By increasing the industrial developments in Malaysia, there are many construction projects has been carried out. With the development of construction project, it can cause reducing the construction area. Many of the construction nowadays need to be constructed on the soft ground due to the limitation area and it gives the problem of soil settlement and the construction cost directly become double. Prefabricated vertical drains PVD is one of the most commonly used techniques to reduce the time of settlement substantially. The purpose of this study is to study the performance of prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) as treated ground method. This paper presents a case study of the field data associated to settlement of treated soft soil using PVD by comparing with numerical simulation for embankment constructed along highway. This study involved two methods which are field settlement recorded and prediction of settlement using Finite Element Method. PLAXIS 2D analysis showed that the preloading is important to reduce the post construction settlement. Result from the case study indicates the settlement predicted from Finite Element Modelling is slightly higher compare to an actual field settlement. Drain spacing was analysed to evaluate the factor affecting the performance of prefabricated vertical drain. The rate of settlement was increase by decreasing of drain spacing. The installation of PVD at spacing 1.0m gives the optimum rate of settlement followed by spacing 1.4 m, 1.8 m and 2.0 m respectively. In terms of excess pore water pressure, the result showed the pore water pressure were significantly higher and dissipated slowly due to increasing of prefabricated vertical drain spacing. Based on the series of simulation conducted, it was found that the prefabricated vertical drain is effective pre-construction countermeasure for increasing ground stability.


Anxiety is something that afflicts almost everyone at a certain time in his life. Anxiety is a normal reaction to a situation that is very pressing for one's life. Anxiety can arise alone or join with other symptoms of various emotional disorders (Savitri Ramaiah, 2003: 10). Based on the results of the preliminary study, it is known that there are still mothers who experience anxiety about facing labor in PEB pregnant women, which is 29%. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between coping strategies and the anxiety of facing labor in PEB pregnant women at Syarifah Ambami Hospital Rato Ebhu Bangkalan. This research method is Analytical, while the research design uses cross sectional. Independent variables are coping strategies, and the dependent variable is anxiety. Population, namely all pregnant women with PEB as many as 33 pregnant women with an average of each month. Samples taken as many as 30 pregnant women with simple random sampling technique. Data collection using questionnaires and HARS scale were processed using cross tabulation and lambda statistical tests. From the results of the study, almost half of 45.8% of PEB pregnant women with mild anxiety with adaptive coping strategies were obtained. Based on the lambda statistical test, get pValue = 0.045 and a = 0.05. Thus the results obtained p = 0.045 <a = 0.05, which means that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, namely there is a significant relationship between Coping and Anxiety Strategy in Facing Labor in PEB Pregnant Women at Syarifah Ambami Hospital Rato Ebhu Bangkalan. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for midwives that a high-risk pregnant woman also has excessive anxiety that can affect the delivery process. By doing so, health workers should be able to provide detailed information to pregnant women about the high risks they experience.


Objective To investigate the calculi composition of patients with urinary calculi in Henan area and the clinical significance of preventing calculi recurrence with individualized method.Methods From August 2009 to July 2010,1050 patients in our hospital underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy were set as the experimental group,all stone specimens were detected with the BRUKER TENSOR27 infrared spectroscopy for analysis of stone composition,and nurse on duty gave instructions according to the stone composition to prevent recurrence.From July 2008 to July 2009 1010 patients in our hospital underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy,ureteroscope and percutaneous nephrolithotomy were set as the control group,patients in the control group were not given calculi component analysis and these patients received general prevention guidance.The calculi recurrence was compared between two groups.Results Among 1050 cases in the experimental group,urinary calculi with single component accounted for 46.29%,of which calcium oxalate stones accounted for 44.95%.Calculi with mixed components accounted for 53.71%,mainly were calcium oxalate and carbonate apatite mixture components (30.48%).57 cases (5.43%) occurred urinary stone recurrence in the experimental group,while 177 cases(17.52%) in the control group.The difference had statistical significance.Conclusions Urinary calculi analysis has important clinical significance for understanding the causes and treatment of calculi as well as prevention of recurrence of calculi.

Key words:
Urinary calculi;  Composition analysis of stone;  Infrared spectroscopy;  Prevention


We present the design of an optical domain staring RF spectrum analyzer based on parametric multicasting and spectral slicing with a periodic filter. An implementation covering an 18GHz band with 250MHz resolution bandwidth is presented.


Theorem 1. Let π : X → Y be a Galois, unramified map between two l-gonal curves over k. Suppose Y has a k-point. If Y does not have a gonal map factoring through a genus 1 curve, then deg π ≤ l. Theorem 2. Let π : X → Y be a Galois, unramified map with γk(X) = l. Suppose Y does not map to a genus 1 curve. Then deg π < 2l. Corollary 1.1. If π : X → Y is a Galois, unramified map of degree n and Y does not map to a genus 1 curve, then γk(X) ≥ ( n 2 ) 1 2 .


Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E.coli O157:H7 has become a global threat to public health; it is a primary cause of diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a disorder of thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and acute renal failure with thrombi occluding renal microcirculation. In this study, we explored whether Stx triggers complement-dependent microvascular thrombosis in in vitro and in vivo experimental settings of HUS. Stx induced on human microvascular endothelial cell surface the expression of P-selectin, which bound and activated C3 via the alternative pathway, leading to thrombus formation under flow. In the search for mechanisms linking complement activation and thrombosis, we found that exuberant complement activation in response to Stx generated an increased amount of C3a that caused further endothelial P-selectin expression, thrombomodulin (TM) loss, and thrombus formation. In a murine model of HUS obtained by coinjection of Stx2 and LPS and characterized by thrombocytopenia and renal dysfunction, upregulation of glomerular endothelial P-selectin was associated with C3 and fibrin(ogen) deposits, platelet clumps, and reduced TM expression. Treatment with anti–P-selectin Ab limited glomerular C3 accumulation. Factor B-deficient mice after Stx2/LPS exhibited less thrombocytopenia and were protected against glomerular abnormalities and renal function impairment, indicating the involvement of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the glomerular thrombotic process in HUS mice. The functional role of C3a was documented by data showing that glomerular fibrin(ogen), platelet clumps, and TM loss were markedly decreased in HUS mice receiving C3aR antagonist. These results identify Stx-induced complement activation, via P-selectin, as a key mechanism of C3a-dependent microvascular thrombosis in diarrhea-associated HUS. The Journal of Immunology , 2011, 187: 172–180. by binding and/or activating C proteins. Excessive C3 activation (dependent on increased C3 convertase assembly and activity) in response to Stx generates an increased amount of the anaphylatoxin C3a, which interacts with the specific endothelial C3aR, thereby potentiating P-selectin expression and t-PA-dependent TM shedding with final thrombus formation.


other. With cards for the personal property, it is easier to write the tax lists. . . . Tax maps are only an instrument, a means to an end, and that end is accurate assessment. . . . Tax maps are now required by law in some states and are in actual use in many states and assessors' offices. Mr. Powell cites in his interesting paper many instances where the card and map system has prevented property from escaping taxation, and suggests many other reasons of or for the utility and benefits that every town would derive by the installation of a thorough card and map system."


The distribution of pole-zero determines the property of the automatic control system. The paper studies how the additional zeros in the left half of the s-plane affect the transient performance specification of the system by Matlab tools and analyzes the essential reasons for these effects.


One of problems of the most common used industrial controllers is in their very expensive price. Moreover, they not offer any other features except some basic ones, how to affect controlling process (e.g. settings of PWM (Pulse Wide Modulation) switching frequency). On the other side, developing of a new analog controller to control a simple system is not reasonable due to financial or time issues. That is the reason why we decided to build a simple, discrete controller and implement its algorithm into a single chip, eight bit microcontroller unit (MCU). Such a discrete PSD controller is characteristic for its simplicity and variability. It can control a plenty of less complicated systems by a simple change of its characteristic parameters. Thanks to modern approach it is possible to create a full-featured controller including power action element on a tiny area equal to 7cm2.


The observation that Group A streptococci of Lancefield Types 4, 5, 6, 11, 12, 14, and 49 have the ability to induce in guinea pigs a state of hypersensitivity to skin homografts indistinguishable in its gross and microscopic manifestations from that obtained by the use of homologous tissues [lo, 51 has raised the possibility that other microorganisms might also possess this property. In the course of the present study, 199 guinea pigs were pretreated with 3 strains of staphylococci, and 14 other Gram-positive, Gram-negative and Acid-fast bacteria. Animals pretreated with emulsions of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus albus rejected first-set skin homografts in accelerated or in white graft fashion; none of the other microorganisms tested had this effect. Recipients of Gram-negative bacteria accorded firstset skin homografts a slight prolongation in survival time. The results are discussed for their pertinence to the heterologous nature of the antigen(s) capable of inducing homograft sensitivity in the guinea pig.


This research focuses on the following topics: the biosynthesis and catabolism of monoterpenes; the organization of monoterpene metabolism; the developmental regulation of monoterpene metabolism; the flux control of precursor supply; and the integration of monoterpene and higher terpenoid metabolism.


BACKGROUND
Emerging adulthood is a unique developmental stage, which may affect individuals' self-management behaviors, social support, and the relationship between these two constructs. Among older adults, social support has been shown to improve self-management behaviors for individuals with chronic conditions; however, this relationship has not been examined with emerging adults (age 18-29 years) who have inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between two conceptualizations of social support (received and perceived availability of social support) and IBD-related self-management behaviors among emerging adults with IBD.

