Preface and Acknowledgments List of Tables List of Illustrations and Captions Chapter 1. In Search of Religion in Everyday Life Chapter 2. "Spirituality" and "Religion": What Are We Talking About? Chapter 3. Spiritual Practices in Everyday Life Chapter 4. Religious Communities and Spiritual Conversations Chapter 5. Everyday Life at Home Chapter 6. Nine to Five: Spiritual Presence at Work Chapter 7. Everyday Public Life: Circles of Spiritual Presence and Absence Chapter 8. Bodies and Spirits: Health, Illness and Mortality Chapter 9. Spiritual Tribes: Toward a Sociology of Religion in Everyday Life Appendix 1. Participants and Their Religious Communities Appendix 2. Coding and Analyzing Stories Appendix 3. Research Protocols Notes References Index


The marsupial frog Fritziana goeldii is an endemic species of Brazil whose there is no aspects of the adult diet reported in the literature. In this work, we report the first observation on its diet, the predation of Elpidium sp., an ostracod that lives in bromeliads and is known to use amphibians as vectors for phoresy. It is also the first time that this group is reported as a prey of an adult amphibian.


Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of TCM Massage Combined with Hyperbaric Oxygen in the treatment of sudden deafness. Methods: The sudden deafness in 101 cases of hospitalized patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,51 cases in experimental group,50 cases in the control group,the control group with conventional therapy( drug and hyperbaric oxygen therapy),the experimental group on the basis of conventional therapy plus Chinese auricular acupoint massage in the treatment. To observe the effect of the two groups. Results: The total effective rate of the experimental group was 98. 28% and the total effective rate of the control group was 86. 79%,there was significant difference between the two groups; tinnitus relief rate was94. 83% and 83. 01% in the experimental group and control group and had significant difference. Conclusion: Traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture point massage ear region has unique curative effect on the treatment of sudden deafness,and can significantly reduce the symptoms of tinnitus,can be used for clinical treatment of sudden deafness.


The association between cancer and thromboembolic diseases was first suggested by Armand Trousseau more than 130 years ago. Although initial progress was slow, it is now well recognized that most cancer patients are in a hypercoagulable state that may present with various clinical symptoms. It also has been long known that cancer growth and metastasis are intimately linked to the new growth of blood vessels (angiogenesis), but the close linkage between hemostasis and angiogenesis has only recently been appreciated. Both hemostasis and angiogenesis depend on a balance between a large number of stimulatory and inhibiting mechanisms. Under physiological conditions the inhibitor pathways appear to prevail. Under pathological conditions, however, especially in cancer, the systems become activated. This issue of Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis reviews the present understanding of the interrelationship between the two systems and how they complement each other to foster tumor development, tumor growth, and metastasis. In the first article, Wojtukiewicz and colleagues give a comprehensive overview of the two systems in health and disease and delineate which components of the extremely complex systems interact with each other. The release of angiogenesis-promoting factors and down-regulation of angiogenesis-inhibiting factors play a key role in this process. Endothelial cells undergo profound changes during angiogenesis, leading to increased permeability that allows proangiogenic stimuli to enter tissues and thus foster the formation of new blood vessels needed for malignant tumors to grow. Tissue factor released at higher levels in cancer patients not only activates the hemostasis system, but also promotes angiogenesis by multiple means, clottingdependent or -independent. Thrombin and fibrinogen/ fibrin are additional major players in this process, and a wealth of information has been gathered over the last few years that has unraveled many of the interrelated pathways. Although the entire process appears to be extremely complex, the authors have summarized the key events in a comprehensive and understandable fashion. The articles that follow provide a greater insight into the events associated with angiogenesis. Yu and coworkers review the role of oncogenes as regulators of tissue factor (TF) expression. TF not only initiates the activation of the clotting system, but also serves as a mediator of intracellular signaling events that alter gene expression patterns and cell behavior. TF is intimately involved in tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. In some cancer patients high levels of TF indicate poor prognosis. The authors describe their own work on the down-regulation of TF by oncogene-targeting agents. Such down-regulation leads to decreased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and thus impacts angiogenesis. Targeting TF expression in cancer patients should be considered in conjunction with other therapeutic modalities. In the third article, Fernandez and associates describe the role of TF and fibrin in tumor angiogenesis. The link between expression of TF and thromboembolism in certain cancer patients is reiterated, and the close relationship between TF and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and thus angiogenesis is discussed. There are various pathways, clotting-dependent and -independent, by which TF affects angiogenesis in tumors and thereby facilitates tumor growth and metastasis. TF appears to be a key player in these events. Also fibrin, fibrinogen, and their degradation products seem to be involved in this process. Fibrin matrices serve as binding sites for a large number of cellular elements via both integrin-mediated and non–integrin-mediated cell surface receptors. The organizational structure of fibrin also plays an important role. In addition, the functions of degradation products of fibrin and fibrinogen are extensively reviewed. Colman delineates the role of the contact system of hemostasis in angiogenesis. For new blood vessels to develop, endothelial cells have to detach, the basement membrane has to be degraded, endothelial cells have to migrate and proliferate, and tubes have to form. The factors of the contact system are intimately involved in these processes either directly or via the activation of the fibrinolytic system with the ultimate generation of plasmin. High-molecular-weight kininogen (HK) displaces adhesive proteins and thus inhibits cell adhesion. The enzymatic degradation of the basement membrane is facilitated by plasmin that is generated by HK-mediated


Medium modification of nucleon properties are studied in the framework of the Linear Sigma Model (LSM). The nucleon is described as a chiral soliton with 3‐quarks bounded due to their interactions with sigma and pion fields. Medium effects are introduced through the coupling of the quarks to sigma and omega fields, the strengths of which are determined self‐consistently in a Walecka‐like model, whose fermionic nucleon mass is calculated in the framework of the LSM. The nucleon properties are presented as functions of the nuclear density.


With the rapidly growing number of vehicles around the world, the disposal of the waste and discarded tyres is a serious concern worldwide. There are few investigations reported in the literature w.r.t. the use of the regenerated rubber derived from the waste tyres in the construction of pavements. The highway construction forms a potential sector for the use of such waste whereby the problem of its disposal will get eliminated on one hand and reduce the environmental concern on the other hand. The use of such waste is found to improve the performance and strength of the pavement. This paper presents the limited experimental investigations on the use of innovative reinforcement in the form of rubber cell derived from the regenerated or reclaimed tyres in the pavement application. The rubber cell derived is similar to conventional geocell. The experimental study entails the use of the rubber cell placed within the conventional granular sub-base (GSB) of the conventional flexible pavement through a model pavement. The laboratory model tests were conducted with the help of the test tank of dimensions (1 m × 1m × 1m). The sub-base was placed above the weak subgrade in a test tank. The results of the laboratory model tests indicates the better performance of the pavement with the use of the rubber cell in the sub-base as compared to the performance of the pavement with conventional granular subbase without rubber cell reinforcement. The study confirms the effective utilization of the discarded tyres as a reinforcing material in the pavements.


Abstract The author re-examines claims in the literature on Antonio Lopez that from the 1970s this fashion illustrator had significantly influenced the sporty styling of fashion. However, Antonio's 1960s swimsuit-, motorcycling- and varsity-themed ads reveal some prior links with sport. Antonio's later Olympics illustrations, and especially his renditions of bodybuilders and athletes, evoked the urban fitness and hedonism of 1970s and 1980s New York. This went along with inspiration derived from the 1930s' so-called "American Scene" artists Benton, Marsh and Hopper. Antonio was also influenced by Warhol's portrayals of masculine exhibitionism and homoeroticism. For Antonio, the appeal of sport can be explained by an envious appropriation of the athletic physique as well as a personal re-imaging along sporty lines. The "horsetails" and "centaurs" which figure in Antonio's work hint at his spirited sexuality. It is concluded that from the mid-1960s Antonio had already been illustrating sportswear, that he was inspired by depictions of sport and corporeal physicality by fine artists, and that his true significance for the sporty styling of fashion consisted in a "Warholian" edginess in choice of themes and treatment of motifs at a time of much hedonism and shading of gender.


Carbon dioxide and ethylene evolution began to increase rapidly after 10 and 21 h respectively when banana fruit were induced to ripen by treatment with propylene. At 36 h the soluble solids content of pulp tissue and the proportion of linolenic acid esterified to phospholipids extracted from pulp tissue increased. From 44 h onwards there was a progressive increase in pulp tissue permeability, as measured by leakage of electrolytes. The causes of the increased electrolyte leakage are discussed, with reference to the change in the proportion of linolenic acid and the increase in pulp soluble solids. INTRODUCTION Experimental evidence that the apparent permeability of banana fruit tissues increases during ripening (Sacher, 1962, 1966, 1967; Baur and Workman, 1964; Brady, O'Connell, Smydzuk, and Wade, 1970) has been criticized on the grounds that some of the measurements were affected by artefacts (Burg, Burg, and Marks, 1964; Simon, 1977). The proportion of linolenic acid esterified to membrane phospholipids increases during ripening of banana fruit (Wade and Bishop, 1978) and changes in tissue permeability might be causally associated with changes in membrane composition. This paper examines whether the change in lipid composition can be correlated with other ripening phenomena, including tissue permeability. Ripening was induced in banana fruit by applied propylene, which enables the rates of both endogenous ethylene evolution and respiration to be measured (McMurchie, McGlasson, and Eaks, 1972). Measurements were made of respiration rate, ethylene evolution, soluble solids content, tissue permeability, and fatty acid This content downloaded from 188.8.131.52 on Mon, 08 Aug 2016 04:35:33 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 976 Wade, Campbell, and Bishop—Permeability of Ripening Bananas composition of extracted phospholipids. The times at which each of these parameters changed significantly were determined. This method measures only gross changes in the bulk tissue and success in detecting the beginning of a particular change depends upon the proportion of cells in which the change occurs simultaneously and the sensitivity of the measurements made. MATERIALS AND METHODS


The hydrodynamics of a two-phase system, air-water, is studied in a bubble column with draft tube using the commercial software ANSYS-CFX, solving momentum and mass balances coupled to the turbulence model SST (Menter, 1994) that solves the RANS approach. The model of Ishii-Zuber (1979) for the drag force, the model of Lopez de Bertodano (1991) for turbulent dispersion and the lift force using lift coefficient CL values of 0.1 and 0.5 were employed. The results were validated against the experimental data reported by Calvo et al. (1993) and Pironti et al. (1995) in a draft tube spouted bed with gas inlet velocities of 5.72, 9.44 and 16.05 cm/s. The results qualitatively describe the system, where the flow regime is turbulent and where mixing effects dominates over diffusive effects; these results show the expected behavior of the system as described in the work of Calvo et al. (1993). The results showed that the drag force is unable to model the volume fraction of air in the column. The model requires using the lift and turbulent diffusion forces to improve the prediction of holdup in the column. These results agree with those presented by Riera et al. (2012).


