With the development of connected filters for the last decade, many algorithms have been proposed to compute the max-tree. Max-tree allows to compute the most advanced connected operators in a simple way. However, no fair comparison of algorithms has been proposed yet and the choice of an algorithm over an other depends on many parameters. Since the need of fast algorithms is obvious for production code, we present an in depth comparison of five algorithms and some variations of them in a unique framework. Finally, a decision tree will be proposed to help user in choosing the right algorithm with respect to their data.


A transporter management system for shipyards using technologies of DGPS, GIS, communication (such as SMS transmission and reception), and sensing techniques is presented in this paper. Examples are demonstrated on how these technologies are applied to the transporter management system. The authors propose an intelligent logistics management system that can be used in shipyards. The system utilizes satellite signals and Web geographic information.


A much more systematic relationship between health and economic growth became the attention of economists (Barro and Sala-i-Martin, 2004) where correlation between health and wealth was highlighted. Economic growth models have been extended to recognize the importance of health, and to include it as a human capital input. Most of the lesser developed countries are essentially poor because a majority of their population is unhealthy (Sala-i-Martin 2005). The most important problems of less developed countries like Pakistan are hepatitis B and C (Bosan, 2010). Over 20 million people become annually infected with this virus worldwide and among those, 350 million people are chronic carriers (WHO, 2012). Universally, 2.2% of the total population is infected with hepatitis C infection (Alter et al., 2007). Hepatitis C is turning into a big health issue of mostly developing counties while Pakistan has the second most prevalence rate (8%) of hepatitis C (Khattak et al., 2013; WHO, 2012). Hepatitis B infection (HBV) and hepatitis C infection (HCV) diseases are general wellbeing threats to most developing nations where medical services frameworks do not have the security measures necessary to decrease the chances of contamination (Qureshi et al., 2010). Even there is no vaccination to prevent Hepatitis C (Ashfaq et al., 2011). So, awareness and knowledge augmentation about this disease is only one way to avoid this disease. Various studies show that people have no knowledge and awareness about hepatitis B and C disease in world as well as in Pakistan (Crutzen and Goritz, 2012; Du et al., 2012; Khuwaja et al., 2002; Talpur et al., 2007). The rate of HCV patients is more in rural areas than urban regions of Pakistan (Aziz et al., 2011). This is very alarming situation because 66% percent population live in rural areas in Pakistan (Shaikh et al., 2005) where agriculture contributes 19.8 percent in GDP and remains the largest employer absorbing 42.3 percent of the country's total labor force. The agriculture sector witnessed a negative growth of -0.19 last year and the growth of crops declined by 6.25 percent (Ministry of Finance, 2016). Hence, we tried to find either this disease is cause of loss in agriculture production or not and what are socio economic determinants of hepatitis B and C knowledge.


Purpose – Fast growth in China has led to significant improvement in people's living standards and average income. However, it has also brought about a huge rise in inequality. The purpose of this paper is to analyse regional and rural-urban inequality using a few income and consumption indicators. Design/methodology/approach – Data are collected from official statistical sources for all the Chinese provinces over 1978-1995. Both parametric and non-parametric methods are used to study the inequality between regions and between the rural and urban sub-populations. The parametric approach is to test whether per capita incomes among provinces converged over time. The non-parametric approach is the calculation and decomposition of the Gini coefficient by population sub-group and income source. Findings – The results show no evidence of growth convergence in per capita GDP, income and expenditure across provinces, but clear evidence of divergence in per capita rural (and urban) incomes and total expenditures. Three-quarters of inter-provincial income inequality are explained by inter-rural/urban inequality. Inter-provincial inequality explains more than half of rural inequality and less than half of urban inequality in most years. Originality/value – This paper uses one of the most complicated datasets for the Chinese regions. It studies inequality using different economic indicators. It considers the different dimensions of inequality in China using two different approaches. The results are important for regional development policies.


This article summarizes the results of an optimization study of a microvortex generator flow control in an inlet. Five parameters optimization was carried out using the classical design of experiment method. Two main objectives were in focus: first, to develop the methodology and skills necessary to conduct a design of experiment optimization study in area of the flow control; and second, to develop the procedures which would be used during design of vortex generator flow control in inlets. New information about the dependency of the vortex generator flow control in inlet on its geometrical parameters were obtained. Several interesting configurations were located. The parameters of optimal settings were then used to set up the vortex generator installation in a generic inlet.


✓ The role of ventriculostomy in the treatment of acute hydrocephalus following subarachnoid hemorrhage from intracranial aneurysms is evaluated. Eleven patients treated with an external ventricular drain are compared to a matched control series of untreated patients. Improvement occurred in eight of the 11 treated patients and in only one of the nine patients in the control group. Seven of the patients in the ventriculostomy series improved sufficiently to justify definitive surgery. There were no infections. In 50% of the surviving ventriculostomy patients, permanent shunts were unnecessary. Our data emphasize the deleterious effects of hydrocephalus in the acute period following a subarachnoid hemorrhage and suggest that it may be treated effectively by external ventriculostomy.


Sixteen growing rabbits with mean initial body weight of 750g were used in a feeding trial that lasted 56 days. The animals were randomly allotted into four (4) dietary treatment groups consisting of four (4) animals per group. Each treatment groups was replicated twice with individually housed rabbit per replicate.Thefourdietarytreatmentscontained0,0.5,1.0and 1.5% replacement levels of roasted-solvent extracted castor seedmeal (RSECSM) for soyabean in a completely randomized design experiment. The parameters investigated were haematological and serum indices. At the end of the feeding trial, blood samples were collected from the animals through the heart (left side) for haematology and serum indices. Eight (8) growing rabbits at the rate of two (2) animals per treatment were stunned and sacrificed for the blood collection. Data obtained were subjected to one way analysis of variance. The results show that feeding of RSECSM to growing rabbits did not show any significant (p>0.05) effecton PCV, Hb and RBC while the inclusion of RSECSM at graded dietary level had significant (p<0.05) effect on the WBC, WBC counts and Platelets. The WBC values ranged from 11025.0014900.00 while the values for platelets ranged from 72500.00 – 30500.00 respectively. Among the leukocyte differential counts examined lymphocytes, monocyte and eosinophil were significantly (p  <0.05) different among the dietary treatments, however neutrophil was not significantly (p >0.05) different among the means. The serum indices such as total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine examined were not significantly(p >0.05) affected by the dietary treatment except the cholesterol. The results of this study indicated that 1.5% inclusion levels of RSECSM in the growing rabbit diet affect some haematological parameters while it appears to be the optimum level for serum indices.


AIMS
Clinical registry-derived data are widely used to represent patient populations. In New Zealand (NZ), a national registry - the All New Zealand Acute Coronary Syndrome Quality Improvement (ANZACS-QI) registry - aims to include all patients undergoing coronary angiography; other acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients are also registered but without complete capture. This study compares national hospitalisation data of all first-time ACS admissions in NZ with patients in the ANZACS-QI registry, to investigate the use of clinical registry-derived data in research and in assessing clinical care.

METHODS AND RESULTS
Patients admitted with first-time ACS in the NZ National Hospitalisation Dataset between 01/01/2015-31/12/2016 were included. Clinical characteristics and time to 12-month clinical outcomes were compared between patients captured and not-captured in the registry. 16,569 patients were admitted with first-time ACS, median age 69 years, 61% male; 60% (n = 9918) were enrolled in ANZACS-QI. Registry-captured patients were younger, more often male, and with a lower comorbidity burden than non-captured patients. Overall, 16% patients died within 12 months, 15% experienced a non-fatal cardiovascular readmission and 28% either died or were readmitted. Patients not captured in the registry were more than twice as likely to have experienced death or a non-fatal cardiovascular readmission within 12 months as captured patients.

CONCLUSIONS
First-time ACS patients captured in the ANZACS-QI registry had very different clinical characteristics and outcomes than those not captured. Cardiovascular registry-derived data is dependent on registry design and may not be representative of the wider patient population; this must be considered when using registry-derived data.


A good nutrition provide us a healthier and productive life. The bad nutrition is one of the main causes of early death in the world. The objective of this research was to determine the nutritional state in young according to the body mass index, blood pressure, anemia, glucose, physical activity, food intake and pattern consumption in young (13-17 years old.) of the institute of San Antonio de Oriente. The sample was 58 participants (58% male and 42%female). A food frequency questionnaire and "The Food Processor" SQL version 10.10 program was use to estimate the daily intake of energy and nutrients. Parametric statistic for the analysis of information and to determine the variability between data collection was used. The physical activity, anthropometric measurements and clinical analysis were on the normal range, although 13% of young had anemia, 19% of the sample with overweight and obesity, 16% pre-hypertension problems and 4% pre diabetes. Deficiencies on iron, calcium, vitamin C, fiber and energy was found, excess in sodium intake, carbohydrates and vitamin A as well, according to the daily requirements of the nutrition institute of Central America and Panama. The pattern consumption does not include dairy products, fruit and vegetables and meat in smaller portions, therefore this population is at nutritional risk. It is recommended to provide information about the importance of dairy products, fruits and vegetables, and minimize sodium consumption.


Web-based applications have become a popular means of exposing functionality to large numbers of users by leveraging the services provided by web servers and databases. The wide proliferation of cu...