METHODS
A convenience sample of emerging adult IBD individuals (currently prescribed medication to manage IBD) were recruited through ResearchMatch, Facebook, and word of mouth. The study was guided by key elements of the individual and family self-management theory. Participants responded to demographic and condition-specific questionnaires: the Inventory of Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood, the Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors, the Medical Outcomes: Social Support Survey, the Medication Adherence Report Scale, and the Dietary Screener Questionnaire.

RESULTS
Emerging adults with high received informational support reported greater medication adherence compared to those with low received informational support when controlling for biological medications, time since diagnosis, symptom frequency, and feeling in-between adolescence and adulthood. Neither type of social support was associated with diet modification.

DISCUSSION
Received informational social support, medication type, time since diagnosis, symptoms, and emerging adulthood factors have the potential to influence medication adherence. Received informational social support interventions, such as patient-to-patient or group-based mentoring, may serve to improve medication adherence among emerging adults with IBD.


Introduction
Pancreatic solid hamartoma is an extremely rare entity that shows components that are present in the normal pancreas with distorted architecture and are considered as malformative lesions. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult because the clinicopathological features of pancreatic solid hamartoma have not yet been fully clarified.

Methods
Herein, we report extremely rare case of pancreatic solid harmatoma mimicking neuroendocrine tumor.

Results
A 68-year-old male presented to our hospital for the evaluation of an incidentally detected pancreatic mass. Serum tumor marker levels were within normal limits. On delayed-phase computed tomography (CT), a homogeneous enhancing hypervascular mass measuring 1.8 cm was detected in the pancreatic head. On fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/CT, the mass showed no significant FDG uptake. As the radiologic impression was that of a neuroendocrine tumor, the patient underwent pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodectomy. Pathologic findings show that microscopically, the tumor exhibited typical features of pancreatic solid hamartoma with no evidence of neuroendocrine differentiation in the cells of the lesion.

Conclusions
In conclusion, pancreatic hamartoma may be detected incidentally, without the patient presenting with any signs or symptoms of disease. Clinical symptoms are dependent on tumor size and location, and the diagnosis of this disease primarily depends on imaging techniques, including computed tomography, MRI and endoscopic ultrasound. However, pancreatic hamartoma is difficult to differentiate from other benign pancreatic lesions. For symptomatic patients or those with an indefinite diagnosis, a complete surgical excision is recommended.


Two-oligarch monopolization is the market structure of Chinese mobile communication. At the very start, Chinese Unicom has carried through price competition with China Mobile, which has added the social welfare. Along with their market share approach gradually, the motivation of privacy stratagem has been buildup. The three-oligarch monopolization will maybe the regulatory reformation tropism of Chinese mobile communication market.


Abstract The CentriMag ventricular assist device is an extracorporeal, third-generation, continuous flow device. The rapidity and simplicity of operation along with low priming volume make it attractive for use in children with refractory heart failure. We report the successful use of CentriMag as a bridge to recovery in a child and discuss issues that are unique to its use in children.


Steroidal 5α-reductase is a system of NADPH dependent enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible conversion of Δ4–3-ketosteroid precursor (testosterone) to its corresponding 5α-reduced metabolite (dihydrotestosterone). Initial role of DHT was discovered through males pseudohermaphroditism, a genetic disorder with complete or partial 5α-reductase deficiency accompanied with features at critical juncture of fetal and postnatal development. However, excessive DHT production, has brought a revolution in revealing the etiology of complications like prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Over the last two decades, converging lines of evidences have highlighted the role of 5α-reductase inhibitors in the treatment of these androgen dependent disorders. Finasteride and Dutasteride, are the two clinically approved inhibitors available in the market, that helps in reducing the prostate volume by blocking the 5a-reductase enzyme.


Logistics process design is one of the major challenges in logistics planning and known as being a complex and complicated problem, since it is subject to a large number of many and diverse influences. The approach of a component-based logistics process design should help to reduce complexity of the design problem and its solution, but especially to overcome the traditional thinking in terms of technical systems instead of focusing on what kind of functionality is really needed to be implemented only. The paper delivers the basic idea of this concept and discusses how simulation and visualization can support this method even though available tools and packages are based on representations of technical components only.


In the food packaging sector, starch-based material has received great attention owing to its biodegradability, wide availability as agricultural surplus raw material, abundant, can be produced at low cost and at large scale, nonallergic, easy to use and thermoprocessable. Through this project we are trying to develop a starch based film packaging material with antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial packaging has been touted as a major focus in the next generation of 'active' packaging. Antimicrobial packaging is the packaging system that is able to kill or inhibit spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms that are contaminating foods. The new antimicrobial function can be achieved by adding antimicrobial agents in the packaging system and/or using antimicrobial polymers that satisfy conventional packaging requirements. The base for the film is made of starch derived from tapioca. As a plasticizer we incorporated glycerol. The antimicrobial activity was achieved by adding medicinal plant extracts. The extracts of common medicinal plants such as neem ,betle leaves,guava leaves,rhizomes of lotus and turmeric, and flowers of hibiscus were used. The extracts were prepared using ethanol extraction method. The effectiveness of extracts were tested by using agar diffusion method. Five different bacterial strains such as E.coli, Pseudomonas, S. aureus, B. cereus and Klebsiella were used for the study. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values of extracts were also found out. We also conducted model food studies for the film using raw carrot and chicken. Keywords— Antimicrobial packaging, Medicinal plant extracts, Starch based film, Food pathogens


This paper describes the current status of the projectplanning process in the Swedish construction company Skanska Syd AB.The purpose of the study is to identify and analyse important aspectsof potential improvements of project planning.The study shows that re-engineering of the project planning processinvolves five improvement areas of concern;distinct demands, adequate education and support, quality assuranceof the planning process, integrated project management systems,and experiential feed-back.


NTO and DAAF are insensitive high explosives developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Both the defense and civilian sectors have particular interest in these types of materials for applications ranging from weapons to air bag design. The performance of explosives is highly dependent on particle size. Many common techniques for measuring particle size distributions require knowledge of the material's index of refraction. To-date the principle refractive indices of {alpha}-NTO and DAAF have not been determined. We present the three principle indices of refraction for the triclinic explosive {alpha}-NTO and an averaged index of refraction for DAAF found using the Becke Test. In addition, by comparing particle size distributions based on different refractive indices we show the importance of using the true index of refraction in measuring fine particles.


Abstract The aim of the studies was to develop an alternative method which could overcome the lack of sampling to improve the efficiency of control efforts for bovine endemic fluorosis. The spatial distribution characteristics of the disease were analysed and a prediction model for the estimation of fluorosis distribution in some districts in northwest Liaoning province in China was established. The model used ordinary kriging, and was evaluated using cross-validation. Analysis showed that the distribution of the disease was spatial autocorrelation. The prediction error of the cross-validation (ME = -0.0092, PMSE = 0.627, AKSE = 0.597, and RMSP = 1.007) and comparison with the actual disease distribution indicated that the prediction map accurately distributed bovine endemic fluorosis. It is feasible to predict bovine endemic fluorosis in the area by using ordinary kriging and limited data.


Pelagic stingray, formerly considered as a rare species is becoming a major bycatch of tuna longline fishery. Present study is an attempt to understand the abundance of pelagic stingray in time and space around Andaman & Nicobar Islands. General linear model has been fitted by using exploratory tuna longline survey data collected from A & N Islands. The study provided an account on the abundance and distribution pattern of the species. Present study recorded better catch rates during the new moon period and the results indicated the significant effect of the lunar cycle on the catch rate of pelagic stingray. Almost nil catch rate recorded during monsoon period was quite interesting and results showed that there is a significant effect of the monsoon on the catch rate. An increasing trend of the year wise catch rates indicates the fishing pressure on the co existing oceanic resources.


At present, the landslide disaster monitoring methods are mainly based on surface displacement monitoring, rock stratum tilt monitoring, rainfall capacity monitoring and so on at home and abroad. However, displacement and tilt are necessary rather than the sufficient conditions to produce landslide, sliding force is necessary and sufficient condition. According to the above principles, sliding force remote monitoring and early warning system based on GSM network communication platform is developed, and has been applied in 9 areas all over the country, which successfully forecasted landslide 3 times, and has achieved remarkable social and economical benefits. However, due to the landslide mostly in remote mountain, GSM network signals are weak and some areas are even in dead zone, in order to further promote the data transmission capacity of the system, according to the comparison among the existing remote data transmission modes, Beidou satellite communication technology is selected as the remote data transmission link of the system, which has no dead zone, low power consumption, and can expand the application fields of sliding force remote monitoring system.


Deep bottleneck features (DBNFs) have been used successfully in the past for acoustic speech recognition from audio. However, research on extracting DBNFs for visual speech recognition is very limited. In this work, we present an approach to extract deep bottleneck visual features based on deep autoencoders. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that extracts DBNFs for visual speech recognition directly from pixels. We first train a deep autoencoder with a bottleneck layer in order to reduce the dimensionality of the image. Then the autoencoder's decoding layers are replaced by classification layers which make the bottleneck features more discriminative. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) features are also appended in the bottleneck layer during training in order to make the bottleneck features complementary to DCT features. Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks are used to model the temporal dynamics and the performance is evaluated on the OuluVS and AVLetters databases. The extracted complementary DBNF in combination with DCT features achieve the best performance resulting in an absolute improvement of up to 5% over the DCT baseline.


A 3-MeOsalophen-ligand based Co2 complex underwent controlled pyrolysis tracked by TG-MS, and can be used as an efficient OER electrocatalyst with a Co/CoOx@NC nanostructure.


