The objective of this research has been to improve upon the imaging methods currently used by the Photogrammetry Branch of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, for locating coastal boundaries. In keeping with this objective, a near-infrared radiometer/exposure meter has been developed and constructed. This device gives f-number and shutter speed values for a given scene radiance in the near-infrared region, and the aerial camera may then be set at these values for proper exposure. As an addendum to the research, a simple image processing technique, color ratioing, has been applied to demarcation photography with extremely promising results. Using an array processor, false-color infrared images may be processed and analyzed so that water and non-water representations are dramatically different, and easily distinguishable.


The controversy over ESL and bilingual education in the U.S. may be seen as the result of confusion of terms. An examination of accepted definitions of both ESL and bilingual education reveals that both disciplines recognize the need to teach: 1) the students' dominant language as a first language; 2) the content matter through the dominant language; 3) the history and cultural heritage of both linguistic groups; 4) English as a second language. Successful language instruction must be carefully planned and implemented by qualified teachers. Furthermore, if bilingual education is to become a permanent feature of American education, it is essential that teachers, administrators and community leaders unite behind the common cause. As a result of efforts by bilingual education and ESL professionals, the President's Commission on Foreign Language and International Studies publicly recognized the relevance of ESL and bilingual education to its concerns. The need for professional cooperation cannot be overstress...


The effect of rare-earth ion Er3+ On myoglobin(Mb) was studied by using Resonance Raman spectroscopy. The results show that with the variation of Er3+ concentrations, both the oxidation state and spin state of Mb are sensitive to the perturbation of Er3+. Er3+ added to Mb affects the oxidation and spin state synchronously. The structure-sensitive groups of Mb are more accessible to the Er3+ than other groups. According to the fluorometry and CD spectra studied and our results as mentioned above, we considered that Er3+ does not interact with heme directly, and Er3+ probably leads to the conformational changes of Mb due to the change of oxidation and spin state of Heme.


The review on the book: Kirillov A. K. From the Poll Tax to Income Tax: Tax Reforms of Capitalistic Russia and Their Implementation in Western Siberia in the second half of the XIX – early XX century. Novosibirsk, 2017, 178 p.


ABSTRACT To improve the antioxidant activity of grass carp hydrolysate, washing and membrane removal pretreatments and ultrasonic treatment were applied in this study. Various pretreatment methods (washing methods and membrane removal methods) for removing the prooxidants and phospholipid in minced fish were evaluated. The effects of ultrasonic treatment prior to enzyme hydrolysis on the antioxidant activities of minced carp hydrolysate were investigated. The minced carp subjected to washing with 0.4% NaCl solution and subsequent membrane removal with CaCl2 and citric acid solution had the lowest content of prooxidants and phospholipid remaining in the minced fish. The hydrolysate produced from washing/membrane removal pretreated carp with ultrasonic treatment for 20 min had the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power and scavenging activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2ʹ-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals. This suggested that the combination approach of washing/membrane removal pretreatment and ultrasonic treatment could improve the antioxidant activity of carp hydrolysate, and this hydrolysate could be a potential antioxidant ingredient for functional foods.


The molecular structure of (E)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (C15H10BrFO) was successfully synthesized and crystallized in the monoclinic system of P21/c space group. The unit cell dimensions are: a = 27.795 (3) Å, b = 3.9690 (4) Å, c = 11.3703 (11) Å, α = 90°, β = 93.290 (2)°, γ = 90° and Z = 4. The physical properties of this compound were characterized by 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and UV-Vis spectroscopic methods. The molecular structure and crystal packing of the compound was structurally determined via single crystal X-ray diffraction method. Quantum chemical investigations have been employed to investigate the structural and spectral properties where the molecular geometry parameters obtained were further optimized by density functional theory (DFT) using B3LYP/6-311G++(d, p) basis set in the ground state. The optimized structure was used to calculate the geometrical parameters and chemical shifts of the title compound. TD-DFT/B3LYP method has been carried out to obtain electronic properties and HOMO-LUMO energy gap. There was a slight discrepancy between the experimental and theoretical results obtained due to the different environmental state in which the compounds were analyzed.


Competent assessment of the plantation sanitary condition allows you to plan various forest health protection measures. Automation of the tree state category assessment process could be implemented by fuzzy logic. The key role in this process plays such characteristic as the crown density degree. The paper proposes an algorithm for automatic estimating of the crown density degree using local binary patterns. Histograms of crown fragments of various densities are built on the basis of uniform patterns; the KullbackLeibler distance is used as a measure of the difference between the two histograms. Experimental studies conducted on 1636 images of crown fragments confirm the effectiveness of applying local binary patterns to the task of the crown density degree estimation. Keywords—classification, image processinggenius, texture analysis, forest health.


Statins are applied in the patients with hyperlipidemia and in the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases primary and secondary prevention.More and more studies indicate that statins not only reduce blood lipid,have antiinflammatory action,protect the vascular endothelium,but also affect glucose level.Therefore,comprehensive understanding of the role of statins help guide the clinical treatment.


The administrative justice reforms are a big and continuous challenge for Albania, with the aim of having a right, fast and effective administrative judgment in the frameworks of European integration. The long- standing aspiration of Albania to be part of European Union started to be reality with the signing of Stabilization and Association Agreement entered into force in April 2009. In the same time, Albania presented its application for membership of the European Union, initiative that led Albanian Government to the commitment to focus on implementation of the key priorities set out in the European Commission Opinion and to meet all the membership criteria. One of these key priorities is the area of the rule of law and judicial reform.The aim of this study is to describe the institutional steps done from Albanian Government in administrative justice reform: the judicial reform strategy in order to ensure the independence, efficiency and accountability of actual judicial institutions, the approval and enforcement of "The Law on Administrative Courts" etc. The study is focused in the legal arguments of Administrative Court importance as the engagement of the country to improve the judicial system in administrative field, to prevent long processes in not suitable conditions, to guarantee effective protection of human rights and legitimate interests through a regular judicial process conform fast and reasonable time terms. The study gives also a clear picture of how the Administrative Court will be organized conform the "The Law on Administrative Courts" and how can be improved in order to be coherent, effective in implementation and approach of acquis communautaire. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n9p245


This year's academy theme "Bringing the Manager Back in Management" focuses on what managers do on a day-to-day basis. This panel symposium is designed to engage a group of scholars and practitione...


The utility model discloses a water heater capable of being controlled easily. The water heater capable of being controlled easily comprises a shell and a line control box, wherein the shell is provided with a heating device, the line control box is connected with the shell through a line and can control work state of the heating device, and a surface of the line control box is provided with a heating button, a cooling button and a switch button for the water heater. According to the arrangement, the line control box is arranged outside the shell of the water heater in a line connection mode, and the work state of the heating device in the water heater is controlled by the line control box, therefore, when the water heater is installed for usage, the line control box can be installed in a bathroom, while the water heater can be installed in a drier place outside the bathroom. As a result, the water heater has the advantages that a user can adjust water temperature conveniently when taking a shower through the water heater, and the use of the water heater in a wet environment is avoided.


On the basis of 114 cases treated during one year at a Naval Hospital, various aspects of the problem of abortive suicide attempts have been studied. It was found that the majority are histrionic, aggressive demonstrations, but that this behavior may be encountered in a wide variety of psychotic, neurotic, and personality disorders. Examination of the method employed and of the motives cited by the patients, provided the best clues for evaluation of true suicidal intent. A hypothesis is presented concerning the psychodynamics of insincere suicide gestures, suggesting that this aberration is related to suicide, but that aggression in these cases has not been internalized to the same extent.


Although attention has been focused on transforming preservice teachers' beliefs and developing practice with antiracist pedagogy, this study suggests that similar attention should be paid to teacher educators' beliefs and practice. This article combines self-study of teacher education practices and focus group research to examine three elementary-level teacher educators' treatment of antiracist pedagogy. The findings paint a frank portrait of what happens when scholars fail to interrogate whiteness in teacher education. Lessons learned from the authors' struggle may provide illumination for teacher educators grappling with similar challenges.


micro smart munition is a new active guidance,avtive attack intelligence weapon.According to the characteristics of quick response,micro-volume and systemic integration of its attitude control system,the whole structure model and work principle of adaptive munition based on warhead deflection angle introduced.The attitude control model of warhead deflection angle control,attitude processing electrocircuit and simple open-loop driving control electrocircuit of piezoceramic actuator is designed.At last,the designed system is tested and its deflection angle is 0.031°.


Police are appealing for information following a serious road collision in Ripon, which left an elderly woman in hospital. It occurred at around ...


A brief physical description of the Central Depression of Chiapas, Mexico, and a list of the amphibian and reptilian species known to occur there are given. The 85 species are discussed relative to their occurrence within the Depression and to other physiographic regions of northwestern Nuclear Central America. The species are arranged into assemblages or a non-assemblage group for assessing their distributional patterns within Mesoamerica. The herpetofaunal elements found within the Central Depression are not distinct to that region but related to Gulf lowland areas of Mesoamerica and to the subhumid to semihumid Pacific versant of Mexico and northern Central America. The mostly subhumid Central Depression was probably more moist in the recent past (Pleistocene or early Holocene), as a few relict species occur in wetter localities. The Depression has been a dispersal route for dry-adapted species that moved primarily southeastward through Mesoamerica. The orogeny associated with the origin of the Depression (Oligocene through Pliocene) caused the formation of three vicariant highland areas that produced endemic species, some of which dispersed to other highland areas during environmental depression of the Pleistocene. Those species occur in two or all three highland areas today and probably dispersed through the extreme southeastern section of the Central Depression. The northeastern Sierra Madre de Chiapas and Central Plateau have never been con- tinuous for highland species due to barriers formed by the deep entrenchments of the Northern Highlands. However, species that tolerate both highlands and lowlands have been (many still are) distributed continuously within the humid areas of the northwestern Sierra Madre, Northern High- lands, and Central Plateau. Those species used surrounding montane environments to effectively bypass the Central Depression.


