IN 1952 MODERN LIBRARY BROUGHT OUT AN EDITION OF WHAT MAKES Sammy Run?, Budd Schulberg's 1941 bestseller about an unsavory Jewish immigrant son named Sammy Glick, who claws his way in record time from the Lower East Side to the top of the movie industry. In a freshly written introduction, Schulberg solved the novel's riddle for the reader. What made Sammy run? "In throwing over the ways of his father without learning any sense of obligation to the Judeo-Christian-democratic pattern, he had nothing except naked self-interest to guide himself."' The same year, a few days before Christmas, President-elect Eisenhower gave a speech before the Freedoms Foundation in New York in which he called attention to the foundations of democracy. " Our form of government," he explained, "has no sense unless it is founded in a deeply felt religious faith, and I don't care what it is. With us of course it is the Judeo-Christian concept but it must be a religion that all men are created equal.: 2 As of 1952 good Americans were supposed to be, in some sense, committed Judeo-Christians. It was a recent addition to the national creed. In the beginning, "Judeo-Christian" had served only to designate connections between Judaism and Christianity in antiquity. Its first appearance, according to the Supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary, occurred in the Literary Guide in 1899: a "Judaeo-Christian 'continuity' theory" postulated the development of Church ritual out of the practices of the Second Temple. Not until some decades later did the term begin to be used to refer to values or beliefs shared by Jews and Christians, to a common western


A reinforcement perspective concrete load-bearing formwork, comprising a top plate (1), surrounding side wall (2) and the lower bottom (3), the top plate (1), surrounding side wall (2) and the lower bottom (3) with each other connected to form a closed polyhedral cavity (4), with a cavity (4) within at least a lever (5) one or more features of the present invention is that the lever (5) is a curved rod, off poles, cables, and other cross-sectional straight bars, straight bars solid variable section, the opening of the hollow rod, or a combination thereof, or a linear variable cross-section of the hollow rod, the top plate (1) and the surrounding side wall (2) of basin member integral whole, and the whole basin member bottom (3) is closed, the side walls surrounding the basin member (2) and the lower bottom (3) of the bead base plate (17) is connected. Hollow concrete structure for a variety of floor, roof, foundation slabs, concrete walls, bridges, etc., especially for hollow concrete floor project.


Some studies find that market power is associated with credit availability (information hypothesis); others find that less competitive banking markets lead to more credit rationing (market power hypothesis). Empirical research has relied solely on concentration as a measure of market power. The industrial organization literature, however, argues that a structural competition indicator such as the Lerner index is a superior measure. We test the information hypothesis and the market power hypothesis using these two alternative measures of market power and find that they generally give conflicting results. However, we also offer evidence suggesting that both views can be reconciled. Copyright 2009, Oxford University Press.


After 156 years of British rule, Hong Kong reverted back to Chinese sovereignty on 1 July 1997. From a humble beginning of 20 villages with 3600 people and a fine harbour for sheltered anchorage for UK traders, the place has evolved into aggregates of ultramodern architectural buildings intermingled with multiple 'Government subsidised residential blocks' which accommodate half the current 6.5 million population, 96% Chinese, most being relatively new immigrants from Mainland China.1,2,3 From an 'underdeveloped state' Hong Kong has emerged as one of the top ranking financial centres in the world.1,2,3 Significant changes have also occurred in child health indices. For example, the infant mortality rate has declined sharply from around 100/1000 live births (LB) in the immediate post Second World War period to only 3.6 in 1997 (Fig. 1).1,2,3,4,5 The neonatal mortality has dropped from 36 to 2.2 per 1000 LB in the same period. Important changes and improvements have also been observed in the socioeconomic conditions, health-care delivery, education, lifestyle and standard of living which may all have contributed to the improvements in various healthcare parameters. Significant changes have also occurred in the pattern of childhood diseases. This review is derived from publications of the Local Health Authority which was vested with the Department of Medical and Health Services before 1990 and with the Department of Health thereafter.


Existing multi-hop routing protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) do not consider the packet payload size and some important MAC layer issues for the route selection. In this paper, we first solve the performance anomaly problem by providing the same transmission time for different nodes which have different channel qualities using an adaptive frame aggregation mechanism. Next, we propose a packet size-aware routing protocol where a communication route is determined by taking into account the payload size of data packets. We consider multiple metrics for the route selection specifically vehicle mobility, frame aggregation efficiency, and link quality. The proposed protocol is evaluated using real-world experiments as well as computer simulations.


The breeding cycle of an air-breathing Anabantid, Trichogaster pectoralis was studied in Malaysia. The species was found to breed all the year but with pronounced peaks of activity associated with the two wetter periods in the year. The advantages of this timing and the cues which stimulate gonadal activity are discussed. From the study of oocyte distribution in selected ovaries it was concluded that T. pectoralis is a total spawner although a batch of ripe oocytes may be released over an extended period of time. Fecundity was found to be related to length of fish by the formula (log10 Egg no.)=–4.6854+4.3080 log10 standard length (S.L.) (mm).


Following an 85% decline in global oyster populations, there has been a recent resurgence in interest in the restoration of the European native oyster Ostrea edulis. Motivations for restoration from environmental stakeholders most often include recovering lost habitats and associated biodiversity and supporting ecosystem function. In coastal communities, another important justification is recovery of traditional and low‐impact fisheries but this has received less attention. Many restoration projects across Europe focus on the translocation of adult stocks, under the assumption that the limit to population growth and recovery is adult growth and survival. This may not necessarily be the case, especially where knowledge of large extant adult populations exists as in the Blackwater, Crouch, Roach and Colne Marine Conservation Zone in Essex, UK. Identifying what limits population growth for restoration and recovery is an important conservation tool. Here, the first size‐dependent survival, growth and fecundity data for free‐living O. edulis from a novel field experiment are used to parameterize an Integral Projection Model that examines the sensitivity of a flat oyster population to variation in individual vital rates and to potential harvesting – an original objective of a coastal community‐led restoration project. Given the high adult fecundity in this species, population recovery is most sensitive to changes in recruitment success; however, elasticity (proportional sensitivity of the population) is more evenly spread across other parameters when recruitment is already high. Based on locally agreed management objectives, recovery to double the current stock biomass should take 16–66 years (mean = 30 years) without active intervention. At that point, harvest rates could be sustained below 5% of the harvestable adult size whilst ensuring λs remains above 1.


The aim: To study the possibility of achieving target levels of blood pressure (BP) and atherogenic lipids' levels in patients with arterial hypertension with abdominal obesity (AO) using combined antihypertensive and lipid‑lowering therapy against the background of recommendations for lifestyle correction at the outpatient stage.
Materials and methods. The study involved 54 patients with AH of 2 and 3 degrees with AO of I — II degrees, who were examined in the polyclinic of the GI «L. T. Malaya Therapy National Institute of the NAMS of Ukraine». The investigated group included 30 (56 %) men and 24 (44 %) women, aged 47 to 59 years (the mean age — (50.6 ± 5.2) years). All patients underwent general clinical laboratory and instrumental examinations. After the initial examination, all patients were prescribed a three‑component fixed combination (FC) of antihypertensive drugs: an angiotensin‑converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) perindopril, a thiazide‑like diuretic (TPD) indapamide and a long‑acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB) amlodipine in optimal daily doses, considering blood pressure levels. Atorvastatin was administered as a lipid‑lowering drug in a daily dose, defined depending on the initial blood levels of low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol). Achievement of the target levels of blood pressure and LDL‑cholesterol was assessed after 6 and 12 weeks of the study. Doses of antihypertensive drugs and atorvastatin were adjusted during the study.
Results. It has been established that 6 weeks of treatment of AH patients with AO in outpatient settings with the use of three‑component fixed combination of antihypertensive drugs (ACE inhibitors, TPD and CCBs of the dihydropyridine series) and statins' lipid‑lowering therapy against the background of recommendations for lifestyle correction, resulted in the achievement of the target "office" BP levels of in only 57 % of patients and target levels of LDL‑cholesterol in only 32 %. Insufficient efficacy of antihypertensive therapy in the examined patients was associated with a greater severity of obesity, increased heart rate (HR) and a higher incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), while the low efficacy of statin therapy was primarily associated with the low therapy compliance. The addition of nebivolol, cardioselective beta‑adrenoblocker (BAB) with a vasodilatory effect, to the fixed combination of ACE inhibitors, TPD and BCC significantly increased the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy. At the same time, intensification of statin therapy did not result in the significant increase of the frequency of achieving target levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood.
Conclusions. The standard three‑component fixed combination of antihypertensive drugs in combination with medium‑dose statin therapy and recommendations for the normalization of lifestyle was not enough effective in a significant part of AH patients with AO at the outpatient stage, which indicates the need for timely correction of drug therapy and implementation of healthy lifestyle.


Yellow layered VOPO 4 .2H 2 O was found to spontaneously, but slowly, convert to a green phase [H 0.6 (VO) 3 (PO 4 ) 3 (H 2 O) 3 ].4H 2 O upon standing in air. This phase could be prepared hydrothermally from V 2 O 5 + H 3 PO 4 with a small amount of reducing agent added. Single-crystal X-ray analysis gave a = 7.371(3) A, b = 26.373(11) A, c = 8.827(4) A, β = 106.777-(7)°, space group P2 1 /c, and Z = 4. The two vanadyl phosphates are related because the c axis of the green phase is √2.a where a is the a-unit cell dimension of the yellow tetragonal VOPO 4 .2H 2 O and the b axis is √2.3a. The green phase was found to intercalate approximately 2 mol of alkylamines/vanadium. A modified gel technique based upon mixtures of amine-intercalated vanadyl phosphate and nickel acetate were utilized to obtain microporous products with nickel polymers. Surface areas as high as 400 m 2 /g were obtained with pore diameters of 10 to as large as 23 A. The pore size depended upon the nature of the alcohol solvent, the size of the amine used to enlarge the interlayer space, and the temperature of calcination.