A molded bra of a layered assembly of a plurality of plies of flexible moldable material. The layered assembly generally defines two molded breast cups a bridge intermediate of the two breast cups and a chest band from which each of the molded breast cups are disposed. The assembly includes an outward ply of a fabric material presenting a first outermost surface of the bra to the convex side of the breast cups of the bra, and an inward ply disposed to the opposite side of the assembly where the first outermost ply is presented and presenting a second outermost surface of the bra to the concave side of the breast cups of the bra. The layered assembly includes at least the inward and the outward ply at the entire perimeter about the bra regions and wherein the outward ply has been folded at the perimeter to provide a hem affixed to the inward ply.


Introduction Clocks, Caves, and Utopias Storms, Pilots, and Byzantium Splinters in the Mind: Methods of Hiring People Alternatives to Jigsaw Puzzle and Spray Paint Utopias: Evolutionary Approaches to Hiring People Look! We're Modern: Training People Conclusion Acknowledgments About the Author Index


Fourteen new cultivars of potting Anthurium were introduced for comparison, and four excellent cultivars with high resisting property were selected which is suitable for local greenhouse production. And main cultivating techniques were mentioned from seedling to flowering.


In recent years, the world has witnessed the rapid emergence of several novel technologies and computing environments, including cloud computing, ubiquitous computing and sensor networks. These environments have been rapidly capitalised upon for building new types of applications, and bringing added-value to users. At the same time, the resulting applications have been raising a number of new significant challenges, mainly related to system design, deployment and life-cycle management during runtime. Such challenges stem from the very nature of these novel environments, characterized by large scales, high distribution, resource heterogeneity and increased dynamism. The main objective of this thesis is to provide a generic, reusable and extensible self-management solution for these types of applications, in order to help alleviate this stringent problem. We are particularly interested in providing support for the runtime management of system architecture and life-cycle, focusing on applications that are component-based and that run in highly dynamic, distributed and large-scale environments. In order to achieve this goal, we propose a synergistic solution – the Cube framework – that combines techniques from several adjacent research domains, including self-organization, constraint satisfaction, self-adaptation and self-reflection based on architectural models. In this solution, a set of decentralised Autonomic Managers self-organize dynamically, in order to build and administer a target application, by following a shared description of administrative goals. This formal description, called Archetype, contains a graph-oriented specification of the application elements to manage and of various constraints associated with these elements. A prototype of the Cube framework has been implemented for the particular application domain of data-mediation. Experiments have been carried-out in the context of two national research projects: Self-XL and Medical. Obtained results indicate the viability of the proposed solution for creating, repairing and adapting component-based applications running in distributed volatile and evolving environments.


the Netherlands, the use of the ground water for domestic, municipal, industrial and agricultural purposes is rapidly increasing and with the increasing requirements, it has become necessary to have a better insight in the subsurface geology and hydrology of the region. Keeping this view in mind, the present study was proposed. In the present paper seepage flow intensity has been calculated by using hydrogeological and hydrological methods.


To the Editor: Toxoplasmosis can cause severe disease in immunocompromised hosts and especially in bone marrow transplant recipients.1–5 We describe a case of an 18-year-old male after haploidentical alpha/beta T-celland B-cell-depleted peripheral blood stem cell transplant diagnosed with disseminated toxoplasmosis using plasma next-generation sequencing (NGS). An 18-year-old male with acute myelogenous leukemia received a haploidentical alpha/beta T-celland B-cell-depleted peripheral blood stemcell transplant.He received amyeloablative conditioning regimen including rATG (3 mg/kg × 3 days), busulfan (16 doses, average AUC 1,111 μMol/min/dose), thiotepa (5 mg/kg × 2 days), and cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg × 2 days). Rituximab (375 mg/m2 × 1 dose) was given on day+1 for an infused B-cell dose of>1 × 105/kg. He engrafted neutrophils on day +13. On day +21, he became febrile. Cefepime and vancomycin were initiated. A blood culture on day+22was positive for Staphylococcus haemolyticus.PlasmaNGS sent on day +23 yielded a positive result on day +27 for Toxoplasma gondii (>316000mpm, ref<10mpm).Hewas started onpyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, and leucovorin. He developed respiratory failure by day+26 and care was withdrawn on day+28. Postmortem serology sent to the Toxoplasma Serology Lab (Palo Alto, CA) demonstrated a positive IgG (dye test) at 1:16; IgM (ELISA) was negative. Postmortem plasma PCR was positive for T. gondii. In immunocompromised hosts, toxoplasma can cause severe disease.2,5,6 Manifestations include pneumonia, encephalitis, and disseminationwithmultiple organ involvement.2,4,6,7 In hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients, incidence varies from 0 to 16%2,3,5 with mortality upward of 80%.1–4 In a review of 110 cases of toxoplasmosis in HSCT patients, ante-mortem diagnosis was made in only 47% of patients.4 Since most toxoplasmosis infections in HSCT patients reflect reactivation of latent infection, routine assessment of the pretransplant serologic status of donors and recipients identifies high-risk patients.1–3,7,8 In a series of 23 HSCT patients with toxoplasmosis disease, 87% were seropositive prior to transplant.1 Prophylaxis for seropositive high-risk patients has been shown to prevent disease.1,2,7,8 At our center, we now screen donors and recipients pretransplant, monitor seropositive patients with PCR testing during the peri-transplant time period, and institute prophylaxis with neutrophil engraftment. In our patient, diagnosis was made by cell free plasma NGS, which rapidly tests formany organisms at once.9 In a recent study of 350 septic adult patients, cell-free plasma NGS demonstrated an increased yield in pathogen detection by 34% with an average return of result of 29 h.9 Utility of plasma NGS for detection of T. gondii is not well reported.9–11 In our patient, initial serologic testing sent after the plasma NGS result was negative. However, postmortem serologic for toxoplasma was positive for IgG. Postmortem plasma toxoplasma PCR was also positive. Toxoplasmosis should remain a consideration in immunocompromised patients with culture negative sepsis. Pretransplant serologic screening should be considered as should prophylaxis in high-risk patients. NGS may be utilized to obtain a diagnosis rapidly and expedite initiation of therapy.


The journals which contribute most to management research are identified and ranked based upon the number of citations they received during a recent four-year period in the two top management journals, Administrative Science Quarterly and The Academy of Management Journal. Rankings are provided based upon total citations, citations per article published annually, and citations per 10,000 words published annually. A final ranking of just the top ten management journals is based upon the last criterion.


Preparation techniques of aramid no-woven cloth were improved. Through impact tests, the mechanics and the influence of areal density on penetration and anti-bullet properties of different fabric structures have been studied. The results show that no-woven cloth has better anti-bullet properties than others. When no-woven cloth has less areal density, its laminate will have better anti-bullet properties.


A rich Early Triassic ammonoid fauna of 14 genera discovered near the village of Gornji Brčeli (Crmnica, southern Montenegro) contains the three new species Radioceras? tabulatum, Pseudoflemingites martellii and Parahedenstroemia petkovici which are described. They belong to a Middle Smithian (Owenites beds) fauna and represent a unique finding in the Lower Triassic of the western Tethys where otherwise shallow-water conditions prevailed. The ammonoids originate from a series of grey-green marls and clays with intercalated, thin, mica-rich dark grey sandstones, and point towards a deeper marine environment obviously with a close open-marine connection to the Tethys ocean.________________________________________________________________ Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences Vienna xxx xxx DOI: 10.17738/ajes.2017.0017 2017 Volume 110/2 New Early Triassic (Smithian) ammonoids from Gornji Brčeli (southern Montenegro)


The concept of impact pressure in the interaction of femtosecond laser pulse and dielectric target is defined. The absolute values of impact pressure are calculated by means of time-resolved shadowgraphs.


This paper describes a wireless camera positioning system for monitoring of audio/video signal by a PC. The system is developed by using Radio Frequency Identification system, AT89S52 Microcontroller, motor driving circuit, and PC interfacing circuits. The controlling circuit is implemented by integrating hardware and software modules for the movement of the camera along 360 degrees, so to provide maximum security.


District nurses in areas hit by flooding used bicycles, wellies, four-wheel drive cars and alternative shift patterns to ensure a seamless service.


This paper proposes a design and implementation of an axial type magnetic gear (MG) based on the composition of the magnetic arrangement. We report a quantitative comparison of two MG topologies with rectangular magnets arranged in series and parallel. Increased magnetic flux is done through magnetic circuit analysis and electrical circuit approach. Testing is done by using the rotation of a DC motor drive from 300–2600 rpm with a DC generator under load conditions. Measurement of load current and generator output power for both axial MG topologies are taken and analyzed. The results showed that the performance of an axial MG with the rectangular magnetic arrangement in parallel is better than that of a series arrangement. Based on the measured loading current of the two axial MG topologies, at generator rotation between 300–1300 rpm with 100, 200, and 300 Ω resistance loads show the same load current. Conversely, after a DC generator rotation approaches ½ of the maximum rotation (1300–2600 rpm) there is a significant increase in load current fluctuations. That is, with an increase of load currents occurring, the parallel magnetic topology shows an increase in load torque due to an increase of magnetic flux in the gear train magnets of the MG.


Future space and military applications, such as, NASA space exploration missions, will require high-bandwidth but dependable avionics architectures for on-board mission-critical processing and aggregate information exchange among subsystems. This paper is to present a design process that we at Honeywell Labs have used to design next generation high-speed avionics with open system architecture. The process begins with review of prior arts and collection of voice of customers. Candidate open source technologies are then identifled by a Six-Sigma based study, followed by a failure mode and efiect analysis to select and deflne a proof-of-concept system architecture. The proof-of-concept architecture is evaluated, validated, and reflned using OpNet Modeler simulations. In the context of this paper, we use IEEE-1394b based avionics design as an example to describe this process.


