Background: The foundation of all nursing practice is respect for human rights, ethical value and human dignity. In perioperative practice, challenging situations appear quickly and operating theatre nurses must be able to make different ethical judgements. Sometimes they must choose against their own professional principles, and this creates ethical conflicts in themselves. Objectives: This study describes operating theatre nurses' experiences of ethical value conflicts in perioperative practice. Research design: Qualitative design, narratives from 15 operating theatre nurses and hermeneutic text interpretation. Ethical consideration: The study followed ethical principles in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and approval was granted by the local university ethics committee. Findings: The result showed that value conflicts arose in perioperative practice when operating theatre nurses were prevented from being present in the perioperative nursing process, because of current habits in perioperative practice. The patient's care became uncaring when health professionals did not see and listen to each other and when collaboration in the surgical team was not available for the patient's best. This occurred when operating theatre nurses' competence was not taken seriously and was ignored in patient care. Conclusion: Value conflicts arose when operating theatre nurses experienced that continuity of patient care was lacking. They experienced compassion with the patient but still had the will and ability to be there and take responsibility for the patient. This led to feelings of despair, powerlessness and of having a bad conscience which could lead to dissatisfaction, and even resignations.


Despite recommendations for a more reflexive and theoretical turn to interviewing, the analysis of language and speech still occupies center stage. This study attempts to advance our understanding of the interview by including the use of gesture, gaze, and other embodied resources in concert with speech. Looking at a focus group interview evaluating community policing policy, I show how inclusion of embodied conduct offers a more robust approach to co-constructed meaning in the interview than looking at language practices alone. More explicitly, I investigate how an interviewee's narrative includes gestures to solicit an affiliative stance from other interviewees and how ambiguous metacommunicative norms in the focus group influence the contributions of other police participants. I show how jurisdictional boundary and professional identity emerge in and through the integration of embodied conduct and sociocultural solidarity.


Thin film fully depleted silicon-on-insulator CMOS technology, devices and circuits for RF applications are presented. These submicron MOSFET transistors can achieve a maximum oscillation frequency of 30 GHz for a 1 V power supply. This kind of performance and the advantages of the SOI transistors fit the needs for low-voltage low-power RF applications. To demonstrate the capabilities of this technology we present a single stage OTA with a f/sub T/ of 1.1 GHz and /spl phi//sub M/ of 30/spl deg/, and two CMOS mixers with exceptional linearity results.


Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are employed in a wide range of fields because to their appealing properties, which include low density, low production costs, and ease of processing. In the present work, SMP composites were developed using ultrasonic mixing of carbon fiber (CF) and amorphous epoxy to enhance the properties of epoxy and shape memory effect. The prepared composites were tested for mechanical and shape memory properties. Flexural strength and tensile strength of pristine epoxy enhanced after dispersing 1% CF which are about 12.7% and 16.2%, respectively, higher than pristine epoxy. Fracture toughness of epoxy improves after adding 1% CF which is about 94.05% higher compared to pristine epoxy. UV–vis-NIR showed reduction in energy bandgap. Shape fixity and shape recovery ratios for pristine epoxy was 98.49% and 93.40%, respectively. These ratios decrease to 90.52% and 87.86%, respectively with addition of 1.5 wt.% CF. However, recovery time improves from 57 s to 33 s with addition of 1.5 wt.% CF in epoxy. Shape recovery rate enhances with CF reinforcement in epoxy composite.


Provided are an imprinted stamp comprising cyclic olefin copolymer, and a 2-step method for transcribing a pattern from mold to object, which have high reprinting accuracy and are easy and suitable to industrially apply. The copolymer stamp used in imprint process comprises a polymer foil(3) which is produced from material comprising at least one cyclic olefin copolymer(COC) and has a surface having structured pattern. A method for transcribing a pattern from mold to object by imprint process comprises the steps of (i) contacting a pattern of mold surface(2) with polymer material comprising at least one COC so as to form a flexible replica of polymer comprising a structured surface having reverse pattern to the pattern of mold surface(2); (ii) releasing the flexible polymer replica from the mold; (iii) pressing the reverse pattern of replica on surface of second object so as to imprint a copy of pattern of mold surface(2) on the surface of the second object.


A program for analysing spherical patch antennas by means of the moment method in spectral domain is adapted to the analysis of frequency-selective surfaces (FSS). In the new model, a plane wave is impinging on a dipole array lying in free space. The plane wave is expanded into a series of spherical harmonics while the Green's functions of the spherical structure are found with the aid of the GIDMULT algorithm. The developed code is verified against a commercial MoM simulator (FEKOtrade). Frequency selective behaviour of one dipole array is investigated in terms of varying radius of curvature and array size and compared to the results of a planar FSS built with the elements of the same dimensions. Results for the monostatic and bistatic radar cross section (RCS) of the array are presented


Large projects undertaken by governments as part of development programmes displace a large number of people from their normal habitat. Rehabilitation and resettlement of displaced persons in new sites has, therefore, become an important matter for governments. In this article, Hathi describes the objectives and processes of rehabilitation and resettlement programmes which have social, economic, and cultural ramifications. After reviewing the rehabilitation packages of several large projects in India, Hathi states that best results in rehabilitation can be attained when monitoring of the implementation of the package is incorporated in the project document itself.


A sighting of Swainson's Warbler (Limnothlypis swainsonii) in mangrove forest, east of Maracaibo, western Venezuela, on 02 February 1994, represents a new record for Venezuela and South America. This migratory warbler was not known to occur south of Honduras.


Long Characteristic Method in Space and Time for Transport Problems. (December 2009) Tara Marie Pandya, B.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Marvin Adams Discretization and solving of the transport equation has been an area of great research where many methods have been developed. Under the deterministic transport methods, the method of characteristics, MOC, is one such discretization and solution method that has been applied to large-scale problems. Although these MOC, specifically long characteristics, LC, have been thoroughly applied to discretize and solve transport problems in the spatial domain, there is a need for an equally adequate time-dependent discretization. A method has been developed that uses LC discretization of the time and space variables in solving the transport equation. This space-time long characteristic, STLC, method is a discrete ordinates method that applies LC discretization in space and time and employs a least-squares approximation of sources such as the scattering source in each cell. This method encounters the same problems that previous spatial LC methods have dealt with concerning achieving all of the following: particle conservation, exact solution along a ray, and smooth variation in reaction rate for specific problems. However, quantities that preserve conservation in each cell can also be produced with this method and compared to the non-conservative


Bronze featherback (Notopterus notopterus, Pallas 1769) is one of Indonesia's endemic fish that needs to be cultivated. Stocking density and the right type of feed are important aspects of fish farming activities. This study aims to determine the stocking density and type of feed that is appropriate for the cultivation of bronze featherback. This research was conducted from June to July 2019 in a fish pond in Sungai Geringging Village, Kampar Kiri District, Riau. The design used in this study was a completely random design with two factors (stocking density and type of feed), with three replications. Stocking densities were: 5, 10 and 15 fish/m3. While the types of feed included: commercial feed pellets plus vitamin E, trash fish and local mussel. Results showed that a density of 5 fish / m3 fed with trash fish produced the best fish growth in terms of absolute weight (6.98 ± 1.49 g), absolute length (3.61 ± 0.20 cm), daily growth rate (0.83 ± 0.30%) and larval survival rate (86.67 ± 11.55%).


Cormac McCarthy is a prominent contemporary American novelist.Foreign McCarthy studies have been made thoroughly and profoundly in the past twenty years.Compared with the foreign ones,Chinese McCarthy studies seriously lag behind.This article attempts to survey the foreign and Chinese McCarthy studies,analyze the critical perspectives and the problems with the studies,and explore new rooms for further interpretation,in hope of being helpful to the Chinese McCarthy studies.


Objective To explore the role of plasma carbon monoxide(CO) and nitric oxide(NO) in infancies and children with acute lung injury (ALI) caused by pneumonia. Methods The levels of plasma CO NO in 27 patients with ALI and 18 patients with pneumonia without ALI as control group and 20 healthy infants and children, were measured by spectrophotometry. Results The levels of plasma CO NO in the patients with ALI were significantly higher than those of the control and healthy group. The levels of plasma CO NO in the severe group were significantly higher than those in the mild group. The CO levels showed a positive correlation with NO levels. Conclusion The levels of endogenous CO NO have great significance in ALI.


Decision makers are increasingly being faced with the necessity of considering the relevant attitudes of various publics. This paper describes a method by which these attitudes may be measured. The model has the feature of synthesizing the cognitive and evaluative components underlying attitude in a fashion that preserves the distinction between them.

Preliminary results are reported of an application of this model, using a revised measuring instrument, to attitudes toward five different types of energy systems. The sample was a heterogenous group of 224 respondents residing in various parts of Austria. Results from this sample of the general public are reported only for attitudes towards nuclear power; they are generally consistent with the pilot study. A factor analysis of the beliefs underlying this attitude suggested four basic belief factors: beliefs about psychological risks, about economic and technological benefits, about socio-political risks and about environmental and physical risks.


The 21-cm atomic Hydrogen (H I ) line is often used by astronomers to study outermost regions of galactic discs (e.g., [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]). Marking the continuous bound-ary between galactic discs and their surrounding en-vironments, measured rotation H I curves can be used to probe the properties of the dark matter halos within which galaxies are thought to reside. Within the disc, H I observations are useful in studying the gaseous con-tent of galaxies as well as allowing astronomers to anal-yse the kinematic properties of substructures such as bars, warps, counter-rotating discs, and star-forming spi-ral arms (e.g., [6, 7, 8, 9]). Complementary observations of molecular gas (typically the CO molecule) can reveal the interplay between these gas phases and allows astronomers to build a more complete kinematic profile of galaxies. H I , typically being largely extended, allows astronomers to trace environmental properties such as ex-tended tidal features and the existence of dwarf com-panions [3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12], whereas CO is typically more centrally located within galactic discs, allowing astronomers to get a handle on the influence of central black holes on the disc kinematics (e.g., results from the mm- W ave I nterferometric S urvey of D ark O bject M asses –WISDOM– project). The study of H I with adequate spatial and spectral resolution, requires the use of interferometers. Current state of the art collect raw data prod-ucts of enormous and generation interferometers are hundreds firmly .


