A classical theorem of Boas, Kac, and Krein states that a characteristic function φ with φ(x) = 0 for |x| > T admits a representation of the form φ(x) = ∫u(y)u(y + x) dy, x ∈ R, where the convolution root u ∈ L 2 (R) is complex-valued with u(x) = 0 for |x| ≥ τ/2. The result can be expressed equivalently as a factorization theorem for entire functions of finite exponential type. This paper examines the Boas-Kac representation under additional constraints: If φ is real-valued and even, can the convolution root u be chosen as a real-valued and/or even function? A complete answer in terms of the zeros of the Fourier transform of φ is obtained. Furthermore, the analogous problem for radially symmetric functions defined on R d is solved. Perhaps surprisingly, there are compactly supported, radial positive definite functions that do not admit a convolution root with half-support. However, under the additional assumption of nonnegativity, radially symmetric convolution roots with half-support exist. Further results in this paper include a characterization of extreme points, pointwise and integral bounds (Turan's problem), and a unified solution to a minimization problem for compactly supported positive definite functions. Specifically, if f is a probability density on R d whose characteristic function φ vanishes outside the unit ball, then ∫|x| 2 f(x) dx = -Δφ(0) ≥ 4j 2 (d-2)/2 where j v denotes the first positive zero of the Bessel function J v , and the estimate is sharp. Applications to spatial moving average processes, geostatistical simulation, crystallography, optics, and phase retrieval are noted. In particular, a real-valued half-support convolution root of the spherical correlation function in R 2 does not exist.


In view of the ability engineering capacity of electronic information engineering students,combined with the characteristic of strong usability and high demand theory and the concept difficult to understand for the course of Digital Signal Processing,this paper studied from the course content which selected aspects,the teaching method which was optimized,and used the advocate visualization in teaching to improve the teaching effect.At the same time,students were urged to carry on the investigative study and innovative practice in the course study.The field research effect indicated that using these methods may achieve the good teaching effect.


Ileal endogenous amino acid (IEAA) flow in turkey poults was determined at 2 experimental locations on d 5, 15, and 21 posthatch using 3 methods, namely a N-free diet (NFD), a highly digestible protein (casein), and the regression method, obtained by regressing IEAA flow against dietary casein levels. The diets were semipurified and contained 0, 50, 100, or 150 g of casein/kg of diet as the sole source of dietary protein. Each diet was fed for 5 d to 6 replicate cages of 30 (d 5), 10 (d 15), or 8 (d 21) birds per cage. There was no interaction between locations and age or locations and diet, so the data from both locations were pooled. Ileal endogenous amino acid flow on d 5 (NFD method) was higher ( P < 0.05) than on d 15 or 21. Ileal endogenous amino acid flow estimated from the NFD and the regression methods was different


Reproduction is the most im- portant factor in population dynamics and invad- ing freshwater habitats by Viviparus viviparus. This is largely associated with ovoviviparity of these snails. Some traits like steered reproduction, the appearance of young snails during the whole year, protection of embryos by female and delayed reproduction were fixed by natural selection as ad- aptations increasing the chance for progeny sur- vival. In variable habitats like oxbow lakes season- ally joined to the river channel, Viviparidae start reproducing in the early stage of their life hence increasing a chance for population to survive. Studies on fecundity, embryonic development of V. viviparus and the relationships between these parameters and females' body size and weight, were carried out in oxbow lakes periodically con- nected to the river (the Bug River, Central Po- land). The Bug River is one of a few European riv- ers which preserved their nearly natural character. No larger hydrotechnical works have been made in its valley, therefore, the river flows in a natural, meandering channel and forms numerous oxbow lakes. The surrounding of studied oxbow lakes is flat and of lowland character with mixed land use structure (arable lands, grasslands, settlements). Oxbow lakes are fed by the runoff from flood ter- race, hence their waters are more fertile than those of the river. Two lakes were selected: Lake Szumin, area 17 ha, Lake Wywloka - area 23 ha. Maxi- mum depth of both lakes is ca 3 m. Samples of V. viviparus were collected in the years 2003-2007 with a bottom drag during the successive seasons from five sites in each oxbow lake. The embryos were found in females of the II (8.1-12.0 mm of width and height), III (12.1-20.0 mm width and 12.1-25.0 mm height) and IV (over 25.0 mm height and over 20.0 mm width) size classes. Three developmental stages were distinguished in embryonic growth: the oval transparent egg cap- sules (called the youngest embryos), egg capsules with visible contour of a shell (called medium em- bryos) and snails with a shell (the oldest embry- os). The youngest growth stages of embryos (in a form of oval transparent egg capsules) dominat- ed in all size classes of females. Medium growth stages (egg capsules with visible outlines of the shell) and the oldest ones (with shell) were repre- sented in smaller proportion. The highest number of the youngest embryos per female were found in females of the II size class. The proportions of the embryo growth stages varied seasonally. The number of embryos per female and the degree of their development increased with the increase of shell (height, width, dry weight) and body (dry weight) parameters. High fecundity of the young- est females of V. viviparus is probably an adapta- tion to unstable habitat conditions of oxbow lakes.


Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is closely associated with both acquired and genetic risk factors. Sedentary lifestyle is an example of an acquired factor that is an independent predictor of poor quality of life, and should be considered as a modifiable risk factor in the rural population. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in developing countries is rising due to the dietary change, increasing prevalence of obesity, and a decrease in physical activity. Aim: To find out the effectiveness of therapeutic exercises on older diabetic individuals from rural population. Objectives: 1. To find out the physical performance in diabetic older individuals. 2. To give the importance therapeutic exercises in diabetic older individuals. Procedure: This is interventional study. This study includes 100 participants. A physiotherapist was given one session on therapeutic exercise and its importance. The study duration was 3 months. Data analysis: Data analysis was conducted using t-test and ANOVA (P<0.05). Results: The mean age of men was 71.5 and women 67.3 years. This study shows that physical performance in men and female were lower in before intervention and it was significantly increased after intervention of 12 weeks. Conclusion: Therapeutic Exercise is considered a critical cornerstone of treatment for people with DM due to its beneficial effects on physical performance, glycemic control, physical fitness, cardiovascular health and improvement in quality of life in older individuals.


Abstract: This study aims to determine the students' metacognitive knowledge chemistry students who study with Problem Solving-Think Pair Share Learning Models in the experimental class and problem solving learning models in the control class. The study uses a posttest control group design and sample selection uses convenience sampling techniques. Research data in the form of metacognitive knowledge test values measured from test questions in the form of essays each containing three types of metacognitive knowledge. The results has showed that there was a influence of learning models on students' metacognitive knowledge, this effect was seen from the existence of significant differences between students studying in the experimental class.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan metakognitif siswa kimia materi sifat koligatif larutan pada siswa yang belajar dengan model pembelajaran Problem Solving-Think Pair Share di kelas eksperimen dan model pembelajaran Problem Solving di kelas kontrol. Penelitian menggunakan desain Postest Control Group Design dan pemilihan sampel menggunakan teknik Convenience Sampling. Data penelitian berupa nilai tes pengetahuan metakognitif yang diukur dari soal tes berbentuk esai masing-masing berisi tiga jenis pengetahuan metakognitif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa yang belajar dengan model pembelajaran Problem Solving-Think Pair Share memiliki pengetahuan metakognitif yang lebih baik dibandingkan yang belajar dengan model Problem Solving.


Lichi Layer is widely distributed in Taitung Coastal Range area.It's difficult to let plant grow at vegetation exposed area in Lichi layer area,and it is easy to suffer the torrential rainfall influence and have many landslide phenomena.This study aimed at landslide hazard occurred data collection and investigation in Lichi Layer area.Satellite images were executed to distinguishing and explanation on landslide.At the same time,the electrical detection method was used to study the correlation analysis on Shanzongliao and Baohua the sliding phenomenon.According to comprehensive research,the satellite pictures executed to distinguishing and explanation on landslide that found out in 2004,2006 and 2009,landslide area was 102 hectares in 2004,139 hectares in 2006 and 56.5 hectares in 2009.Shown in recent years,the trend of recovery of landslide exposed area was covered by vegetation.Due to the electrical detection result in Shanzongliao and Baohua,we could know the overall resistance is less than 100 mΩ.The resistance distribution can be divided the colluvium and mudstone in Lichi layer.Resistance of colluviums fold is high and mudstone resistance is less than 35 and 20 mΩ.The overall resistance decreased with increasing depth.


Companies in the process industry manage numerous projects, which differ in size, capital expenditure and environmental aspects. Although environmental impact assessments (EIAs) are required for all these projects, the EIAs consequently range in comprehensiveness from screening to full EIAs. Due to market demands the projects are typically on extremely tight schedules. Project managers therefore need to ensure the proper alignment of project lifecycles with various other processes, of which the EIA process is one. The South African EIA legislation fails to take project life cycles or gate reviews into considerations. A literature review was conducted in order to compare the South African EIA process with various international approaches, as well as to determine the various project lifecycles that are applicable to the process industry. Based on the literature review findings a questionnaire was compiled and distributed to various stakeholders that participate in EIAs, i.e. EIA consultants and environmental specialists. The survey established the specific model that is usually followed when conducting an EIA in South Africa, and focused on the specific stages of an EIA in relation to the project execution lifecycle phases. The survey ascertained problems that currently exist with the EIA procedure in the process industry, which relate to the poor alignment of the EIA process with the project lifecycle. These problems negatively affect the efficiency of project management practices in South Africa (and elsewhere). Possible solutions to these identified problems are discussed and a stage-gate model is subsequently proposed, whereby the proper alignment of the EIA process followed in South Africa and the project lifecycle is ensured.