From the viewpoint of modernization,the reason why Japan before the Second World War,turned to the road of expansion and fascistization rapidly after Meiji Reform included:the imbalance of Japan's economical modernization and the lag of agriculture and rural area's development,the change of Japan's culture and modernization of its thinking relying on Mikado's feudal tradition,the malformations of Japan's political modernization with army man's interference to politics,the judgment and choice of international system the essence of which was vertical relationship while the manifestation was horizontal relationship. Therefore,Japan impacted and tried to construct the East Asian regional order with the coat of modernization and serious deformities of modernization till it failed at last.


turbomachine compressor, comprising variable pitch vanes comprising a blade connected by a plate (17) of circular contour in a pivot (18) guided in rotation in an orifice of a housing (14), the plate comprising a conduit (40 ) air supply having one end for communicating with a passage (46) formed in the housing when the blade is in a first position, for the injection of air into the compressor upstream of the vein of the blade, and to be closed by this housing when the blade is in a second position.


This thesis analyzes the mechanism and process of hydration reaction of cement in concrete, the factors that influence the reaction and their corresponding parameters, introduces the thermodynamic parameter of concrete, studies the calculation model of adiabatic temperature rise of concrete and deduces the principle and formula of the cooling of water pipe in concrete. It uncovers the principles of analyzing unstable concrete temperature field, and demonstrates four boundary conditions of concrete. Based on the principle of finite element analysis, a simulation analysis is conducted on the temperature field of concrete base plate of an intake tower during construction period. RT-1 thermometer is used to conduct simultaneous observation on the temperature field. This thesis generates the features and variation patterns of the temperature field of mass concrete during construction period. The comparison between and the analysis of the calculation and actual measurement proves the feasibility of applying the calculation model the thesis proposes in practice .


Films of order–disorder‐type ferroelectrics were considered in the mean‐field approximation of the Ising model taking into account the depolarization field and four‐dipole interactions. It was shown that this system could be described on the basis of the renormalized bulk system free energy with two‐dipole interaction constant dependent on the film thickness, surface and depolarization field characteristics. This led to the size‐driven phase transition between paraelectric and ferroelectric phases with transition temperature dependent on the film thickness. For small values of the four‐dipole interaction constant, the size‐driven crossover from the first‐order phase transition to the second‐order one with film‐thickness change was forecasted. An analytical expression for the tricritical point temperature and thickness was obtained. The increase of the four‐dipole interaction constant led to the first‐order phase‐transition existence independently of the film thickness, with the temperature region of the phases' coexistence widening with thickness decrease. The phase diagram in coordinates temperature–film thickness and the order parameter were calculated with the help of the derived free energy. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of flavonoids from different places Chrysanthemum which inhibited angiotensin converting enzyme.Method:Apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucoside,luteolin 7-O-(6″-O-malonyl)-β-D-glucoside,apigenin 7-O-(6″-O-malonyl)-β-D-glucoside,were used as the standards which were extracted and identified by our lab and the compounds inhibiting the activities of angiotensin converting enzyme were determined.Agilent zorbax SB-C18 chromatographic column(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm)was used and the gradient elution solvent system composed of 0.1% acetic acid solution-acetonitrile was used as the mobile phase.The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1,the detection wavelength was set at 330 nm and the volume of injection was 20 μL.Results:The calibration curve was linear within the range of 10.9-350μg·mL-1(r=0.9992),16.8-540 μg· mL-1(r=0.9991),16.2-520 μg· mL-1(r=0.9994)respectively.The mean recovery for three kinds of concentration of these three standards were 100.2%,97.8%,98.2% respectively.Intra-day and inter-day RSDS were 1.5%,0.6%,3.3% and 1.3%,2.5%,2.9% respectively.Conclusion:The method is simple,sensitive,accurate,reproducible,which is suitable for the determination of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory compounds of flavonoids in Chrysanthemum.


In order to investigate the effects of train vibrations on laptop personal computers (PC) and their users, a survey was carried out and related experiments were subsequently conducted. The survey, which involved 114 computer users, was undertaken to identify cabin limitations and to ascertain needs from the PC users. The results indicated that the majority of those who took part in the survey were not satisfied with the current size or adjustability of seat tables provided in the cabin. Based on the user survey results, experiments were performed to ensure an optimum working space for PC use on running trains. The subjects (participants) evaluated various setting positions while performing tasks on PCs in a train simulator. The simulation results indicated ideal lengths, positioning, and an optimum range for seat table adjustability. The importance of providing adequate table space between PC and its user was also confirmed.


The European Community and the Challenge of the Future by Juliet Lodge Shaping fhe New Europe, by Hugh Miall Understanding the NewEuropean Community, by William Nicoll and Trevor C. Salmon European Community Law by Josephine Shaw Single Market to Social Europe, by Mark Wise and Richard Gibb The European Community in the 1990s‐Ever Closer andlarger, by Wolfgang Wessels and Christian Engel


This thesis investigates a new variant of the relationship between society and the states: Government-Owned (or Organized) Non-Governmental Organizations (GONGOs). Past research has typically understood civil society as a means to explain the orientation of groups of citizens towards collective outcomes. For decades, NGOs have been a key component of this relationship between political actors but the systematic study of GONGOs has been widely neglected by research. I used an original dataset collected from an NGO directory developed by the China Development Brief (CDB) that provides information on the functional areas of NGOs, their sources of funding and various organizational facts. These data were used to code a series of concepts that will serve as the basis for an initial systematic study into GONGOs and their relationship with the Chinese government. My theoretical expectations are that the primary predictors of an NGO's autonomy relate to their functional areas of operation, their age and other geographical factors. I find preliminary support for the effect of an NGO's age on its autonomy from the state, as well as initial support for the dynamic nature of the relationship between NGOs and the state. I close with a discussion of these findings as well as their implications for future research.


562 July 2020, Vol. 110, No. 7 COVID-19: Convalescent plasma as a potential therapy To the Editor: SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19, has posed a significant threat to global health. No specific treatment or effective prophylaxis has been established, and care of severely ill patients is largely supportive, with poor outcomes in those requiring ICU admission. Experimental therapies include antiviral agents such as remdesivir,[1] lopinavir/ritonavir[2] and favipiravir,[3] hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine,[4] interleukin-6 inhibitors such as tocilizumab,[5] siltuximab[6] and sarilumab,[7] and COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP).[8] CCP has been included in the treatment guidelines for severe COVID-19 in China,[9] and the Food and Drug Administration has recently approved its use for critically ill COVID-19 patients in the context of clinical trials and through the expanded access programme in the USA.[10] Interest has been expressed in the use of CCP for COVID-19 treatment in South Africa (SA). CCP refers to plasma collected from donors who have recovered from COVID-19 and are likely to have produced neutralising antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. It is hypothesised that the infusion of plasma with virus-specific antibodies confers immediate transfer of passive immunity to the recipient and may improve the clinical course and outcomes by accelerating viral clearance and antibodydependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of infected cells.[11] The use of convalescent plasma (CP) as passive immunisation to treat viral infections is not novel.[12] Early administration of CP has proved successful in reducing mortality from severe influenza[13,14] as well as the related epidemic coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV,[15] and has been used successfully in Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV[16] and Ebola virus disease.[17] Studies using CP in various viral infections have shown improvement of both laboratory and clinical parameters,[13,18-22] including a reduction in the hyperinflammatory cytokine response, which appears to be a critical driver of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19.[23,24] Where CP was used to treat SARS-CoV infections, the absolute risk reduction in mortality ranged between 7% and 23%,[25-30] and CP was associated with earlier discharge from hospital. [15,26,27,30] It is because of the positive results of these trials, in addition to the lack of successful treatment options available at present, that the use of CCP has been considered in the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Studies of the use of CCP from China have shown potential benefit, including improved survival,[31,32] reductions in viral load[31-33] and improved radiological features.[31,32,34] These studies have various limitiations, including small numbers of patients, lack of blinded, randomised or placebo-controlled trials, and patients receiving a multitude of different therapies. One study involving 6 critically ill patients[33] found that although all the patients became SARSCoV-2 RNA-negative within 3 days of CCP infusion, 5 eventually died. Consequently, before CCP can be considered as an effective treatment option, testing of its safety and efficacy in large randomised controlled trials has been recommended,[8,35] and trials are underway in the USA, the UK, Canada, Brazil and Italy, as well as several other European countries. Early safety[36] and treatment[37] outcomes appear encouraging, with non-ventilated patients benefiting more than those requiring ventilation. Historical use of CP has shown that it is most effective when used as prophylaxis or early in treatment, and these findings need to be established for CCP. There are unique challenges around the collection of CP during a pandemic. These include biological, such as ensuring that donors are clinically and virally free of SARS-CoV-2 and with a sufficient antibody titre to be therapeutically effective; logistical, such as travel/movement bans; legal, such as donor consent and eligibility, and regulatory requirements for administration of CP in a clinical trial; and scientific, such as limited commercial availability of validated assays for antibody titre testing. National blood services are uniquely positioned to address and manage these challenges, as they are likely to already have appropriate infrastructure and networks to support the rapid collection, testing and storage of blood products such as CP. While studies have shown that CP is safe, the theoretical risks of receiving any blood products need to be considered, including transfusion-transmissible infections and transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), specifically in the setting of a respiratory virus. These risks need to be mitigated by ensuring that CCP donors comply with all standard eligibility and testing criteria established for regular blood donations; excluding parous female donors to reduce the incidence of TRALI; and using pathogen reduction to target transfusion-transmissible infections. Furthermore, there is a theoretical risk that other non-anti-SARSCoV-2-neutralising antibodies may cause antibody-dependent enhancement of infection. Internationally, the willingness of recovered patients to donate CCP has ensured a sustainable CCP supply. With no proven effective therapy against COVID-19 available in SA, and in the context of limited resources to provide care to patients with critical illness, it is a research priority to evaluate potential therapeutic interventions in an SA population. An effective vaccine is required for sustained population immunity, but development, manufacture and scale-up are likely to be several months away. It is therefore appealing to consider CCP, which may offer immediate passive immunity, and production of which could be rapidly scaled to be widely available throughout the country in a matter of weeks. However, we would caution that given the current paucity of data and potential risks and complexities, before the use of CCP can be recommended, randomised controlled trials are needed to establish therapeutic efficacy and safe use for COVID-19 disease.


