L - Threonine hydrochloride (LTHCl) and zinc chloride doped L - Threonine hydrochloride crystals are aminoacid compounds which have been successfully grown by slow evaporation method . Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the LTHCl and zinc chloride doped crystals belong to orthorhombic crystal system with space group P21 . UV-vis-NIR absorption spectrum shows that crystals have wide optical window in the range of 190-1100 nm. The functional groups of the grown crystals were analyzed by FT-IR spectral studies. The dielectric property of grown crystals was established by dielectric measurements. Vickers microhardness test was also carried out to elucidate the mechanical behavior of the grown crystals. FESEM - EDAX and ICP-OES studies confirm the presence of zinc chloride in LTHCl crystal . The second harmonic generation (SHG) behaviour of the grown crystals has been confirmed by Kurtz-Perry powder technique and the result shows that the incorporation of zinc chloride in LTHCl has improved the SHG efficiency.


Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most widespread cause of cancer and the sixth foremost cause of cancer death among men worldwide. The sustained presence of particular hormones and growth factors stimulates the prostate, such as other sex accessory tissues, in its growth, maintenance, and secretory function. In the current study, we investigated the association of serum testosterone level and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level before androgen deprivation therapy in metastatic PCa (mPCa) treated with hormone therapy.
Methods: This retrospective cohort was conducted from July 2017 to December 2019 in the Department of Urology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh on patients diagnosed with mPCa of age >40 years. Total serum testosterone was measured by Electro chemiluminescent immune assay before the treatment. PSA in serum specimens was evaluated.
Results: The mean age was 67.74±8.12 (55–80) years. Serum PSA levels at baseline, 3 months were 530.98±617.28 (ng/dL), and 56.31±89.04 (ng/dL), respectively. The baseline S. testosterone was 288.89±246.53 (ng/mL). Weak negative correlation between the two (p=0.051) As the serum testosterone levels decrease the PSA levels increase and vice-versa. Positive correlation between baseline testosterone and PSA decline (p<0.05). On histopathology, 58.7% (n=71) of the patients had perineural involvement, while 41.3% (n=50) did not have perineural involvement.
Conclusion: We conclude that the effect of testosterone might have a possible role in the assessment of treatment response as assessed by PSA. However, the exact implication and its role in disease assessment need to be examined in a larger prospective cohort.


This thesis report is the final element of the Master of Science degree in Industrial Design Engineering at Lulea University of Technology, conducted between January and September 2017 at Saab AB S ...


French Abstract: De nombreux debats portent, en France, sur l'avenir de ce niveau d'administration territoriale que sont les departements. Pour reflechir a cette ques-tion, il convient au prealable de balayer quelques idees recues.English Abstract: Many debates are, in France, on the future of the level of territorial administration that are departments. To consider this question, it is necessary first to sweep received ideas.


TASI can provide abundant useful information for the retrieval of emissivity spectrum and temperature. This paper sums up the progress of land surface temperature; summarize several methods for temperature and emissivity separation analyse the advantage and disadvantage of each method. In addition, This paper establishes regression between MMD and βmin using 274 laboratory reflectance and field emissivity spectra, analyzes its accuracy using the data field measuring, and evaluates urban surface diurnal temperature range. Due to the effects of scale and atmosphere, the predicted value does not equal to the laboratory measurement, but the pattern of predicts is similar to the laboratory measurement; Therefore, the accuracy of this method can satisfy operational application and it is feasible to retrieve the emissivity spectrum and temperature for TASI data. Based on this relation, the TASI thermal infrared data were used for inversion and retrieval of the SiO2 content in the Xuemisitan area. The result of inversion conforms to the geological fact. Keywords- temperature; emissivity; separation; MMD;


In this work the development of different electrochemical measuring instruments for the examination of the electrochemical noise for corrosion is presented. Furthermore a complete conception of a noise measuring setup is given. By means of different measurements the upper limits of the experimental setup were tested. Conclusions are drawn from these measurements for application of noise measurements for the examination of corrosion systems.


Bill Scott and Mark Krempley instruct attendees on risk management basics and how to implement them. A case study of how an organization implemented risk management within its security operations is included.


Pyrrylfulgide was used as rewritable holographic recording medium. He -Ne laser was used to write holograms and UV light was used to erase holograms. Co -polarized and cross-polarized holographic gratings were r espectively recorded and reconstruction images were retrieved. Using conjugated wave of reference beam as reconstruction beam, image aberration could be corrected.


ABSTRACT Anthropogenic activities, such as coal burning for electricity generation, release mercury (Hg), a toxic, bioaccumulative pollutant with potential health impacts primarily borne by specific population groups such as women of child-bearing age and subsistence fishers. Current Hg risk communication efforts and much of the extant research on Hg risk perceptions focus on these groups most at-risk. Little is known about the perceptions of Hg risk among the general public, although their support is required for implementing Hg emissions mitigation policies. We report results from two surveys—one a U.S. nationally representative Internet survey and the other a mail survey of New England residents—on a range of perceptions of the general population regarding Hg risk and its management. Our analysis of quantitative and qualitative data from the surveys point toward some gaps in public understanding of Hg risk, on aspects such as sources of mercury release, agencies responsible for mercury information, and products that contain mercury. Our results suggest that agencies responsible for providing Hg information should go beyond fish advisories and enhance their efforts at wider dissemination of information on Hg risk and its management.


In this paper, the effect of non-uniform heat flux on heat transfer in boundary layer stagnation-point flow over a shrinking sheet is studied. The variable boundary heat fluxes are considered of two types: direct power-law variation with the distance along the sheet and inverse power-law variation with the distance. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into non linear self-similar ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by similarity transformations, and then those are solved using very efficient shooting method. The direct variation and inverse variation of heat flux along the sheet have completely different effects on the temperature distribution. Moreover, the heat transfer characteristics in the presence of non-uniform heat flux for several values of physical parameters are also found to be interesting.


Shape Memory Polymers (SMPs) are a class of polymers, which c an undergo deformation in a flexible state at elevated temperatures, and when cooled below the gl ass transition temperature, while retaining their deformed shape, will enter and remain in a rigid state. Upon h eating above the glass transition temperature, the shape memory polymer will return to its original, unalte red shape. SMPs have been reported to recover strains of over 400%. It is important to understand the stres s and strain recovery behavior of SMPs to better develop constitutive models which predict material behavi or. Initial modeling efforts did not account for large deformations beyond 25% strain. However, a model unde r current development is capable of describing large deformations of the material. This model considers th e coexisting active (rubber) and frozen (glass) phases of the polymer, as well as the transitions between the mat rial phases. The constitutive equations at the continuum level are established with internal state v ariables to describe the microstructural changes associated with the phase transitions. For small deformati ons, the model reduces to a linear model that agrees with those reported in the literature. Thermomechanical characterization is necessary for the de velopment, calibration, and validation of a constitutive model. The experimental data reported in this paper will assist in model development by providing a better understanding of the stress and strain recovery b havior of the material. This paper presents the testing techniques used to characterize the thermomechani al material properties of a shape memory polymer (SMP) and also presents the resulting data. An innovativ e visual-photographic apparatus, known as a Vision Image Correlation (VIC) system was used to measure th e strain. The details of this technique will also be presented in this paper. A series of tensile tests were per formed on specimens such that strain levels of 10, 25, 50, and 100% were applied to the material while it was a bove its glass transition temperature. After deforming the material to a specified applied strain, the mat eri l was then cooled to below the glass transition temperature (T g) while retaining the deformed shape. Finally, the specimen was heated again to above Address all correspondence to this author: lagoudas@tamu. edu 1 the transition temperature, and the resulting shape recove ry profile was measured. Results show that strain recovery occurs at a nonlinear rate with respect to time. Res ults also indicate that the ratio of recoverable strain/applied strain increases as the applied strain incr eases. INTRODUCTION Intelligent systems, or systems that can sense and react to their environment autonomously, represent a rapidly growing sector of technology. These systems often exploit the properties of active materials to accomplish the desired sensing or actuation response Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs), shape memory ceramics, and piezoelectrics are a few examples of active materials that have been heavily researched and have been developed and utilized in a wide range of applications, such as oil exploration, medical, and aerospace industries [1, 2]. Another such type of material is Shape Memory Polymers (SMPs). While both SMPs and the more widely researched SMAs have the ability to recover an apparently permanent deformation due to thermal manipulation, SMPs have the unique ability to recover strains up to 400% [3]. In addition, SMPs have a lower density and lower manufacturing and processing costs than SMAs. Recent research efforts exemplify the heightened interest in the use of SMP in modern applications. For instance, Lockheed Martin and Hypercomp/NextGen are developing and testing morphing wings using smart materials. These wings are expected to adjust the surface area based on the current flying conditions, with possible area increases of 300%. In this project, funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), SMPs are being considered as a possible choice for the skin of the wing [4]. Furthermore, in an effort to boost the naturally low stiffness and low recovery stress of SMPs, efforts are underway to create composites using a shape memory polymer matrix material [5,6]. The material response allowing for strain recovery in SMPs is known as a shape memory effect. This phenomenon includes the transition between two material phases glass and rubber. Materials in the glass phase possess a higher elastic modulus and will not deform easily. Conversely, materials above the glass transition temperature, and thus in the rubber phase, are much softer and can be deformed to large values of applied strain. The thermomechanical cycle for recovering a seemingly irrecoverable deformation, discussed in detail in references [7,8], is summarized in the following steps: 1. Heat the material to above the glass transition temperature,Tg while maintaining a zero-stress. 2. Deform the material at the elevated temperature to the desired strain level. 3. At a constant applied strain on the SMP, cool to below Tg. 4. Release the load on the specimen. 5. Heat the material a second time to above Tg to recover original shape. Using the knowledge of the shape memory mechanism employed by SMPs, predictive models are created to accurately depict the material response. Such models require thorough experimental characterization. Initial modeling efforts have represented SMPs as a discrete spring-dashpot system [7, 9]. Additional models have been created to capture the small deformation material response. At small levels of deformation, the strain recovery behavior can be approximated as linear behavior [8]. While advances have been made in SMP modeling, existing models still cannot adequately capture the unique large-deformation recovery. Chen and Lagoudas recently developed an SMP model which accounts for the nonlinear material response due to large deformations. [10,11] The purpose for the study presented in this paper is to provide shape recovery test data to support current SMP model development and calibration. Shape memory polymer specimens were stretched to specific levels of applied strain, and upon removing any residual load, the specimen returned to its original shape. The degree to which the polymer returned to its original shape is measured by observing the recovered strain. Specimen preparation techniques and details of the experimental set up will be presented in this paper, followed by a discussion of the fundamental experimental properties of the SMP and the methodology for testing such material. EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THERMOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES To thoroughly quantify the shape memory polymer material response, a variety of thermomechanical experiments is necessary. The origin and preparation of the specimens are described in detail in this section. In addition, the components of the experimental setup as well as the experiments performed are explained. Specimen Preparation The material used for testing was received from Cornerstone Research Group, Inc. (CRG) in Dayton, Ohio. The styrene-based shape memory polymer was manufactured in 305 x 305 x 3.18 mm sheets. With the first experimental focus strictly on tension tests, the experimental specimens were prepared and tested according to the ASTM standard D638 Standard Test Method for the Tensile Properties of Plastics [12]. The resulting samples were a dog-bone shape with a 57-mm gage length and a 12.7-mm gage width. The portions of the sample where the grips attached were 25.4-mm x 25.4-mm. The complete length of the specimens was 114-mm. A water jet cutting procedure was used to cut the experimental specimens. The water jet technique resulted in fewer variations in dimensions from specimen to specimen, and significantly reduced the likelihood of the ma-


