According to the Islamic view, production is a human effort to achieve happiness in the world and the hereafter. The concept of production in Islam must pay attention to the principles according to Islamic Sharia and always maintain maqashid al-Sharia. Factors of production in Islam are generally the same as approaches in conventional economics, but with different perspectives. Production according to Islam must also pay attention to the benefit of the people by considering the alms variable. This paper aims to analyze the application of Islamic production behavior in Micro and Small Industries (IMK) that produce halal products, especially during the current pandemic. The research method used is the case study method, a qualitative research method based on human understanding and behavior based on differences in values, beliefs, and scientific theory, held at Shofura, IMK, a mukena producer located in South Jakarta. Based on the research, Shofura discovered has applied Islamic principles in its production behavior. Shofura is also feeling the impact of the pandemic and is making efforts to survive by focusing on online sales and premium mukena that targets the middle to upper consumer segment.

Keywords: Islamic Production Behavior; Production; Small Micro Industry; Halal Products; Pandemic


Abstract In this paper, I propose an economic theory of depression and its impact on health behavior and longevity. Based on studies from happiness research, depression is conceptualized as a drastic loss of utility and value of life for unchanged fundamentals. The model is used to explain how untreated depression leads to unhealthy behavior and adverse health outcomes: depressed individuals are predicted to save less, invest less in their health, consume more unhealthy goods, and exercise less. As a result, they age faster and die earlier than non-depressed individuals. I calibrate the model for an average American and discus how depression enlarges the socioeconomic gradient of health and consider feedback effects of depression on earnings and of physical exercise on depression as well as a variety of depression shocks. Delays in treatment for depression in young adulthood are predicted to have significant repercussions on late-life health outcomes and longevity.


Forecasting energy consumption enables users to plan their resource utilization optimally. For this, it is essential to make reliable forecasting of consumption profile in real-time which is very challenging and still emerging. In this study, we focus on forecasting HVAC cooling energy consumption at sub-hourly forecasting horizon which enables us to analyze and control the demand in real-time. With the aid of energy meters and adaptation of BACnet technology in the target building, we collected real building cooling energy consumption data and HVAC systems usage at a higher resolution. In this methodology, weather data from Weather Underground of Gachibowli, Hyderabad location has been used. These recorded weather parameters are being used as explanatory variables. Along with the weather parameters, many other feature-engineered explanatory variables which are discussed in the paper has been used to capture the trend and variation of energy consumption. Required pre-processing and data analysis is performed on the raw data to obtain meaningful information for modeling. We have implemented one-step ahead static forecasting using Gradient Boosting Regression Trees (GBRT), where we forecast for single-time-step ahead in each iteration then update the training data at the end of each iteration with actual data available next time-step in order to assess how well the model forecasts one-step-ahead. Our results show that we could improve forecast accuracy by almost 45% by including feature engineered variables. We achieved a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 14.7% with GBRT.


This paper is devoted to investigation of the interaction between the charged particle flows passing through the boundary of plasma-like media and surface oscillations.


In this short article, we state a Hopf type lemma for fractional equations and the outline of its proof. We believe that it will become a powerful tool in applying the method of moving planes on fractional equations to obtain qualitative properties of solutions.


PTN networking is an advanced networking model which can realize 3G and full services in the metro transmission network and currently,it has become the important solution for the mobile operators in their construction of the next metro transmission network.This paper analyzes the PTN networking model facing 3G and full services operation and puts forward the networking schemes in the different stages.


Pore size of microporous membranes were termined by the calculation on the gas permeability of porous media. The proposed model is of value in the preparation of composite membranes by sol-gel methods.


preposterous objective, but it is surely not possible thereby to abandon any attempt to evaluate outcomes of welfare interventions. It may well be inevitable that social planning can only proceed if illegitimate presuppositions are made some of the time, but it is critical that these are explicit and recognised. If some of the more evangelical contributors to the Baldwin volume were willing to accept the sociological critique of Ashmore et al., it would, at a minimum, make the attainment of an applied social science that little bit more likely.