Twelve local maize populations were evaluated at the experimental farm, University of Prishtina, Kosovo. The study was conducted to assess the magnitude of genetic variation in local maize populations for different morphological-physiological and chemical composition under field and laboratory conditions. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used for laying out the experiment. The results showed that there were significant differences for most morphological and physiological traits under study. The mean grain yield of all populations was 102.96 g plant-1. The protein and oil contents ranged between 11.53 to 9.43% and 4.23 to 4.87% respectively. The cellulose content varied from 6.03 to 6.37%. There were also big differences regarding phenotypic correlations. The present study revealed considerable amount of diversity among the local maize populations which could be manipulated for further improvement in maize breeding.


The essay was made based on the course "Public Policies and International Security" taught at the Florida International University in Miami, focused on how automation will positively or negatively affect employability in different social sectors, which jobs will tend to disappear and which areas will be influenced more actively. It concludes on how adaptation, knowledge and investment in science, will be the key to evolve along with this digital and robotic transformation.


The earth's crust (which in the present paper refers only to the continental portions
and the epicontinental sea floors) may, according to the different degrees of mobility and
evolutionary characteristics of the respective areas, be divided into two kinds of tectonic
units-the mobile belts and the stable belts. These mobile and stable belts since the
Sinian, generally known as geosynclines and platforms, are basically of two different
types; the former being subdivided into orthogeosynclines and parageosynclines and the
latter into orthoplatforms and paraplatforms. The geosynclines and the plat-
forms, in accordance with the lengths of the duration of development, may be divid?d
into geosynclines and platforms of ultra-long duration of growth, those of long duration
of growth and those of short duration of growth. The geosynclines and platforms exist
simultaneously side by side and are mutually transformed the one into the other. The
geosynclines may through consolidation be transformed into platforms while the platforms
may through regeneration be transformed into geosynclines. Sometimes the platforms
take up much greater areas than the geosynclines while at other times the geosynclines
take up much greater areas than the platforms, and the alternate appearance of these
phenomena are manifested as a continual and vari-staged character, constituting
wave-like evolution of the earth's crust, i.e., the polycyclic tectonic movements of the
earth's crust. It must be emphatically pointed out that this alternation of stability and
mobility is by no means a mechanical repetition but rather each following stage differs
from the one it succeeds and each stage is of a more complicated character than the one
before it. Working on the basis of the characteristics of the tectonic movements, the
magmatic activities, the metamorphism and metallogeneses as well as data on the absolute
ages, it is now known to geologists that there have in the past been four such great
alternations or, in other words, four megacycles. The latest megacycle since the Sinian
is known as the Neogaic megacycle, and the other megacycles, in order from the never
to the older, are the Eo-Algonkian megacycle, the Neo-Archean megacycle and the Eo-
Archean megacycle. Each megacycle starts with the stable belts" taking a dominating
position (megaplatforms) and, going through a stage during which the mobile belts take
a dominant position (megageosynclines), ends with the stable belts again taking a dominant
position (megaplatforms).
 The developments of the different parts of the earth's crust are not balanced and
the manner of the mutual transformation of the mobile belts and the stable belts are
varied, some with the paroxysmic mutations taking the main role while others with the
 non-paroxysmic mutations taking the main role, while still others are observed merely as
transitional transformations.
 The tectonic movements of the earth's crust are polycyclic. Each megacycle is made
up of a number of cycles and each cycle is again made up of a number of subcycles. The
polycycles are also interpreted in the broader or narrower meaning of the word. In the
former case is meant in space the entire earth's crust and in regard to time it refers to all
the megacycles, cycles and subcycles. In the latter case, a geosynclinal system is meant
in space, while in regard to time it refers to the polycyclic development in one single
megacycle, particularly the Neogaic megacycle. There are also the principal cycles and
the secondary cycles, the latter being again subdivided into preceding cycles and succee-
ding cycles. The principal cycles are the most important cycles but the secondary cycles
also should not be slighted. Generally speaking, the preceding cycle of an orthogeosyn-
cline is more pronounced and of greater significance than the succeeding cycle, while the
succeeding cycle of a parageosyncline is more pronounced and of greater significance than
the preceding cycle. There are in each megacycle not only a hereditary character but
also a new-born character in its activities. Though there are certain similarities between
a succeeding megaplatform or megageosyncline and a preceding megaplatform or mega-
geosyncline, what is more important is that there are also a number of dissimilarities
Since each succeeding megacycle evolves on the foundation of the megacycle before, it is
consequently possessive of still more varied manifestations and still more complicated.
contents.
 The deep fractures and the thicknesses of the earth's crust play a vital controlling
role in regard to the evolution of the earth's crust. The deep fractures, according to their
respective depths, may be divided into crustal fractures and ultra-crustal fractures. The
former are again divided into sialspheric and simaspheric fractures while the latter are
again divided into hypogenic and ultra-hypogenic fractures. The marginal geosynclines-
in an orthogeosyncline are mainly the result of the activities of ultra-hypogenic fractures.
The intercontinental geosynclines are mainly the result of the activities of hypogenic
fractures. The parageosynclines are the result of the activities of hypogenic fractures or
crustal fractures. As regards the platforms, particularly the paraplatforms, it is often the
case that the activities of crustal fractures, particularly the activities of sialspheric frac-
tures, are more important. The geosynclines, being in the process of evolution, its thick-
ness and the thiclness of the platforms are not uniform. As a rule, the earth's crust at
the platforms is comparatively thicker, that at the geosynclines is comparatively thinner,
and the earth's crust at the orthogeosynclines is even thinner than that at the parageosyn-
clines. The tectonic movements of the different parts of the earth's crust are the result
of the fact that the different parts of the earth's crust, with diverse thicknesses and
various natures respectively, cause the occurrence sometimes of transpositions of great
magnitude and sometimes of uplifts and depressions of equal1y great magnitudes along
the deep-faulting belts.


This paper presents studies of the H+ minority ions driven by Ion Cyclotron Radio Frequency (ICRF) heating in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [R. J. Hawryluk et al., Phys. Plasmas 5, 1577 (1998)] deuterium plasmas using primarily passive H° flux detection in the energy range of 0.2–1.0 MeV. The measured passive H+ energy spectra are compared with active (Li pellet charge exchange) results. It is shown that in the passive mode the main donors for the neutralization of H+ ions in this energy range are C5+ ions. The measured effective H+ tail temperatures range from 0.15 MeV at an ICRF power of 2 MW to 0.35 MeV at 6 MW. Radial redistribution of ICRF-driven H+ ions was detected when giant sawtooth crashes occurred during the ICRF heating. The redistribution affected ions with energy below 0.7–0.8 MeV. The sawtooth crashes displaces H+ ions outward along the plasma major radius into the stochastic ripple diffusion domain where those ions are lost in ∼10 msec. These observations are consistent with the m...


Explainable Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been developed and applied to drug-protein binding prediction to identify the key chemical structures in a drug that have active interactions with the target proteins. However, the key structures identified by the current explainable GNN models are typically chemically invalid. Furthermore, a threshold needs to be manually selected to pinpoint the key structures from the rest. To overcome the limitations of the current explainable GNN models, we propose our SLGNN, which stands for using Sparse Learning to Graph Neural Networks. Our SLGNN relies on using a chemical-substructure-based graph (where nodes are chemical substructures) to represent a drug molecule. Furthermore, SLGNN incorporates generalized fussed lasso with message-passing algorithms to identify connected subgraphs that are critical for the drug-protein binding prediction. Due to the use of the chemical-substructure-based graph, it is guaranteed that any subgraphs in a drug identified by our SLGNN are chemically valid structures. These structures can be further interpreted as the key chemical structures for the drug to bind to the target protein. We demonstrate the explanatory power of our SLGNN by first showing all the key structures identified by our SLGNN are chemically valid. In addition, we illustrate that the key structures identified by our SLGNN have more predictive power than the key structures identified by the competing methods. At last, we use known drug-protein binding data to show the key structures identified by our SLGNN contain most of the binding sites. CCS CONCEPTS • Computing methodologies → Neural networks; Supervised learning by classification; Neural networks. ACM Reference Format Yang Wang, Zanyu Shi, Timothy Richardson, Kun Huang, Pathum Weerawarna, and Yijie Wang. 2023. Building explainable graph neural network by sparse learning for the drug-protein binding prediction. In Proceedings of Make sure to enter the correct conference title from your rights confirmation email (CNB MAC 2023). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 10 pages. https://doi.org/XXXXXXX.XXXXXXX


The basic stages of a science about substance are considered. The critical analysis of a condition of research is a missing link in a logic chain of construction of the prognostic theory of substance.


Page 8. Figure 1. The graph is difficult to read even enlarged and in color. Perhaps there needs to be a larger contrast in the gradient of deaths in the key and in the body of the graphic. I find the very subtle difference in blue to indicate the lower range of mortality difficult to see. RESPONSE: This figure's color scale was updated to use a logarithmic scale, resulting in a stronger contrast for low values. The figure was also enlarged in order to make it easier to read.


Factors affecting rheological behavior, processability and mechanical properties of wood-fiber plastics were discussed, moreover the microstructure, macroscopical properties of extruded samples and extrusion processing were analyzed, so as to make a good basis for the industrialization of the composites.