Objective To investigate the effect of 1,25-( OH)2-vitamin D3( VD3) or mechanical strain alone and their combined treatment on proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro,as well as gene and protein expression of osteoprotegerin( OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-кB ligand( RANKL) in those cells. Methods MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with 10 nmol/L VD3,intermitted mechanical strain or with a combination of these two factors. Cell proliferation was assessed with flow cytometry,and alkaline phosphatase( ALP) activity was measured using a fluorometric detection kit. The mRNA expression of ALP,runt-related transcriptional factor 2( Runx2),OPG,and RANKL genes was determined by real-time PCR. The proteins expression of Runx2,OPG,and RANKL was determined by Western blotting. Results VD3 inhibited the proliferation MC3T3-E1 cells,but the mechanical strain had no effect on cell proliferation. Mechanical strain,VD3,and the combined treatment enhanced the ALP activity of MC3T3-E1 cells as well as the protein expression of Runx2. The effect of combined treatment was less pronounced than the effect of VD3 or mechanical strain alone. Mechanical strain promoted the gene and protein expression of osteoprotegerin( OPG) and increased the ratio of OPG / RANKL. However,the combination of VD3 and mechanical strain led to a decrease in ratio of OPG / RANKL. Conclusions Mechanical strain might be effective in inducing osteogenic differentiation and increasing bone formation. A joint stimulation with VD3 and strain can decrease proliferation and osteogenic differentiation and increase RANKL expression,which might affect bone remodeling. This study supplies some new data,which might be important in theoretical and clinical research of osteoporosis( OP) and other related bone diseases.


ccording to the current state of research, it seems uncontroversial that the Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) of teachers is a crucial factor for the success of teaching and learning in the context of many school subjects. Yet, the research about PCK in the subject of computer science (CS) is still sparse. Thus, we are working on a conceptualization of PCK for computer science (CS) that is based on literature on the one hand and empirically validated on the other. As a first step towards this goal, we have developed a category system from a set of publications from general pedagogy as well as from educational research in other subjects. Additionally, we have compared this system with the outcomes of a former survey among teachers about the preparation of lessons. Currently, we are coding all curricula for teacher education in Germany with this category system and preparing interviews among experts, applying the Critical Incident Technique.


What, if anything, is wrong with high executive compensation? Is the common "lay reaction" of indignation and moral outrage justified? In this paper, my main goal is to articulate in a more systematic and philosophical manner the egalitarian responses to these questions. In order to do so, I suggest that we take some insights from recent debates on two versions of egalitarianism: a distributive one, according to which no one should be worse off than others because of unfair distributions of goods and resources, especially ones based on matters of luck or arbitrary factors, and a relational one, which maintains that egalitarian justice requires members of a society to relate to one another as equals. Drawing on recent attempts to highlight the tricky nature of managerial authority, I argue that high inequalities in pay are not simply a distributional matter but should also be analyzed through a relational lens. I also attempt to show that relational egalitarians are well-equipped to question the now dominant "incentives" view of CEO compensation. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015


Multilayers composed of nine or ten alternating layers of Ta or W and TaC were studied for the feasibility of their use in containing molten plutonium (Pu) at 1200{degrees}C. Single layers of W and TaC were also investigated. A two-source electron beam evaporation process was developed to deposit these coatings onto the inside surface of hemispherical Ta cups about 38 mm in diameter. Pu testing was done by melting Pu in the coated hemispherical cups and holding them under vacuum at 1200{degrees}C for two hours. Metallographic examination and microprobe analysis of cross sections showed that Pu had penetrated to the Ta substrate in all cases to some extent. Full penetration to the outer surface of the Ta substrate, however, occurred in only a few of the samples. The fact that full penetration occurred in any of the samples suggests that it would have occurred in uncoated Ta under these testing conditions which in turn suggests that the multilayer coatings do afford some protection against Pu attack. The TaC used for these specimens was wet by Pu under these testing conditions, and following testing, Pu was found uniformly distributed throughout the carbide layers which appeared to be rather porous. Pu wasmore » seen in the W and Ta layers only when exposed directly to molten Pu during testing or near defects suggesting that Pu penetrated the multilayers at defects in the coating and traveled parallel to the layers along the carbide layers. These results indicate that the use of alternating metal and ceramic layers for Pu containment should be possible through the use of nonporous ceramic that is not wet by molten Pu and defect-free films.« less


The medically defined concept of "compliance" indicates a unidimensional interest: whether patients use physician prescribed treatments for a disease as diagnosed by a physician. This article presents findings from a pilot research project conducted at a rural mental health clinic in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. The research was aimed at understanding chronically mentally inpatients' knowledge and uses of prescribed psychotropic drugs. Patients' experiences with and meanings assigned to their illnesses and biomedical treatments are presented in the context of their perceptions of control over their treatments and over their social and economic life and within the context of their health-seeking processes and health goals.


The article represents a brief analysis of the contemporary state of the Nalchik River's hydrotechnical utilities. Impact types on protective system and the main destruction and deformation factors are given in the article. Significance of a solid component in the destructive processes in rigid structures during river flood is also defined.


Abstract This article reviews our current understanding of depressive and bipolar disorders in children and adolescents. It highlights issues related to causality, assessment and treatment. Early onset depression arises as a consequence of interrelated predisposing and precipitating factors, which together lead to alterations to biological and psychological functioning and result in depression. Assessment needs to be carefully and thoroughly undertaken by a clinician with experience in child and adolescent psychiatric disorders. Following a brief psychoeducational intervention, further treatment should be initially with psychotherapeutic approaches. Cognitive and interpersonal therapies are supported by the best evidence. Pharmacological treatments may be associated with increases in suicidal ideation and behaviours and should be initiated only by those with specialist training and experience in child and adolescent mental health problems. Early onset bipolar disorder remains a controversial area of practice, with uncertainty over the application of diagnostic criteria, validity of the disorder and its relationship with other disorders such as ADHD. For those adolescents and, rarely, children with true bipolar disorder, the longer-term outcome for early-onset bipolar disorder appears to be similar to that for adults, although younger sufferers are more likely to have a more rapid cycling clinical picture than adults. There is very little research evidence investigating response to medication, although there is some evidence for the efficacy of lithium, valproic acid and carbamazepine in the treatment of early-onset mania. Major advances relate to the pharmacological treatment of depression in this age-group. Data on the adverse events found with SSRIs have been re-analysed and have resulted in warnings about the appearance of suicidal behaviour in the early stages of treatment. This has in turn resulted in regulatory authorities suggesting that extreme care should be taken when treating early onset depression with medication in this age group.


The self-assembly of polyoxometalate nanoclusters into secondary and tertiary superstructures is of great interest to many fields, including sensing, catalysis


As a continuation of our efforts in the synthesis and investigation of novel "super" photoacids, in this article we report on the effect of fluoroalkanesulfonyl groups on the photoacidity of 2-naphthol. These groups, known to be the strongest electron-withdrawing substituents, were expected to increase the photoacidity to a greater extent as compared to previously described cyano- and methanesulfonyl groups. Indeed, we have found that 6-perfluoromethylsulfonyl-2-naphthol (6F3) is more acidic in the ground state and noticeably more acidic in the excited state than is previously synthesized 6-cyano-2-naphthol. The unusually short fluorescence lifetimes of the naphthol and the conjugated anion, which are explained by effective resonance/intramolecular charge transfer, mask the extended photoacidity of 6F3. Photochemical investigations of 6-perfluorohexylsulfonyl-2-naphthol (6F13) in protic solvents are complicated by aggregation.


K e y w o r d s Ovarian cryopreservation, Supercooling, Variable Magnetic field, Mechanical engineering Whole Ovary Cryopreservation Applying Supercooling under Magnetic Field


The development of a tourism or ecotourism village requires careful integrated planning. The village shows its role and function as a source of inspiration for environmental and cultural preservation. However, it is not easy to do. Developing a tourist village is an extraordinary job, multi-sectoral and requires collaboration. Ecotourism planning requires integration of the macro, ecosystem and local levels. Planning at the macro level provides the basis for legal management at the ecosystem and local levels. Ecosystem-level planning establishes an environmental and cultural vision and coordinates regional management of a destination. Planning at the local level develops quality management services, participation and empowerment of local communities. The development of ecotourism services in villages includes efforts (i) developing local empowerment, (ii) developing infrastructure to meet environmental preservation, (iii) developing governance to gain positive experiences and welfare, (iv) integrating tourism promotion through product development and market segmentation , and (v) interpretation and education to offer education on cultural and environmental preservation.


Based on established physiological mechanisms, the paper presents a detailed computer model, which supports the hypothesis that temporal lobe epilepsy may be caused by failure of glutamate reuptake from the extracellular space. The elevated glutamate concentration causes an increased activation of NMDA receptors in pyramidal neurons, which in turn leads to neuronal dynamics that is qualitatively identical to epileptiform activity. We identify by chaos analysis a surprising possibility that muscarinergic receptors can help the system out of a chaotic regime.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to clarify the aims, monitoring methods and challenges of social media monitoring from the perspective of international companies. Trends in the literature are also investigated. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a systematic literature review, 30 key articles from 2008 to 2012 were further analysed. Findings – International companies need real-time monitoring software, expertise and dynamic visualization to facilitate early detection and prognoses supporting strategy making. This is a costly affair, prompting questions about return on investment. A recent trend in the research literature concerns the development of models describing how issues spread in social media with the aim of facilitating prognoses. Research limitations/implications – The online databases used comprised refereed peer-reviewed scientific articles. Books were not included in the search process. Practical implications – Because information spreads fast in social media and affects internation...