In present scenario, natural fiber reinforced composites have raised more attention for the growth of biodegradable material and are somewhat replacing presently used artificial fibers. Natural fibers able to replace the synthetic fibers that it has the eminent benefits of like low density, small manufacturing cost, its availability, ease of manufacture, low development energy, non-abrasive, worthy acoustic property, biodegradability, reasonable mechanical strength, renewability. Composite were made-up by hand lay-up method with the bidirectional natural fibers and epoxy resin in a mould and cured under gradual pressure. In this research paper mechanical behavior such as tensile, impact, indentation capacity and water absorption test of E-Glass and kenaf/flax mat reinforced hybrid composite materials (GKFHC )studied. The purpose of this work to investigate the mechanical characterization of the hybrid composite material. Sample was prepared and tested accordance to the ASTM standards.


Women, Religion, and Empowerment, by John L. Esposito 1. Settling at Beer-lahai-roi, by Amy-Jill Levine 2. Hearing Hannah's Voice: The Jewish Feminist Challenge and Ritual Innovation, by Leila Gal Berner 3. The Influence of Feminism on Christianity, by Alice L. Laffey 4. Christian Feminist Theology: History and Future, by Rosemary Radford Ruether 5. Hagar: A Historical Model for "Gender Jihad," by Hibba Abugideiri 6. Rethinking Women and Islam, by Amira El-Azhary Sonbol


Last night John Cornet received first warning, Pain the flashing sign of tissue damage, And called his doctor in the early morning. Each part, said my teacher once in college, Of the anatomy is a piece of your car. Pain's the red oil light. Last spring I merely turned My ankle and this auto-portrait only went so far. Not so much like the Audi's blinking, I learned, This warning was a scream, slip of the steak knife, Wrench of the steering wheel, airplane's lurch, Momentary reminder of this poised life. But this story, you see, is my father's, Wandering through empty rooms, looking for The morning papers. This angina, he seemed to tell us, Was no flapping fanbelt or fuel leak. At his heart's core Was pressure and dis-ease, a push from this Narrow airy beam into the realm of stones, Clammy, close, then the fated shove. And as for the language of this lesson, We must insist on, not piston engines Falling, but four tortured chambers echoing In the hollowed, fabled resting place of love.


In the Web system design,with the service logic is more and more complex,it is a key problem on how to enhance the Web system execution efficiency,reusability,expandability,maintainability,and to reduce the construction and the maintenance cost.In the last few years,the framework technology based on the reusability gradually becomes the new research field and the application new tendency.Among them,the Struts framework realizes the MVC,and provides one kind of the method that can construct the Web application procedure fast and high efficiency.Using the Struts technology,the Web system,which is reusability,expandability and structure clear,can be fast constructed.


Abstract : The behaviour of the thoracic spiracular valves was observed in antennectomized, tarsalectomized, and unoperated control groups of adult female Aedes triseriatus. Although antennectomy had no effects, tarsalectomy significantly reduced magnitude and duration of spiracular opening. Further observations suggested no gas exchange via the exposed tracheae of ablated tarsi. Carbon dioxide receptors on the tarsi were not involved with spiracular behavior, and it was postulated that tarsal ablation perphaps initiated an inhibitory reflex resulting in greater spiracular control. (Author)


Endo-1,4-�≤ -xylanase (Endo-�≤ -1,4-xylan, xylanohydrolase; EC. 22.214.171.124, commonly called xylanase) is an industrially important enzyme which degrades xylan randomly and produces xylooligosaccharides, xylobiose and xylose. It is mainly present in microbes and plants but not in animals. Xylanases from fungal and bacterial sources have been extensively studied and produced commercially. Its potential use in paper industries has been discussed which is directly related to reduct ion in environmental pollution. It has role in bio-bleaching paper pulp and increasing pulp brightness. Besides, it can be exploited for ethanol production and as an additive in animal feedstock to improve its nutritional value. Endo-1,4-�≤ -xylanase can also be exploited in baking and fruit j uice industries. Here, we reviewed its distribution, structural aspects and industria l/ biotechnological applications. Besides, we also discussed studies related to cloning of the gene encoding endo-1,4-�≤ -xylanase with the objectives of overproducing the enzyme and altering its properties to suit commercial applications.


Cotoneaster growing in 3-gal (11.7 liter) containers at a nursery in Lake Co., OH, was used to evaluate efficacy of selected pesticides against aphids. A COa compression sprayer at 30 psi with a single Teejet SS8004 flat-fan nozzle was used to apply treatments to run-off. Two tests were conducted at separate nurseries in Lake Co. In the first test infested plants were selected at random and placed in groups of 4, single-plant replicates per treatment. Only one application was applied 3 Jul under sunny skies, 27°C, and 16-24 km/h winds. In the second test infested plants were selected at random and placed in groups of 5, single-plant replicates per treatment. Two applications were made. The first application was 18 Jul under sunny skies, 29°C, and 10-15 km/h winds and the second application was to selected plants 30 Jul under sunny skies, 25°C, and 10-15 km/h winds. Plants received over-head irrigation every other day or as needed. Treatments in tests 1 and 2 were evaluated 7 and 10 DAT, respectively, by removing four, 10-13 cm long branch tips from each of the 4 or 5 replicates. Samples were placed in plastic bags and transported, in coolers, to the laboratory. All samples were processed by passing them through an aphid brusher 6 times to dislodge aphids to a rotating glass plate coated with Tween-20. Dislodged aphids were counted with the aid of a binocular dissecting microscope.


Section Editor: Marc Fisher MD

Eleven years ago, on June 1, 1991, Dr J.P. Mohr addressed delegates of the International Conference on Stroke, Geneva, about anticoagulants as a therapeutic strategy in stroke. He bemoaned the fact that heparin and warfarin had the "bad luck" to be manufactured initially in the post-World War II period, before drugs were evaluated by controlled clinical trials. As a consequence, clinicians judged their effectiveness on the basis of theory and compared their personal experience with historical controls and with those found in the literature. With the passage of time, the drug patents expired, the views and practices of clinicians became polarized, and any commercial and scientific motive to conduct controlled clinical trials of anticoagulation in secondary stroke prevention, once called for, disappeared. Dr Mohr sadly concluded that "there are no [reliable] data really" for anticoagulation after ischemic stroke. This was probably the platform from which he planned, with colleagues, the Warfarin-Aspirin Recurrent Stroke Study (WARSS).1

Noncardioembolic ischemic stroke underpins ≈60% of all first-ever and recurrent strokes. The major causes are (1) thrombotic occlusion of large and medium-sized arteries that is due to in situ atherothrombosis or atherothromboembolism and (2) thrombotic occlusion of small perforating intracerebral arteries affected by microatheroma/lipohyalinosis.

The formation of thrombus on the subendothelial tissue of arteries depends on the initial formation of a platelet plug (by means of platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation) and the generation of a meshwork of fibrin (by means of the coagulation cascade). Antiplatelet drugs are designed to prevent the formation of the "white" platelet plug, and anticoagulants are designed to prevent the formation of the "red" fibrin clot. Theoretically, antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy should be effective in preventing recurrent noncardioembolic stroke, provided that they can both be administered safely over a long period of time.

### Indirect Comparisons of Effectiveness Compared With Control

A …


The public spaces of small towns play an important role in the lives of residents. They have commercial, service, recreational and social functions. They should be adapted to the needs of residents. In recent years there have been transformations within the public spaces of many towns of Subcarpathian region. The study includes the results of questionnaire research of residents regarding their opinion on the changes made. The essence of social participation based on dialogue between citizens and local authorities as well as benefits resulting from its application were also indicated. Spatial observation, juxtaposed with public opinion, allowed for the identification of significant issues affecting the perception and use of urban spaces.


To describe a referenceless reconstruction approach to generate phase‐sensitive inversion recovery images without relying on the extra acquisition of reference images.


Schur functions are a basis of the symmetric function ring that represent Schubert cohomology classes for Grassmannians. Replacing the cohomology ring with $K$-theory yields a rich combinatorial theory of inhomogeneous deformations, where Schur functions are replaced by their $K$-analogues, the basis of symmetric Grothendieck functions. We introduce and initiate a theory of the Kromatic symmetric function $\overline{X}_G$, a $K$-theoretic analogue of the chromatic symmetric function $X_G$ of a graph $G$. The Kromatic symmetric function is a generating series for graph colorings in which vertices may receive any nonempty set of distinct colors such that neighboring color sets are disjoint. Our main result lifts a theorem of Gasharov (1996) to this setting, showing that when $G$ is a claw-free incomparability graph, $\overline{X}_G$ is a positive sum of symmetric Grothendieck functions. This result suggests a topological interpretation of Gasharov's theorem. We then show that the Kromatic symmetric functions of path graphs are not positive in any of several $K$-analogues of the $e$-basis of symmetric functions, demonstrating that the Stanley-Stembridge conjecture (1993) does not have such a lift to $K$-theory and so is unlikely to be amenable to a topological perspective. We also define a vertex-weighted extension of $\overline{X}_G$ and show that it admits a deletion--contraction relation. Finally, we give a $K$-analogue for $\overline{X}_G$ of the classic monomial-basis expansion of $X_G$.


Creatine kinase (ATP: creatine N-phosphotransferase, EC 22.214.171.124) from adult human brain grey matter was purified by cibacron blue F3GA-Sepharose affinity chromatography. By gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme under non-denaturing conditions a single protein band was observed. The dye-bound enzyme was eluted using its substrate, ATP. Reversibility of the binding of purified creatine kinase to blue Sepharose by ATP in a concentration-dependent manner indicated that the cibacron blue molecule which structurally mimics nucleotides occupied the substrate binding site of the enzyme. Also the marked dependence of enzyme binding to blue Sepharose on Mg2+ concentration suggested that Mg2+ ion is capable of combining with the dye moiety to form a site-specific binding complex that is similar to the physiological substrate of creatine kinase, namely Mg(2+)-ATP or Mg(2+)-ADP.