Ethanol, a renewable energy source, can be considered as a good alternative to replace fossil fuels. Currently, America is the largest producer of ethanol, with United States and Brazil being its largest producers. The objective of this work was to study ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells displaying higher plasma membrane H+- ATPase activity. In this work, we initially evaluated ethanol production by S. cerevisiae strains with altered plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity, thus selecting strains PJ69 (wild-type) and arg82Δ. These strains were transformed with plasmids containing the gene PMA1 (which encodes the H+-ATPase) with modifications that make the enzyme constitutively active. None of the transformed strains showed changes in growth parameters or increase in enzymatic activity. The strains were grown on medium containing sucrose as carbon source, at different concentrations (2, 4, 8 and 15%). The strain PJ69 showed an increased ethanol production and higher sucrose consumption at concentrations of 8 and 15% when compared to arg82Δ. The metabolism of sucrose was assessed by invertase activity and also for sugar transport. The strains PJ69 and arg82Δ do not differ with respect to sucrose transport. However, the wild-type strain showed higher invertase activity. Quantitation of intracellular ATP in strains PJ69 and arg82Δ grown on glucose showed that, at exponential and stationary phases, arg82Δ strain had an ATP content sixfold greater than the wild-type. ATP content in sucrose was also higher in arg82Δ strain, being 1,1- and 1,5-fold greater than PJ69, at exponential and stationary phases respectively. Fermentation with high glucose concentration (15% w/v), showed that both strains produced at the end of the process similar concentrations of ethanol. Nonetheless, the arg82Δ strain took approximately twice as long as PJ69 strain to achieve the same ethanol concentration.


Transmit filtering, transmit equalization, precoding, or power allocation increases the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of transmit single-carrier (SC) signal due to change in frequency-domain spectrum. Recently, we proposed a frequency-domain based selected mapping (FD-SLM) for suppressing the increased PAPR introduced by the transmit frequency-domain equalization (Tx-FDE). However, FD-SLM provides minor contribution when computational complexity is considered. In this paper, we are motivated by the fact that a "bad" arrangement of modulated symbols in a transmission block leads to high peak power, and propose a time-domain phase rotation called time-domain SLM (TD-SLM). PAPR and BER performances when using the proposed TD-SLM are evaluated by computer simulation and are compared to conventional joint Tx/Rx SC-FDE and joint Tx/Rx SC-FDE with FD-SLM.


The topological structure of peer-to-peer networks is one of the topics of interest in these types of networks. Using the concept of community, as a technique for putting together the peers with similar interests, has largely contributed to the topological structure of peer-to-peer networks. A community is created when one or more numbers of a peer claim a similar interest about a common subject. Discovering a community and proposing it to a peer regardless of the priority of the keywords in the vector of interests leads to surplus connections and higher traffic in the network. Hence, in this paper, it is tried to, unlike previous studies and using learning automata, prioritize the interests of a peer in the vector of interest and the peer chooses more accurate communities for the sake of its own durability. Using this method, one node could choose those communities suggested to it with members with more similar interest. By implementing the interest-based searching method on the network obtained through the proposed algorithm, the search overhead and the success rate are investigated and the obtained results proved our claim.


Introduction: Numerous studies have documented a high prevalence of misreporting energy intakes. This paper examines the prevalence of under- and overreporting of energy intake in a group of candidates for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and its association with body mass index (BMI) and some sociodemographic factors. Subjects and methods: Dietary assessment (using a food frequency questionnaire) and demographic evaluation of 449 CABG surgery candidates was performed. Weight and height was also measured. McCrory equation was used to identify inaccurate records of energy intake. With this equation, reporting energy intake less than 78% and more than 122% of predicted energy expenditure was considered as under- and overreporting, respectively. Results: Less than half of the participants reported energy intakes within the plausible limits. There were more overreporters than underreporters in this sample. The only significant association between misreporting and related factors was seen in BMI groups. As BMI increased, the number of underreporters increased significantly. Expressed as a percentage of total energy, mean carbohydrate intake was significantly lower and mean fat and protein intake was significantly higher in underreporters compared to overreporters. Conclusion: The high prevalence of misreporting suggests more research to examine the characteristics of misreporters. Calibrating data with these characteristics can help to improve intake estimates.


Abscess of the brain is a condition fortunately not very common, but none the less one very important to recognize. At the present time the mortality is high, and at least in part this is due to the fact that a large proportion of the cases are not recognized or are recognized only in the late stages, though even of those cases diagnosed and treated early a larger proportion die than should be the case. ETIOLOGY. The initial infection may reach the brain in several ways. Trauma.?As a result of trauma. (1) Direct, as in penetrating wounds ; (2) indirect, as with fracture of "the base of the skull. We need not further consider these cases except to remark that (a) an abscess may arise months or years after the original injury, and (&) in some cases of abscess arising apparently by direct extension there is a history of trauma, such as a blow on the head.


The invention discloses an artificial breeding method of big oysters. The artificial breeding method of the big oysters comprises the following steps: fishing and catching parent shells from a natural sea area, dividing the parent shells into single bodies, washing and brushing the parent shells, placing the parent shells in an indoor sea water seeding breeding room, and conducting parent shell accelerated maturing; inducing the parent shells to conduct spermiation and ovulation through an induced spawning method of firstly increasing temperature and then keeping temperature to a constant value, and spermoviums conducting larva hatching in a hatching tank; collecting D-shaped larva and developing the D-shaped larva into a cultivating tank when the hatched larva growing into the D-shaped larva; putting fan shell adhesion matrixes to conduct seeding collecting when larva shells growing up to 360-370 micrometers and having eyespots and feet; transferring the larva to the natural sear area and conducting juvenile shellfish culturing when the larva shells growing longer than 600 micrometers, and conducting artificial breeding by adopting deep water pile type hanging breeding of vertical type breeding. By steps of parent shell accelerated maturing, ovulation inducing and spermoviums hatching, larva choosing and cultivating, artificial seeding collecting, juvenile shellfish cultivating, natural sea area developing and the like, the artificial breeding method of the big oysters is set up, and yield of the big oysters can be obviously increased.


The response of any engineering design components to stresses should be predictable, While the response of a material to complex loading, such as high strain rates experienced during service, is difficult to represent with simple tests, the Taylor impact test is one of a number of tests devised for high strain rate complex loading. To expedite the acceptance of LPBF Ti6Al4V (ELI) for use in demanding structural applications, there is a need to develop numerical models based on the internal microstructural state variables to predict the performance of the alloy over a wide range of high strain rates using such complex tests. This paper documents the numerical simulation of Taylor impact tests for direct metal laser-sintered and post-processed Ti6Al4V (ELI—Extra Low Interstitial) alloy. A microstructural variable-based constitutive model was used to predict the mechanical properties (stresses and evolution of plastic strains) of the material. The corresponding material parameters of the model were based on the specific microstructure obtained upon post-process heat treatment. The model was first implemented as a user material subroutine in the explicit finite element program ABAQUS using the VUHARD subroutine. Subsequently, the symmetrical Taylor impact tests of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) Ti6Al4V (ELI) parts were numerically simulated using the VUHARD subroutine at different impact velocities. The equivalent von Mises stress and plastic strain obtained from numerical simulations were compared with the analytical solutions based on the strain rates obtained. It was shown that the instantaneous and average absolute errors between the numerical and analytical values of the model were generally less than 5%. The mushroom end, commonly observed in a Taylor test specimen, was also seen in the numerical model.


A palladium-catalyzed double-carbonylative cyclization of propargyl alcohols and aryl triflates has been developed. Various 4-aroyl-furan-2(5H)-one scaffolds were produced in good yields with Cr(CO)6 as the CO source. Control experiments were performed as well, and a reasonable reaction mechanism was proposed.


Nonlegal enforcement systems come in many varieties. The ordinary rules of everyday conduct are enforced by the gossip of neighbors and scolding of friends; while, at the other extreme of complexity, investors may comply with intricate financial arrangements mainly to preserve their market reputation, rather than from fear of lawsuit. The need for further typology is evident. The Japanese products liability system and the transactional rules of the American grain industry-carefully described in the articles before us'-represent two variants of a particular type of nonlegal governance regime-a type in which the parties devise a fairly comprehensive system that includes written rules of conduct, sanctions, and procedures for enforcement. These systems are established in a two-step process: first, norms evolve as a result of transactors' dealings (as in the grain industry) or industry consensus (standards identifying "design defects"); second, the centralized agency selects among, codifies, and enforces these norms. The substantive rules of conduct applicable to transactions are formulated in part by courts and legislators, in part by nonlegal decisionmakers-trade organizations, independent standard setters, arbitrators. Correlatively, the sanctions imposed for violation of the rules are at first cut "nonlegal"-expulsion from the trade association or revocation of the license to use a trade emblem. In the background, courts stand ready to enforce the damages stipulated by lawexpectation damages for breach of contract and full compensation for injuries suffered in tort. In these settings, then, the nonlegal systems both displace in part, yet rest upon, the extant legal regime. The systems represent attempts to modify the background law-the products liability regime as applied to consumer products and Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) for sales of grain. At the same


Tropical cyclones in the vicinity of Hawaii are rare. However, when they occurred, they caused enormous property damage. The authors have examined historical records (1949-95) of cyclones and classified them into El Nino and non-El Nino batches. A bootstrap resampling method is used to simulate sampling distributions of the annual mean number of tropical cyclones for the above two batches individually. The statistical char- acteristics for the non-El Nino batch are very different from the El Nino batch. A two-sample permutation procedure is then applied to conduct statistical tests. Results from the hypothesis testing indicate that the difference in the annual mean number of cyclones between El Nino and non-El Nino batches is statistically significant at the 5% level. Therefore, one may say with statistical confidence that the mean number of cyclones in the vicinity of Hawaii during an El Nino year is higher than that during a non-El Nino year. Likewise, the difference in variances between El Nino and non-El Nino batches is also significant. Cyclone tracks passing Hawaii during the El Nino batch appear to be different from those of the non-El Nino composite. A change in large-scale dynamic and thermodynamic environments is believed to be conducive to the increased cyclone incidence in the vicinity of Hawaii during an El Nino year.