ABSTRACT The amidoxime adsorbent was prepared by radiation grafting of acrylonitrile on non-woven polyethylene followed by chemical treatment with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride. The prepared amidoxime adsorbent was used for adsorption of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution. The effect of different conditions such as contact time, pH and initial metal ion concentration on the adsorption capacity was investigated. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations were used to study the kinetic adsorption data. A Langmuir isotherm model was used to investigate the equilibrium experimental data. The monolayer saturation adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for MO, as determined from the Langmuir equation, was 142 mg/g of the adsorbent. Moreover, desorption and reuse of the adsorbent film showed satisfactory results. Large-scale recycling of the adsorbent will reduce the production cost, and thereby make the practical application of the adsorbent economically feasible. Abbreviations: Acrylonitrile - AN, Polyethylene - PE, Methylene Orange - MO


Tin‐based perovskite (Sn‐PS) is one of the most promising candidates in lead‐free perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but its poor stability and low power conversion efficiency (PCE) have been the main bottleneck towards further development. Here, to develop a stable and efficient Sn‐based PSC, nitrogen‐doped graphene oxide (NxGO) has been, for the first time, incorporated in active, hole‐transport and interfacial layers. The inclusion of NxGO slowed the crystallization of Sn‐PS and suppressed the Sn2+/Sn4+ oxidation, resulting in pinhole‐free dense films having large grains, reduction of recombination loss, well‐matched energy levels, and thereby significantly improving the device performance. Compared to the pristine Sn‐PS cells, the champion devices with NxGO‐based composites in active, hole‐transport, and interfacial layers showed dramatic enhancement of photovoltaic parameters (i.e., open‐circuit voltage = 0.961 V, photocurrent = 21.21 mA cm−2, fill factor = 65.05% and PCE = 13.26%). Furthermore, the NxGO‐based cells without encapsulation showed remarkable improvement of long‐term stability with sustaining 91% of the initial PCE over 60 d, photostability, and reproducibility.


Motor system investigations are often performed under isometric conditions, but real‐world motor behaviors are seldom isometric. During tasks where isometric force or torque measurements are not feasible (i.e. during unconstrainedconditions), EMG is often used as a surrogate of the level of muscle activity. However, the linear relationship between EMG and force generation breaks down during non‐isometric contractions. It is not clear how this affects investigators' ability to discriminate motor units using state‐of‐the‐art high‐density surface EMG arrays. Additionally, the paired motor unit analysis technique, which generates an estimate of the intrinsic excitability of a 'test' motor unit by determining discharge rate hysteresis (ΔF), has not been evaluated in unconstrained conditions. Consequently, we asked if 1) visual feedback provided by the subject's own EMG activity allow for subjects to adequately perform triangular ramp contractions in constrained conditions and 2) if the EMG visual feedback is provided in unconstrained conditions, are ΔF values in subjects similar to those in the constrained condition? We hypothesized that during voluntary isometric ramp contractions, ΔF will be similar regardless of the feedback source. We further hypothesized that standing postural adjustments using EMG feedback in unconstrained conditions will produce similar ΔF values to those calculated during the isometric ramps. We expected that although the mean values across conditions will be similar, the inter‐subject coefficient of variation of ΔF will be greater in the less constrained condition. Accordingly, surface EMG using high‐density array electrodes was collected from five subjects under three conditions: 1) seated in a dynamometer in the isometric mode with torque feedback, 2) in the isometric dynamometer with filtered EMG feedback, and 3) during postural adjustments while standing freely with EMG feedback. In agreement with our hypothesis, we found that ΔF values across all three conditions were similar. In the constrained conditions with either torque or EMG feedback ΔF was 3.10 ± 0.70 imp/s and 3.40 ± 0.75 imp/s, respectively; during the unconstrained case with EMG feedback, ΔF was 3.08 ± 0.73 imp/s (all n = 15, mean ± SE). Contrary to our expectations, the coefficient of variation was not greater in the unconstrained standing condition. These results demonstrate that real‐time EMG feedback is sufficiently similar to torque feedback during both isometric and near‐isometric, unconstrained contractions, suggesting that detailed investigations of motor unit activity may be expanded to more functional movements and used relatively easily in more clinical settings.


The invention discloses a sodium alginate-based bone binding agent and a preparation method thereof, relating to a binding agent for repairing damage of hard tissues and providing a sodium alginate-based bone binding agent which is improved on the basis of the existing sodium alginate-based bone binding agent and has the advantages of easiness in preparation, high binding strength, excellent curing property, good biocompatibility and the like and is prepared from sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and chondroitin sulfate and a preparation method of the sodium alginate-based bone binding agent. The sodium alginate-based bone binding agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1-10 percent of sodium alginate, 1-10 percent of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1-5 percent of chondroitin sulfate, 0-5 percent of calcium supplement and the balance of water. The sodium alginate, the sodium carboxymethylcellulose, the chondroitin sulfate and the calcium supplement are added in water, and are uniformly mixed to obtain the sodium alginate-based bone binding agent. The sodium alginate-based bone binding agent is colloidal.


The invention relates to a device for thievery prevention of a mobile phone. The device for the thievery prevention of the mobile phone comprises dummy plates, a fixing belt, magic tape, a hole in the fixing belt, a bolt buckle, earphone wire holes and a twined steel wire, wherein the dummy plates are in crescent moon shape, the earphone wire holes are formed in the upper dummy plate and the lower dummy plate, the twined steel wire is continuously and spirally twined, the twined steel wire is set in a homocentric crescent moon shape, a steel wire ring at one end of the twined steel wire is fixedly connected with the edge of the upper dummy plate, another steel wire ring at the other end of the twined steel wire is fixedly connected with the edge of the lower dummy plate, one end of the fixing belt is fixedly connected with one side of a crescent-moon-shaped pit of the twined steel wire, a hole is formed in the other end of the fixing belt, the bolt buckle is connected on the hole, and two pieces of the magic tape are arranged on the fixing belt.


In the world of education the level of intelligence of students is usually measured by the level of maturity of students' thinking. One of the intelligences that students need is existential intelligence. Existential intelligence is characterized by the ability to think something right. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence and how much influence existential intelligence has on the understanding of fiqh material about corpse prayer in students and to describe whether practice can moderate the influence of existential intelligence on the understanding of fiqh material about corpse prayer in students. This research was designed using a quantitative approach with a correlative type. The free variable (X) is existential intelligence, while the bound variable (Y) is the fiqh material understanding of the corpse prayer and the moderation variable (Z) is the practice. This research used a population type of 18 respondents. Data collection techniques use the questionnaire method, and the documentation method. The data analysis technique is a linear regression test with the help of Statictical Package For Social Science (SPSS) For Windows Version 24.0. The conclusion of the study is that there is an influence of existential intelligence on the understanding of fiqh material about corpse prayer in class VII students of MTs. Nurulhuda. This is evidenced by the sig value of 0.001 being below 0.05. The magnitude of the influence of existential intelligence on the understanding of fiqh material about corpse prayer in class VII students of MTs. Nurulhuda was 73.2%. This corresponds to the value in column R is 0.732. While practice can moderate the influence of existential intelligence on the understanding of fiqh material about corpse prayer in class VII students of MTs. Nurulhuda Pakandangan Barat Sumenep in the 2020/2021 regression, this can be seen from the R2 value in the first regression of 0.536 or 53.6% while after there is a second regression equation the R2 value increases by 0.602 or 60.2%


Aiming at the characteristic of Shanghai fine sands for which a unique critical state line does not exist,the traditional models for sands were modified and a constitutive model for fine sands was developed which can describe both dilatancy feature and strain softening reasonably.The two yielding surfaces can individually reflect shear deformation and compression deformation.The traditional dilatancy equation of Cam-clay model was modified and the relativity between the phase transformation stress ratio and initial effective pressure was considered.In order to describe the characteristic of strain softening,a strain softening equation using the stress ratio at steady state and peak state was formulated,which can preferably reflect strain softening of fine sands.The model was verified by several test results of Shanghai fine sands.The good predictions show the rationality and validity of the proposed model.