In all European countries, social assistance receipt is conditional upon the willingness to work. Yet despite the harsh consequences of losing social assistance, we know surprisingly little about how social assistance agencies and social workers implement this policy in day-to-day practice. In this paper, we focus on three important questions regarding the implementation of work willingness as a condition for continued social assistance benefit receipt. First, how does the actual implementation of the work willingness condition take place in light of specific client characteristics, circumstances and behaviour? Second, is the interpretation of such behaviour similar across case managers and municipalities, or does the combination of vague work willingness legislation and a decentralized organisation lead to variation in implementation? Third, can such variation be seen as the express objective of decentralization and personalized work willingness assessments? We build on an innovative and purpose-designed factorial survey of social workers in Belgium. We identified the determinants of 582 social workers' sanction decisions upon a job refusal, clustered in 89 municipalities, on almost 5000 experimentally varied client cases. These unique data allow to distinguish between the effects of individual client characteristics, characteristics of the social workers assessing the individual cases and the characteristics of the local welfare agency and municipality in which she operates. Moreover, we assess how characteristics within and between these levels interact. In line with the literature, we find substantial variation in sanctions related to work unwillingness at the client level, that can be explained by individual client characteristics. Variation between municipalities is relatively limited, and can be fully explained by municipality characteristics. Surprisingly, we find the largest variation at the social worker level. Whereas some of this variation is random, a substantial part can be explained by the characteristics of the social worker. This finding raises concerns about the unintended consequences of the large discretion awarded to social workers within contemporary social assistance schemes.


Objective To study the chemical constituents from the leaves of Swertia atroviolacea and five compounds were obtained. In addition, the cytotoxic activity of compound 1 was tested. Methods Compounds 1—5 were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, Zorbax PrepHT GF (250 mm × 21.2 mm) reversed phase and Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, and other modern separation technology. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic methods. Compound 1 was evaluated for its in vitro cytotoxicity against human tumor NB4, A549, SHSY5Y, PC3, and MCF-7 cell line, using the MTT method. Results Five compounds were obtained from the 95% ethanol extract from the leaves of S. atroviolacea, and identified as 3-(3-methyl-2-oxobut-3-enyl)-6-acetyl-1,5-dimethoxy-xanthone (1), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4,6,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone (2), 1,3dimethoxy-8-hydroxy-xanthone (3), 1,2,6,8-tetrahydroxy-xanthone (4), and ursolic acid (5). The IC50 values of compound 1 on NB4, A549, SHSY5Y, PC3, and MCF-7 were all below 10 μmol/L. Compound 1 had higher cytotoxic activity on A549 and MCF-7, and the IC50 values were 5.2 and 3.8 μmol/L. Conclusion Compound 1, named atroviolacone A, is a new compound, and exhibits significant cytotoxic activity.


realizes that much of what has passed as "dialogue" with Third World religious traditions has been heavily Western oriented and Western dominated. In his essay on "The African Roots of Black Theology," he points to the great need for black theologians to develop their neglected tradition of Biblical hermeneutics. This book is highly recommended for specialists in the field and for advanced undergraduates and graduate students who want to keep up with new developments and directions in liberation theology. It is better as a research resource for college libraries than as a primary text for theology courses at the undergraduate level.


Department of Chemical Engineering, University ofCalifornia, Berkeley, California 94720; Department ofChemical Engineering, University of Houston,Houston, Texas 77204; Department of Petroleum andChemical Engineering, New Mexico Tech, 801 Leroy PlaceSocorro, New Mexico 87801; and National Institute ofStandards and Technology, Building 235, E 151,Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899Received June 18, 2001


The invention provides an automotive suspension assembly which comprises an automotive frame and a composite leaf spring. The automotive frame is provided with a transverse beam and a longitudinal beam. The composite leaf spring is installed on a front leaf spring support and a rear leaf spring support on the longitudinal beam. The front leaf spring support and the rear leaf spring support are respectively provided with two supporting legs. The front end of the composite leaf spring is inserted between the two supporting legs of the front leaf spring support. The rear end of the composite leaf spring is inserted between the two supporting legs of the rear leaf spring support. A soft sliding block is arranged between the upper end face of the front end of the composite leaf spring and the front leaf spring support. A soft sliding block is arranged between the upper end face of the rear end of the composite leaf spring and the rear leaf spring support. A roller making contact with the lower end face of the rear end of the composite leaf spring is arranged between the two supporting legs of the rear leaf spring support. According to the automotive suspension assembly, no spring eyes need to be machined on the composite leaf spring, the technological difficulty is low, and smoothness is good.


Conclusion Mercurial diuretics have a potent anticonvulsive effect. Study of the details of this effect leads to the conclusion that these diuretics increase membrane impermeability, dehydrate tissue and thus work as "tissue diuretics," notwithstanding their well known renal action.


This invention provides a Tonlochkissen for a wind instrument that is mounted inside a cup to open / close a tone hole and that is able to generate an accurate sound or tone and does not require fine adjustment work, and also provides a A method for adjustment of the touch feeling of this. This pillow comprises a circular metal base (8) in which a is uplifting wall portion (5) thereof is formed at an outer peripheral portion of the surface, a ring-like concave portion (6) having an outer diameter just inside the rising wall portion, and a is is inner diameter smaller than the tone hole (2) has formed, the concave portion identifies a suitable width and depth, and a ring-like convex portion (7) at the peripheral portion of the back surface is formed; a plastic plate (10), in which a hole (4) formed in the center thereof and its rear surface firmly to the surface of the metal base (8) is attached such that it covers the surface, said plastic plate on the inside of the metal base (8) is used to form a space region (9) in the annular concave portion (6); is attached a circular, felt-like fiber body (11), in which its rear surface firmly to the surface of the plastic plate (10), wherein said fiber body is inserted inside of the metal plate (8); a mounting paper (12) whose surface is fixedly attached to the back surface of the metal base (8) such that the hole 84) on the ring-like convex portion (7) is fixed, and a cushion cover (13) connecting the above three is parts of their surfaces coated and adhered to the mounting paper (12).


Model-Based System Engineering (MBSE) applies the modeling method to system engineering and is gaining acceptance to software practitioners. SysML is an auxiliary language for MBSE, SysML activity diagram is treated as a useful design artifact to model the behavior of the system under development and identify all possible scenarios. However, it is a challenging task to identify all scenarios. In this paper, we propose an approach to generate test scenarios for systems modeled by the SysML activity diagram. The approach transforms an activity diagram into a testable composite structure, from which it then generates test scenarios. We further implemented a tool to automate the proposed approach and studied its feasibility using a case study. Experiments results show that the generated test scenarios can satisfy the given coverage criterion.


Abstract Trace metal levels in bottom sediments of Laguna Lake (Luzon, Philippines) and of five of its tributary rivers, and in lakeshore samples were compared. Total metal analyses by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry indicate relatively low (Cu, Zn, and Pb) to moderate (Fe, Mn, Hg, and Cd) metal contamination in the sediments.


BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis related deaths are rising in the world in an alarming trend. No wonder that this chronic infection is setting the major brakes in human resources and economy of a nation particularly the developing ones. Also the mortality in HIV due to TB is increasing and reported 36 million deaths worldwide in 2013. The main reasons for this high mortality are because of lack of proper diagnosis in the apt time. This is particularly important in patients with HIV and TB co infection and extra pulmonary TB in special because the detection rates are low. There is an urgent need to implement newer diagnostic modalities for detection of TB especially in highly HIV prevalent areas. The diagnostic gold standard for tuberculosis detection is culture. But it takes longer time and cannot be relied for the implementation of immediate active treatment when compared to microscopy, especially with the Fluorescent LED microscopy which is a quick method of identification. For the detection of TB using microscopy, the sensitivity is an issue and that's addressed partly by the implementation of CB NAAT in 2010 by WHO in HIV patients for the detection of TB. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To compare the yield of detection of Pulmonary and Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis inZeil Neilson smear negative patients with HIV infection by CBNAAT and fluorescent LED microscopy. 2. To compare the detection of pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis by LED fluorescent microscopy and CBNAAT in HIV negative patients. 3. To assess the difference in HIV positive patients and HIV negative patients of tuberculosis with CBNAAT and fluorescent LED microscopy. 4. To determine if there is any CD4 count co relation among PLWHA in terms of detection with these two techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted in K.A.P.V Govt. Medical College, Trichy, January2015-April 2016. The patients who were suspecting tuberculosis were selected from HIV positive patients and HIV negative patients. Patients with pulmonary symptoms of cough of more than 1 week with weight loss or loss of appetite, night sweats etc. were subjected to chest X-ray and those with chest x- ray findings suggestive of tuberculosis or consolidation were selected for the study. Also the patients with these symptoms and pleural effusion or lymph node positivity were also selected. All diabetes mellitus patients were excluded from the study. INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. PLWHA suspecting pulmonary TB with negative ZN smear test, positive chest X-ray findings. 2. PLWHA suspected with tuberculous lymphadenitis , tuberculous pleural effusion with negative ZN smear test. 3. HIV negative patients suspecting pulmonary TB, lymph node TB, or tuberculous pleural effusion with negative ZN smear test. EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
1. Patients suspecting pulmonary TB with normal chest X-ray,
2. Patients in whom ZN smear test was positive,
3. Patients with past history of TB, already taken ATT,
4. All diabetes mellitus patients.
CONCLUSION:
1. The majority of Pulmonary tuberculosis suspects in HIV positive based on chest X ray and clinical findings were in a lower age group when compared to HIV negative patients.
2. There is no statistically significant co relation between suspected PTB patients who are HIV positive and HIV negative based on sex distribution.
3. Mean BMI was 18.39 with a standard deviation of 2.35 among PTB suspecting HIV positive patients and it was 20.95 and 1.54 respectively in HIV negative patients. There was statistically significant co relation with the finding that the patients suspecting PTB among HIV negative individuals have a higher BMI than HIV positive.
4. The increased detection of PTB with LED fluorescent microscopy in HIV negative patients when compared to HIV positive patients were statistically insignificant.
5. The increased detection of PTB with CBNAAT in HIV negative patients when compared to HIV positive patients were statistically insignificant.
 6. There was no statistically significant co relation in the detection of Rifampicin resistance by CBNAAT in PTB, HIV positive and negative groups.
7. There was a better detection with CBNAAT when compared to fluorescent LED microscopy in ZN smear negative PTB in HIV positive patients.
8. There was no statistically significant co relation in HIV positive and HIV negative patients with the outcome of fluorescent LED microscopy and CBNAAT detection in suspected PTB.
9. There was no statistically significant co relation in HIV positive and HIV negative patients with the detection of Tuberculous lymphadenitis with LED fluorescent microscopy.
10. There was no statistically significant difference in HIV positive and HIV negative patients with the detection of tuberculous lymphadenitis with LED fluorescent microscopy.
11. There was no statistically significant difference between the detection of tuberculosis lymphadenitis using CB NAAT and fluorescent LED microscopy among HIV positive patients. This was against the tests quoted. Probably because of low sample size.
12. There is statistically significant better detection with CBNAAT compared to LED microscopy, in patients who are HIV negative with tuberculous lymphadenitis.
13. There is no statistically significant difference in detection of tuberculous pleural effusion with LED microscopy between HIV positive and negative patients.
14. There is no statistically significant better detection of TB pleural effusion in HIV negative individuals, when compared to HIV positive.
15. There is s statistically significant better detection with CB NAAT when compared to fluorescent LED microscopy in tuberculous pleural effusion in HIV positive patients.
16. There is s statistically significant better detection with CB NAAT when compared to fluorescent LED microscopy in tuberculous pleural effusion in HIV negative patients.
17. In Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis, the results of two tests CBNAAT and LED fluorescence microscopy were not having statistically significant difference in HIV positive and negative patients.
18. There was no statistically significant co relation with the CD4 count and methods of detecting tuberculosis in PLWHA.


