Quality of food is an exceedingly important aspect in the food industry as people become more and more concerned about nutrition, food safety and environmental issues in establishing their acceptance of food products. In this context packaging has become a major component of the product due to its significance for producers as well as consumers. Therefore the article examines the relative importance of packaging design attributes in affecting perceived quality of food products using a conjoint analysis approach. The result indicates that all the packaging design attributes have a notable influence on the perceived quality of food products but Information on the package is the most important attribute with the highest importance value. Finally it suggests that consumers are evaluating food product quality using some concrete package-information surrounded by a visually stimulating background. Keywords: Conjoint analysis, Cues Utilization, Packaging, Perceived food quality For full Paper: email@example.com


Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and characteristic patterns of areca nut, gutka and tobacco chewing habits among school children. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in the villages in and around Gandhinagar, Gujarat. All consenting school children of 1th to 8th class were interviewed individually by a pretested questionnaire about their chewing habits. After that thorough oral cavity examination for all students were carried out. Results: Of 1500 participants, 62% were boys and 38% were girls. Mean age of all the participants was 11.8 years. The prevalence of areca nut usage among boys and girls is seen to be 33.33% and 22.28% respectively, while it is 13.23% for gutka (contains tobacco) among boys. Majority of students started the chewing habit between 13 and 14 years. 49% of users were chewing these substances regularly for more than a year. Three-fourth of the participants was ignorant of associated health hazards or thought these substances to be harmless. About 39.5% of areca nut users were seen black staining of teeth. About 100 cases of oral submucous fi brosis were identifi ed among areca nut chewers. Conclusion: Awareness level of health hazards was very poor among the students. Health education and awareness against these substances at an early age may help in curbing this problem.


In the 46th annual meeting of the American Society of Hematology, the advance in the treatment of maligmant hematological disease concentrats on targeted therapies, including oblimersen,combination therapy rituximab with the chemotherapeutic agent, proteasome inhibitor bortezomid, flavorpiridol and radioimmunotherapy. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is an effective therapy of maligmant hematological disease. The foremost advantage of the nonmyeloablative or reduced-intensity HCT is the reduction of treatment-related mortality .


Mobile payment services are expected to be the next step of the electronic payment evolution. However, the level of penetration in European countries is lower than expected. The focus of most acade ...


The pharmacokinetics of unlabelled and tritium-labelled glycosaminoglycan polysulfate (GAGPS) was examined by gel chromatography, electrophoresis and radiometry. The compound was given i.m. and, for comparison, i.v. In both cases (dose: 7.5 mg/kg) blood levels after 1 h reached maxima of approx. 6 mug/ml and remained between 2.0 and 1.5 mug/ml for between 24 and 48 h. The question of threshold-limited excretion is discussed. The concentration curves of the synovia were almost identical to those of the blood. The cartilage of the joint had a comparable level after 48 h (1.7 mug/g), whilst the level was lower in rib cartilage (1.1 mug/g). Urinary excretion within 24 h amounted to 45% of almost unchanged GAGPS. A further 10% were excreted within the following 24 h. The residue was distributed chiefly in the kidneys, liver, skin, spleen, gut, and bone marrow. In the course of the elimination time the excreted substnace showed a lower molecular weight as was found by gel chromatography.


Scholars of democratization have developed a variety of theories to explain national and cross-national differences in democratic support. These theories, however, pay little attention to the cognitive origin of democratic support. This study seeks to examine how informed understanding about democracy affects such support. To this end, it applies theories of institutional legitimacy and social learning and predicts that the relationship between citizen understanding of and support for democracy is not only positively concaved but also dependent on the historical experience of democracy. An analysis of the World Values Survey 2005–2008 reveals strong evidence to support the theoretical predications.


The alternating-current properties of resistors are briefly discussed, and the time constant and equivalent series inductance and shunt capacitance are defined. The reasons for the variations with frequency are outlined. The determination of the properties is based on standard resistors with windings of simple geometry, for which the inductance and capacitance are calculable. The paper describes methods for comparing such standards with ordinary resistors, for values ranging from a small fraction of an ohm up to about a megohm; particular attention is given to potential dividers of the Kelvin-Varley type, which have great utility in these measurements. The choice of method depends upon the value of the resistor and, for low values (less than, say, 10 Ω), whether the resistor is a two- or four-terminal one.


In this paper, there is an analysis about the braking mode of the 300 km/h electric motor train unit that will be designed soon in China. Based on the design of the XianFeng and ZhongYuan Star high-speed motor train units, a kind of reasonable braking mode is proposed with theoretical calculation and comparison: the alloy forged steel wheel-mounted disc brake, rheostatic brake and regenerative brake for motor cars, the alloy forged steel wheel-mounted disc brake and disc eddy current brake for trailers. The load on the brake disc and brake pad can be lightened with this kind of configuration and the brake capacity of the brake equipment can be improved to a great extent. Therefore, the technical conditions of the braking force and braking distance can be satisfied.


Atmospheric corrosion can be slowed down or entirely stopped by placing metal equipment under a cover made of plastic foil. The results of investigation of the diffusion of water vapor through polyamid-polyethylene foil show that the vapor diffusion increases with the increase in relative air humidity. This characteristic makes polyamid-polyethylene foil no worse than polyethylene-polypropylene foil, which has been widely used so far. .


Objective:This paper presents a model to assist the health promotion practitioner systematically compare and select what might be appropriate target groups when there are a number of segments competing for attention and resources.


The standards in the educational system present specific expectations on the students' ability in comprehending the information provided in theories and practices as well as setting guidelines to set estimation on students' performance. It is improved in a planned, targeted, and sustainable in accordance with the changing demands of local, national, and global. Education ecosystem is seen as a compilation of supportive and complementing education institutions which feature different approaches such as the numbers of student enlisting, nationality, cultural surrounding, types of activity, level of academy, subjects and/or disciplines of the study, interest for the research and value. Given the increase in the number of students studying at colleges and universities outside their home countries, recently the research community has believed that an e-Learning Ecosystem is the next generation of the e-Learning. Accordingly, any education superintendents need to pay attention and put quality as a means to obtain the benefits of the global competition that can improve and enhance education activities. This paper seeks to provide a new multi-criteria approach to assess thus recognize any opportunity in a way that can provide a better learning experience and helping students to achieve their full potential thus escalating the level of quality for higher education to better support learners and keeping up with the global progress.


Negative vertical Bloch line (-VBL) replication errors are analyzed, and the mechanism is clarified. The cause of these errors can be found in the relationship between the direction of magnetization in the domain wall and the distribution of the chopping magnetic field. Improvement in the distribution of chopping magnetic field to suppress or remove the cause of replication error is discussed. >


Vascular basement membrane is an important regulator of angiogenesis and undergoes many alterations during angiogenesis and these changes are speculated to influence neovascularization. Recently, fragments of collagen molecules have been identified to possess anti-angiogenic activity. Tumstatin (α3(IV)NC1 domain) is one such novel molecule with distinct anti-tumor properties and possesses an N-terminal (amino acids 54–132) anti-angiogenic and a C-terminal (amino acids 185–203) anti-tumor cell activity (Maeshima, Y., et al. 2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 21340–21348). Previous studies have identified the 185–203 amino acid sequence as a ligand for αvβ3integrin (Shahan, T. A., et al. (1999) Cancer Res. 59, 4584–4590). In the present study, we found distinct additional RGD-independent αvβ3 integrin binding site within 54–132 amino acids of tumstatin. This site is not essential for inhibition of tumor cell proliferation but necessary for the anti-angiogenic activity. A fragment of tumstatin containing 54–132 amino acid (tum-2) binds both endothelial cells and melanoma cells but only inhibited proliferation of endothelial cells, with no effect on tumor cell proliferation. A similar experiment with fragment of tumstatin containing the 185–203 amino acid (tum-4) demonstrates that it binds both endothelial cells and melanoma cells but only inhibits the proliferation of melanoma cells. The presence of cyclic RGD peptides did not affect the αvβ3integrin-mediated activity of tumstatin, although significant inhibition of endothelial cell binding to vitronectin was observed. The two distinct RGD-independent binding sites on tumstatin suggest unique αvβ3 integrin-mediated mechanisms governing the two distinct anti-tumor properties of tumstatin.


High-speed steel cast-iron rolls were developed around 1990 and have been widely used for the earlier stand of hot strip mills. However, for the later stand of hot strip mills, the use of high-speed steel cast-iron rolls has been limited due to the insufficient crack resistance. Therefore, in order to improve the wear resistance of the later stand, enhanced indefinite chilled rolls in which MC-type carbides of high hardness are crystallized in a conventional indefinite chilled roll has been developed. However, since the wear resistance of enhanced indefinite chilled rolls is significantly inferior to that of high-speed steel cast-iron roll, the development of a new cast iron roll with superior wear resistance applicable to the later stand of hot strip mills was studied. The present development roll has improved wear resistance by increased amount of the high hardness MC-type carbide-forming elements. In addition, the reduction of the carbon equivalent for less amount of eutectic carbide resulted in the reduction of the residual stress down to the same level as the indefinite chilled roll, which improved the crack resistance. As a result, it was confirmed that the wear resistance was improved about three times compared with the conventional indefinite chilled roll. In addition, the results suggest that the wear resistance of work rolls in hot strip mills is greatly controlled by the amounts of MC-type carbides, despite the roll hardness being the same.