With the development of airborne equipment and integrated avionics technology, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) network replaces human beings in many works. However, the limited energy capacity of UAVs has great restrictions on long-time missions. To prolong the lifetime of the UAV network, we introduce the wireless static chargers (WSCs) into the UAV network, and a nondisruptive wireless rechargeable UAV network (WRUN) model is proposed, in which UAVs can be wirelessly charged without returning back to the charging platform and WSCs are scheduled to turn on and release energy only in the charging time periods. The goal of this article is to minimize the energy waste of WSCs under the premise that UAVs will not run out of energy. To calculate the efficient charging time periods of WSCs, we first discretize flight paths of UAVs so that the nondisruptive charging time schedule problem (nCTSP) that has an infinite solution space both in the spatial and time dimensions can be formalized as an optimization problem. Then, we propose the baseline algorithm exhaust candidate solutions (ECSs) to calculate the charging time periods and propose an improved algorithm using the idea of pruning (PECS) to reduce the computational complexity of ECS. Finally, experiments are conducted and PECS achieves better performance in terms of saving energy consumption and maximizing energy utilization.


This study investigated the effects of three co-operative learning strategies on the performance of secondary students in physics. It also examined whether the performance of the students would vary with gender and achievement levels. Purposive sampling technique was used to select two senior secondary (SSS II) physics students from two intact classes in the selected four secondary schools in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. The students were in STAD (n = 48), Jigsaw II (n = 42), TAI (n = 41), and ICI (n = 38) groups. Computer-Assisted Learning Package (CALP) and Physics Achievement Test (PAT) were used as treatment and test instruments respectively. Analysis of Covariance and Scheffe test were used for data analysis. Findings indicated that there was significant difference in the performance of the groups. In addition, students' gender had no influence on their performances. Also, achievement levels had significant influence on students' performance in cooperative settings. Based on the findings, it was recommended among other that teachers should be encouraged to use computer-supported cooperative strategies in the classroom for teaching physics concepts.


Objectives: HIV-infected patients suffer from both physical and mental health symptoms and treatment of both symptoms is important. The 8-week Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (henceforth MBCT) was originally developed for both mental and physical symptoms and is easy to implement. It is unknown, however, whether the addition of MBCT to psychiatric care as usual is effective in the long term and feasible for this group of patients. We measured depressive and anxiety symptoms, suicidal thoughts and fatigue in HIV-infected patients receiving psychiatric care as usual with or without MBCT, at intake and after one year.
Methods: The study was conducted at the outpatient clinic for HIV and Mental Health at GGZ inGeest in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, between March 2006 and September 2009. MBCT was offered as a group therapy in addition to individual care as usual to all (N=208) patients in their first year of psychiatric treatment.
Results: In the research period, 58 patients opted for the MBCT and 150 did not. Twenty patients did not complete the MBCT and questionnaires of both time points were available from 22 patients with and from 60 patients without MBCT. During their first year of psychiatric care, patients in both treatment groups showed significant improvement on depressive and anxiety symptoms, suicidal thoughts and fatigue.
Conclusion: Measured after one year, the addition of MBCT to psychiatric care as usual for HIV-infected patients had no measurable added effect on the treatment of depressive and anxiety symptoms, suicidal thoughts and fatigue. The present study was an explorative study to investigate the role of additional MBCT to psychiatric care as usual. It seems that general addition of MBCT is not feasible in this group of patients. However, further research, for example in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) is necessary to confirm the resu


Author, while partially agreeing with Kaltenbach's view that vomiting of pregnant women is often a consequence of hysteria, he cites cases where this connection apparently does not exist. So out of 5 cases of severe diseases of pregnant women observed by him, in two vomiting and salivation were complications of local diseases of the stomach, part of the peritoneum, two cases belonged to hysterical individuals, and, finally, one case cannot be attributed to one or the other category.


The present study takes into account the constitutional and social analysis of the
omission of gender ideology in the National Education Plan (PNE) - Law number
13.005, June 2014. The law in its basic text, before the approval, had classic terms
related to the sexual option of the human being, a fact that generated great
repercussion throughout the national territory, leading individuals from all social
range to the discussion. With the term "gender" in its basic text, the possibility of
applying the "gender ideology" in the PNE as a means of eradicating all sexual
discrimination was discussed and, in this context, the French philosopher Destutt de
Tracy teaches that ideology Is the origin of human ideas to the sensory perceptions
of the external world, so the sexual gender is a social construction based on the
personal idea about itself. Starting from this understanding, the gender ideology is
the idea that the individual is male or female according to his own personal
conviction, not taking into account his biological sex. Thus, in order to fulfill the goals
and objectives of the PNE, the adherents of the gender ideology support its
application in order to extinguish any sexual discrimination in society. However, due
to the great repercussion that the basic text generated, the text of the law was
modified before its approval, with the classic terms related to the sexual option taken
from the plan and altering article 2, III, of the PNE for "eradication of all forms of
discrimination", this fact generated great nonconformity on the part of the sexual
minorities who claimed that such a withdrawal from the term gender ideology was an
affront to constitutional rights, especially to equality. In the present work we tried to
first demonstrate the concepts of ideology of gender, sexual identity, gender role,
biological sex and psychological sex, bringing teachings and placements of the most
influential jurists on the subject and, being clear the origin of the terms, it began to
analyze its philosophical, social and constitutional aspect, together with the PNE
goals. Finally, we turn to the result of the present work demonstrating the main
differences on the subject, following with the law, the social appointments doctrine,
ending with the conclusion. Using the deductive method, and the bibliographic
research, being classified the level of the research as exploratory and the method of
qualitative approach. In the first place, it was verified that there is great repercussion
on the subject because many are ignorant of the subject and diverge on the concept
of gender ideology and, when it comes to its application, it was concluded that the
omission does not violate constitutional principles, once That the dignity of the
human person and the eradication of any kind of discrimination remain one of PNE's
basic goals. In the constitutional analysis of the gender ideology itself applied to the
PNE, it is understood that such application is unconstitutional, since the Federal
Constitution determines in its article 229 that the creation and upbringing of children
is the duty and right of parents also the American Convention on Human Rights
provides in article 12 §4 that parents have the right to morally educate their children,
including religious and sexual precepts.