The use of ginger modified starch and soybean flour blends in the formulation of low-cost, nutritive complementary food gruels were studied. The complementary food samples were analyzed for their nutritional, functional, anti-nutritional and sensory properties. The nutritional composition of the samples showed that the protein content increased with increased supplementation with the soybean flour from 2.68% in sample A (10:90) to 3.97% in sample D (40:60). The functional properties of the samples showed an increase in the swelling index and water absorption capacities from samples A to sample D while the bulk densities were relatively constant. The complementary food samples also showed low levels of oxalate and phytate in the range of 0.03 to 0.06% for oxalate and 0.04 to 0.07% for phytate. The sensory evaluation carried out on the complementary food samples after reconstituting into gruel with warm water, milk and sugar showed that all the samples were well accepted by the judges.


The effect of the filler volume fraction on the tensile behavior of injection-molded rice husk-filled polypropylene (RH–PP) composites was studied. Hygrothermal aging behavior was also investigated by immersing the specimens in distilled water at 30 and 90°C. The kinetics of moisture absorption was studied from the amount of water uptake by specimens at regular interval times. It was found that the diffusion coefficient and the maximum moisture content are dependent on the filler volume fraction and the immersion temperatures. Incorporation of RH into the PP matrix has led to a significant improvement in the tensile modulus and a moderate improvement in the tensile strength. Elongation at break and energy at break, on the other hand, decreased drastically with the incorporation of the RH filler. The extent of deterioration incurred by hygrothermal aging was dependent on the immersion temperature. Both the tensile strength and tensile modulus deteriorated as a result of the combined effect of thermal aging and moisture attack. Furthermore, the tensile properties were not recovered upon redrying of the specimens. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the mode of failure of the RH–PP composites. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 742–753, 2001


In accordance with the differences of its articulation or levels of expression,knowledge consists of a chart of implicitness and explicitness,and all the knowledge has its right position in this chart.The process of knowledge creation can be summed up in three spiraling stages—socialization,integration and operation.Internalization and explicitness of knowledge exactly exist in these three stages.They rely on each other and promote each other so as to constantly make knowledge increase and finally create operative and innovative knowledge.


Little information is available on the management of turfgrass species for seed production in the Canadian prairies. The objective of these studies was to assess the impact of residue management and row spacing on seed yield under irrigation. A factorial experiment was seeded at Saskatoon, SK, in 1993 to assess the impact of burning or scalping (very close mowing with residue removal) vs. mowing, and 20- vs. 40-cm row spacing on seed yield of Kentucky bluegrass (KBG) (Poa pratensis), creeping red fescue (CRF) (Festuca rubra subsp. rubra) and creeping bentgrass (CBG) (Agrostis palustris). Also, a residue management trial on KBG was seeded at Brooks, AB, in 1993. At Saskatoon, yield was higher at 20-cm spacing across all three species in 1994, but spacing had no impact on winter survival, stand density, tiller growth or yield in subsequent years. Burning and scalping consistently resulted in earlier spring green-up, a higher proportion of fertile tillers, and higher seed yield than mowing. Even with residue...


Looking at a series of surveys conducted from 1997 to 2015 with lesbian couples having chosen to have children, the article looks at their representations of parenthood by examining the designations adopted to describe the bonds (as with mothers, fathers, parents, etc.) and the terms of address (mum, dad, daddy, mammy, etc.) established with the child. The terms of address and descriptions of such bonds seem to provide particularly relevant indicators to address the way lesbian mothers, subjects as they are like everyone else to the standards relating to our exclusive model of parenthood (a father, a mother and no-one else), articulate compliance with the standard of the marital and parental project and innovations as faced with the heteronormative and exclusive model of filiation.


Abstract The 104 identified piratical incidents in Australian waters between 1790 and 1829 indicate a neglected but substantial and historically significant resistance practice, not a scattering of unrelated spontaneous bolts by ships of fools. The pirates' ideologies, cultural baggage, techniques, and motivations are identified, interrogated, and interpreted. So are the connections between convict piracy and bushranging; how piracy affected colonial state power and private interests; and piracy's relationship to "age of revolution" ultra-radicalism elsewhere.


With the development of technologies such as big data analysis and deep learning, various industries have begun to integrate with big data analysis and deep learning and continue to promote the development of the industry. This system is an intelligent writing scoring system for college English teaching. It uses popular big data analysis and deep learning to distinguish training algorithms. From 2015 to 2022, the number of college students taking exams has increased yearly, with an increase of more than 50%. Therefore, the system proposes a text vector calculation method that can find matching samples in the text set after the text is weighted by the weight function and uses deep learning to distinguish the algorithm evaluates the matched text, and finally can get the final score according to the content quality, semantic coherence, text readability, and other aspects of the text. Compared with traditional manual scoring, this technology is more convenient, quick, concise, and effective. This system is significant for improving the efficiency of teaching English writing in college.


In recent years, the employment of biocatalysts for organic synthesis h as become an increasingly attractive alternative to chemical methods. In fact, l ipases often display high enantioselectivity, which makes these catalysts especi ally attractive for the interest for optically active compounds. This paper surv eys a number of the synthetic applications of lipases for chiral pharmaceutical intermediates, which span from the preparation of milligrams of entiomerically c ompounds in lab to the production of chiral intermediates on multiton scale for the pharmaceutical industry.


Current sharing among inductors is an important issue in both isolated and nonisolated dc-dc converters. In this paper, average current sharing is in-depth modeled and analyzed for both interleaved multiphase buck converters and isolated current-doubler dc-dc converters. The features and comparison of various current-sharing techniques used in isolated and nonisolated dc-dc converters are presented, and the corresponding design guidelines are provided based on the theoretical analysis. The analysis reveals that the state-of-the-art current-sharing technique for multiphase buck converters cannot be directly applied to isolated current-doubler rectifier (CDR) dc-dc converters to achieve balanced inductor currents. Passive and active current-sharing methods are proposed for isolated current-doubler dc-dc converters to balance two inductor currents. Experimental results are presented to verify the modeling analysis and the proposed current-sharing techniques for CDRs in isolated dc-dc converters.


This journal has raised the very important question of what the reader for the elementary school should be like. The authors of the article, E. A. Adamovich and N. V. Arkhangelskaia, expressed some very important ideas on this subject. We should like to present some of them more concretely and develop them from the viewpoint of the psychological requirements of readers.


This paper proposes a framework on how computational intelligence may be applied in developing smart grid to improve reliability and security of power system. Some examples will be used to demonstrate the feasibility.


Uppermost Turonian Montmount Sands, near Uchaux, represent a transgressive valley fill cutting into the underlying Boncavail Sandstones, a prograding coastal wedge of late Turonian age. The valley fill is composite (two erosinal surfaces). Correlations with basinal carbonates show that both the two erosional and infilling phases may have occurred during the latest Turonian-early Coniacian transgression. To explain such an anomaly versus Exxon geologists' model of sequence stratigraphy for third order cycles, we propose a short-lived amplification of the (? glacio-eustatic) high-frequency sea level oscillations during the transgression, which dramatically enhanced the signal responsible for parasequences to make a transgressive surface look like a sequence boundary


Chronic low back pain (cLBP) and depression are highly prevalent, disabling, costly, and complicate each other's management. A feasible, effective behavioral intervention targeting cLBP and comorbid depression is needed, especially in older adults. The goal of this research is to develop, in an iterative process, a health coach-telephone-delivered, behavioral intervention that will ultimately improve outcomes of disability and depression in older Veterans with cLBP and depression. This intervention builds on prior literature for chronic pain and mental illness (including goal setting and patient activation) used in older adults. In phase 1 of this research, the intervention content and manual was developed and adapted using input from 14 interviews (via telephone or in-person) with experts (behavioral interventionists, clinical and lifespan developmental psychologists, geriatricians, pain specialists), Veterans and stakeholders (primary care providers). This research has potential to improve patient reported outcomes for medically complex older Veterans with cLBP and comorbid depression.