Abstract : Experimental results of determination of plasma channel dynamics created by high-current beam (energy of electrons E(sub e) =1,1 x 10(exp 6) eV, beam current I(sub b)=2,4 x 10(exp 4) A, with pulse duration t=60 x 10(exp -9) c.) in gases: helium (He), nitrogen (N(sub 2)), neon (Ne), Air (Air),argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), humid air (Air:water) at pressure from 1 to 760 Tor are presented. It is showed that in gases with low value relation of collision rate v to ionization rate u; (v/lu <1) electron beam forms wide plasma channel of high conductivity: R(sub b)/R(sub p)<l (where R(sub b)- beam radius, R(sub p) plasma channel radius), which provides suppression of large-scale resistive hose instability (RHI).


In most of the existing works about mobile crowd sensing, the service provider collects data from each mobile user separately. However, comparing with the collection of data from individual users, batch trading is more attractive for both service provider and mobile users. On one hand, the service provider prefers to buy a batch of data each time even if it may offer a higher unit price since batch trading can save time and efforts in data collection. On the other hand, batch trading is profitable for mobile users since they can take advantage of volume premium. In this paper, we study how mobile users form a coalition to sell their sensing data together. Based on the concept of majorization, we propose a novel scheme to form a fair and stable coalition. Simulation results show the super performance of the proposed method compared with alternative solutions. In specific, the proposed scheme can improve the achieved utility and fairness by 623.68% and 5.51%, respectively, compared to the scheme with independent sell when the number of users is 90.


In recent years, with the development of mobile technology,almost all the smart phones and panel personal computers using the ARM architecture, and security issues on this platform arealso getting more and more attention from researchers. Attack of malicious tampering program flow control is one of the major attacks for the platform. Attackers use thevulnerability of stack overflow to write long data in internal storage which make it beyond its buffer capacity, cover the return address, and thus transfer to the attacker's malicious control flow. To defend this type of attack,the operating system was added with W + X protection mechanisms,viz.dataExecution Prevention (DEP). The hardware was realized by IntelXD(Execute Disable bit)technology, ND(No-Execute Page-Protection) of AMD technology and XN(eXecute Never) ARMtechnology. Return-oriented programming (ROP) isbased on this proposed defense technology.


A new two‐parameter vapor pressure equation has been derived which, unlike the Salter equation, is shown to be equally applicable to quantum or classical solids and even liquids. The condensed phase enthalpies and entropies are given directly by the fitted parameters with accuracies comparable to those which have been claimed for existing independent calorimetric measurements. Recent vapor pressure data for the solid and liquid phases of argon, krypton, and xenon are analyzed in this manner, and the results are compared with the available calorimetric data. New values for the cohesive energy at T=0 are also derived for these substances.


In this paper, we utilize the concept of transfer learning in fruits and vegetable quality assessment. The transfer learning concept applies the idea of reuse the pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network to solve a new problem without the need for large-scale datasets for training. Eight pre-trained deep learning models namely AlexNet, GoogleNet, ResNet18, ResNet50, ResNet101, Vgg16, Vgg19, and NasNetMobile are fine-tuned accordingly to evaluate the quality of fruits and vegetable. To evaluate the training and validation performance of each fine-tuned model, we collect a dataset consists of images from 12 fruits and vegetable samples. The dataset builds over five weeks. For every week 70 images collected therefore the total number of images over five weeks is 350 and the total number of images in the dataset is (12*350) 4200 images. The overall number of classes in the dataset is (12*5) 60 classes. The evaluation of the models was conducted based on this dataset and also based on an augmented version. The model's outcome shows that the Vgg19 model achieved the highest validation accuracy over the original dataset with 91.50% accuracy and the ResNet18 model scored the highest validation accuracy based on the augmented dataset with 91.37% accuracy.


The benefits and drawbacks of sub‐contracting distribution are reviewed. The financial aspects of the decision, whether sub‐contracting is to be wholly adopted or in part, are discussed together with the implications for management.


The previously reported [Pearson, T. Lebensm. Wiss. -Technol. 1996, 28 (6), 203−209] channel image sorter has been used to re-sort color-sort and hand-sort rejects and to sort mainstream (pre-hand-sort) U.S. pistachios. Sorting was carried out at commercial speeds of up to 163 kg/channel/h. Recoveries of good nuts of 39−67% on re-sorted product and 97.8% on mainstream nuts were achieved. Aflatoxin levels were reduced from 8.6−4.8 to 0.04−2.5 ng/g on color-sort rejects and to 15 from 22 ng/g on hand-sort rejects. For mainstream product, aflatoxin levels were reduced from 0.12 to 0 ng/g by image sorting, compared to reduction to 0.04 ng/g by hand sorting. Quality for mainstream sorting improved significantly, particularly for other damage, serious insect damage, gross defects, and loose kernels. Re-sort quality improved as well, but recovered product will still require dyeing. The sorter should find application in product recovery, in preparation of product for very stringent markets [Schatzki, T. F. J. Agr...


Objective To investigate the relative risk factors of paroxysmal simple vertigo in elderly people. Methods Totally 52 hypertension patients with the only symptom of paroxysmal isolated vertigo were selected as trial group,and 47 hypertension patients with no vertigo as control group.Lipid tests including total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C),and triglyceride(TG);and carotid artery ultrasonography were performed for all the patients. Results The age and the LDL-C level in the trial group were higher than those in the control group,and the HDL-C level was lower,with a significant difference(P0.05).The incidence of carotid atherosclerotic instable plaques in the trial group was significantly more than that in the control group(P0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the length of hypertension history in years and LDL-C increase were correlated with vertigo. Conclusion Age,hypertension history,LDL-C increase,HDL-C decrease,and carotid plaque instability are the risk factors of paroxysmal simple vertigo in the elderly people.


This paper proposes a new full-scale simulation approach for correctly measuring the detection ability of the modified Jones model (MJM). For ideal evaluation accuracy, we define perfect prior information on whether a firm under investigation manipulates its earnings with the allowance for doubtful accounts by differentiating firms that engage in no earnings manipulation from those that do. The MJM shows a detection rate of only 49.1%, which is lower than 50% for a fair coin toss, and thus it is not reliable. This low detection rate is due to the oversensitivity of the MJM, which causes it to misinterpret long-term increases in sales revenue from normal business activity as earnings management. Therefore, the MJM has a tendency to incorrectly detect non-discretionary accruals (NDACs) as discretionary accruals (DACs) and thus misjudge a clean firm as a dirty one, because it shows a low (moderately high) detection rate for clean (dirty) firms.


Past research on affiliative social tuning has shown that individuals who experience affiliative motivation toward another person come to exhibit implicit prejudice consistent with the apparent beliefs of that person. The present research seeks to elucidate the mechanism by which such malleability occurs. Is it interpersonally cued cognitive control, consistent with dual-process models of prejudice regulation, or a contextual change in automatic associations, consistent with shared reality theory? QUAD modeling of participants' responses revealed that affiliative social tuning of implicit prejudice was solely a function of changing associations (Studies 1–3). Furthermore, instructions to try to inhibit prejudice within a particular interpersonal context did not yield implicit attitude change (Study 2).


CONSERVATION BIOLOGYBiologists have launched an international campaign to win the release of two scientists and their guide who were kidnapped last month by Colombian guerrillas.


Non-covalent interactions involving halogen atoms play a major role in supramolecular chemistry, biochemistry, coordination and organometallic chemistry and also act as conformation-determining fac...


Network intrusion hindrance systems offer a crucial proactive defence capability against security threats by detective work and block network attacks. This task may be extremely complicated and ancient firewall system ar presently ineffective of handling quick attack through the package. The issues arise once several exploits commit to cash in of weaknesses in each protocols that ar allowed through our perimeter firewalls, and once the net server has been compromised, this will usually be used as a springboard to launch extra attacks on alternative internal services. Thus, iptables additionally referred to as Netfilter can even be implement as AN intrusion hindrance system. Iptables works by filtering the traffic flow between your pc and therefore the web. It will limit access to and from the net to solely specific computers on your network. It can even limit the kind of communication, by selection allowing or denying numerous web services. Hence, to harden the iptables rule, another tool got to be apply to figure with the iptables rule script.


The 2014 World Cup was anchored in the promise of benefits for Brazil, in which FIFA and the Brazilian government demonstrated efforts towards obtaining popular acceptance. Thus, the study aimed to analyze how the immaterial production 2014 World Cup 2014 can be characterized based on the both organizers and the Brazilian society discourses. The research was conducted through a Foucauldian Discourse Analysis from a corpus representative of the two discursive positions investigated, having the political theory of Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri as a theoretical lens.The findings point to two discursive formations, referring to the promise that the World Cup is good for Brazil and to the understanding that it did very costly for the country. The conclusion of the study is that the 2014 World Cup can be characterized by the exercise of and resistant to biopower.