Cotton seeds collected from plants infected by Verticillium ablo-atrum were used for the purpose of studying seed transmission of the pathogen. Although verticilliate conidiophores had been observed occasionally under low-power microscope on the surface of the seeds plated on PDA in 1955, yet isolations of the organism failed due to the interference of several contaminants. Seeds were delinted in order to diminish the possibility of interference from lint-born contaminants. The materials were plated on different culture media such as PDA, acidified PDA, cotton meal agar and rice agar. All these plates failed to show verticillium colonies. Among the fungi obtained in these plates, Fusarium, Alternaria and Colletotrichum were the most frequent. Since both Verticillium albo-atrum and other fungi were harbored within the same seed, the difference of growth rates might be considered as an important factor involved in the difficulty of the isolations: Cultures of V. albo-atrum and Fusarium sp. were transferred simutaneously to PDA plates to test their growth rates. The diameter of their colonies were measured after incubation for 12 days under 22±1℃. Those of V. albo-atrum measured 2.8 cm., while the average of the latter was 9,3 cm. Interference of the fast-growers might render a slow-grower such as V. albo-atrum to be masked in the observations and to be depressed in the isolations. A method was developed to avoid the interference. The fundamental procedures of the method are outlined as follows. 1. Plating and observation. (1) Cotton seeds being delinted with commercial surphuric acid in order to avoid the interference from lint-born contaminants. (2) Delinted seeds being washed in a flask covered with wire gauze for 24 hours under running tap water in order to get rid of bacteria. Absorption of sufficient water during washing activates the hibernating mycelium. (3) Seeds being plated on 1.7% water agar instead of nutrient agar in order to diminish the growth of the fast-growers such as Fusaria and Alternaria. The plates being incubated under 22±1℃. for 15 days. (4) The plates being uncovered and observed directly under low-power microscope in order to observe the fungi undisturbed. 2. Isolation and preservation of the Verticillium cultures. (1) Verticilliate conidiophores being located under low-power microscope. (2) The tip of a flamed needle moistened with sterile agar being introduced within the microscopic field in order to fish the spores under focus. (3) Spore suspension being made by washing the needle in a 5 cc sterile water blank. (4) Dilution plates being made by placing 1 cc of the spore suspension in a petri dish and diluting with 10 cc of cotton stem agar. (5) The plates being observed under low-power microscope after incubation for 5—7 days at 22±1℃. (6) Verticillium colonies being locatad and a bit of the margin of a colony being transferred to PDA slant. (7) The slant cultures being flooded with sterile liquid paraffin after incubation for 7—15 days at 22±1℃. The cultures preserved with liquid paraffin were able to keep alived for 2 years. Seeds collected from the infected plants in 1955, 1956 and 1957 were studied. The percentages of seeds carrying Verticillium observed in these years were 39.8, 5.92 and 9.5% respectively. One of the representative single spore colonies obtained was identified as V. albo—atrum. Inoculation and reisolation tests showed positive results. Inspection of cotton seed samples collected from eight co-op farms in Shensi Province in 1958 showing that the percentages of seeds infected by verticillium ranged 3 to 23% with an average of 12.3%.


It has been known for some time that during a clear, calm night the temperature of a snow surface falls much below the temperature of the air within even a few centimeters of the surface, The snow surface radiates energy practically as a black body; and receives, by conduction from tho snow and air, and also by radiation from the atmosphere, less energy than it loses through its own radiation; and consequently its temperature decreases. However, if the wind movement increases, considerable heat is transported to the surface from the T H E CHANGE FROM POLAR MARITIME TO POLAR CONTINENTAL AIR MASS CHARACTERISTICS


This Research makes the inovation of the skillful examiation of the main subject of the Speciality of Physical Education of Sports Colleges in Chinagymnastic subject as a breach,making use of the "fresh thinking" to fate the "inertia"of the tradional gymnastic teaching ideas and the called "standard" which has become rigid and doctrinal.This research has made the 426 college students selected from the 2001 and 2004 grade of the Speciality of Physical Education of Capital College of Physical Education as the experimental object,which includes man student 337 and female student 89,having gone through four years experimental study,this research mainly seeks to provide practical basis for changing the current teaching order and teaching circumstance and breaking through existed trace of the system of cultivating talent which has been formed over long time.


The bar gene transformation of young embryo culture cells and its callus of restoring line of japonica rice through microprojectile has been studied. PCR and PCR-southern analysis indicated that bar gene has been integrated into the rice genome and can transmitted to its later generation T1,T2. It is also noticed that bar gene has expressed not only in the transgene restoring line plants but also in its hybrid plants after spraying of herbicide basta, they all have behaved resistance to herbicide basta, especially in the latter, which are made by male sterile line crossing with transgene restoring line. The ratios of separating of T1 plants of part of transgene rice has been discussed, some are accordance with 3∶1 and others not.


There is little data on personal exposure to bioaerosols during collection of household waste and none on differences in exposure from day to day. The purpose of this study was to obtain data on exposure to bioaerosols while waste collectors were collecting mixed household waste. Personal samples of airborne contaminants were obtained over a period of eight working days from three workers during collection of household waste in a city area. Area samples were also collected close to the scoop of the compactor truck ("worst case" conditions), in the driver's cab, and at an outdoor reference site. Samples were collected on cellulose nitrate filters to quantify dust and endotoxin, and on polycarbonate filters for culture of viable fungi and bacteria and to determine total counts of microorganisms by microscopy. On average, the exposure to total microorganisms during the working day was 5 ◊ 10 5 microorganisms/m 3 of air for the worker mainly loading the waste into the compactor truck, while the worker mainly driving the truck was exposed to 10


index.dat is a file created by Internet Explorer and Computer Browser in Windows. Starts from the file's data stream, decodes the file structure byte by byte to obtain the method of reading the file, finally proved the method is correct by labs and the benefit of applying the method into computer forensics. 图 4 程序流程图


26 Generally recreational golf is played in foursomes—four golfers playing 18 holes as a group. The most popular betting game among amateur male foursomes is a net best-ball team game, where the foursome is split into two two-player teams, and the lowest score for a team on a hole is the lowest net score of its team members. This net score is termed the team's net best-ball. For example, let's suppose that a team has gross scores of 4 and 5 and corresponding net scores of 3 and 5 (the golfer who got the 4 has a handicap stroke so his net score on the hole is 3). Then the team net best-ball is 3, the lower of the two net scores. If we think of a golfer's net score on a hole as being a random variable, then a team net best-ball is the minimum order statistic of the two net scores. Typically a match is played over 18 holes on the basis of team net best-ball score by hole (i.e. match play). There are many variations of this game, but its essence is a team net best-ball. The issue we study is the handicapping of net bestball team matches. For example, if one team comprises players with a 2 and 12 handicap, and the other players with 4 and 8 handicaps, how should the game be played in order to make it fair? There is a universal belief among golfers we play with that to make such matches Handicapping Net Best-Ball Team Matches in Golf


The methods and apparatus for rapidly cooling a substrate are provided herein. In some embodiments, the cooling chamber includes a chamber body having an inner volume; Having a substrate supporting surface of a substrate support disposed in the volume; Opposite to the substrate support in the chamber body (opposite) arrangement and the first position and the movement between the two positions can plate for the substrate support - the first position is the substrate support and the plate to expose the support surface to the first volume from each other far away from, and the second position is also located adjacent to each other and the substrate support plate to expose the support surface to a smaller second volume greater than the first volume; A plurality of flow channels disposed in the one or more of the substrate support or plate for flowing the refrigerant (coolant); And a gas inlet for providing gas into a second volume.


Functional verification of large digital synchronous circuits with respect to complex arithmetic and decision making algorithms is becoming more and more important. Indeed, today, system complexities are still growing, while time-to-marked is still decreasing. First-time-right circuits can be obtained by adequate checking tools for timing, electrical and behavioural verification. The paper presents new results for automatic functional verification, based on the SFG-tracing methodology, applied on applications for medium and high throughput DSP, such as audio, video and image processing. The verification is formal, complete, efficient and independent. It checks functional correctness across synthesis tasks such as allocation, scheduling, clustering, specific datapaths and controller generation, redundancy removal, buffering, pipelining, retiming, etc.<<ETX>>


305 Fast and Accurate Real Time Pedestrian Detection Using Convolutional Neural Network Hayder Albehadili Department of Software , Kadhum College for Islamic Science University, Iraq firstname.lastname@example.com Laith Alzubaidi Department of Systems and Applications, University of Information Technology & Communications Baghdad, Iraq firstname.lastname@example.com Jabbar Rashed Department of Electrical Engineering , Engineering College, University of MisanIraq email@example.com Murtadha Al-Imam Department of Software , Kadhum College for Islamic Science University, Iraq email@example.com Haider A. Alwzwazy Department of Mathematics, Mathematics College, University of MisanIraq firstname.lastname@example.com


The new outbreak of monkeypox, a viral zoonotic disease, has affected more than 82,500 people and at least 110 countries worldwide as of 14 December 2022, with 81,580 people affected in 103 non-endemic areas of Africa [...].


Population ageing is arguably one of the greatest challenges facing contemporary society, due to its various social, economic and political implications. Ian Peate looks at the effect an increasing ageing society will have on health and social care, and outlines the importance for future service provision to reflect the needs of this growing population.


Objective To evaluate mechanical property and biological property of a rope-shaped scaffold braided by silk-poly (L-lactic acid) (PLA)-polyglycolic acid (PGA) fiber,and investigate the feasibility of fabricating tissue-engineered ligament by using such scaffold.Methods Firstly,a hybrid rope-shaped scaffold containing monofilament 7200 was prepared by twisting a mixture of silkworm silk fibroin,PLA,and PGA fiber filament with a mass ratio of 1∶1∶1.The biomechanical property of the abovementioned silk-PLA-PGA scaffold was measured by using the electric universal testing machine.Secondly,the biological property of the silk-PLA-PGA braided scaffold materials was assessed according to the relevant experiments,including cvtotoxicitv test,acute systematic toxicity test,intracutaneous irritation test,pyrogen test,and muscle implant test.The experimental results were analvzed and assessed by criterion.Results The appearance of the scaffold braided by silk-PLA-PGA was a strong obdurability with a diamter of 2.7 mm.The scaffold had excellent mechanical property,good histocompatibility,no cytotoxicity,no acute systematic toxicity,no skin stimulation,and no pyrogen reaction.Conclusion The scaffold has good biomechanical property and biocompatibility.