The main purpose of the study was to reveal the hypoglycemic effect of a combination of some selected spices along with the evaluation of nutritional values. A sum of fourteen different types of spices at different percentages were taken into consideration to propel the research activities forward, viz; ginger, garlic, onion, red chili, turmeric, cumin, cinnamon, clove, coriander, fenugreek, black pepper, nigella, carom seed and cardamom. The healthy experimental wistar albino rats were made diabetic by injecting alloxan monohydrate intraperitoneally a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight. The rats of Group-D and Group-E were treated with the sample, mixed spices at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight respectively with the lab diet while in case of Group-C, glibenclamide at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight was introduced with the lab diet for a total period of 21 days where as for the same days span, Group-A and Group-B were continued feeding with only lab diet. Data suggest that the mixed spices of both doses applied in Group-D and Group-E had exerted effects significantly (p < 0.05) in lowering the blood glucose level. On 22nd day, in Group-D and Group-E, the FBG level was found to be reduced by around 40.66% and 41.18% respectively compared to their respective initial days where in Group-C, the reduction was around 51.90% in comparison to its initial day. Again, in case of 2hPG level measurement, on 22nd day, both the groups, Group-D and Group-E were found with the decreased level of around 19.38% and 39.11% respectively compared to their respective initial days while the Group-C was shown with the reduced of 44.26% in comparison adopting same manner. Furthermore, various analyses confirm the presence of several micro and macro nutrients and high amount of dietary fiber in the spices mix. Thus the result affirms that this combined spice possesses strong hypoglycemic properties.


The paper describes temperature dependence of DC conductivity of polycarbonate matrix materials in which nanostructured amorphous alumina has been incorporated as a filler in certain commercial grades of polycarbonate polymers. The two commercial-grade polycarbonate materials, i.e., (PC-1, PC-2 grades respectively) are processed with different levels of nanostructured alumina filler material in the concentration range of 1 5 w% with the influence of heat and mechanical torque for mixing, in which homogenization between the filler material and polycarbonate takes place that results in nano-filler incorporated polycarbonate matrix materials. The DC conductivity of the derived polycarbonate matrix materials has been measured as a function of temperature under the supply of constant voltage from ambient temperature until just below the softening point (Tg) of both base and the composite materials. The results show that there is a decrease in the DC conductivity levels and hence an increase in the insulation resistivity (IR) as compared to that of the base polymer at any temperature, which is further found to be dependent on the level of incorporation of filler material in the polycarbonate matrix.


ABSTRACT Central Europe is not drifting away from the West but belongs and wants to belong to the West. But this belonging needs an update. We face a world that is different from the time when the Central European states were joining NATO and the EU. While many see Central Europe as part of the problem, it is actually part of the solution. It can help keep the West together and keep Europe together; it can also contribute a great deal to the relations with Eastern Europe and to the global dialogue the West is leading with other global centres. But to fullfill this potential we need to go beyond the playbooks from the 1990s.


The present invention provides an eco-aqueous dry synthetic leather production line, comprising: means for transmitting a release paper or fabric actuator, for single or multiple release paper sizing or form a monolayer on the fabric or the aqueous layer was coated with the resin coating station, and the drying oven for a single or multilayer coating of aqueous resin, the oven is provided mid-wave infrared drying equipment. Production line of the present invention is safe, energy saving, high efficiency; traditional dry, double function of wet leather production line; to achieve full environmental synthetic leather industry; aqueous machining ecological synthetic leather superior quality.


We consider the problem Pε Δ2u=|u|8N−4u+εf(x)inΩ,u=Δu=0on∂Ω,where Ω is a bounded smooth domain in RN , N≥5 , that exhibits certain symmetries and contains the origin, f∈L∞(Ω) , f≥0 , f≢0 , and ε>0 is a small parameter. By using the Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction method and topological degree theory, for each sufficiently large k∈N , we construct sign‐changing solutions to (Pε) exhibiting k negative spikes at the vertices of a regular polygon and a single positive spike at the origin.


The purpose of this paper is to explore how a human-centred approach to education has achieved the transformation of displaced children's lives and reconstruction and revitalisation of their community in Colegio Amor, a shanty town school in Colombia. This paper describes history, current educational programmes and approaches from the perceptions of founders, sponsors, researchers, teachers, parents and students of the school. It also aims at generating a discussion concerning the role of education in transforming individual lives and the community at large.


This document was developed by the members of the Committee to Revise the Guidelines for Services, Personnel, and Facilities at Specialized Epilepsy Centers. After discussions with the general membership they were adopted by the Board of the National Association of Epilepsy Centers. The Guidelines will be reviewed and updated when considered necessary by the Board.


Abstract The aim of the paper is to provide a conceptual theoretical framework of the integration of the theories and models of behavioural change in the marketing mix of the social marketing programs applied in public health. A second purpose is to highlight the benefits of social marketing over alternative techniques used in programs that are designed to influence health behaviour. The research is a conceptual one, that uses both theoretical (through examination of theories and concepts) and applied approaches (through examination of particular cases and examples). In the specialized literature there are presented multiple models/theories of behavioural change, but their specific application in the marketing mix of the social marketing programs is insufficiently described. The need to use these theories in the public health sector arises from the extended application of social marketing in this field and the specificity of the domain. Eight main theories of behaviour change were studied according to their purpose, variables (possibility of segmentation) and limits. Accordingly, the study presents how these theories can be integrated in the process of social marketing implementation in defining the marketing mix strategy. In this regard, it is important to underline the advantages of using social marketing (in contrast to alternative techniques like PRECEDE/PROCEED or the ecological models), namely: it is based on consumer orientation, uses marketing research, creates attractive exchanges, considers competition, uses the marketing mix, ensures management of the processes. In addition, some elements of the alternative techniques can be taken over in the application of social marketing. Social marketing is a very useful practical tool, but it needs a well-grounded theoretical support in order to gain ground in front of other similar theories. This paper tends to enhance the theoretical tools available for researchers and practitioners.


In this paper,a measure of double scale in regional architecture design is given,that is the form topology and deep structure transformation.This measure is based on the original local architecture,and extracts the principle from both substance and mentality level.It is not only the beginning of the architecture design but also the main approaches that check the expression of the regionalism on the scheme.The form topology has several aspects,namely the ground,body and plane symbol etc.The deep structure transformation means the change of aesthetic conception,history context and behavior pattern.At last,an existing projection,the Longyan railway station is taken,which symbolizes the Kejia culture,for further discussion.


During the spring of 1944, when it became clear that the German occupation of south-east Europe would soon come to an end, the old struggle between Great Britain and Russia for influence in the Balkans again came to the surface. British fears that the German withdrawal would be followed by Soviet control over the whole of the Balkans were well-founded. Any major Anglo-American operation in this area had been ruled out, and the proximity of the Red Army was matched by the predominance of Communist influence among the guerrillas in both Yugoslavia and Greece. There were also signs of Russian determination to control events in Bulgaria and Rumania. In April and May 1944 the British Government decided that it would make every effort to retain British influence at least in Greece. The deal between Britain and Russia, which resulted after months of negotiations, is today well-known as the "Percentages Agreement." It gave Britain the predominant influence in Greece in return for a British acceptance of Russian dominance in the rest of the Balkans. This, however, was never a formal agreement, and in spite of Russian assurances that no Russian forces would be sent into Greece, the British Government continued to worry about Russian intentions, especially before the famous meeting between Churchill and Stalin in Moscow on 9 October, when the "Percentages" were actually jotted down (Barker, 1976). This meeting took place a full six weeks after the German withdrawal from Greece had begun and a mere three days before the Germans left Athens. By this time, the elaborate British plans to ensure the return to Greece of a non-Communist Government were already being executed.


Summary 1. Rabbits exposed to staphylococcal toxoid early in life have a reduced capacity to respond to the same toxoid in later life as evidenced by development of low anti-hemolysin titers. 2. Resistance to dermonecrotic effects of staphylococcal toxin is also reduced by early exposure of rabbits to the toxoid. 3. The Arthus response does not play a role in development of lesions under conditions of these experiments. 4. The possible role of acquired tolerance and similar phenomena in infectious diseases is also discussed.


The clinical and histopathologic findings in a case of lipoid proteinosis are described. Electron micrographs demonstrated the presence of an extracellular, finely granular, amorphous material located in patchy distribution throughout the dermis and about blood vessels in the lids and lip. Collagen fibers were normal. It is suggested that the different character of these deposits as compared to those in previous reports might be the result of the biopsy of lesions at different stages of development.


The paper notes that the influence on the increase in the clay soil swelling disturbs both intra-aggregate and inter-aggregate bonds. A new technique and device for studying the "sensitivity" of swollen clay soils have been developed, which make it possible to study more accurately the swelling of clay soils in the natural state and also in the structurally disturbed one on the same sample. Studies of the swollen clay soils "sensitivity" selected from various regions of Azerbaijan have shown that with an increase in the depth of clay soils, their coefficient of structural strength influence on swelling, i.e., "sensitivity" increases significantly.


The paragenetic association of Au-Ag tellurides in Jinjushan, Yinkengshan, Guil a izhuang and Jialu gold deposits has been studied based on the experimental resul ts in Au-Ag-Te ternary system. The space and time paragenetic association of Au-Ag tellurides and their non-paragenetic relationship have been r evealed as well. The experiments show that Au-Ag tellurides are the most import a nt minerals in this kind of gold deposits. The species and quantity of these min erals are controlled by the concentrations of Au, Ag, Te elements and their rati os in solutions of mineralizing system. The existence of petzite and hessite as low-temperature isomorphic modifications indicates that this kind of deposits h as been formed in the low temperature and low pressure environment .