ShaNan Oildfield in easten Jangle is a conglomerate oil pool with low porosity and low permeability,aerage clay content in oil reservior being 4.5 percent.It is becomeing vital to determine the intensity of water susceptibility and select stabilizer for clay as a result of frequent transforming of oil reservior and water flooding development.Static method,dynamic method,and their combination are adopted in the evaluation,which includes three experiments:experiment of water susceptibility and salt susceptibility;static experiment of stabilizer for day;dynamic experiment of stabilizer for clay.


We consider the problem of minimizing a block separable convex function ( possibly nondifferentiable, and including constraints ) plus Laplacian regularization, a problem that arises in applications including model fitting, regularizing stratified models, and multi-period portfolio optimization. We develop a distributed majorization-minimization method for this general problem, and derive a complete, self-contained, general, and simple proof of convergence. Our method is able to scale to very large problems, and we illustrate our approach on two applications, demonstrating its scalability and accuracy.


The reorientation of hydrides and its effect on the fracture of Zr—Nb—Sn—Fe cladding tubes were investigated. The reorientation of hydrides along the radial direction was most pronounced if the tube was cooled from 573 to 473 K under circumferential loading. Reorientation occurred much less frequently at either higher (from 673 to 573 K) or lower (from 473 to 373 K) temperature range. The strength decreased to 250 MPa and the ductility decreased to zero in the tube which was reorientation-treated from 573 to 473 K (RS32AC). Fracture surface of RS32AC sample exhibited flat cleavage fracture along the radial hydride platelet. The reorientation of hydrides was also found to increase with increase of loading time, suggesting time dependent stress-aided dissolution of circumferential hydrides and re-precipitation of radial hydrides.


Stretch blow molding is the well-established plastics forming method to produce Polyehtylene therephtalate (PET) bottles. An injection molded preform is heated up above the PET glass transition temperature (Tg∼85°C) and subsequently inflated by pressurized air into a closed cavity. In the follow-up filling process, the resulting bottle is filled with the final product. A recently developed modification of the process combines the blowing and filling stages by directly using the final liquid product to inflate the preform. In a previously published paper, a mechanical simulation and successful evaluation of this liquid-driven stretch blow molding process was presented. In this way, a realistic process parameter dependent simulation of the preform deformation throughout the forming process was enabled, whereas the preform temperature evolution during forming was neglected. However, the formability of the preform is highly reduced when the temperature sinks below Tg during forming. Experimental investigation...


We introduce a novel fabrication method of a tungsten tip for STM applications. It uses a gradual meniscus descending phenomena caused by the thanks of a Teflon structure with the hydrophobicity. The fabricated tungsten tips with high aspect ratio have curvature radius of 20nm or even less. Good reproducibility is experimentally demonstrated by the use of the new etching system. Finally, field emission behaviors of the fabricated tungsten tips are characterized in a high vacuum condition.


The Science Panel for the Amazon is an unprecedented initiative convened under the auspices of the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN). The SPA is composed of over 200 preeminent scientists and researchers from the eight Amazonian countries, French Guiana, and global partners. These experts came together to debate, analyze, and assemble the accumulated knowledge of the scientific community, Indigenous peoples, and other stakeholders that live and work in the Amazon. The Panel is inspired by the Leticia Pact for the Amazon. This is a first-of-its-kind Report which provides a comprehensive, objective, open, transparent, systematic, and rigorous scienti fic assessment of the state of the Amazon's ecosystems, current trends, and their implications for the long-term well-being of the region, as well as opportunities and policy relevant options for conservation and sustainable development. Abstract This chapter examines site-specific opportunities and approaches for restoring terrestrial and aquatic systems, focusing on local actions and their immediate benefits. Landscape, catchment, and biome-wide considerations are addressed in Chapter 29. Conservation approaches are addressed in Chapter 27


If you wish to operate a boarding establishment for cats and/or dogs you will need to have an animal boarding establishment licence. Find out more.


The research work connects with the implementation of positive output Relift luo converter with PV based BFO optimized neuro control theory for Electrophoretic deposition. The above chosen converter is newly developed acumen DC to DC converter with voltage lift technique. The green energy from photo voltaic cell was feed to the power converter with suitable pre modelled PV array. The dynamic behavioural characteristics of power electronic converters is too much nonlinear due to the nature of switching and varying nature of time .the ANN based feed forward controller is proposed for the developed novel converter[. off line trained quasi Newton back propagation algorithm was developed through bacterial foraging optimization for the current research work. The Bio assisted foraging behaviour of bacterium was developed as an algorithm to manipulate the effectiveness of the industrial application. The closed loop performance analysis of the above converter using software simulation (MATLAB) as well as proto type implementation with TMS320F2407 was validated for the application of Electrophoretic deposition .Applications such as electrode position by using anodes and cathodes ,electro coating are the recently developed processes with respect to voltage lift converters . For various conditions like supply disturbances and load changes the performance of the converter to be found better.


The Southern Annual Forest Inventory System (SAFIS) is in various stages of implementation in 7 of the 13 southern states serviced by the Southern Research Station. The SAFIS design is an interpenetrating design where the n units (1/6 acre plots) are divided into k = 5 panels, each panel containing m = n/k units. Panel 1 plots are measured in year 1, panel 2 in year 2, etc., such that all plots have been visited by the end of year 5. The panel cycle is repeated into perpetuity. Each panel, in effect, is a 5-year periodic survey with complete overlap of sample units. Numerous estimation schemes are possible, and we explore five possible options. The five options are (1) use existing periodic inventory programs to produce 5-year survey estimates by adjusting all five panels to a common year, (2) analyze each annual panel independently, (3) produce 5-year estimates by combining the five panel estimates by varying the weight given to each panel, (4) base inventory estimates on mixed estimation where actual and predicted values are combined, and (5) use imputation techniques such that unmeasured plots are filled in with imputed plots. A two-phase method for forest area estimation that uses the known map marginals from a thematic map is presented as an alternative to photo interpretation-based estimates.


Examples from shipping, steel, auto, computer, and other industries show how organizationsplants, companies, national industries, or entire countriesdevelop the capacity to compete successfully. Compares innovative change in eight countries to uncover factors affecting the capacity for innovation.


The government designed Curriculum 13 in overcoming problems in the world of education that have not been resolved in the 21st century. The purpose of this study is to describe the HOTS questions in the Final Year Assessment (PAT) physics at SMA Surabaya, this research is a descriptive study by analyzing the PAT question documents qualitatively and categorizing based on the cognitive levels of analyzing (C4), evaluating (C5), and creating (C6). The research target is the PAT question document for grades 10, 11, and 12 for the 2018/2019 academic year, 2019/2020 academic year, 2020/2021 academic year at SMAN 11 Surabaya. The results of this study indicate that the PAT physics questions at SMAN 11 Surabaya based on the cognitive level classification of the C4 question category dominate the percentage value of PAT questions in the last three academic years, namely 2018/2019, 2019/2021, 2020/2021. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the PAT questions for each grade level differ in cognitive level in the number of HOTS questions with a smaller percentage than LOTS questions and no criteria for creating questions (C6) are found, and C4 questions dominate the percentage of PAT questions in the last three academic years.


The sections in this article are

1
Introduction

2
Discovery

3
Physics

4
Chemistry

5
Biology

6
Magnetic Resonance Imaging

7
Human MRI

8
Concluding Remarks

9
Biographical Sketch

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In this paper, we present a robust adaptive neural network control design approach for strict-feedback nonlinear systems with uncertainties. In the controller design process, all unknown terms at intermediate steps are passed down and approximated by a single neural network at the last step. By this way, the structure of the designed controller is much simpler, and the control law and the adaptive law can be given directly. The result of stability analysis shows that the proposed scheme can guarantee the uniform ultimate boundedness of the closed-loop system signals, and the control performance can be guaranteed by an appropriate choice of the control parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by simulation results.


The purpose of this essay has been to compare different constitutions, and their outlook on citizenship, rights, obligations and natural duty. This has been done in the light of the political philo ...


The outline of the mechanisms by which the heart initiates its ceaseless, repetitive contractions begins to emerge from the careful deductions of the series of experiments discussed in the preceding presentations. For some time this laboratory has recorded and analyzed transmembrane potentials of single cardiac fibers of the spontaneously beating heart, usually in sifu and with the circulation intact. We hoped thereby to obtain further information on the nature of the surface phenomena that are of interest to the clinical investigator confronted with the complexities of an electrocardiographic curve. I have chosen a pedestrian course of presentation that will impress some as superfluous, but that may be of aid to others in assessing the difficulties of the road over which the previous writers have traveled so easily. In the following pages some aspects of transmembrane potentials will be discussed, as they appear of particular interest to those concerned with the electrical phenomena of the beating heart as a whole. In many aspects the information is as yet incomplete, but a dim outline of the completed structure appears on the horizon. I have omitted a detailed description of the normal components of cardiac transmembrane potential; these may be found in recent reviews.'