Key words:
Silk;  Poly (L-lactic acid) ;  Polyglycolic acid;  Scaffold;  Mechanical property; Biological evaluation


Background : Lichen planus (LP) is a common idiopathic, inflammatory disorder that affects the skin, mucous membranes, nails and hair. Clinical observations and anecdotal reports have suggested a relationship between the exposure to a number of exogenous agents and the development of LP. One of the most important suggested bacterial etiologies is Helicobacter pylori (HP), that is one of the most common bacterial infections in the world, which is also reported to be common in Iran. Objective : This study was performed to evaluate the relation between HP and LP. Materials and Methods: A case control study was conducted with 80 patients with LP to find out a previous history of HP and 80 patients with other skin diseases were examined with urea breath test (UBT) as controls. Results: Sixty-six patients with LP and 49 patients from the controls had positive UBT. There was a significant difference about UBT positive result between these two groups. Conclusion: According to study, these results support a definitive etiological role for HP in LP.


Basing ourselves on a case study in which one of us successfully taught mathematics to an adult blind student on a one-to-one basis and her more recent positive experience of teaching a blind student within a regular classroom, we try to shed light on the mathematics education of blind students and the ramifications that this carries for the inclusion of blind students in mathematics classrooms. The ensuing discussion is embedded within the inclusion discourse that is gradually evolving in educational spheres. Our paper ultimately carries a message of hope: not only can blind students learn mathematics and get certified for it, but it seems that they can also do so within a normal classroom situation.


The article compares the current integration processes in the EU and the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU). The monetary and financial integration in the EEU is evaluated. Macroeconomic indicators of Eurozone are calculated. The authors consider the challenges of the integration processes, the ways of meeting them and the new areas of growth.


Significance. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) by quasistatic electromagnetic means is presently comprised of two methods: magnetic induction methods (transcranial magnetic perturbation or TMP) and electrical contact methods (transcranial electric perturbation or TEP). Both methods couple to neuronal systems by means of the electric fields they produce. Both methods are necessarily accompanied by a scalp electric field which is of greater magnitude than anywhere within the brain. A scalp electric field of sufficient magnitude may produce deleterious effects including peripheral nerve stimulation and heating which consequently limit the spatial and temporal characteristics of the brain electric field. Presently the electromagnetic NIBS literature has produced an accurate but non-generalized understanding of the differences between the TEP and TMP methods. Objective. The aim of this work is to contribute a generalized understanding of the differences between the two methods which may open doors to novel TEP or TMP methods and translating advances, when possible, between the two methods. Approach. This article employs a three shell spherical conductor head model to calculate general analytical results showing the relationship between the spatial scale of the brain electric fields and: (1) the scalp-to-brain mean-squared electric field ratio for the two methods and (2) TEP-to-TMP scalp mean-squared electric field ratio for similar electric fields at depth. Main results. The most general result given is an asymptotic limit to the TEP-to-TMP ratio of scalp mean-squared electric fields for similar electric fields at depth. Specific example calculations for these ratios are also given for typical TEP electrode and TMP coil configurations. While TMP has favorable mean-squared electric field ratios compared to TEP this advantage comes at an energetic cost which is briefly elucidated in this work.


When each of the vertex angles of polyhedrons is replaced by one methine, many saturated hydrocarbons are formed with high degree of symmetry. Since cubane was first synthesized by Eaton in 1964, tetrahedrane derivate, prismane and housane have also been synthesized one after another. Furthermore, when Paquette totally synthesized dodecahedrane, the highest symmetry molecule (Ih), he made a significant breakthrough in structural theory and the art of synthesis. In the present work, by using ab initio molecular orbital theory and Hellmann-Feynman forces, we investigate the electronic structures


Most approaches to control optimization use a finite state machine model, where operations are bound to conml states. However, when synthesizing circuits from a higher, more abstract level of hardware specification that supports concurrency and synchronization, these approaches may be overly restrictive. We present a strategy for optimizing control circuits based on resynchronization of operatiom such that the original specification under timing constraints is still satisfied. but with a lower control implementation cost. We use a general constraint graph model to capture the high level specification; the model supports unbounded delay operations. detailed timing constraints. and concurrency. We introduce the notion of synchronization redundancy. and formulate the optimization problem as the task of mapping operations to synchronization points. We present algorithms to find a minimal control cost implementation. Results of applying the technique within the framework of the HerculeslHebe High-level Synthesis system are presented.


The main purpose of this study is analyzing relationship between to the main factors related to organizational learning and human resource productivity. The study is correlational. The population of this study is employees of Ardabil City Municipality that were 254. We determined the amount of the sample size with the used of Cochran sampling method which the statistical sample is 153 of these employees which have been selected through the Stratified random sampling in four regions. To gathering of data, we used two standard questionnaires. Organizational learning questionnaire according to Pham & Swierczek (2006) with 12 items and human resource productivity questionnaire according to Dewan & Kraemer (2000) with 24 items. All items of questionnaires were designed based on Likert 5 degree spectrum. Questionnaires reliability was estimated by calculating Cronbach's Alpha. In order to analyze the data resulted from collected questionnaires deductive and descriptive statistical methods are used, and to display some statistical data we used column diagram and in deductive level to test the hypothesis of the research we used Pearson correlation coefficients. The analysis of hypotheses show a positive significant relationship exist between Organizational learning and human resource productivity in Municipality of Ardabil City.


The invention relates to a screening container for a region of a printed circuit board with a first half-section arranged on one side of the board and a second on the other and securing means for the half-sections. In order to attain a simple and properly fitting construction, tongues (5) extend from the edge of one of the half-sections (2, 3), pass through the slots (9) in the printed circuit board (6) bordered by conductive tracks and have projections (11) which lie against the tracks (7) carrying the screening potential under contact pressure and the free end regions (13) of the tongues (5) electrically contact the other half-section (2).


Many healthcare organizations are faced with the challenge of complying with an unfunded mandate to provide language services free of charge to individuals with limited English proficiency or those who are deaf or hard of hearing. One method of increasing efficiencies and reducing disparities for these vulnerable populations is to provide access to remote audio/video interpreters on a shared network. The Health Care Interpreter Network (HCIN) is a non-profit organization based in California that comprises more than forty member hospitals and offers service in twenty languages. To support the need for on-going professional development of HCIN's interpreters, a front-end analysis was conducted to identify areas of strength and opportunity. This paper explores the findings of this analysis, as well as recommendations made to HCIN stakeholders to improve access to professional development and strategies to address non-training related issues across the network. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR REMOTE INTERPRETERS 5 The only way in which a human being can make some approach to knowing the whole of a subject, is by hearing what can be said about it by persons of every variety of opinion, and studying all modes in which it can be looked at by every character of mind. —John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, 1859 PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR REMOTE INTERPRETERS 6 Background and Rationale Among the challenges faced by healthcare organizations today is compliance with unfunded federal mandates to provide language access for persons who are limited English proficient (LEP) or who are deaf or hard of hearing. Title VI and Executive Order 13166 are federal requirements to improve access for LEP applicants and beneficiaries of government-funded programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid (Department of Justice, 2002). Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 require that all medical facilities ensure effective communication with deaf individuals (Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf, 2010). Depending on the size, location, and demographics of the population it serves, a healthcare facility may offer language services using one or more modalities, including on-site, telephone or video remote interpreters as well as trained bilingual staff or volunteers. Sharing access to qualified interpreters on a remote platform is one way that healthcare organizations are leveraging technology to reduce costs, increase efficiencies, reduce disparities and improve the LEP patient experience (Jacobs, E. A., Leos, G. S., Rathouz, P. J., & Fu, P., 2011). Founded in California in 2005, the Health Care Interpreter Network (HCIN) is "a nonprofit organization led by former hospital executives and technologists dedicated to creating an efficient and high-quality service for video health care interpretation" (HCIN, 2013). At present the network comprises more than forty member hospitals and provider organizations across the United States and offers service in twenty languages. HCIN stakeholders have identified a need for on-going professional development of network interpreters, particularly for those who are new to remote interpreting. The Program and Quality Assurance Director also seeks to improve HCIN's ability to monitor and verify network members' commitment to development. While some member hospitals provide coaching, mentoring, and/or training and professional development to their staff interpreters, there is currently a lack of consistency in the duration and frequency of these opportunities across the network, which in turn impacts interpreter morale, longevity and quality of service. In support of these initiatives, the purpose of this project is two-fold: 1) to explore the needs of healthcare interpreters who provide remote language services on a shared audio/video network; and 2) to implement strategies that will increase access to professional development opportunities and improve morale, consistency and quality of service for this interpreter population. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR REMOTE INTERPRETERS 7


Using the quantum trajectory approach, we study the effects of environmental noise on dynamical localization in a quantum algorithm simulating the kicked rotator. We apply two models that generalize single qubit noisy channels, like phase flip and amplitude damping, to the many-qubit situation. Our numerical results show that the quantum trajectory approach is suitable for simulating the quantum kicked rotator in realistic environments.


Using the Glauber theory and based on an independent alpha particle model, we have calculated the differential cross sections of ..pi../sup -/--/sup 16/O elastic scattering at three incident energies of the pion (T/sub ..pi../ = 110, 180, 220 MeV). We have used two-body amplitude F/sub pialpha/ as the basic input to parametrize the semi-empirical equation. The parameters can be obtained by fitting the ..pi..-..cap alpha.. elastic scattering data. Our results are in good agreement with the experimental data and the extent of agreement is comparable to that obtained in the previous optical potential calculations using pion-nucleon amplitude as input.