Methanol volatilization in the production of vitamin C from each emission node was estimated based on investigation and analysis of major vitamin C production facilities as well as methanol emission nodes including the fermentation process,centrifugal exhaust,rectification tower exhaust and tank breathing.The analysis was based on data from pharmaceutical associations and the National Bureau of Statistics,the use of material balance principle in production processes and China petrochemical empirical formulas.An annual methanol emissions inventory of typical pharmaceutical production facilities in China was established from 2007 to 2011.The results showed that methanol volatilization was 4.25t/103t in esterification reactions,3.36t/103t in centrifugal exhaust,0.63t/103 t in rectification tower exhaust and 0.35t/103t in tank breathing.The main two emission nodes producing methanol were the esterification reaction and centrifugal exhaust,which accounted for 50% and 39% of the total volatilization loss,respectively.The annual methanol volatilization from 2007 to 2011 in ten vitamin C pharmaceutical production facilities was relatively high,and the total volatilization of major production facilities reached more than 1000 tons in recent years.


A comparative examination of preinsulated district heating pipes blown with carbon dioxide and cyclopentane has shown that it can be expected that the effect of carbon dioxide as insulating gas will cease after approximately 10 years, whereas cyclopentane will act as insulating gas throughout the entire service life of the preinsulated pipes, which is defined as 30 years. This is the main result of a project where a calculation model was developed to predetermine the changes in the composition of cellular gases in preinsulated pipes. The results will enable users to estimate the cost effectiveness in using one blowing agent in their pipe system instead of another.


The New Historical Reading of Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby has been talked about in the essay.The author argues that the novel circulates one of the dominant discourses of the period in which it was written: the discourse of the self-made man,which held that any poor boy in America,if he had the right personal qualities,could rise to the top of the financial world.At the same time,The Great Gatsby embodies one of the central contradictions of the discourse of the self-made man: although this discourse claims to open the annals of American history to all those who have the ambition and perseverance required to make their mark,the discourse is permeated by the desire to escape history,to transcend the historical realities of time,place,and human Limitation.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the quality of Chrysanthemi Flos before and after sulfur-fumigation by analysis of HPLC fingerprints.

METHODS
RP-HPLC method was applied to establish the chromatographic fingerprint. The separation was performed on a Waters C, (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) column with a gradient elution composed of acetonitrile-aqueous solution containing 0.5% phosphoric acid. The column temperature was 35 degrees C, the detective wavelength was set at 268 nm.

RESULTS
Eleven batches of Chrysanthemi Flos samples composed of both sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated were analyzed and evaluated respectively. The method of clustering analysis was used, and the chromatographic fingerprint common pattern was finally established.

CONCLUSION
The HPLC fingerprint method is reliable and suitable for quality evaluation of Chrysanthemi Flos before and after sulfur-fumigation.


................................................................................................................ ..ii DEDICATION .............................................................................................................. .iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................. ..v TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... .vi LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER I DIAGENETIC EVOLUTION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PETROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE JURASSIC SMACKOVER FORMATION THROMBOLITE AND GRAINSTONE UNITS OF LITTLE CEDAR CREEK FIELD, ALABAMA.. ......................................................................... ...1 I.1 Synopsis ....................................................................................................... 1 I.2 Introduction ................................................................................................... 3 I.3 Geologic Setting ............................................................................................ 5 I.4 Methods ........................................................................................................ 8 I.5 Results ........................................................................................................ 11 I.6 Discussion ................................................................................................... 35 I.7 Conclusions ................................................................................................. 38 CHAPTER II PORE GEOMETRY AND PETROPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE UPPER JURASSIC SMACKOVER FORMATION THROMBOLITE RESERVOIRS IN SOUTHWESTERN ALABAMA .................................................................................................................. ..40 II.1 Synopsis .................................................................................................... 40 II.2 Introduction ................................................................................................ 41 II.3 Geological Setting ...................................................................................... 42 II.4 Methods ..................................................................................................... 45 II.5 Results ....................................................................................................... 47 II.6 Discussion .................................................................................................. 62 II.7 Conclusions ................................................................................................ 65 CHAPTER III PORE TYPE CHARACTERIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION IN CARBONATE RESERVOIRS .................................................. ..66 III.1 Synopsis.................................................................................................... 66 III.2 Introduction ............................................................................................... 67 III.3 Methods .................................................................................................... 79


In many regions of the world, energy providers attempt to smooth energy demand during the day by employing time-of-use tariffs. This study considers dispatching rules for scheduling operations in a multi-machine job shop that operates under time-of-use tariffs, with dual performance objectives of minimizing the mean tardiness of completed jobs, as well as total energy cost. A number of new dispatching rules designed for the energy objectives are tested alongside other traditional dispatching rules on test problem instances. Results show that the new energy-oriented rules tend to perform better in balancing satisfaction of the two conflicting objectives, in comparison to rules such as the shortest processing time (SPT) and cost-over-time (COVERT), which generally exhibit good performance for mean tardiness in job shop environments.


A major problem facing planners and policy-makers concerned with resources management in Britain is how to provide for more effective participation of the public in decision making process. The present procedures are criticized for three main reasons: only economic factors are considered; consultation with the public is used very late in the planning process; policy-makers sometimes fail to explain which factors have been taken into account. Evidence presented to the Select Committee on Scottish Affairs, and recent experience with respect to the planning of highways, airports, and construction of facilities for oil production have clearly shown that the present approach is inadequate. This paper reviews evidence presented to the committee as to perceptions of various groups of the appropriate uses of the Scottish countryside, and attitudes as to the appropriate note of the public in policy-making. It describes two experiments in public participation undertaken in North America and offers a number of suggestions of studies that might be carried out to determine possible improvements in the public consultation process in Scotland. /TRRL/


Sorption data of europium on illite were interpreted by a multisite sorption model. The model parameters were derived from the independent titration and sorption experiments. The modelling results demonstrated that the multi-site model combining the Surface Complexation (SC) and the Ion Exchange (IE) mechanisms explains the experimental data well. A significant observation was that the specific sorption, apart from the ion exchange, played an important role on the surface of illite. The acidity constants fitted from the titration data were logifinl(+) = 5.05 and logA",",(—) = —7.56 for the positive and negative surfaces respectively. The surface complexation constant of Eu on illite edge sites was determined to be log" K,"t = 2.13. Selectivity coefficients %"aKc measured were not constant but dependent on background sodium concentration. Moreover, a proton exchange reaction on layer sites was postulated to interpret the observed pH dependent sorption in the low pH range.


Commercial wines (247 samples) from different Spanish Denomination of Origin (D.O.) and from three consecutive vintages were analyzed. Stepwise discriminant analyses (SDA) were applied to the differentiation and classification of young red and rose wines by geographic origin. Good discriminant models with a small number of variables were obtained. These models gave high percentages of correct classification and prediction for both red (84.6% and 76.7%) and rose wines (87.7% and 82.6%). The variables with greater discriminating power were the phenolic compounds and the chromatic parameters. The discriminant models obtained to differentiate wines from D.O. "Ribera del Duero" were adequate with percentages of classification and prediction around 98%. So, these wines have some characteristics that differentiate them from the wines from other D.O.


The lithological composition and lineaments plays a significant role in landslide activities over mountain slope. In the present study of the Shivkhola Watershed, Darjeeling Himalaya, the existence of lineaments in seven lithological groups and their varying response to atmospheric processes have made the concerned study area more vulnerable to landslip. The lithological map of Shivkhola Watershed was collected from Geological Survey of India (GSI) and it was incorporated with landslide inventory map to assess the landslide potentiality for each lithological unit. The lineament map was extracted with the help of remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) and it was also compared with distribution of landslides. The study revealed that the potentialities of landslides in the Shivkhola Watershed are closely associated with fragile lithological composition and high intensity lineaments.


The assessment was made to determine whether the election complied with the OSCE commitments, as well as with legislation of the Republic of Belarus. This statement of preliminary findings and conclusions is delivered prior to the completion of the election process. The final assessment of the election will depend, in part, on the conduct of the remaining stages of the election process, including the tabulation and announcement of results, and the handling of possible post-election day complaints and appeals. The OSCE/ODIHR will issue a comprehensive final report, including recommendations for potential improvements, some eight weeks after the completion of the election process. The OSCE PA will present its report at its Winter Meeting in Vienna on 24 25 February 2011.


Results of an analysis of hull response data for a large bulk carrier are summarized. The data were obtained through an onboard hull strength monitoring system. The purpose of installing such a system is to provide the navigator with information on which to base his judgments concerning heavy weather ship operation and maneuvering. Response data on midship deck stress and bow acceleration, gathered during a two-year test period, are analyzed as to the relation between hull response and speed loss in rough seas. For the bulk carrier, that loss ratio is found to be fairly large compared with that for a containership or pure car carrier.


We developed printed In-Ga-Zn-O (IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) by delivering droplets of a precursor solution using a picoliter fluidic dispensing system. Intensely pulsed white light (IPWL) was then used to sinter the printed deposits. From one to six drops, ring-like deposits with similar dimensions were formed; however, the morphologies and thicknesses of the deposits depended strongly on the droplet number. As the droplet number increased, the thickness of the IGZO thin film increased and the pile-up region at the periphery of the deposit gradually expanded. The electrical properties of the droplet-based IGZO TFT were strongly dependent on the droplet number and displayed the highest electron mobility and bias stability at three drops, which yielded good deposit thickness values both in the center and in the periphery regions of the ring-like deposits. These results will be useful for enhancing the electrical properties of TFTs based on printed IGZO films for use in the low-cost/flexible switching devices in display technologies.