An optical signal transmitter includes: first outer modulator (10) to generate first modulated optical signal, the first outer modulator (10) including a pair of optical paths and a first phase shifter (11) to give phase difference to the pair of optical paths; second outer modulator (20) to generate second modulated optical signal, the second outer modulator (20) including a pair of optical paths and a second phase shifter (21) to give phase difference to the pair of optical paths; combiner (31) to generate polarization multiplexed optical signal by combining the first and second modulated optical signals; phase controller (56) to control the phase difference by the first phase shifter toA-"AE and control the phase difference by the second phase shifter to A+"AE; and power controller (55) to control at least one of the first and second outer modulators based on AC component of the polarization multiplexed optical signal.


The black gram genotype VBG 18 is a cross derivative from LBG 402 X LBG 17. It matures in 65-70 days. This culture rcorded high seed yield in station trials, multilocation trials and adaptive research trials. The average seed yield is about 775 and 826 kg/ha respectively in irrigated and rainfed conditions. The highest yield potential is 1800 kg/ha. It showed resistance to yellow mosaic virus disease and moderate resistance to powdery mildew and pod borer damage. Hence, the culture VBG 18 is released as Vamban 3 black gram for commercial cultivation in Tamil Nadu during 2000.


In addition to being a high risk group in the transmission of the disease by nature of their work, health care workers will be expected to play a leadership role in disseminating targeted implementation preventive strategies and education programs aimed at reducing influenza A/H1N1 related morbidity and mortality. Evidence is available that the achievement of these goals varies with whether Health care workers are knowledgeable, have positive attitudes, and acquire adequate information.(Bali, et al., 2013)


The study was conducted in year 2018 to 2020 since the investigator is studying in N.D.U.A & T, Kumargunj, Ayodhya. So were done collect the required information from N.D.U.A. & T, Ayodhya, C.S.A.U.A. & T, Kanpur, S.V.P. U.A &T, Meerut and Banda University of Agriculture &Technology, Banda. College of Agriculture from each university was taken for the study purpose. Selection of the respondents purposively was done by simple random sampling method from every agriculture college for each agricultural university in Uttar Pradesh. An it's of all the students studying in P.G. classes in all four agricultural universities were prepared and out of that 30% of the students were selected as sample for study purpose. The total sample size 657 respondents, about the 30% total post graduate students sample size 197respondents were selected randomly all four universities college. The respondents were contacted personally for data collection. The results of the study depicted that the maximum number of the respondents were found in various socio-economic profile characters like, age composition of 22 to 25 years (48.22%), General caste (32.99%), Unmarried respondents (24.36%), Nuclear/ single family system (75.63%), Family size (small up 5 members ) (52.79%), Land holding as small (1-2 ha.) (57.36%), House hold materials (cots) (100.0%), Communication and media possession (mobile phone) (100.0%), Farm power (diesel engine) (77.15%), Agriculture implements (Khurpi) (100.0%), Social participation (no participation) (49.74%), Parent Occupation (agriculture main) (70.05%), Annual family income (medium 36001-150000) (49.74%), Housing pattern (pucca) (49.74%), respectively.


The 125 I-derivative of zolpidem was prepared by iodination of a L-tyrosine methyl ester conjugate of a zolpidem precursor. The iodinated compound has been used as a tracer molecule in the development of a radioimmunoassay for zolpidem. It was purified by normal phase HPLC, in combination with gamma counting detection. The structure was confirmed by high resolution L-SIMS


Objective To construct a eukaryotic recombinant plasmid for coexpression of apoptin and hIL-18 genes,determine its effect on human liver cancer BEL-7402 cells in vitro and provide a basis for exploring a new gene therapeutics for tumor.Methods Clone chicken anemia virus VP3 gene and human interleukin-18(hIL-18) gene into eukaryotic expression vector pVAX1 and transfect the recombinant plasmid pVVP3IL-18 to human liver cancer BEL-7402 cells in the mediation of liposome.Observe the morphological change,DNA breakage,DNA content at different stages of cell cycle and ultrastructure of the apoptotic cells by AO/EB staining,terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) assay,flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy respectively.Results Along with the increasing hours after transfection,the killing effect of expressed product of recombinant plasmid pVVP3IL-18 on BEL-7402 cells was enhanced gradually.The morphological apoptosis of cells was observed 48 h after transfection.The apoptotic rate reached(56.5±11.9)% and the majority of cells were TUNEL positive.Typical apoptotic sub-G1 peak was observed by flow cytometry.Typical ultrastructure change of apoptotic cells,such as pyknosis and chromatin condensation,were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Conclusion The combined application of apoptin and hIL-18 genes induced the apoptosis of human liver cancer BEL-7402 cells in vitro significantly.


Children with autism have inherent neurological processing differences that impact their occupational participation in their roles as students. Educational milestone transitions can be especially challenging for students with autism and their teachers, families, schools, and communities. Yet, occupational therapy practitioners may not be fully participating in the transition process. The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of increased occupational therapy support for children with autism during transitions and to present a novel perspective for occupational therapy practitioners to view the significant challenges these students encounter as they move through the educational system. The nonlinear dynamics perspective conceptualizes interrelated neurological and social systems as emergent and self-organizing processes. By applying the concepts of nonlinearity, occupational therapy practitioners can gain both depth and breadth of insight into the unique constraints encountered by students...


In this paper we define an operational semantics for a timed version of a Calculus of Communicating Systems (CCS) [1], We also consider timing constraints that a process needs to satisfy and develop preorder relations induced by the temporal constraints.


In Pool 19 of the Mississippi River, the fingernail clam, Sphaerium transversum, appears to feed non—selectively on phytoplankton, although green algae were in higher percentages in guts than in plankton samples. Diatoms were of paramount importance in clam guts and water samples during most sampling periods, especially from December to April when mean monthly water temperatures were less than 4 degrees C. Ingestion by clams was heaviest in spring, early summer, and fall. Clams appeared to stop ingesting when water temperatures fell to about 2—4 degrees C. In February and March, 80—90% of the clams had ceased ingesting. Ingestion did not cease simultaneously in all clams. Throughout the year some contained little or no phytoplankton. Much of the phytoplankton in the gut near the anus appeared completely undigested. Phytoplankton diversity (d) in clam guts and in water was high in July and August and low in February and March. A maximum of 33 phytoplankton genera occurred in clams in August; 38 genera were present in water samples in July and August. Concentrations of over 50,000 plankters/ml (primarily Stephanodiscus hantzschii) occurred in March 1968; minimum concentrations occurred in July.


Electron microscopic studies of human prostatic cancers revealed that cytologically well-differentiated and poorly differentiated tumor cells are present in both histologically well-differentiated and anaplastic prostatic cancers. Secretory and enzyme (acid phosphatase) activity in the cancer cell is dependent on cytologic differentiation; the latter bears no constant relation to histologic differentiation of the tumor. The amount of well-differentiated tumor cells in a given cancer determines the degree and intensity of acid phosphatase activity in the tumor. The presence of poorly differentiated tumor cells and their generally diminished secretory activity account for the diminished acid phosphatase activity (histochemically and biochemically) often observed in prostatic cancers.

Basement membranes are present, although often incompletely, around the cancer acinus and even around individual cancer cells.