The study objective was to describe the sociodemographic and clinic profile of Hansen disease cases attended at the Dermatologic outpatient's department of San Salvador Hospital from 1951 to 1999 on the purpose of drawing up recommendations to eliminate Leprosy as a public health problem in the country. A longitudinal descriptive study reviewed a total amount of 302 clinic dossiers covering 43 years of the programme. It was established that the patients' profile registered men, 39 average age, married, most of them from rural areas of Boyaca, working in agricultural tasks. The average time between the symptoms and the diagnostic was 5.4 years. 98.2% of the patients showed prymary leprosy symptoms, most of them, neurologic and dermatologic. Multibacilar forms predominated in 15 years old patients with a diagnosis by baciloscopy and in the paucibacilar ones, by clinics. Monotherapy was the most used scheme, taken regularly. Men showed more disability in hands, –both at the beginning and at the end of the treatment–, than the women. (Ji: 14.23 p: 0.0000). The average time between the diagnostic and the treatment beginning was 9 days, while the total treatment average time spent 12.7 years. In 40% of the cases the denouement was unknown, 26.8% were reported as healed and 19.5% died. A young peasant with lepratosomic leprosy treated with monotherapy in long periods and higher disability in hands is the profile of patients in concordance with the sickness' behavior throughout the world.


Diurnal activities of Halictus scabiosae bees and their nest parasites (major bee-flies, cuckoo wasps, ichneumon wasps, Sphecodes bees, and velvet ants) were investigated at a study site with 159 nests in Eastern Austria. Foraging activity correlated with ambient temperature only before midday and decreased in the afternoon. The activity of nest-infesting parasites increased during the day and correlated with ambient temperature. The match factor fm between the ratios of the foraging activities of H. scabiosae and the ratios of aspects of morning temperature was assessed on three consecutive days with different weather. The activity patterns of halictine bees and their nest parasites differed: the parasites exhibited only small time windows in which their activities were synchronised with those of their hosts. The bees exhibited an anticyclic behaviour and collected food in times of low parasite pressure and decreased foraging activity when parasite pressure increased.


In December 2019, China, it was identified the transmission of a new coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic situation. Furthermore, while international authorities adopted these recommendations, the Brazilian Chief Executive was going in the opposite direction, adopting a revisionist discourse, claiming for the end of social isolation and minimizing the health crises. From that point of view, we have a bibliographical qualitative research constructed from books, magazines, scientific articles, journalistic material, among other productions that helped in the construction of this article. Finally, we can conclude that the actions of the Brazilian president and his followers portrait the cruelty of necropolitics, putting the economy above the populations' life. We can also stand out that the majority of people dying of COVID-19 are considered disposable.


In the West,the logic as a subject which has a long history,generally experiences four periods:ancient Greece and Rome、the Medieval、the Renaissance and modern times.Different soil is pregnant with different "logical intelligence".Overall social environment that a community can provide,the progress and development of science(especially natural sciences) and technology,history, ways of thinking,lifestyle and mental outlook of a nation and so on,all have effects on the logic to different degrees.


The article aims to investigate patterns of association between social origins and educational destinations in primary, secondary and higher education, throughout the modernization of Brazilian society. The analysis is based on the research agenda on educational transition models and on the international comparative agenda derived from it. Results of the estimation of educational transition models are presented, using demographic census data from 1960 to 2010, and the main findings evidence different inequality parameters by educational level – relative decline in primary education conclusion, persistent inequalities in the completion of secondary education and increasing inequalities in higher education entrance.


A drug is a chemical substance which is used to treat or diagnose a disease. Its takes many years to discover a new drug as it has to undergo many tests, clinical trials etc., in order to pass the USFDA standards. Only if the drug is approved in the USFDA it is permitted to get manufactured in the pharma industries. Once the drug passes the stag of USFDA s' approval it is then manufactured and the discoverer of the drug gets the patent for that drug. As the drug research is too costly based on the expenditure of the research, the discoverer decides the price for the drug which is too high, at least not affordable by common man. For this reason the introduction to generic drugs has introduced.


ABSTRACT This article investigates irradiated and accelerated aged graphene oxide (GO)/ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) nanocomposites. The prepared GO/UHMWPE nanocomposites are gamma-irradiated at a high irradiation dose in a vacuum and then accelerated aging procedure is performed at 80°C in an air oven for 21 days. Irradiated and aged samples are characterized by Raman spectrum, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, differential scanning calorimetry, contact angle, and gel content. Filling GO reduces the intensity of Raman spectrum of UHMWPE and irradiation or aging cannot affect vibrational modes of UHMWPE and GO/UHMWPE. The result of the FT-IR spectrum shows that UHMWPE and GO/UHMWPE basically have the same oxidation index values, whether with irradiation or accelerated aging. Irradiation or aging can slightly increase the melting temperature. GO, irradiation, or aging can significantly increase the crystallinity and improve wetting properties. In irradiated GO/UHMWPE, GO is able to maintain the efficiency of the cross-linking. However, after aging, the cross-linking density of GO/UHMWPE is reduced significantly. According to the above results, it is proposed that GO shows a very weak scavenging free radicals capacity in GO/UHMWPE composites and cannot display antioxidant capacity.


Learning analytics is receiving increased attention because it offers to assist higher education institutions in improving and increasing student success by automating the identification of at-risk students, thereby enabling interventions. While learning analytics research has focused on detection and appropriate interventions, such as early alerts, there has been little investigation of student attitudes and preferences towards receiving early alerts. In this paper, we report the results of a study involving three first year units that sought to determine the opinions and preferences of students on their attitudes towards the interventions; how to best contact students; their academic issues; type(s) and quality of communication with the teaching staff; and types of university services required and received. We found that the majority of students did want to be alerted, preferred to receive alerts as soon as performance was unsatisfactory, and strongly preferred to be alerted via email, then face-to-face then phone.


A fistula between the aorta and right atrium which communicates with the right ventricle is an extremely rare and rapidly lethal complication of aortic dissection. There are only three previously reported cases of survival after operative repair of aorto-right atrial fistulae in the literature. We describe a patient who experienced acute aortic dissection with fistula formation to the right atrium and to the right ventricle. The patient underwent successful operative repair.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 7day of bovine colostrum supplementation on immunoglubulin during maximal exercise with 7 healthy males. During maximal exercise test blood collection was performed in rest, post-exercise, recovery15, 30minutes. Subjects were measured and compared with pre, and post-supplementation. Each experiment monitored and analyzed the change in immunoglobulin, cortisol. The results as follow : Serum IgM, IgG, IgA concentration were show graded increase, each experiment were significantly increased in post-exercise(p<.05), Compared with pre, post-supplementation value were not significantly(p>.05). Serum cortisol concentration were show graded in crease, each experiment were significantly increased in post-exercise(p<.05). Compared with pre, post-supplementation value were significantly(p<.05). As the result, it was showed that bovine colostrum supplementation increase the cortisol level significantly.


We report graphene field-effect transistors on hexagonal boron nitride, high-k, and polymeric films featuring state-of-the-art electrical and mechanical properties on flexible substrates. The record electrical performance includes the highest ON current (~0.3mA/μm), the first demonstration of current saturation on flexible films and intrinsic gain, and the highest conversion gain flexible graphene frequency doubler. Extrinsic transit frequency of 2.23GHz, and maximum frequency of 1.15GHz are also achieved. In addition, robust electrical response down to 0.7mm mechanical bending radius is realized.


Abstract A time-latitude diagram where spotgroups are given proportional relevance to their area is presented. The diagram reveals that the spotted area distribution is higly dishomogeneous, most of it being concentrated in few, small portions ("knots") of the Butterfly Diagram; because of this structure, the BD may be properly described as a cluster of knots. The description, assuming that spots scatter around the "spot mean latitude" steadily drifting equatorward, is challenged. Indeed, spots cluster around at as many latitudes as knots; a knot may appear at either lower or higher latitudes than previous ones, in a seemingly random way; accordingly, the spot mean latitude abruptly drifts equatorward or even poleward at any knot activation, in spite of any smoothing procedure. Preliminary analyses suggest that the activity splits, in any hemisphere, into two or more distinct "activity waves", drifting equatorward at a rate higher than the spot zone as a whole.


Model compression techniques are receiving increasing attention; however, the effect of compression on model fairness is still under explored. This is the first paper to examine the effect of distillation and pruning on the toxicity and bias of generative language models. We test Knowledge Distillation and Pruning methods on the GPT2 model and found a consistent pattern of toxicity and bias reduction after model distillation; this result can be potentially interpreted by existing line of research which describes model compression as a regularization technique; our work not only serves as a reference for safe deployment of compressed models, but also extends the discussion of"compression as regularization"into the setting of neural LMs, and hints at the possibility of using compression to develop fairer models.