A " requirement " is a necessary attribute in a system, a statement that identifies a capability, characteristic, or quality factor of a system in order for it to have value and utility to a user [1]. According to Steve McConnell in Software Project Survival Guide, " The most difficult part of requirements gathering is not documenting what the users 'want'; it is the effort of helping users figure out what they 'need' that can be successfully provided within the cost and schedule parameters available to the development team. " 1 Each requirement should be necessary, verifiable, attainable, unambiguous, complete , consistent, traceable, concise, implementation free , and have a unique identifier [1]. All of these characteristics of a good requirement should be self-evident, with the possible exception of " implementation-free. " The reason that a requirement should be implementation-free is that requirements specify " what " shall be provided and not " how " – the how is a design aspect rather than a requirement. Documenting the rationale for each requirement (why it is required) is a good technique to reduce the number of requirements. Taking this one step, according to industry requirements consultant Ivy Hooks' experience, can eliminate " up to half " of the stated requirements [2]. Begin by understanding the organiza-tion's " business requirements. " This leads to a " vision and scope " document that describes the background leading to the decision to develop a new or modified system or capability and describes the system to be developed. An agreed upon understanding of the capability is critical to a successful project. Consider having iterative scoping meetings with customers and users. The process of requirements elicitation itself generates more detailed and creative thinking about the problem that in turn can affect the scope. As the possibilities for a solution emerge, there are numerous decision points concerning what should and should not be included within the scope of the system. The next step is to gather the stated requirements of the customers and users of the new capability. An effective requirements practice distinguishes " stated " requirements from " real " requirements [1]. Industry experience has shown that customers and system developers should jointly evaluate stated requirements to ensure that each is a verified need. Part of the requirements process is to prioritize requirements. 2 This is important, because rarely is there enough time and money to …


Significance The DLC1 tumor suppressor gene is commonly lost in cancer by genomic deletion or epigenetic silencing, leading to loss of gene transcription. DLC1 encodes a GTPase-activating protein for the RhoA small GTPase, and DLC1 loss of expression results in aberrant RhoA activation and signaling. Unexpectedly, we found that a subset of non-small cell lung cancer patient tumors and cell lines retained DLC1 mRNA but not protein expression. We determined that the CUL4A–DDB1–FBXW5 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is responsible for loss of DLC1 protein expression. Suppression of FBXW5 function restored DLC1-dependent lung cancer cell growth suppression. Our observations identify a mechanism for posttranslational loss of DLC1 function in cancer and substrate for CRL4A-FBXW5–driven cancer growth. DLC1 encodes a RhoA GTPase-activating protein and tumor suppressor lost in cancer by genomic deletion or epigenetic silencing and loss of DLC1 gene transcription. We unexpectedly identified non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and tumor tissue that expressed DLC1 mRNA yet lacked DLC1 protein expression. We determined that DLC1 was ubiquitinated and degraded by cullin 4A–RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL4A) complex interaction with DDB1 and the FBXW5 substrate receptor. siRNA-mediated suppression of cullin 4A, DDB1, or FBXW5 expression restored DLC1 protein expression in NSCLC cell lines. FBXW5 suppression-induced DLC1 reexpression was associated with a reduction in the levels of activated RhoA-GTP and in RhoA effector signaling. Finally, FBXW5 suppression caused a DLC1-dependent decrease in NSCLC anchorage-dependent and -independent proliferation. In summary, we identify a posttranslational mechanism for loss of DLC1 and a linkage between CRL4A-FBXW5–associated oncogenesis and regulation of RhoA signaling.


A method of measuring the amount of rotation produced by the lenses of a three‐stage electron microscope is described and the application of the results to stereo‐electron microscopy discussed.


Background: A rising population of cancer survivors is accompanied by a shortage of oncologists for continuity of care. This study examined the physicians who provided most of the care for cancer survivors, along with written information provided to the survivors before transfer of care. Methods: Data were collected through the CDC-sponsored Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Our analysis involved states whose respondents completed a cancer survivorship module from 2016 to 2020. Primary measures were the proportions of physician specialists who provided most of their subsequent health care and the proportions of survivors who received written summaries of their care and instructions. Results: The 36,737 cancer survivor respondents came from 33 states. Most of their health care came from primary care physicians [family physicians (42.3%, 95% CI: 41.3–43.2%) and general internists (26.0%, 95% CI: 25.2–26.9%)]. When seen by primary care physicians rather than subspecialists, a lower proportion of patients recalled receiving summaries of either their cancer treatments (44.3%, 95% CI: 42.5 to 46.2 vs 50.5%, 95% CI: 49.4 to 51.7%) or follow-up instructions (69.9%, 95% CI: 68.8 to 71.0% vs 78.7%, 95%CI 77.1 to 80.2%), regardless of their cancer type. Conclusions: Regardless of their cancer type, two-thirds of survivors received most of their health care from primary care physicians. Collaborative community-based care within a shared decision-making framework is essential to prioritize and individualize patients' understandings and needs in this growing population.


Simulation is a highly valuable tool for environmental, ecological and forestry research, and in decision making for environmental resources management. Simu...


ABSTRACT Sicydiine gobies are major contributors to Caribbean stream fish biodiversity, and ecosystem functions and services. In the Caribbean, Sicydiine gobies are represented by a single genus, Sicydium, but species-level Sicydium taxonomy and distributions remain unresolved in this region. A previous study posited that four species of Sicydium are present in Puerto Rico, including the recently described Sicydium gilberti; however, that study relied solely on morphological characters, and samples from a limited number of locations. Identification of Sicydium to species in studies with more comprehensive sampling has not occurred due to the impracticality of field identification. In our study, we employed morphological data and Mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase I (mtCOI) genetic sequence data, collected from over 500 Sicydium spp. individuals at 16 broadly distributed sites, to provide an inventory of the species of Sicydium that occur in Puerto Rico. Additionally, we reveal new information on the spatial patterns of distribution, relative abundance, population structure, and observed molecular diversity among Sicydium taxa in Puerto Rico's river systems. This information is essential to advance ecological and evolutionary knowledge of Caribbean fish assemblages, guide stream fish conservation, and to effectively manage fisheries.


The reconstruction of dynamical systems (DSs) from experimental data is investigated. One of the simplest algorithms of reconstructing a rough model system from the results of measurements of a one-dimensional realization of self-sustained oscillations is considered. The possibility of reconstructing a mathematical description using scalar time series obtained both from test experiments with known systems and actual medical-biological experiments is demonstrated. Separate attention is paid to specific features of a number of signals that have medical-biological origin. A possible application of the reconstruction technique to solving the problems of multichannel confidential transmission of information is considered.


Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is a type of etiologically unknown chronic non-specific inflammatory digestive tract disease. Gastrointestinal ultrasound (GIUS) is recommended in the detection of IBD and in the long-term follow up due to its advantages of convenience, economy and free of radiation. This paper discusses the applications and prospects of the traditional ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, ultrasound elastography and intra-cavity contrast-enhanced ultrasound techniques in IBD.

Key words:
Inflammatory bowel disease; Gastrointestinal ultrasound; Contrast-enhanced ultrasound; Elastography


Direct Wave Energy Converters offer high reliability potential, which is a key factor in offshore environments, yet their electrical power produced is strongly pulsating. The thermal cycling of their power electronic switches (considered here to be Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors, IGBT) may reduce the lifetime of the power electronic converter. This study proposes a generic design method for choosing both the IGBT current rating and the heatsink thermal resistance in order to satisfy a reliability constraint. A parametric electro-thermal model has thus been developed to determine the junction temperature time series. Moreover, a rainflow cycle counting method is introduced for the reliability analysis and lifetime prediction using two aging models, one for wire bonds, the other for the solder joint of the chip.


Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between depressive symptoms and oral health status in Korean middle-aged women. Methods: We analyzed data from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI). The final sample consisted of 2,691 adults aged 40–64 years. The Chi-squared test was used to assess the rate of depressive symptoms, oral health status, and relationship between oral health status and depressive symptoms. Moreover, logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between depressive symptoms and oral health status. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 program. Results: Overall, 15.1% of subjects experienced depressive symptoms. The rate of depressive symptoms in self-aware oral health, toothache, and mastication problem groups were 19.6%, 19.9%, and 25.3%, respectively. Compared to other groups, the likelihood (odds ratio) of having depressive symptoms was 1.47 (95% confidence interval [CI] : 1.16-1.88), 1.58 (95% CI: 1.22-2.04), and 1.73 (95% CI: 1.32-2.28) higher in self-aware bad oral health, toothache, and mastication problem groups, respectively. Conclusions: We found an association between depressive symptoms and oral health status. Thus, oral health status should be evaluated as a potential risk factor for depressive symptoms.


