show that a flat frequency response is possible, but only under certain conditions.


Polarized absorption spectra and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra of Nd0.5Gd0.5Fe3(BO3)4 single crystal were measured in the range of 10000 - 21000 cm-1. The absorption spectra were studied as a function of temperature in the range of 2 - 293 K and as a function of magnetic field 0 - 65 kOe at 2 K. The excited 4f states of the Nd3+ ion were identified in terms of the irreducible representations and in terms of |J,+-MJ> wave functions of the free atom. The changes of the Lande factor during f-f transitions and the exchange splitting of the ground and excited states were determined. It was found out that the selection rules for electron transitions substantially changed in the magnetically ordered state of the crystal. They are different for the different transitions and they strongly depend on the orientation of the Fe sublattice magnetic moment relative to the light polarization. It was revealed that the local magnetic properties in the vicinity of the excited Nd3+ ion substantially depended on its state. In particular, in some excited states a weak ferromagnetic moment appears, the field induced reorientation magnetic transitions occur and the changes of the local magnetic anisotropy type take place. In some excited states the nonequivalent Nd3+ centers were found out.


Abstract During the Cold War, the USSR (Soviet Union) and the United States were in a state of permanent political and thus information and psychological competition, conducted using various methods and forms of military and nonmilitary influence. This article analyzes doctrinal and textbook models of operational disinformation application from the counterintelligence service standpoint. Disinformation as a technique and tool of operational work was used in the area of intelligence influence within the operations and games conducted by the special services of the USSR. Still, it was also used in active operational combinations carried out by the State Committee for Security under the Council of Ministers of the USSR counterintelligence. The author's thesis is that operational disinformation had a significant impact on the activity and effectiveness of the Soviet defensive services, and these methodologies are still in the arsenal of the Russian Federal Security Service, Foreign Intelligence Service, and Main Intelligence Directorate.


Disclosed are a method and device for cloud playback in a rearview mirror system. The method comprises the steps of: transmitting to a remote network server a request for playback of a multimedia file; receiving and displaying playback information returned by the remote network server on the basis of the request; and requesting, on the basis of selection command of a user, the remote network server to play the multimedia file. The present invention integrates multimedia playback in the rearview mirror system with cloud technology, allowing the multimedia file played via the rearview mirror system not to be saved in the rearview mirror system, thus reducing production costs of the rearview mirror system, while at the same time, by connecting the rearview mirror system to the remote network server having stored massive amount of multimedia resources, allows the rearview mirror system to acquire abundant amount of multimedia files for playback, thus providing the user with great convenience and greatly enhanced entertaining feature of the rearview mirror system.


THE paths of oxidation of the sulphur-containing amino-acids in the animal body have been deduced largely from quantitative and qualitative studies of the end-products excreted under various metabolic conditions. An attempt has been made in this investigation to extract the enzymes concerned in these transformations and to study some of the conditions under which they operate. The present paper is concerned, for the most part, with the oxidation of cystine and cysteine and of some of their partially oxidized derivatives.


1. Giulio Douhet and the Origins of Air Power Theory 2. Trenchard and "Morale Bombing": The evolution of Royal Air Force doctrine before World War II 3. John C. Slessor and the Genesis of Air Interdiction 4. Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea: Britain's Fleet Air Arm before World War II 5. The Impact of Tecnhology and Design Choice on the Development of US Fighter Aircraft 6. Clipping the Bomber's Wings: The Geneva Disarmament Conference and the Royal Air Force, 1932-34 7. Air Power and Joint Operations During World War II 8. The B-29 Air Campaign against Japan 9. Air Strategy: Targeting for effect 10. Precision Aerospace Power, Discrimination and the Future of War 11. Gradual Escalation: A return to the future? 12. The Versailles Treaty and Iraq: The road to Munich 13. Aerospace Power and the Post-Kosovo World 14. Strategic Implications for the Aerospace Nation.


Objective To evaluate particle-enhanced turbimetric assay(PETIA) method for determination of serum cystatin C (Cys C) with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory (NCCLS) projects, and discuss its clinical values in glomerular filtration function. Methods The precision, accuracy, linearity and interference of PETIA were analyzed. This method was used to determine serum Cys C in 92 cases of normals, 41 cases of renal diseases. Results The within-run imprecision (CVs) of patient serum was 1.52 %(low value), 1.25 %(high value). The day-to-day imprecision (CVs) was 2.73 %( low value), 1.77%( high value)and total imprecision (CVs) was 3.27 %( low value), 2.06 %( high value). The average recovery was 97.3%. The linearity studies showed that the method was linear up to 6.00 mg/L. Hemolysis (Hemoglobin up 6.00 g/L), icteric samples with total bilirubin up to 573 μmol/L, and lipemia up to triglyceride concentration of 12 mmol/L did not interfere with serum Cys C results in this method. The correlation coefficients with serum creatinine clearance (Ccr ) were-0.9031 for serum Cys C,-0.8433 for serum creatinine (Cr). In addition, serum Cys C was found to correlate more accurately with the abnormal Ccr than Cr. Conclusions PETIA is convenient and reliable, allows full automation, and is rapid enough to be used in routine chemistry determination of serum Cys C. It can be used in diagnosing glomerular filtration function.


This guide is intended to provide links to FIU resources and outside web pages on LAC topics. Print books on Latin American & Caribbean studies


a-Linolenic acid deficiency is described in three patients. Observed clinical symptoms were hemorrhagic dermatitis, hemorrhagic folliculitis, skin atrophy, and scaly der- matitis. Supplementation with ethyl a-linolenate followed by a purified fish oil (EPA-oil) began to normalize symptoms within 10 d. The mitogenic response in isolated lymphocytes was reduced whereas the number ofT lymphocytes increased significantly. Serum thromboxanes, urinary excretion of2,3-dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin Fia (PGI2M), and bleeding time were un- affected. The results indicate that w-3 fatty acids are essential for normal accumulation of erythrocyte w-6 acids. The dietary intake oflong-chain w-3 acids required to obtain midnormal concentrations ofw-3 acids in plasma and erythrocyte lipids was estimated to be 350-400 mg/ d (0.4% ofcalories), whereas the corresponding mean intake ofa-linolenic acid was 990 mg/d (1 .0% of calories). It is suggested that essential fatty acid requirement should be stated as grams or milligrams per day, similarly to other essential nutrients. Am J Gun Nutr 1989;49:290-300.


Rapid development in the contemporary world in the sphere of technology and business, usually the requirements don't seem to be manifest, hence, a consistent trend of change is palpable in the process of development, therefore, these consistent changes in the requirements render the software development all the more cumbersome. On the other hand, use of traditional software development methods like waterfall method is of no good and pragmatic option, because traditional software development methods are inflexible to requirements and software is likely to be late and over budget. For the purpose of development of high quality software which can optimally satisfy the customer, organizations can make use of software development methods, like as Agile methods which are more appropriate and flexible to changing requirements at any stage in the development process. Many of the organizations have begun to employ Agile methodologies. Agile methodologies have been ushered in to cater to the new and emerging day to day requirements of the software development organization. Minor research work has been initiated on Agility of Scrum and Feature Driven Development (FDD).This research boils down to select these methodologies and their comparison for searching out a better and compatible use of the study area. A host of issues connected to FDD and Scrum have been identified. An attempt has been made to derive some solutions to overcome the problems and issues involved. By applying these results organizations can ameliorate their processes, systems and components. The data was gathered by using online questionnaire, discussion, survey and connected literature. The results of these transpired the ways of using SCRUM and FDD either alone or in combination with each others to fulfill the client's requirements and product management.