The present study entitled "Value Chain Analysis of Major Pulses in Karnataka" was under taken to study conceptual frame work of pulses, costs and margins at different stages of value chain and implication of cost and margins on farmers income. Combination of purposive and random sampling techniques was used for selection of district, markets, market functionaries and farmers required for the study. The data used in this study to fulfill various objectives were collected through personal interview of selected farmers and marketing intermediaries with the help of pre-tested schedules designed for the purpose. The data collected was subjected to various analytical tools apart from simple averages. Multiple regression analysis was carried out for identifying the variables influencing profit margins. Shepherd's formula and Acharya's method were used to decide the marketing efficiency of different marketing channels. Producer's share in consumer's rupee and price spread were also employed. The cost of cultivation of redgram was estimated at Rs. 28,877 per hectare on pooled farms, Rs. 27,260 on small farms and Rs. 29,803 on large farms. Per hectare cost of cultivation of chickpea was worked out to be Rs. 29,239 for small farmers, Rs. 31,553 for large farmers and Rs. 30,674 for pooled farmers. On an average, the cost of cultivation of blackgram was estimated at Rs.27, 671 for pooled farmers. The cost of cultivation increased with the size of holding from Rs. 27,044 for small farmers to Rs. 28,307 for large farmers in blackgram production. The cost of cultivation of greengram was estimated at Rs. 29,325 for pooled farmers, Rs. 28,220 for small farmers and Rs. 29,986 for large farmers. The producers incurred a cost of Rs. 172.80 per quintal of redgram in channel I whereas in channel II, he incurred a marketing cost of Rs. 216.17 per quintal. It was observed that the producer's share in consumer's rupee was little higher in channel I (72.65 per cent as against of 69.53 per cent in channel II). Total cost of Rs. 713.07 and Rs. 804.60 per quintal of redgram was incurred towards marketing in channel I and II respectively. The processor incurred Rs. 201.19 per quintal of redgram towards processing. The net price received by the chickpea farmers was Rs. 2815.39 and Rs. 2885.58 per quintal of chickpea in channel I and channel II respectively. The marketing cost incurred by the producers was Rs. 159.61 per quintal (channel I) and Rs. 205.19 per quintal of chickpea (channel II). The processing cost of chickpea was Rs. 175.77 and the total marketing cost incurred in chickpea marketing was Rs. 675.52 (channel I) and Rs. 773.19 (channel II). The producers share in consumer's rupee was more in channel II (74.23 per cent) than in channel I (72.42 per cent). Because of more marketing cost incurred by farmers and more margins obtained by the middlemen, producers share in consumer's rupee for blackgram was less in channel II (73.29 per cent) than in channel-I (78.48 per cent). The processing cost (Rs. 198.67) was same in both the channels. It was also revealed that the total costs (Rs. 796.50) and margins (Rs. 632.34) were more in channel-II than channel-I, because of which the price spread was more and producers share in consumer's price was less in channel II. Price spread was Rs. 1093.00 and Rs. 880.58 in channel I and II respectively. Total marketing cost per quintal of greengram incurred by the farmer was Rs.174.70 and Rs. 223.57 in channel I and II respectively. Commission agent incurred a cost of Rs. 96.99 in channel I. Further, the processor in channel I and II incurred a total marketing cost of Rs. 109.20. In greengram marketing, processor obtained a profit margin of Rs. 735.96 in channel I and Rs. 689.55 in channel II. The processing cost (Rs. 216.50) was same in both the channels for greengram. The total cost incurred was more in channel II (Rs. 830.49) than in the channel I (Rs. 731.95). Producer's share in consumer's price was more in channel I (68.71 per cent) than in channel II (66.01 per cent). The results of marketing efficiency revealed that the marketing efficiency was relatively higher in marketing channel I (except in case of chickpea) in both the approaches, i.e. Shepherd's method and Acharya's approach. The results also revealed that the marketing channel in which the marketing costs and margins were low had the highest efficiency. Multiple regression model was employed to study determinants of profit margin per quintal of pulses. In redgram, the coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.96) showed that about 96 percent of the variation in profit was explained by the variables included in the model. Operating cost of production, fixed cost of production, marketing cost and gross price received by the producer were found significantly influencing profit margin of the redgram. Education level was found to be non-significant. In chickpea, it was observed that the coefficient of determination (R 2 = 0.88) showed that about 88 percent of the variation in profit was explained by the variables included in the model. For blackgram revealed that the coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.92) showed that about 92 percent of the variation in profit was explained by the variables included in the model.


As one of the most fundamental networks for parallel and distributed computation, cycle is suitable for developing simple algorithms with low communication cost. A graph G is called k-fault-toleran...


the tissue, coagulation of the blood that has escaped, and subsequently coagulation of the blood that is contained within the the injured vessels, and thus arrests the haemorrhage. The coagulating power of the chloride of iron is clearly exalted by the extension of its surface that is in this way effected. The application of the prepared wool is not particularly painful, whilst, by sucking up the superfluous discharge and preventing its decomposition, it seems to operate favorably on the progress of the wound. The unpleasant secondary results that have led


Framed within the Sociocultural theory and following the principles of the action-research approach in the classroom, this work presents final results concerning the connection between the teaching and learning of English through the incorporation of regional culture contents. To do so, a set of contextualized culturally-based classes were carried out in a public elementary school located in a Colombian Caribbean town. The project was developed through three stages named diagnosis, action plan, and evaluation. The results revealed that regional culture provided a contextualized environment to work in the classroom. Students acquired new and better alternatives to learn a foreign language and to recover their culture isolated from the school. It can be stated that the sociocultural approach supports theoretical and methodological principles to acquire a foreign language, enabling the students to progressively reinforce their ability to create and transfer meaningful tasks to other real situations.


 ABSTRACT This paper presents a comparison between two blind source separation methods: the first one based on a microcontroller board such as Arduino Due by the RTW (Real-Time Workshop) integrated into Matlab Simulink and the second one based on a DSP board (TMS320c6713). This study compared the space occupied, the execution speed and the separation index between the two platforms Arduino and DSP. The separation was practically simulated on the Arduino Due and TMS320c6713 board by two signal generators and an


There is described a device and a control of a door of tilting aircraft method (3) movable around a pivot axis (21) substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft via a motorized mechanism having a steps (31) integrated boarding. The method comprises capturing an electromagnetic or ultrasonic radiation with at least one sensor (401.501); detecting a presence on the stairs based on the electromagnetic or ultrasonic radiation captured in order to deduce whether a detection condition is met or not; and steering the motorized mechanism for controlling the closing of the door in response to a closing command except in the case of presence detection on the stairs.


This study compared guided exploration training and instruction- based training as methods of learning to use a word processing system. User learning preferences and attitudes toward computers were also assessed. Seventy five computer-naive people learned basic word processing functions in two training sessions. Post- training performance and knowledge tests were then administered. Guided exploration proved to be more effective than the instruction-based method. There is evidence for the potential benefit of matching training techniques to user learning preferences.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Limonene is a monoterpene compound which in nature occurs in the form of two isomers, R and S. From these two isomers, particular attention is now given to R-(+)-limonene, mainly because it can easily be obtained from cheap and renewable raw materials (waste orange peel) and the numerous and varied uses of this compound in medicine, cosmetics and perfumery. Materials and methods: This review article describes the use of limonene. Particular emphasis was put on describing the uses of this compound in medicine. Literature data show that limonene in many cases has a therapeutic effect. The article also draws attention to the safety of limonene applications, proven in the reported experiments on humans and animals. The study also describes the metabolism of limonene in the human body, as well as studies on the allergenic effects of limonene's oxidation products, both S and R isomers. These studies highlight the importance of limonene peroxides, which have the strongest allergenic properties. In addition, studies on the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antifungal effects of limonene are presented. This article also describes the effect of Ras protein in the body of a healthy person, shows its association with carcinogenesis, and presents studies in which limonene acts as an anti-cancer agent, e.g. by inhibiting the prenylation of this protein. This work provides information on limonene-induced phases I and II of carcinogen metabolism catalysed by cytochrome P450. Studies show that limonene is an active compound both in therapy and in cancer prevention. Various uses of limonene have been studied so far, including the treatment of heartburn and gallstones, and also as a component of a topical gel for rheumatoid arthritis. Results and conclusions: Limonene is a compound that can easily be extracted from waste, which is an obvious advantage in its application. Disadvantages in the use of limonene are the allergenic properties of its oxidation products. This review shows the numerous applications of limonene in medicine and indicates reasons for further research on this compound. One of the most important directions could be research on preventing the oxidation processes of this compound.


In this paper we consider Artin local K-algebras with maximal length in the class of Artin algebras with given embedding dimension and socle type. They have been widely studied by several authors, among others by Iarrobino, Froberg and Laksov. If the local K-algebra is Gorenstein of socle degree 3, then the authors proved that it is canonically graded, i.e. analytically isomorphic to its associated graded ring, see (6). This unexpected result has been extended to compressed level K-algebras of socle degree 3 in (4). In this paper we end the investigation proving that extremal Artin Gorenstein local K-algebras of socle degree s � 4 are canonically graded, but the result does not extend to extremal Artin Gorenstein local rings of socle degree 5 or to compressed level local rings of socle degree 4 and type > 1. As a consequence we present results on Artin compressed local K-algebras having a specified socle type.


Comprehensive master planning is well underway for major improvements to the Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). The implemented master plan is expected to accommodate a significant increase in annual air passengers as well as the associated increase in ground access travel demand. With realization of the master plan improvements at least a decade in the future, it was recognized that measures must be taken in the short-term to address existing vehicular traffic congestion and accommodate increased travel demands into the 21st Century. Barton-Aschman Associates, Inc., was retained by the Los Angeles Department of Airports (LADOA) to help in identifying ground access problems and the formulation of solutions. This paper describes one of several congestion problems studied and the solutions being implemented, including consideration of an on-airport traffic management center that may be installed in the old control tower.


A low-light-level television camera is installed in a pod mounted horizontally below an aircraft. This pod incorporates forward image motion compensation by means of a mirror, mounted at 45 degrees , which rocks +or-21/2 degrees at a rate which is set manually. The rocking mirror in combination with rotation of the pod, both under joystick control, can be used in a search mode. This system has successfully been used to search for fish shoals at night and to obtain image-motion-compensated video records for further processing in stock estimates.