Deconstruction dismantles the binary oppositions existing in Logo centrism,which gives "difference" to the text interpretation. The Catcher in the Rye reverses,by itself,the binary oppositions,dismantles the protagonist's "catcher" identity and interprets Holden's ambiguous future life with his empty ideal.


The invention relates to a method for treating high-concentration nitrogen-containing waste water; high-concentration nitrogen-containing waste water passes through an anoxic section, an anaerobic section, and an aerobic section in order; and the treatment process, as a whole, is in a plug flow manner. A reactor for realizing the method comprises six sections in series which are respectively an anoxic section, an anaerobic section, an aerobic section, an anoxic section, an anaerobic section, and an aerobic section; the anaerobic section is sealed; an aeration device is disposed at the bottom of the aerobic section; the volume ratio of the anoxic section, the anaerobic section, and the aerobic section is 2:5:3. With the invention, better effluent quality can be obtained; the operation is more stable; better buffer capacity and adaptability can be realized with respect to impact load, environmental changes such as pH and temperature changes, and toxic substances in influent; favorable environment conditions are provided for the growth of microorganism in each unit; and ideal removing effect is provided for high-concentration nitrogen-containing waste water.


Potentially excessive CO2 accumulation in infant incubators has been reported by Gale, et al (Pediatrics 60:453, 1977). Because of the potential significance of this finding, we measured C02 concentrations (% v/v) with a Beckman LB2 infrared analyzer in Air-Shield model C-86 (AS) and Vickers model 79 (V) infant incubators. Measurements were made over 90 minute periods with all portholes closed. Samples were obtained near the infant's forehead, away from the stream of exhaled gas. Each infant served as his own control in the two incubators. 15 infants weighing <3000 gms (1964 gms ± 134†) and 15 infants weighing >3000 gms (2957 gms ± 153) were studied at 30, 60 and 90 minutes. [CO2] was elevated above the nursery environmental level (0.03%) for all infants studied. Our findings are (mean ± SE†):Potentially significant CO2 levels may accumulate when larger Infants are placed in incubators. CO2 levels were higher in the V incubator compared to the AS in both groups.


In many recent studies of speeded scanning of immediate memory, variations in the size of the positive set (s) were confounded with variations in the probability (P) of the individual items within the positive set: As s increased, P decreased . The present experiment sought to determine whether the effect on RT attributed to s could be accounted for by variations in P. This was accomplished by factorially varying both s and P. Probability effects were confined to items in the positive set and were insufficient to account for the effect of s. The results are discussed in terms of a model in which s and P affect different information-processing stages. The s affects the number of comparisons between the encoded item and the items stored in the memory of the positive set, as proposed by Sternberg. The P affects response selection— information as to the particular digit that was presented is available to the mechanisms for response selection along with the knowledge that there was or was not a match. The response selection mechanisms are assumed to be biased in tune with the P values of the items within the positive set. The number of things that one has to think about and the expectancy as to the likelihood of occurrence of these things— stimulus number and stimulus probability —have long been regarded as fundamental variables in the study of cognition. The common rinding that longer RTs would be produced by an increase in the number of possible stimuli or a decrease in stimulus probability was a result that was compatible with most theories of stimulus recognition. Discriminating among the various theoretical accounts for these effects has been a more elusive task. One class of models holds that variations in stimulus probability and stimulus number affect only a single commodity such as information (in bits) or repetitions. Examples of such models are those that posit


Security of the image information has become more and more important. At present, researchers have paid much attention to DNA cryptography-based image encryption. In this paper, an efficient encryption approach is proposed, in which, we do not use DNA biological operation to implement image encryption, but DNA sequences are used as the secret keys. The permutation process is implemented by using Hao's fractal sequence representation and the diffusion process is used to alter the gray values. According to the simulation experiment and performance analysis, this approach is feasible and effective.


We experimentally investigate behavioral drivers of bribery, focusing on the role of self-interest, reciprocity, and moral costs associated with distorting judgment. In our laboratory experiment, two participants compete for a prize; a referee picks the winner. Participants can bribe the referee. When the referee can keep only the winner's bribe, bribes distort her judgment. When the referee keeps the bribes regardless of the winner, bribes no longer influence her decision. An experiment in an Indian market confirms these results. These findings imply that our participants are influenced by bribes out of self-interest, and not because of a desire to reciprocate. Further evidence shows that self-interest guides decisions to a greater extent when referees have scope for avoiding the moral costs associated with distorting judgment. As a result, limiting referees' ability to form self-serving evaluations can significantly reduce the effectiveness of bribes. (Less)


A number of authors have investigated the chemical processing due to fission of collapsing bubbles. In the present study, we focus on a venturi type microbubble generator. In this generator, rapid shrinkage and the collapse of bubble are generated. The purpose of the present study is to clarify the possibility of the chemical reaction in the venturi type microbubble generator. The chemical reaction was examined from pH, electric conductivity and gas concentration measurement because CO2 gas which changes pH, electric conductivity and CO2 gas concentration of solvent is expected to generate in the present chemical reaction. In order to identify the bubble breakup, we observed bubbly flow behavior in the venturi tube. Consequently, the difference of change of pH value, electric conductivity and CO2 gas concentration were obtained by rapid bubble breakup.


healthy commercial Roman breed egg type cockerels of 1 day old were randomly divided into 3 groups,in each of which there were 4 replications and the feeding test lasted 70 days with different doses of compound vitamins addition in each groupp diet,namely,compound vitamins 100 g·t -1 diet for group Ⅰ,200 g·t -1 diet for group Ⅱ and 300 g·t -1 diet for group Ⅲ.The results showed that the increase of the content of the compound vitamins in the diet significantly improved the healthy level,daily gain,feed conversion rate and the economic benefit of the fattening egg type cockerels.The increase of the dose of the compound vitamins from 200 g·t -1 diet to 300 g·t -1 diet did not further improve daily gain,feed conversion rate and economic benefit of the fattening egg type cockerels but showed a tendency of decline.In conclusion,from the comprehensive results of the daily gain,feed conversion rate and economic benefit,the test suggested that the optimal dose of the compound vitamins used in the diet for fattening egg type cockerels should be 200 g per t diet.


With the commercial availability of SiC JFET and MOSFET, their acceptance are expected grows in consideration to the excellent low switching loss, high temperature operation and high voltage rating capabilities of these devices. This paper presents the possibility of building a matrix converter using Normally-off SiC JFET and SiC MOSFET. Firstly, the paper demonstrates a gate drive circuit for Normally-off SiC JFET and SiC MOSFET taking into account the special demands for these devices. Furthermore, a theoretical investigation of the power losses of a matrix converter with Normally-off SiC JFET, SiC MOSFET and Si IGBT is described. The losses estimation indicates that a 7 KW matrix converter would potentially have an efficiency of approximately 96% if equipped with SiC device.


Hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1 and HIF‐2 are heterodimeric transcription factors that mediate the cellular response to hypoxia. Their key regulatory subunits, HIF‐1α and HIF‐2α, are induced similarly by hypoxia, but their functional roles in cancer may be distinct and isoform‐specific. SW480 colon cancer cells with stable expression of siRNA to HIF‐1α or HIF‐2α or both were established. HIF‐1α‐deficient cells displayed lower rates of proliferation and migration, but HIF‐2α‐deficient cells exhibited enhanced anchorage independent growth in a soft agar assay. Xenograft studies revealed that HIF‐1α deficiency inhibited overall tumor growth, whereas deficiency of HIF‐2α stimulated tumor growth. In human colon cancer tissues, expression of HIF‐1α and to a lesser extent, HIF‐2α, was linked to upregulation of VEGF and tumor angiogenesis. However, loss of expression of HIF‐2α but not HIF‐1α was strongly correlated with advanced tumor stage. DNA microarray analysis identified distinct sets of HIF‐1α and HIF‐2α target genes that may explain these phenotypic differences. Collectively, these findings suggest that HIF isoforms may have differing cellular functions in colon cancer. In particular, HIF‐1α promoted the growth of SW480 colon cancer cells but HIF‐2α appeared to restrain growth. Consequently, therapeutic approaches that target HIF may need to consider these isoform‐specific properties. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Provider groups taking on risk for the overall costs of care in accountable care organizations are developing care management programs to improve care and thereby control costs. Many such programs target "high-need, high-cost" patients: those with multiple or complex conditions, often combined with behavioral health problems or socioeconomic challenges. In this study we compared the operational approaches of 18 successful complex care management programs in order to offer guidance to providers, payers, and policymakers on best practices for complex care management. We found that effective programs customize their approach to their local contexts and caseloads; use a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to identify patients; consider care coordination one of their key roles; focus on building trusting relationships with patients as well as their primary care providers; match team composition and interventions to patient needs; offer specialized training for team members; and use technology to bolster their efforts. OVERVIEW As the United States grapples with steeply rising health care costs, payers, providers, and policymakers are seeking ways to improve the efficiency of health care delivery. One strategy pursued by nearly all provider groups participating in accountable care organizations that assume financial risk is to manage the care they provide to "highneed, high-cost" patients—those requiring complex, multifaceted care.1 While there is growing consensus on the importance of this approach to controlling costs, there is little to guide stakeholders as to the best practices for deploying care management programs. What Is Complex Care Management? While there are several types of care management interventions, we focus here on programs in which specially trained, multidisciplinary teams coordinate closely with primary care teams to meet the needs of patients with multiple chronic conditions or advanced illness, many of whom face social or economic barriers in accessing services.2 2 The Commonwealth Fund Primary care–integrated complex care management (CCM) programs perform four essential activities3: 1. Identifying and engaging patients who are at high risk for poor outcomes and unnecessary utilization. 2. Performing comprehensive health assessments to identify problems that, if addressed through effective interventions, will improve care and reduce the need for expensive services. 3. Working closely with patients and their caregivers as well primary care, specialty, behavioral health, and social service providers. 4. Rapidly and effectively responding to changes in patients' conditions to avoid use of unnecessary services, particularly emergency department visits or hospitalizations. CCM extends beyond medical issues to address, to the extent possible, how patients' psychosocial circumstances affect their ability to follow treatment recommendations and achieve a healthy lifestyle. The goals are to maintain or improve patients' functional status, increase their capacity to self-manage their condition, eliminate unnecessary clinical testing, and reduce the need for acute care services. To date, there is scant evidence of the effectiveness of primary care–integrated CCM in reducing overall health care costs. Many programs demonstrate improved quality or reduced acute care utilization, but their effects on net costs have been inconsistent across programs.4 Poor implementation at any point along this pathway reduces effectiveness and may explain the failure to demonstrate cost savings. To help guide health care providers, administrators, health system leaders, and payers that are investing in and implementing interventions for complex, high-cost patients, in this brief we describe the models and best practices of 18 successful CCM programs. We identified programs through literature review, recommendations of an expert steering committee, and snowball sampling.5 Appendix Table 1 provides an overview of each of the 18 programs, which are located in rural and urban areas in 14 states and focus on high-risk populations across payer types. Appendix Table 2 summarizes the care utilization, cost, and quality outcomes data for each program. Finally, for our inclusion criteria and data collection approach, see the About This Study box. Caring for High-Need, High-Cost Patients 3 WHAT MAKES FOR AN EFFECTIVE CCM PROGRAM? Following is a summary of key findings based on our investigation of effective CCM programs. CCM programs must be tailored to their particular context. Contextual factors include practice size, location in an urban or rural area, and program sponsorship and governance. • Small, independent practices, which are less likely to have a sufficient number of complex patients to justify investment in a CCM team, need to share CCM resources with each other. Regional care management entities that serve multiple practices are particularly well suited for areas where smaller practices predominate—for example, in rural locales. • CCM programs in rural settings require greater team resources or smaller caseloads to offset the increased travel time and relative scarcity of community resources. • Larger practices with sufficient numbers of complex patients should have embedded care managers at primary care practices and other key sites. Some CCM team members can be shared across practices. • Primary care teams familiar with the principles of team-based care and quality improvement processes are likely to be supportive of CCM programs. Conversely, CCM team members may facilitate practice change at primary care sites. Exhibit 1. Operational Control in CCM Programs: Advantages/Disadvantages of Different Approaches Operational Control Type Advantages Disadvantages Payer-operated • Greater flexibility • Access to financial resources • Greater challenges engaging patients and providers • Limit use of CCM resources to their members Practice-operated • Greater opportunity for primary care integration • Care managers pulled from care management tasks to cover day-to-day clinic duties Delivery system–operated • Central oversight of care management activities • Economies of scale—formal training opportunities, peer-learning, improved data integration, and greater connectivity with providers/care managers across the delivery system • May limit use of CCM resources to specific members for which the delivery system is at risk Independent Regional Care Management Organization • Allow implementation in places where a small number of complex patients make it difficult to embed CCM teams into practices • Economies of scale—formal training opportunities, peer-learning, improved data integration, and quality improvement capacity • Greater challenges engaging patients and providers • Limit use of CCM resources to their members 4 The Commonwealth Fund In selecting patients, CCM programs aim to identify individuals who are at the highest risk for poor outcomes and who would benefit from the planned care management interventions. This requires alignment between selected populations, interventions, and desired outcomes, and a combined quantitative and qualitative approach appears to work best. • The most reliable approach combines use of risk prediction software, chronic disease criteria, or utilization thresholds with patient/provider referrals or assessments. In this hybrid approach, providers must clearly understand the program goals and available care management interventions to select the right patients. • Focusing enrollment around acute care events, such as emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations, helps target opportunities to reduce costs and facilitate patient engagement. Exhibit 2. Patient Selection in CCM Programs: Advantages/Disadvantages of Different Approaches Patient Selection Approach Advantage Disadvantage Quantitative risk-prediction tools • Well-validated for identifying a subset of high-risk patients • Provides the most complete picture of expenditures • May not adequately identify psychosocially complex patients, for example, in Medicaid populations) • Depends on completeness of claims data; lack of continuous claims data in Medicaid because of frequent disenrollment may reduce precision of predictive modeling Acute-care-utilization focused • Identifies a high-risk population at a time of significant need and opportunity for impact • Misses high-risk patients who do not use acute care services • Does not identify factors that drive admissions to guide intervention High-risk-conditionor medication-focused • Widely available and easy to implement • More straightforward for providers to address • May not adequately identify patients at high risk for utilization/costs Health risk assessment • Combines the strengths of all the quantitative approaches and brings data together from multiple sources (including qualitative assessments) • Implementation is resource-intensive Referral by physician or staff, or patient self-referral • Providers prefer to have the ability to refer their patients to CCM programs • Provider referral identifies patients that are challenging to manage, but not necessarily those at high risk for future utilization/costs • Patient self-referral may identify motivated patients, who afford a greater opportunity for impact, but often have higher selfefficacy and more vulnerable patients are excluded Hybrid—quantitative and qualitative • May be most reliable approach to selecting high-risk patients that are most likely to respond to CCM • Takes advantage of the strengths of different approaches • More complex to implement Caring for High-Need, High-Cost Patients 5 The composition of the CCM team must be tailored to the target population and constructed to effectively deliver the desired outcomes. • Programs frequently configure multidisciplinary CCM teams around one or more primary care manager(s). This was typically a nurse, although social workers and community health workers may be


The present invention discloses a thin film deposition apparatus and film deposition method using the film deposition apparatus. The thin film deposition apparatus comprising: a chamber configured to a substrate having mounted in said chamber; ejecting unit configured to move and spray deposition vapor toward the substrate in the chamber; and a source supply unit configured to supply the deposition to the spray unit source of steam.


The job-shop scheduling problem with operators is an extension of the classical job-shop scheduling problem where each operation has to be assisted by one operator from a limited set of them. We confront this problem with the objective of obtaining robust schedules and minimizing the make span. In this way the problem becomes more difficult but more interesting from a practical point of view. We propose to solve the problem in three steps. In the first one, the JSP relaxation (without operators) is modeled and solved using a CSOP solver with the objective of minimizing the make span. Then, the solution is modified to include operators, in this step robustness is introduced by means of a set of buffers in the operators sequences. Finally, these buffers are uniformly distributed among the operations that are not involved in a critical path. We have conducted an experimental study showing that the proposed method reaches a good trade-off between robustness and optimality.


Wangqiao tunnel of Jiu-jing-qu railway is used as engineering example, based on risk analysis, aim at the construction scheme, comprehensive analysis and calculation has carried on combined monitoring and numerical analysis. Reliability demonstration has conducted on comprehensive construction scheme of" ground surface grunting consolidation & mechanical excavation & improving support measure & settlement monitoring". Practice has proved that the deformation of the tunnel's settlement of the arch and the high-voltage transmission tower were in allowable ranges, and good economic and technical results are obtained, the results can provide a reference for similar projects.


Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a complicated pathophysiological process, which is involved in calcium overload, free radical production, metabolic abnormalities, and inflammatory reaction. With the development of modern molecular biology, the expression and regulation of gene in myocardial I/R injury are focused on NF-κB.1Inflammatory reactions play an important role in I/R injury.2 TNF-α, an important inflammatory cytokine, is regulated by NF-κB and counteracts the activation of NF-κB. Sometimes, improper activation of NF-κB can induce excessive inflammatory responses and injury, so, modulation of NF-κB activation may dedicate a new target in alleviation of myocardial I/R injury.3Our previous studies have proved that Bai-hua Qian-hu (Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn, BQ), a Chinese traditional plant had cardioprotective action in I/R animals.4 Its active ingredient Pd-Ia, a Ca2+-influx blocker5 and K+-channel opener,6 had similar effects. Meanwhile, it relieved inflammatory reaction and apoptosis in I/R myocardium through inhibition of interleukin-6 and Fas, bax, bcl-2 protein expression.7 However, the effects of BQ and Pd-Ia on the activation of NF-κB and the expression of TNF-α in I/R myocardium have not been clear yet. In this study, the effects of BQ and Pd-Ia on these two factors were investigated to further ascertain the molecular protective mechanism of BQ in I/R myocardium.


Stocks of large-hand and narrow-hand males of snow crab opilio are assessed separately for the first time on the data collected in the Primorye subarea southward from Cape Zolotoy (47°20' N) in 2010-2013. Results of the separate assessment change fundamentally the conception of this exploited population recruitment. There is proposed to calculate the recruitment of its commercial stock from the number of narrow-hand males with commercial size instead of former method based on the number of pre-recruits size groups, that means that the large-hand males only are considered as commercial ones but the large-size narrow-hand males are their reserve. Dynamics of the size composition is analyzed and several options for calculation of the commercial stock recruitment after the final moult are proposed.