A screening method based on senescent leaves and dormant bud scales was developed to predict flower color among segregating seedling populations of Rhododendron Japonicum (Gray) Suringar.


Background: The number of elderly people in Sweden is constantly increasing. Depressive symptoms like anxiety, loss of sleep, and feelings of hopelessness are common amongst elderly people. In Swed ...


Analysis on the characteristics of EPC system network industry show that,the talent demand of EPC system network specialty mainly can be divided into three types:electron equipment technology and CMOS chip design technology,computer internet and communication and system integration and application.Therefore,the talent cultivation of EPC system network specialty can be implemented in four directions:EPC system network perception equipment,EPC system network communication,EPC system network development and integration and EPC system network management and serving,and its specialty construction should pay attention to uniqueness of specialty,diversity of cultivation objectives and interaction of curriculum system and professional posts.


The last ten years have witnessed the reemergence of fears of judicial power among scholars on the left. This renewed "Anti‐Court" movement includes the minimalism of Cass Sunstein, the popular constitutionalism of Mark Tushnet and Larry Kramer, and the bipartisan judicial restraint of Jeffrey Rosen. This essay traces the origin, development, and implications of this movement, noting its particular ties to historic trends in the academy: the Legal Process School, critical theory, and the positivist work of Gerald Rosenberg and Michael Klarman. The essay also considers the movement's preference for majoritarian politics—a partiality borne of dissatisfaction with the Rehnquist Court, but also, conversely, recognition of the failures of conservative attempts at policy making. The essay concludes by considering the ambitions of these scholars to develop a truly apolitical theory of judicial power. In light of the furious debate over the purported "minimalism" of John Roberts, severing theory from politics may prove impossible.


The arrested landing process of carrier-based aircraft is generally considered to be a period when accidents occur most frequently.Therefore,arrested deck-landing dynamics has been one of the focuses of research both at home and abroad ever since the appearance of aircraft carriers and carrier-based aircraft.The key problems and the research status of carrier-based aircraft arresting systems are discussed in detail from the three important aspects:the arresting hook,arresting devices and landing gear.The emphasis is placed on an analysis of the hook bounce dynamics,cable dynamics and the arresting system dynamics as well as the load of the arresting hook and arresting cable,the influence of the sinking velocity and the asymmetric arresting on the landing gear.In addition,prospects in future arrested deck-landing dynamics research are proposed.


Aim: Mental health literacy about psychotic disorders, specifically schizophrenia, may assist in appropriate help seeking and early intervention, preventing the exacerbation of symptoms and improving health outcomes in the medium and long term. The aim of this study was to characterize the level of mental health literacy of Portuguese youth concerning schizophrenia. Methods: A mental health literacy questionnaire was administered to a random sample of Portuguese youth aged 14-24 years. This questionnaire evaluated the following components: recognition of disorders, knowledge about professionals and treatments available, knowledge about the effectiveness of self-help strategies, knowledge and skills to support and providing first-aid to others, and knowledge of how to prevent mental disorders. Results: 4938 youths participated in the study. Schizophrenia or psychosis was recognized by ??%. Most young people recognized the potential helpfulness of family doctors, psychologists, psychiatrists, and mental health services. There was also widespread belief in the potential helpfulness of family and friends, and lifestyle changes. However, teachers were not generally seen as a source of help. Appropriate mental health first aid strategies were commonly endorsed, but there was a reluctance to ask about suicidal feelings and many endorsed speaking to the person firmly. Lifestyle factors were also commonly believed to be preventative. Conclusions: While many Portuguese youth have beliefs that may assist early intervention, there was a substantial minority who did not. Given the central role of teachers in the lives of young people, it is notable that they were not seen as a potential source of help. Mental health first aid skills of young people also need improvement.


and tolerated regimen for myeloma patients. British Journal of Haematology, 137, 268–269. Reece, D.E., Rodriguez, G.P., Chen, C., Trudel, S., Kukreti, V., Mikhael, J., Pantoja, M., Xu, W. & Stewart, A.K. (2008) Phase I-II trial of bortezomib plus oral cyclophosphamide and prednisone in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 26, 4777–4783. van der Spek, E., Bloem, A.C., Lokhorst, H.M., van Kessel, B., BogersBoer, L. & van de Donk, N.W. (2009) Inhibition of the mevalonate pathway potentiates the effects of lenalidomide in myeloma. Leukemia Research, 33, 100–108. de Weerdt, O., van de Donk, N.W., Veth, G., Bloem, A.C., Hagenbeek, A. & Lokhorst, H.M. (2001) Continuous low-dose cyclophosphamide-prednisone is effective and well tolerated in patients with advanced multiple myeloma. Netherlands Journal of Medicine, 59, 50–56.


Trout Point 1 on Grand Island, Michigan has been excavated and analyzed without an adequate explanation of the prehistoric activities at the site. A CONFUSING artifact assemblage of almost entirely lithic material and fire-cracked rock was recovered from this cliff-top site. The final excavation report of Trout Point 1 states that the flaked stone, found in association with fire-cracked rock in the block excavation of the site, showed little if any signs of exposure to fire. The conclusion drawn after the excavation was that the artifact deposit at the site represented a midden where fire-cracked rock was dumped as well as a possible flaking station for stone tools (Benchley et al. 1988). This paper deals with the hypothesis that quartzite cobbles were being heat treated at the Trout Point 1 site on Grand Island, Michigan as a primary stage in stone tool manufacture. The data produced by this study resulted from heating and flintknapping experiments carried out on quartzite material from the same source as the Trout Point 1 lithic assemblage. Experiment results, coupled with archaeological literature used for comparative analysis, demonstrate that Trout Point 1 was a heat-treatment and lithic manufacturing station during the Late Archaic period in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.


In order to quantify the failure consequences of oil and gas pipelines,we have constructed a generic event tree model for the pipeline safety control based on a literature review and expertise evaluation idea.Since it is hard to acquire sufficient quantitative results by traditional event tree analysis due to the lack of enough pipeline accident statistical data used as the precise data of basic events,in this paper,we would like to propose an approach to combining the fuzzy set theory and the expertise evaluation in hoping to quantify the accident-incidence probability of the basic events.What we want to achieve is an aggregated method for integrating different experts' opinions into a data system and provide enough data for the experts to reach a consensus and then to offer a corresponding output represented by a crisp probability score,which can then be transformed into a form of probability analysis result.And,afterwards,for ease of analysis,we have worked out different types of probabilities,such as fuzzy probability,exact probability,approximate probability,etc,which are obtained by various ways likely to be converted into a unified data expression.In our method,the ZFN should be taken as the unified standard for its simple algebraic operations and easy conversion from other types of probabilities.And,as it follows,based on the event tree analysis for oil and gas pipeline,the equations for calculating fuzzy probabilities of failure consequences are provided,with the calculated fuzzy possibility of pipeline failure consequence being defuzzified through the area defuzzification method to acquire a deterministic probability value.And,finally,the contribution of different subsequent events to the overall outcome probability can be evaluated by fuzzy importance index(FII) to identify the critical events in the said event tree.At the same time,fuzzy uncertainty index(FUI) can be used to identify the basic nature of the event whose uncertainty of incidence probability may contribute significantly to the uncertainty of the total consequential probability of the fuzzy events.In addition,proper importance-ranking of the events involved by their FII and FUI can also provide reference to make risk-relieving decisions.It can therefore be predicted that the proposed method shall be further proven by more valuable applications.


A new model——the time_dependent poisson process is put forward, and the property of truncated poisson process with time_dependent intensity together with the distribution of poisson's point are obtained.


The properties of kernels, grains and seeds are important in the development of equipment for transportation, handling and processing. Physical and mechanical properties of Gmelina arborea where experimentally determined. The moisture content of Gmelina arborea was determined as 41.30%wb. The major, minor and intermediate diameters were 18.16 ± 1.79 mm, 10.52 ± 0.93 mm and 9.40 ± 0.81 mm respectively. The geometric and arithmetic mean diameter were calculated as 12.12 ± 1.10 and 9.56 ± 0.90 mm respectively. The sphericity was 66.91%, aspect ratio, 58.19, bulk and true densities, 0.64 kg/m3 and 0.96 kg/m3 respectively. The porosity and mass of a 1000 seeds were 66.67% and 621.33g respectively. The coefficient of friction determined on four different surfaces were; on wood, 0.4 ± 0.7, on galvanized steel, 0.37 ± 0.6, on glass, 0.36 ± 0.4 and on aluminum, 0.34 ± 0.6. The angle of repose was 24.09o. The compressive test conducted on the three major axes; vertical, horizontal and transverse shows that the energy needed for cracking of the Gmelina arborea is least on the horizontal axis, 0.808 ± 0.19 kN, followed by the vertical axis, 1.496 ± 0.35 kN and then the transverse axis, 2.39 ± 0.20 kN, with corresponding stress as 1.52 ± 0.35, 2.90 ± 0.45 and 4.90 ± 0.44 MPa respectively.


54 CONTINUOUS DRILLING OF VERTICAL OTHER PUBLICATIONS BOREHOLES BY THERMAL PROCESSES INCLUDING ROCK SPALLATION AND Browning et al., "Recent Advances in Flame-jet Working of FUSION Minerals," 7th Symp. Rock Mech., Pennsylvania State Univ., University 1 J.A. Browning et al., Recent Advances 75 Inventors: Robert M. Potter, Los Alamos, N. in Park (1965). Mex.; Jefferson W. Tester, Hingham, J.J. Calaman et al., "Technical Advances Expand Use of Mass. Jet-Piercing Process in Taconite Industry," Int. Symp. Min ing Res., Univ. of Missouri, Columbia (1961). 73 Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Rauenzahn et al., "Flame-jet Induced Thermal Spallation as Technology, Cambridge, Mass. a Method of Rapid Drilling and Cavity Formation," Proc. 60th Assn. Tech. Conf. and Exhibition, Sox Petrol. Eng. 21 Appl. No.: 445,330 paper 14331, Las Vegas, NV (1985).