ABSTRACT The Shoo Fly Complex, the remnants of an early to middle Paleozoic subduction system, contains the Culbertson Lake allochthon. Included in the Culbertson Lake allochthon are the post-Cambrian and pre-Upper Devonian Quartz Hill, Toms Creek, and McMurray Lake cherts. Geochemical data derived from these three units plot on the Fe2O3/TiO2 versus Al2O3/(Al2O3 + Fe2O3) and Lan/Cen versus Al2O3/(Al2O3 + Fe2O3) discrimination diagrams within either the continental margin-island arc field, or that part of the pelagic field overlapping the continental margin-island arc field. These relationships a e consistent with the presence of argillaceous turbidites interstratified with radiolarite, and suggest a relatively distal continental-island arc setting where muddy turbidity currents episodically interrupted pelagic deposition. Specimens from the Quartz Hill and Toms Creek cherts with Al2O3/TiO2 values > 20 make up Group I samples, whereas specimens with Al2O3/TiO2 values < 10 are classified as Group II samples. The Al2O3/TiO2 ratios of Group II specimens suggest derivation from mafic rock. Mean Th/Sc and Th/U values, as well as LREE-enriched patterns, are consistent with this interpretation, and indicate a source area dominated by alkalic seamount or ocean island material. The Al2O3/TiO2 ratios of Group I samples indicate a source area with an average andesitic to rhyodacitic composition. Chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns, as well as mean Th/Sc and Th/U value , support such an interpretation. Samples from the McMurray Lake chert have Al2O3/TiO2 values ranging between 19 and 28, and REE patterns characterized by LREE enrichment, negative Eu anomalies, and slightly fractionated HREE patterns. These features, along with mean Th/Sc and Th/U values, indicate a source area dominated by old upper continental crust. The location of the source area(s) supplying material to cherts and argillites of the Culbertson Lake allochthon is unknown. However, existing tectonic models commonly portray the source of old upper continental crustal material in the Shoo Fly Complex as being located somewhere along the western North American continental margin, whereas the source of island-arc debris is portrayed as being located in a fringing arc system. Our data suggest that a relatively high-standing seamount or ocean island probably resided on the subducting oceanic plate. Thus, our work supports the idea that Al, Fe, Ti, Th, Sc, and the REEs in chert and argillite deposited in proximal continental-island arc settings can be used to assess the characteristics of sources supplying particulate matter to ancient t ench systems.


The use of an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict arcing failures in an arc-heated wind tunnel is investigated. A standard multilayer perceptron (MLP) network is trained to predict the cross-heater voltage difference for a large arc-heated facility as a function of time, flow enthalpy, and total chamber pressure during facility startup using data from several facility runs where no failure occurred. The ANN model thus generated is then used to predict the voltage drop across the heater for a series of heater runs outside of the training data. These runs contain both normal (no significant wall arcing) and faulty (wall arcing and consequent heater damage) runs. By comparing the curve predicted by the ANN with measured values, investigators found that in cases where the facility functioned normally, the ANN prediction of the potential across the heater during the starting transient closely matched the measured time-dependent potential. This finding indicates that under normal heater function the startup behavior is a repeatable and predictable function of time, total pressure, and bulk enthalpy. Heater potential was underpredicted in cases where wall arcing failures occurred, indicating that the heater exhibits anomalous behavior during startup when a wall arc has occurred or will occur during the run. In sum, the findings demonstrate that an ANN can be used as an early indicator of wall arcing, allowing the facility to be shut down early, before it reaches full power, thus minimizing heater damage.


Cervical dysplasia and cancer are more common and aggressive in HIV-positive women and Papanicolaou (Pap) testing allows for their earlier identification and treatment. Guidelines recommend annual screening for this population. This cross-sectional study assessed prevalence and correlates of self-reported Pap testing among African-Caribbean HIV-positive women who completed an ACASI-administered questionnaire. Participants were recruited through a community health centre in Toronto, Canada. Pap testing history was assessed by a single question asking when the last test was done. Logistic regression examined correlates of Pap testing in the previous year. The 126 participating women's median age was 40 years (IQR=34-46); 53.2% were East African and 16.7% Caribbean.69.9% and 82.1% of women had received a Pap test in the previous year and three years, respectively; 10.6% had never been tested. Age: 35-49 vs. >50 years (OR=6.7,95%,CI=1.7-25.1), being in Canada for >2 years (OR=4.6,95%,CI=1.6-13.5), having >2 sexual partners (OR=3.4,95%,CI=1.1-10.7) or having seen a family doctor within 6 months (OR=2.6,95%,CI=1.1-6.2) were significantly associated with Pap testing in the past year. In conclusion, 70% of participating women did have Pap screening in the past year. Program development to reach the 30% unscreened women should be sought; especially for the 10% who never received screening.


This paper presents the tuning and implementation of a computationally efficient adaptive predictive control algorithm for robotic utility. The controller addresses the need for practical, computationally efficient, robust real-time adaptive control for multivariable robotic systems. It exploits a special matrix representation to obtain substantial reductions in the computational expense relative to standard methods. We report the design, modeling, and implementation of the controller on a simple pick-and-place manipulator and on an industrial robot loading heavy shells within the magazine of a naval vessel. The proposed controller demonstrates the ability to adapt to varying actuator performance and rapidly changing sea states. Future work involves the implementation and testing of the controller during actual naval operations. We believe this work may serve as a foundation to address control issues for robots working in uncertain dynamic environments and provide a basis for design and control of shipboard robotic devices.


The structure of household energy consumption around the world varies greatly, according to the climate, living standards and lifestyles. It is important to understand the structure of energy consumption and lifestyle circumstances for each country, including developing country, for which energy use is expected to increase, from the past to the present day, in order to investigate the following questions. How much further will the world's household energy use increase? How much energy will be needed to deliver sufficient energy services? Also, where is there room for energy efficiency? We surveyed residential energy consumption and its indicators in 18 countries, both developed and developing countries such as USA, Canada, Australia, England, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Denmark, South Korea, China, Taiwan, India, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam and Japan. We surveyed household energy use and the structural factors that influence it, including housing and household types, lifestyles, and types of equipment use. For the various survey categories and survey years, each country's data is scattered, but we attempted, to the extent possible, to assemble continuous time series data. For developing countries of Asia there are big differences within the countries, so we assemble separate data for rural and urban areas. In the western countries, household energy consumption shows a trend toward saturation, but in the Asian countries it is likely that household energy consumption will continue to rise. In the developing countries of Asia, we do expect future changes in the structure of energy consumption to occur. The process by which such changes happen can be broken down into four parts. These are shown in Figure 8, for the Asian countries we studied here.


The article focuses on creolized text in general and describes the main features of board games rules as inhomogeneous texts belonging to this type. The article supplies the examples of nonverbal elements used in board games rules such as graphic design of the verbal part of the text, different pictures, photos, schemes and video. Creolized texts of board games rules may contain only one nonverbal element or there may be a combination of them. This research considers the functioning of such texts and the possibility for them to be used as a motivational means while teaching children.


In this paper, an analysis of the resistance of multi-track coils in printed circuit board (PCB) implementations, where the conductors have rectangular cross-section, for spiral planar coils is carried out. For this purpose, different analytical losses models for the mentioned conductors have been reviewed. From this review, we conclude that for the range of frequencies, the coil dimensions and the planar configuration typically used in domestic induction heating, the application in which we focus, these analysis are unsatisfactory. Therefore, in this work the resistance of multi-track winding has been calculated by means of finite element analysis (FEA) tool. These simulations provide us some design guidelines that allow us to optimize the design of multi-track coils for domestic induction heating. Furthermore, several prototypes are used to verify the simulated results, both single-turn coils and multi-turn coils.


C) measurements in foraminifera tests are widely used for paleoceanographic interpretations (WEFER et al., 1999; ROHLING; COOKE, 1999). This is attained since during calcification foraminifera registered in their tests the stable isotope signature and environmental conditions of seawater of their local of calcification in a somehow predictable way (ROHLING; COOKE, 1999). Foraminifera test size is an important source of stable isotope variability found in sediment samples. Some of this variability is associated to foraminifera physiological effects (e.g., symbiotic photosynthesis, respiration and calcification) which can vary along ontogeny and affect stable isotope measurements in foraminifera tests (ZEEBE et al., 1999). Regional environmental variables can also affect simultaneously both stable isotope values and foraminifera test size resulting in another source of test size/stable isotope variability (DEUSER et al., 1981). Although it is especially important in planktonic foraminifera (RAVELO; FAIRBANKS, 1995), some studies have found test size/stable isotope variation in benthic foraminifera (CORLISS et al., 2002). This test size/stable isotope variability can result in offsets from predicted values having important implications when choosing test size fractions for paleoceanographic interpretations (OPPO; FAIRBANKS, 1989). Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi is an epibenthic foraminifera species of great importance in stable isotopic paleoceanographic studies (MACKENSEN; LICARI, 2003). Nevertheless its paleoceanographic importance no stable isotope ( δ