Academic departments exert a powerful influence on students by recruitment of distinctive personality types into academic disciplines, and by a socialization process in which departments reward students for the display of attitudes in accordance with the norms of their disciplines. This study examined the differential patterns of student growth within the theoretical framework of Holland's theory of occupational choice using data on 2,036 students from the 1986 and 1990 surveys of the Cooperative Institutional Research Program. Holland classifies people into six personality types based upon their distinctive patterns of interests, attitudes, and competencies, and proposes a model of six types of environments that attract, reinforce and are dominated by each personality type. It was predicted that students would show differences dependent on their involvement in different academic subenvironments classified according to Holland's model. This study strongly supported Holland's theory, showing wide variation in students' self-reported patterns of growth over a four-year period as a function of the specific academic subenvironment within the institution. Results support the use of Holland's theory to examine the contribution of different instructional approaches to students' development. Tables give statistical data and a description of the model academic subenvironments of Holland's theory. (Contains 37 references.) (PRW) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the 'original document. * *******************************AAA:.************************************ ACADEMIC SUBENVIRONMENTS AND DIFFERENTIAL PATTERNS OF SELFPERCEIVED GROWTH DURING COLLEGE: A TEST OF HOLLAND'S THEORY (Revised: June 20, 1996) John C. Smart Department of Leadership 113 Patterson Building The University of Memphis Memphis, TN 38152 Phone: (901) 678-4145 Fax: (901) 678-3215 Internet: JSMART @ MSUVX2.MEMPHIS.EDU


Two years after signing the Bologna Declaration and three years after the Sorbonne Declaration, European ministers in charge of higher education, representing thirty-two signatories, met in Prague to review the progress achieved and to set directions and priorities for the coming years of the process. Ministers reaffirmed their commitment to the objective of establishing the European Higher Education Area by 2010. The choice of Prague to hold this meeting is a symbol of their will to involve the whole of Europe in the process in the light of enlargement of the European Union.


C alcification of the arterial media commonly occurs in the extremities of patients with advanced chronic renal failure (CRF).'-4 Similar changes can also be found in small subcutaneous arteries5-19 and may lead to ischemic necrosis of the skin and subcutis of the toes, feet, shins or fingers in some patients3'5'7'17'19 or of the thighs, hips, buttocks or lower abdomen in others.579 19 In the latter group painful subcutaneous induration and purplish mottling of the skin usually precedes the necrosis, which is often widespread and results in large confluent ulcers and death due to secondary infection in 85% of the patients. Because the risk of soft-tissue calcification


Background: Several mistakes in the diagnosis and treatment of bone tumors can be made, especially in non-specialized centers. Implanting conventional prostheses on an unrecognized bone tumor causes contamination of the entire region with dramatic consequences for prognosis. Purpose of our study was to try to understand which is the best way to deal with these patients. Does previous surgery affect prognosis? Does external hemipelvectomy achieve a better overall survival and local control than limb salvage surgery? Hypothesis: Demolitive surgery, scarifying the involved limb ensures better local control of the disease and improves life expectancy. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all patients with bone sarcomas at the site of a total hip arthroplasty (THA) over the years 2000-2012. After reviewing the preoperative imaging and histological slides, 11patients had a THA implanted on an unrecognized hip sarcoma. Diagnosis was chondrosarcoma in 10 patients and osteosarcoma in one. Five patients were immediately treated with external hemipelvectomy. Results: Five of 11 patients (45%) died of disease at a mean time of 34 months (range 2-82 months), 4 are alive with disease and only 2are continuously disease free. Six of eleven patients (55%) had a local recurrence at a mean time of 17 months (range 3-36 months); six of these patients had conservative treatment. Conclusions: Although a very rare event, failure to recognize an occult malignant bone tumor during total hip arthroplasty associates with poor survival rate. Outcome after limb saving surgery is disappointing due to a high rate of local recurrences. According to our experience external hemipelvectomy provides better local control but this condition remains a dramatic event.


A new synthesis of three isomeric dihydrofuroquinolines is described. This route via ortholithiation of O-quinolyl carbamates is considerably more effective than that which proceeds via lithiation of alkoxyquinolines.


highest elevations (1980+ m). In other collection years fir production ranged from 300,000 to 500,000 seeds/ha, with the exception of 1990 (complete seed failure). Red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) seed production was highest at lower elevations. The majority of fir (88-100%) and spruce (54-100%) seeds were empty. Spruce seed viability was highest in 1987 and increased with decreasing elevation (18-41%) while fir seed viability in that year was lower (6-9%). Spruce and hardwood germinal (< 1 year) and seedling (1 year to 1.37 m) densities tended to decrease with increasing elevation while fir germinal counts increased at higher elevations. No fir germinals were found in 1989 or 1990. Spruce seedling and understory densities were greatest at 1675 m elevation. Stem densities (seedlings, understory, and overstory) tended to decrease with increasing size with the exception of red spruce at 1525 and 1980 m elevation classes where understory densities were less than overstory densities.


The scales of Latimeria menadoensis has a variety of the shape of the scales from oval, rectangular, footprint, elongated-pointed edge etc. The comparison in the portion of the exposed and embedded part of the total length of the scales of Latimeria menadoensis and Latimeria chalurnnae at the approximately similar part of the body i.e. scale on the dorsal region and scales located on the region extending lateral posteriorly until caudal, indicated that this portion is different. In L. chalumnae the exposed part are one third and the embedded part are two third of the total length of the scale. The exposed part in the L. menadoensis are more than one third (average 35.9% of total length), while the embedded part are less than tioo third, but 011 the other part of the body i.e. dorsal lobe fin, the embedded part was 73.9% or approximately three [ourth of the total lellgth of tile scale. The 175 loose scales were also examined and discussed. Some of the loose scales ioere examined 1111del' the scanning electron microscope (SEM) by using two kinds of preparations. It showed the apex region, the annular ridges, the radiating ridges and the denticles. Key words: Coelacanth, Latimeria menadoensis , morphology and structure of scales, microradiography, histological technique, exposed part, ernbeded part


Multilayer neural network has been successfully applied to the time series forecasting. Backpropagation, a popular learning algorithm, converges slowly and has the difficulty in determining the network parameters. In this paper, conjugate gradient learning algorithm with restart procedure is introduced to overcome these problems. Also, the commonly used random weight initialization does not guarantee to generate a set of initial connection weights close to the optimal weights leading to slow convergence. Multiple linear regression (MLR) provides an alternative for weight initialization. The daily trade data of the listed companies from Shanghai Stock Exchange is collected for technical analysis with the means of neural networks. Two learning algorithms and two weight initializations are compared. The results find that neural networks can model the time series satisfactorily. The proposed conjugate gradient with MLR weight initialization requires a lower computation cost and learns better than backpropagation with random initialization.


The central region of Brazil was colonized by internal migration of individuals of different origins, who contributed to the genetic diversity existing in this population. This study determined the allele frequencies and haplotype diversity of Y-STRs in Goias State, Central Brazil, and compared the data obtained with a sample of the Brazilian population, consisting of individuals from the five geographical regions of Brazil. A total of 353 males were typed for


This paper examines the effect of changes in United States copyright legislation on the quantity of musical copyright registrations between the years 1978-2006. The legislative amendments examined herein are: (1) the Bern Convention Implementation Act of 1988, (2) the Uruguay Round Agreements Act of 1994, (3) the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act of 1998, (4) the Digital Millennium Copyright Act also of 1998, and (5) the Family Entertainment and Copyright Act of 2005. The author manipulated Library of Congress data in order to carry out said analysis, since no prior data set of musical copyright registrations had been previously compiled. Although federal copyright legislation regulates all cultural industries, the properties of musical compositions are sharply distinct from those of the literary works upon which copyright legislation was crafted. Additionally, music has undergone a drastic evolution with respect to its primary methods of consumption since the establishment of U.S. copyright legislation in 1790. These facts warrant analysis of the efficacy of copyright legislation specifically as an incentive for musical creation. This paper finds significant evidence that the Sonny Bono and Digital Millennium Acts, and the Family and Entertainment Act all provide statistically significant positive incentive for the creation of musical works. This paper further establishes that the above amendments exert a greater influence on the magnitude of monthly musical copyright registrations by the Big Four record labels than other musical copyright owners.


Thermal energy storage (TES) mediums can be integrated into Trombe walls to improve the utilization of solar energy to offset building energy loads. The vents at the top and bottom of a Trombe wall can be used to manage the flow of heated air through a Trombe wall to store and deliver thermal energy to match the demand profile in buildings. Herein we investigate the thermal energy stored in fire-clay bricks as a sensible storage medium integrated into a scaled Trombe wall prototype. After 3.8 hours under a solarsimulated light source at an intensity of ~325 W/m, ~33 MJ/kg is stored in the fireclay bricks when the vents are open. In comparison, ~37 MJ/kg is stored in the fireclay bricks under similar experimental conditions when the vents are closed. During the discharging phase, which begins when the light source is turned off, it takes ~3.5 hours for the amount of thermal energy stored in the fireclay bricks to decrease by 50% when the vents in the Trombe wall prototype are open. On the other hand, it takes ~4.4 hours for the amount of thermal energy stored in the fireclay bricks to decrease by 50% when the vents are closed. Improved management of solar thermal energy in Trombe walls can reduce the carbon footprint of residential and commercial buildings.


With introduction of information granularity in decision systems in this paper, the importance of core attributes and information granularity is analyzed. Besides, an effective compound attribute measure is defined, which not only considers the measures of certain information in the positive region, but also considers the importance of information granularity beyond the positive region. Based on the proposed compound attribute measure, an efficient rule extraction algorithm is presented in decision systems. Before mining the classification rules, the redundant attributes are removed in the attribute reduction stage, such that the algorithm can extract brief classification rules. Finally, a case study further verifies the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.


Colleges and universities are the sources of patent innovation.The implementation of university patent strategy affects not only the upgrading of universities' scientific research level,but also the implementation of the national patent strategy and raising the overall national strength.Therefore constructing university patent strategic platform helps to accelerate the transfer of college technological achievements,and promote the industrialization of technological achievements on a large scale.Meanwhile,it can provide comprehensive and effective intellectual property services to meet the need of enterprise personalization and development.