A single nitrogen-rich heterocyclic ring with many energetic groups is expected to exhibit excellent detonation performance. We report an effective approach for the synthesis of 3-amino-5-nitramino-1,2,4-oxadiazole, which has nitramino and amino groups in the same building block. The single-crystal X-ray structure shows layered hydrogen-bonding pairs as well as the presence of a water molecule which ensure insensitivity. Through incorporation of a cation, the hydrazinium or hydroxylammonium salts exhibit good energetic performance and acceptable sensitivities.


In this work we perform a comparison between Classical Molecular Static (CMS) and quantum Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations in order to obtain the diffusion coefficients for diluted \emph{Fe-Cr} alloys. We show that, in accordance with Bohr's correspondence principle, as the size of the atomic cell (total number of atoms) is increased, quantum results with DFT approach to the classical ones obtained with CMS. Quantum coherence effects play a crucial role in the difference arising between CMS and DFT calculations. Also, thermal contact with the environment destroys quantum coherent effects making the classical behavior to emerge. Indeed, CMS calculations are in good agreement with available experimental data. We claim that, the atomic diffusion process in metals is a classical phenomena. Then, if reliable semi empirical potentials are available, a classical treatment of the atomic transport in metals is much convenient than DFT.


Background: In December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 caused a global pandemic with a viral infection called COVID19. The disease usually causes respiratory symptoms but in a small proportion of patients can lead to pneumonitis, Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome and death. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV) is considered a life-saving treatment for COVID19 patients and a huge demand for IMV devices was reported globally. This review aims to provide insight into the initial IMV practices for COVID19 patients in the initial phase of the pandemic. Methods: Electronic databases (Embase and MEDLINE) were searched for applicable articles using relevant keywords. The references of included articles were hand searched. Articles that reported the use of IMV in adult COVID19 patients were included in the review. The NIH quality assessment tool for cohort and cross-sectional studies was used to appraise studies. Results: 106 abstracts were identified from the databases search, of which 16 were included. 5 studies were included in the meta-analysis. In total, 9988 patients were included across all studies. The overall cases of COVID-19 requiring IMV ranged from 2-77%. Increased age and pre-existing comorbidities increased the likelihood of IMV requirement. The reported mortality rate in patients receiving IMV ranged between 50-100%. On average, IMV was required and initiated between 10-17 days from symptoms onset. When ventilated, COVID19 patients required IMV for a median of 10-17 days across studies. Little information was provided on ventilatory protocols or management strategies. Conclusion: In these initial reporting studies for the first month of the pandemic, patients receiving IMV were older and had more pre-existing co-morbidities than those who did not require IMV. The mortality rate was high in COVID19 patients who received IMV. Studies are needed to evaluate protocols and modalities of IMV to improve outcomes and identify the populations most likely to benefit from IMV.


Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) is one of geothermal system where abnormally hot masses of low permeability rocks are found at depth. Most of EGS are related to thick and deep sedimentary basin with plutons. EGS focused on drilling at hot crystalline rock and create fractured reservoirs. Indonesia has a complex tectonic setting. There were more than 86 basins in Indonesia. Most of sedimentary basins in Indonesia were tectonically stressed. Moreover, the tectonic setting which is generally a part of the Active Continental Margin also allows the formation of plutons that can be act as hot dry rock. Several hot springs or other geothermal manifestation were found in several areas within the basin and its surrounding area. This study compares structural controls and models in different tectonic setting of main basin in Western Indonesia to get the most suitable potential reservoir for EGS. The characteristic of the South Sumatra Basin, North Sumatra Basin, East Java Basin and Tarakan Basin were evaluated and compared based on its geology and geophysics characteristic. As the result, South Sumatra Basin is the first rank for EGS suitability in Western Indonesia.


This manuscript presents an interesting approach for using 13CO2 data as extra constraints for top-down flux inversions based on in-situ surface CO2 data. This approach has taken into account spatial variation of isotropic discrimination and disequilibrium by using a terrestrial biosphere model and an ocean model to simulate the discrimination rates. The manuscript is well written, and their results are interesting. It should be published after minor revision. Answer: Thank you for your positive comments and the penetrating comments below which indicate that you have understood our methodology and analyzed our results carefully. Your expert views are much appreciated. C1


Quasicrystalline Al65Ga5Pd17Mn13 icosahedral phase have been synthesized as shown in the previous papers [1]. It was shown that the formation of pure icosahedral phase is possible up to 5 at % of Ga substitution in Al70-xGaxPd17Mn13 alloy composition. In the present investigation, the effect of Ga substitution on the formation and stabilization of icosahedral phase in Al70-xGaxPd17Mn13 and Al70-xGaxPd20Mn10 alloys have been investigated by employing X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and differential thermal analysis. The as-cast and rapidly quenched alloys with x = 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15 and 20 has been investigated. In both the cases, the alloys up to 5 at % Ga exhibit the formation of icosahedral phases and with higher concentration of Ga i-phase along with B2 type and ξ' crystalline (orthorhombic structure with unit cell a = 23.5Å, b= 16.6Å and c = 12.4 Å) and Al3Pd2 type hexagonal phase. The Energy dispersive X-ray analysis investigations suggest the presence of Ga in the elemental form on the quasicrystalline surface in Al55Ga15Pd17Mn13 alloy. The quasicrystalline Al-Ga-Pd–Mn provides a new opportunity to investigate the various characteristics including surface characteristics. Attempts will be made to discuss the micromechanisms for the formation of quasicrystalline phase in Al-Ga-Pd-Mn alloys. [1] T.P. Yadav, M.A. Shaz, R.S. Tiwari and O.N. Srivastava Phil. Mag. 88, (2008) 1995


Markov decision processes are solved recursively, using the Bellman optimality principle, (A) V (s, t) := max a∈A(s) { r(s, a) + α ∑ j∈S ps,j(a) V (j, t + 1) } where V (s, t) is the optimal value of state s at stage t, r(s, a) is the instantaneous profit from action a at state s, S is the state space, A(s) the set of feasible actions at state s and pi,j(a) the transition probabilities from i to j. This solution maximizes the expected value of the discounted sum of future profits (the right side of (A)), and assumes risk neutrality, i.e. the decision maker is indifferent between a random variable and its expected value. We propose an alternative solution, with explicit modeling of risk, using the recursion (B) V (s, t) := max a∈A(s) { r(s, a) + αSβ(V (Z(s, a), t + 1)) } where Z(s, a) is the next state, Sβ is the quadratic certainty equivalent Sβ(X) := EX− β 2 VarX and β is a parameter modeling the attitude of the decision maker towards risk: β > 0 if risk-averse, β < 0 if risk seeking and β = 0 if risk-neutral (in which case (B) reduces to (A)). We apply our model to solve two problems of maintenance and inventory and compare with the classical solution.


Trees whose branches slope towards or away from the bole differ in the spatial pattern of water delivery to the soil surface beneath their canopies. This study examines the implications of these differences for soil water recharge below 1 m depth in a managed forest on the Oak Ridges Moraine in southern Ontario. Throughfall and vertical profiles of soil water content at varying distances from the boles of a sugar maple and two red pines of differing ages (36 and 57 years old) were measured during rainfall inputs in the summer of 2009 and in the spring/early summer of 2010. Stemflow fluxes were estimated using measurements on nearby trees with similar morphologies. A water balance approach was used to estimate recharge at each distance from the bole, as well as for the entire sampled area beneath each tree's canopy. Throughfall was more than 1.3 times above‐canopy rainfall within 0.5 m of the bole of the sugar maple, and stemflow volumes were at least an order‐of‐magnitude greater than those for the pines in both 2009 and 2010. These focused inputs resulted in greater near‐bole soil water contents and soil water recharge in excess of above‐canopy rainfall within 0.3 m of the sugar maple bole. In contrast, both young and old pines showed no significant trends in throughfall with distance from the bole, and minor stemflow volumes made insignificant contributions to recharge near the pine boles. Recharge was significantly greater than 0 beneath the canopy of all three trees in both years and was generally similar between trees. The exception was recharge beneath the sugar maple in 2010, which exceeded that of the young red pine as a result of the former's large stemflow fluxes. Results suggest the transition from red pine plantations to mixed hardwood‐conifer stands will not alter total soil water recharge during spring and summer rainfall inputs; nevertheless, it will generate marked changes in the spatial pattern of sub‐canopy recharge in this forest landscape on the Oak Ridges Moraine. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Th e present paper is a micro-level study aimed at analyzing the impacts of riverbank erosion on riparian society. To fulfi ll the objective, the study has been carried out from two distinctive perspectives; viz. general outlooks and specifi c inquiry. For the general outlook, the Ganga-Padma river in its lower reach downstream of Farakka Barrage in Samserganj Community Development Block has been explored in terms of channel shift ing using multi-dated satellite images. For specifi c inquiry, the eff ects of riverbank erosion on society have been studied using primary data in two selected active bank-erosion-prone cadastral units. Th e results show that recurrent bank erosion has brought a drastic change in the social fabric and caused huge losses rendering riparian inhabitants quite vulnerable, since most of the people in the study units are dependent on land-based economy and belong to poor economic groups. Th ese situations necessitate signifi cant outside assistance. However, there is a signifi cant diff erence (χ2 = 10.85 at p<0.01) in terms of assistance received during the previous year between the two selected study units.


The mathematical model of induction motor is established with space vector method and the Matlab Simulink library is used to build the entire simulation system.Induction motor modules,inverter module and the control module are described.The torque and stator flux are calculated in the stator coordinate system.According to the torque value and the value of the stator flux,the control switch is issued.Compared with the vector control,direct torque control can eliminate the complex coordinate transformation,and overcome the dependence on the rotor parameters,showing fast torque response.Results of simulation show that the direct torque control of induction motor has good control effect.