The purpose of the article is to reveal the symbolic foundations of Ch. Alkan's second chamber concerto op. 10, which are also the basis for the composer's subsequent opuses. Chamber concerts are not sufficiently covered by foreign researchers and are unknown in our musicology, therefore this study is relevant both as an example of early manifestations of symbolism in Ch. Alkan's work (romanticism), which was a precursor to the French symbolist composers who studied his work (for example, Debussy), and from a performance perspective. The research methodology is based on the use of systemic and structural, analytical, semiotic, hermeneutical, biographical and historical, comparative analyses to identify the symbolic foundations and indexical and iconic signs of Ch. Alkan's second concerto da camera cis-moll op.10. Scientific novelty of the study is that for the first time, the theory about the origin of Ch. Alkan's symbolic style, starting with Concerto da camera No. 2 op. 10, is presented, including the method of letter-note encryption of the composer's musical language, based on the historical and cultural perspective of such examples, which come from the combinatorics of the Middle Ages and the wit of the Baroque, biblical numerology and sacred calculus in the cultures of ancient civilisations. In addition to the Second Chamber Concerto cis-moll op. 10, the composer used this method in his other works, such as the paraphrase "Super Flumina Babylonis" op. 52 or the Grand Sonata "Four Ages" op. 33. The proposed concept of the figurative sphere of the work can be used in the construction of performing interpretations. Conclusions. Ch. Alkan's Second Concerto da Camera op.10 cis-moll is one of the first works in which we find the first manifestations of symbolism in the composer's work. In it, the composer begins to use one of the Baroque principles of endowing its constituent elements with symbolism, showing in a somewhat pathetic style ("Trois Morceaux Dans le Genre Pathétique" will appear in the subsequent opuses) the search for his place in the world and the state of his soul, the polarity and at the same time the unity of the forces that govern the universe. The second concerto da camera outlined a special thematic line in Ch. Alkan's work, dedicated to the work on the individual and the preaching of Salvation in Christ, continued in the "Grand Sonata" op. 33, as well as in "Benedictus" op. 54, in which we observe the Baroque principles of inventing difficulties, playing with numbers, notes and words for the sake of playing. The above works show the complexity of the cipher compared to the second chamber concerto, which is explained by the author's continuous deepening of encyclopaedic knowledge, his awareness of the Apocrypha, ancient manuscripts in Greek, Latin and Syriac, translations of the Bible into French, and works of Greek philosophers. The art of solving musical riddles formed the essential basis of Ch. Alkan's language, which can only be solved by people with the same encyclopaedic knowledge.
Key words: Charles Alkan, concerto da camera, semantics, symbolism, creative method.


The aim of this paper was to present the main as pects of the numerical model ling within the scope of penetration/perforation problems. The most important stages of the computer model development were discussed in detail. They include the study of the hypervelocity impact physics, selection of the numerical solution method, problem discretization in time (time step) and s pace (mesh/grid), constitutive models c onsideration, Initial Boundary Conditions (IBC) and finally choice of the results form for analysis and discussion. The Computer simulations were performed with the Element Free Galerkin Method ( EFG) implemented i n LSDYNA code. An impact of the 12.7x108 mm B32 armour piercing projectile on the selected targets was analyzed. Full 3D models of the projectile and t argets were developed with strai n rate and temperature dependent material constitutive relations. The models of the projectile, ceramic and aluminium alloy targets were validated with utilization of the experimental in field tests and data found in literature. The obtained results conf irm that EFG method can be consi dered for numerical solving of t he penetration/perforation problems. The errors in Depth of Penetration have not exceeded 20% as compared numerical and experimental results. The conclusions presented in this paper can be applied to develop modern impact protection pane ls where t he appropriate balance between the mass and protection level must be accomplished.


The Large Helical Device (LHD) is a fusion plasma test facility that has three sets of superconducting helical coils and three sets of superconducting poloidal coils. This paper introduces a power system to excite these coils. The system consists of large current thyristor rectifiers, quench protection circuits, control system and superconducting DC power feeders. Several components are developed for this power system. A DC circuit breaker using a small power fuse and a vacuum circuit breaker realize a compact and low cost quench protection circuit. A superconducting DC power feeder, that joins the power supply and a coil, moves a large cryogenic joint box to far away from the LHD main structure.


One of the greatest challenges for software developers is forecasting the development effort for a software system for the last decades. The capability to provide a good estimation on software development efforts is necessitated by the project managers. Software effort estimation model divided into two main categories: algorithmic and nonalgorithmic. These models too have difficulty in modeling the inherent complex relationships between the contributing factors, are unable to handle categorical data as well as lack of reasoning capabilities. The limitations of these models led to the exploration of the techniques which are soft computing based. In This paper we have compared neural network and fuzzy logic model for software development effort estimation. It will help us to make accurate software effort estimation by these estimation techniques General Terms Fuzzy logic, neural network, Software effort estimation


This contribution focuses on a calculation approach for the analysis of composite materials. The scattered fields of the inclusions are decomposed into multipole fields. The latter are linked to the incident field via characteristic multipole polarizabilities. As an example, the scattering and interaction behavior of helical inclusions - basic elements of artificial chiral media - is investigated in the frequency domain including the resonance case.


OBJECTIVE:To analyze clinical efficacy and economics of 4 kinds of oral hepatoprotective drugs in the treatment of drug-induced liver injury,and to provide reference for rational drug use in the clinic. METHODS:By retrospective study,211 cases of drug-induced liver disease from 2011 to 2012 in outpatient department of a hospital were divided into 4 groups according to oral hepatoprotective drug categories,i.e. group A(Diammonium glycyrrhizinate capsule 150 mg,p.o.,tid),group B(Silibinin capsules 140 mg,p.o.,tid),group C(Tiopronin enteric-coated tablets 200 mg,p.o.,tid)and group D(Reduced glutathione tablets 400 mg,p.o., tid). The treatment course lasted for 4 weeks. Minimum cost method was used to analyze the economics of 4 kinds of regimens. RESULTS:The total effective rates of 4 groups were 89.06%,91.49%,87.27% and 91.11%,respectively;there was no statistical significance(P0.05). Treatment costs of them were 517.92 yuan,916.92 yuan,606.12 yuan and 1 131.96 yuan. Treatment cost of group A was the lowest while that of group D was the highest;there was no statistical significance between group A and group D(P0.05); there were statistical significance between group A and group B or group D(P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Among 4 kinds of drugs,the treatment costs of Diammonium glycyrrhizinate capsules and Tiopronin enteric-coated tablets are lower than those of Silibinin capsules and Reduced glutathione tablets.


ABSTRACT Heat exchanger piles are foundation piles which can be used to transfer heat with the surrounding ground for heating and/or cooling purpose. The design of heat exchanger pile systems is described in detail and the problematic related to the thermal and mechanical effects is exposed. A numerical simulation model, developed and validated against measurements of existing installations, is presented. A methodology is established for the determination of the numerous parameters which are required for the simulation of such systems. Based on the analysis of a typical system, a set of recommendations and rules for the sizing of a pre-project are deduced. The influence of thermal solicitations on the mechanical behaviour of the piles are discussed. This study deals only with installations built in water saturated ground layers. A technical feasibility study of a heat exchanger pile system is presented. It highlights the difficulty in establishing a set of rules for the design of the thermal installation ...


Recently, there has been much interest in accurate determination of mobile user locations in cellular environments. A general approach to this geolocation problem is to gather measurements from a number of base stations and to estimate user locations using a least squares approach [1]. However, in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) situations, measurements are significantly biased. Hence, very large errors in location estimation may be introduced. In this paper, an approach developed in learning theory, namely, Support Vector Regression (SVR), is applied to the geolocation problem with the addition of KalmanBucy filtering to smooth location estimates in a mobile tracking scenario.


Data deduplication technology applied in solid state disks (SSD), can reduce the amount of write operations and garbage collection, and thus improve writing performance and prolong lifetime. With the significant increase of write performance onto SSD, whether deduplication based on SSD could be a performance bottleneck of SSD comes to a spot worthy of our attention. To this end, this paper, firstly, performs an experiment on achieving deduplication via software method, and reveals that software-based deduplication decreases SSD's read and write performance. And then a hardware-based deduplication with details is proposed and implemented to accelerate deduplication using FPGA, and expected results are achieved. Finally, we come to the conclusion that hardware-based deduplication can not only guarantee read and write performance of SSD, but also save storage capacity and enhance endurance.


Objective: check comparison between the efficacy of single loading dose regimen and standared dose regimen of magnesium sulphate in patients with severe pre eclampsia. Material and Methods: This research study was coordinated at Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar-Pakistan. The period of this study was one year from April 2016 to April 2017. Study design was randomized control trial in which a total of 256 patients in each group, taking proportion of efficacy of loading dose 85% and efficacy of standered dose 92%2, 5% level of significance, 80% power of test and 95% confidence interval. Moreover, all patients with severe pre eclampsia, gestational age > 20 weeks, patients age 20-40 years,with patients having singleton pregnancy while mild to moderate pre eclampsia, gestational age < 20 weeks, multiple pregnancy were excluded. In this study the total patients were divided into two groups, group A: receiving loading dose magnesium sulphate therapy and group B: receiving standard magnesium sulphate therapy. Gestation was confirmed by early available ultrasound in the first trimester or by her last menstrual period date. Good blood pressure control was a key step in both groups. All women in both groups were followed after receiving magnesium sulphate maintenance therapy to detect the occurrence of fits. Results: In this mean age in Group a (loading dose regimen of magnesium sulphate) was 24.1 ± 3.24 while mean age in Group B (standered dose regimen of magnesium sulphate therapy) was 24.96 ± 3.79. More over in this study loading dose regimen of magnesium sulphate was effective in all the 256 patients while standeaed dose regimen of magnesium sulphate therapy was also effective in all the 256 patients. Conclusion: Associated with similar efficacy in controlling convulsions, the use of loading dose magnesium sulphate protocols is a viable alternative to standard dose therapy. Further studies are requied to support its routine clinical use.