Abstract : The object of this investigation was to explore the behavior and strength in shear of uniformly-loaded reinforced concrete frames. Eleven frames were tested, all under-reinforced in the horizontal member. Eight frames had no web reinforcement, while three had web reinforcement in the horizontal member in the form of bent bars symmetrically placed about midspan. Two different clear spans were used, six and ten feet; and two different ratios of horizontal to vertical load, onethird and two-thirds. The reinforcement was provided so as to be approximately in proportion to the maximum positive and negative moments thus produced, using typical ratios of moment to axial load. Of the eight frames without web reinforcement tested, the four with longer span failed in diagonal tension, and the four with shorter spans failed in shear-compression. For a given span length, the load carrying capacity was not greatly increased with increasing axial load. Using the test data, a relationship was found between the shear at critical section and the axial load, both at cracking load. The ratio of axial load to shear at cracking was related to another independent parameter, the degree of fixity. The ratio of axial load to shear at cracking at the critical section seemed to depend on the span length and on the ratio of horizontal to vertical load, in addition to the degree of fixity. However, the effects of these additional variables could not be determined precisely from the limited number of tests made so far.


Local Government Law(Law 23/2014) has mandated some government affairs to the provincial and local government. It consists of absolute, concurrent and general affairs. The concurrent government affair consists of compulsory and optional local government affairs. The aim of the research is to find out the good elements of forming the local compulsory government affairs and the pattern of correlation between those elements. And how the creation of a system of public policy (technological measures) relating to the Mandatory Regional Affairs in the Government of Ciamis District. This research methodology uses a qualitative approach, in which the corelation of forming elements in the compulsory affairs is assessed using correlation approach (corelation pattern) to determine the structure of the implementation of local compulsory government affairs. It uses study of primary and secondary documents plus interviews with respondents. The study found that the Ciamis District Government has implemented a whole of government issues regional. Efforts to create a system of public policy relating to the affairs of the regions in Ciamis in improving performance achievements can be done through capacity building and human resource capabilities and cultural transformation apparatus. Keywords— public policy, implementation, compulsory local government affairs


Festac Town Housing Estate, Phase One, was conceived as a livable estate in the '70s. This work utilises the study design approach to investigate the residents' level of satisfaction, and the infrastructures that are less effective. The cardinal question would be whether the estate meets the needs and aspirations of its over one million residents with reference to available social infrastructures. From a stratified sampling of 210 Festac residents, 81.4% response rate was attained. The main variables to the study are the level of satisfaction with the social infrastructure, and affordability. Pearsons' chi-square and Crammer's V symmetric measures were employed to make inferences about the weak statistical association between social infrastructures and livability, and the state of local vigilante patrol, health centres, open space/playgrounds, primary schools, kindergarten schools and colleges, shopping centres, police patrol, markets, petrol filling stations, and house rental, which exhibited least influences on livability. The study validates UN (2002) and McNeil and Dollery (1999). However, the Estate is not able to satisfy the demands and aspirations of the residents along the scale of social infrastructures. It invokes the attention of the authorities for comprehensive upgrades, while emphasising the need to increase the mass housing stock.


The catalog of X-ray sources detected during the NRL Large Area Sky Survey (LASS) with the HEAO 1 satellite is presented. The catalog is derived from the first six months of data from HEAO 1 and includes sources detected during one full scan. Positions and intensities for a total of 842 different sources are included, with a limiting flux of 250 nJy at 5 keV. The catalog is more than 90 percent complete at a flux level equivalent to 1.5 microjoules at 5 keV for a Crab-like spectrum. Cross-references with published literature are provided and coincidental identifications are proposed for some of the sources which have been never studied before. A cross-sectional line drawing of the sensor module of HEAO I is also provided.


Community College is an adult-focused academic institution emphasizing vocational training, two-year associate degrees, specialized health care training, advanced fire science, and community-based education. All aspects of our society, the economy, higher education in general, and Community Colleges, in particular, have been struck due to the Covid-19 Pandemic. The changing circumstances of the Community Colleges due to COVID-19 required key leaders to utilize resources to meet this unprecedented challenge. This research paper attempts to uncover the effects of Covid-19 on Community Colleges. This study found that higher education institutions should have recognized that students often need to prepare for College. Continued solidarity from all stakeholders and a multiprong approach will be needed to mitigate the negative impacts of a pandemic such as COVID-19.


Sikimyeo and communicate the position data of the mobile station, improving the positioning data, and communicates the assistance data to the optimum, and implementing a system, device and method to reduce the Lee bead of the position request message the measurement in and / or wireless network.


Purpose – The aim of this paper is to present a model in which the relationship between Muslims' involvement with traveling to Islamic destinations and Islamic destination brand equity is investigated. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the existing theoretical and empirical research on involvement and brand equity in tourism marketing and the literature on Muslim tourists' needs and culture, a conceptual model for Muslim tourists is developed. The model investigates the relationships between Muslims' psychological motivations for traveling to Islamic destinations and the evaluation of destination Islamic brand. Findings – The study shows that the more Muslims are involved in traveling to Islamic destinations, the more likely they evaluate the key dimensions of destination Islamic brand. This is demonstrated by the influence of Muslims' involvement on their awareness of Islamic destinations, their image of the Islamic destination attributes, the perceived quality of Islamic offerings, the perceived Is...


The axial velocity spread is measured using a pin-hole and phosphor screen. The measured data is compared with the theoretical estimation. The theoretical calculations are performed by using a new single-cusp gun theory that shows the possibility of fairly low velocity spreads. In this experiment, a 30 kV, 1.0 A Pierce-type electron gun was used, with a peak magnetic flux density of 4.38 kG. The magnetic field has an asymmetric magnetic cusp by which the electron beam can be made to be an axis-encircling electron beam. The result of the preliminary measurement of the axial velocity spread follows closely the theoretically estimated values. The minimum value of the axial velocity spread is about 2%.


In this article we study an optimal design problem for a nonstandard growth Steklov eigenvalues ruled by the g−Laplacian operator. More precisely, given Ω ⊂ R and α, c > 0 we analyze existence and symmetry properties of solution of the optimization problem inf{λ(α,E) : E ⊂ Ω, |E| = c}, where, for a suitable function u(α,E), λ(α,E) solves { −div(g(|∇u|) ∇u |∇u| ) + (1 + αχE)g(|∇u|) ∇u |∇u| = 0 in Ω, g(|∇u|) ∇u |∇u| · η = λg(|u|) u |u| on ∂Ω being g the derivative of a Young function, and η the unit outward normal derivative. We analyze the behavior of the optimization problem as α approaches infinity and its connection of the trace embedding for Orlicz-Sobolev functions.


Past and Ongoing researches in crime prevention all over the world involved policing as fundamental machinery. The future of criminology demands a proactive approach by police where by the crimes are averted beforehand for damage control in society. With the advent of technology 'Comp stat policing' and 'predictive policing', for past 16 years in United States by 'crime mapping' have shown potential in dealing with crimes and consequently been adopted by other developing nations. In India, policing is facing a globalized challenge of accepting innovative policing in resource mobilization according to crime pattern and dealing with contemporary crimes. This paper brings in the Indian police transformation in past few decades and the extent of feasibility of Innovative policing in India by introducing 'Predictive policing' in localized territories.


Should we solve geometry problems using calculators? This study identified the effect of using (and not using) calculators during calculations on geometry problems sets, as well as the perceived impact on the use of calculators based on students', parents' and school administrators' perception in a school in Bangkok, Thailand. This study combined both qualitative (survey and interview) and quantitative techniques (experiment) to address the research problem. Findings revealed that the performance of students who used calculators in the experiment did not significantly differ with those who did not which suggests that non-usage of calculators will not affect solving geometry problems, at least in the context of Thai Math education. Further, survey showed that students only used calculators 'sometimes' outside class and gave diverse responses when asked why. Interview with parents, students and administrators showed transcript extracts mostly on their agreement to use calculators in geometry class citing the convenience and speed of doing problems but implied a negative impact on their academic performance in math problems in the real world. This study could provide a baseline information on the use of calculators in the teaching of Math lessons for other nationalities.


The severe snow and freezing-rain in January 2008 affected the Southern China.The heavy snow storm mainly occurred in the Yangtze and Huaihe River Valleys,and the freezing-rain affected from Guizhou,Hunan,Jiangxi to Zhejiang Provinces.The damage that the storm caused was very serious,with the economic losses of about 151.65 billion Yuan,and particularly the damage of power delivery infrastructure in the Southern China.The atmospheric processes associated with the storm are analyzed.During the storm period,a large blocking circulation system stayed over the Asian continent with a blocking high pressure to the north of the Lake Baikal and a cut-off low near the Caspian Sea.There was a strong jet stream in the upper troposphere extending from the Mediterranean Sea,Tibetan Plateau,South China to the southern part of Japan.The blocking circulation system lasted for 22 days.During the storm period there was a quasi-stationary front in the Southern China with a frontal zone extending from the coast of South China in the lower troposphere to the Yangtze and Huaihe River Valley in the middle troposphere.At that time,cold air was shifted southward at low levels leading to a cold air damming.At mid-levels(850-200 hPa),a southerly flow advected warm and moist air from the South China Sea,forming a melting layer(t0 ℃) in the Southern China which is a necessary condition for the formation of freezing-rain.There was a long-lived developing Rossby wave packet along the jet stream over the Southern Asia leading to the formation of a trough(at 85°E) and ridge(at 135°E) pair over the Southern China,enhancing the advection of warm and moist air in the Southern China.These meteorological conditions are commonly associated with winter snow and ice storms in the Southern China.During the storm period there were regions of cyclonic potential vorticity which advected from the cut-off low near the Caspian Sea along the jet stream over the Tibetan Plateau downstream to the quasi-stationary front in the Southern China on 16-22 January,25-29 January and 30 January-2 February 2008,respectively.The advection of cyclonic potential vorticity to the frontal zone is a favorable condition for the frontgenesis of the stationary front in the Southern China,leading to heavy snow and severe freezing-rain in January 2008 in Southern China.