It is an irony that an area like the Northeast known for its high precipitation rate, suffers from water scarcity during post-rainy season (November to April). In the absence of major and medium irrigation potential/ facilities, the alternative method is to explore minor irrigation potential through effective water-conservation measures. A low-cost rainwater harvesting structure called Jalkund of varying capacity (6000-30,000 1 of water) has been developed for the hilltops at the ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya. However, farmers may have option for the capacity according to their water requirement for the crop intended to be cultivated and also for diversified use of stored water in various farm activities like crop, livestock and fish production during post-rainy season (stress period). The Jalkund was made up of clay and cow-dung plastering followed by 3-5 cm cushioning with dry pine leaf, laying down of 250 μm LDPE black agri-film and covering with 5-8 cm bamboo thatch. The study revealed that the cost/l of stored water was Rs 0.14 during the first year considering Rs 4205 of total cost which came down to Rs 0.046/1 of stored water during the third year owing to negligible maintenance cost. Feedback from beneficiaries envisages that 30,000 1 of stored water in Jalkund could support 200 tomato plants, rear five piglets or two ducks or 50 poultry birds along with reasonable amount of fish seedling from November to April. Using stored water economically in various farm activities is the most acceptable and profitable one particularly to those in the hilltops, who are the worst sufferers due to water scarcity. This economically viable and easily adoptable technology needs to be popularized among large sectors of farmers.


Objective To study the effects of ferulic ccid analogs in a cardiomyocyte Hypoxia-reoxygenation(H/R)model.Methods The cardiomyocyte from neonatal SD rats were isolated and cultured.The H/R models of neonatal rat cardiomyocyte were established.The cardiomyocyte were randomly divided into control group,H/R group,solvent group,and Ferulic Acid analogs group.Measurements included cell damage evaluated by Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase(LDH)and Creatine Kinase(CK)release in the medium were measured,the contents of intracelluar Malonaldehyde(MDA),the activity of Superoxide Dismutase(SOD)of the cultured myocardial cell were measured at the end of experiment.Results Except for IIa,FA and some its analogs significantly attenuated levels of LDH,CK,MDA and increased activity of SOD.Conclusion 3 and 5 substituted group on benzene ring of Ferulic acid and its analogs could obviously influence the antioxidant activities,that could be increased by methoxyl,oxethyl or bromine on benzene ring.


The Vela-Puppis region has been surveyed with Mills Cross radio telescopes, and radio isophotes plotted at two wavelengths. Many discrete sources have been observed. Several H II regions have been detected in emission at 3·5 m and in absorption at 15·2 m; the radiation from such objects is of thermal origin. The outstanding feature of this region is a group of strong non-thermal sources near the galactic equator. These are superimposed on an intense belt of radiation along the equator, and this, too, is certainly non-thermal in origin. Some correlation with galactic structure is suggested.


ABSTRACT Using autobiographical experiences as a framework for inquiry, this article sets out to question the often unexamined assumptions that surround the definition of 'proficiency' in second/foreign languages. In so doing, it opens up possibilities of inquiry into the power-laden relationships between speaker agency, cultural belonging and self-expression that are equally relevant to intra-linguistic contexts. Recasting our linguistic identities as performative acts that respond to a number of personal and social agendas, the article concludes by considering some general implications of speaker agency and the emotional stakes inherent in language use for the teacher of English in the multilingual classroom.


Background

Due to the extensive growth of non-acute ways of dying in Western countries and a growing demand by people to die at home, Western societies have a desire to locate high-quality palliative care at the patient's home.

If Dutch patients decide to die at home, their general practitioners naturally become their primary caregivers. Not all Dutch gp's, however, have extensive, specialist knowledge about good palliative care at their disposal. To overcome this problem, additional expertise can be called in from existing expert centers. The department of anesthesiology, pain-, and palliative medicine of the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre currently focuses on this knowledge sharing-process by introducing and investigating the practice of telemedicine in a palliative care setting.

Objective

In a research project named Optimization of Complex Palliative Care at Home by Making Use of Expert Consultation via Telemedicine, the consequences of the implementation of an advanced telemedicine-application in a home based palliative care context, as a means of transporting specialist knowledge on palliative care, will be studied. Three different perspectives will be used to describe the implementation of this telemedicine-application.

First, a medical perspective to gather information on the possible change in the use and experience of care, the occurrence of medical complications, and, as a consequence of that, home-hospital transitions. The question is asked whether and how tele-consultation improves the quality of care as well as contributes to more efficient care?

Secondly, a socio-ethical perspective will be used to investigate how patients, proxies, general practitioners, and medical specialists experience a multifunctional telemedicine-application at the patient's home, introduced primarily for the purpose of a weekly palliative care teleconversation between the patient and the specialist palliative care team, and whether (and why) they find this telemedicine-application acceptable.
The focus will, for one thing, be on a) the absorption of the telemedicine-application into existing palliative care giving and/or social routines, or the creation of new routines, b) the transformation of communication patterns, and c) genres used in the (mediated) supportive and/or care giving relationships, and, for another, on d) the 'fit' of telemedicine in participants' and bioethicists' conceptions about a 'good death' and 'good palliative care', and e) the effects of telemedicine on the patient's position in his/her own care process.

The third perspective, which we call the implementation perspective, focuses on a process of designing appropriate content, a business case which offers a solid base to connect telemedicine technologies with existing health care institutions and insurance companies, and practical guidelines, all based on research.

Methods

In the forthcoming presentation in Maastricht a more nuanced description of the research design used in this interdisciplinary project will be presented. This design consists of a complex intertwining between ethical and empirical research in general, an intertwining of qualitative en quantitative research methods in particular, and a collaboration between the medical profession, ethicists, and communication science. []


readers may find Ratelle's more activist positions controversial or unconvincingly biased toward animal personhood, as when "Meat is murder" according to Derrida's conception of the "carnophallogocentric paradigm" (77), which links carnivorism with masculine power and reason. Ironically, this seems a rather anthropocentric moral position to stake without acknowledging how nonhuman carnivorous animals survive in nature, red in tooth and claw. (Presumably Ratelle's dog Sam eats meat? Is that murder, too?) Still, despite a misleading title and thesis, Ratelle makes well-supported ethical and moral claims that any children's literature scholar should think about and incorporate into our understanding of animal stories—and of ourselves. It's a good book.


In his monograph On Numbers and Games, J. H. Conway introduced a real-closed field No of surreal numbers containing the reals and the ordinals, as well as a vast array of less familiar numbers. A longstanding aim has been to develop analysis on No as a powerful extension of ordinary analysis on the reals. This entails finding a natural way of extending important functions f from the reals to the reals to functions f* from the surreals to the surreals, and naturally defining integration on the f*. The usual square root, log, and exp were naturally extended to No by Bach, Conway, Kruskal, and Norton, retaining their usual properties. Later Norton also proposed a treatment of integration, but Kruskal discovered it has flaws. In his recent survey [2, p. 438], Siegel characterizes the question of the existence of a reasonable definition of surreal integration as "perhaps the most important open problem in the theory of surreal numbers." This paper addresses this and related unresolved issues with positive and negative results. In the positive direction, we show that semi-algebraic, semi-analytic, analytic, meromorphic, or more generally \'Ecalle-Borel transseriable functions extend naturally to No, and an integral with good properties exists on them. In the negative direction, we show there is a fundamental set-theoretic obstruction to naturally extending many larger families of functions.


Neuropathic pain can be caused by a number of different diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM), herpes zoster, Human Inmunodeficiency virus (HIV), cancer or secondary to treatment i.e. radiotherapy, chemotherapy or surgery. Alterations in the nerve pathways such as trigeminal or nerve roots can lead to pain. Another study from Mayo Clinic reported neuropathic pain in 66% of insulin-dependent diabetic patients and 59% in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients (Davies 2006). Epidemiological study in Minnesota reported an annual incidence of postherpetic neuralgia to be 11.6 per 100,000 people per year, similar to seen in UK with a lifetime incidence of 70/100, 000. (Dyck 1993) Traditionally, neuropathic pain has been classified into peripheral and central, taking into account the anatomical location of the lesion or anatomical dysfunction. The current definition of neuropathic pain indicates that it is "pain that arises as a direct result of an injury or illness affecting the somatosensory system" (Treede 2008). Several recent studies have shown that neuropathic pain may adversely affect the overall quality of life including physical and emotional health (Oster 2005), which are associated with significant social costs (O ' Connor 2009). Neuropathic pain is associated with suffering, disability, decreased quality of life and increased costs. The exact prevalence is unknown. German Studies state that 37% of patients with chronic low back pain have predominantly neuropathic pain, in terms of painful diabetic neuropathy occurs in 16% in patients with diabetes in the UK, one third of these patients had never received Treatment for this type of pain. In the United States two-thirds of patients with painful diabetic neuropathy workers reported absence from work or decreased productivity due to pain and only one fifth of these employees were satisfied with their treatment prescribed analgesic (Bouhassira 2008). Of the various etiologies of neuropathic pain DM needs the most attention due to the increasing number of patients expected by 2025. It is estimated that the present number of 246 million people worldwide will increase to 380 million especialy in developing countries. Though estimated 80% of these patients live in developing or under developed countries only 20% increased will be in the budget to treat this condition (Walters1992/Davies 2006). These epidemiological data support that neuropathic pain has severe impact on the economic, social and emotional aspects of patient population.