Reformers decry the "revolving door" in Congress and the executive branch. Government officials often lobby when they leave office, and are highly influential when so doing. We examine whether revolving door lobbying is a problem at the U.S. Supreme Court. We do so by analyzing former High Court law clerks. The data show that, unlike their counterparts in other branches, former Supreme Court clerks do not possess proprietary information that they can use to their advantage. They are no more likely to win their cases at the merits stage than similar attorneys who never clerked. Nor are they any more successful at the agenda stage than similar attorneys who never clerked. These results inform our understanding of lawyer influence on the Supreme Court and offer insight into reforms policymakers might consider to reduce revolving door influence in the political branches. Reformers decry the "revolving door" in Congress and the executive branch. They argue that when government employees and policymakers leave public service and lobby to influence their former colleagues, something is wrong with "the system," a system in which insider information, personal relationships, and lobbying loopholes influence policy outcomes. One study found that 56% of the revenue from lobbying firms between 1998 and 2008 could be attributed to people who previously worked in the federal government (Vidal, Draca and Fons-Rosen 2012). Another study found that of the 50 top lobbyists in Washington, 34 previously worked in the federal government (Eisler 2007). The concern, of course, is that people who walk through the revolving door exercise undue influence over public policy. While recent studies have shown that revolving door lobbying influences legislative and executive branch policies (Cain and Drutman 2014; Vidal, Draca and FonsRosen 2012; Baumgartner et al. 2009), it is unclear whether those who walk through the Supreme Court's revolving door similarly influence justices. That is, do former Supreme Court clerks enjoy unique influence over High Court decisions? Many law firms seem to believe that former clerks can influence case outcomes at the High Court. Former clerk signing bonuses tell the tale. When the justices' law clerks departed at the end of the 2014 term, many of them collected signing bonuses as large as $330,000 from the private firms with which they signed on to work. These bonuses, combined with hefty salaries, allowed former clerks to earn roughly a half million dollars in just their first year away from the Court (Kendall 2012). And it was not just the 2014 clerks who walked away with fists full of money. Over the last two decades, clerks have received substantial bonuses to work for private law firms. Clearly, the firms that pay them believe they earn their money back through legal influence and greater success before the Court. But do they? Are former clerks uniquely influential? To analyze the revolving door at the High Court, we examine whether former Supreme Court law clerks are more likely to win their cases before the Court than otherwise similar attorneys who never clerked for the Court as well as whether they are more likely to get their


Changes in the meaning of sovereignty are at the center of intersecting discussions between comparative and international politics. This article uses open-system perspectives from organization theory to move beyond arguments over the erosion or resilience of sovereignty, toward more substantive questions about the nature of the boundaries of political actors, and to frame the possibility that changes in world politics are constituting new actors whose relationships would follow logics different from those ascribed to sovereign states.


ABSTRACT Horses were vital to the military activities and social identities of the late medieval aristocracy. However, the process by which warhorses were broken and trained is poorly studied, in part because of a perceived lack of equestrian literature from Western Europe. This article uses the hippiatric tradition of horse care manuals as sources for training and behavioural control; analysing techniques that used pain and fear as well as magic and devotion to render a horse subservient. Medieval horsemanship reflected complex ideas of nobility, bellicosity and submission; using violence and bodily subjectification to turn a 'wild' foal into an elite warhorse that was recognisable by its gentility and politesse as well as its fierceness and bravery. As well as adding to our knowledge of medieval military provisioning and culture, this paper also contributes to a more nuanced picture of the lived experiences of animals in the Middle Ages.


Abstract The dynamic response spectra of fractionally damped viscoelastic beams subjected to concentrated moving load are presented. This work quantitatively emphasizes the need for fractional-order damping model in the dynamics of viscoelastic structures, by demonstrating the effect of various orders of fractional derivative damping in beams subjected to concentrated moving loads. The fractional-order Kelvin–Voigt model describes the rheological properties of the viscoelastic material. The Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative of order 0<α ≤ 1 is applied. The complex natural frequencies of viscoelastic beams are studied with respect to α. The forced vibration response is investigated for a wide range of speeds of the moving load, encompassing all practical applications. The results obtained from the fractional-order damping model and the integer-order damping model are compared. With an increase in the order of the fractional derivative, the system damping of the system increases and the dynamic amplification factor (DAF) decreases, especially in the dynamic zone of the sweep parameter. Thus, an integer-order mechanical model over-predicts the damping and under-predicts the dynamic deflections and stresses. The fractional-order of derivative significantly influences the natural frequency, damping coefficient, and DAF. The results are verified with the literature. Communicated by Jie Yang.


In declaring 2005-2014 Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (DESD), the United Nations challenge all countries to integrate the principles, values, and practices of sustainable development into their education and learning policies and programmes at all levels. The concept of sustainable development, first used in 1987 Brundtland World Commission Report, has itself since evolved from its narrow two foci use on environment and development process, to include broader dimensions that integrate economic, ecological, social, and spiritual well-being which promote the quality of life. But a proper integration of these four pillars of sustainable development into education and learning process requires an innovative and interdisciplinary approach. Sustainable development is a scientific concept which builds on observable facts as well as an ethical imperative which demands critical reflection on responsible human action. The objective of this study is therefore to critically examine how the content and practices of the Christian faith teach and enhance responsible action for sustainable development. Firstly, the paper analyses some key Biblical values that foster sustainable development. Secondly, it demonstrates how the basic principles of Catholic social teaching correspond with and promote the principles of sustainable development. Thirdly, it highlights some Christian activities that promote sustainable development. Finally, the paper concludes by recommending a greater integration of the Christian value-based education into the education and learning system in Africa.


In retrieval settings such as the Web, many document authors are ranking incentivized: they opt to have their documents highly ranked for queries of interest. Consequently, they often respond to rankings by modifying their documents. These modifications can hurt retrieval effectiveness even if the resultant documents are of high quality. We present novel content-based relevance estimates which are "ranking-incentives aware"; that is, the underlying assumption is that content can be the result of ranking incentives rather than of pure authorship considerations. The suggested estimates are based on inducing information from past dynamics of the document corpus. Empirical evaluation attests to the clear merits of our most effective methods. For example, they substantially outperform state-of-the-art approaches that were not designed to address ranking-incentivized document manipulations.


Review(s) of: Emily and the Big Bad Bunyip, by Jackie French, illus by Bruce Whatley, Angus and Robertson, $24.99 hb, ISBN 9780207200809, October.


We consider the exterior problem for the wave equation. When numerically solving the exterior problem, one often introduces an artificial boundary in order to reduce the computational domain to a bounded domain and imposes an artificial boundary condition (ABC) on the artificial boundary. We introduce a new ABC, which is constructed by using the Dirichlet-to-Neumann (DtN) operator associated with the Helmholtz equation. Our ABC is suitable for the controllability method for computing numerical solutions of the Helmholtz equation. We show the wellposedness of the wave equation with our ABC. Then it is important to investigate some properties of the Hankel functions since the DtN operator on a spherical artificial boundary is analytically represented by the Hankel functions.


The purpose of the paper is to introduce the preparation and implementation for the land supply plan in Beijing,and conclude relevant basic experience as well as further put forward some suggestions and countermeasures to the problems of the supply plan.Methods of contrast and causality were employed.Results indicate that the whole performance of the land supply plan is well and the plan has positive effects,but at the same time,the land supply plan have some problems on the structure and guarantee mechanism.It is concluded that the plan should be improved and some proper guarantee mechanisms should be established.


This paper provides a convincing argument for assessing effectiveness of a pseudo-synchronizing power inverter by experimental study using a real inverter and real multiple synchronous machines. Since the renewable energy sources are being rapidly introduced to the power system, synchronous machines will be forced to stop in order to balance the supply and demand. The implementation of virtual inertia into power electronics devices are well known as one of effective ways to stabilize the power system with few synchronous machines. In previous researches including some studies by authors, the theoretical and simple experimental studies for pseudo-synchronizing power inverter have been already examined. To realize stable power system by introducing the pseudo-synchronizing power inverter, however, further realistic experimental analysis seems to be necessary. In the context of the realistic experimental study, we construct a small scale and realistic power system with multiple synchronous machines, two-line transmission lines with a fault simulation system, and a real inverter. The inverter is controlled by gate signals from a digital signal processing board (PE-Expert 4) which generates the signals so that the inverter has the synchronizing power virtually. It can be seen from the experimental results that the proposed pseudo-synchronizing power inverter can successfully work even in the realistic experimental power system.


Recently, there has been an increasing number of river water quality deterioration that has brought into water quality disruptions that entering dams including in Johor and one of them is occurred in Sembrong Dam in Johor. Sembrong Dam is a major water source for some 120,000 people in the districts of Kluang and parts of Batu Pahat. The quality of water in Sembrong should be well-monitored in ensuring the continuous distribution of clean and safe water supply to peoples. Based on the news reported by The Star news dated on 11 May 2015, the water bodies in Sembrong Dam are polluted by the algae blooms which has started to cause problems in treating water phase by clogging up the filters and causing the production to be reduced and finally resulting in frequent water disruptions to residents. Therefore, there is a need to study the water quality of the dam water prior to further water treatment. One of important characterizations is by measuring chlorophyll-a and the isolation of the dominant microalgae species in the water body in which they are able to indicate the level of water pollution. This paper presents the determination of chlorophyll-a and the isolation of microalgae strains collected from Sembrong Dam. Chlorophyll-a is a photosynthetic pigment present in all species of phytoplankton, including algae and in some photosynthetic bacteria, known as cyanobacteria. The method used in measuring the chlorophyll-a is based on the standard method of IS0 10 260. The average chlorophyll-a concentration measured at Sembrong Dam is 175.9 µg L-1 and it is responsible for the appearance of green color in the sample and it is categorized into hypereutrophic state which is highly polluted. The technique used for isolation of microalgae strains is traditional method which is by spreading the sample on agar. The pure isolate indicated that the genus Botryococcus is the dominant algae species which is characterized morphologically. Both chlorophyll-a and microalgae isolation are good biological indicator that indicate the pollution of Sembrong Dam. The pure culture is very important that it can be used for further studies with series of different tests to understand its properties and character for sustainability approach towards environmentally friendly as well as for microalgae removal formula.