Abstract The adhesion strength as well as the crack resistance of hard CVD coatings on cutting tools are widely influenced by the appertaining residual stress states. They are generated during cooling down from coating temperature, or during a subsequent heat treatment. To enhance the knowledge of the residual stress development in such CVD coatings on steels, X-ray residual stress analyses were performed during the cooling process. Therefore, a high temperature chamber for a Ψ-diffractometer was developed and manufactured. It allows X-ray residual stress analyses at temperatures of up to at least 1000°C using a measuring range of 2θ ≥ 94° at |Ψ| ≤ 60°.


Objective: Experience sampling (ES) involves participants rating ambulant phenomena at unpredictable intervals. Despite its perceived benefits, there is little published research evaluating the limitations of this method. Method: Predictors of compliance were investigated across three studies using ES in psychotic populations. Results: Regression analyses indicated that none of the demographic or clinical variables significantly (p .05) predicted the number of valid reports or compliance as defined by traditionally used cut-off points ( 33%). Conclusions: We conclude that it is difficult to predict compliance in ES research, which is likely to be an accessible methodology, even for people experiencing distressing symptoms.


The aim of this experimental work was to investigate the effect of utilizing solar energy for heating greenhouse on growth, development, productivity, and fruit quality of three different hybrid of sweet melon crop (Yathreb 7, Yathreb 8 and Yathreb 22) during winter of two following growing seasons (2008 and 2009). Two similar gable-even-span greenhouses were functioned at EL-Sabahia Horticultural Research Station to grow and produce sweet melon crop. The three hybrids crop were planted on December during the two growing seasons under two different greenhouse microclimates. The first greenhouse (G1) was equipped with a complete heating system utilizing the solar energy, while, the second greenhouse (G2) was mechanically ventilated during daylight without heating system. The obtained results revealed that, the maximum and minimum indoor air temperatures of (G1) during January, February, March, and April, respectively, were 26.1 and 12.9oC, 28.0 and 15.7oC, 28.6 and 16.4oC, and 30.6 and 17.1oC. Whereas, the maximum and minimum indoor air temperatures of (G2) during the same period were 26.8 and 6.3oC, 28.0 and 10.8oC, 30.4 and 13.5oC, and 32.6 and 15.3oC, respectively. The obtained data also showed that, the microclimatic conditions of (G1) was at and around the optimal level for the sweet melon crop, resulting in increase the growth, development, and productivity of crop. The increase percentages in fruit yield were 18.35 and 27.59% in the first and second year, respectively.


The invention discloses a detection device applied to a mobile terminal, comprising a box body and an infrared lamp. The box body is composed of a bottom wall, a top wall and three adjacent side walls. The infrared lamp, which is mounted on the top wall, is used for providing standard infrared light for detection. The bottom wall is provided with two guide slots. The detection device further comprises two pairs of positioning members. Each positioning member is provided with a block part and a pair of elastic parts, wherein the block part is used for limiting the horizontal displacement of the mobile terminal, and the elastic parts are respectively fixed to the two sides of the block part and clamped in the guide slots. According to the detection device, the positioning members of which each is provided with the block part and the elastic parts are arranged, the block parts limit the horizontal displacement of the mobile terminal, and the elastic parts are clamped in the guide slots in the bottom wall of the box body, so that the mobile terminal can be fixed right under the infrared lamp, and infrared detection of the mobile terminal of any size can be realized reliably.


This article describes three California programs aimed at changing the costs of driving and scheduled for implementation but not currently operational. They include peak pricing on the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, charging single-occupancy vehicles a toll to use high- occupancy vehicle lanes in San Diego, and a privately built and operated tollway with congestion pricing in Orange County. Both the Bay Bridge and the San Diego projects anticipate using automatic scanners to read electronic debit or credit cards displayed on the vehicles.


Aminoff A, Gunnar E, Barbaro M, Mannila M, Duponchel C, Tosi M, Robinson K, Hernell O, Ehrenborg E. Novel mutations in microsomal triglyceride transfer protein including maternal uniparental disomy in two patients with abetalipoproteinemia. Clin Genet 2012: 82: 197–200. The distance in the right panel of Figure 1A should be 4.7Å instead of 12.8Å as was originally published. Please refer to the corrected figure below: (a)


Abstract The article presents the laboratory investigations of the basic thermal and hygric parameters of standard lightweight aggregate-concrete and lightweight aggregate-concrete supplemented with municipal sewage sludge. Both types of concrete are based on light aggregates, commonly used in the Polish building market. In order to improve the hygric parameters of the material, such as water absorptivity, the admixture of water emulsion of reactive polisiloxanes was applied. Within the presented research, together with basic moisture parameters estimation, capillary rise process was monitored using Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) modified sensors. Hygric parameters were supplemented with the estimation of thermal conductivity coefficient λ determined using stationary method. The analysis of thermal and hygric properties of concrete confirmed the applicability of lightweight aggregate-concrete with sewage sludge supplementation for further production.


The author holds that the economy at home and abroad at the turn of the century have taken place great changes, which decides that the applying information technology in optimization industrial structures is necessary.Information technology and information industry having high infiltration and growth decides it has an unsupersession role in the adjustment and optimization of industrial structures, in addition, some suggested counter measures about accelerating information technology and optimization are also put forward.


In 2001, in the gardens of Vilnius, Jurbarkas, and Nemencinė the following seven slug species (2,073 individuals in total, 115 ± 42.4 slugs per 5 m2 on average per month) were found: Arion subfuscus, A. fasciatus, A. circumscriptus, Deroceras reticulatum, D. agreste, D. sturanyi, and Malacolimax tenellus. The numbers of slugs found in different months significantly differed (ANOVA, df = 5, F = 7.58, p < 0.0001). D. reticulatum was the most common species in all the study sites (46.6% of all the slugs found) except for Nemencinė, where A. fasciatus was more abundant (48.7%). A negative correlation (r = -0.359, p < 0.05) between abundances of A. subfuscus and A. fasciatus was revealed. Abundances of A. subfuscus and A. circumscriptus and those of D. reticulatum and D. agreste correlated positively. Throughout the study period the weight classes of Arionidae showed that the representatives of the family might reproduce during the whole vegetation period. According to our data, the family Agriolimacidae showe...


In the present paper, our aim is to study geometric properties of normalized Rabotnov functions. For this purpose, we determined sufficient conditions for univalency, close-to-convexity, convexity and starlikeness of the normalized Rabotnov functions in the open unit disk.


Complexity analysis of fractional-order chaotic system is an interesting topic in recent years. How to measure the complexity of fractional-order chaotic system correctly and effectively is the basis of its theoretical analysis and engineering application. In this paper, complexity analysis of three-dimensional fractional-order chaotic system based on multivariate multiscale fuzzy entropy (mvMFE), multivariate multiscale sample entropy (mvMSE) and multivariate multiscale dispersion entropy (mvMDE) respectively is proposed. In the case of single parameter change, different entropy such as mvMFE, mvMSE and mvMDE are used to analyze how complexity varies with parameter. In the case of two parameters change, the change of complexity is analyzed by the chromatomap which takes two parameters as independent variable, and mvMFE, mvMSE, and mvMDE as the dependent variable when the two parameters change simultaneously. Aiming at the performance problem when the complexity of three-dimensional fractional-order chaotic system is analyzed by mvMFE, mvMSE, and mvMDE, the maximum complexity under single parameter and the detection area under two parameters are used as indicators. The result shows that the performance of mvMDE is the best, and the nonlinear term in the mathematical model of fractional-order chaotic system is positively correlated with the complexity of the system. This will provide a new method for measuring the complexity of fractional-order chaotic system, and lay the basis of theoretical analysis and practical application of fractional chaotic system in the fields of image encryption, sound encryption, image compression-encryption technique, and secure communication.


Summary Background The Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) curtailed endoscopy services, adding to diagnostic backlogs. Building on trial evidence for a non-endoscopic oesophageal cell collection device coupled with biomarkers (Cytosponge), an implementation pilot was launched for patients on waiting lists for reflux and Barrett's oesophagus surveillance. Aims (i) To review reflux referral patterns and Barrett's surveillance practices. (ii) To evaluate the range of Cytosponge findings and impact on endoscopy services. Design and methods Cytosponge data from centralized laboratory processing (trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) for intestinal metaplasia (IM), haematoxylin & eosin for cellular atypia and p53 for dysplasia) over a 2-year period were included. Results A total of 10 577 procedures were performed in 61 hospitals in England and Scotland, of which 92.5% (N = 9784/10 577) were sufficient for analysis. In the reflux cohort (N = 4074 with gastro-oesophageal junction sampling), 14.7% had one or more positive biomarkers (TFF3: 13.6% (N = 550/4056), p53: 0.5% (21/3974), atypia: 1.5% (N = 63/4071)), requiring endoscopy. Among samples from individuals undergoing Barrett's surveillance (N = 5710 with sufficient gland groups), TFF3-positivity increased with segment length (odds ratio = 1.37 per cm (95% confidence interval: 1.33–1.41, P < 0.001)). Some surveillance referrals (21.5%, N = 1175/5471) had ≤1 cm segment length, of which 65.9% (707/1073) were TFF3 negative. Of all surveillance procedures, 8.3% had dysplastic biomarkers (4.0% (N = 225/5630) for p53 and 7.6% (N = 430/5694) for atypia), increasing to 11.8% (N = 420/3552) in TFF3+ cases with confirmed IM and 19.7% (N = 58/294) in ultra-long segments. Conclusions Cytosponge-biomarker tests enabled targeting of endoscopy services to higher-risk individuals, whereas those with TFF3 negative ultra-short segments could be reconsidered regarding their Barrett's oesophagus status and surveillance requirements. Long-term follow-up will be important in these cohorts.