Morphological characteristics of flowers and flowering were studied in three main pomegranate varieties grown in Montenegro: 'Slatki barski', 'Šerbetaš' and 'Dividiš meke kore'. The varieties grown in three different locations: Dobra Voda and Tomba in the Bar coastal area, and in Golubovci area near Podgorica, were represented with five trees per locality. Results on dynamics of forming and falling of flowers and fruits are presented in the paper. The maximum length and width of a flowers in all varieties was at hermaphroditic type of flower (4.75 cm), a statistically significantly higher compared to the other two categories examined. Hermaphroditic type of flower has a statistically significantly longer pestle (13.58 mm), while the shortest in functionally male-type 3.93 mm. There was a highly significant correlation between the length of the pistil and diameter of a flower (r = 0.8022 **), as well as the length of the flower (r = 0.7042 **). Functionally male type of flower had in average the highest number of stamens (320), which is in the function of production of a sufficient amount of pollen and better fertilization, and the lowest was registered in hermaphrodite flower type (272). Pomegranate flowering lasted from two to almost three months in the cultivars 'Šerbetaš' and 'Slatki barski' from Dobra Voda in 2004 and 2003 respectively. The highest number of flowers per fruiting shoot was in variety 'Dividiš meke kore' (36.1) at locality Balabani in 2002. The lowest number of flowers (8.25) was formed in 'Šerbetaš' variety in 2004. Flowering maximum in the varieties grown in localities Tomba and Balabani was in the first half of June, while in Dobra Voda delayed in average 7-10 days, due to the climatic conditions in the orchard located at higher altitude.


The Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA) will answer outstanding questions concerning the main objectives of the mission. To accomplish the very demanding objectives, ROSINA will have unprecedented capabilities, including: very wide mass range from 1 amu to >300 amu; very high mass resolution (ability to resolve CO from N2 and 13C from 12CH); very wide dynamic range and high sensitivity; the ability to determine cometary gas and ion flow velocities and temperatures. {)1998 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. INTRODUCTION The international Rosetta comet rendezvous mission represents an extraordinary oppommity to perform a detailed investigation of a primitive object in our solar system. As part of the core payload for this mission, the Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA) proposed here will answer outstanding questions concerning the main objectives of the mission. The primary measurement objective of the spectrometer is: To determine the elemental, isotopic and molecular composition of the atmospheres and ionospheres of comets as well as the temperature and bulk velocity of the gas and ions and the homogenous and inhomogenous reactions of gas and ions in the dusty cometary atmosphere and ionosphere. In determining the composition of the atmospheres and ionospheres of comets, the following prime scientific objectives, also defined by the Rosetta Science Definition Team will be achieved: • To determine the global molecular, elemental, and isotopic composition and the physical, chemical and morphological character of the cometary nucleus. • To determine the processes by which the dusty cometary atmosphere and ionosphere are formed


This study backs on the problems in the background that appears in the field, namely child lightweight X Tunagrahita SDLB class I at 20 Cottage Duo Pariaman District who have difficulty in identifying symbol number 1-10. This is evident from the beginning of the ability of children in naming the symbol numbers of children have difficulty on tests that researchers administered. children have not been able to answer all the tests correctly. This study aims to improve children's ability in identifying symbol of light Tunagrahita numbers through Edu-Games. Edu-Games is a computer software that contains games for children and full of the elements of education. Research methodology that researchers use is to research research using single subject AB design. Namely the design of a study comparing the ability to know the symbol number of children 1-10 in mild Tunagrahita X between baseline condition and the condition of the intervention. Data analysis techniques are used based on the observed data in the form of Visual Analysis of Graphs. The results are analyzed include the number of observations at baseline conditions and meeting as many as six times as much as ten times the intervention condition The results of this study can be seen in data analysis and data analysis under conditions that indicate the presence of inter-change ability to recognize the symbol on the number of children towards a better X through the medium of Edu-Games. From the analysis of data obtained can be concluded that the hypothesis (Ha) that the proposed is acceptable. Edu-Games media means to be used in improving the ability to know the symbol numbers 1-10 for kids in the class I light Tunagrahita SDLB Cottage Duo Pariaman District 20. Recommended for classroom teachers or subject teachers of Mathematics in order to use the media Edu-Games for kids Tunagrahita familiar symbol of light in the teaching of number.


The Small Displacement Transducer (SDT) was developed by General Research Corporation (GRC) for the Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA) to assist in the development of advanced materials. The ideal material for many applications has a small coefficient of thermal expansion and a large modulus of elasticity. These properties make a structure using these materials insensitive to thermal loads from solar radiation or from intense pulsed nuclear radiation.


Background:A poor response to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents such as darbepoetin alfa has been associated with adverse outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and an...


Current electronic warfare jammers and radar countermeasures are characterized by dynamism and uncertainty. This paper focuses on a decision-making framework of radar anti-jamming countermeasures. The characteristics and implementation process of radar intelligent anti-jamming systems are analyzed, and a scheduling method for radar anti-jamming action based on the Partially Observable Markov Process (POMDP) is proposed. The sample-based belief distribution is used to reflect the radar's cognition of the environment and describes the uncertainty of the recognition of jamming patterns in the belief state space. The belief state of jamming patterns is updated with Bayesian rules. The reward function is used as the evaluation criterion to select the best anti-jamming strategy, so that the radar is in a low threat state as often as possible. Numerical simulation combines the behavioral prior knowledge base of radars and jammers and obtains the behavioral confrontation benefit matrix from the past experience of experts. The radar controls the output according to the POMDP policy, and dynamically performs the best anti-jamming action according to the change of jamming state. The results show that the POMDP anti-jamming policy is better than the conventional policy. The POMDP approach improves the adaptive anti-jamming capability of the radar and can quickly realize the anti-jamming decision to jammers. This work provides some design ideas for the subsequent development of an intelligent radar.


Networks on Chip (NoC) are a scalable solution to the growing problem of multicore data communication. One of the major challenges in multicore NoCs is that the redundant multicast invalidations can easily increase the load on communication resources cumulatively and lower the overall performance of the chip. In this paper we propose a novel technique to minimize the number of redundant invalidations. Moreover, Silicon-photonics is applied in NoC to lower the energy-delay product. Performance results show 15% improvement over an electrical mesh NoC and 13% improvements over a state of the art photonic NoC.


Electronic publication offers new possibilities for the creation and exploration of grammatical descriptions. This paper lists values influencing the structure of electronic grammatical descriptions. It then investigates challenges and solutions for a grammar authoring software trying to adhere to these values in the domains of data quality, creation of the description, and exploration of the description. The paper closes by discussing possibilities for the standardization of grammatical descriptions on a macroscopic level, complementing the standardization efforts on a more fine-grained level like GOLD or CRG.


The paper deals with Automatic Speech Recognition system (ASR) with focus on isolated digits recognition in Slovak language. The paper discusses reduction of dimension of feature space. There are applied two ways dimension reductions. The first way feature subspace reduction is bases on manually selection some coefficients from feature matrix. The second way feature subspace reduction is automatic and use Linear Discriminant Analysis. In the first part of the article, there is briefly defined ASR system and introduce 3TDCM method (tree Two-Dimensional Cepstral Matrix). The next part of the article focuses on exploitation of LDA end use in ASR system. In the third part of the paper, there are shown experiments with isolated digit recognition. Moreover, there are compare systems ASR with automatic and manual feature subspace selection and influence feature subspace reduction on performances of ASR system.


Much research in recent years has focused on the seismic analysis of concrete and earthfill dams, and few works have addressed the case of masonry dams. The structural behavior of masonry dams is controlled essentially by its discontinuous nature, which may induce significant nonlinear response during an intense earthquake. In this article, a numerical tool based on the Discrete Element Method is presented, aimed at the static, dynamic, and hydromechanical analysis of masonry gravity dams. The use of discontinuous models is mandatory for the study of failure mechanisms involving the masonry discontinuities, the dam-rock interface or the rock mass joints. The Discrete Element Method is able to assemble continuous and discontinuous meshes simultaneously in the same model, providing a versatile tool to consider various assumptions and levels of analysis, ranging from simplified to detailed structural representations. A comprehensive study of the seismic behavior of Lagoa Comprida Dam, located in Portugal, is presented. Both continuous and discontinuous models were developed to assess the main failure mechanisms, including overstress, partial and global sliding, and overturning.


The segment of South to North Water Diversion was intersected the Shanxi-Beijing gas pipeline,with about 1805 thousand cube meter of stone ready to excavated.The present paper discussed the blasting construction scheme and test results which were carried out in the range of 50 to 500m between the two sides of the pipeline and analyzed the observation results of blasting vibration test,which resulted in a reasonable determination of the blasting parameter.The blasting construction programme based on the tests ensured the excavation schedule and the absolute safety of Shanxi-Beijing gas pipeline,offered a reference for similar engineering.


Objective To investigate the effect of Levothyroxine to the patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and clinical hypothyroidism. Methods Clinical data of 128 cases of patients with hypothyroidism in outpatients of our hospital from February 2010 to February 2012 were retrospectively analyzed, clinical hypothyroidism group had 46 cases, subclinical hypothyroidism group had 82 cases. They were all given oral levothyroxine sodium therapy. Blood lipid level in two groups were observed and compared. Results Level of TSH Subclinical before treatment in subclinical hypothyroidism group was lower than that in clinical hypothyroidism (P0.05), level of FT4 was higher than that in clinical hypothyroidism (P0.05); Levels of TC, TG, LDL after treatment in two groups were significantly decreased (P0.05), HDL decreased without significantly, the difference was not statistically significant (P0.05). TC in clinical hypothyroidism group after treatment dropped more than subclinical hypothyroidism group (P 0.05). Conclusion The application of Levothyroxine to the patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and clinical hypothyroidism can relieve clinical symptoms and improve the blood lipids.