Blattella bisignata (Brunner) and B. germanica (L.) are oviparous cockroaches with cyclic reproductive behaviour, but in B. germanica only males show circadian rhythmicity of locomotion at 28°C and DD (constant darkness). In B. bisignata, males and virgin females cockroaches entrained by light–dark cycles show free‐running rhythmicity in DD, and most activities occur during the subjective night. Daily locomotor activities of virgin females show cyclic changes that coincided with ovarian development. Virgin females also exhibit calling behaviour during the subjective night, and this shows a free‐running rhythm. Male mate‐finding locomotion and female calling behaviour are under circadian control, so the timing for both behaviours is synchronized. However, most mated females do not show a locomotor free‐running rhythm under DD conditions. Our results indicate that only mated females could not express a circadian locomotor rhythm. Pregnancy reduces a female's locomotory intensity and masks the expression of a circadian locomotor rhythm. We attribute the differences in circadian locomotory rhythms between these two species to their living environments and mate‐finding strategies.


To establish an efficient 2-DE protocol for proteomic method of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),the conditions were compared and optimized,including the sample preparation,IEF,appropriate strips,staining reagent and treatment.The results showed that the high resolving and repeatable 2-DE images were obtained with 200 μg of PRRSV protein samples which was treated consecutively with lysate buffer,frozen-thaw for four times,sonicated for 5 min,purified by 2-D Clean-up kit,and subjected to 2-DE separation under suitable electrophoresis parameters and visualized by silver-staining for 6 min.This study would facilitate future study on proteome and immunoprotein of highly pathogenic PRRSV.


Methanolic extract of Phaleria macrocarpa fruits was evaluated for the anti-hypertensive and antihyperglycaemic capacity. For a period of three weeks, 18 male young Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats (SHR) were divided into three experimental groups and received commercial rat pellets as their maintenance diet. At the same duration, SHR in Group 1 received 2 ml/kg/day of distilled water and served as a negative control. Meanwhile, SHR in Group 2 and Group 3 received 0.5 mg/kg/day of Telmisartan (positive control) and 500 mg/kg/day P. macrocarpa fruits methanolic extract, respectively. Bodyweight, arterial blood pressure and blood glucose were measured on a weekly basis. All SHR showed significant increased (p 0.05) between groups. Blood pressure and blood glucose significantly decreased (p<0.05) in SHR treated with Telmisartan and P. macrocarpa compared to negative control. These results lead us to conclude that P. macrocarpa fruits methanolic extract exhibit anti-hypertensive and antihyperglycaemic activities.


Small angle neutron diffraction experiments are analyzed using recently developed and properly generalized one-field effective free energy method. In the case of experiment of Keimer et al on YBCO, we show that the fourfold symmetry of the underlying crystal is explicitly broken, but the reflection with respect to the [110] and [1\={1}0] axes remains a symmetry. The vortex lattice also becomes generally oblique instead of rectangular body centered. Unexpectedly rich phase diagram is described.


AIM
The objective of this paper is to show an alternative use of an Essix based appliance in the treatment of anterior single-tooth crossbite malocclusion in a patient with Nickel allergy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Anterior crossbite malocclusion of one or more teeth, without posterior crossbite association, is a relatively frequent condition both in the mixed and the permanent dentition. This kind of malocclusion is usually treated with either fixed or removable appliances. The use of preformed Essix appliances could be an alternative to traditional removable and fixed orthodontic devices in patients with Nickel allergy as well as in every patient.

RESULTS
The treatment was successfully completed in 12 weeks, the anterior single tooth crossbite was corrected using three full arch Essix-based appliances planned on the set-up casting, providing a gradual vestibular movement. Patient compliance was requested in order to provide the planned dental movement.

CONCLUSION
The Essix appliance can be successfully used to correct a single-tooth crossbite even in allergic subjects in a short time with patient cooperation.


The effects of the particle size of SnO2 and glass on the densification behavior, the microstructure and the electrical properties of SnO2-glass composites were examined. Moreover, the relationship between the electrical properties of the glass composites and the particle dispersion of SnO2 in a glass matrix was discussed following quantitative analysis of SnO2 particle dispersion by computer-assisted image analysis on SEM photographs. The results are summarized as follows: (1) when coarse grained SnO2 particles were used, the densification of the glass composites proceeded at low firing temperatures. Therefore, the use of coarse SnO2 particles was useful to get the glass composite having a high electrical conductivity and a small negative temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) at low firing temperatures. However, after the completion of densification, the glass composite prepared using fine SnO2 particles showed a higher electrical conductivity and a smaller negative TCR because SnO2 particles were more highly crowded in a glass matrix and thus the SnO2 interparticle spacings were smaller than those of the sample dispersed with coarse SnO2 particles. (2) when fine glass particles were used, the densification of the glass composites proceeded at low firing temperatures and the particle dispersion of SnO2 in a glass matrix was homogeneous. Besides, the glass composite prepared using fine glass particles showed a high electrical conductivity and a small negative TCR at low firing temperatures. On the other hand, at high firing temperature, the glass composite having a higher conductivity and a smaller negative TCR was obtained when coarse glass particles were used, because the densely aggregated SnO2 particles formed highly conductive networks in a glass matrix.


This paper is aimed to alleviate the water pollution and evaluate the water quality of Chanba River downstream with the use of standard index law. For the river pollution control and the reduction of pollution sources, the river is divided into five functional areas and a water quality model, which calculates the water environment capacity (WEC) of Chanba River downstream by using a one-dimensional model, is built based on the characteristics of different areas. The results show that: the organic pollution of Chanba River downstream is serious, its chemical oxygen demand (COD) is 3461 t/a and ammonia-nitrogen is 164 t/a. This research results provide a reference for management and total control of water environment in the downstream of Chanba River.


Frequency jamming is known as an efficient attack tool to disrupt wireless communication. This efficiency can also be exploited for the benefit of a network-an idea often referred to as friendly jamming. A prominent application case is the blocking of unauthenticated or malicious communication, such as injection attacks. In this paper, we propose access points as a natural place to implement friendly jamming functionality. We analyze this proposal using simulations, introduce an implementation on customer-grade access points, and report measurement results from the first real-world study of friendly jamming in an IEEE 802.11 campus network. We discover a fundamental tradeoff between the effectiveness of friendly jamming and the orthogonal aspect of having minimal side-effects to the campus network's traffic. In particular, we observed what we call the power amplification phenomenon. This effect aggravates the known hidden station problem when the number of jammers increases. We also find evidence that the collaboration between jammers can enable friendly jamming, which is both effective and minimally invasive.


Eating Disorders Evidence Based Treatment for Eating Disorders: Children, Adolescents and Adults Ida F Dancyger, Victor M Fornati, editors. New York (NY): Nova Science Publishers, Ine; 2009. 368 p. US$79.00 Reviewer rating: Very Good Although an increasing number of clinicians depend on evidence-based medicine to guarantee that the care they deliver to their patients is of the highest possible quality and is scientifically based, there remain other clinicians who are not in favour of replacing their professional creativity with some form of manual-based or pre-programmed practice. This book has achieved the status of an authoritative reference that has successfully merged evidence- and experience-based approaches to the treatment of eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorders, and obesity. This book addresses 4 major themes: the biopsychosocial basis of eating disorders, the available different treatment modalities and the issue of treatment resistance, evidenceand informed-based approaches to the psychotherapy of eating disorders, and the pharmacological treatment of eating disorders. These themes are addressed in 19 chapters, with each chapter written by one or more international experts, known for their research and experience in their respective fields. Each chapter ends with a clinical vignette that demonstrates, in a clinical situation, the issues discussed in the chapter. The book chapters are generally well written, although, in some chapters, the authors tended to refer to the literature by citing the names of all the authors and coauthors instead of using the formula, the first author et al. As some articles referred to are written by several authors, the reader will be inconvenienced by going through 4 to 5 lines of names on every other page. It was very appropriate and timely to include a chapter on "Evidence-Guided Treatment for Males with Eating Disorders." However, I felt the chapter was not as informative as I would have liked it to be. At the beginning of the chapter, the authors stated that "studies have indicated that males are similar to females in terms of weight control methods, however, other studies revealed more laxative use in male as compared to female eating disorder patients. "p 157 Then at the conclusion of the chapter, the same authors stated that, "Although males seem to use laxatives with less frequency, have less preoccupation with thinness, and are less motivated for therapy . …


The Alouette 2 satellite passed over a stable midlatitude red arc on September 28–29, 1967. The electron temperature was measured at the satellite, and a topside sounder determined the electron density structure to the F2 peak. The data are used to calculate the intensity and extent of the red arc; heat flow into the ionosphere via thermal conduction is considered as the only energy source. The calculated 6300-A emission, photometric structure, height of the peak emission, and position of the arc are in general agreement with the observational data of the Fritz Peak airglow observatory.