Objectives. To audit chemotherapy prescribing in out-patient clinics in order to develop a novel ap proach for the provision of chemotherapy services to peripheral clinics. Method. Two audits of CMF (cyclophospha mide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil) chemother apy were performed to initially determine the feasi bility and cost effectiveness of a centralised chemotherapy service. Subsequently, an audit was performed to develop a system for the rationalisation of chemotherapy prescribing using dose-banding. Results. The results from the first audit showed that of the 97 courses of chemotherapy prescribed in the peripheral out-patient clinic, 13.5% were de ferred. All deferred chemotherapy was reissued amounting to a saving of £681.00 over the 6 months studied. The second audit compiled data from 380 courses of CMF and enabled a dose-banding system to be developed. A system was devised so that an agreed 5% variance from the dose prescribed enabled pre filled chemotherapy syringes to be supplied, with no more than two syringes being used per dose. Conclusion. In conclusion, the prefilled syringe programme has improved patient waiting times, re duced drug wastage, and has enabled rationalisation of chemotherapy services in this health district.


The Sanshoudayu Legend(a.k.a Anju and Zushio tale) was originally an oral tradition in some regions of Japan. The story had been passed down before it...


People who undergo the earthquake are suffered the heavy destroy both in wealth and spirits.Rebuilding is a more important task.To some extent,reconstruction is the nation's mission in support of the people of disaster areas to the material,we pay more attention to inspire people to spiritual motive for disaster,to provide more and more durable power of stubborn.The cultural power of ideological and political education in this process will play its proper role.The national spirit of the people of disaster areas into efforys and rebuild the determination,converted to promote the scientific development,promoting social harmony and power.


worth observing that Bono's / corsari barbareschi (reviewed also in BS0A8, xxix, 1, 1966, 196-7), described by Professor Gabrieli in ' II flagello barbaresco ' (pp. 135—8), suffers not only from that author's inability to use oriental sources, but also from his possibly prejudiced and certainly incomplete picture of the destiny of captives sold on the slave markets of Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli, for which there is abundant material in European sources. Further, in the articles ' Storie de Bey e Dey' (pp. 139^2) and ' L'emiro Abd el-Kader' (pp. 143-6), Professor Gabrieli adumbrates two topics currently under investigation by modern North African historians, namely, retouching the portraits of key figures in the national development, which, he rightly suggests, is a process without end. While Abd el-Kader has already been rescued from the hands of French historians, time may also prove kinder to the beylical dynasty of Tunis.


SUMMARY Color percept is a subjective experience and, in general, it is impossible for other people to tell someone's color percept. The present study demonstrated that the simple image-classification analysis of brain activity obtained by a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique enables to tell which of four colors the subject is looking at. Our results also imply that color information is coded by the responses of hueselective neurons in human brain, not by the combinations of red-green and blue-yellow hue components.


Recently, Korea's economy is facing a difficult economic situation due to sluggish domestic demand, low corporate investment and a cliff in youth employment. In order to overcome this problem and turn the economy into a virtuous circle, the government has introduced and implemented various economic policies. In this study, the effects of the corporate accumulated earnings tax system included in the 2014 tax code revision were to be verified. The validity of the business income was verified and analyzed using the financial data of the entity as to whether the income of the entity was being circulated to household income. First, validating the validity of whether the income tax on non-current income affects the level of an entity's investment, the results showed significant negative effects at a significant level of 5 per cent. Second, the analysis of whether the return tax on corporate income is affecting management decisions that increase the level of dividends for an entity has identified a metaphorical positive relationship. Third, it was confirmed that the income tax on uncurrency income does not have a significant effect on the increase in wages for workers. The result is presumed to be the main reason for the increased uncertainty in the economy and business environment.


Production origin of water eutrophication in China was introduced,and control countermeasures of water eutrophication in China were pointed out.The effect of the perfect agriculture-forestry ecosystem between urban and rural areas on water cycle was studied.


The present thesis is focused on identification of offenders based on tracks with biomechanical content. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is an introduction to the solved problems, there are briefly introduced possibilities of identifying offenders from the perspective of biometric identification and description of dynamic stereotype of human locomotion. The practical part consists of a description of the nature of identifying people by dynamic stereotype of proposals to ensure buildings guarded commercial security industry companies to deploy camera to obtain forensically applicable kinogram, expected developments in this the final summary.


The failure of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules is mainly attributed to temperature factors and accurate estimation of the junction temperature of IGBT modules is crucial to enhance their reliability. However, existing thermal models still have certain limitations in accurately predicting the junction temperature, particularly when considering the degradation of chip solder. In this paper, a realistic model of voids in the chip solder is created using the Monte Carlo Representative Volume Element Generator (MCRVEGen) algorithm. Additionally, an improved Cauer model that considers voids in the chip solder is established and the method for extracting thermal parameters is discussed. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed model is verified through finite element simulation.


The article identifies the optimal path of position electric drive on the example of the pipe cold rolling mill feeding mechanism. It is shown that the optimum speed curve has a triangle form, and its aspect ratio depends on the load diagram, in particular on the influence of roll mill main drive and doesn't depend on the yawn and system elasticity presence. This analytically proved thesis is verified by the results of the mathematical modelling with consideration of the main drive influence on the feeding drive. Statistical analysis of the waveforms taken on the real object allowed to recommend the optimal mill HPT-450 feeding mechanism electric drive control. On the assumption of the obtained data that load-on torque caused by the pipe encounter to the rolling mill rolls, takes place in the interval of (0.6…0.75)tcycle, recommended starting time for the deceleration time ratio is 2:1. Path optimization carried on allows to get up to 25 % more rms torque during the feeding cycle, so increasing the productivity of the mill.


The development of error-correcting codes has been closely coupled with deep-space exploration since the early days of both. Since the discovery of turbo codes in 1993, the research community has invested a great deal of work on modern iteratively decoded codes, and naturally NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has been very much involved. This paper describes the research, design, implementation, and standardization work that has taken place at JPL for both turbo and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Turbo code development proceeded from theoretical analyses of polynomial selection, weight distributions imposed by interleaver designs, decoder error floors, and iterative decoding thresholds. A family of turbo codes was standardized and implemented and is currently in use by several spacecraft. JPL's LDPC codes are built from protographs and circulants, selected by analyses of decoding thresholds and methods to avoid loops in the code graph. LDPC encoders and decoders have been implemented in hardware for planned spacecraft, and standardization is under way.


Phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase,Akt,and the mammalian target of rapamycin( PI3K/Akt/mTOR) signaling pathway is shown to play a key role in the tumorigenesis,proliferation,metastasis,apoptosis,and angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma( HCC) by regulating gene expression. The components and functions of PI3 K /Akt /mTOR signaling pathway are briefly described,and the research advances in the action mechanism of PI3 K /Akt /mTOR signaling pathway in the progression of HCC and related inhibitors are reviewed. It is disclosed that blocking the PI3 K /Akt /mTOR signaling pathway may become a new therapy for HCC.


Lithium (Li) is the third element of the periodic table and was created in the Big Bang together with hydrogen and helium. In water solution it exhibits low vapor pressure and freezing point, and other colligative properties enhancing the range of liquid water availability. With organic compounds, it forms organo-lithium reagents with direct covalent bond allowing for organic complexity. Lithium accreted with the Sun and planets in minor amounts and later it originated by nuclear fission processes due to highenergy cosmic rays. Here, we suggest that detecting Li in the surface of Mars by instruments bound to Curiosity rover may provide crucial evidence for the potential chemical evolution in the red planet in the presence of liquid water.


Linear induction accelerator SILUND-21 is under construction at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna). SILUND-21 will provide an electron beam with energy up to 10 MeV, peak current/spl sim/1 kA and pulse duration 50-70 ns. This report presents description of nanosecond accelerating voltage scheme for the SILUND-21 accelerator. The main feature of our approach consists in the use of powerful, low-voltage generator (V/spl sime/42 kV) and low-resistance load (R/spl sime/0.5 /spl Omega/). A high power in nanosecond pulses (W/spl sim/1 GW) is achieved in nonlinear compression schemes with distributed parameters which compress electromagnetic energy in time.


In recent years, frames have been the focus of active research, both in theory and applications.In the article, the notion of affine pseudoframes for subspaces of L2(R3) is introduced. The concept of a generalized multiresolution analysis (GMRA) is proposed. A new approach for constructing one GMRA of Paley-Wiener subspaces of L2(R3) is presented. The sufficient condition for the existence of a class of multiple pseudoframes with filter banks is obtained by virtue of a generalized multiresolution analysis. We obtain a class of affine frames of L2(R3)from these pseudoframes.


Oncoming pixelated X-ray detectors with semiconductor sensor layers made of CdTe or GaAs can be operated in single photon counting mode. Each charge cloud generated by an interacting photon induces a signal in the electronics which is amplified, shaped and compared to a threshold. This process needs to be very fast for high flux applications, which leads to the necessity of understanding the signal induction process. The adjoint simulation of the shape and timing of the signals can be done with the finite element software COMSOL using the convection and diffusion package. For a given sensor material, the signals depend on the geometry of the electrodes and this offers ways to optimise the size and shape of the electrodes. Even additional steering electrodes can be implemented which will be the main part of this contribution. Fully 3D simulations have been carried out to study the possible effects of steering electrodes on the signal shape.


Though tag bits in the data caches are vulnerable to transient errors, few effort has been made to reduce their vulnerability. In this paper, we propose to exploit prevalent same tag bits to improve error protection capability of the tag bits in the data caches. When data are fetched from the main memory, it is checked if adjacent cache lines have the same tag bits as those of the data fetched. This similarity information is stored in the data caches as extra bits to be used later. When an error is detected in the tag bits, the similarity information is used to recover from the error in the tag bits. The proposed scheme has small area, energy, and performance overheads with error protection coverage of 97.9% on average. In contrast, the previously proposed In-Cache Replication scheme is shown to incur large performance and energy overheads.