This paper presents an eye opening monitor (EOM) architecture designed for multi-protocol serial link applications, which is operated at the data rate of 1.25-10Gb/s. The proposed two dimensional EOM provides the variable 248 different masks, based on the phase interpolators (PIs) and the digital-to-analog converters (DACs). The horizontal asymmetric masks are also closer to the real eye. The EOM is achieved in 40nm CMOS technology and supplied with 1.1V. The simulated results show that this design can output a frequency corresponding to the bit error rate (BER). The algorithm that is controlled by digital control logic block V_Control and PI_Control can implement traversal of the variable asymmetric sizes of masks. The total power consumption of the EOM is 47 mW at 10Gb/s in this design.


T advent of electronic medical records has extraordinary implications for the practice of medicine. In 1997 the Institute of Medicine pointed out that "in spite of more than 30 years of exploratory work and millions of dollars in research and implementation of computer systems in health care provider institutions, patient records today are still predominantly paper records."1 Due to the many complexities of implementation of such a system, and the significant potential benefits, the Institute of Medicine subsequently, just four years later, advocated a "renewed national commitment to building an information infrastructure [that will] lead to the elimination of most handwritten clinical data by the end of the decade."2 That same year, 2001, only 17% of primary care physicians in the United States, compared with 29% of their European counterparts, were routinely using electronic medical records in their practices.3 There are many potential benefits of electronic medical records from a patient quality perspective. Electronic prescribing has significant benefits regarding the improved legibility of prescriptions, electronic submission to pharmacies, and online reminders regarding drug interactions, contraindications, dosages, and therapeutic guidelines. Bates et al4 demonstrated that computerized physician order entry reduced medication errors by 55%. Indeed, 14 of 19 computerized reminder systems for


Practice experience of clean production was introduced from the three aspects,those are process innovation,technical transformation and production management.In process,clean production of shortened procedure,cold pad-batch method of pretreatment and dyeing,scouring with enzyme, vat dyeing with thiourea dioxide,and centralized treatment of effluents was recommended to decrease COD in wastewater.In technical transformation,the energy-saving technologies,such as recycling and reuse of water,reuse of condensed water and wastewater heat,were carried out to reduce energy consumption.Production management was controlled by relative policy-making.As a result,it was proved that less pollutant,energy saving and remarkable economic benefits were obtained through practicing clean production.


Paneth cells were discovered by Schwalbe in 1872 and described more fully by Paneth in 1888. They have been found since in the intestinal mucosa of a wide variety of animals. They are found in the fundus of the crypts of Lieberkuhn and their characteristic feature is the large granules visible in both the fresh and fixed state in the apical or upper part of the cell (Fig. 1). In man they occur naturally in the small intestine, appendix, and colon (Lewin, 1966) and have been reported in the colons of neonates (Hamperl, 1928). An increase in the number of Paneth cells has been reported in inflammatory disease of the appendix


The Communications Research Laboratory (CRL) has an opening for a Research Engineer/Scientist to work on a new project on Neural Information Processing, funded by the Telecommunications Research Institute of Ontario (TRIO). The project involves the application of neural networks to the classification of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, and comparative evaluation with classical texture-based techniques. The successful candidate will have: • Research experience in the use of neural networks, or texture-based classi fication techniques. • Familiarity with SAR imaging, and the use of computer processing. • Working knowledge of pattern recognition, image processing, signal proc essing, and optimization. Candidates are being sought to join a team which is carrying out research in the area of integrated phased array antennas. Applicants should be well versed in antenna theory, phased array antenna design, numerical computation techniques, digital signal processing, and antenna fabrication and measurement techniques. The CRL has a continuing need for Research Engineers/ Scientists at the Master's and Ph.D. levels to conduct research in a variety of applications of digital signal processing, including radar, sonar, and digital communications. This research is supported through research contracts with government and industry. Successful candidates for the above positions will have at least a Master's Degree in Electrical Engineering or a closely related discipline. A Ph.D. and additional expertise or experience are pre ferred. Minimum annual salary for all positions is $33,400. Please send a resume with the names of two references indicating your area of interest to:


Beat phenomenon is an important concern in the application of the reduced DC-link capacitance IPMSM drives, which leads to the low-frequency oscillation of the motor speed and current. In the previous literature, the beat phenomenon could be divided into two types: one is the interaction of DC-link voltage and inverter output voltage, and the other one is caused by the negative impedance of the voltage control loop. In this paper, another type of the beat phenomenon caused by the fluctuated DC-link voltage and the load torque is analyzed from the view of the interaction between two different frequency sinusoidal current signals. In order to mitigate the low-frequency oscillation of the motor speed and current, the motor harmonic current corresponding to the fluctuated load torque is suppressed by the resonant controller applied in parallel to the current controller. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experimental results.


The model of metal agglomeration in CSP combustion has been developed. The Monte Carlo (MC) method for simulation of aluminum agglomeration is considered. The investigation of different agglomeration mechanisms by the MC method has been fulfilled. It is demonstrated,'that agglomerates spectra, calculated by the MC method are polymodal, which correlates to experimental data of many researchers. It is shown that the developed model allows determination of the dependence of agglomerates sizes on the burning rate, pressure and acceleration. The developed method opens new prospects for theoretical research of metal agglomeration process in CSP combustion. It allows to obtain fundamental understanding of regularities of the processes and to develop methods of agglomeration parameters regulation.


In the society of rule by law the judicial power has two qualities of negativity and supremacy, that is, it should practice the two principles-no trial without complaint and trial with complaint in regard to law disputes. This paper analyses four relations of "complaint" and "trial" in the judicial practice of our country-no trial without complaint,trial without complaint,no trial with complaint,trial with complaint, and expounds the relationship between operation principles of judicial power and judicial justice and the function of social "equilibrium machine" of judiciary. The discussion above is to rectify present improperness in jurisdictional cognition and practice.


Antifouling and antibacterial intraocular lenses (IOLs) are required to lower the incidence of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) and postoperative endophthalmitis. Bionic zwitterionic polymer such as 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) shows excellent biocompatibility and strong ability to resist nonspecific proteins and bacterial adhesion. In this work, a novel bionic brushes coating containing MPC and N, N, N-trimethyl-2-((4-(2-(4-nonylphenoxy) ethoxy)-4-oxobut-2-enoyl) oxy) ethan-1-aminium chloride (TOEAC), a quaternary ammonium monomer, was prepared onto IOLs using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization method. The success of surface modification was investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry, water contact angle, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The P(TOEAC-co-MPC) brushes functionalized IOL exhibited excellent antifouling efficiency against bovine serum albumin, Staphylococcus aureus, and human lens epithelial cells. In addition, the P(TOEAC-co-MPC) brushes showed excellent antibacterial and antibiofilm abilities and good biocompatibility. Anin vivo study confirmed that the P(TOEAC-co-MPC) brushes effectively prevented PCO and endophthalmitis. Consequently, the P(TOEAC-co-MPC) bionic brushes are promising for IOLs surface modification to resist postoperative complications for long-term implantation.


In recent years, the pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) has acquired wide acceptance due to the growing evidence that consumption is associated with beneficial health properties. During fruit ripening and manufacturing there are significant changes in the physicochemical, phenolic compositions and antioxidant activity. These changes are influenced by cultivar, growing region, cultivation techniques and ripening stage of the fruit at harvest.
Thus, the main objective of this PhD Thesis is to evaluate the evolucion in chemical, functional and sensory properties of pomegranate during cultivation, maturity stage and industrial processing. The specific objectives are: (i) evaluate the potential of pomegranate fruits removed during thinning as a source of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, (ii) determine the effect of the position of the fruits within the tree in the main quality and physicochemical parameters, (iii) use descriptive sensory analysis to determine the best commercial option for pomegranate fruits, either fresh consumption or juice manufacture, (iv) determine the effect of industrial processing and pomegranate juice adulteration on physico-chemical characteristics and bioactive compounds.
Pomegranates fruits were used for the analysis and were collected from the thinning and during three different maturity stages. Thinning is an agricultural practice which takes place at an immature stage of the fruits at which parts of the fruits are removed to benefit the development and quality of the remaining fruits on the tree. Likewise commercial pomegranate juice was used for the analysis; to simulate adulteration, commercial pure pomegranate juice was mixed with grape juice or peach juice at different concentrations. The quality parameters under study included, organic acids, sugars, proline, minerals, total phenolic compounds, punicalagins, ellagic acid, antioxidant activity and volatile compounds, as well as titratable acidity, total soluble solids, maturity index, pH and color.
In pomegranate that coming from thinning, citric and quinic acid were the main organic acids and glucose and fructose the main sugars. Potassium was the predominant mineral; the proline content in the first ripening stage ranged from 32.2 to 52.1 mg/ L. Total polyphenol content ranged from 190 to 288 g GAE/ kg dw. The antioxidant activity was assessed by four methods, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and ORAC. The antioxidant activity values of thinning fruits were between 2 - 6 times higher than ripe pomegranate fruits. The antioxidant activity values, titratable acidity, total organic acid and total polyphenols, decrease with ripening progresses or industrial processing, as well as. The total soluble solids, maturity index, total sugars content and proline, increased significantly in pomegranate fruits. The position within the tree only had significant (p< 0.05) on external color coordinates.
A total of 35 major derivatives of ellagic acid were identified by LC-PDA-QTOF/MS and quantified by UPLC-PDA methods however, only 7 of them were found in thinning and ripe fruits. The content of these compounds was higher in fruits that coming from thinning than in ripe fruits. After sensory evaluations, the results show that Wonderful cultivar was the most appreciated cultivar in by being sour and having salty and wine-like notes. On the other hand, most of Mollar and Valencia cultivars highly appreciated cultivars in Spain were characterized by being sweet and having beet, fruity-dark, fermented, and musty/earthy flavor notes.
In commercial pure pomegranate juice, mixed with grape juice (10, 25 and 50 %), increased the content of Ca, Mg and Fe, volatile compounds like acetic acid, isoamyl butyrate and 1-hexanol and linalool and especially increases of tartaric acid and proline, decreased simultaneously, the content of K. Likewise, Addition of peach juice up to 10 % only resulted in a significant (p< 0.001) increase of the sucrose content and volatile compounds like butyl acetate, isobutyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and especially isoamyl butyrate.
This PhD Thesis shows that pomegranate thinning fruits (especially sour-sweet cultivars), are rich in bioactive compounds, and thus, have an important potential use in food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Also, described the sensory profiles of pomegranate cultivars to determine the best commercial option for fruits, either fresh consumption or juice manufacture. And finally, evaluated the changes observed after adulterating pomegranate juice with different concentrations of grape or peach juices, to state simple but practical parameters to check the authenticity or adulteration of pomegranate juice.