Elastic diffuse neutron scattering intensity due to orientational disorder in NDaCI at room temperature, space group Pm3m, is studied with a single crystal. By a novel 'vertical' energy analysis on the one hand and the 'fiat-cone' technique on the other, the intensity is obtained in a large three-dimensional region of reciprocal space in a reasonable time. The data are analysed with short-range-order and interaction-potential parameters. The two parameter sets are consistent. Local chlorine displacements of 0.16 A, along (111) directions are determined. Introduction Ammonium chloride [lattice constant a = 3.873 A, at 300 K (Teh & Brockhouse, 1973)] shows at room temperature a disordered/3 phase (CsCI type, Pm3m) with respect to the orientation of the ammonium tetrahedra (Levy & Peterson, 1952). The tetrahedra have two statistically distributed equilibrium orientations in the halide lattice with D atoms situated on space diagonals. Between nearest-neighbour ammonium molecules there exists a direct octopoleoctopole interaction which prefers parallel ordering, and an indirect coupling via neighbour C1 ions (octopole-dipole-octopole) preferring antiparallel ordering (Seymour, 1971; Hiiller, 1972). Below the /3-7 phase transition at 249 K (CsCI type, PF13m), the ammonium groups are ordered parallel. The orientational disorder as well as local displacements of CI atoms give rise to diffuse scattering. Two-dimensional diffuse neutron scattering data have been presented (McKenzie & Seymour, 1975). Diffuse intensity maxima occur at the F point (zone centre) and at the M point (zone boundary in the (011) direction). At the phase transition the scattering behaves critically at the F point. We present in this paper results from threedimensional diffuse scattering data which give detailed information about local chlorine displacements and short-range orientational correlations. The problem arises to fit a large number of parameters to rather weak intensities, compared with Bragg data. So we have to collect a complete set of diffuse scattering intensity in a reasonable time. We have solved this problem by combining the method of vertical energy analysis (Born & Hohlwein, 1989) with the fiat-cone technique (Hohlwein, Hoser & Prandl, 1986). Elastic diffuse scattering from ND4C! The disordered phase of Nd4C1 can be described with an Ising model. The two possible orientations of an ammonium ion are related to a positive or a negative spin direction. The librational frequency (8THz, quite broad at room temperature but well defined at To) is much higher than the reorientational frequencies (0.001 THz at Tc and certainly below 0.01 THz at room temperature) of the ammonium group (Teh & Brockhouse, 1973; T6pler, Richter & Springer, 1978). The reorientational movement gives rise to a quasielastic energy broadening which is however much smaller than our instrumental resolution of 1 THz. Therefore the pseudospins and connected with them the local displacements of the CI atoms can be treated as quasistatic. The Hamiltonian of this Ising system can be written as (McKenzie & Seymour, 1975) H = HL+ HIL+ HI, (1) where HL describes the lattice dynamics, HtL is related to the interaction between the lattice and the pseudospins, and H~ is the usual Ising interaction H, = ~ v,,crtcrr (2) l,r where vu, is the averaged pair interaction potential between ND4 molecules at sites l and l'; crt, trr are the so-called Ising spins with values + 1 ( -1 ) , corresponding to the pseudospin in the ' + ' ( ' ' ) orientation. 0021-8898/89/060613-07503.00 O 1989 International Union of Crystallography 614 ORIENTATIONAL DISORDER IN AMMONIUM CHLORIDE The diffuse scattered intensity is given by ld,rr=lF+--F-12~, (trttrr)exp{iq(rl-rr)}, (3) I1' where q = Q x [ Q = 2 7 r / a ( h , k,l), x=reciprocal lattice vector], F ÷~-) are the structure factors of a unit cell with pseudospin in ' + ' ( ' ' ) orientation, incorporating displacements of surrounding CI atoms as described below. (Icr(q)12)-X (o'to'r) exp { iq(rt rr)} (4) II' is the Fourier transform of the spin fluctuations or orientational correlations of the ND4 tetrahedra and is periodic in reciprocal space. Then (3) can be written as ldiff = IF + F-I=(Icr(q)12). (5) The correlation parameters (trOt) are proportional to the well known Warren-Cowley short-range-order parameters a n,, usually used to describe correlations in alloys. They can be defined as (Warren, 1969) air = 1-p+( l ) /c + (6) with the concentration of + pseudospins c ÷ = 0.5 and with the probability p+(l) that there is a + -oriented tetrahedron at site l if the origin in l' is occupied by a pseudospin with opposite direction. Positive (negative) values of a , , mean preference of parallel (antiparallel) order. For a random distribution a u, is zero, with the exception of au-1 which is the Laue term. In an extended mean-field theory (Brout, 1965), the Fourier transform of the spin density fluctuations can be written as (I,~(q)l ~) = [ 1 v ( q ) / k s T ] ' , (7) where ka = Boltzmann factor, T = temperature and v(q) is the Fourier transform of the pair interaction potential v(q) = E vn, exp { iq( r l r r )} (8) I1' with interaction parameters vw. The parameters vu, can be put into a relation with the electrostatic pair potentials between the ND4 octopoles and the indirect interaction via an induced dipole at the chlorine position (McKenzie & Seymour, 1975). Because we have found no considerable changes in the vu,, compared with the work of McKenzie & Seymour, this point will not be discussed further. M o d e l for local chlor ine d i sp lacements The diffuse scattering due to orientational disorder without correlation but with local displacements of the CI atoms is described by the term IF ÷ F-I 2 in (3) and (5). We now introduce a vector e u' which describes the quasistatic displacements o fa Cl atom at site I relative to the averaged Cl lattice, if there is an ammonium ion with spin trr at site l'. Then the actual position of a CI atom is r t = d l + E i r , where dl is a vector in the unit cell related to the averaged reference lattice. We will consider only the displacements of the nextneighbour C1 atoms of an ammonium ion at site l'. In order to get the structure factor of the unit cell containing l', all neighbour CI atoms which are displaced by e n, have to be taken into consideration. We sum the scattering amplitudes of the eight CI atoms surrounding the site l' and normalize it to one unit cell: 8 F ± = ~ Tcl~ exp{iQ(d,+el,,)} / = 1 4 + To • exp {+iQxj}+ TN, (9) j = l where the upper (lower) sign corresponds to t r r= + 1 ( -1 ) , xj is the position vector of D atom j, T~ = b~ exp {-BiQ2/(47r) 2} (bi = scattering length, Bi = temperature factor of atom i). For the difference we get 4 I F + F-I =~Tcl ~'. [sin Q ( d t + e u , ) s i n Q ( d l e l r ) ] I = l 4 + 2 To E sin Qxj. (10) j = l We define / d i s , = IF + F-I 2. ( 11 ) ldist describes the diffuse intensity due to uncorrelated orientational disorder of ND4 ions including small displacements of next-neighbour CI atoms. Along (111) directions the D ions can be on either the upper or lower site of the N atom. So we assume displacements err of C1 atoms in these directions. Depending on the distance C1-D, four of the eight CI atoms are displaced towards the centre and four of them in the opposite direction (Fig. 1) with respect to the averaged lattice. In this model (10) can be written as IF + F-[ = To[sin Q(dl~ + e l l t ) s i n Q(d~ l l etl l) +s in Q(dil l eh i ) s i n Q(dil l + e h l ) + sin Q(dii~ + ~ ii~) sin Q(diT1 e ill) + sin Q(d lh e ~h) sin Q(d th + e ~i~)] 4 + 2 To E sin Qxj, (12) j = l where dt~ is the coordinate (origin at the N atom) of a C1 atom at site 111 and Z~l is a displacement along (111). The length of the displacement vectors is assumed to be constant and equal to e. R. BORN, D. HOHLWEIN AND G. ECKOLD 615 The total diffuse intensity is ldis,<l~(q)l 2) where (Io'(q)[ 2) has lattice periodicity. In the (hkk) plane, the latter function has maxima for h = 1, 2, 3 , . . . and k= 1/2, 1, 3 / 2 , . . . , w h i c h are F and M points as described in the Introduction. The multiplication with Id~st changes the relative intensities of the maxima as shown in Fig. 2. The size of the displacements can be determined with high sensitivity only in some specific Brillouin zones. Experimental In the experiments a single crystal with a volume of 1 c m 3 and a degree of deuteration of 0.9 was used. The crystal was mounted with a (071) axis vertical. To determine the quasistatic chlorine displacements we measured elastic diffuse scattering at specific points in different Brillouin zones at the UNIDAS triple-axis spectrometer of the FRJ2reactor in Jiilich using a wavelength of 1.55 ~ . Measurements concerning the short-range order were done at the BERII reactor in Berlin, using the R1 diffractometer at a wavelength of 2-4 A. This instrument is equipped with a curved 400-channel position-sensitive detector (wire distance 0.2 ° , radius 1500 mm). For pure elastic or inelastic scattering we have installed a flat analyser crystal just in front of the detector in such a way that neutrons scattered from the sample will be reflected out of the horizontal plane into the multicounter. We call this 'vertical energy analysis' (Fig. 3). The advantage of this technique is the simultaneous energy analysis in a large and continuous angular range 20~ (Born & Hohlwein, 1989). One flat analyser covers a scattering-angle range of 8 ° . Elastic diffuse scattering can be measured by setting the analyser crystals to zero energy transfer. In our problem, the diffuse intensity is distributed over a large range in reciprocal space, whereas inelastic contributions due to acoustic phonons are of the same order of magnitude only close to Bragg peaks. So an


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to investigate colonisation by periodontopathic bacteria and the sites of colonisation in elderly upper and lower complete denture wearers. We also investigated the relationship between level of oral hygiene and colonisation by periodontopathic bacteria.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty edentulous and 37 dentate volunteers participated in this study. Samples were collected from whole saliva, and levels of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia and Fusobacterium nucleatum were determined by PCR Invader technology. Detection of these species on oral mucosal and denture surfaces was performed by PCR. Fisher's exact test was used for the statistical analysis. Cluster analysis was employed to investigate trends in the periodontopathic bacteria flora in each sampling area.

RESULTS
Detection rates of periodontopathic bacteria in whole saliva were lower under edentulous conditions than under dentulous conditions, except for A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum (p < 0.01). Detection rate of F. nucleatum was the highest in all areas. A positive correlation was observed between DNA quantification of P. gingivalis and number of Candida species in saliva. Cluster analysis of the test species identified two clusters. Tongue-coating status was associated with the detection rate of all periodontopathic bacteria investigated, and denture plaque status was associated with the detection rate of T. denticola and F. nucleatum.