Mr. Fagen, an SSRC Fellow in Political Theory at Stanford, suggests on the basis of his own "identity crisis" some problems of the behaviorally-oriented international relationist growing out of his remoteness from his subject matter, and offers some possible solutions.


To investigate the method and effect of reconstructive surgery for the blowout fracture of the orbit.To reconstruct the orbit with Medpor implantation and to check the visual acurity, diplopia and visual activity of the postoperation against the preoperation. The diplopia, visual activity and enophthalmos were corrected and visual acurity was improved. No complication occurred.[Conclusion]It was considered safe, simple and reliable that the reconstructive surgery with Medpor implantation for the blowout fracture of the orbit.


Utilizing the complete quantum theory,the quantum field-entropy evolution properties in system of the two coupled two-level atoms interacting with a Schrdinger-cat state light field are studied under the condition of non-resonance.The results indicate that the time evolving of quantum field-entropy is closely related to not only the initial mean photon number n0,the coupled intensity g of interaction between the single-mode field-atoms,the coupled intensity ga of dipole-dipole interaction between the two coupled atoms,and non-resonance value Δ but also the initial state of atoms.


Objective To investigate the efficacy of lumbo abdominal group acupuncture as a main treatment for simple obesity.Methods One hundred and twenty patients were randomly divided into lumbo abdominal group plus routine body acupuncture group of 80 cases and a routine body acupuncture group of 40 cases as a control.Results There were significant differences in the total efficacy rate and marked effectiveness rate between the two groups. There was a very significant difference in waistline between pretreatment and posttreatment in the lumbo abdominal group acupuncture group.Conclusion The results show that group acupuncture has a better effect than routine acupuncture and is of advantage in reducing lumbo abdominal fat.


This chapter explores the intellectual history of the public-private partnership (PPP) movement, both before and after it became a widely used acronym. It demonstrates that the intellectual provenance of PPPs is very varied, with major contributions from across the social sciences. This has contributed to the richness of our understanding of PPPs, but has also made it difficult for critical comment to develop a constructive perspective from which to evaluate PPPs and suggest options for their change.


The de noising method based on wavelet is one of hotspots in wavelet applications in recent years. A de noising algorithm based on the wavelet packet under the background of Gauss color noise is discussed by the combination of the hard thresholding and node by node mediant estimation method. Then a new method of variance estimation is presented in detail. Finally, the results of experiments show that the method has good de noising performance.


The Anahita Mauritius resort is marketed as a new lifestyle resort, combining luxury accommodations with the freedom of choice. Guests are surrounded by a multitude of choices in everything from suites and villas to a large selection of activities and..


A micromethod for the determination of ca'rbamazepine in small blood samples by high speed liquid chromatography is reported. Carbamazepine is extracted into chloroform and determined by adsorption chromatography on Perisorb A. The minimal quantitatively detectable concentration of carbamazepine is 0.5 mg/1, requiring 100 μ\ of plasma, the relative standard deviation at therapeutic plasma levels being 3.8%.


In this study, we proposed a new diagnostic technique for diabetic neuropathy using biomagnetic measurement. Peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes. To examine the injury, the skin potential around the nerve is often measured after electric stimulation. However, measuring the magnetic field may reveal precise condition of the injury. To evaluate the effect of measuring the magnetic field, a simulation study was performed. A diabetic sural nerve was simulated as a bundle of myelinated nerve fibers. Each fiber was modeled as an electric cable of Ranvier's nodes. Anatomical data were used to determine the number of nerve fibers and distribution of nerve fiber diameters. The electric potential and the magnetic field on the skin after electric stimulation were computed to the boundary element method. Biphasic time courses were obtained as the electric potential and the magnetic flux density at measurement points. In diabetic nerves, the longer interpeak latency of the electri...


Transient absorption and pump-probe experiments have been performed on degassed toluene solutions of C60 and eta2-C60Pd(PPh3)2. Previous reports of a 1.2 ns singlet state lifetime for C60 have been confirmed. For the eta2-C60Pd(PPh3)2 compound an extremely fast decay of 12 ps has been observed which is believed to be derived from the rapid depopulation of a charge transfer band which has formed due to electron transfer from metal to ligand.


We have implemented a 1D version of the inverse scattering series internal multiple attenuation algorithm due to Weglein et al. (1997), and applied it to physical modeling data. Interbed multiples in land data sets can present very challenging problems for interpretation, and prediction methods of this kind may provide powerful tools for their suppression. However, it can be difficult to choose prediction parameters, such as algorithm search limits, by direct examination of field data sets. We view physical modeling environments as ideal staging grounds, within which real data from controlled targets may be analyzed to guide the choice of optimal parameters. In this paper we present early results of the application of a 1D version of the algorithm to a specially designed physical modeling data set.


For the cognitive radio (CR) systems sharing the spectrum with narrowband primary devices, this paper presents a fractional bandwidth (FBW) mode utilizing a variable portion of the system band to avoid the interference to or from the primary devices. For the method, the preamble and FBW mode detection algorithm are provided to obtain the FBW mode information during the synchronization. Simulation results in wireless regional area network (WRAN) environments reveal that the FBW mode can be detected reliably without any deterioration of the synchronization performance.


Objective: To evaluate the marginal adaptation of Ni-Cr alloy,high-gold alloy and auro-galvano-form ceramic crowns.Methods:The Ni-Cr alloy,high-gold alloy and auro-galvano-form ceramic crowns were made respectively.Every kind was 100 pieces.The marginal adaptation of these crowns was observed.Results:The marginal adaptation of high-gold alloy and auro-galvano-form ceramic crowns were better than Ni-Cr alloy(P0.05).Conclusion:The marginal adaptation of high-gold alloy and auro-galvano-form ceramic crowns were perfect.They can be used in clinic.


Nucleus of tractus solitaries (NTS) and subjacent reticular formation has been demonstrated to receive central suprapontine inputs and peripheral respiratory afferent information from facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X) nerves for the regulation of breathing pattern. It has been reported that electrical stimulation of phrenic nerve and application of respiratory occlusion in both anesthetized and conscious rats elicited c‐fos expression in the intermediate and medial NTS (imNTS). In the present study, we electrically stimulated media nerve in anesthetized rats and vagus nerve in anesthetized guinea pigs, and applied methacholine to induce bronchoconstriction in both anesthetized rats and guinea pigs. Depending on the specific stimulus, cFOS expression was found in the rostral, central, intermediate/medial, caudal and ventrolateral regions of the NTS. The imNTS was the only subdivision of the NTS that had cFOS expression elicited by all stimulus modalities. These results support the hypothesis of a brainstem sensory integration of multiple afferent modalities within an intrinsic neural network in the NTS and the imNTS as a candidate subdivision for afferent convergence and integration.


Beam steering is done by modifying the current in a trim or bending magnet. If the current change is the right amount the beam can be made to bend in such a manner that it will hit a swic or BPM downstream from the magnet at a predetermined set point. Although both bending magnets and trim magnets can be used to modify beam angle, beam steering is usually done with trim magnets. This is so because, during beam steering the beam angle is usually modified only by a small amount which can be easily achieved with a trim magnet. Thus in this note, all steering magnets will be assumed to be trim magnets. There are two ways of monitoring beam position. One way is done using a BPM and the other is done using a swic. For simplicity, beam position monitoring in this paper will be referred to being done with a swic. Beam steering can be done manually by changing the current through a trim magnet and monitoring the position of the beam downstream from the magnet with a swic. Alternatively the beam can be positioned automatically using a computer which periodically updates the current through a specific numbermore » of trim magnets. The purpose of this note is to describe the steps involved in coming up with such a computer program. There are two main aspects to automatic beam steering. First a relationship between the beam position and the bending magnet is needed. Secondly a beamline setup of swics and trim magnets has to be chosen that will position the beam according to the desired specifications. A simple example will be looked at that will show that once a mathematical relationship between the needed change of the beam position on a swic and the change in trim currents is established, a computer could be programmed to calculate and update the trim currents.« less


The projects objective is to find an alternative method of heating (the current method being via electric heating) the sewage treatment plant on the island Uto in Stockholm's archipelago in order to reduce the energy consumption and ultimately the cost for heating the plant. The project is given by "Skargardsstiftelsen" (The Archipelago Foundation) and is a part of the larger EU-project "Green Islands".A model for the plants total heating demand is established in order to get a good perception of how much money can be saved using alternative heating methods. The heating demand model gives an annual heating demand of approximately 32 500 kWh and a maximum heating power demand of around 24,7 kW. With an electricity price of 0,95 SEK/kWh, not including sales tax, the current total annual cost of heating is about 30 900 SEK per year.A number of different heating methods are analyzed in the rapport, mainly from an economical perspective, where a short payback time and a high net present value are ideal. The analysis gives three different systems that are regarded as the most appropriate for the plant, seen from both an economical and a practical perspective. The three systems have different initial investment costs depending on how much "Skargardsstiftelsen" is prepared to pay for a new heating system. A less expensive system doesn't give such a large net cash flow however and therefore a smaller net present value later in the systems life. These three systems are then analyzed closer in a sensitivity analysis in order to determine if the profitability is secure enough to motivate an investment into one of the new heating systems.The initial investment cost for the most expensive system is approximately 133 000 SEK with a payback time of around 5 to 7 years. The net present value is about 33 000 SEK after 10 years and about 79 000 SEK after 15 years. The initial investment cost for the least expensive system is approximately 61 000 SEK with a payback time of around 4 to 5 years. The net present value is about 43 000 SEK after 10 years and about 72 000 SEK after 15 years.The initial investment cost for the third system is approximately 90 000 SEK with a payback time of around 4,5 to 6 years. The net present value is about 43 000 SEK after 10 years and about 80 000 SEK after 15 years. For a lifetime of 15 years, this system is the best economical choice. However, after 15 years the net present value of the most expensive alternative becomes the largest.The sensitivity analysis indicates that the investments are very certainly profitable regardless of potential variations of the most important parameters. Only in the worst-case scenario when all these parameters are set to their worst possible values respectively, the investment turns unprofitable with a net present value below zero after 15 years. It should however be noted that in the best case scenario when all the parameters are set to their best possible values the net present value at 15 years is about 190 000 to 260 000 SEK.The investment would also be advantageous for the environment since the treatment plant's electricity demand would decrease which ultimately leads to lower carbon dioxide emissions. Dependent on which investment is chosen the total carbon dioxide emissions are reduced by between 0,33 to 0,52 metric tons per year. This value does not however take into account the systems total lifecycle emissions.