Social networks are increased in present days because of communication between different users like Face book, Google and Twitter. Major fundamental issue behind online social networks is control user's messages in-front of sharing rumour related messages and posts unwanted messages. It is still challenge to define user's share other user's details in social network communication. So that in this paper, Greedy Hubristic based Advanced Short Text Classifier (CHASTC). To classify filtering with rumour related classification for multi user's interaction in social networks. This hybrid approach gives direct control to users to control unwanted data posted on own space. Our proposed approach works with rule based filtering system, which consists a customized filtering for unwanted content in online social networks. Our experimental results show efficient filtering results with comparison of traditional techniques.


Abstract : Specimens consisting of: pressure vessel, USNASL, short cylinder, FTM 406 (modified), cylinder torsion, double lap shear, pin bearing, flexure and cylinder bending have been wound, tested, and the test results evaluated from an engineering and statistical standpoint. The results of testing the above listed specimens by evaluation tests have been summarized and are reported. Recommendations for adoption of the pressure vessel, pin bearing, and the double lap shear as standard test methods are proposed. Of these, the pressure vessel test method already has been put into ASTM format and is currently awaiting final ASTM approval.


Abstract A complete switch-back trial was designed for 12 cows in mid-lactation; they received three different rations of chopped wheat straw (Triticum aestivum) and concentrates – 45:55 (A), 30:70 (B), and 15:85% (C). Milk yield and composition in all three treatments were similar; milk fat was relatively low although the molar percentage of ruminal acetic acid was high in all groups. Concentration of plasma glucose was similar in all three groups whereas plasma free fatty acids of group B were higher than for the two others. Differences in the composition of plasma free fatty acids were not significant. Digestibility of dry matter decreased slighly with increasing percentage of straw in the ration; metabolizable energy per gram dry matter was equal in rations B and C and lower in ration A. Cows in group C showed a higher gross efficiency in using metabolizable energy for milk production.


It is not a little remarkable that, while almost every part of England and Scotland, and particularly the district of "the Lakes" and North Wales, has been abundantly studied and written about,—and while Ireland also has been almost completely surveyed,—the Isle of Man should not only have been left untouched by the Geological Survey, but, latterly at least, should have well-nigh escaped the attention of geologists altogether. With the exception of three or four papers by the Rev. J. G. Cumming, published in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, and their embodiment in a more popular form in his History of the Isle of Man, and Guide Book, scarcely anything appears to have been written upon the geology of the island, besides some Memoirs published in the infancy of the science, or a few brief notices of special points since.


Six samples of aircraft interior fabrics were evaluated with regard to resistance to ignition by radiant heat. Five samples were aircraft seat upholstery fabrics and one sample was an aircraft curtain fabric. The aircraft seat fabrics were 100% wool (2 samples), 83% wool/17% nylon, 49% wool/51% polyvinyl chloride, and 100% rayon. The aircraft curtain fabric was 92% modacrylic/8% polyester. The five samples of aircraft seat upholstery fabrics were also evaluated with regard to resistance to ignition by a smoldering cigarette. The four samples of wool-containing aircraft seat fabrics appeared to be superior to the sample of rayon seat fabric in resistance to ignition, both by radiant heat and by a smoldering cigarette.


Summary. This article is concerned with a generalization of concepts introduced in [10], i.e., there are introduced the sum and the product of finite number of elements of any field. Moreover, the product of vectors which yields a vector is introduced. According to [10], some operations on i-tuples of elements of field are introduced: addition, subtraction, and complement. Some properties on the sum and the product of finite number of elements of a field are present.


The analysis of the present situation in the transport complex of Siberia has shown that it fulfils its principal task which is to maintain the integrity of the social and economic space. The priorities in transport development are set and explained. Within 10-15 years ahead the transport system of the macro region will be not enough to meet the real demand of the national economy, but in order to create the motivation for accelerated development of Siberia and the Far East it must – and this is one of strategic tasks – outstrip this demand. A distinctive feature in the development of transport systems in the east of the country is that the transport network has crossroads of latitudinal and meridian mains, in the nodes of which large multi-modal transport-logistical centres are created. In the discussion of the linkage between economy and transport it is argued that in the development of the eastern areas of Russia the economic aspect of the strategy is dominant, while the intercontinental transit and increased transport openness is the evidence that the Russian economy is becoming part of the world economy and promotes access to it. It will be emphasized that it is just economic development that requires to develop the transport. The economic probability to create the basic transport network of the Asian Russia in this century is estimated.


If the political and economic future of our globe is shrouded in obscurity and controversy, there is one striking trend of which we may be certain: our collective future will be even more urbanised than it is now. Current projections estimate that the whole world will be predominantly urban by the year 2007; and the 'developing' world, which has historically been much more rural than the 'developed' world, will itself, on the aggregate, pass the urban threshold by the year 2019 (United Nations, 2002, p. 163). As the world urbanises, it sorts itself into spatially distinct patterns with respect to both density and size. The trajectory of the number and average size of large cities is especially interesting. At the beginning of the 19th century, Peking (now Beijing) was the only city with a recorded population of more than a million. A century later, 16 cities had achieved this size. By 1950, the number had risen to 83, by 1975 to 195 (National Research Council, 2003, p. 85), and by the year 2000 it was estimated that there were 387 cities with one million or more population (United Nations, 2002, p. 309). While there are more and larger cities on the planet, an increasing number of them are located in developing, or 'less developed' and 'least developed' regions of the world, to use the current United Nations nomenclature. Thus of the 195 large cities in the world in 1975, 122 (or 63%) were in the developing regions; by 2000, 297 out of 387 (or 77%) were in developing regions, and by 2015, when it is estimated that the whole world will be well into its urban phase, 449 out of a total of 554 (or fully 81%) will be in the developing world. (National Research Council, 2003, p. 85). Finally, it is worth observing that the average size of the world's largest cities is also growing. Whereas in 1800 the world's 100 largest cities averaged 165,000, the average in the early years of the current millennium is greater than 6 million (National Research Council, 2003, p. 84). In their tabulation of the world's 'megacities'—or cities with more than 10 million persons—the UN observes that in 1950 there were only two, New York with more than 12 million inhabitants and Tokyo with over 11 million. By 1975 there were four, of which two—Shanghai and Mexico City—were in 'less developed regions'. And by 2015 there will be twentytwo, of which all but five will be in the developing world (United Nations, 2004, p. 7). This powerful surge of urbanisation, which has already consolidated itself in Europe, North America and most parts of southern Latin America, is increasingly being fuelled by intra-urban rather than migratory sources of growth. Much of this intra-urban growth will reflect the process of expansion, as large cities embrace rural settlements on their outskirts. In any case, as we are again reminded by the UN, '[a]lmost all the growth of the world's total population between 2000 and 2030 is expected to be absorbed by the urban areas of the less developed regions' (United Nations, 2004, p. 1). These trends of urban growth and consolidation have produced, all over the world, agglomerations that we have termed 'metropolitan areas'. Definitions of what is 'metropolitan' as opposed to merely urban abound, but the Canadian definition of a 'census metropolitan area' can stand as a useful starting point. These areas are defined as 'cities with a very large urbanized core, together with adjacent urban and rural areas which have a high degree of economic and social integration with that core' (United Nations, 2002, p. 134). To these elements we can add the notion of a threshold size for the core city—100,000 in Canada and at least 50,000 (at least until more complex definitions took over) in the United States (Stephens and Wikstrom, 2000, p. 15); and the idea of political and cultural importance (Johnston et al., 2000, p. 501). 'Metropolitan areas' around the world are generally comprised of a number of clustered, multi-centred cities, a large total population (normally over 1 million) and a complex


Operating a computer is quite easy nowadays. We all click our way through our desktops, we all know how to open our e-mail, how to save files in folders. Working with computers has become such a common practice that we barely realize how these actions are framed by metaphors. Our first association with "cleaning a desktop" has probably more to do with deleting unused icons and files than with polishing a work-table surface. Behind our personal computer we are all disciplined office workers.1 Yet, while most operating metaphors are drawn from an office setting, we have no problem when they blend with metaphors from other settings, such as home, play, menu, or window. Reading these metaphorical signs—no matter whether they come as words or pictures—and using them as tools usually goes on seamlessly: "what you see is what you get." But, as we all know, sometimes things go wrong. Sometimes the sign/tools on our screen do not yield the expected results. Then the machine closes itself for us as users, and suddenly exposes its status as a black box—an opaque, unknown machinery between input and output. In this article, I aim to track down what exactly happens when we are reading/operating a computer, and how metaphors enable or disable our access to black boxes. First, I introduce some basic


This case raises the potential association between cervical arterial dissection and VZV vasculopathy. We advise angiographic imaging of neck vessels when VZV vasculopathy is suspected.


econstructing the spectral data of color samples using conventional color devices such as a digital camera or scanner is always of interest. Nowadays, multispectral imaging has introduced a feasible method to estimate the spectral reflectance of the images utilizing more than three-channel imaging. The goal of this study is to spectrally characterize a color scanner using a set of conventional color filters. To this end, a 1355 chart was generated and printed; the images of the printed charts were scanned putting a translucent color filter in front of each page during scanning process. Each page was scanned with 4 color filters, including gray, blue, green and yellow ones. A feed-forward Back-Propagation neural network with 12 input neurons of camera responses, one hidden layer containing 20 neurons, and an output layer of 31 neurons of spectral reflectance values was applied. It was shown that it is accurately possible to estimate the spectral data of printed samples from the scanner responses using conventional color filters and the proposed NN with an average GFC value of 0.999. The mean of color difference error was about 0.612 CIEDE2000 (1:1:1) unit or 0.987 CIELAB unit. Prog.