Objective To explore CT manifestations of ovarian malignant tumors in immature females. Methods 42 cases of ovarian malignant tumors were reviewed with their pathological reports and CT data. All cases were collected during Oct.1998-Mar. 004 in our hospital. They were children or adolescents and their lesions were confirmed by surgical pathology. Results The cases ranged 3~17 years old with an average of 9.Twenty cases were ovarian malignant teratoma and 1(717/20,85%) were clearly identified by CT. Routine CT scan showed density-miscel- laneous cyst-solid mass in lower abdomen and pelvic cavity with blurred demarcation, irregular shape,fatty calcification and parenchyma-sourced miscellaneous tissues.Enhanced scan of parenchyma part of the masses showed moderate uneven enhancements.There were 3 cases of malignant teratoma that were mistakenly diagnosed by CT as cystadenoma before operation due to vague calcification and fatty tissue.There were 2 cases were diagnosed as cystadenoma,displaying on CT gigantic cyst-solid mass with papilla and nodes in surroundings.Cyst-part was not obviously enhanced and the solid part was obviously enhanced. Of the remaining 20 cases, 7 were ovarian embryoma,3 were ovarian endodermal sinus tumor,8 were ovarian granular cell tumor,1 was ovarian endomtriod cancer.All the above were diagnosed as malignant tumors by CT,displaying gigantic cyst-solid mass in pelvic cavity with irregular cyst wall and necrosis inside the cyst. Conclusion CT is able to clearly identify ovarian malignant teratoma,and is helpful to learn more about other kinds of tumors concerning surrounding invasion,relation with important vessels and growing metastasis in abdomen.


Catalytic N-alkylation of amines by alcohols to produce desired amines is an important catalytic reaction in industry. Various noble-metal-based homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts have been re...


Abstract Renal oncocytoma is a usually benign, typically solitary renal tumor, which cannot be reliably distinguished from other renal neoplasms on the basis of its imaging characteristics. Multifocality and/or bilaterality are very rare; to our knowledge only one case of multiple and/or bilateral oncocytomas is reported in the literature and was treated with partial nephrectomy. We report a case of a 72-year-old patient with multifocal and bilateral renal oncocytomas that were treated with radiofrequency ablation.


Warren's book, Gendercide: The Implications of Sex Selection (Totowa, N.J.: Rowman and Allanheld; 1985), was reviewed by Helen Bequaert Holmes in the January 1987 issue of Bioethics. Here, Warren responds to the review by clarifying some of her moral arguments and continuing to defend the point of view that selecting the sex of children before conception or before birth is not always sexist, socially harmful, or disrespectful of the child as an end in itself.


Noisier auditory stimuli appeared to move slower. Analogous motion illusion in audition and vision. The slow motion prior seems to operate in a modality-independent fashion by encoding the statistical properties of the world, rather than the properties of the stimuli reaching the individual senses. C o n c l u s i o n s 1. Weiss Y, Simoncelli E, Adelson E (2002). Nat. Neurosci., 5, 598–604. 2. Stocker AA, Simoncelli EP (2006). Nat. Neurosci., 9, 578–585. 3. Welchman AE, Lam JM, Bülthoff HH (2008). PNAS, 105(33), 12087-12092. 4. Thompson P. (1992). Vision Res., 22, 377–380 (1982). 5. Stone L, Thompson P. (1992). Vision Res., 32, 1535–1549. R e f e r e n c e s M e t h o d s R e s u l t s


Abstract Applying a mixing-length calculation to potential vorticity rather than to momentum a new type of lateral friction appears in the oceanic mass transport equations. This friction is evaluated for the special case of horizontally homogeneous, quasi-geostrophic turbulence. The main effect is a westward force arising from the so-called β-term. This produces an additional southward interior transport and a strengthening of the western boundary current. A turbulent exchange coefficient KH = 108 em2s−1 is sufficient to give a Gulf Stream transport twice that obtained by the classical Sverdrup model.


almost exclusively on the German naval officer corps, and it is about people and their concerns and not about ships, submarines, battles or campaigns. It makes very good use of the newly available Marinearchiv and Professor Thomas is clearly very familiar with all the established secondary literature on the German navy. The author writes well, and with more than a dash of dry humour. He starts off by creating a benchmark, something to measure Hitler's navy against, and so explores the Kaiser's navy, charting its growth and ultimate collapse into mutiny. He then explains how the German naval tradition survived and reacted during the strange and unfamiliar era of the Weimar Republic. Professor Thomas shows that much that happened from 1939 to 1945 can be explained by the navy's Wilhelmine and Weimar inheritances.


A way to lower the manufacturing cost of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin film solar cells is to use flexible polymer substrates instead of glass substrates. Because such substrates require a low temperature during absorber deposition, the efficiency of the cells remains slightly lower (18.7%) compared to CIGS on glass substrates (20.3%). Partial compensation of this efficiency loss might be accomplished by Sb doping of the absorber, which is reported to have a positive effect on the morphology of this layer. In this work the defect structure of Sb doped CIGS solar cells is investigated using optical and electrical spectroscopic techniques. Experiments were performed on cells deposited on soda lime glass substrate, adding a thin Sb layer (8, 12 nm) onto the Mo back contact prior to the CIGS absorber deposition. The results are compared with those for cells without Sb doping using the same process. Fourier-Transform near infrared photocurrent measurements in the 10–300K range demonstrate that the band gap of Sb-doped samples is larger than for undoped samples. Photoluminescence spectra in the 5–100K region provide information on shallow-level defects. Deep-Level Transient Spectroscopy spectra of Sb-doped cells exhibit two features not encountered for non-doped cells: 1) a peak at lower temperature than the N1 signal and 2) incomplete charge carrier freeze-out down to 8 K. While the first result appears to be the fingerprint of an extra non-Ohmic contact in the solar cell structure, the second suggests the introduction of a very shallow acceptor by Sb doping. As a salient feature one can accurately monitor the partial hole freeze-out in the 40-60 K range and determine the signature of the intrinsic defects that provide the p-type conductivity of the CIGS absorber using Admittance Spectroscopy.


An ever recurring question within the ranks of regular medicine is one which would have for its answer t-he solution of the problem relating t-o irregularism, and the developmrents of recent -times, instead of detracting from the interest in this question seem rather to add weight to it, for it appears that the originators of new schools, isms, and pathies are vieing with the breakfast food discoverers in the endeavor to furnish the world the very "latest and best" brand of health restorer. Within the past twenty years, laws regulating medical practice and requiring certain standards for those who would engage therein, have become general. The various healing sects, therefore, have found it somewhat annoying to carry on their vocatior. without sanction of the authorities, so we see them pleading for separate and distinct legal recognition. TIhe osteopaths have led the way in this, and success has so crowned their efforts that others are emboldened to solicit the protection and sanction of the law. In our own city, a sect calling themselves naturopaths, have established a school and are clamoring for a place on the statutes. We must not be deceived in believing that they will fail in their aspiration to secure a legal foothold in the State. This clan and their adherents are growing stronger every day. Their cause and doctrines are upheld by a powerful local paper. Similar organizations are forming in other parts of 'the country, and, if the past history of sectarian methods is any criterion, we may expect a determined persistent effort on the part of this body for separate legal standing. The fact that every measure of merit which they propose to incorporate in their system is in constant use by the regular school will scarcely have any effect before our lawmakers. There is, of course, no more need for'a separate school along the lines suggested by this band than there is for a separate school of organo-therapy, or sero-therapy, or for schools holding any exclusive ideas of treatment.' It should be plain 'to all men that a physician, in the full sense of the word, looks upon'the therapeutic knowledge of'the world as a unit which should not be divided into fractional and incomplete elements to fit the narrow gauge ideas of every sectarian band. Unfortunately, few regard the subject in this way and our lawmakers in particular seem inclined to assist in spreading the gospel of irregularism. It seems, therefore, that the law, instead of acting, as it should, as a barrier to these various organized bands of healers, is being made a protecting wall. With osteopathy already well entrenched, naturopathy knocking at the doors, and chiropathy on the threshold, we await, with interest, the entrance of other aspirants into the field. No doubt if some thermo-pneumatic individual were to found a school of practice based upon the administration of


An optimum single-user detector (OSD) for use in sequence inverse keyed DS/CDMA systems is assessed. Though the new detector suffers from noise enhancement, when compared to its matched filter counterpart, it significantly reduces the degradation in BER caused by multiple-access interference (MAI). However, by an appropriate choice of spreading codes and their initial phases the effect of noise enhancement can be mitigated such that the OSD achieves a BER performance close to the single-user bound in the presence of strong MAI.


Abstract The decomposition of Calliergonella cuspidata material in litterbags was followed for a period of 2½ years on a north- and a south-facing chalk grassland in South Limburg (The Netherlands). Measurements were made of the dry weight and of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the bryophyte material During the first month almost half of the N and P leached out. Later the total amount of N and P in the material increased again. Loss of dry weight was faster on the north-facing slope than on the south-facing slope. On the north-facing slope the biomass decreased by almost 50% during the observation period. In these experiments decomposition does not appear to depend on season. However, it may be expected that in the field leaching of nutrients from the bryophyte layer will happen mainly in summer and will supply significant amounts of nutrients to the system.