The paper indicates that navigation in narrow waters requires navigators to use means of passage safety assessment prior to choosing a route. It is pointed out that a relevant factor when assessing the safe passage probability is the cross-track error distribution law, whose impact is the subject of the research. The article analyses recent developments and publications that have begun investigating this subject, and highlights previously unsolved parts of the general problem. The results revealed two equivalent approaches, as well as a navigational safety parameter, which are used to determine the probability of safe navigation in narrow waters on the chosen route. The need to develop advanced predictive vessel motion models is noted, while many researchers study the design of an information system for vessel motion simulation with complex dynamic models and an intelligence system for vessel motion prediction that imitates the learning process of an autonomous control unit created with the use of the artificial neural network. Methods for identification of vessel manoeuvring models are shown. Based on the analysis of vessel hydrodynamics, a nonlinear model frame of vessel manoeuvring is established. The available publications suggest using compound laws of the first and second types for describing random errors in navigation measurements as an alternative to the normal distribution law. The article examines the dependence of the safe narrow waters passage probability on the cross-track error distribution law. The normal law and compound laws of the first and second types are considered as the cross-track error distribution laws. A formula for estimating the safe passage probability in the manoeuvring area is given, and expressions for the distribution function of the normal law and compound laws of both types are obtained. To assess the impact of the cross-track error distribution law for the same route, the safe passage probability for the normal distribution law, as well as compound laws of the first and second types, was calculated. For the same route, the probability of safe passage was calculated with the use of onedimensional and two-dimensional density models. It is shown that the average relative difference between the estimated safe passage probability for both models is 0.3%, which confirms the validity of using a one-dimensional cross-track error distribution density.


An overview of NASA's current planning for a space industrialization program is described as an introduction to the papers on Space Industrialization being presented by Rockwell International Corporation and Science Applications Incorporated. Background information is presented that outlines the integrated planning process which resulted in specific long range goals and objectives being formulated for NASA programs in technology, environment, resources, earth science, communications, space exploration, aeronautics, and an expanded application of space called space industrialization. Program objectives for NASA's Industrialization of Space and studies on potential near term supporting elements (Space Platform, Large Space Structures, Orbital Operations Capabilities Development, Space Manufacturing Module) are discussed.


Finding a class of structures that is rich enough for adequate linguistic representation yet restricted enough for efficient computational processing is an important problem for dependency parsing. In this paper, we present a transition system for 2-planar dependency trees -- trees that can be decomposed into at most two planar graphs -- and show that it can be used to implement a classifier-based parser that runs in linear time and outperforms a state-of-the-art transition-based parser on four data sets from the CoNLL-X shared task. In addition, we present an efficient method for determining whether an arbitrary tree is 2-planar and show that 99% or more of the trees in existing treebanks are 2-planar.


Objective To discuss the surgical manoeuvre and techniques for reoperation of the thyroid gland.Methods The clinical data of 186 patients undergoing reoperation of the thyroid gland, admitted during the period from January 2001 to Dceember 2006, were reviewed.Results The numbers of patients who had previously undergone one or≥2 thyroid operations were 109, and 77, respectively.Among these patients, 83 cases were proved to be nodular goiters, one case was demonstated to be an adenomatous goiter, 99 cases were differentiated thyroid cancers, and 3 cases were medullary thyroid cancers.No operation-related recurrent laryngeal nerve and or superior laryngeal nerve injury occured.After reoperation, 168 patients experienced numbness of the limbs, among them 34 patients had tetany.All but one patient recovered 2 weeks after the operation.Conclusion Total thyroidectomy is the strategy of choice for the patients with previous thyroid operation(s).Parathyroids and the contralateral recurrent laryngeal nerve should be carefully protected during the operation.Postoperative calcium supplement is recommended.


Russia has recently adopted a series of measures which could potentially restrict civil society activities, and have disastrous repercussions for civil liberties and human rights within the State. In July 2012, President Vladimir Putin signed into law a controversial bill, under which non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in receipt of foreign funding and conducting political activities must register as 'foreign agents', and comply with an onerous disclosure and reporting regime (the 'Law'). Failure to comply with the new regime can result in the suspension of the NGO and/or criminal convictions for the individuals responsible. In October 2012, Russia's parliament also approved amendments which would broaden the definition of 'treason' to include all forms of assistance to foreign states or international organisations directed at harming Russia's security. This article discusses these measures, the new laws and the amendments.


There are various physics issues which the LHD can explore in the research field of transport studies in high temperature plasmas, research for MHD stability in high density and high beta plasma, that are crucial for a future device aimed at nuclear fusion. Physics of the confinement improved mode is discussed with a new paradigm of non-linearity, non-diffusivity and non-locality of the transport. Various MHD modes are observed such as the interchange mode and high energy particle driven modes. Magnetic island physics are intensively studied by applying a perturbation field or by controlling the magnetic shear with NBCD. The LHD also gives opportunities to extend research beyond plasma physics. Research concerning atomic processes such as a test of the collisional-radiative model and energy levels of highly charged heavy ions are also investigated using the plasma in LHD. c


Image creation and retention are growing at an exponential rate. Individuals produce more images today than ever in history and often these images contain family. In this paper, we develop a framew...


Purpose: To report a case of continuously progressive abducens palsy after transarterial coil embolization. Case summary: A 42-year-old male was referred to the clinic due to binocular horizontal diplopia. The patient had a history of left direct carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) after head trauma, and his ocular symptoms developed 15 months after coil embolization for CCF. Visual acuity and pupil reaction of both eyes were normal. The ocular motility examination showed 14 prism diopters (PD) of left esotropia in the primary gaze with abduction limitation; therefore, the patient was diagnosed with left abducens palsy. There was no evidence of fistula recanalization or new abnormal lesions in follow-up brain imaging. After strabismus was stabilized with 35 PD of esotropia, strabismus surgery including left medial rectus muscle recession and lateral rectus resection was performed, and ocular alignment was normalized in the primary position. However, 2 years after surgery, left abducens palsy recurred and abduction limitation worsened to -4 over 10 months. Finally, the patient underwent superior rectus transposition and medial rectus re-recession, which improved his ocular alignment at primary position. Binocular diplopia was resolved at primary position. Conclusions: Late-onset abducens palsy can occur after coil embolization and is likely to continue to progress. Because spontaneous regression is rare in late-onset palsy compared with acute-onset palsy, surgery should be considered when the strabismus becomes stabilized. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2020;61(10):1240-1245


Although we appreciate the attention the critic has given to our paper, we are somewhat disappointed about the kind of criticism. It is said that the 'empirical analysis is fundamentally flawed'. But if the analysis is flawed it must be very easy to show it by a reanalysis of the data. However, if one takes the time to look at the data used in this study one can see immediately that when the USSR's level of armaments is very low the USA is producing large amounts of missiles. On the other hand, when the USSR has a large number of missiles the USA's production is nil or very little. Consequently one must conclude that the USA cannot possibly be reacting to the activities of the USSR in the simple ways suggested by Richardson or Hamblin et al. This result was confirmed by our statistical analysis of the data. One can of course try other statistical procedures, as we did, but they all produce the same result: there is no reaction effect in the USA's behaviour.


A pot experiment was conducted at the Biotechnology centre, National horticultural research institute (NIHORT). Ibadan between October 2011 to April 2012 to investigate the effect of shade on Thaumatococcus daniellii. The aim was to determine the optimum amount of light requirement for growth of Thaumatococcus daniellii.


Design has an inherently iterative nature, especially for multi-disciplinary building design projects. Managing the design process with the consideration of this iterative nature needs to cluster the complex dependencies between design tasks and information delivered between design disciplines and to represent it in a communicable way. This paper uses modified IDEF0v notations to capture the characteristics of design process with iterations between multi-disciplinary design tasks and delivery systems for supporting design management. A framework built on a simulationbased computer implementation strategy and recommendations of future work are also provided.


A survey was carved out to determine the frequency of occurrence of interdental spacing in the primary dentition of Saudi Arabian children. Results show that spacing is very prevalent in the dentition with no significant difference between the sexes. The primate space on the upper arch was a very prominent feature while in the lower arch interdental spaces were evenly distributed.