In the wake of the sustainable blossom of AIT, the world has introduced related policies on AI, actively promoting the advance of the AI industry, accelerating the integration of AI technology and various industries, and making completely utilize of AI, striving to be the leader of the new round of technological reforms. AI has been well applied in construction, finance, healthcare, agriculture and other sectors. It has varied the traditional life mode of mankind community, increased the manufacture workpiece ratio of firms, and accelerated the transition and boosting of the economic structure(ES) of the intelligent TI. It also varied the subsistent economic, war and social blossom models, and accelerated the advance of the mankind world in the intelligent section. This text focuses on the influence of the sustainable evolution of AI technology on the blossom of the intelligent TI. First, the classical study mode is applied to decipher the blossom features of the intelligent TI and the influence of AI technology on the blossom of the intelligent TI. Conduct a questionnaire suvey(QS) on the influence of the blossom of the smart TI, thinking over the advantages of AI technology for the blossom of the smart TI through the outcomes, and giving interrelated suggestions for the blossom of the smart TI. The inspecting outcomes reveal that the main advantage of AI technology for the blossom of the intelligent TI is innovation, study and blossom, taking up about 45%, and then having good data thinking over capabilities, taking up 31%. The blossom of an industry cannot be separated from data thinking over. It can be utilized to predict the blossom direction of the firm.


This invention relates to a dashboard for vehicles, in particular motor vehicle, capable of allowing at least the circulation of an air flow (1) for the ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning of said vehicle. according to the invention, said panel comprises at least one three-dimensional element (2) adapted at least to be disposed substantially in a transverse direction relative to said vehicle, so as to enhance the resistance of said vehicle side impact, and to allow the circulation of said air flow (6) between at least one of the ventilation means (3), heater (4) and / or air conditioning (5), an inlet air (6) and / or an air outlet (7), said ventilation means (3), heater (4) and / or air conditioning (5) being distributed substantially in a same plane parallel to said direction bar.


Due to present regulatory framework, connection studies and scheme for generators (PV, Wind...) are designed to guaranty that all capacity can be injected in the feeder any time of the year in normal operation. Any injection above the connection capacity of the contract is forbidden. This can result in grid adaptations (reinforcements or heavier structural modifications) triggered by short duration constraints. It is thus rational to look for alternative solutions with better costs. Among those active curtailments (reduction of active power injection during short periods) appears to have interesting features and possible drawbacks: we develop this idea further in this paper for MV PV generation.


Multi-agent system (MAS) simulation, a growing field within artificial intelligence, requires the creation of high-performance, parallel, and user-friendly simulation frameworks. The standard approach is to use threads and shared memory. The drawbacks of this approach are the common concurrency pitfalls of race conditions and performance loss due to synchronization. Our goal was to evaluate the feasibility of an alternate model of concurrency, actors. An actor can be thought of as a very lightweight thread that does not share memory with other threads, instead communicating only through message passing. Actors seem to be a natural fit for this task, since agents are concurrently processed objects that communicate with each other through message passing. We write an actor framework and an equivalent threaded framework in the modern object-functional JVM language Scala and compare their performance. We conclude that the actor model seems like a natural fit, but its performance is inferior to that of the threaded model. Despite this drawback, it shows great promise due to its elegance and simplicity. When scaling to multiple machines, the advantages of actors will almost certainly outweigh any


In the course of translating applied-texts,transmission of cultural information is very important,firstly,"convergence" of culture and the purpose of "transmitting information" of applied-texts require facsimile of cultural information.Secondly,during English-Chinese translation and Chinese-English translation,translators should ensure the transmission of cultural information to the full to achieve one culture transmitted to another culture and to the effect of culture facsimile.


Forty-two pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila strains isolated from Whitmania pigra,Rana chensinensis,Paralichthys olivaceus,Ctenopharyngodon idellua,Mylopharyngodon piceus and Cyprinus carpio were investigated for the presence of hemolysin( Ahh) gene using PCR method,and the homology of Ahh gene sequences from diverse representative A. hydrophila strains were compared with available sequences in the NCBI GenBank using the soft-ware DNAStar. The results showed that all the detected strains were positive for Ahh gene. The Ahh genes of representative strains which were isolated from different hosts shared 94. 1% ~ 98. 9% nucleotide sequence homology with the reference strains. The Ahh genes of 7 representative strains showed a higher percentage of similarity( 97. 1% ~ 100%). Among them,Ahh gene sequence homologies of representative strains HC960715-5 isolated from C. idellua and HTQ010505-3 isolated from W. pigra, as well as HL060811-3 isolated from M. piceus and HQ070610B-3 isolated from R. chensinensis,were as high as 100%.