Abstract The effects of diffusion in the oxidation of cis-1,4-polyisoprene vulcanizates were investigated by means of the stress relaxation method. It was assumed that the diffusion of oxygen is coupled with first-order oxygen consumption and that the rate of chain scission is proportional to the rate of oxygen consumption. The diffusion equation of this process was solved under the steady-state condition to give a simple relation between the rate of chain scission and the film thickness. The experimental results were in good agreement with the theoretical treatment. The true activation energy as well as the ratio of the rate of oxidation k to the diffusion constant D could be estimated.


Four kinds of established meaning relations of words in Chinese are explained according to the classical category theory,the synonymous relation,the opposite relation,the classfication relation and the subordinate relation.And according to modern category theory,a new kind of meaning relation of words has been established in modern Chinese,that is the resemblant relation.


Abstract To evaluate possible regulatory schemes for restoring the stocks of striped bass Morone saxatilis in Rhode Island coastal waters, we constructed a computer simulation model of a cohort's expected lifetime egg production. The model demonstrated that the expected increase in egg production from a proposed increase in minimum legal harvestable size (from 17 to 24 in) also could be achieved by an alternate management regime which, unlike the proposed size increase, would allow continued use of traditional fishing gears. The alternative regime increased the minimum size (but only to 18 in) and simultaneously reduced instantaneous fishing mortality from 0.45 to 0.30. Our findings of equivalence between the two regimes are reasonably robust to errors in population parameters. We then used the simulation model to generate curves of egg production per female recruit under a wide range of regulatory regimes. Such curves can illustrate the potential effects of management measures on depleted stocks.


Aging at organ, cell and molecular levels is characterized by a variety of deleterious changes. Theoretically, all of these changes must be linked to the primary informational molecule DNA and its ancillary control proteins. The present experiments were done to determine how the rate of nucleotide uptake and/or total quantity of RNA and DNA vary with age. Thymus showed age-related changes in radionucleotide uptake and total quantity of RNA and DNA. The ratio of DNA to RNA is higher in organs of younger animals. Total organ thymus DNA decreased between maturity and senescence. Sexual maturation correlates with DNA and RNA in total organ content or in synthesis.


Scatter radiation is a major reason of image degradation in digital radiography,the degradation can be characterized by a loss of contrast and an increase in noise.In order to improve the image quality,decrease the loss of contrast,effective measures must be taken.In addition to the physical methods,much research has been done on computerized scatter compensation in digital radiography.This article reviews the development situation in this field.


[purpose] The invention jeoryeop and better performance, and on the operation and the highly reliable rotary sensor and a method of manufacturing the same. [Configuration] A means for measuring the number of revolutions of the magnetic rotating body 200, the magnet 3 and the rotation conversion element (4) is used. Electrical output signals of the rotation conversion element 4 is output to the outside via the magnet 3 is inserted conductor 1 and the connector portion 10 is molded into the base with a. Some of the inserted conductor (1) is exposed on the surface of the base (2) forms a mounting surface electrode part (1a) and the electronic part 9 is mounted on the electrode portion (1a). Base 2 and keotek taboo 10 is molded from a different phase.


Abstract Several types of radiological respiratory protective equipment (RPE) are used in tritiated environments at nuclear facilities and nuclear power plants to protect workers in those environments. It is crucial that the level of protection the RPE provides is well understood. A tritium protection factor (PF) may be assigned to RPE. The PF is often defined as the ratio of the tritium concentration in the ambient air to the tritium concentration in the breathing air. Field observations at Canada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) nuclear plants indicate that the in-use PFs are too conservative and do not represent actual internal uptakes following work in tritiated atmospheres. To improve radioactive work planning and work execution efficiency, more accurate tritium PFs are needed to cover the variety of personal radiological RPE currently in use. In order to test PFs of RPE, Kinectrics has designed, manufactured, and commissioned a tritium facility, referred to as the tritium exposure box (TEB), through support from the CANDU Owners Group. The TEB is a self-contained enclosure that permits the use of a full-sized mannequin with RPE for testing in a tritium oxide atmosphere. Tritium concentrations of up to 3.7 × 108 Bq/m3 may be achieved and maintained inside the TEB. The clean airflow to an air-supplied suit may range from 420 to 800 standard liters per minute. Following the successful commissioning of the TEB, Kinectrics has performed testing of an air-supplied plastic suit to determine the protection provided.


ABSTRACT: Soldering in the electrical and electronics industries has been elevated to a different level that involves significant changes resulting from the introduction of lead-free solders, particularly the Sn-9Zn solder system. A Sn-9Zn solder has high potential in solder joint applications because of its similarity in melting temperature with lead-based solders and excellent mechanical properties. However, threats from atmospheric corrosion are among the issues on the reliability of Sn-9Zn solder joints. Corrosion reduces solder joint strength because of the formation of pits and corrosion products. Pits coalesce and form cracks, which function as fracture paths upon joint failure. Corrosion products are formed through chemical reactions between ions released from the Sn-9Zn solder and the corrosive medium, that is, seawater or alkaline solution.


Observations from massive stars in H ii regions can help to clarify theories of massive star formation because they show the degree of isolation under which massive stars can be formed. We present a new survey, called 'A-SMASHeR', consisting of massive stars associated to not yet characterized H ii regions that are either more distant or more heavily embedded than the traditional samples. It will allow us to study in a homogeneus way many massive stars placed at different distances between l=30◦ and 180◦, presenting different reddenings and metallicities. Besides, we will use it to constrain better the theories of stellar formation and design future observations with MIRADAS


Adversarial litigation is designed on the assumption that competent lawyers will represent people. Litigants who represent themselves challenge this design and the assumption on which it is based. Common law systems, including Hong Kong, are developing strategies to address the challenges presented by significant numbers of self-represented litigants. The impact of self-representation in Hong Kong High Court civil proceedings is made more complex by the fact that, whilst proceedings in that court have traditionally been conducted in English, most litigants in person appearing in the High Court are monolingual Chinese speakers. This article reports and discusses the results of interviews with Hong Kong judges about their experience of self-representation and their recommendations for change. It also discusses the extent to which self-representation in High Court civil proceedings has highlighted challenges for Hong Kong as it incorporates bilingualism in the higher courts.


An ethnomedicinal survey of plants used to treat female infertility and other ailments in Agbor, Ika South Local Government Area, Delta state of Nigeria was conducted for the purpose of identification and documentation. Information was gathered using a semi-structured questionnaire through oral interviews with informants which included traditional herbal practitioners, traditional nurses and midwives, housewives, community elders, local farmers, and others. A total of 75 medicinal plant species belonging to 45 families were identified and their botanical names, method of preparation, administration and dosage were documented. Most of the preparations were made through decoctions or infusions. The leaves were the plant parts which were mostly used. Most of the species can be sourced locally by harvesting from farms, forests, or bushes, or by buying from local markets. To ensure the preservation and continuity of ethnomedicine, proper documentation and deliberate conservation practices should be adopted.


Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has attracted attentions by researchers to complete complex tasks in engineering, such as autonomous driving, that are typically very difficult to achieve using traditional model-based approaches. With the safety being critical in self-driving vehicles and the increased reliance on vehicle connectivity, the resilience to cyberattacks has to be systematically studied. In this paper, we train a deep Q-learning based agent to drive autonomously in the CARLA simulator under various scenarios that the agent may experience during a cyberattack. Specifically, we observe the agent's behavior and performance in the presence of denial-of-service and deception attacks. The results reflect an inbuilt level of resilience to cyberattacks with the DRL methods. Comparing with conventional driving agents, deep Q-learning agents can learn to deal with uncertainty and missing information without explicitly modeling such behavior


As the shock of the global credit crunch subsides, the next phase inevitably kicks-in: steeply rising unemployment and growing domestic political pressure for a return to protectionism. As the global economic hangover hits home, the world's nations, like a bunch of recalcitrant teenagers, sink into their morose, self-centred protectionist sulks.