CONCLUSION
Results indicate the presence of periodontopathic bacteria under edentulous conditions and that the status of oral hygiene of the mucosal or denture surfaces affects colonisation by T. denticola and F. nucleatum.


................................................................................................................................. ii Table of contents ................................................................................................................. iii List of figures ......................................................................................................................... v Attestation of Authorship ...................................................................................................vi Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... vii Chapter 1 ................................................................................................................................


MicroRNAs can regulate the transcription of protein‐coding genes associated with the development and progression of cancer. In this study, we explored the potential diagnostic function of exosome miR‐3184‐5p in gastric cancer. This exosome was isolated from the blood samples of 150 patients with gastric cancer and 60 healthy participants. The mean particle size and concentration of serum exosome in the patients with gastric cancer were 104.6 nm (93.97–115.84) and 6.21e+009 particles/ml (5.15e+009–7.12e+009), respectively. miR‐3184‐5p expression was substantially downregulated in the patients with gastric cancer compared with that in the healthy participants. The gastric cancer cell line HGC‐27 was cultured and transfected with the mimic and an inhibitor to overexpress and inhibit miR‐3184‐5p expression. miR‐3184‐5p strongly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion but induced cell apoptosis. Luciferase reporter assay revealed that XBP1 was the target of miR‐3184‐5p. miR‐3184‐5p substantially downregulated the expression of CD44, cyclin D1, MMP2, p65, p‐AKT, and p‐STAT3 but upregulated that of GRP78, IRE1, p‐JNK, and CHOP. Moreover, miR‐3184‐5p cleaved caspase‐12 and inhibited BCL‐2 expression. These results suggested that the downregulation of miR‐3184‐5p in patients with gastric cancer might regulate the AKT, STAT3, and IRE1 pathways to promote the vitality of gastric cancer cells.


Augmented Reality (AR) is regarded as one of the most world-changing technologies of 21st Century. Augmented reality is a technology that superimposes computer-generated images onto a live environment, helping the user to analyze the realworld situation in more detail. AR is used often with laptops, smartphones, and tablets, where digital images and graphics intersect and interact with the real world to enhance the experience. AR is an interactive experience of a real-world environment where the objects that reside in the real world are enhanced by computer-generated perceptual information, sometimes across multiple sensory modalities, including visual, auditory, and haptic. After capturing the input from the devices, the AR application recognizes the target, processes the image, and augments it with pictures, video, and audio to create an illusion that can effectively engage users in a virtual world.AR Technology can change the way we look at the world. Augmented Reality is a perfect blend of the digital world and the physical elements to create an artificial environment. The aim of this research paper is to highlight top technologies and applications of Augmented Reality technology


Snow distribution over the Namco lake area of the Tibetan Plateau M. Li, Y. Ma, Z. Hu, H. Ishikawa, and Y. Oku Cold and Arid Region Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan Received: 19 December 2008 – Accepted: 12 January 2009 – Published: 16 February 2009 Correspondence to: M. Li (firstname.lastname@example.com) Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.


Calophyllum genus oil, extracted from seeds of C. genus plant, can be used as raw materials of biodiesel and also be used as a cooking oil after refining processing. The application of C. genus oil is very extensive, and the research on C. genus oil has raised the attention of the researchers. This paper introduces the distribution characteristics, fruit characteristics, oil characteristics, extraction technology, comprehensive utilization of C. genus plants seeds in China, the problem in the study and utilization of C. genus oils and finally put forward some suggestions, in order to provide reference for the further study of the development and utilization of C. genus plants oil.


Manual inspection has low accuracy in arc magnet's defects detection. Due to different norms in length,width and high arch,it's hard to transfer single-chip for vision defects system accurately. The single-chip selecting system is designed to avoid multi-chip arc magnets' stacking and transferring,and also can adapt different norms.The control system adopted PLC together with a digital-analog module and a high-speed counter module. The system has applied in production site with accurate action,high reliability and efficiency.


I model the behavior of an arbitrageur who is exposed to time-varying liquidity. She is averse to liquidating her position in a bad liquidity state. Therefore, she limits her trading in stocks having high variation in liquidity. In equilibrium, these stocks experience severe mispricing due to reduced arbitrage activity. Consistent with the model, in empirical tests, I find higher mispricing in these stocks. The results are not explained by the level of liquidity or idiosyncratic volatility. Furthermore, the negative relationship between variation in liquidity and returns, documented in prior literature, is absent after accounting for the mispricing due to limited arbitrage.


EUROPEAN EXPANSIONPARIS-- More than 100,000 researchers, mostly from the former East Bloc, become E.U. citizens on 1 May. Can they compete with their better-funded peers in Western Europe?


Hippocrates recommended brevity of speech as a positive and beneficial virtue for a physician1. At the moment, the trend is all the other way. Our traditional aim to treat patients and not just diseases means that we must talk with patients not just to seek vital clues to the diagnosis and contributing causes, but also to explore the patient's personal hopes, fears and priorities, to inform and explain, and to establish trust and rapport. Nobody feels this more strongly than I do. But there is a danger of lengthy com munication becoming a sort of 'sacred cow' never to be criticised as excessive in relation to other work waiting to be done; or in relation to whether or not the patient is listening. A middle-aged secretary told me that before she left hospital, someone (she was not sure who) had talked to her about her newly diagnosed and treated breast cancer for nearly an hour she remembered scarcely a word of it. None of the endless flow of well-meaning but unsolicited information came across to her as being of any special importance. She already had confidence in the care she had received and would have preferred just to go home and get on with her life. In the health columns of popular magazines, readers used to be advised to trust their doctors. Now they are advised not to trust, but to ask numerous questions. Nobody gives any thought to the high price paid for this in terms of denying time to greater needs. If, in the end, as is common, a patient has little intention of doing anything other than accepting a doctor's advice, valuable time is wasted in a sort of slow ritual intended to conform to current slogans. If society demands routine cross-examination of everyone who can offer expert help, then less work gets done, fewer are helped, and waiting lists grow. It seems that not everyone has yet grasped this simple equation. As to the fashionable idea of lengthy counselling or psychological support for almost every kind of shock or stress, it is clearly possible that sometimes this is not only needed, but may also reduce other demands2. However, when carefully compared with much briefer advice and encouragement, there may be no good evidence to support the currently popular view3-7.


In this article it is argued that the attributional literature concerning explanations of poverty is inadequate due to its theoretical presuppositions. It is proposed that a discursive approach is better able to withstand criticism and contribute to a more adequate understanding of poverty accounts. Some examples are given of how a discursive approach might work in practice.


To identify the relationship between drinking and smoking behavior and delinquent behaviors of high school boys in Taegu, the study was performed from April to May, 1995. Study population were selected by cluster sampling method and total 3,765 students replied to the self-administered questionnaire survey(1,382 in general high school, 2,383 in vocational high school).
The major findings were as follows;
Drinking and smoking behavior(both present drinking and smoking, either present drinking or smoking, never drinking and smoking) were related significantly with delinquent behaviors( daily life problem behaviors, delinquency related behaviors, other drug abuse).
The students who had both present drinking and smoking behavior were more inclined to commit delinquent behaviors when compared with students who had either present drinking or smoking behavior. The students who had either present drinking or smoking behavior were more inclined to commit delinquent behaviors when compared with students who had never experienced drinking and smoking.
In multiple logistic regression analysis for delinquent behaviors, second grade students, general high school students, parents' indifference, higher school grades, punished friend, higher level of stress, and present drinking and smoking behavior were significantly related with problem behavior at home. Problem behaviors at school were related with general high school students, parents' indifference, lower school grades, punished friend, higher level of stress, and present drinking and smoking behavior.
Problem behaviors in personal relations were related with general high school students, parents' indifference, punished friend, higher level of stress, and present drinking and smoking behavior.
Money related problem behaviors were related with vocational high school students, parents' indifference, lower school grades, punished mend, higher level of stress, and present drinking and smoking behavior.
Delinquency related behaviors were related with vocational high school students, parents' indifference, punished mend, higher level of stress, and present drinking and smoking behavior. Other drug abuse were related with vocational high school students, punished mend, higher level of stress, and present drinking and smoking behavior.
Above findings of close relationship between drinking and smoking of adolescents and delinquent behaviors suggest that a drinking and smoking prevention program for adolescents should be developed in concert with home, school, and society.


Conventionally and generally, a plurality of computers access a database provided in a server.  According to the inventions, generally-called full-fledged "parallel DB edit" using computers permanently holding duplicate DBs is presented.  Computers exchange edit information on the duplicate DBs, and the duplicate DBs of the computers synchronize with one another.  Each of all the relevant PCs takes out the local-edit records in the other PCs in a unique order (such as the order of arrival at the server) and updates the local original DB thereof.  The edit information including the same contents is processed in the same order with the same logic, and then the local original DBs are updated.  Therefore, the resultant local original DBs of the PCs also synchronize with one another.  The synchronization is established not along with real time axis but along the common time axis which is the order of edit records.  As a result, "substantially on-line operation" in which edit records are frequently taken in and updated and "substantially off-line operation" involving long update cycles can be mixedly carried out.


A feedback control technique of vortex shedding behind a circular cylinder is investigated through two-dimensional numerical simulations. In order to suppress the vortex shedding, periodic velocity excitation is applied from the cylinder surface to the separated shear flows with a time delay and feedback gain for the fluid velocity behind the cylinder or pressure on the cylinder surface. It is shown that the feedback excitation generated by the velocity feedback method can suppress the vortex shedding considerably with appropriate time delay and feedback gain. However, the control effect is lower if the sensor is located downstream of the formation region of the vortices behind the cylinder. And the control using the pressure feedback method cannot suppress the vortex shedding effectively because of the unsteadiness of the pressure fluctuation on the cylinder surface.