Investigation of information needs as well as of forms and mechanisms for its procurement by representative institutions in their role of opinion makers. A sample of nine institutions was selected for the study, being it related to the following sectors: industry, education, unions, labor, banking, women, black culture and consumers. Triangulation was used as a means for collecting data, with complementary use of informal interviews, questionnaire and document analysis. The results show that to the studied entities, paper sources and Internet are equally important; informal communication does not constitute the main informational resource; there is convergence, both regarding information needs and behavior in searching the information that is of interest to the entities.


- This research paper explores the potential of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) in education, highlighting their transformative impact on teaching and learning. In this paper we delve in to the current applications of VR and AR in educational settings, discussing their benefits such as enhanced engagement, immersive experiences, and improved retention of information. Moreover, we examine the future directions of these technologies, including the integration of AI and 5G, and their potential to revolutionize education by making it more accessible, interactive and personalized. As we navigate the ever-evolving landscape of technology-enhanced education, this paper provides insights into the exciting possibilities and challenges that lie ahead.


School psychologists frequently are involved in assessment programs for children entering kindergarten. A comparison is made between screening and assessment related to norm-based and criterion-referenced assessment. Normbased testing can be either categorical or deficit-centered, while the criterion approaches tend to be academic or cognitive-developmental. In order to make appropriate decisions, we need to know the problems and outcomes related to each approach. It is also felt that assessment should be related to the underlying issues in developmental psychology and the type of kindergarten experiences provided for the child.


I t is only now, a decade and a half after the global acceptance by most countries of economic liberalisation and marketoriented growth as strategies of choice for development, that reports of their negative impacts are being recognised as reliable. There is now sufficient evidence that these processes, particularly in the South, have resulted in greater inequalities in income and assets between and within countries. It is difficult to arrive at general statements about the specific effects of liberalisation and market orientation on women, since these are mediated by the level of development, forms of integration into the world economy and pre-existing socioeconomic inequalities in a particular country. Nevertheless, and despite countryspecific variations, the phenomenon of 'feminisation of the labour force' is emerging as a common theme in discussions of the ways in which global economic changes and market-led growth have impacted on women. The term 'feminisation of labour' is used in two ways. Firstly, it is used to refer to the rapid and substantial increase in the proportions of women in paid work over the last two decades. At the global level, about 70% in the 20–54 age group are members of the paid workforce. In developing countries as a group, the figure is lower at 60%. (United Nations, 1999). These figures do not capture women's participation in rural and urban informal sectors in developing countries which is usually less visible and therefore undercounted. However, this low wage informal sector continues to be an important employer of poor women in developing and transition countries (Mehra and Gammaye, 1999). The trend in the feminisation of labour has been accompanied by a shift in employment from manufacturing to services in developed countries, and from agriculture to manufacturing and services in developing countries. With the exception of Africa, women's employment has grown substantially faster than men's since 1980. With a stagnating (or slightly decreasing) male labour force participation rate, the difference between male and female participation rates have shrunk considerably in many regions (United Nations, 1999). The term 'feminisation of labour' is also used to describe the flexibilisation of labour for women and men, a fallout of the changing nature of employment where irregular conditions once thought to be the hallmark of women's 'secondary' employment have become widespread for both sexes. Informal activities, subcontracting, part-time work and home-based work have proliferated while rates of unionisation have declined (Standing, 1999). In the South in particular, standard labour legislation has applied to fewer workers, because governments have either not enforced it or abolished it outright, or because existing legislation is weak and enterprises have been able to circumvent and bypass it. The deregulation of labour markets, fragmentation of production processes, de-industrialisation and emergence of new KEY CHALLENGES:


Aimed at imitating the internal characteristic of human brain functional correlations networks which possess power law distribution and scale free property, a novel growing associative memory model based on annealed preferential attachment mechanism was proposed. According to theoretical analysis on annealed synaptic dilution under limited number of synapses, fitness information was defined and introduced. Annealed preferential attachment was implemented by dual-drive of fitness information and neuron degrees for the network construction. Numerical simulations demonstrate that this model can construct a task-based scale free network structure which is much closer to human brains. The memory and recall abilities of this model are also shown to outperform other existing counterparts.


A new method for separation of primary electrons and protons is proposed on the basis of underground cosmic-ray experimental measurements and Monte Carlo simulation to investigate the primary electron spectrum at energies Ee>∼1 TeV. The method is based on the difference in evaporatedneutron yield in cascades initiated by electrons and protons. It provides a total rejection factor of ∼ 10−5 − 10−6 that is several orders of magnitude better as compared with other methods.


When photographs documenting activism are exhibited in a national portrait gallery, they test the efficacy of an exhibition to override the subjectivities of the "museum effect" and to engage the viewer to think about broader sociocultural debates. This study closely examines a thirty-year trajectory from activism for self-determination, photographic representation to exhibition, in order to show how personal and political insights can inform visual practice. The analysis is framed by reference to recent locational studies and media representations of Redfern, an inner-city suburb of Sydney, long identified with Aboriginal activism. After demonstrating a tenacious reactionary bias in the mainstream media, the author concludes that hard-won cultural and visual transformations can never be taken for granted.


The thesis deals with the project of the launch of a new beer kind on the market by "Pivovar Jihlava". In the theoretical part, based on information from the professional literature there is described the issue of a new product, process of new product development, product life cycle and the various tools of marketing communication that accompany the launch of a new product. The practical part assesses the situation of "Pivovar Jihlava" and the situation on the market with flavoured beers. The thesis then puts these two situations in the context with the result of the questionnaire survey, which evaluates the possibility of the flavoured beer to be proven successful in the region. The knowledge gained from the theoretical part and from the up to now practical part creates then the basis for the project of the launch of a new beer kind on the market. In the project there is put an emphasis on marketing communication and its harmonization with other parts of the marketing mix. In the final phase, the project is subjected to the time, cost and risk analysis.


Montmorillonite(MMT),a clay with nanoscale layer-structure,was pillared with zirconium to improve its hydrothermal stability.The Zr-MMT was modified with active metal oxides.The desulfurization of catalytic gasoline was investigated.The adsorption content of sulfurates of Zr-MMT carrier material was 4.05mg/g at room temperature.Zr-MMT carrier material modified by silver enhanced the adsorption content of sulfurates to 8.26mg/g.


It is quite important to develop sensitive and simple analytical methods for the detection of toxic heavy metal ions, such as Cd2+ and Pb2+. Herein, liquid phase-exfoliated graphene nanosheets were easily prepared through a one-step exfoliation of graphite powder in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The obtained graphene suspension was directly used to modify the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), constructing a novel and highly-sensitive electrochemical sensor for Cd2+ and Pb2+. Compared with an unmodified GCE, and a reduced graphene oxide-modified GCE, the resulting liquid phase-exfoliated graphene-modified GCE significantly increased the response signals towards Cd2+ and Pb2+, showing remarkable signal amplification effects. The use of this defect-abundant, few-layered graphene sample, with small lateral flake sizes, has led to the beneficial responses observed. The influences of the supporting electrolyte, volume of the graphene suspension, deposition potential and accumulation time were examined. As a result, a sensitive, rapid and convenient electrochemical method was developed for the simultaneous detection of Cd2+ and Pb2+. The detection limits were estimated to be 1.08 μg L−1 and 1.82 μg L−1 for Cd2+ and Pb2+. This new sensor was used in water sample analysis, and the results were consistent with the values obtained by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy.


Using sensor-rich smartphones to sense various contexts attracts much attention, such as transportation mode recognition. Local solutions make efforts to achieve trade-offs among detection accuracy, delay, and battery usage. We propose a real-time recognition model consisting of two long short-term memory classifiers with different sequence lengths. The shorter one is a binary classifier distinguishing elevator scene and the longer one implements a finer classification among bus, subway, high-speed railway, and others. Light-weighted sensors are employed with a much smaller sampling rate (10Hz) compared with previous works. A two-stage setting makes it robust to scenes with different duration and therefore reduces the latency of recognition greatly. Further, the real-time system refines the classification results and attains smoothed predictions. We present experiments on accuracy and resource usage and prove that our system realizes a latency-low and power-efficient scene recognition approach by trading off a reasonable performance loss (averaged recall of 92.22%).


This project was intended to finance loans to improve housing under a self-help approach for low-income and poor families in the peripheries of Montevideo and cities in the interior of Uruguay (overall objective). As the programme executing agency, the Ministerio de Vivienda, Ordenamiento Territorial y Medio Ambiente (MVOTMA) passes financial resources as revolving loans on to intermediaries, which then issue sub-loans. The implementation unit (Unidad Coordinadora, UC) established at the Ministry manages the CREDIMAT credit line in a similar manner to an Apex institution.


The purpose of the present study was to find factors associated with dietary supplement consumption in menopausal women, and to examine nursing support for maintaining and improving their health. We surveyed menopausal women (aged 40-60 years) using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. The relationship between dietary supplement consumption status and individual characteristics, menopausal symptoms, the perception regarding menopause, sense of selfefficacy, and health promotion behaviors (HPB) were examined. HPB were measured using the Japanese version of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP). Responses were obtained from 256 women (response rate: 67.9%). Of these, 187 responses were valid and were included in our data analyses. Among the factors associated with dietary supplement consumption, we found significant correlations between the severity of menopausal symptoms, age, change in menstruation, surgical history, and the HPB items "participation in seminars" and "finding someone who can give advice." Of these, the most significant independent variable was the severity of menopausal symptoms. These results suggest that menopausal women became concerned about their health when their menstruation status changed and started taking dietary supplements according to these symptoms. To support health maintenance and improvement in menopausal women, nurses should provide information regarding menopause before its onset, hold health classes, and establish a consultation office for menopausal women.