Outstanding features of prostatic cancer cells, when compared to normal and hyperplastic prostatic epithelial cells, are the nuclear hypertrophy, hyperchromatinism, nucleolar hypertrophy, increase in number and pleomorphism of mitochondria, greater amount of free ribosomes, variability of position of Golgi apparatus, and increased amount of lipid droplets of variable morphology. The significance of these features, and the differentiation of cancer cells in relation to production and secretion, particularly that of acid phospatases and its level in the serum, are discussed.


Voltage-gated K+ channels (KV) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) play critical roles in controlling pulmonary arterial tone under physiological and pathological conditions. We hypothesized that TXA2 might inhibit KV channels, thereby establishing a link between these two major pathogenic pathways in pulmonary hypertension. The TXA2 analogue U46619 inhibited IK(V) (Emax=56.1±3.9%, EC50=0.054±0.019 μmol/L) and depolarized pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells via activation of TP receptors. In isolated pulmonary arteries, U46619 simultaneously increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration and contractile force, and these effects were inhibited by nifedipine or KCl (60 mmol/L). U46619-induced contractions were not altered by the inhibitors of tyrosine kinase genistein or Rho kinase Y-27632 but were prevented by the nonselective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors staurosporine and calphostin C. Furthermore, these responses were sensitive to Go-6983 but insensitive to bisindolylmaleimide I and Go-6976. Based on the speci...


The Boeing Research and Development (BR&T) division of The Boeing Company teamed with the South Korean Agency for Defense Development (ADD) to investigate the body freedom flutter characteristic of a high aspect swept wing in a low speed wind tunnel test. This paper documents the design, analysis and testing of the wind tunnel model. The model was designed to only pitch and not plunge. The pitch rotation point was varied in the chord wise direction that to set up different total wing pitch inertias and aerodynamic pitching force.


In order to promote the educational informationization, most universities, which own different cycles with various understanding, are experiencing the transition from campus network construction to digital campus construction. Similar difficulties and solutions are encountered in the course. This text is dealing with the process of educational informationization in Chongqing Normal University, offering a good example for your reference. Keywords: Informationization, Evolution, Campus Network, Digital Campus


The article presents the results of an experimental study of the development of the psychological readiness of servicemen of tank units for combat tasks performance. The formative part of the experimental study was carried out by implementing the program aimed at developing the components of psychological readiness (cognitive, motivational, emotional-volitional, functional and individual psychological qualities). The experiment was conducted in the period from 2021 to 2022. After applying the method of mathematical statistics (non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-tests), the statistically significant changes in indicators were revealed, that occurred in those servicemen of tank units with whom the formative program was conducted. The peculiarities of statistical changes in each of the components were revealed and their interpretation was carried out. It was found that the main workload of the tank crewman's professional activity falls on areas directly related to the implementation of special techniques, skills and methods of action, working out the specific conditions of military personnel, which demonstrated positive statistically significant indicators during the course of the program. A comparative analysis of the diagnostic results of the control and experimental groups after conducting the formative experiment testifies the effectiveness of the author's program, which expands the system of professional knowledge, strengthens motivation, develops important professional skills and the personal construct of the tank crewman. Thus, the proposed measures are aimed at developing the criteria of each of the components of psychological readiness and collectively form personal psychological readiness, which, in turn, is the basis for the group psychological readiness of the tank unit. The result of the implementation of the program is the formation of new ideas about psychological readiness as an integral manifestation of a professional, which in turn encourages self-development.


PURPOSE: A method for controlling e-book content by using a bezel area and a device thereof are provided to enable the effective use of space for content manipulation even in a small touch screen environment by forming an input area for content control around an e-book from the touch-dragging of the bezel area. CONSTITUTION: A memory unit(710) stores objects sequentially displayed on a touch screen. A first dragging gesture detecting unit(720) detects a touch in a bezel area around the touch screen and a first dragging gesture continued from the touch. A bezel area determining unit(730) determines the bezel area according to the direction of the first dragging gesture. An input area generating unit(740) displays an input area controlling a sequence of the displayed objects on the outside of the touch screen adjacent to the bezel area. A control area(750) displays the objects having the sequence changed according to a touch in the input area on the touch screen.


We present the use of the MATLAB Neural Network Toolbox (NN Toolbox) in simulations of neural networks. We suggest ways for undergraduate students to solve a character recognition problem with feed‐forward neural networks. The software provides the user with a very simple way to define several neural network architectures with different parameters. The solution of the character recognition problem is described from the beginning: collecting the data, data encoding, defining the input‐output mapping architecture to the training, and testing the neural networks with the NN Toolbox. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 13: 66–71, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20031


In this paper we propose an efficient tech- nique to extract the statistical properties of the per-unit- length capacitance and inductance matrices pertaining to random cables. The approach is based on the calculation of the polynomial chaos coefficients of such matrices. Following recent literature results, decoupling of pertinent equations is implemented, thus improving state-of-the-art methodologies. The benefits over existing techniques are manifold, in terms of speed, memory consumption and problem size that can be considered. As a result, larger problems in terms of number of random variables and/or conductors can now be handled. The advocated procedure is validated via the extraction of the statistical properties of cables having random geometrical properties and is compared against the state-of-the-art approach.


Introduction: Pemphigus is a rare and life-threatening autoimmune disease characterized by blisters and erosion of the skin and mucous membranes throughout the entire body. It mostly affects the mouth, eye, nose, throat as well as genitals. Pemphigus vulgaris is most common type of pemphigus. The epithelial lesions are caused by autoantibodies reacting with desmosomal glycoproteins found on the keratinocyte's cell surface. The binding of immunoglobulin G autoantibodies to desmoglein 3, a transmembrane glycoprotein adhesion molecule found on desmosomes, is the underlying process that causes intraepithelial lesions.
Case Presentation: A 40-year-old male patient came to the hospital with a complaint of a mouth ulcer and a genital lesion that had been since 15 years. He is having a history of oral ulcer in oral mucosa and involvement of genital area in glans penis with a history of pain, bleeding, difficulty in swallowing.
Intervention: The patient was admitted to the hospital on 29/07/2021 and taken Inj. Rituximab 1gm in 500Ml Normal Saline in infusion pumps in over 6 Hours.
Conclusion: In this case report, we mainly focus on expert dermatological management and excellent nursing care in managing the rare complicated case nicely. Early diagnosis and treatment of pemphigus Vulgaris help determine the course of the disease of the patient and is done by a dermatologist.


Years ago we built a large cover to demonstrate the great possibilities that the Vierendeel solution has to solve double curved roof surfaces. It was the Dos Hermanas Velodrome, a good example of this solution. Now we have planned to solve a large cantilever roof spanning 140 m. with a similar solution. For the velodrome we proposed a double curvature shell form in positive Gauss curvature. At present we propose a negative one. In this paper we will consider the design, analysis and construction of such an idea from the first sketches to the final results. The advantages of the proposal are important: Lightness, clarity, economy and good appearance.


In this paper the situation of pollution with nitrogen compounds both in the EU member states and in the Republic of Moldova was analyzed. Also, the existing methods of determination of nitrate ions are analyzed and the necessity of elaborating the method for determination of the nitrate ions in the presence of nitrite ions.


A field trail was conducted at the researches Farm of Agricultural College of Duhok University, Kurdistan Region/ Iraq, which located in semi-arid zone during the season 2016-2017 in two planting dates (28 November and 28 December 2016 ) to study the influence of four integrate Topic and granstar (0, 1200, 1600, 2000 ml. ha -1 and 0, 20, 40, 60 gm ha -1 ) and four phosphor fertilizer levels at (0, 183, 229, 275 kg ha -1 ) respectively, on weeds and bread wheat yield and its components. The experiment unit arranged in factorial experiment, using Randomize Complete Block Design (RCRD) with three replications. The results showed that herbicide and phosphorous levels exhibited significant effect on weeds and yield and its components. The treatment (Topic 2000 ml+60 g ha -1 granstar) produced maximum reduction in total weeds growth and recorded maximum values for 51.1 g) respectively. High dose of herbicide (Topic:2000 ml. ha -1 and Granstar,60 g ha -1 ) and high of of grains spike -1 , 1000-grain weight and grain yield which were (45.4, 42.5 g, and high phosphorus levels (275 kg ha -1 ) are recommended for weed control and high yield and a good quality wheat grains. KEYWORD: Herbicide, weeds, Phosphorus, wheat, yield


Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most widely prescribed class of antidepressants for the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. Recent epidemiologic results have suggested an association between long term use of SSRIs and an increased risk for type 2 diabetes. However, depression itself has been associated with diabetes, and it therefore is unclear whether the association is solely due to SSRI use, depression, or an interaction of both circumstances. The goal of this study is to determine the effects of chronic paroxetine (a common SSRI) treatment on adiposity and glucose tolerance in wild‐type (WT) mice and mice with targeted disruption of serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT−/−). Three ‐to‐four week old male C57BL/6 mice (n=5–6 per group) were treated with paroxetine (10 mg/kg/day) or control vehicle for 12 weeks. This dose is known to achieve serum concentrations in mice comparable to the therapeutic levels in humans. Compared to vehicle control, paroxetine‐treated WT mice exhibited significantly increased weight gain (+20.4±0.7 vs +17.1±0.4 g, P<0.05 vs. WT‐control), adipose tissue expansion, and pro‐lipogenic gene expression. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests further revealed that paroxetine‐treated WT mice exhibited glucose intolerance [glucoseAUC0–120 min(2 g/kg IP following fasting):30.6±0.7 vs. 26.6±0.7g*min/dl, P<0.05 vs. WT‐control] and insulin resistance [glucose AUC0–120 min(following fasting and insulin0.75 units/kg IP): 24.9±1.2 vs. 20.1±1.2g*min/dl, P<0.05 vs. WT‐control]. In parallel, three to‐four week old male SERT−/− mice (n=5–6 per group) were also treated with paroxetine or control vehicle for 12 weeks. Compared to non‐treated SERT−/− mice, paroxetine‐treated SERT−/− mice showed minimal difference in weight gain and a significant attenuation of fat mass expansion. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that chronic paroxetine treatment at a clinically relevant dose leads to adiposity and glucose intolerance in mice, and this effect is largely SERT‐dependent.