The Chinese medicine for curing diabetes is a powder preparation made of 21 Chinese medicinal materials of astragalus root, dried/fresh rehmannia root, salvia root, Chinese yam, litchee pit, scrophularia root, atractylodes root, lycium berry, mume fruit, corn silk and so on by freeze-drying, sun-drying, calcining, removing dust, pulverizing, proportioning, curing and sterilizing to obtain the invented product. Its prescription is unique and therapeutic effect is obvious.


Based on classical Petri Nets,Set-token Petri net(StokPN) was defined to meet the need of modeling multi-item inventory systems.The extension includes token,semantics and rules.Set-token and its attributes sets were defined to describe a group of inventory items.Semantic extensions include new structural elements which include control nodes,routers and information arc,and functions and algorithm of nodes.The extension of rules includes structural and dynamic running rules.AutoMod simulation software was used to realize dynamic analysis of the StokPN models.An application study of a single node inventory system with more then 600 types of items was proposed which compared three cases.The results prove the validity,reliability and the describing ability of the StokPN,and also prove the practical value of StokPN in multi-item inventory system problems especially when there is a large number of item types.


Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Forsythia suspensa and antioxidant activity offorsythoside A. Method: The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography on silica gelSephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC, and their structures were identified by physicochemical properties andspectral analysis. DMPD"~ and DPPH experiments were conducted to examine the antioxidant activity offorsythoside A. Result: Six compounds were isolated from the fruits of F. suspensa. The structures of thecompounds were determined as forsythoside A ( 1 ) , calceolarioside B (2), rutin (3) and forsythin (4), isoolivil(5), daucosterol (6), respectively. Conclusion : Forsythoside A showed excellent antioxidant activity.


Objective
The molecular mechanism of citrullination involves the calcium-dependent peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) family of enzymes. These enzymes induce a stereochemical modification of normal proteins and transform them into autoantigens, which in rheumatoid arthritis trigger a complex cascade of joint inflammatory events followed by chronic synovitis, pannus formation, and finally, cartilage destruction. By hypothesizing that PAD2 and PAD4 enzymes produce autoantigens, we investigated five possible synovial protein targets of PAD enzymes.


Objective:To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on the quality of recovery from general anesthesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy.Methods:Sixty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients,aged 40-55yearrs,undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy,were randomly assigned into three groups(n=20each):control group(group C),dexmedetomidine 0.5μg/(kg·h)group(group D1),and dexmedetomidine 1.0μg/(kg·h)group(group D2).In groups D1and D2,10 min before anesthesia induction,dexmedetomidine 0.5μg/(kg·h)and 1.0μg/(kg·h)were infused for 10min respectively,while the equal volume of normal saline 20ml was given instead of dexmedetomidine in group C.General anesthesia was used in the three groups.Dezocine 5mg was injected intravenously immediately before pneumoperitoneum formed.The time for recovery of spontaneous breathing,extubation time,awakening time,and adverse reactions were recorded.Pain was assessed with verbal rating scale(VRS)at 5min after awakening from anesthesia.Results:Compared with group C,the incidence of agitation,coughing,and adverse cardiovascular events and VRS score were significantly decreased,and the rate of effective analgesia was significantly increased in groups D1and D2,and the awakening time and extubation time were significantly prolonged in group D2(P0.05).Compared with group D1,the awakening time and extubation time were significantly prolonged in group D2(P0.05).There was no significant difference in VRS score,the rate of effective analgesia and the incidence of adverse reactions between groups D1and D2(P0.05).Conclusion:The infusion of dexmedetomidine 0.5μg/(kg· h)before induction of general anesthesia can effectively improve the quality of recovery from general anesthesia in the patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy.


The impact of microsecond laser annealing at 1325°C on physical and electrical characteristics of HfxZr1−xO2 is compared to films annealed at 1000°C for 5s by a conventional rapid thermal process (RTP). Atomic force microscopy analysis shows that laser annealed HfxZr1−xO2 is smoother and void free, while RTP annealed HfxZr1−xO2 exhibits void formation and is rough. The x-ray diffraction analysis revealed higher degree of tetragonality on laser annealed film, particularly for Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 and ZrO2. Furthermore, laser annealed HfxZr1−xO2 devices have good electrical properties (well behaved CV, low gate leakage, and good mobility) whereas RTP annealed devices are not functional.


Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Electrophysiology Research Foundation

 Atrial fibrillation (AF) is known to impact cardiovascular(CV) mortality in heart failure (HF) patients (pts) with preserved ejection fraction (pEF) but its exact causes are unknown.

  We analyzed demographic, clinical, ECG and AF presentation as predictors of CV mortality, sudden death( SCD) and pump failure death(PFD) in HFpEF pts in the TOPCAT AMERICAS trial. We analyzed two AF presentations 1. Pts in sinus rhythm (SR, n = 1319) compared to AF  on ECG (n = 446) at entry or 2. Pts with no AF event by history or ECG ( n = 1007 ) to those with any AF event (n = 760 ).
 Results (Table): 5 year (yr) CV mortality was higher in pts with AF on ECG (30%) than SR (18%, p = 0.014) but 5 yr SCD was (10% in AF on ECG & 7% in any AF) & comparable to SR (7% & 9% respectively, p = ns). 5 yr PFD was higher in AF on ECG  (13%) than SR (5%, p = 0.007)

 : 1. CV death risk in HFpEF pts increased with AF on ECG.. 2. SCD was not more frequent with both AF presentations 3. PFD in HFpEF increased with age, ECG recorded AF & elevated heart rate. 4. The recording of AF on ECG was more strongly associated with CV death & PFD, possibly due to greater AF burden . Predictors of adverse outcomes in HFpEF AF on ECG* Any AF* Endpoint Covariate HR (95% CI) p-value HR (95% CI) p-value Time to cardiovascular death Atrial Fibrillation* 1.44 (1.08, 1.92) 0.014 1.15 (0.87, 1.51) 0.338 Age (years) 1.03 (1.02, 1.05) <.001 1.03 (1.02, 1.05) <.001 Black/AA (vs. White) 0.97 (0.65, 1.46) 0.002 0.96 (0.64, 1.44) 0.004 Other race (vs. White) 2.41 (1.46, 3.99) 2.32 (1.41, 3.83) Smoking 2.62 (1.63, 4.20) <.001 2.60 (1.62, 4.17) <.001 Diabetes 1.47 (1.12, 1.94) 0.006 1.45 (1.10, 1.91) 0.009 Systolic BP (mmHg) 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) 0.022 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) 0.014 Heart rate (bpm) 1.02 (1.00, 1.03) 0.012 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) 0.006 Time to Any sudden cardiac death Atrial Fibrillation* 1.17 (0.69, 1.96) 0.563 0.85 (0.53, 1.35) 0.484 Female (vs. Male) 0.46 (0.28, 0.75) 0.002 0.46 (0.28, 0.74) 0.002 Black/AA (vs. White) 1.57 (0.87, 2.82) 0.194 1.49 (0.83, 2.69) <.001 Other race (vs. White) 1.76 (0.70, 4.41) 1.70 (0.68, 4.25) Diabetes 1.70 (1.07, 2.70) 0.024 1.65 (1.04, 2.62) 0.033 Time to pump failure death Atrial Fibrillation* 2.04 (1.22, 3.42) 0.007 1.62 (0.96, 2.75) 0.074 Age (years) 1.06 (1.03, 1.10) <.001 1.06 (1.03, 1.10) <.001 Heart rate (bpm) 1.03 (1.00, 1.05) 0.034 1.03 (1.01, 1.05) 0.015 Cox model of covariates associated with outcomes adjusted for baseline imbalances


The concentration multiple was an important index of circulating cooling water,concentration of high and low not only embodies the water reuse level,were also important factors influencing the quality of circulating water.The device of circulating water concentration multiple long-term was below that of Lanzhou Petrochemical's,the influencing factors of the concentration multiple of circulating water were analyzed.Taking relevant measures,concentration multiple of circulating water was improved.


The observance of color within the photochromatic interval has been shown to be possible. By pre-stimulating the subjects in a dark-adapted state, using Kodak Wratten Color Filters No. 70 (red), No. 73 (yellow) or No. 74 (green), and test-stimulating 30 sec. later with yellow, green, or blue filters at levels of intensity between the specific and absolute thresholds for these filters, it was found that they observed a blue or violet color.


Article History Received: January 06, 2022 Accepted: February 21, 2022 Published: February 28, 2022 Financial crises occasioned by economic turbulence and stiff competition in the construction sector have forced Quantity Surveying firms (QSFs) and construction firms into finding innovative ways of surviving and staying above completion in most developing nations. The decline in the Nigerian oil and gas production and export has made it difficult for the government who is the largest client of the construction sector to limit its spending, especially in infrastructure and development projects. QSFs now scramble for effective and efficient strategies to survive the dwindling economic construction. This study assessed the survival strategies of quantity surveying firms (QSFs) during economic turbulence in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The well-structured Quantitative Questionnaire administered using snowball sampling techniques in the study area were adopted in gathering data from the target respondents. With a sample size of 86, the gathered data were analysed using frequency, percentage, and mean item score (MIS). It was found that the most critical Survival strategy adopted by QSFs during economic turbulence are; improved networking systems to increase reach, effective management of knowledge, retaining experienced staff in the company, reduction of service charges, and improved service delivery. This study concludes that the assessed survival strategies have a high level of importance and plays a critical role in ensuring that Quantity Surveying firms survive the economic downturn and the stiff competitive market of the construction sector. It is recommended that the managers of QSFs should focus on those major strategies that will keep them above the competition, in continuous business, sustainable growth, and survival during economic turbulence.