: Orally Fast Dissolving Strips (OFDS) is a novel drug delivery dosage form designed and developed as an alternative to orally conventional drug delivery system (tablets, capsules, syrups). Many drawbacks like gastrointestinal destruction of liable molecules, slow onset of action, low absorption of macromolecules and unavoidable fluctuation in the concentration of drug which may either leads to under-or-over medication. To overcome these difficulties, recent trends are shifting towards developing an innovative drug delivery system to improve safety, efficacy & patient compliance by fast dissolving technologies, which dissolves within a minute in oral cavity. This dosage form is an alternative plate form for molecules that undergoes high first-pass metabolism. OFDS are useful in patient such as pediatrics, bedridden or developmentally disabled, geriatric, who faces difficulty in swallowing solid dosage forms like tablets & capsules. Now-a-days this technology became a novel and widely accepted formulation by consumers. Various approaches are employed for formulating OFDS's and among which solvent casting is widely used method. The present review attempts to focus on formulation aspects, manufacturing methods, evaluation parameters & an overview on packaging available and some marketed products.


e15533Background: Biomarker identification for early breast cancer diagnosis is confounded by comparing healthy control patients to patients undergoing surgical procedures and stress of a potential...


AimAerobic exercise may interfere with subsequent responses to strength training. The aim of this research was to examine the acute effects of cycling or running on subsequent leg strength performa ...


This research tests the effects of Technology Acceptance Model factors (usefulness, enjoyment, and ease of use) on the use of the online channel for information search and online purchase in the post-adoption context. By applying the Prospect Theory and introducing the concept of motivational approach–avoidance conflict, this research also examines the moderating role of the simultaneous online shopping motives of pursuing benefits and avoiding risks in online shopping behaviors. Multi-group comparisons across shoppers with high/low motivational conflict (benefit perceivers vs. risk perceivers) show that online shopping motives limit the predicting power of the Technology Acceptance Model in the post-adoption context. Theoretical and practical implications are provided.


Objective: The study investigated the preoperative anatomical variables that affect the outcome of surgical correction in patients with Class III facial asymmetry. Methods: The study recruited 37 consecutive patients with facial asymmetry who had 2-jaw orthognathic surgery. They were divided into two groups based on the surgical outcome: symmetrical (S group) or asymmetrical (A group), according to the asymmetry index. The CBCT images were obtained before surgery (T0) and after debond (T1). The 3D dentofacial measurements were compared between groups S and A by the Mann–Whitney test. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship of all dentoskeletal variables in T0 with the facial symmetry outcome. Results: Significant between-group differences were observed in preoperative time, including maxillary anterior occlusal canting, maxillary posterior occlusal canting, the gonion–Frankfort horizontal plane (FHP) distance, the mandibular ramus axis–FHP distances, and sagittal and transverse of condyle position. Conclusions: For patients with severe skeletal Class III asymmetry, preoperative anatomical variables, particularly preoperative "roll" and "yaw" discrepancies and anatomical limitations of the mandible, should be considered for favorable asymmetry correction. Based on the anatomic variables that affect the outcomes of facial asymmetry correction, prognosis and treatment limitation could be predicted before treatment.


Fluidized-bed and entrained-flow gasification systems are developed for large-scale synthesis gas applications with at least 100 MW biomass input. However, there is also a market need for smaller-scale plants, which could be better integrated into energy production systems and local biomass logistics. The staged fixed-bed (SXB) gasifier described in this paper targets a size range of 10-50 MW of feedstock input. The primary gasification stage occurs in an updraft fixed bed. The tar-containing updraft gas is further processed in the secondary gasification zone, where gas temperature is raised from 200-500 °C to 750-900 °C by feeding secondary oxygen through a specially designed catalytic distributor zone. The composition and tar content of the resulting raw gas is similar to that of fluidized-bed gasifiers. Consequently, hot gas filtration, catalytic reforming and final gas cleaning technologies, similar to those recently developed and demonstrated for fluidized-bed gasifiers, can be applied. The results from the 0.5 MW pilot gasification tests carried out with wood, bark and sunflower husk pellets are presented in this paper.


The necessity of establishing the data control interface in industrial enterprise network hierarchy is discussed. The interfaces are classified according to whether they have message switching or not. For the interface having message switching, the two security interface model of base and enhancement type are proposed to improve the practicability and security of the interconnected system. Finally, the enhancement model is applied to the design of MES internet architecture.


The influence of three calf rearing systems on milk yield, milk composition, udder 18:00, n=11) and no damtheir
dam after birth. In the 10th week of life contact dams and calves were physicallyseparated and had only visual contact. They were trained to drink from nipple buckets.
In the 11th week of life thcontact. All calves were gradually weaned from milk until the 13th- cows and those gave less milk than-indicating disturbed milk ejection. Udder health was not affected. Nursed calves grew
ut after separation there was a growth check. However, two
weeks after weaning live weights of dam reared calves were still significantly higher Hence, our results suggest that half-day mother-calfcontact helps to decrease milk losses while calf development is still improved.


That microorganisms grown in culture will eventually cease growth and sometimes die is known to all who have carried on pure culture work. Cessation of growth may be due to one of three factors: (1) depletion of nutrients, (2) unfavorable environmental conditions, or (3) the so-called "staling effect" which is due to the accumulation of products of the organism's own metabolism. When cessation of certain physiological activities occurs even when environmental conditions are favorable and there is an ample supply of nutrient materials in the medium, it is evident that this cessation is due to the third of the above-mentioned factors. It is a well-known fact that in the commercial production of alcohol by fermentation there is a certain alcohol concentration which cannot be exceeded, regardless of the amount of sugar supplied to the yeast cell. It is obvious that after a certain period the yeast is no longer able to produce alcohol, and, since fermentation always stops about when the same alcohol concentration is attained (if the same yeast strain is always used), it is logical to assume that for every strain of yeast there is a maximum alcohol concentration above which the yeast ceases to function. A number of workers have observed that different yeasts will vary in the amount of alcohol they produce (e.g., distillery yeasts and wine yeasts); these differences might possibly be due to differences between the yeasts in their abilities to tolerate alcohol. Of course, during the alcoholic fermentation many substances other than alcohol are formed, but ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide are


A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is form over wireless media by the various mobile nodes. In other word we can say if various mobile nodes from a network without any infrastructure, such kind of network is known as Mobile Ad-hoc Network. In MANET communication between two mobile devices are performed by routing protocol. In MANET each mobile node can directly communicate with other mobile node if both mobile nodes are within transmission range. Otherwise the nodes present in between have to forward the packets for them on network. In such condition each mobile node acts as a router to forward the packets for others. Forwarding packet in MANET with limited resources (like bandwidth constraints, hidden terminal and limited battery power) is a very challenging task. Till data may routing protocols were proposed are an improvement over a number of different strategies considered in the literature for a given network. So it is quite difficult to find out which protocol may perform better under different network conditions of MANET. In this survey paper we proved an overview of various routing protocols proposed by various researchers. We will also provide comparative study of all routing protocol to find out the performance of protocol for large MANET.


Electrostatic discharge (ESD) endurance ability of InGaN blue light-emitting diodes is significantly improved when antiparallel Ga- and N-polar domains coexist within the p-type GaN-layer region. The inversion of Ga to N polarity in this region, which is verified using convergent-beam electron diffraction, was induced by the stress accumulated in the underlying layers. A typical p-type GaN layer, which is composed of a periodical arrangement of Ga-polar domains (width, 450 nm) and antiparallel Ga- and N-polar domains (width, 150 nm), improves the negative human-body mode ESD 4000 V pass yields to greater than 90%.