DCT-based transformed domain watermarking algorithm has some flaws In the aspects of embedding position, embedding strength and embedding method , which have an important influence on watermarking embedding and watermarking extracting . In this paper we discussed these key techniques on DCT-based transformed domain watermarking algorithm and spatial domain digital watermarking algorithm, and their advantages and disadvantages respectively. We discovered the reason that error is generated during DCT and IDCT, and its influence on watermarking embedding and extracting , as well as the basic change rule of the pixel value matrix of the host image during watermarking embedding. On the basis of our analysis, a DCT-based spatial domain digital watermarking algorithm wa s proposed, which fully leverage d the discovered change rule during watermarking embedding using DCT-based transformed domain algorithm. Experimental results show ed that the algorithm had the advantages of spatial domain algorithm and transformed domain algorithm and overcame some of their disadvantages. And itt was superior to DCT-base transformed domain watermarking algorithm. In addition, our work has the certain reference significance to other fields using DCT and IDCT. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i1.3323


In recent years, radio broadcasts on social media have extended to visual radio broadcasts (e.g. Facebook Live) that support a continuous display of viewer comments in real time. Based on 65 semi-structured in-depth interviews, this study presents for the first time the perspectives of the main actors in the visual radio scene: viewers, broadcasters, and radio executives. Findings show that broadcasters generally believe that the recent visual changes to radio, forced by the changing media environment, have an adverse impact on the radiophonic medium. In contrast, radio executives, who set policies, believe that radio must maintain a presence in the visual, viral interactive online space. For viewers, visual radio meets diverse needs, generates enjoyment, and offers the added value of interactivity and enhanced sense of activity resulting from new access to 'behind the scenes' of radio broadcasts. This study demonstrates how the theory of technological determinism is reflected in practice, in the radiophonic medium's adjustments to the features of the new era – visibility, lost anonymity through increased exposure, potential for viral dissemination, and real-time responsivity – despite the fact that these features are contrary to radio's unique fundamental features. Despite this innovative turn, all actors – executives, broadcasters, and viewers – believe that radio broadcast consumption remains dominated by the traditional in-car audio format.


A four-axis vacuum goniometer for application in ion beam channeling is described. It has three axis of rotation and one translation stage for movement in horizontal direction. The error reproducibility has been found to be less than one step. The microprocessor controlled goniometer is driven by vacuum stepper motors that are located within the vacuum chamber. The control of four stepper motors may be executed either from the front panel of control unit or from the host computer across the serial port. The sample can be heated up to 900/spl deg/C.


Abstract The article deals with the impact of selected external factors on the temperature of photovoltaic module surfaces. Primary aim of this research is creation of temperature model for photovoltaic module, which would be usable under the real climatic conditions in Central Europe region. Fully autonomous measuring system was designed and created for temperature monitoring of different parts of photovoltaic modules. The measuring system consists of 24 temperature sensors, voltage inverter, control unit, transfer modules, receiver modules and temperature measuring module. The experiments were performed on photovoltaic modules installed on the roof of the University of Life Sciences in Prague during summer 2018. The temperature of photovoltaic modules significantly depends on the climatic conditions, which were monitored by the weather station. The temperature and the solar radiation dependencies for polycrystalline and monocrystalline photovoltaic modules were obtained in experiments conducted. The temperature relations were measured for different parts of photovoltaic module – active parts of photovoltaic module, frame, non-active parts of photovoltaic module, as well as ambient temperature. Final mathematical description of polynomial graphical dependencies was obtained after application of fitting procedure and regression analysis.


Percentage Differential Protection (PDP) is well- known as the main Unit Protection Relay of Power Transformer all over the world. The researchers suggested using a novel Current Transformer (CT) with a new approach for fault detections, to improve the characteristic of this relay. MATLAB Simulink tools software used to model the Rogowski Coil (RC), with the new PDP Relay characteristic. Reducing the min-operating level point and expanding the operation region by revoking the second slope in the characteristic of the relay by implementing Extended Park's Vector Approach (EPVA) for faults detection. The paper also sheds light on removing the saturation error curve from the total error in the characteristic of PDP relay using the linear CT characteristics of Rogowski Coil. Consequently, a better sensitivity achieved specially for small differential currents in the secondary system. By this method, good indications of quitting few currents on primary terminal of power transformer were achieved. This performance of algorithm is due to the EPVA's analyzation which depends on spectrum analysis.


Introduction In most countries, managers of corporations are legally responsible to the shareholders. In their seminal contribution on the separation of ownership and control, Berle and Means (1932) argue that in practice managers do not pursue the interests of shareholders. Instead they pursue their own interests, which results in waste and inefficiency. The contrast between the legal rights of shareholders and the de facto control of managers highlighted by Berle and Means led to the development of the agency approach to corporate governance (see, among others, Coase 1937; Jensen and Meckling 1976; Fama and Jensen 1983a,b; and Hart 1995). An excellent survey is contained in Shleifer and Vishny (1997). The agency theory of corporate governance focuses on the question: "How can shareholders ensure that managers pursue the shareholders' interests." We argue that this focus is much too narrow. A comparison of governance mechanisms in different countries and in different sectors of the economy suggests that an alternative approach is called for. In Section 2, we review the actual operation of corporate governance in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Japan. In the United States and United Kingdom, the mechanisms for ensuring that managers operate in the interests of shareholders are the strongest. The main internal governance system is the board of directors; the main external governance system is the market for corporate control. The effectiveness of both mechanisms has been widely questioned.


The present invention relates to an electrical connection to an acoustic device such as a piezoelectric element. Transducer (105), an acoustic element (110), a passive layer attached to the acoustic element (130) has a buried passive layer conductive pillars (135), the conductive pillar, It provides a direct low resistance electrical connection to the acoustic elements. Conductive pillar may have an exposed side surface (140) to provide an electrical connection from the side of the transducer may have an exposed bottom surface for providing an electrical connection from the bottom surface of the transducer. The transducer may have an extension board that is disposed adjacent to the acoustic element, the extension board, when making the connection to the transducer at high temperatures, to protect the acoustic element from thermal stress. It is preferable circuit for processing the signal from the signal or acoustic element to the acoustic device is produced in the extension board.


Transfer of technology could be briefly defined as a technical skill taken from a nation or place where it is already established to another nation or place where it is unknown. How the different conditions determine innovation and research development? What are the weak points of technology transfer system? What could be done to improve that system? There are some questions, which authors would like to answer in this paper. Selected data on economic growth and relationships between inputs and outputs for R&D are also presented in this paper.


It is shown that, unlike in simple molecular fluids, the stress field in granular fluids may be strongly scale, or resolution, dependent. This is a result of the intrinsic lack of scale separation in these fluids. Another consequence of the lack of scale separation in granular fluids is that microscopic stress fluctuations, whose origin (like in molecular fluids) is the underlying discreteness of the system, may appear as observables in macroscopic measurements; the correlation (or decay) time of the stress fluctuations is of the order of the mean-free time, which is also a macroscopic time. All of these properties are intrinsic to granular fluids and not (for example) results of the practical lack of scale separation that is dictated by the fact that grains are of macroscopic dimensions or the limited statistics in simulations. Numerical evidence, based on molecular-dynamic simulations of shear flows of smooth disks in a two-dimensional enclosure, serves to demonstrate the above phenomena.


To study the vegetation distribution pattern in relation to slope orientation in Nuozhadu Nature Reserve,a digital elevation model was developed from a digital map by using ArcView and ERDAS;layers of vegetation by slope orientations of east,south,west,north,northeast,southeast,northwest and southwest and layers for the 8 slope orientation by 13 altitude classes were obtained from the digital elevation model by using ArcMap,and a 3D digital vegetation distribution map for vegetation of 8 slope orientations was made based on data from a vegetation map,then areas of the 9 natural vegetation types were calculated by 8 slope orientations,and areas of the 8 slope orientations were further calculated by 13 altitude classes with the aid of EXCEL;and the correlation between vegetation distribution and slope orientation was analyzed by using SPSS.The results were as follows: ① Of the 9 natural vegetation types,8 were found in all 8 slope orientation classes with the valley savanna as the only exception found in east,southeast,south,southwest and west orientations.② The dominant vegetation for all 8 slope orientation classes was the same: monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest.③ Slope orientation showed very significant impact on vegetation distribution for seasonal rain forest and valley savanna,moderate impact for deciduous seasonal rain forest and warm temperate conifers,minor impact for mountain rain forest,tropical bamboo forest and warm hot savanna,and no impact for monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest and warm hot conifers.④ Adaptable slope orientations for the 9 natural vegetation types had been confirmed.


Human trafficking is regarded as modern slavery. It 'involves deceiving or coercing someone to move either within a country or abroad through legal or illegal channels for the purpose of exploiting him or her'. The phenomenon in recent time has generated a lot of attention among local and international community. The menace has become a lucrative criminal business and Nigeria has acquired a reputation for being one of the leading African countries in human trafficking with cross-border and internal trafficking as a country of origin, transit and of victims. The paper attempts to articulate the effects of the illicit business on Nigeria national image. The major reasons for the persistence of the ugly phenomenon of human trafficking in Nigeria include pervasive poverty, unemployment, greed etc for the purpose of forced labour, domestic servitude, sexual exploitation, and rituals. The paper also review the legislations put in place the Nigeria government to curb menace. The paper recommends that fighting human trafficking in Nigeria is all encompassing because it requires a need for synergy of efforts to create public awareness of the crime, address the poverty situation in the country, create employment for the youths, reinforce relevant national laws, organize counseling, rehabilitation and reintegration programme for the victims


This paper analyzes dynamic channel assignment in cellular systems where the base stations are placed at random. Using a simple dynamic channel assignment algorithm, random systems are compared to an ideal hexagonal system. Under log-normal shadow fading the random system has capacity within 1 dB of the hexagonal system. This paper looks at both the uplink and downlink and finds that performance is similar to previous downlink analysis. Thus, at a modest cost in performance, deployment effort is greatly reduced.