For generating a signal to be transmitted originating information is encoded into a main channel and a secondary channel, the secondary channel is more robust against channel influences than the main channel. , The main channel is on the receiver side then when the reception quality is above a threshold that is required to perform a successful decode of the main channel is reproduced. However, the reception quality falls below this threshold, then the secondary channel is reproduced, which may have fewer bits than the main channel and which is a correspondingly lower quality representation of the original information as the main channel.


In the scientific style of the Russian language, of particular interest are multicomponent complex sentences of heterogeneous subordination. They allow decomposing a complex idea into components and conveying it to the addressee intelligibly, which is very important in the texts of mathematical works. However, such constructions cannot be considered as a "mechanicalˮ coupling of different sentences – it is an integral communicative unit that has a single modality in which the dominant syntactic connection can be distinguished. The most productive construction in the scientific style is a three-component complex sentence of heterogeneous subordination, where the main part is combined with a component of an indivisible structure (object, attributive, pronominal-conjunction correlative clauses) and one conditional clause. In the text of mathematical works, where the course of logical reasoning is of great importance, the conditional part helps to identify the connection between two situations, to clearly structure scientific thought, and it contributes to the implementation of the text-forming function of such constructions. The material for the study was the works of famous mathematicians of the 20th – 21st century, the authors of a number of scientific papers and textbooks in the field of algebraic and differential topology, the presentation style of which is considered classical in the scientific community. The article explores various cases of combining a conditional and a component of an indivisible structure in one complex sentence. Structural and semantic features of constructions with prepositive, interpositive and postpositive conditional components are considered. The most pronounced conditional semantics is manifested in the first case; while in the latter case, the conditional clause acquires an additional, restrictive connotation. The subordinate part of the indivisible type loses its independence, becomes like a semi-predicative unit and closely merges with the main part. In a complex sentence, two organising centres are created – in the main clause and in the conditional clause. Thus, it turns out that the multicomponent syntactic construction is in a state of equilibrium, where the complex main clause is balanced by the conditional subordinate part. Such a division coincides with the actual division of the sentence and is easier for the reader to perceive.


The aim of this study was to investigate different stapes surgery techniques in relation to hearing outcome and risk for complications such as tinnitus, hearing deterioration, dizziness, and taste disturbance.


Abstract The search for improvements in the ability to deliver services that meet user requests has led to the develo-pment of numerous projects aimed at service discovery, which is an important stage in the composition process. This discovery has required adaptations aimed at finding suitable devices for accessing services and increasing its capacity. This has led to advances toward the concept of ubiquitous computing. This paper presents a mechanism which uses the concepts of user preferences, device specifications, and delivery context, in order to assist the discovery of services in ubiquitous environments. The proposed discovery mechanism works based on BPEL processes, which represents the services available in the ubiquitous network. They are abstracted to a formal representation of Graphs in order to move the BPEL files matching problem towards Gra-phs matching. This makes it possible to obtain an approximate matching in the absence of a service that totally matches user requirements.


The caspase 8 -mediated cleavage of cytosolic, inactive p22 BID at internal Asp sites yields a major p15 and minor p13 and p11 fragments. After myristoylation, tBID translocates to mitochondria as an integral membrane protein.


Based on the theory of arc-suppression apparatus,a method to measure the capacitive current of resonant grounding system was proposed in this paper.Simulation experiment on Matlab platform proved the sim-plicity and accuracy of this method.


AbstractAlgal colonization on facade structure is a common phenomenon which significantly deteriorates the service quality of buildings and may even affect the health of residents. Thus, predicting the colonization progress of algae can be helpful to establish appropriate schedules and methods of building maintenance. This research investigates a machine learning solution for estimating algal colonization growth on mortar surfaces that relies on an artificial neural network (ANN). A data set of 539 experimental data samples has been collected to construct the proposed approaches. The cross-validation process reveals that the ANN has achieved an outstanding prediction performance with the correlation of determination (R2)=0.91 and the root-mean square error (RMSE)=5.69.


The contributions of trapped and untrapped particles to the longitudinal permeability of a toroidal plasma are analyzed for radio frequency waves in a wide range of frequencies, mode numbers, and plasma parameters. A collisionless plasma model of an axisymmetric tokamak with circular magnetic surfaces and large aspect ratio is considered. The analytical expressions of the longitudinal permeability elements are obtained by using the kinetic theory of dielectric tensor components, where the Vlasov equation is solved as a boundary-value problem. The radial structures of the imaginary part of the longitudinal permeability (for both the untrapped and trapped particles) are studied for parabolic profiles of plasma density, temperature, and tokamak safety factor. The results of the paper are interesting for the problems of Alfven (and lower-hybrid) resonance heating and current drive by the Cerenkov dissipation mechanism of the waves in toroidal plasmas.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a reverted way to design electrical machines. The authors present a work flow that systematically yields electrical machine geometries from given air gap fields.

Design/methodology/approach

The solution process exploits the inverse Cauchy problem. The desired air gap field is inserted to this as the Cauchy data, and the solution process is stabilized with the aid of linear algebra.

Findings

The results are verified by solving backwards the air gap fields in the standard way. They match well with the air gap fields inserted as an input to the system.

Originality/value

The paper reverts the standard design work flow of electrical motor by solving directly for a geometry that yields the desired air gap field. In addition, a stabilization strategy for the underlying Cauchy problem is introduced.


This chapter discusses the role of international organizations in the production and dissemination of knowledge. Outlining a notion of epistemic authority suitable for international organizations (distinguishing between authority based on knowledge, and authority by means of knowledge), it then zooms in on the work of the International Telecommunication Union, one of the oldest (and least visible) international organizations around. The analysis of the ITU's work, in turn, feeds back into further thinking about the law of international organizations: how, if at all, can the law and its underlying theoretical framework take epistemic authority into account?


(Received 10 August 2001; revised manuscript received 9 November 2001; published 1 March 2002) A suspended platinum nanowire was observed to have the same helical multishell structure (HMS) that was reported for gold nanowires thinner than 2 nm. The investigation was made in an ultrahigh vacuum high-resolution electron microscope (JEM-2000VF). The platinum nanowire was synthesized by an electron-beam thinning method at elevated temperatures to enhance the Pt atom migration. A platinum multishell nanowire was thinned by migration until it finally snapped. In the meantime, the outer shell was stripped from a 13-6 HMS to partially expose the inner shell. Simulated electron microscope images supported that the exposed inner shell was a single-wall tube having a tunnel at the wire axis.


This paperwork describes and refers to the structure of neuronal networks who make up the system we use for predicting wire breaking, the way they have been used and implemented; and the use and implementation of the entire system. Before testing the networks, we must identify the design of the RNA input curves. We should identify it experimentally, using the same measurements as for the continuous cast process. For using the serial-dynamic and space network, we need a large amount of data, more than the data that a thermo-couple uses during 120 seconds. Thus, specialists have had to design new software in order to stimulate the difference curves we should use for each network input. Because dynamic-serial networks follow the same pattern of data input, we have preferred to use only one serial-dynamic network and clone the others. We have performed the same in case of space networks whose input data are the same output data from two of the dynamic-serial networks.


This paper introduces the matting problem in complex background,and puts forward a new matting technology called segment approximation algorithm.First,the differential background is proposed using background-updating model.Then rough seg- mentation and fine segmentation are used to create character edge connected component according to segment approximation algo- rithm.Finally the character outline is extracted using Laplaeian operator,and the matting is completed by replacing original images.


This paper consists in a theoretical study about the use of critical pedagogy in organization studies education. We intent to contribute with the studies about Paulo Freire's theory on critical education, pointing out its importance to the phenomenon analyzed. When discussing Freire's theory we will present some theoretical influences, such as Critical Theory of Frankfurt School. It will be discussed elements of critical pedagogy like the relationship between teacher and student, pointing out for its political relevance and the importance of critical conscience. Through these reflections we intend to contribute to the organization studies education, collaborating for its praxis and epistemological enrichment.


Abstract An analysis of the World Health Organization terminology for disability indicates the influ-ence of the social model of disability in the In-ternational Classification of Functioning, Dis-ability, and Health . This theoretical framework should guide any translations of the document. In Brazil, the document was translated as Clas-sificacao Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saude . We argue that more ap-propriate than translating disability as " inca-pacidade " and impairments as " deficiencias " would be to use the term " deficiencia " for dis-ability and " lesao " for impairment. Consider-ing the normative impact of a WHO document for social policy and international research, the translation should accurately reflect the con-cepts and their theoretical basis.Terminology; Diseases Classification; Public Poli-cies Introducao A publicacao da International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) pela Or-ganizacao Mundial da Saude (OMS), em 2001, e considerada um marco no debate sobre defi-ciencia


Rifampin (Rf) is currently recommended as prophylaxis for household and day-care center contacts of patients with H. influenzae invasive diseases. Rapid development of bacterial resistance (R) to this drug is well-documented. Because Rf plays an important role in treatment of other conditions such as staphylococcal infections, streptococcal carriage, and TB, we investigated the effect of Rf 20 mg/kg once a day for 4 days on the nasopharyngeal (NP) flora of 17 children. NP swabs were obtained before Rf prophylaxis and 48 hrs post therapy. As shown in the Table, the vast majority of the isolates recovered before Rf treatment were sensitive (S) to Rf, while the large majority isolated following Rf prophylaxis were Rf resistant (MIC ≥ 5 μg/ml).This rapid development of Rf resistant flora in our population suggests the possible need to re-evaluate current prophylaxis recommendations either to limit the treated population or to add another anitbiotic in order to prevent emergence of R strains.