Excess liability insurance, as the phrase implies, sits atop primary insurance or a lower layer of excess insurance and is required to cover only claims that are above the policy's "underlying limit" and reach the "attachment point" of the excess policy in question. Historically, the law was largely indifferent to whether the underlying limit was exhausted by full payment from the underlying insurer or by other means such as payment by the policyholder due to an underlying insurer's insolvency or because the policyholder and underlying insurer had compromised a coverage dispute for less than 100 percent coverage by the underlying insurer, with the policyholder "filling the gap" of the remaining underlying limit in order to reach the attachment point of an excess policy. This was the legacy of the 1928 Zeig v. Massachusetts Bonding Co. case, a short but influential Augustus Hand decision. Over time, excess insurers jeffrey W. Stempel (email@example.com) is Doris S. & Theodore B. Lee Professor of Law, William S. Boyd School of Law, University of Nevada Las Vegas. Thanks to Bill Boyd, John Buchanan, Tim Burns, David Goodwin, Dan Hamilton, Erik Knutsen, Doris Lee, Ted Lee, Barry Levin, Randy Maniloff Leo Martinez, Lorie Masters, David McClure, Ann McGinley, Doug Richmond, Nancy Rapoport, Keith Rowley, Larry Stewart, Jeff Thomas, and John White, as well as to Chelsea Stacey for valuable research assistance. Additional thanks to American Law Institute Restatement of the Law ofLiability Insurance Reporters Tom Baker and Kyle Logue, whose work on this provision and others of the Restatement continues to educate in spite of disagreement on this issue. The same holds true for Restatement catalyst Ken Abraham and Advisors Michael Aylward, Bill Barker, Bob Jerry, Adam Scales, and Dan Schwarcz


Abstract This study investigated the effects of learners' first language (L1), lexical aspect of verbs, and proficiency levels on their use of the English progressive aspect. It analyzed spoken data from learners of three different L1s (Chinese, German, and Spanish) in an international learner corpus (LINSEI), in comparison with native speech in a comparable native speaker corpus (LOCNEC). The analysis reveals that regardless of learners' L1 and proficiency levels, their use of progressive markings is predominantly associated with activity verbs (prototypes), supporting the association prediction of the Aspect Hypothesis (Andersen, Roger W. & Yasuhiro Shirai. 1994. Discourse motivations for some cognitive acquisition principles. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 16(2). 133–156). Contrary to the fourth prediction of the Aspect Hypothesis, both intermediate and advanced learners use stative progressives, and especially intermediate L1 Spanish learners overuse stative progressives, indicating a complex interaction between L1 and proficiency on non-prototypical form-meaning associations. The results suggest that L1 effect, lexical aspect of verbs, and proficiency levels jointly drive tense-aspect acquisition.


The retention characteristics of a variety of underivatized phenols eluted from fused-silica cpaillary columns coated with Superox-20 have been evaluated. The relative retention times of these compounds have been determined at 160/sup 0/, 150/sup 0/, and 140/sup 0/C and the effects of operating temperature have been evaluated within these limits. The use of high resolution gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy with the same column has led to detailed characterization of phenolic constitutents and identification of 29 phenols from a SRC-II process middle distillate. These technizues are useful for the separation and identification of individual phenolic components present in complex mixtures. 5 figures, 4 tables.


Technical Vocational Education (TVE) is recognized as that aspect of education which leads to the acquisition of practical and applied skills that will enable its recipients to secure employment in a particular occupation. These skills cannot be acquired in a vacuum but rather in a well- established and functional workshop with the right tools, equipment and machines for effective implementation of the program. This paper discussed extensively on the provision of workshop tools and equipment as a necessity for TVE graduates skills acquisition that will enable them to be gainfully employed. The paper highlights on the concept and importance of TVE. Issues concerning workshop tools and equipment in TVE in Nigeria and the constraints to effective implementation of TVE with respect to workshop tools and equipment were discussed. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations made amongst which are: that special intervention funds should be set aside by government for procurement of workshop facilities to TVE institutions, such channels may include Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) as practiced in Nigeria and a specific percentage of Income tax generated annually by Government should be utilized for the provision of workshop facilities to TVE institutions.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sertaconazole nitrate suppositories for treating vulvovaginal candidiasis.Methods A double-blind,randomized controlled trial was conducted.30 cases in both treatment group and control one were applied with sertaconazole nitrate suppositories and clotrimazole ones for 1-2 times,respectively.Patients were evaluated at day 7±1 and day 28-35 after ceasing medication.Results 28 cases in the medical trial group and 30 cases in control were evaluated;The clinical efficacy at day 7±1 were 89.29% in the test group and 86.67% in control group;and 81.48% versus 66.67% at day 28-35 after drug withdrawn,respectively.No treatment-related adverse events occurred in both groups.Conclusion This study suggests that sertaconazole nitrate suppositories are effective and safe for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis.


A door seal-equipped vehicle body structure (10) is provided with: an upper edge seal member (18) that is attached to a vehicle body along the upper edge (12c) of a front door opening (12); and a vertical seal member (21) that is attached to the rear edge section (32) of a front side door (13) (a door main body (24)) so as to be separated from the upper edge seal member (18) in the vertical direction. The vertical seal member (21) comprises: a hollow section (45) that is formed to have a hollow shape that faces downward; an upper end opening (46) that is connected to the upper end of the hollow section (45) and that opens upward; and an enlarged section (47) that is interposed between the upper end opening (46) and the hollow section (45) and that is larger than the hollow section (45).


Examining the Black/White disability gap among older adults, this study focuses on the role of timing in racial inequality over time. Using the Duke Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE), the author reexamines Black and White disability trajectories with attention to timing of onset. In addition, known mediators are examined for their relative impact on onset and accumulation of disability. The author finds that diverging trajectories of Black and White disability, evidence of a cumulative disadvantage argument, are fueled solely by differences in onset. A more nuanced picture of racial disparities arises when controls are included, lending support to a weathering hypothesis. Access to health care is primary in explaining the Black/White disparity. The author concludes that timing is integral to the study of health trajectories and that research using cumulative disadvantage benefits from supplemental theories with specific assertions as to timing, including weathering.


This article analyzes Jose Rafael Calva's novel Utopia Gay (1984), from the joint perspectives of meta-language and Post-modernity in relation to Queer Theory. It attempts to explain that both gender and sex are social constructions, and it also thinks over struggle, identity and diversity. The novel argues about the rights of minorities, attacks the capitalist system of exploitation and exalts the Marxist theory.


The powerful novel invention of entangled photon source by using a nonlinear silica micro ring resonator for quantum cryptography use was established and investigated. This entangled photon pair was generated under the degenerated four wave mixing process under the phase mismatch adjusment. The corresponding entangled photon generation Hamiltonian was established and studied in term of EPR pair. The obtained entangled photon pairs can be applied to the quantum cryptography distribution under quantum teleportation process showing the feasible and suitable for quantum information communication via the high visibility and $Q$ factor results. The advantage of this novel entangled photon source will be proved to become a part of quantum distribution device in the near future.


The Invasive Plant Counsel of New York State (1999) has identified Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum) as one of the major invasive species in the state. It is found in a variety of habitats on Long Island, ranging from xeric barrier beaches to hydric intermittent ponds. This species expands its range by seeds and rhizomes. The rhizomes of Japanese knotweed can extend up to 20 meters from the parent plant (TNC 1999). It forms large monospecific stands that densely shade and cover the ground. This prevents the seeds of native grasses, shrubs, and trees from germinating. In order to determine the potential impact of this species, an attempt was made to determine its geobotanical interactions.


Although the roles of long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) ANRIL (Antisense non‐coding RNA in the INK4A locus) have been established in various tumors, its roles in mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells are still unclear. This work aims to explore lncRNA ANRIL roles in regulating the mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming of liver cancer cells. First, we found that lncRAN ANRIL expression was significantly increased in HCC tissues or cells compared with the normal adjacent tissues and normal tissues or cells. Functional experiment showed that overexpression of lncRNA ANRIL promoted mitochondrial function in HCC cells, evident by the increased mitochondrial DNA copy numbers, ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) level, mitochondrial membrane potential, and the expression levels of mitochondrial markers, while ANRIL knockdown exerted the opposite effects. Mechanistically, lncRNA ANRIL acted as a competing endogenous RNA to increase ARL2 (ADP‐ribosylationfactor‐like 2) expression via sponging miR‐199a‐5p. Notably, the miR‐199a‐5p/ARL2 axis is necessary for ANRIL‐mediated promoting effects on HCC cell mitochondrial function. This work reveals a novel ANRIL‐miR‐199a‐5p‐ARL2 axis in HCC cell progression, which might provide potential targets for HCC treatment.


Summary Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle cv. 'Paan') native to South East Asia, has a distinct flavour and quality characteristics. Maintenance of the green colour in the peel of lime is a desirable quality attribute during storage. Post-harvest chlorophyll degradation in lime was studied in fruit stored at room temperature (30°C) at a relative humidity (RH) of 70 – 85%. Within 7 d of storage, the total chlorophyll content decreased to 53.9% of its initial level. The highest chlorophyllase activity (1.68 units mg–1 protein) was observed after 4 d of storage and declined thereafter. Peroxidase activity differed from chlorophyllase activity and increased significantly to 6.25 units mg–1 protein after 9 d of storage, (i.e., at the late maturity stage). Respiration rate and 1-aminocyclopropene-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase activity did not significantly affect the chlorophyll degradation process in lime.The total nitrogen content of lime peel was inversely correlated with its chlorophyll content. A higher soluble protein content was observed in yellow peel than in mature green peel. A colour index chart was developed for maturity stages 1–4 in lime based on peel colour changes from mature green to full-yellow, and its correlation with chlorophyll content and fruit quality attributes.


To evaluate the outcomes based on gland size between robotically assisted radical prostatectomy (RALP) and open RP (RRP), as larger prostates might increase the difficulty of RP.


Industrial design in this era of globalization, especially in Bali has a very important role because it can create a product that can provide a big advantage in the field of industry and trade. Purpose of this paper is to investigate the development efforts of wooden handicrafts and industrial design application procedure in Bali wood craft. This study uses empirical type of research that the juridical conceptualize an empirical phenomenon that can be observed in real life. Conclusion of this paper is the design development efforts wood craft industry is to improve aspects of production and marketing aspects in the country or abroad as well as industrial design application for wood crafts can be submitted in writing to the Indonesian Directorate General of Intellectual Property Rights.