The authors conducted comparative testing of torsional vibration dampers on a test bed with two kinds of fluid polymethylsiloxane fluid (PMF) and magnetic fluid (MF). The test bed and tests conducted on torsional vibration were calculated and the boundaries for the research of resonance frequency were marked. For the research, the fluids PMF-1000 and MF-131 with kinematic viscosities of 1000 and 1100 cSt correspondingly were used. Data for reduction of resonance stress of torsional vibrations for both fluids were obtained. Using PMF-1000 resulted in the reduction of stress by 2.68 and 2.67 for MF-131. The behavior of both fluids is presented in graphs. Resonance frequency of vibrations for using PMF-1000 and MF-131 was 28.6 and 27.8 Hz correspondingly.


Cardiac fibromas are extremely rare in children and typically do not involve the right atrium. We report the case of an 8-week-old infant with a right atrial fibroma who presented acutely in profound shock. Echocardiography revealed a large mass occupying the right atrium and obstructing flow through the tricuspid valve, prompting emergent surgical resection. To our knowledge, ours is the youngest patient to survive complete resection of a right atrial fibroma.


144 black and white preschoolers' performance on the Goodenough drawing test and the Columbia Mental Maturity Scale was influenced by socioeconomic background and sex rather than race. While no over-all difference in IQ was noted between the two tests, analysis displayed uniformly somewhat lower scores by blacks on the Goodenough drawing test.


The Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene PKCl encodes a protein kinase C isozyme that regulates cell wall synthesis. Here we describe the characterization of HOCl, a gene identified by its ability to suppress the cell lysis phenotype of pkcZ-?71 cells. The HOC1 gene (Homologous to OCHl) is predicted to encode a type I1 integral membrane protein that strongly resembles Ochlp, an a-1,6-mannosyltransferase. Immunofluorescence studies localized Hoclp to the Golgi apparatus. While overexpression of HOCl rescued the pkcl-371 temperature-sensitive cell lysis phenotype, disruption of HOCl lowered the restrictive temperature of the pkcl-371 allele. Disruption of HOCl also resulted in hypersensitivity to Calcofluor White and hygromycin B, phenotypes characteristic of defects in cell wall integrity and protein glycosylation, respectively. The function of HOCl appears to be distinct from that of OCHl. Taken together, these results suggest that HOCl encodes a Golgi-localized putative mannosyltransferase required for the proper construction of the cell wall.


Objective:To understand the resistance status and study the control method of Cx. pipiens pallens against com- monly-used insecticides in Shandong.Methods:WHO standard bioassay(dipping test) .Results: Cx. pipiens pallens developed resistance to all 5 insecticides tested in the field in Shandong province, with the resitance to DDVP being highest, followed by deltamethrin,DDT, malathion and permethrin.Conclusion: Surveillance on the resistance of Cx pipiens pallens should be strengthened. Rational use of insecticides, together with Pariotic Health Movement, can reduce or hinder the resistance of mosquitoes to insecticides.


We develop a novel quantum algorithm for approximating the price of a discrete floating-strike Asian option based on an underlying valuation tree. The paths of the tree are encoded in bit-representation into a qubit register, where quantum state preparation is used to load the corresponding distribution onto the states. We implement the expectation value of the option pricing formula as a composition of the price probabilities, the payout and an indicator function, mapping their respective values to amplitudes of additional qubits. Thus, the underlying no longer has to be discretized into the same bit values for different times, resulting in smaller quantum circuits. The algorithm may be used with quantum amplitude estimation, enabling a quadratic speed-up over classical Monte Carlo methods.


For the salt-pepper noise which deduces in the gaining,processing,transmission of the visual text images,a new algorithm for removal of salt-pepper noises is proposed,which based on the characters stroke characteristic.This algorithm can estimate whether a pixel and it's neighboring pixels are salt-pepper noises or not,and differentiate effectively characters from salt-pepper noise.The experimental results show clearly that this algorithm can restrain salt-pepper noises well and truly,at the same time,comparing with those traditional denoise algorithms,it avoids the influence for characters stroke,and decreases the disturbance for subsequent recognition.


The invention relates to a novel label provided with concave grooves and convex grooves. The label comprises a piece of labeled paper, a transparent and abrasion-proof waterproof coating, a fluorescent coating bar and a heat-resisting layer, wherein the closed fluorescent coating bar is mounted inwards along the edge of the circumference of the upper plane of the labeled paper; a two-dimension code placing area is produced on the labeled paper inside the fluorescent coating bar; the transparent and abrasion-proof waterproof coating is fixedly and parallelly mounted above the labeled paper; an upper plane of the heat-resisting layer is fixedly and parallelly mounted below the labeled paper; a plurality of concave grooves are formed at intervals in one end of the lower bottom surface of the heat-resisting layer; and a plurality of convex grooves in embedded connection with the concave grooves are formed symmetrically in the other end of the plane. Mutually embedded concave grooves and convex grooves are formed in one side surface of the label, so that the label is convenient to mount and use; and simultaneously, two-dimension codes of various related products can be placed in the two-dimension code placing area, the work efficiency is improved, and the label is particularly suitable for being used on a secondary measure and control device of an electric power system.


A number of diazirines were synthesized for the purpose of exploring the addition of a carbon radical to the nitrogen-nitrogen double bond. Carbon radicals, generated from the photolysis of the 0-acyl derivatives of N-hydroxy- 2-thiopyridone or via radical exchange from the corresponding organotellurides, were shown to add smoothly to the diazirines leading to imines 34. When 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-phenyldiazirine (13) is used as the trap, the thus formed imines can be easily hydrolyzed to amines. A mechanism that involves dimerization of the diaziridinyl radicals 32 to produce tetraazo intermediates 33 is suggested in accord with variable temperature NMR data for the reaction. Proof for this mechanistic scheme was furthermore obtained by isolation and X-ray structure determination of 33d. The first X-ray structure of a 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-aryldiazirine is also reported.


This paper provides reference view point in regard to the present situation and social demand on the talent cultivation in the field of electronic information engineering technology.The authors analyze problems currently existing in engineering education in China,put forward ways and measures of solving the problems,and introduce our practice scheme:integrate engineering design and practice into teaching on the basis of projects,strengthen the practice phase on the intramural practice platform and normalize and diversify university students' innovation and business training courses.These measures,as have been tested in practice,show some efficiency and can be popularized.


In the paper we suggest the procedure of calculation of the o-Ps lifetime in the pick-off process. The procedure follows the scheme proposed by Tao but we employed the correct positron wave function. We extended our calculations for the case when the o-Ps is overlapping the core region of hydrogen and carbon atoms. The obtained dependence between the lifetime and the radius of the o-Ps fits much better to the experimental one observed in silica gel than the original Tao relation.


In a previous paper (Steggerda, '28) it was shown that by the injury or partial removal of the ovary of fowls certain birds were stimulated to lay more eggs. This result appears to be related to the work of Zeleny ('03) on regeneration in Brittlestars, from which he concludes, "the greater the number of removed arms, (excepting the case where all are removed) the greater is the rate of regeneration of each arm," and also to the work of Hartman ('25) on semispaying of the opossum in which he states, " a compensatory hypertrophy was noted." The work of Pearl ('21) on the partial removal of the ovary of fowls is also related; he concludes, "The total number of oocytes developing to visible size in the lifetime of a bird is caused to increase from 33 to 68 percent over the number which develope in the normal unoperated bird."