Main alterations seen in patients with chronic renal insufficiency are anemia, systemic arterial hypertension, and muscular atrophy, which lead to low aerobic capacity and loss of muscle strength. Hence part of these patients treatment consists in programs of physical exercise. The purpose of this literature review was to assess muscle and cardiovascular acute effects and chronic adaptations in end-stage renal disease patients submitted to physical exercise during hemodialysis. After browsing through Medline, Lilacs and PEDro databases, as well as searching for periodic articles at the UFMG Medicine School library, 13 articles were selected, related to aerobic exercise associated or not to muscle strengthening during hemodialysis. Studies varied as to exercise intensity, frequency and duration. Most articles found that physical exercise performed during hemodialysis favoured better aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and control of cardiovascular risk factors, helping solute removal during hemodialysis. Though the subject is scarcely studied, available literature shows that exercises during hemodialysis are beneficial to patients' aerobic capacity and muscle strength.


sometimes had in mind a technicalnotion of sympathy and other times a colloquialnotion. The technical notion typically makes a psychological point, such as the discussion at T 384-389 . We find the technical not ion largely in the Treatiseand the Moral Enquiry, with more isolated discussions in the Natural History ofRelifion, "Of Tragedy," the "Dissertation on the Passions," and a letter to Adam Smith on July 28, 1759. By contrast, Hume 's more colloquial uses of "sympathy" and "compassion" usually appear alongside other terms, such as fellow-feeling, cordial affection, humanity, friendship, mutual attachment, and fidelity. The colloquial use is also sometimes designated in the phrases "sympathy of manners" and "sympathy of character." Hume 's use of the terms "sympathy" and "compassion" in the History are virtually all colloquial, such as these: "the queen was engaged, by a sympathy of manners , to take adulterers and fornicators under her protection" (volume 4, chapter 38); "The executioner himself was touched with sympathy" (volume 6, chapter 68); "Lewis received him with the highest generosity, sympathy, and regard" (volume 6, chapter 71).Just as these uses of the "sympathy" and "compassion" are colloquial, many of the more implied sympathy elements of Hume's History are also colloquial, and not technical in the ways the Herdt suggests. Further, many of the other sentimentalist components of Hume's History noted by Herdt may only be a function of lively writing style, as H u m e himself prescribes in the lengthy expunged port ion of the first Enquiry, section three. Thus, Herdt may exaggerate the idea that sympathy is a philosophical theme of the History'. Nevertheless, Herdt 's book is a well-written and original work of scholarship that breaks new ground both in its analysis of Hume's technical not ion of sympathy, and in its social emphasis of Hume 's religious critique. JAMES FIESER Universitv of Tennessee at Martin


Three studies examined the explicit and implicit self-concepts of college women. Participants completed self-report measures and implicit association tests measuring identification with the concepts "college education" and "motherhood." Explicitly, participants identified more with college education than with motherhood. Implicitly, however, participants identified more with motherhood than with college education. The dissociation between mean levels of explicit and implicit identifications was more pronounced for students without children than for mothers (Study 2). In line with principles of affective – cognitive consistencies, the more motherhood was linked to the self, the stronger the correlation between attitude toward motherhood and self-esteem (Study 3). The findings show a clear discrepancy between explicit and implicit self-knowledge and reveal that motherhood plays a more important role in the self-concept of undergraduate women than self-reports would suggest.


We introduce a sigma model lagrangian generalising a number of new and old models which can be thought of as chiral, including the Schild string, ambitwistor strings, and the recently introduced tensionless AdS twistor strings. This "chiral sigma model" describes maps from a $p$-brane worldvolume into a symplectic space and is manifestly diffeomorphism- and Weyl-invariant despite the absence of a worldvolume metric. Construction of the Batalin-Vilkovisky master action leads to a BRST operator under which the gauge-fixed action is BRST-exact; we discuss whether this implies that the chiral brane sigma model defines a topological field theory.


of his PhD research, and again in 1982-83 specifically for the present project. The book is well-written and of interest to all concerned with contemporary Inuit society. The first two chapters introduce the physical setting, the economic, social and political structure of Holman Island, and traditional and contemporary life stages and cycles of its Inuit inhabitants. The main chapters examine seasonal variation in daily activity cycles, family life, friend and peer groups, sexuality and mate selection, schooling, employment and lifestyle aspirations, rebellion and deviance, all from the perspective of contemporary adolescent Inuit. A concluding chapter discusses the more important findings of the study, and compares these to adolescent experiences in several other, including American, societies. Three central concepts essential to understanding are identified: the extremely rapid rate of social change, the high degree of autonomy displayed by Inuit adolescents, and the influence of seasonal variation in the Arctic ecosystem on all social and economic activities. The first two, in many respects the most important, are recurring themes throughout the book. In the last chapter Condon states thathisbook"... does no more than offer a detailed ethnographic description of adolescence ..." in Copper Inuit society, and indeed his observations are free of any subjective censure. Nevertheless the book vividly documents the harsh reality of a generation caught between a traditional, secure, essentially egalitarian way of life on the one hand, and a more materialistic, competitive and uncertain way on the other. With its publication, together with his earlier Inuit behaviour and seasonal change in the Canadian Arctic (1983), Condon is clearly becoming a major figure in contemporary Inuit ethnography, and those interested in northern societies will look forward to his future publications. (J. M. Savelle, Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Canada R2T 2N2.)


To the Editor: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 has become a major meat safety issue worldwide. Cattle, an important reservoir of human infection (1), may not be the only source of this organism (2,3). In a survey of pigs in England (4), non-STEC O157 was isolated from four (0.4%) fecal samples collected (after slaughter) from 1,000 pigs. We found that, although an unlikely source of infection for humans, pigs are a potential reservoir of STEC O157:H7 in Japan. In 1997, there were 14,400 pig farms and 9,823,000 pigs (average 682 per farm) in Japan. Thirty-five (0.24%) of these farms were randomly selected for study, and rectal swabs were taken from 221 healthy pigs during May and June 1997. The average number of animals examined on each farm was 6.3. Fecal samples were dipped into test tubes containing Cary-Blair transport medium (Nissui, Japan) and kept refrigerated until processing (usually within 48 hours). Swabs were then incubated overnight at 42°C in 10 ml of mEC broth (Kyokuto, Japan) containing 20 μg/ml of novobiocin (Sigma, USA), after which one loop of the broth was spread onto MacConkey sorbitol agar medium (Difco, USA). After overnight incubation at 37°C, sorbitol-negative colonies from the agar plates were tested by slide agglutination with E. coli O157-latex test (Oxoid, UK). Strains that agglutinated were confirmed as E. coli by using the API 20E system (BioMerieux, France). Strains confirmed as E. coli O157 were subcultured in a motility medium for 3 to 4 days to enhance development of flagella, then they were tested by tube agglutination with E. coli H7 antiserum (Denkaseiken, Japan). The swine E. coli O157:H7 isolates were examined by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of Shiga-toxin genes stx1 and stx2 and to elucidate intimin (eaeA) DNA sequences (5), for a plasmid of 92 kb (pO157) by agarose gel electrophoresis (6), and for phage type by the previously described method (7). Although the numbers sampled were too small to allow comparisons between farms, samples from three (1.4%) apparently healthy pigs (ages: 2, 6, and 9 months) from three farms (8.6%) were positive for STEC O157:H7. The three strains from the pigs were biochemically typical of STEC O157:H7 that did not ferment sorbitol and lacked ß-glucuronidase; agglutinated with E. coli O157-latex and with H7 antiserum; possessed stx1, stx2, and eaeA genes; and harbored pO157 plasmid characteristic of STEC O157:H7. The strains belonged to phage type 21, 37, or 43. The 1.4% carriage rate of STEC O157:H7 in pigs in this investigation is almost the same as that in cattle in Japan (8), which suggests that STEC O157:H7 strains are probably widespread in Japanese pig populations. The STEC O157positive pigs were each housed in a concretefloored pen and kept separate from cattle. Whether these pig isolates are the same as cattle or human isolates needs to be clarified; however, they had the same biochemical and genetic markers as STEC O157:H7 isolated from cattle and humans (6,9). The phage type 21 that we found among pig isolates was also observed in bovine and human STEC O157:H7 isolates in Japan (7). These results suggest that common vehicles for dissemination of the organism may exist. So far, pork has not been identified as a source of human STEC O157:H7 illness in industrialized countries, but our results indicate that eating pork, contact with pigs, and contamination with pig feces should be considered potential sources of this pathogen. This is the first isolation of naturally occurring STEC O157:H7 in pigs in Japan.


Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia in adults, affects 1 in 25 people over the age of 60 years and 1 in 10 over the age of 80 years.1 There is considerable morbidity, mortality and economic burden associated with AF, all of which will increase with the expanding elderly population. Until recently, pharmacologic therapy with AV nodal blocking agents, antiarrhythmics and anticoagulation were the mainstay of therapy. Although electrical cardioversion is associated with a high immediate success rate, most patients have recurrences of AF with only 23% remaining in sinus rhythm one year after cardioversion.2 Antiarrhythmic agents have been shown to improve sinus maintenance, but these medications have variable success and are associated with many potentially serious side effects. In addition, the recently published AFFIRM trial suggests that a pharmacological rhythm control strategy has no benefit in terms of mortality or morbidity over a rate control and anticoagulation strategy.3 Over the last few years, there has been a great deal of enthusiasm regarding catheter based ablation strategies aimed at curing AF.


The Gravity Probe B (GP-B) satellite experiment will measure the precession of on-board gyroscopes to extraordinary accuracy. Such precessions are predicted by General Relativity (GR), and one component of this precession is the `frame-dragging' or Lense-Thirring effect, which is caused by the rotation of the earth. A new theory of gravity, which passes the same extant tests of GR, predicts, however, a second and much larger `frame-dragging' precession. The magnitude and signature of this larger effect is given for comparison with the GP-B data.


Tanlu Fault zone is one of the most important active faults in east China. Yishu Fault, the middle section of the Tanlu Fault zone, presents a graben system consisting of two grabens and four main boundary faults. The eastern graben between Weifang and Jiashan is the most active segment of the Tanlu fault zone, along which developed a 360km long Holocene active fault zone (F 5). The F 5 fault zone has been defined as what consists of all Holocene faults in the eastern graben. The Anqiu earthquake of AD 70 and the Tancheng earthquake of 1668 occurred along the northern and middle segments of the Holocene active fault, respectively. We found a 7km long surface rupture between the main boundary faults of the eastern graben in Juxian County, when we made an investigation on the Yishu Fault in 2003. As an active fault, it should belong to the F 5 fault zone. The carbon date of the un faulted deposit covering the newly found surface rupture shows that no earthquake has occurred along this rupture since 2 140±190 yr BP. Therefore, we infer that this newly found surface rupture is independent of the surface rupture of 1668 Tancheng earthquake, although it is necessary to make a further research to verify this inference.