In the present paper, we report on the absorption and emission properties of (0.1-1.5 mol %) Ho3+ doped LFBCd (Li2O−LiF−B2O3−CdO) glasses prepared via melt quenching method. On exciting these glasses at (λexci) = 452 nm, two emissions at 556 nm (5S2→5I8; Green), 655 nm (5F5→5I8; Red) have been obtained. Upon exciting these glasses with a 980 nm diode laser, NIR emissions at 1195 nm (5I6→5I8), 1951 nm (5I7→5I8) have been measured for 1 mol % Ho3+:LFBCd glass. For higher concentration beyond 1.0 mol %, emission quenching of Ho3+ glass has been noticed and which has successfully been explained in terms of an energy level diagram. From absorption cross-section data, stimulated emission cross-section has been evaluated by applying McCumber's theory and further cross-sectional gain has also been computed for the emissions at 1195 nm (∼1.20 μm) and 1951 nm (∼2.0 μm) of 1 mol % Ho3+:LFBCd glass.


The nullity of a graph G, denoted by η(G), is the multiplicity of the eigenvalue zero in the spectrum of G. A unified approach is presented for the characterization of graphs of order n with η(G) = n−4. All known results on trees, unicyclic graphs, bicyclic graphs, graphs with minimum degree 1, and r-partite graphs, for which η(G) = n−4 are shown to be corollaries of a theorem of Chang, Huang and Yeh that characterizes all graphs with nullity n − 4.


Introduction: Migraine is one of the most frequent and incapacitating neurological diseases currently. Episodic migraine is considered to be that which lasts less than 15 days a month and its treatment covers a number of drugs that are used acutely or as prophylaxis. Within the preventive aspect are included the antiepileptic drugs, presenting some of them great effectiveness. Objective: The objective of this research is to know the efficacy of different antiepileptic drugs by reviewing the existing literature to demonstrate its application in clinical practice. Materials and methods: To evaluate the effectiveness of antiepileptic drugs in the prophylaxis of episodic migraine, a systematic search was performed in databases such as Pubmed, Chocrane, and ScientDirect, where studies of the last 5 years were extracted. Conclusions: There is a wide variety of antiepileptic drugs for the prophylaxis of migraine, some considered as first line treatment while others have moderate activity; Among the most effective, key and topiramate and valproic acid play a key role. The antiepileptics carbamazepine, levetiracetam and gabapentin may be useful as the studies prove to be superior to placebo. On the other hand, oxcarbazepine, clonazepam, lamotrigine and vigabatrin did not prove useful in the prophylaxis of migraine.


The plants of sterile line K149A,maintainer line(B)149 and three restorer lines(R)L783,Tai 106 and PH85-4 were used as materials,such generations of F 1(AR),F 2,B ' 2(A∥AR)and B′ 2(A∥BR)were obtained by crossing and self-crossing All of the materials mentioned above were planted on the experiment farm of Shandong Agricultural University in 1995 and their seed setting rates were examined in 1996 The results showed that the male sterility of K-cytoplasm was sporophytic sterile type,the fertility restoration of the three restorers to K149A was governed by one pair of dominant restoring gene and the restoration ability of L783 to K149A was stronger than that of Tai 106 and PH85-4


Using a one-dimensional model, the author studied drop formation using a boundary value perturbation, rather than a spatially periodic one as considered by Rayleigh. The Rayleigh solution becomes the high jet velocity approximation to this linear analysis. At lower velocities the analysis shows that the medium becomes dispersive, and drop formation characteristics are quite different from that predicted by Rayleigh. In an appendix, the gross momentum balance and flow rate conservation are used to consider drop formation from a stream.


The article analyzes the present situation of sport facility in Guangzhou city by investigation, documents and comparative method. It shows that insufficient sport facility is the main reason to obstruct mass sport from developing in Guangzhou. To comparative with developed countries, Guangzhou has dropped behind in some fields, such as building mass sport facility, average area of sport facility per person, opening school sport facility for society. At last, the author made some suggestion to solve these problems.


Polyurethane (PU) films with low water contact angle hysteresis (CAH) were prepared by employing less than 0.2 wt.-% of mono- or bihydroxyl-functionalized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) of 60-70 DMS repeat units. A Si content of as low as 0.03 wt.-% was sufficient to lead to a CAH of 20°. The curing temperature demonstrated strong effects on the wetting behavior of the PDMS-modified PU films: a relatively low curing temperature (40 °C) resulted in stronger surface segregation of PDMS than higher curing temperatures, giving rise to high water receding CAs and thus low CAH. It was found from angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis that the surface silicon content was greater when cured at a lower temperature. The surface of PDMS-modified PU films was very smooth from AFM observations, but the Si content had strong effects on the surface phase contrast. The chain length of 60-70 DMS repeating units for both mono- and bifunctional PDMS appeared to be long enough to prevent the surface reorganization during the CA measurements.


Abstract Purpose This cross‐sectional, descriptive, correlational study aimed to measure burnout, quality of life (QOL) and perceptions of patient‐related adverse events among paediatric nurses amid the COVID‐19 pandemic and assess the relationships between these scores and participants' demographic and work‐related characteristics. Background The mental health of most nurses may severely suffer due to the significant adversities that they struggle with while they care for their patients amid the COVID‐19 pandemic. Mental distress negatively affects nurses' relationships and work performance, which may adversely influence the quality of care and patient safety. Methods A convenient sample of 225 Jordanian paediatric nurses completed a test batter comprising the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, the Brief Version of the World Health Organisation's Quality of Life questionnaire and the nurse‐perceived patient adverse events' questionnaire. This study was prepared and is reported according to the STROBE checklist. Results Paediatric nurses reported high levels of burnout, low QOL and high occurrence of hospital‐acquired infections. Participants' age and hospital/unit capacity were significantly associated with burnout and QOL. Conclusion Personal traits, perceived salary insufficiency and hospital/unit capacity represent factors that aggravate burnout, lower quality of life and worsen perceived patient safety among paediatric nurses. Relevance to clinical practice Policymakers should promote nurses' mental integrity and patient safety by addressing issues of workload and financial sufficiency and by provide interventions aimed to increase nurses' resilience. Patient or public contribution Patients or public were not involved in setting the research question, the outcome measures, the design or implementation of the study. However, paediatric nurses responded to the research questionnaires.


Abstract. We numerically simulate and optimize a high-power fiber Raman amplifier cladding pumped by spectrally combined diode lasers at wavelengths from ∼0.9 to ∼1  μm in the continuous-wave regime. This amplified a signal at the first-Stokes wavelength of 1024 nm. We found that it was possible to add pumps over an increasingly wide wavelength span up to ∼90  nm, while still maintaining an incremental conversion efficiency higher than 60%, even though the Raman linewidth is only ∼15  nm. We investigated the dependence on the power of individual diode lasers and on the wavelength spacing and found that the total conversion efficiency reaches ∼70  %   with realistic pump sources based on state-of-the-art diode lasers. We believe this study shows the potential for high-power fiber Raman lasers pumped by spectrally combined multiwavelength diode and fiber laser sources.


The Internet has dramatically increased the possibilities for media product development. This is becoming a key factor for media companies specialized in managing and distributing information, as h ...


We present a cascade architecture for keyword spotting with speaker verification on mobile devices. By pairing a small computational footprint with specialized digital signal processing (DSP) chips, we are able to achieve low power consumption while continuously listening for a keyword.


In this paper, we obtain  Bayesian prediction intervals as well as Bayes predictive estimators under square error loss for generalized order statistics when the distribution of the underlying population belongs to a family which includes several important distributions.


In this article, the authors describe, reflect, and analyze the implementation of a commonly used teaching strategy with a technological twist: exit tickets via Twitter. Longitudinal data collected over the course of three years demonstrated that using Twitter to reinvent a nondigital teaching practice ultimately demonstrated a better understanding of student learning, provided a model for effective teaching, and offered more opportunities to hear student voices. Likewise, analyses showed the most important benefit of the strategy was an immediacy to classroom interactions. Examples of these interactions and the value in the immediacy, which allowed the instructor to capitalize on teachable moments and cocreate curriculum with students, are highlighted.


Dermatological problems of amputees due to excessive heat generation within the prosthetic socket can lead to ulcers, cysts, sores, infections, and tumors. Approximately two-thirds of those suffering from dermatological problems are lower limb amputees. Currently there is research into developing new prosthetic socket designs with lighter or ventilated material to alleviate these problems. However, these designs have to be tested to ensure the amputee can rely on the device to be mechanically sound. The proposed dynamic gait simulator is designed to measure prosthetic socket strain distribution for a range of ground reaction forces and gait velocities so that mechanical integrity of these new designs can be evaluated, as well as assist training of new prosthetists in socket design.