The invention relates to a system and a method for recognizing real braking by using a brake switch and the pressure of a brake main cylinder. The method comprises the following steps of setting a variate initial value and then setting time in a delayed manner by using the system; judging whether signals of the brake switch are consistent to pressure signals of the main cylinder or not; outputting a sign which shows that brake signals are effective if the signals of the brake switch are consistent to the pressure signals of the main cylinder; monitoring fault of an engine if the signals of the brake switch are not consistent to the pressure signals of the main cylinder; and performing redundancy check according to information such as current accelerator information and speed information. Whether the brake signals are real or not is judged preliminarily by using two channels of brake signals and main cylinder pressure signals transmitted by an ESP (electronic stability program), redundancy check is performed according to the information such as the current accelerator information and the speed information, whether the brake signals are real or not can be accurately judged, once the brake signals are failed, a protecting measure can be taken for a whole automobile, so that risks are reduced, and the reliability of the brake signals is improved.


To evaluate operative indication and opportunity of vitreoretinal surgery for severe ocular injuries. Methods 12 eyes perforating wound of eyeball, including 5 eyes intraocular metal foreign body, 3 eyes contusion, 3 eyes vitrectomy, 12 eyes lensvitrectomy, scleral encircling,cryocoagula, including 3 eyes extraction of intraocular foreign body, 4 eyes retinal reposition, intraocular tamponade operation. Results After operation, 15 eyes were followed up 3~15 months averaging 9 months,the functive cure rate is 53.5% (8 eyes),the anatomic cure rate, is 40% (6 eyes),1 case does not cure. Conclusion Vitreoretinal surgery is an effective method for severe ocular injury, selection of proper operative opportunity is very important for patient's vision and prognosis.


Cardiac output (CO) determination using transesophageal Doppler is based on the measurement of descending aortic blood flow. Because cerebral blood flow is dependent on Paco2, an increase in Paco2 would result in an increase of CO because of the increase in cerebral blood flow and vice versa. We enrolled 30 patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery graft surgery in the study. The CO was determined by both transesophageal Doppler and thermodilution while Paco2 was maintained at either 30 mm Hg or 40 mm Hg in random order. The CO by thermodilution was significantly higher at Paco2 of 40 mm Hg (4.17 ± 0.94 L/min) than at 30 mm Hg (3.78 ± 0.85 L/min). On the other hand, there were no significant differences in CO by transesophageal Doppler: 3.85 ± 0.76 L/min at Paco2 of 40 mm Hg and 3.77 ± 0.74 at 30 mm Hg. Bland-Altman analysis yielded bias and precision of −0.32 and 0.49 L/min at Paco2 of 40 mm Hg, and −0.01 and 0.34 L/min at 30 mm Hg. These results indicate that both methods of CO measurement are in agreement at 30 mm Hg of Paco2, but the thermodilution method provides higher values at 40 mm Hg of Paco2.


A city is the carrier of intensive allocation of resources. In this paper, which the environmental capacity concept, composition, structure and the impact factor of urban environment are analyzed. In the industrialization and urbanization process of Henan Province, the content of the urbanization and industrialization is analyzed. From Henan industrialization and urbanization, the problems such as the energy saving and reducing consumption of departure are proposed. The carrying capacity of the city, the problems of environmental capacity are discussed, and a series of solutions are proposed.


The Ir(III) compound TpMe2Ir[C(CO2Me)═C(CO2Me)C(CO2Me)═C(CO2Me)](OH2) (1) reacts thermally with aliphatic aldehydes RC(O)H (R = Me, tBu) to lead to the decarbonylation products TpMe2Ir[C(CO2Me)═C(CO2Me)C(CO2Me)═C(CO2Me)](CO) (2) and RH. In turn, formaldehyde reacts with 1, yielding a product resulting from the hydrogenation of one of the double bonds of the iridacycle. Theoretical calculations reveal the role of the metallacycle as a shuttle for the transfer of the aldehyde H atom. Under photochemical (UV) irradiation, the decarbonylation reaction becomes catalytic for a variety of aliphatic aldehydes.


Driveability analysis isaquite complex problemthatforitssolution dependsonseveral factors. Oneofthese factors concerns thetypeof vehicle forwhichadrive-way should bedetermined. Besides this, theterrain structure, thetypeof vegetation butalsotheground typeanditsconditions playimportant roles. Driveability analysis will consequently includeanalysisof primarily geographical information andtheoutcomeofthis analysis canbeusedtosupport decision making in commandandcontrol systems. However, quite often therequired geographical information isrepresented ina resolution thatiseither toolowand/or is represented witha highdegree ofuncertainty that cannotbeneglected. Inthiswork,anapproach to driveability analysis is presented in which geographical information isregarded as context information thateventually isfusedtogenerate paths, thatmaybedrivable forcertain typesof vehicles. Thisinformation isfusedbymeansofa knowledge-based technique thatdetermines the driveability froma setofqualitative driveability impact factors.


The purpose of the SCRIT project is to determine size and shape of short-lived and rarely-produced nuclei by elastic electron scattering, which is the best probe for the structure studies, for the ...


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【Aim】 To examine the molecular phylogenetic relationshipꎬ genetic differentiation and taxonomic status of apricot chlo ̄ rotic leaf roll (ACLR) phytoplasmas from Xinjiang isolates. 【Method】 The ribosomal protein gene ( rp) of the phytoplasma of apri ̄ cot chlorotic leaf roll was amplified by PCR with the specific primer pairs rpF1 / rpR1 in the diseased apricot sample from Luntai County and Tuokexun County in Xinjiang Autonomous Regionsꎬ then the partial rp gene was clonedꎬ sequenced and analyzed with other phytoplasmas. 【Result】 The results showed that a 1196 bp DNA fragment was amplified from the infected apricot. The frag ̄ ment included partial rpS19 geneꎬ complete rpL22 and rpS3 genes. The similarity and phylogenetic analyses showed that the se ̄ quence shared 95.7%-99.3% similarity with those of representative phytoplasmas in the 16SrV ̄rp subgroup. The NCBI blast results showed that the genetic distance of ACLR ̄Xinjiang isolates was closely related to the rpV ̄C subgroupꎬ which shared the highest ho ̄ mology of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of 99.2%-99.3% and 98.3%-98.4% with the strains of prunus avium virescence phytoplasma and jujube witches′ ̄broom phytoplasma. Furthermoreꎬ virtual RFLP analysis showed that the phytoplasma might be ̄ longed to a new subgroup within the elm yellows group (16SrV). The most similar was the reference pattern of the rpV ̄C subgroup (AB052876)ꎬ but showed significant differences in the profile with MseIꎬ SspIand TaqI. 【Conclusion】 This study reported the 生物安全学报 2021ꎬ 30(1): 36-42 JOURNAL OF BIOSAFETY http:∥www.jbscn.org


The crystal structure of CD4 suggested that the C/G38 and C/L44 replacements with the consequent cystine bridge formation are compatible with the native structure of that molecular moiety. As the NQGSF sequence, corresponding to the 39–43 fragment of human CD4 protein, was found to be involved in the HIV gp120 interaction, it has been synthesized in a cyclic form by adding two cysteine residues at the amino and carboxy termini. 1H‐NMR studies show that the predominant solution conformation of cyclo‐[CNQGSFC] is a type II β‐turn centred on the NQGS segment. Structural and dynamic properties of the peptide are also analysed in relation to the in vitro activity. © 1997 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This work investigates the effectiveness of a state-of-the-art concept detection framework for the automatic classification of multimedia content, namely images and videos, embedded in publicly available Web resources containing recipes for the synthesis of Home Made Explosives (HMEs), to a set of predefined semantic concepts relevant to the HME domain. The concept detection framework employs advanced methods for video (shot) segmentation, visual feature extraction (using SIFT, SURF, and their variations), and classification based on machine learning techniques (logistic regression). The evaluation experiments are performed using an annotated collection of multimedia HME content discovered on the Web, and a set of concepts, which emerged both from an empirical study, and were also provided by domain experts and interested stakeholders, including Law Enforcement Agencies personnel. The experiments demonstrate the satisfactory performance of our framework, which in turn indicates the significant potential of the adopted approaches on the HME domain.


The biosorption of manganese(II) ions from aqueous solution by glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan (GCC) was studied under equilibrium conditions. The biosorbent was characterised by FT-IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. The effects of the variable experimental parameters such as pH, metal ion concentration, adsorbent amount, contact time and temperature on the adsorption process were investigated. The equilibrium adsorption data were interpreted via the Freundlich, Langmuir and Sips isotherm models. Based on the error function values, the kinetic data were fitted to a better extent by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the chemisorption model, relative to the pseudo-first-order, fractional order and Weber–Morris models. The monolayer adsorption capacity of GCC as obtained from the Langmuir isotherm at 25 °C was found to be 278 mg/g. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous (ΔG0 < 0) and exothermic (ΔH0 < 0).