ABSTRACT According to a prominent hypothesis, the occurrence of educational mismatches is consistent with human capital theory since over- and undereducation are substitutes for heterogeneity in the abilities and skills among educational peers. Using German data 1 of literacy and numeracy test scores, I find evidence that compared to their correctly matched educational peers, overeducated (undereducated) workers have lower (better) numeracy and literacy. Controlling for former periods of educational mismatch or unemployment confirms these results. However, only a small proportion of the wage penalty (wage premium) associated with overeducation (undereducation) can be attributed to the wider consideration of human capital endowment.


Three 10% thick and two 6% thick blower blades were investigated in a high Mach number two-dimensional cascade tunnel in several configurations for a range of Mach number.


The term Demand Side Management (DSM) was introduced in 1973 energy crisis. We know that electrical energy is in the form of energy which cannot be stored on a large scale. So the electricity should be produced, distributed and supplied to the user immediately. There is a large difference between peak demand and average which results in high generation cost per unit and load shedding. It is impossible for developing countries to meet the demand by installing new power plants. The only smart way in handling these crises is Demand Side Management (DSM) techniques. DSM focuses on optimal utilization of available electricity during peak and off-peak hours, this helps to maintain consumer's load curve according to objective load curve. In this technique, we will analyze load curve of customer demand and then shift that load curve from peak load hours to off-peak hours using available resources. The whole project is based on three phases. In the first phase, we will choose an area of collecting data. After this, we will draw load curve of that data on MATLAB and reshape it into objective load curve in which load is shifted from peak hours to off-peak hours. The second phase is to design a controller at both utility and consumer end where two-way communications will be established between consumers and utility, after this we will design a prototype of this project. In short the outcome of this project will help to reduce the energy crises in under-developed countries in such a short time. If this project will be installed efficiently on a large scale, energy problems can be reduced in shorter time period.


Phase equilibria and saturated densities were measured at 308.15 K and 313.15 K with a static-circulation apparatus for ethane + 2-propanol at high pressures. An experimental apparatus equipped with three Anton Paar DMA 512S vibrating tube density meters had been previously developed for measuring vapor−liquid−liquid phase separation properties at high pressures. Coexisting phase compositions and saturated densities of each phase could be measured with the apparatus with a maximum temperature and pressure of 400 K and 20 MPa, respectively. For the present system, Kuenen et al. (Philos. Mag. 1899, 48, 180−203) had previously reported only the upper critical end point and the approximate lower critical end point. In the present study, the vapor−liquid equilibrium composition and saturated density of each phase were determined by gas chromatography and density measurements, respectively. Vapor−liquid−liquid equilibria was not observed in the present experiments. The experimental data obtained were correlated...


Some kinetic aspects of the adsorption of cationic polyelectrolytes on pulp fibers and the charge variation on pulp fiber surfaces during the kinetic adsorption were reviewed.


In shaped-beam lithography tools, a 50 keV electron beam is incident upon structures consisting of thin layers of resist and metal on the top of a massive silicon or quartz substrate. The desired result, resist exposure, is achieved by primary and secondary electrons losing energy in inelastic collisions with resist molecules. The exposure resolution depends on the electron energy loss distribution in the resist. We have modeled electron scattering in the mask with MONSEL software and developed an algorithm for extracting the energy loss distribution. Results obtained are in agreement with known resist exposure data.


Slow Fashion" is ethical and sustainable fashion; This trend was born in Spain in response to the damage caused to the environment and society in the excessive, irresponsible and delocalized costume production, this trend is growing fast as a new concept of luxury conscious; directed to an informed public. In Latin America countries such as Brazil, Argentina and Chile, have welcomed this trend, but in Colombia is not very famous yet; this degree work proposes the creation of the brand "Verde Atalanta", which is part of the Slow Fashion, designs, produces and sells female clothing with organic raw materials, developed in production and marketing scenarios righteous. PALABRAS CLAVE: Creacion, marca, moda lenta, vestuario, trabajo de grado, plan de empresa


The paper discusses the results of research into the characteristics of self-other system of adolescents with an emphasis on the risk of deviant behaviour. As a result, some ways for elaborating preventative programmes are recommended.


The long-term neurodevelopmental outcome in 41 children with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was studied by investigators at Baylor College of Medicine and the Houston CMV Study Group.


Abstract: Specifically designed series of molecules (landers), comprising a central rigid polyaromatic core and several spacers that decouple the board from the metallic surface, have been synthesized. UHV‐STM studies, on one hand, have shown important distortions of the molecule by interaction with the substrate. On the other hand, surface restructuring results from the presence of the molecules.


This paper describes a method which senses changing environment by collecting failed instances, uses concept learning for acquiring a precondition for a control policy, and modifies the policy partially in reinforcement learning. The precondition of a policy represents the condition for reaching goals using the policy. Our method learns the precondition of a policy from the instances of policy success or failure by concept learning like learning the preconditions of an action model from the instances of action success or failure by concept learning. Concept learning which generalizes experienced states provides an ability to modify its behavior in inexperienced states. We experimented our method using a reinforcement learning method profit sharing and a decision tree learning system C4.5. Our method adapted to a changing environment faster than re-learning and continuing reinforcement learning. Besides, we confirmed that concept learning provided a method to adapt effectively. Since our method does not restrict reinforcement learning, it is applicable to domains where reinforcement learning is applicable. It is easy to extend our system to use repeatedly for subsequent changes of environment.


The invention relates to a method and device for providing an SDN stream route for a virtual WLAN. The method comprises the steps that when a user uses a WLAN station for being in correlation with the virtual WLAN of a VNO, the binding information of an identifier of the WLAN station of the user and an identifier of the virtual WLAN; the service book information of the user is correlated to a stream route to be marked, wherein the service book information of the user comprises at least one of the identifier of the WLAN station, the identifier of the virtual WLAN and an identifier of a VNO application server; SDN stream items of all forwarding units on the SDN stream route are all generated, each item comprises the identifier of the WLAN station, the identifier of the VNO application server, a stream route identifier and operation to SDN stream groups in the stream between the WLAN station and the VNO application server; all forwarding units on the stream route are indicated respectively to configure the SDN stream items generated through above steps.


History of the development and crises of the French republics is not only the classic theme for the historical comparative research; it provides a vast analytical base for political theory and sociology. In that aspect it is especially important for contemporary Russia, which is still in the painful process of democratic transition. The history of the evolution of the French political regimes show that such a developed democracy as France had to live through many declines, crises, social and political conflicts to find the balance between different ideologies, political powers and social groups. Russia today faces many similar problems, which the French had to deal with decades ago, and it has what to learn from the history of the French republicanism.  political system; republicanism; ideology; structure of  society; political elites; political conflict; political reforms; modernization; political competition; Gaullism


In Colombia, water is one of the most abundant resources. This has led to settlement of populations around streams and rivers. However, the misuse and pollution of this resources resulted in standards being set to minimize the effects on health and environment. Following Colombian regulations, water analysis is being done from a section which supplies a sidewalk located in Santa Rosa de Cabal, Risaralda. Based on the findings, water purification solutions are being created for this community aqueduct. Key Word —Water, purification, regulations, community aqueduct.


This paper examines flood seasonality in Greece and its 13 regions by studying a catalogue of 553 events between 1880 and 2010. Findings are compared with the conclusions of similar analyses in selected areas across southern Europe. Results show that flooding in Greece presents strong seasonality as 46.6% of the total events occur during autumn and mostly during November (20.6%). Examination of smaller geographical entities shows different seasonality patterns between eastern, western, southern, and northern parts of Greece. Comparison with findings in Spain, Italy, and Cyprus show that summer floods are far more frequent in the northern parts of these countries. On the contrary, winter floods present higher percentages in the south. A significant shift in seasonality was identified between the western and southeastern Mediterranean Region. Results provide new knowledge for flood prevention planning by improving the current understanding of flood seasonality across the region.


The present invention particularly relates to Mullite lightweight insulation tiles and preparation method based on high-voltage ceramic waste. The technical proposal is: first to 65.0 ~ 95.0wt% of the high-voltage ceramic waste and 5.0 ~ 35.0wt% clay as raw material, the raw material plus 2.0 ~ 4.0wt% of binder and 4.0 ~ 8.0wt% of water, mix, then add the raw material per ton 500 ~ 1000L pore forming agent, stirring 4 ~ 6h, trapped material 15 ~ 30h, pressing; then at 60 ~ 120 ℃ dried for 20 ~ 28h, at 1200 ~ 1500 ℃ incubation conditions 4 ~ 8h, that was mullite lightweight insulation tiles. The high-voltage ceramic waste is the main chemical components: Al2O3 content ≥55.0wt%, SiO2 content ≥38.0wt%, K2O content ≥3.0wt%, Na2O content ≥0.3wt%. The invention has simple process, resource conservation and environment-friendly features, the higher the obtained Mullite lightweight insulation tiles compressive strength, high volume stability, low bulk density and low thermal conductivity.


The theory of institutional logics has become one of the most important theories for empirical research. It is represented in a vaste number of research topics. The purpose of this papers of theoretical character is description of development in the institutional logic concept and stipulation of vast possibilities for its application in the research on the spatial organization of economy both for empirical researches and for methodological studies. The analysis here helps to situate the theory of institutional logics in the economic geography context.