The German poet writer, born in Prague, Rainer Maria Rilke, was an authentic homo viator throughout his life, always in search of propitious creative spaces. His long stays in Paris, his many journeys to Italy since his childhood, and his occasional residence in Spain to see in person the landscapes painted by El Greco, have left in his poetic and narrative work an imprint and a patina that, as readers and travelers, we can continue both through the pages and the urban and landscape environments written by Rilke. These literary routes constitute, at the same time, a relevant cultural resource for the creation of new tourist products supported in his poetic tracks. Consequently, in our article we defend the idea that the tourist manager, with a deep humanistic education, will be more imaginative and creative when launching new tourist products based on the resources offered by the perception of literary authors in their travels. We have focused our attention especially on the impressions and literary inspirations of the countries of southern Europe by a Central European author whose literary success is still alive ninety years after his death.


Both the Marriage Law(2001)and the Customary Law of Ethnic Minority has its own resriction on the establishment of marriage relation .Yet,because of the differences among moral principles ,custom and tradition of history,there must be some conflicts between Marriage Law and Customary Law of Ethic Minority .How to realize the conflicts correctly and analyse the original causes and then find a solution to slove them can promote the execution of Marriage Law in Ethic Minority regions ,and it also guarantee a steady society.


The present invention, uplink synchronization request method for a mobile communication system, the present invention relates to that of the CDMA allocation information element structures and apparatus. Method of requesting synchronization of the uplink in the mobile communication system has been determined and determining whether there is uplink synchronization error when there is a) the uplink traffic, b) and uplink synchronization has errors optionally including calculating a timing adjustment value, c) the calculated step of performing a bandwidth request by transmitting a bandwidth request code contained timing adjustment value to the base station. According to the present invention, the subscriber terminal compares the reception time of the reference adaptation value and the downlink preamble calculates the uplink synchronization timing, the uplink of the subscriber terminal for requesting bandwidth allocation through the bandwidth request ranging to maximize resource utilization to be used for uplink synchronization by synchronizing.


Today's new world has been emerged very rapidly i.e., "lifestyle disorders". This world is concerned with chronic non-communicable diseases which have been taken the form of epidemics in the current era. Ayurveda is an abso- lute science of lifestyle. An ideal lifestyle has been described for health maintenance. This described lifestyle ter- minates all the changes which are occurred due to time. Ayurveda gives more emphasis on the prevention of dis- eases than treatment. Therefore, it is not only limited to the management and treatment of diseases.1 India during the epidemiological transition. The major killer diseases of the past were the plague, smallpox, cholera, trachoma, guinea worm etc. Many of the major killer diseases have been eradicated but many of them still visit the people intermittently. Tuberculosis, malaria, typhoid fever, meningitis, sexually transmitted diseases are the area of ma- jor concern at present. In a developing country like India, about 40 per cent of the deaths are still due to infec- tious, parasitic, respiratory diseases compared with about 8 per cent in developed countries. In addition to this due to changing lifestyle, living standards, some demographical factors, urbanization, industrialization, and wide- spread effects of technology etc. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) has emerged as the major killer disease in the present era. It is accounting for over 60% of all deaths. According to a World Health Organization (WHO) report (2002), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) will be the major cause of deaths and disabilities in India by 2020. NCDs cause significant morbidity and mortality both in urban and rural populations, with considerable loss in potentially productive years (aged 35-64 years) of life. Besides the NCDs, tuberculosis like communicable diseas- es is a huge health burden in India at present. Most of the developed countries have controlled tuberculosis even much before the advent of BCG or chemotherapy, whereas India accounts for nearly one-fifth (20%) of the global burden of tuberculosis at present times. There were approximately 29.8 million patients with cardiovascular dis- ease in India during the year 2003 and an estimated 1.5 million deaths per year due to the same cause. The total numbers of stroke cases in India in the year 2004 were about 6.36 million with about 0.63 million deaths and there are approximately 2 to 2.5 million cancer patients at any given point of time, with around 7-9 lakh new cas- es being detected each year and around half of these cases die each year in India.13
Keywords: Ayurveda, lifestyle disorders, non-communicable diseases, tuberculosis, patients.


The relationship between welfare benefit levels and migration is a subject of concern for both economists and political leaders. In this paper, the relationships between the level of welfare benefits offered by states, and the interstate migration patterns of potential welfare recipients (and vice versa) are investigated. The test results do not support the hypothesis that the black migrant population - identified as being representative of the set of potential welfare recipients - joins with the indigenous black population to raise the average level of welfare payments, but the results do support the hypothesis that black migration patterns are sensitive to differences in the level of welfare payments among the states.


With growing interest in stream surveys there has become increasing need for keys to the immature stages and for the water-quality associations of aquatic insects. There are many excellent papers in the literature on rearing and maintaining various aquatic orders. However, to our knowledge there are no published techniques for rearing the dryopoid families. Methods commonly used with aquatic insects are often complex and employ equipment not always available in smaller laboratories (Bjarnov and Thorup 1970). Even the simpler methods do not provide for an adult stage that is also aquatic and requires swift water. The technique described here uses a minimum of equipment and has been successful in rearing 3 dryopoid genera.


Objective To explore the application of alcohol soluble fixing solution in alkaline phosphatase staining.Methods Two tissues in each of 60 fresh samples were taken and assigned as group A and group B fixed by cold acetone and alcohol soluble fixing solution respectively.Conventional paraffin slice were obtained for the two groups and the corresponding control group was set.All groups underwent alkaline phosphatase Ca-Co staining.Results Black alkaline phosphatase were observed in groups A and B,the positive intensity in group B was higher,and the control group was negative.Conclusion Alcohol soluble fixing solution is better than cold acetone in fixing and staining alkaline phosphatase.


Karst topography and carbonate rock related landscapes are considered very important yet fragile geomorphic features. In particular, ecosystems in karst regions are extremely sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances. For karst topographic features of southwest China this is especially true given the presence of highly developed tower karst, long history of human exploitation, and current high human population density. It is commonly agreed that the frequent human activities in this karst region have altered the water, and carbon budgets. Among the various consequences of human disturbance, rock desertification, the processes where areas formerly covered with vegetation and soil are converted to rocky / barren lands, is a very common process. The speed of rock desertification reach a high point during the 1980s resulting in the deterioration of the karst ecosystem and, subsequently, worsening local poverty levels. In this paper,the key issues of land use and ecological processes are discussed.Soil moisture plays an important role in plant growth and vegetation rehabilitation,and has a high temp-spatial heterogeneity. The characteristics of spatial distribution of soil moisture are largely dependent on land use types,topographic position,soil texture and others .different land use types may result in diferent patterns on nutrient loss and runof.dunes.The responses of soil improvement to vegetation restoration were also analysed.The innovative approach for improvement in both the restoration of degraded ecosystem s and regional sustainable development were discussed.


MoVTe(Sb)Nb oxides are promising candidates for the single step oxidation of propane to acrylic acid in technical applications. Therefore, topics of this thesis are the synthesis and catalytic properties of these complex mixed oxides. Main focuses were the phase formation during synthesis and the kinetics of M1 -MoVTeNbO x in selective propane oxidation. Using a quantitative kinetic model it was shown that the vanadium distribution is a key factor for the activity of the catalysts. Since inactive sites are occupied by vanadium first, a statistical arrangement of vanadium leads to higher activity in comparison to acrylic acid further oxidation and therefore to higher product yields.


In recent years, the rapid development of internationalmarkets,diversification of financial instrumentsandmany factors suchas the phenomenon of globalization have increased the importance of riskmanagement. In particular,reachinga negative development,whichbegins on a national basis to international heights in a shorttime, has increased the need for more precise regulations in riskmeasurement. Basel III Accord has intended to ensure financialstability in the international arena and prevent the possible global crisis.This study is designed to examine the scope of the Basel III Accord whichis an additional set of regulations and its macro-economic effects


Summary form only given, as follows. The kinematic GPS landing system (KGLS) uses differential GPS carrier phase data to navigate landing aircraft. As the aircraft overflies a "GPS marker beacon" during its approach, the KGLS sensor uses beacon data to resolve the carrier phase integer ambiguity. This deterministic method provides centimeter-level accuracy and high reliability on every approach.<<ETX>>


This paper deals with the e妊ect of the blade leading edge location of low solidity cascade di 任user (LSD) on noise and di 妊user performance in a centrifugal blowe r. The noise of the vaneless diffuser varied li tt1 e in a wide flow rate range , on the other hand , that of the LSD increased remarkably as the flow rate decreased. Two kinds of discrete frequency noise appeared due to interaction between the rotating jet-wake flow and the LSD blade and another interaction between the rotating impeller blades and the reverse flow toward the impeller exit , however , it was found that 白eLSD noise was mainly dominated by the broadband noise. By shifting 白eLSD blade leading edge location down. stream from R LSD =1. 10 to 1. 20 , the noise was reduced by about 3 dB at maximum without deteriora. tion of the diffuser performance. The mechanism being able to maintain the high pressure recovery was pursued in view point of formation of the recirculating secondary flow.


This paper introduces the working principle of WYAC type displacement mulual inductor and its applying method using in liquid level measure showing.