The current study deals with the chronicles and the characters described by Li Sangying (李商隱) (812-858 B.C.), a poet at the end of the Tang Dynasty, in his poems such as West Pavilion, Night Coldness, and Leaving for the Zong Zhang Residence in the Purple Roses (臨發崇讓宅紫薇). According to the literary criticisms of He Zhau (何焯), Cheng Men-xing (程夢星), Su Shu-ku (徐樹穀) , etc., of the Ching Dynasty, Li Sangying wrote his West Pavilion, Night Coldness, and Leaving for the Zong Zhang Residence in the Purple Roses (臨發崇讓宅紫薇) to mourn his deceased wife, Wang, but they were not related to her chronicle. However, Feng Hau (馮浩) considered that Wang, Li Sang-ying's wife, died in the 5th Year of Tazhung (大中) (851 B.C.) and was accordingly chronicled, and he maintained that this poem was written in memory of his deceased wife in the 6th Year of Tazhung (852B.C.) to express his gratitude to Liu Zhungying (柳仲郢) and pay respect to him when Li stayed overnight at Loyang at his father-in-law, Wang Maouyuan's (王茂元) Zong Zhang Residence (崇讓宅). Chang Ertien (張爾田) contended that in the 10th Year of Tazhung (856 B.C), Li Sang-ying felt sad at the sorrowful scene and wrote the poem when he stayed at his father-in-law's residence in Loyang (洛陽) after he returned to Beijing from Tsimu (梓幕). Contemporary scholars, such as Lu Xiuekai and Yu Shucheng (余恕誠) have agreed with Feng Hau, and asserted that the poems were likely to have been written in the 5th Year of Tazhung (大中) after Li's wife had passed away, and Li was depressed on his way back from Changan (長安) to Loyang to deal with trivial matters. Based on the literary criticisms above, the current study deals with the time of the death of Li Sang-ying's wife, the possibility of his traveling to Loyang to pay homage to Liu Zhungying (柳仲郢) or his being at Wang Maoyuan's residence and the probability of his management of his wife's funeral and some trivial matters. Finally, the current study reaches the conclusion that the chronicles and the places Li Sangying mentioned in poems such as Western Pavilion should have occurred in the winter of the 5th Year of Hueichang (會昌) (845 B.C.) while observing three years mourning before going to Beijing from Chenzho (鄭州) via Loyang. It happened to be the Mid-August Festival, and he wrote the poems while staying at the West Pavilion, Wang Maouyuan (王茂元) and feeling sorrowful over the heart-breaking scenes of the continual deaths of his relations, of rather than his wife.


This paper sheds light on the additional harmonic components arising from broken bars fault in the stator line current of an induction machine, which are generalized and analyzed in a different manner than of those given in the literature. Special attention is focused on the effect of both motor slots and rotor dissymmetry on the mechanism of the generation of the different harmonic components with consideration of the unbalance voltage supply and speed ripples effects. Aside from the well-known diagnosis signatures, new ones show up. The simulation and experimental results confirm the aforementioned study.


The incorporation of localized unpaired electrons into molecules and molecular materials provides the basis for a wealth of fascinating and rapidly developing science. Beyond an interest in the intrinsic properties of systems with localized spins (i.e. relating to attributes such as colour, magnetic moment, and chemical reactivity) comes a diverse range of magnetic and electronic phenomena in which transitions can be induced between different spin and spin-ordered states, with dramatic resulting changes in properties observed. Such phenomena perhaps most notably span the field of molecular magnets, in which the unpaired spins align with respect to each other through exchange-coupled pathways to give a rich array of spin-ordered ground states, and the field of spin-crossover, in which transition metal centres may be switched between alternate spin states in response to stimuli such as temperature, pressure, and light irradiation. Of further interest under this broad umbrella are properties such as valence tautomerism, in which spin-switching is achieved through metalligand intervalence charge transfer, and mixed-valency, in which differing oxidation states (commonly involving unpaired spins) may exist within the one system, including with varying degrees of delocalization. A unifying feature of all of these phenomena, other than that they involve unpaired electrons, is that they depend intimately on various types of communication between the electronic spins, each of which are subject to considerable variation through molecular, supramolecular, and materials design. Accordingly, a particularly intriguing aspect of this science – one that is in abundant display in the contributions that make up this Research Front – is the highly complex nature of the links between structure and resulting function for these systems. This complexity makes advances in this area dependent on a multidisciplinary approach in which new molecules and materials are synthesized, their structures and properties determined, relationships between these gleaned, and, subsequently, new systems are designed and synthesized, subject to the considerable whims of molecular selfassembly. Driving these efforts are a fascination with the endless complexity of this chemistry and, increasingly, the desire to


The mammalian auditory system is a highly evolved acoustic signal processing system that performs well even in highly reverberant and cluttered acoustic environments. In cetaceans, the auditory system is even more highly evolved than vision and is extremely important for navigation, foraging, and social communication. As humans inject more and more acoustic energies into the marine environment, these important acoustic functions may become compromised. Unfortunately little is known about the impact of anthropogenic sounds that could mask biologically significant signals. In this study a desktop simulation environment was used to study masking effects in a variety of conditions. The acoustic scenarios were created by mixing cetacean vocalizations recorded under relatively quiet conditions with scaled recordings of shipping noise. Biophysical computer models (http://earlab.bu.edu) based on physiological and behavioral experiments performed on humans were extrapolated to represent several different cetacean ...


The objective of this research was to determine the potential antioxidant phytochemical extracts corn cob (Zea mays L.). Corn cobs extracted using maceration method for 1x24 hours. Determination of phytochemical content is done by calculating the total phenolic. Testing antioxidant activity using free-radical scavengers DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-pikrilhidrazil). Results of this research showed that the extract of corn cobs have total phenolic. Extract 60% corn cobs have prophylactic activity of free radicals, followed by extract 40, 80 and 20%. Conclusion of this research is corn cob extracts have potential as antioxidants phytochemicals. Keywords : corn cob, antioxidant, phenolic, DPPH


The educational and ethical dimensions of sport, and its multidisciplinary nature, form the core of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's (UNESCO's) mandate as the UN custodian of sport policy development. When sport emerged as an international policy issue in the 1970s, through 'ping-pong diplomacy' and the boycott of the white-only South African Springboks rugby team, UNESCO responded by convening in 1976 the International Conference of Ministers and Senior Officials Responsible for Physical Education and Sport ('MINEPS'). MINEPS I played an important role in the development of the International Charter of Physical Education and Sport, adopted in 1978 by UNESCO's General Conference. The Charter establishes the practice of physical education and sport as a fundamental right for all, and thereby places emphasis on equality and grassroots sport. The longest article of the Charter is devoted to 'the protection of ethical and moral values of physical education and sport', with respect to violence, doping and 'commercial excesses'.


INTRODUCTION In recent years, there has been increased interest by physicians and the pharmaceutical industry regarding newer treatments for IBS. Before discussing these new treatments, it is important to consider the overall management strategy in IBS. This is necessary because patients with IBS exhibit a wide spectrum of symptoms of varying frequencies and degrees of severity. There is no one ideal treatment for IBS, and the newer medications may work best for only a subset of patients having this disorder. Therefore, the clinician must first apply certain general management approaches and, following this, treatment choices will depend on the nature (i.e., predominant diarrhea, constipation, or bloating, etc.) and severity (mild, moderate, severe) of the symptoms. The symptoms of IBS may have any of several underlying causes. These can include: (a) abnormal motility (uncoordinated or excessive contractions that can lead to diarrhea, constipation, bloating) (b) visceral hypersensitivity (lower pain threshold of the nerves that can produce abdominal discomfort or pain) resulting from the abnormal motility, stress or infection (c) dysfunction of the brain's ability to regulate these visceral (intestinal) activities. Treatments will vary depending on which of these possibilities are occurring. In general, milder symptoms relate primarily to abnormal motility, often in response to food, activity or stress, and/or visceral hypersensitivity. They are commonly treated symptomatically with pharmacological agents directed at the gut. However, more severe symptoms often relate to dysfunction of the brain-gut regulatory system with associated psychosocial effects, and psychological or behavioral treatments and antidepressants are frequently helpful.


Virtualizing middleboxes as software for Cloud tenants can eliminate the monolithic processing and static deployment of legacy middleboxes and provide an efficient provisioning for security services. However, inefficient managing of the virtualized security services can reduce the gains of Cloud deployment. We propose a resources-efficient placement of the security functions in the infrastructure of a three-tier Cloud DC by modifying the Best-Fit Decreasing algorithm to solve the problem while satisfying the placement resources and traffic constraints.


The first synthesis of 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid (KDN)(1) was achieved by condensation of the non-nitrogeneous substrate D-mannose (2) with pyruvate, catalysed by immobilized acylneuraminate pyruvate lyase.


The increasing availability of readymade and supposedly ready to use IT packages is changing the way CIOs manage and the challenges they face. In this article we summarize the opinions of CIOs who attended a roundtable to discuss this issue. The CIOs report a shift in internal client attitude toward IT which, combined with the effects of budgetary cuts, is leading to a shift in the role of the CIO from IT service provider to business integrator. The description of what this sample of the industry actually does regarding outsourcing and what this means for CIOs presents a new picture compared with the current literature on outsourcing.


Objective To analyze CT features of metastatic liver leiomyosarcoma (MLL), and to improve the diagnostic accuracy of MLL.Materials and Methods CT findings and clinical characteristics of 8 patients with surgically proved MLL were retrospectively analyzed. Plain and enhanced tri phase (including arterial, portal and delayed phase) scanning were performed.Results On plain scan, hypodense lesion was a common presentation of MLL. During arterial phase, the smaller lesions showed marked peripheral enhancement and central necrosis. The larger MLL presented as cystic, solid or mixed lesions, and the lesions were rich in vasculature, which was proved by angiography. Metastatic lymphadenopathy and abdominal implant were not uncommon. MLL was likely to recur. Conclusion MLL should be considered in the patients with known extra hepatic leiomyosarcoma who have space occupying lesions in the liver when special signs are demonstrated on CT scans and no tumor marker expressions can be tested.


This thesis deals with the valuation of property for the purposes of liability bank loan. The first chapter is the theoretical part focuses on the definition of terms, which is the measurement, valuation, expert bank loan. In the second chapter we pass the practical part, in which we analyze the conditions for providing credit to individual banks and moved to describing how ongoing loan application in practice, carry out the surveys on which the third part we are looking for possibilities to increase the overall value of the property.