Accounts of single combat between heroic figures feature prominently in descriptions of battle that can be found in the works of historians of the middle and late periods of Byzantine history. This article investigates the characteristics of single combat in Byzantine historiography and examines how different authors used descriptions of single combat to promote their agenda and praise the military virtues of their heroes. Moreover, it discusses the impact of Homer, Old Testament, Byzantine epic and Western European ideals on the concept and descriptions of duelling in Byzantium.


Differential ingestion and utilization of microbial food resources by adult and naupliar stages of the salt marsh harpacticoid copepod Nitocra lacustris were examined with laboratory and field techniques. 14C-radiolabelling experiments indicate that adult stages probably receive a large part of their nutrition by the ingestion and assimilation of certain diatoms. Observations of field-collected individuals support these findings, showing an abundance of empty diatom frustules in their gut-pellet contents. However, naupliar stages do not ingest diatoms in the laboratory, and field-collected individuals do not contain frustules in their gut-pellets. In the laboratory ingestion of diatoms appears to first occur during the second or third copepodite stage. Both adults and nauplii ingest bacteria adhering to the outer diatom mucus coating (and probably ingest the diatom mucus itself) as 3 evidenced by H-radiolabel experiments, and grazing experiments using bacterium-sized beads adhering to the diatoms. Adults ingest bacteria (and probably mucus exopolymer) coincidently while ingesting diatoms. The nauplii however, ingest these components by scraping the outer surface of the diatoms (SEM observations indicate that diatoms are not punctured by the nauplii during feeding). Preliminary available evidence indicates that while diatom-mucus and associated bacteria play a role (as yet unquantified) in the nutrition of the adult, these components may comprise the bulk of food-resources for naupliar stages.


: Blood cultures are procedures that aid in evaluation of microorganisms present in the blood and guide the treatment of various pathogens leading to blood stream infections and the most dreaded complication sepsis: To study the distribution of bacterial flora and antimicrobial susceptibility in blood stream infections (BSI) in adults and pediatric patients including neonates.: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of Microbiology, ESIC Medical College and hospital, Hyderabad over a period of 1 year, from January 2020 to December 2020. During this period, 1681 samples received from various in patient department were processed according to standard laboratory guidelines and findings were observed.: WHO net software was used to analyze the data.: On analysis of all the samples, 208(12.4%) samples were culture positive. Among them Gram positive bacteria were 55.2 % and Gram negative were 44.8%. Coagulase negative Staphylococcuswas the predominant isolate among Gram positiveGram-positive,resistance to35%34.3xtensivelyXDR)Maximumresistanceprescription and usage.: Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of bacterial infections can make difference between life and death. It would reduce mortality from septicemia and improve patient management.


INTRODUCTION The complex character of a large-scale and the long-term consequences of a nuclear accident requires the use of a great number of models and corresponding computer systems for the analysis of consequences and comparison of a set of alternatives for decision-making aiding on realisation of protective/rehabilitative measures (countermeasures, CMs). However, process of using computer decision support systems (DSSs) when making decisions on site-specific CMs for liquidating the long-term consequences of the Chernobyl accident is unsatisfactory. The majority of computer systems developed are intended for the analysis of consequences in the first (acute) period of liquidating the consequences of an accident or have information character; some models are intended only for the analysis of specific problems or research (migration of radionuclides in soil, dose estimation, etc.). To the beginning of 90's a series of models and computer systems for the estimation of the consequences of a nuclear accident had been developed (MARC, UFOMOD, FARMLAND, PATHWAY, ECOSYS, LENA, RECASS, RIMNET, SPEEDI, COSYMA and others). Then the development of computer systems was continued with consideration of new models, data and tendency of up-to-date information technologies and requirements to the applied DSSs (including the use of geographic information systems, GIS). First of all, the RODOS system/project should be noted here [1]. Several computer systems for assessing the consequences of a nuclear accident have been developed in Russia; in this series the RECASS system (Typhoon, Obninsk) and MIS CHERNOBYL (NSI, Moscow) should be pointed out [1]. A description of the original PRANA DSS as a site-specific GIS-DSS and different its versions/modifications are briefly presented below.


We motivate why models of social networks on small time and space scales and especially social situations are valuable for new useful social networking services that are context aware and socially aware. A model for social situations and pragmatic approaches for instantiating such models with the help of mobile devices is introduced. Two example applications are discussed: Social Life-logging and a communication service with social situations as recipients. Social Life-logging aims at the recording and later retrieval of social situations, which represent valuable granularity elements that simplify retrieval and improve usefulness in comparison or in addition to known multimedia-based life-logging concepts. Social situations as recipients for communication acts support an interesting new mode of communication.


Peirce's Pheme directs interpretation of narratives via a "series of surprises" (ep2:154). The indexical and iconic elements inherent in Phemes are particularly potent in forcing attention and depicting relevant events. Index intrudes upon interpreters' consciousness to notice the unexpected consequence; but icons exploit vividness. As imperatives, Phemes compel particular behaviors (1906: ms295). When narratives are portrayed in pictures, interpreters remember happenings in which Phemes feature surprising percepts, evoking an attentional response, and securing a confluence of events in memory.
 Findings from children's narrations demonstrate that events represented by Phemes are more often included in children's retellings, because surprising images command active participation. This viewpoint impels listeners to build episodes, ascribing meanings across events, and proposing rationale for novel outcomes.


The percentage of hatching of the silkworm eggs is the important index of the quality inspection of the silkworm eggs,Control the deviation of the percentage of hatching among samples is the key point of ensuring the accuracy of the percentage of hatching.Through the analyses of theories,we give the control method of the deviation of the percentage of hatch- ing of samples.When the confidence level is under 1-α,the biggest random deviation of the percentage of hatching between two samples is about u_(2/α)(?).And through the investigation of reality,we conduct the concrete analyses and comparisons of the theoretical methods.This article provides a set of practicable plans of controlling the deviation of the per- centage of hatching for the produce of the silkworm industry.


The article presents the results of theoretical analysis of psychological competence from the point of view of the competence approach in education. The author's definition of psychological competence as an ability of personality to self-knowledge, self-control, to effective communication and interaction with other people, self-development and self-realization is offered. The basic components of psychological competence are defined and characterized. It is concluded that psychological competence is the key competence of a modern specialist.


Bamboo forests are important forest type in subtropical and tropical region in the world. Due to its biological characteristic and growth habits, bamboos are not only an ideal economic investment that can be utilized in many different manners but also has enormous potential for eco-restoration of degraded lands. Bamboos are one of those communities which rapidly colonized disturbed lands due to their adaptability and nutrient conservation ability. Bamboo protects steep slopes, soils, water ways, prevents soil erosion, sequester carbon and brings many other ecosystem benefits. The impact of bamboo growth on the soil may be different at their species level and it is expected that there is a large increase in the microbial biomass, particularly, in the rhizosphere zone as they do not provide only a larger root surface area but enhances the soil fertility. The important role of microbial biomass in enhancement of soil fertility has been evaluated in various terrestrial ecosystems and found to play crucial role in nitrogen and phosphorous dynamics. Hence, data pertaining to the microbial biomass influenced by bamboo growth need to be used as a potential index for soil nutrient recovery during the restoration of degraded ecosystems. The role of bamboo in eco-restoration of degraded land has received huge attention of ecologists, foresters and soil scientists. However, further extensive research is required for better insights in this aspect.


Two-dimensional (2D) barcodes technology are becoming one of the foremost tools used in business industry precisely, in marketing strategies and business promotions, particularly using the quick response code (QR-Codes). Although, its applications are still in vague to the common man whose usage of the technology would help to ease his everyday life. This paper illustrates how the use of the QR Code technology can help to improve the experience of the users particularly in the field of retailing. The illustration featured a prototype system showing how code can be used as an alternative to the normal shopping process in some retail stores thereby easing off difficulties faced by shoppers while shopping through the use of their smartphones and at the same time providing opportunity to harness some of the potentials of both the QR code technology and their smartphones. RAD design (Throwaway Prototyping) methodology was used in the development of the system and PHP scripting language was used to generate the QR codes and designing the interface, MySQL Server served as the backend tool for the prototype system. The developed prototype was successfully tested and illustrated as a domain study in a private institution. Keywords-quick response code (QR-code); 2D matrix; barcode; smartphone; user experience


We previously found that the JNK-interacting proteins JIP1b and JIP2 associate with the cytoplasmic domain of the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein (APP) (Taru, H., Iijima, K., Hase, M., Kirino, Y., Yagi, Y., and Suzuki, T. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 20070–20078). This interaction involves the carboxyl-terminal phosphotyrosine interaction (PI) domain of JIP1b or JIP2 and the GYENPTY motif in the APP cytoplasmic domain. The expression of JIP1b stabilizes immature APP and suppresses the production of a secreted large extracellular amino-terminal domain of APP, the generation of a cleaved intracellular carboxyl-terminal fragment of APP, and the secretion of β-amyloid 40 and 42. Deletion of the PI domain or alteration of PI amino acid residues prevents JIP1b from interacting with APP and affecting its metabolism, but deletion of the JNK-binding domain of JIP1b has no effect. JIP2, a weaker APP-binding protein, does not influence the processing of APP, although it is known that both JIP1b and JIP2 equally regulate the JNK signaling cascade. The present results suggest that JIP1b can directly modulate APP metabolism by interacting with the APP cytoplasmic domain, independent of its regulation of the JNK signaling cascade.