An in-vacuum minipole (short period) Insertion Device has been developed at LURE (Laboratoire pour l'Utilization du Rayonnement Electromagnetique) in the frame of R&D. A particular attention has been especially taken in the design and the mechanics in order to ease the cancellation of magnetic errors which affect the performances of the ID. The magnetic field (0.68 T) is produced by two arrays of permanent magnets installed on a fixed gap frame. Each magnet can be vertically moved in order to correct multipolar errors and phase errors. In addition, end correctors have been especially designed to increase the efficiency of the multipolar correction. In this paper, the authors present the design of the undulator, the mechanical choices as well as the calculations and the vacuum tests.


We present a novel solution to accurately recover 3D dynamic flame temperature field based on physical parameters consistency. First, a new optical model is proposed to establish the relationship between the flame radiation and the radiance field, this model fully considers refractive effect caused by refraction index changing; Second, high dynamic range (HDR) cameras are used to take flame images, a lookup table is employed calculate temperature from radiance; Third, an algorithm is put forward to reconstruct the flame temperature field. Experimental results on real flame accord with physical facts, which demonstrate that our solution is validate.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the degree of severity of baseline thrombocytopenia (TCP) on outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)


Different theoretical models for two- and three-body electromagnetic currents are constructed using meson-exchange mechanisms and minimal substitution in the momentum dependence of two- and three-nucleon interactions. We review the use of effective field theory (EFT) to compute electromagnetic reactions in three-nucleon systems at very low energies. We first explain how EFT theory can be extended to incorporate the photon into the three-nucleon systems when also a three-nucleon force is acting. We also explain the predictions of the resulting EFT for neutron–deuteron radiative capture process at very low energies. In this work, a number of low-energy photonuclear observables, including neutron–deuteron radiative capture reactions and triton photodisintegration, are calculated in order to make a comparative study of the pion-less EFT results with the models based on the realistic Argonne v18(AV18) two-nucleon and Urbana IX or Tucson–Melbourne three-nucleon interactions. The calculated cross-section of neut...


A series of 50 derivatives of piperidine have been studied for analgesic action and other pharmacological properties.

Maximal analgesic potency is attained by introducing an alkyl group into the 3-position of these 1-, 4-, 4-substituted piperidines. Steric configuration determines the degree of analgesic potency. Four of these preparations are from four to eight times as potent as morphine. Qualitatively these compounds resemble morphine in pharmacological action.


This article discusses a lack of theoretical research about the distribution of commodities.In the new century the study should be stressed about the concept,the basic theory and the structural reform of circulation.Also the research of supply and demand,the price,the order in circulation field must be emphasized.


In this paper, we present a nonlinear proximal alternating directions method (NPADM) for solving a class of structured variational inequalities (SVI). By choosing suitable Bregman functions, we generalize the proximal alternating directions method proposed by He, et al. [13]. The convergence of the method is proved under quite mild assumptions and flexible parameter conditions.


Polished surfaces of a fine‐grained aluminum, silicon carbide metal matrix composite (MMC) were imaged using the ion‐induced secondary electron emission in a FIB ion microscope. In these images a dispersion of particles with a distinct bright contrast are seen to be mainly located at the matrix aluminum grain/subgrain boundaries, and at the matrix/reinforcement interface. The particles range in size from 20 to 200 nm. FIB‐SIMS was used to identify the composition of these particles as magnesium and oxygen‐rich, and so, to corroborate SEM/EDS analyses. Analysis of the FIB images of the polished section showed that the areal density of the particles with distinct bright contrast was consistent with a composition of MgAl2O4. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This study examines the impact of rural credit on soybean production in the Brazilian Midwest. The analyzes were developed based on information from municipal agricultural production and the volume of rural credit destined for costing and investment activities, in the years 2009 and 2017, for the 467 municipalities in the Midwest region. The location quotient was used to verify the relative concentration level of the rural credit market and soy production. The regional and rural credit effects on soybean production were estimated using econometric regression. The results show that the granting of credit has positive effects and results in the production of soybeans, being the higher result for costing compared to investment. In this scenario, the rural credit policy stabilized as an essential instrument of governmental stimulus to the sector.


Access to internet connection is nowhere near as widespread as access to the cell phone network. A primary reason is cost, or perhaps more correctly stated, return on investment. Cost effectiveness of equipment is a key requirement although one that needs to be matched with a plan for a revenue stream. The IEEE Smart Village program for several years has been partnering with local entrepreneurs to provide equipment to produce renewable electrical power in remote rural areas. A requirement of the local partner is a viable plan for economic sustainability. If the target community can support a local micro-grid, it would stand to reason that the same community could support some communication infrastructure. Remote rural communities that lack electricity and communication generally also have compelling educational needs, for example, textbooks. An inexpensive means of distributing learning materials is the internet. The work to be discussed here is that of the first stages of an extension of the IEEE Smart Village program to the simultaneous provision of power and communication. We are presently investigating the notion that installing intranet infrastructure at the same time as a micro-grid is cost effective. The candidate technologies for intranet are Wi-Fi Long Distance (WiLD) and Television White Space (TVWS). The technologies are described, compared and contrasted. A testbed that is presently being constructed at the University of Colorado at Boulder to compare these two communication technologies will be described and test results presented. Some discussion will be give to trials that will take place in coming months, for example, an installation in Papua New Guinea.


In this paper, problems concerning the uniaxial experimental investigation of the human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) biomechanical characteristics, concomitant values of the associated Cauchy st...


This publication analyses the question about the contacts between Crimean Karaites and the members of an emperor's dynasty of Romanovs, and about visits of the members of an emperor's dynasty in the "cave towns" Chufut-Kaleh in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century. In literature this problem undeservedly misses scholarly attention and has not yet been studied in details. Especially interesting the problem is activity of Karaite's clergy in the context of the construction of the Karaites's ethnic and confessional identity. This paper is grounded on the materials from the files in the State Archive of the Republic of the Crimea, as well as the data from collected documents and artifacts of the period.


The work is devoted to a comprehensive study of fair trade of Tula province in the XIX-early XX century., which showed that a steady increase in the number of fair trades and their turnover in the late XIX – early XX centuries.indicates the viability of this type of trade and its important role in the development of the domestic market of Tula province in the period. The history of the development and functioning of Russian fairs in the XIX – early XX centuries, which were an integral part of the domestic market, is of particular interest. The study of fair trade of Central Russia in General and, in particular, the fairs of the Tula region operating in the conditions of developing capitalism, gives extensive material in this field of knowledge and allows to answer the main question of the historiographical discussion developed in domestic science – whether fair trade continued to play a leading role in the domestic market in Russia in the XIX – early XX centuries.


Abstract Mice that express 20% the normal levels of the Ets transcription factor PU.1 develop AML, unlike mice that express 50% or 80% the normal levels, indicating that PU.1 is a dosage-sensitive tumor suppressor gene. In addition, 3 of 13 AMLs induced by transplanting mice with cells transduced with a Sox4 oncogene-containing retrovirus were found to carry a Sox4 retroviral integration in one PU.1 allele, suggesting that downregulation of PU.1 may cooperate with Sox4 in AML induction. Since the other PU.1 allele remains intact in these AMLs and a 50% decrease in PU.1 expression is not sufficient to induce AML, we hypothesized that Sox4 might further downregulate PU.1 expression in these AMLs. To test this hypothesis, we transfected HL60 cells with an expression vector carrying GFP and Sox4 cDNA or a GFP vector control alone. PU.1 mRNA levels were consistently downregulated 4 to 10 fold in cells transfected with Sox4 cDNA compared to cells transfected with the vector control, confirming that overexpression of Sox4 downregulates PU.1 expression in myeloid cells. The decrease of PU.1 mRNA was observed as early as 8 hours after Sox4 transfection, further suggesting that Sox4 may directly interact with PU.1 in myeloid cells. Consistent with this, analysis of 2 published microarray databases comprising 401 de novo AML patient samples showed that SOX4 expression is significantly negatively correlated with PU.1 expression (coefficient: −0.337, P-value: 1E-07). In order to confirm that downregulation of PU.1 cooperates with Sox4 in AML induction, we infected wild type or PU.1 heterozygous knockout bone marrow cells with the Sox4 retrovirus and then monitored the time of AML development in transplanted mice. Results showed increased penetrance (95%) of myeloid leukemia in mice transplanted with Sox4-infected PU +/– bone marrow compared to mice receiving Sox4-infected wild type marrow (60%). Myeloid leukemia was confirmed by histology in all animals of the Sox4-infected PU +/ cohort while T cell lymphoma was diagnosed in 3 animals of the Sox4 wild type cohort. Together, all experiments support the hypothesis that Sox4 cooperates with the transcription factor PU.1.


Our article "Renal denervation for the treatment of cardiovascular high risk-hypertension or beyond"1 aimed to provide an overview of the currently available data on renal denervation (RDN) in experimental models, in human hypertension, and also to provide an outlook on potential future research targets in the field of interventional sympathomodulation.

According to the consensus and position documents of the European Society of Hypertension2 and the European Society of Cardiology,3 RDN represents a treatment option for patients with resistant hypertension despite optimal medical therapy and after exclusion of secondary causes of hypertension, which is extensively discussed in our article.1 Furthermore, treatment of patients with elevated office blood pressure but normal …


We demonstrate simultaneous balanced DPSK demodulation of 40 Gb/s WDM channels using a single periodic sampled fiber-Bragg-grating. The reflection (transmission) spectrum serves as the constructive (destructive) port of a traditional delay-line-interferometer. We observe approximately 0.5 dB required OSNR variation across the band of the FBG.


We extend the study of mergers & acquisitions and alliances initiatives to include a temporal perspective focusing on when, how and under which conditions firms should accelerate or slow down their M&A and alliance processes. Using a social entrainment model, we explore the relationship between rhythm, synchronization and firm performance.