[Objective]To evaluate the iodine nutrition status of rural residents of Qinhuangdao City,after eliminating IDD in 2000.[Methods]The thyroid size of 100 schoolchildren aged 8 to 10 years and women of childbearing age was detected by palpation,improved acid digestion arsenic-cerium method was used for detection of urinary iodine.Salt iodine was measured by direct titration according to the standard of GB/T 13025.7-1999.The level of water iodine was measured by arsenic-cerium spectrophotometry.[Results]The median of urinary iodine of rural children and women of childbearing age was 211.26 μg/L and 187.15 μg/L,respectively.6.28% of the children' urinary iodine was lower than 50 μg/L.The median of water iodine was 3.74 mg /kg.The qualified rate of iodine salt was 96.30%.The prevalence rate of goiter in children aged 8 to 10 years was 2.5%.[Conclusion]The rural areas of Qinhuangdao City are Iodine-deficient areas.The iodine nourishment in school-age children and women of childbearing age has reached a suitable level through consumption of iodized salt.


Tools that aid in software development are called Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) systems or software engineering environments. These tools should lead to increased productivity and better quality software. The goal of the Software Engineering Environment Systems (SEES) project is to identify functions and capabilities that will increase the productivity of software developers but that are not available (or not implemented well) in existing software environments. We are developing and demonstrating methods for integrating such functions into existing environments as value-added extensions. In this paper we discuss hypertext a network of nodes of information and the links among them. Hypertext systems give users the flexibility to store information easily. This facility for storing large amounts of diverse data related in complex ways would seem to make hypertext a natural choice as a software development tool. We give a brief overview of a few hypertext-based software development systems. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of hypertext in software development are explored. Hypertext's strong points include connectivity of components, a natural user interface, and flexibility. But, there are some disadvantages including relative lack of machine processability, added complexity presented by links, node fragmentation, difficulty storing fine-grained information, and a potential of too much flexibility.


This study aims to find a website that strives to wash the hands seven of the early childhood school children in Aisyiyah 1 Kindergarten, Bengkulu City. The research design used a pre-experimental method with one group pretest-posttest. The results showed that before the intervention was given the first-star category, there were 27 people (90%). The children got the second-star sort as many as three people (10%), while the number of respondents after being given the intervention experienced an increase in ability and the third-star category was seven people ( 23.3%) and get IV stars as many as 23 people (76.7%), and the bivariate analysis using the Wilcoxon test obtained p-value = 0.000. In conclusion, there is a significant influence between the method of increasing the handwashing ability of seven early childhood in Aisyiyah 1 Kindergarten, Bengkulu City.

Keywords: Hand washing, Demonstration Method, Early Age


Acknowledgments I. Introduction Feminist Metafiction as Re-Vision Part I: Feminist Fiction The Beginnings II. Women Writing in the Twentieth Century The Novel and Social Change III. Mad Housewives and Closed Circles Mad Housewife Fiction of the Sixties and Seventies IV. OOld StoriesO Erica JongOs Fear of Flying and Gail GodwinOs The Odd Woman Part II: OSomething NewO V. Doris LessingOs The Golden Notebook Naming in a Different Way VI. Margaret DrabbleOs The Waterfall New System, New Morality VII. Margaret LaurenceOs The Diviners Changing the Past VIII. Margaret AtwoodOs Lady Oracle Going off Gothics IX. Whatever Happened to Feminist Fiction? Notes Bibliography Index


In recent years there has been an increased emphasis on the use of technology to address developmental concerns throughout the world. The education sector has attracted a large part of this attention, which is centred on the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to address teaching, learning and administrative needs. Thailand generally has an inappropriately high class size in schools and gross teacher shortage and some parts of Thailand also have huge limitations in education resources. Island schools, especially are located very far away from the mainland. The Urak Lawai are an indigenous people on the Adang Archipelago in the Indian sea, off South West Thailand. They are grouped together with the Moken and Moklen, Sea Gypsies or Sea Nomads. These people have distinctively different origins, cultures and languages. This paper explores multi perspective integrations of Information Communication Technology in the island schools of developing countries. Data was collected by interviewing the director of The Office of Satun Educational Service Area, the head teacher, teachers, parents and students in the Adang Island school group. The findings of the study are put in the context of the indigenous of ICT in island schools as an instrument to bring entire reform. Outcomes of study are in the form of recommendations to assist the process of implementing ICT in the island school environment of a developing country.


Research on the effectiveness of counseling is reviewed, and conclusions are drawn about the consequences for professional practice. The research literature clearly shows that counseling is effective in relation to no-treatment and placebo control conditions. The effects of counseling seem to be relatively lasting. These effects are attained in relatively brief time periods, with the percentage of clients who show substantial improvement increasing as the number of counseling sessions increases. There continues to be little evidence of specific efficacy for particular techniques or counseling theories, and a small portion of clients seem to deteriorate while undergoing, and perhaps because of, counseling interventions.


This paper investigates the critical period hypothesis (CPH) for the acquisition of a second language sound system (phonology) in a naturalistic setting. Ten cases of successful late-starters with a native-like Hebrew pronunciation are presented in an effort to determine possible variables that may account for their exceptional accomplishment. The issue of CPH in relation to second language acquisition continues to be disputed among second language researchers.


this article analysis the issues of social security law as an important social-economic right of person, as well as proposals and recommendations concerning the relevance of the development of science of social security law.


This research proposes a novel product display system for electronic commerce websites that employs a panoramic photo of the inside of a real store as the background. Using a tablet or smartphone as a controller, the user is able to freely move around the inside of the store while viewing the panoramic photo, similarly to Google Street View. Also, the user can select a product they are interested in and freely view the product from any angle by rotating the tablet or smartphone. Furthermore, that product can be displayed as if it were in the hands of the user by a photo-based augmented reality system (Photo AR), allowing comparison with other objects possessed by the user. In this report, the proposed system was actually implemented using HTML5/JavaScript and the results were evaluated.


Objective To observe the effect of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) in treatment of patients with osteoporosis vertebral compression fractures. Methods 20 patients (29 vertebraes) who were treated with PVP in our hospital from January 2011 to January 2013 were selected as observation group,20 cases (29 vertebra) who were treated with conservative treatment were selected as control group,then the pain score,vertebral clearance height and clinical excellent and good rate of two groups before and after the treatment were compared. Results The pain scores after the treatment were all significantly better than those of control group,the clinical excellent and good rate,vertebral clearance height were higher than that of control group,the differences were all statistically significant (P0.05). Conclusion The short-term effect of the patients with osteoporosis vertebral compression fractures treated by PVP is well and the trauma is smaller,and it also plays an active role in reliving the pain.


4-(Benzeneazo)salicylaldehyde was synthesized with aniline, sodium nitrite and salicylaldehyde. Two tetradentate ligands, N,N'-bis[4-(benzeneazo) salicylaldehyde]-o-phenylenediamine (H2L) and N,N'-bis[4-(benzeneazo) salicylaldehyde]ethylenediamine (H2L') were formed by the 2:1 molar condensation of 4-(benzeneazo) salicylaldehyde with o-phenylenediamine or ethylenediamine. Their Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Co(II), Mn(II) and Cd(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity measurements, and infrared and electronic spectral data. Two ligands and their Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes were further identified using 1H NMR spectra. The results suggest that the metal is bonded to the ligand through the phenolic oxygen and the imino nitrogen.


In this issue of CJASN , Bramham et al. identified pregnant kidney transplant recipients being managed by practitioners participating in the UK Obstetric Surveillance System, comparing their outcomes with those of a cohort consisting of two women without kidney transplants that had delivered at the


A nitride semiconductor light-emitting device comprises a substrate (11) having a pair of major surfaces opposite to each other, a first conductivity type nitride semiconductor layer formed on one major surface of the substrate (11), a second conductivity type nitride semiconductor layer formed on the first conductivity type nitride semiconductor layer, an active layer (14) formed between the first conductivity type nitride semiconductor layer and the second conductivity type nitride semiconductor layer, and a reflective layer (16) formed on the second conductivity type nitride semiconductor layer for reflecting light traveling from the active layer (14) to the second conductivity type nitride semiconductor layer. This nitride semiconductor light-emitting device can be mounted on a wiring board in such a manner that the other major surface of the substrate (11) serves as a major light taking-out surface. Further, a transparent conductive layer (17) is formed between the reflective layer (16) and the second conductivity type nitride semiconductor layer, and an indented surface (22) is formed at the interface between the transparent conductive layer (17) and the reflective layer (16).


The role of convection parameterization in the formation of double ITCZ and associated upper-ocean biases in the NCAR Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3) is investigated by comparing the simulations using the original and revised Zhang‐McFarlane (ZM) convection schemes. Ten-year model climatologies show that the simulation with the original ZM scheme produces a typical double ITCZ bias, whereas all biases related to the spurious double ITCZ and overly strong cold tongue in precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST), wind stress, ocean thermocline, upper-ocean currents, temperature, and salinity are dramatically reduced when the revised ZM scheme is used. These results demonstrate that convection parameterization plays a critical role in the formation of double ITCZ bias in the CCSM3. To understand the physical mechanisms through which the modifications of the convection scheme in the atmospheric model alleviate the double ITCZ bias in the CCSM3, the authors investigate the impacts of convection schemes on the atmospheric forcing and feedback in the uncoupled Community Atmospheric Model, version 3 (CAM3). It is shown that the CAM3 simulation with the original ZM scheme also produces a signature of double ITCZ bias in precipitation, whereas the simulation with the revised ZM scheme does not. Diagnostic analyses have identified three factors on the atmospheric side (i.e., the sensitivity of convection to SST, the convection‐ shortwave flux‐SST feedback, and the convection‐wind‐evaporation‐SST feedback) that may contribute to the differences in the coupled simulations.