Surface electromyography (EMG) signal is a complex nonlinear signal which can be used in clinical for early diagnosis of preterm labor. But it is difficult to differentiate uterine contractions which lead to preterm birth by using EMG signals with current tools. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed to extract the features from surface uterine EMG signal and to distinguish the normal term labor from abnormal preterm labor signals. In this algorithm, firstly, the signal is preprocessed to eliminate the noise and high frequency component using threshold de-noising and wavelet de-noising methods. Secondly, the fractal dimension value along the signal is calculated for the extraction of contraction patterns. Then each contraction pattern of the signal is decomposed and the average wavelet packet energy of the whole signal is calculated using wavelet packet transform. Finally, the signals are classified using artificial neural network method. The experimental results show that the classification accuracy of term labor signal and preterm labor signal can reach 64.1% which is an encouraging result.


Talent training in higher vocational colleges shall be employment-oriented.Optimization of teaching staff and curriculum structures,enhancement of employment guidance,intruduction of "double certificates" policy and the combination of learning with production will strengthen students' job-hunting ability and boost the employment quality of graduates.


A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING DEPARTMENT OF URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA-NIGERIA


Objective To study the effect of photodynamic therapy(PDT)on human bladder cancer cells in vitro,and to evaluate the relationship between effect of PDT and dosage of phtofrin Ⅱ.Methods Bladder cancer cells T-24 exposed to photofrinⅡ were treated with PDT.Cell growth curves were made.The inhibitory rate of cell growth and morphology of cells were analyzed.Results The cells in control group grew rapidly,while those in PDT-treated group were significantly inhibited.The structure of cells in PDT-treated group was damaged.Conclusion Growth of bladder cancer cells is significantly inhibited after PDT treatment.The effect of inhibition is positively related to PDT dosage.


BACKGROUND
The indicator of Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL) has been frequently used to analysis of premature mortality and recently has been used to estimate the impact of the last influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic. The aim of this study was to estimate the excess deaths from pneumonia and influenza (P&I) in Spain and the PYLL during the period 1980-2008, measuring the mortality attributable to influenza regarding the type/subtype of influenza dominant in each season.

METHODS
Monthly excess deaths were calculated with cyclical regression models. The PYLL calculation was performed as the product of the number of excess deaths and the difference between life expectancy at birth and years lived for each age group. The analysis of the variation between P&I excess deaths and PYLL, depending on the predominant influenza virus type/subtype was carried out with a Poisson regression analysis.

RESULTS
In seasons dominated by influenza virus A(H3) the average P&I excess deaths was estimated at 1,348, and for PYLL in 5.297, while in seasons dominated by A(H1) or B the average P&I excess deaths was 648, and for PYLL 2.885. The adjusted rate ratios of excess (2.11, CI-95%=2.05-2.16) and PYLL (1.86, CI-95%=1.83-1.88) indicate that the relative frequencies for both indicators are significantly larger in seasons dominated by influenza virus A(H3).

CONCLUSIONS
Excess deaths and PYLL doubled when comparing seasons predominantly subtype A(H3) and other influenza viruses.


Activity Pt3Ni7/NSTF ORR Cathodes for PEMFCs A. J. Steinbach, D. van der Vliet, S. M. Luopa, J. Erlebacher, and D. A. Cullen 3M Company, Fuel Cell Components Program 201-2N-19, 3M Center, St. Paul, MN 55144 Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering 3400 North Charles Street, Maryland Hall 108, Baltimore, MD 21218-2608 Oak Ridge National Laboratory 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6064


It is now possible to organize globally while worki ng locally: Information technologies like e-mail, the Internet, and video confere ncing to the desktop permit tight coordination of geographically dispersed worke rs across time zones and cultures. Companies are not limited to physical locatio ns for providing products and services. Networked information systems are allowi ng companies to coordinate their geographically distributed capabilities as virt ual organizations. In order for organizations to succeed, they must be able to r espond with agility in a geographically dispersed environment. The core for a vi rtual organization to increase the utilization rate of resources to the maxi mum and to make full use of the transient market opportunities lies in how to br ing the potential of information technology into play. Based on the philosophy o f agile manufacturing, this paper analyses the basic concepts and connotation of Virtual Organization Information systems(VOIS). VOIS is an information system composed of some independent information subsystems that are autonomous, collab orative and belong to umpty organizations respectively. VOIS support the operati on of virtual organization, and automate the information flow across organizatio nal boundaries. Such systems have capabilities as rapid construction, quick oper ation, and agile reengineering and swift adaptability. Differences between VOIS and traditional enterprise information systems are analyzed. On the basis of ana lyzing the structure of VOIS, an abstract hierarchical structure of VOIS is prop osed using object-oriented method. Reengineering ideology and methods of VOIS a re also explored in light of the three layers structure.


Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) is an important biomarker of brain function. Key physiological parameters required to quantify CMRO2 include blood flow rate in the feeding arteries and venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) in the draining vein. Here, a pulse sequence, metabolism of oxygen via T2 and interleaved velocity encoding (MOTIVE), was developed to measure both parameters simultaneously and enable CMRO2 quantification in a single pass.


Contains a two-way dictionary, with dialect variations, sland and grammar specific to Latin American usage; identifies differences in usage and vocabulary from country to country; conversation topics such as sport, current issues and romance; and specific needs including business, health, gay, and travelling with children.


The prediction of metabolism-dependent toxicity is a cutting-edge topic in toxicology (Bolt and Hengstler, 2008). The shape of dose-response curves and toxic profiles are strongly dependent on activating or detoxifying metabolism. Most xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes include large numbers of isoenzymes with distinct substrate specificities. This diversity started to evolve 200 to 400 million years ago when reptiles and amphibians moved from sea to land and began to eat plants. The resulting co-evolution led to the establishment of phytotoxins which gave plants protection against herbivores, and herbivores responded with new detoxifying enzymes. A highlight in our partner journal is the initiation of a new series of review articles discussing nomenclature of isoenzyme families, genetic organization, polymorphisms, substrate specificities, clinical relevance and a role in carcinogenesis (Mates et al., 2008; Florl and Schulz, 2008; Strassburg et al., 2008; Beyersmann and Hartwig, 2008; Pelkonen et al., 2008; Verstraeten et al., 2008; Adam and Laufs, 2008). To give our readers an overview we summarize the key messages of articles on drug metabolism (Table 1A) and enzyme induction (Table 1B).


SUMMARY

Differences in amounts of infection following seed inoculation, by the mealybug vector (Planococcoides njalensis (Laing)) of cocoa swollen-shoot virus were used as a short-term test of virus resistance in a range of cocoa progenies. The test results were highly correlated with virus resistance as measured in field trials. The best assessment of seed inoculation experiments allowed for progeny-dependent variation in the latent period of the virus. Experiments in which estimates of progeny means varied significantly with replicate sometimes gave poor agreement with known field performance.


As the climate changed in recent years, an increase in summer indoor temperatures in severe cold and cold regions of China has started to affect thermal comfort. However, the local design standard for energy efficiency does not recognize this phenomenon. This paper reports the potential overheating phenomenon in residential buildings and examines the rationale for the current thermal designs adopted in severe cold and cold regions of China. In this study, the two most commonly used building materials, reinforced concrete (RC) and cross laminated timber (CLT), are used separately in the design of an 18-story residential building envelope located in six different cities in the severe cold and cold regions. The energy consumption and indoor operative temperatures during the operation of these buildings are simulated using Integrated Environmental Solutions Virtual Environment (IES VE). The results demonstrate that both the RC and the CLT buildings experience varying degrees of overheating in any climate subregion. The CLT buildings have longer overheating hours compared to the RC buildings, especially in the cold regions. The results also indicate that for apartments on higher stories, the cooling energy consumption and indoor temperature also increase gradually. The research results suggest that the local design standard for energy efficiency needs to be adjusted by adding thermal design methods for summer to reduce the periods of overheating.


One of the challenges for educators in the future is that educators are faced with students with high technological mastery abilities. Advances in the business and entertainment sectors drive the evolution of computer equipment with increasingly sophisticated technology that can make things easier. The development of equipment that supports virtual reality technology is also increasingly modern and realistic, so that the use and the utilization of virtual reality technology can also be widened in various disciplines. Researchers and educators also start competing to explore their potential, develop pedagogical strategies, create teaching materials, and build technology-based and educational infrastructure to find learning systems that are more likely by students and can present high-quality, easy and fun education. In this study, it will be reviewed how the role of Virtual reality technology can help students in understanding the science of building construction. Through combination the use of tools such as VR Gear, 360 cameras and digital computer design, it is expected that various methods that are appropriate, convenient and easy for students.


We have prepared regular square arrays of Ni and Ag dots with typical diameter and thickness approaching characteristic low-${T}_{c}$ superconducting length scales. The transport properties of Nb films, grown on top of these dots, were studied in a wide temperature and magnetic-field range. The Ni dots act as pinning centers, thereby producing oscillations in the field dependence of the resistance and critical current of the Nb film. The periodicity of the oscillations corresponds to the matching field of the dots lattice spacing. Such an oscillatory behavior is absent for arrays of nonmagnetic Ag dots. The comparison between the two types of arrays implies a magnetic origin of the enhanced pinning effect.