Smoking is one of the most important preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in Korea. Nicotine dependence and withdrawl symptoms are classified as a disease entity in DSM-IV and ICD-10 (international classification of diseases). All the health professionals should deal with smoking as a part of health care. The effective way of smoking cessation consists of behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy. Stress, with or without alcohol, is one of the most important stimulant of smoking and is a most common cause of failure in smoking cessation. So behavioral therapy should include stress management. Smokers smoke almost everytime when they get stressed. They do not know how to confront stress without smoking. The health professionals should convince the smokers that non-smokers can manage stress in their own way. Pharmacotherapy is well documented way of smoking cessation. NRT (nicotine replacement therapy) includes nicotine patch, gum and lozenge. Oral medication includes bupropion and varenicline. NRT and bupropion increase success rate about 2 times. Varenicline seems to be the most effective medication so far and increase success rate about 3 times. (Korean J Str Res 2007;15:279 ∼ 285)


Now days Peer to Peer systems have become an important part of the internet and millions of user have been attracted to use their structure and service. Peer to Peer network systems are distributed systems that provide different characteristic then client server system. Peer to Peer network has widely populated among the internet user as well as computer professionals. Some of the benefits of a Peer to Peer approach include: improving scalability by avoiding dependency on centralized points; eliminating the need for costly infrastructure by enabling direct communication among clients; and enabling resource aggregation. In this Book, Survey and comparison of different Peer to Peer architecture has been introduced. Detailed Survey and performance comparison of structured (Chord, Kademlia) protocol has been done and unstructured Peer to Peer Protocols (Gnutella, Napster, and BitTorrent) have also been studied. Finally Chord and Kademlia have been simulated and analyzed for detailed performance comparison.


For open spaces, this paper proposes a novel method for automatic fire smoke detection based on image visual features. The greatest characteristic of the method is that both static and dynamic features of fire smoke are investigated. And the basic strategy is that we extract features of the moving target including growth, disorder, frequent flicker in boundaries, self- similarity and local wavelet energy as a joint feature vector which will be normalized, and then a BP artificial neural network is trained to recognize fire smoke. Experimental results show that this method can achieve early detection of fire accident with high accuracy and stronger anti-jamming ability.


HfO2-based ferroelectrics, such as Hf0.5Zr0.5O2, arouse great attention in recent years because of their CMOS compatibility and robust nano-scale ferroelectricity. However, fatigue is one of the toughest problems for ferroelectric applications. The fatigue mechanism of HfO2-based ferroelectrics is different from conventional ferroelectric materials, and research on the fatigue mechanism in HfO2-based epitaxial films have been rarely reported. In this work, we fabricate 10 nm Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 epitaxial films and investigate the fatigue mechanism. The experimental data show that the remanent ferroelectric polarization value decreased by 50% after 108 cycles. It is worth noting that the fatigued Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 epitaxial films can be recovered through applying electric stimulus. Combined with the temperature-dependent endurance analysis, we propose that fatigue of our Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films comes from both phase transition between ferroelectric Pca21 and antiferroelectric Pbca as well as defects generation and dipole pinned. This result offers a fundamental understanding of HfO2-based film system, and could provide an important guideline for subsequent studies and future applications.


Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and measurement of the differential capacitance of the electrode double layer was used for the study of adsorption of nucleic acids and two-dimensional condensation of nucleic acid components.


Grid-connected renewable energy with high penetration rate puts forward higher requirements for power system frequency regulation. This paper designs a PI control loop based on the reliability index of Expected Energy not Supplied (EENS). The control loop is combined with the traditional primary and secondary frequency regulation model to realize the preventive adjustment of the active power output of conventional generators during normal operation. The proposed PI control loop takes the minimum EENS of the system as the control reference value, and the real-time prediction value of EENS as the feedback, and uses the deviation between the two as the basis to redistribute power outputs of dispatchable units. A method for determining feasible parameter ranges of the PI controller based on the Jury criterion is proposed. It is verified by simulation that the proposed control loop can effectively improve the frequency response effect.


Objective:To analyze cause of pseudo aneurysm and establish nursing pro tect.Methods: Medical charts of 136 patients who had hemodialysis and hemodiafil t ration during Jan 2001 to June 2005 were reviewed.Results:There was 5 patients h ad pse udo aneurysm,4 of them were cared,one had surgery. The rest were all implementin g hemodialysis successfully and no complications.Conclusion:The occurring of pseudo aneurysm related with operation unstitution of patients and state of ill ness.Nurses should give preventive according of cause of it.


Sealand characteristics in Grundtvig3s language and poetry. By Morten Bredsdorff. Grundtvig was born at Udby, a small village in the southern part of the island Sealand (Sjaelland). His poems, hymns and educational ideas have had, as is well known, an immense influence on the whole cultural life of Denmark, and far beyond the borders of this country. None the less he was so deeply rooted in the rural surroundings of his early childhood, that these impressions may be traced all through his elaborate work, crowded as it is with reminiscences of the Sealand dialect, with rural and bucolic metaphors and a certain loquacious use of typical Sealand proverbs and gnomic obsoletes. Although Grundtvig through his education in various parts of his country and his long life in Copenhagen learned to be at home nearly everywhere in Denmark, he was so intimately attached to his native soil in and around Udby, that over and over again he had to revisit this idyllic place. Even as a famous poet and historian he confesses that he can only feel truly at home in southern Sealand. Through quotations from Grundtvig's poetry and prose it is shown how farreaching and fertile were the impressions and experiences of his early childhood and its immediate surroundings. (The summary translated by the author).


Abstract : The determination of the nucleotide sequence of the Hantaan virus (HTV) genome M RNA segment was begun to devise a strategy for expressing the encoded proteins in a eukaryotic expression system and to allow a comparison with other HTV RNA segments. Concurrently, the complete nucleotide sequence of the HTV S RNA segment was determined from three overlapping eDNA clones. The S RNA segment was 1695 nucleotides in length encoding two possible proteins in a unique coding strategy for members of the Bunyaviridae family. A large open reading frame (ORF) followed by a second smaller ORF was found in the viral complementary-sense RNA. Complementary sequences were found at the 3' and 5' termini of the RNA molecules which would allow formation of a stable stem-loop structure and the formation of the circular nucleocapsid. The M and S RNA segments contained 3' noncoding regions of similar length with 20 of the nucleotides conserved. Conserved sequences which could act as possible transcription termination signals in the 5' noncoding regions were also observed.


We are on the brink of yet another series of multilateral trade negotiations. Agriculture is likelyonce again to be both a central topic for discussion and a major cause of contention. This paperattempts to look forward to the talks on agriculture. In the first section of the paper, the case ismade for embarking on what many consider a risky venture, the further liberalization ofagricultural markets. Then the climate in which the talks will take place is compared to that of theUruguay Round in 1986. A third section of the paper outlines the broad strategy that is likely tobe adopted by countries in the negotiations, and this is followed by a section that explores theways in which the negotiations could be conducted. A final section raises the issue of timing andprocedures.


An expandable material and articles incorporating the same are disclosed. The material includes a polymeric admixture; a blowing agent; a curing agent; a tackifier; and optionally, a filler or fiber. There is also disclosed a member (10) for sealing, baffling and/or reinforcing components of an automotive vehicle. The member (10) generally includes a carrier (20), an expandable material (22) and at least one fastener (24).


India lives in villages. The majority of our country's population depends upon agriculture. Agriculture has got an important role in Indian Economy. The growth of Indian economy depends upon the growth and performance of agricultural and allied sector. Agriculture also plays a crucial role in industrial development of our nation as it is the source of raw materials for many industries. Agriculture contributes a large share in the country's gross domestic product. Its share in total GDP in 1950-51 was around 55%. It has come down to 17 % in 2013-14 (Economy of IndianWikipedia). However, the importance of this sector cannot be under estimated for growths of Indian economy. To maintain the growth and performance of Indian economy, thus, there is need to sustain the growth of agriculture sector. In this respect sustained growth of agricultural sector, credit International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 02 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Foreword ix by Biz Stone Preface xv Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Be a Force for Good 3 Chapter 2 T (Target): Why Tweet? 13 Chapter 3 W(Write): Why You Should Tweet like Kanye 43 Chapter 4 E (Engage): Tools to Win 75 Chapter 5 E (Explore): Finding Everybody, and Bringing Everybody to You 117 Chapter 6 T (Track): Making Sure You ve Hit Your Mark 139 Chapter 7 Applying the T.W.E.E.T. Framework 161 Conclusion 191 Top Questions Reference List 193 Resources 195 Acknowledgments 197 About the Author 200 Index 201


This paper makes empirical analysis on the time lag of RD investment driving economic growth in Jiangsu Province with corresponding data during 1998 to 2009. Grey relational analysis method is used to build an RD investment time lag analysis model to determine the time lag of RD investment driving economic growth in Jiangsu Province. The result shows that RD investment was driving economic growth with a time lag of three years or so. As time goes by,it shows a downward trend of the driving force. There's an obvious benefit-tendency in Jiangsu RD activity. With the long-term development consideration of the science and technology strategy,it is necessary to continue to increase the total amount of RD investment,also to put emphasis on different research funding for the coordinated development.


In this prospective study, cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia was defined as the marker for initiation and episodes of antigenemia as the indicator for the duration of antiviral therapy (CMV hyperimmune globulin and ganciclovir). The CMV antigenemia assay and CMV-specific IgM and IgG antibody tests were used to monitor CMV infection in 22 heart transplant recipients who, between October 1992 and July 1994, were followed up for 6 months. A total of 178 out of 627 antigenemia assays tested positive. The highest number of positive cells was greater after primary infection than after either reactivation (43.3 vs 0.3; P<0.01) or reinfection (43.3 vs 9.3; P=NS). Sixty episodes of antigenemia were observed. More episodes of antigenemia were seen after primary infection than after either reactivation (4.6 vs 0.2; P<0.01) or reinfection (4.6 vs 2.2; P=NS). The detection of antigenemia indicated the initiation of antiviral therapy within 24 h after the blood sample was harvested. Therapy was stopped immediately after a subsequent negative result became available. Our experience indicates that antigenemia directed antiviral therapy prevents CMV disease after primary and secondary infection in heart transplant recipients.