To develop the mental hygiene work in high acdemic school,this will make the students' mental healthy.When the teachers carry on the training of morality,the development of intelligence and creatitive,they must grasp the true intension of mental health and the six standards of mental health and the six methods to develop mental health.


This paper investigates pullout behavior of embedded deformed bars in concrete under coupled transverse shear arising at a crack of reinforced concrete. It was experimentally proven that the pullout capacity, which reaches yield of steel section at a crack under umaxial tension, does not come up with full yielding of the critical section where the axial stress gets maximum, but the ultimate limit state is reached not at the RC crack plane but inside location in which induced curvature by shear slip of crack takes place. It is concluded under higher reinforcement ratio and/or flatter planes of concrete joints, coupling of pullout and transverse shear of steel at a crack cannot be ignored in structural analysis.


ABSTRACT The genus Vigna contains important crops such as cowpea and mungbean. Wild Vigna showing higher salt tolerance than Vigna crops were screened and their tolerance mechanisms are discussed. Primary screening using 7 Vigna crops and 23 wild Vigna under 300 mM NaCl selected V. luteola, V. marina and V. vexillata. A study under different salt concentrations revealed the highest survival ability of V. marina. Diversity of salt tolerance in each species was revealed using a total of 230 accessions. Growth and physiological responses under 150 mM NaCl were then compared using two selected accessions from each species. The pattern of Na+ accumulation in roots, stems and leaves suggested that V. vexillata (V1) and V. luteola (L8, L9) are 'Na+ excluder' type, while V. marina (M1, M4) is 'Na+ includer' type. V. luteola (L8, L9) showed the highest dry matter production under control condition and well-maintained shoot dry weight under salt stress. Interestingly, V. luteola (L9) accumulated the highest Na+ in roots (3000 μM g−1) and increased root dry weight under salt stress, which might work as Na+ reservoir restricting Na+ transition to the leaves, leading to the increased photosynthetic rate. V. luteola has great potential in areas where moderate salt damage occurs. V. marina (M1, M4) accumulated Na+ at high level in roots, stem, and leaves. Under salt stress, they increased stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and photosynthetic rate, which suggested the adaptational regulation of aquaporin gene expression. V. marina will be useful as food, pasture and phytoremediation legumes in highly salt-damaged areas.


On the part of dehydration principle,equipment features,equipment investment,spare part consumption and direct cost and others,application of Linatex vibrating-dewatering screen in recovering tailings sands from ore treat plant was introduced.Real production results indicated that more than 0.15 million tons tailings sands could be recovered in one year by utilizing the dewatering screen.


In this study the 'Justifiability DiagnosticSurvey of MMPI-2RF in the way of scrupulosity Tribulation'was considered and the main question was that if renewed questionaree of MMPI-2RF have Justifiability Diagnostic in scrupulosity Tribulation-obligity? Method of survey was psychometrics. Statistical society and pepoel who were engaged in scrupulosity Tribulation should have it's remarks and refered to consultancy center or Therapeutic clinics and visited Psychologist or Psychiatris, so among five therapeutic centermiad, part 1 of legal razi hospital, part 2 of legal Razi hospital, Shafa center 2, 30 sample was selected. Applied tools was renewed MMPI- 2RFquestionarre which was valid and Justifiability.Statistical single T and independent T methods was used to compare normal and Scrupulous people. In Justifiability Diagnosticcoefficient of sensitivity, accuracy and precision were used. The results showed that the reconstructed form of Minnesota Multiphase Personality characteristics questionareehad discriminant validity, and there wassignificant difference between normal and Scrupulous people. significant difference was observed between two group only in the scale of introversion and social avoidance. Test have Justifiability Diagnostic and able to separate normal and Scrupulous people through thought Inadequacy, Irritant Ideas, Negative upsetter Emotion, stress and Mental Neurosis.


Based on the Directorate Report General's Horticulture, the contribution of vegetable horticulture agriculture tends to increase, where the GDP of vegetable horticulture has increased by 9.86%. In 2016, cabbage is a vegetable horticultural commodity that has the highest production amount in Indonesia, and the poor district is one of the major producers of commodities cabbage in eastern Java. Generalized Space-Time Autoregressive (GSTAR) is a multivariate time series model that considers site aspects with heterogeneous location characteristics. The purpose of this study was to model cabbage production in Malang Regency using the GSTAR model. Selection criteria for the best model to use the value of the root mean square error (RMSE) and the value of R The results showed that the GSTAR model (1,2) is the best model for modeling cabbage production and has good forecasting accuracy to predict cabbage production in Malang Regency.


Leaf area index (LAI) is a valuable indicator used in vegetation growth monitoring. To optimize the index selection according to the type of remote sensing data and to improve the inversion accuracy of LAI, this article analyzes the influence of different bandwidths on the accuracy of the inversion model based on vegetation indices. First, the simulation dataset is generated by the PROSAIL model, and on this basis, 15 vegetation indices with high correlation coefficients with LAI. Then, by analyzing the sensitivity of these 15 indices to the variations in bandwidth, and to the coefficient of determination (R2) of the LAI inversion model with the variations of bandwidth, the influence of different bandwidths on the accuracy of LAI estimation by each index is determined. The results show that bandwidth is one of the most important factors in determining the accuracy of LAI inversion, and the influence on different vegetation indices can be divided into the following three categories. First, narrowband vegetation index, the accuracy of inversion models built by vegetation indices decreases with the increase of bandwidth, including SR[800,680], OSAVI, MTVI2, SR[752,690], RDVI, NDCI, and NVI. Second, middleband vegetation index, the accuracy first increases and then decreases with the increase of bandwidth, including SR[700,670], Carte5, and SR[675,700]. Third, broadband vegetation index, the accuracy increases with the increase of bandwidth, including SPVI, Carte2, OSAVI2, MTVI1, and NDVI705. The study provides a scientific basis for vegetation index optimization in the process of LAI inversion.


Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a polyphagous and migratory pest from the Americas. Since its invasion into China at the beginning of 2019, it has spread to 21 provinces (Autonomous Regions, Municipalities), which might pose a major threat to corn production in China. In order to explore the long-term control system of FAW, we examined the parasitic capacity of five native Trichogramma species on FAW eggs. Furthermore, two Trichogramma species, which performed best against FAW eggs, were reared on FAW eggs for four generations for a possible improvement in performance. The results show that among the tested Trichogramma species, T. dendrolimi had the strongest parasitic capacity on FAW eggs, with an average of 20 parasitized eggs per female wasp, followed by T. bilingensis, which could parasitize 9.6 FAW eggs per female wasp. T. ostriniae could 486 中 国 生 物 防 治 学 报 第 36 卷 rarely parasitize FAW eggs, with only 1 FAW egg per female wasp. After continuous rearing on FAW eggs for four generations, T. dendrolimi did not show a change in parasitic capacity while T. bilingensis showed an increase in fecundity from 9.6 eggs to 13.4 eggs per female. In summary, the five tested Trichogramma species all can parasitize FAW eggs, and the parasitic capacity of T. dendrolimi and T. bilingensis are better than the others. After multi-generational continuous rearing on FAW eggs, the parasitic capacity of T. bilingensis was improved. Thus, the native Trichogramma also has the potential to control FAW.


[14322-02-2] C16H16N2NiO2 (MW 327.00)

InChI = 1S/2C8H9NO.Ni/c2*1-9-6-7-4-2-3-5-8(7)10;/h2*2-6,10H,1H3;/q;;+2/p-2/b2*9-6+;

InChIKey = YAPZUVZXQUDVET-WJTRLQBQSA-L

(used in conjunction with triisobutylaluminum for alkyne coupling,2 allene synthesis,3 and conjugate reduction of α,β-enones5)

Alternate Name: Ni(mesal)2.

Physical Data: mp 195–198 °C, d 1.45 g cm−3, λmax 354 nm (solid).

Solubility: sol alcohol, ether, benzene, CHCl3; slightly sol hexane.

Form Supplied in: olive-green solid, not commercially available.

Preparative Method: easily prepared from a 2:2:1 mixture of salicylaldehyde, methylamine, and nickel acetate in alcohol solution at 60 °C for 1 h. The green solid can be recrystallized from alcohol or from chloroform/petroleum ether.1

Handling, Storage, and Precautions: stable, nonhygroscopic; nickel compounds are cancer suspect agents.


A control method for a hydraulic type continuously variable transmission for suppressing a harmful effect due to the reacceleration just after deceleration of a vehicle. In a hydraulic type continuously variable transmission, the operation of a shifting actuator is stopped to suspend the shift control (S7) when a throttle valve is rapidly opened just after fully closed (S4: Yes) and an engine speed NE [rpm] is being rapidly increased (S6: Yes). Accordingly, even when the actual engine speed NE becomes much greater than a target engine speed T_NE during reacceleration just after deceleration of a vehicle, unexpected shift control (upshifting) can be prevented, so that more desirable torque can be produced.