A composition comprising an organic fluorophore having a structure according to formula I: (Formula I) wherein: R1 is independently a C1-C8 branched or straight chain; a is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; Z is S; Q is a hydrogen radical acid selected from OH, NH2, NHR2, wherein R2 is C1-C8 branched or straight chain; and A is a moiety attached to the aminotriazine 4th or 5th ring carbon phenol or aniline, said moiety having aminotriazine structure according to formula II: (Formula II) wherein R3 is independently a halogen; benzothiazole having a structure according to formula X: (Formula X) wherein Q, R1 and are as defined above; one benzooxazol having a structure according to formula (XI): (Formula XI) wherein Q, R1 and are as defined above, or a tertiary amine having a structure according to formula (III):


ABSTRACT There is often confusion and sometimes controversy over whether a specific habitat or ecosystem is considered a wetland. In 2021, the New Zealand High Court issued a judgement that the wetland rules in the Resource Management (National Environmental Standards for Freshwater) Regulations 2020 (NES-F) do apply to wetlands in the Coastal Marine Area (CMA), more particularly which ones apply to 'natural wetlands'. From a scientific standpoint, the term 'coastal wetland' can be applied to all wetland types located in New Zealand coastal hydrosystems, including non-tidal wetlands influenced, at least in part, by coastal processes. This means coastal wetlands can be found within and outside (although adjacent to) the CMA. In order to map the boundaries of wetlands currently identified within the CMA, their seaward and landward limits can be determined as: 'areas of marine water, the depth of which, at low tide, does not exceed six metres', and the 'CMA definition', respectively.


A low-latency frequency synthesizer using the Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) technique has been designed. Called the Residue Assisted Frequency Synthesizer (RAFS), it exhibits frequency switching times which are reduced by more than 50 percent below previously published designs. The switching speed advantage is made possible by the use of the Residue Number System, which allows the pipeline lengths in the Phase Accumulator and other circuitry to be reduced significantly.


Objective To study the effect and mechanism of premarin on rat osteoblasts in vitro. Methods The osteoblasts were separated from the skull of new-born rats, and were cultured in 10% bovine serum DMEM. High and low dosage premarin was separately added and compared with blank group. In the end, osteoblasts were tested through MTT method. Expression of PKC and Bag-1 were assayed by Western-blot. Results Premarin promoted the multiplication of osteoblats cultured for 24 hours while the effect was even strengthened after 48 hours. Expression quantity of PKC and anti-apoptosis protein Bag-1 was increased remarkably. Conclusions Premarin prevents and treats osteoporosis by promoting multiplication of osteoblasts and enhancing the expression of PKC and anti-apoptosis protein Bag-1.


Objective Researching trial effect of healthy education project in community and laying a good basis for promotion of healthy education works.Methods Multi-stage random sampling was employed in the investigation.Results The percentage of the public in trial area who were aware of health knowledge increased by 9.1% and the percentage of healthy action by 6.2%.Conclusion Through community diagnoses,training,knowledge propaganda and action guidance and so on under the help of the government-led job with multi-department cooperation,the strategy of developing healthy education in community was effective,and the activities had active meaning to promote the healthy education works in community.


In last decades the scarcity of combustible oil around the world has promoted the quest of new processes to produce power from alternative energy sources. The conventional Rankine cycle with water as working fluid, it is a good choice to convert heat into electricity but inefficient in temperatures below 350 C. Using an organic compound as working fluid the Rankine cycle (Called Organic Rankine Cycle) improves the cycle efficiency and can reduce the economy of the process for energy recovery from low temperature sources. In this work we proposed a set of organic compounds and a scenario of process to obtain simultaneously both optimum values of compositions of the mixture (used as working fluid) and operating conditions of the cycle for a given low temperature source. As design goals we set the minimization of total annual cost and the maximization of thermal efficiency. Because these two goals are in conflict the design problem was posed as a non-linear multi-objective optimization problem with thermodyn...


The aftermath of September 11 provided governments with the opportunity to shift power from the judiciary to the executive in order to give the executive greater control over anti-terror measures. However, these measures, which threaten to disturb the delicate democratic balance between the executive and the judiciary, have far-reaching ramifications. As a result they have not gone unchallenged. In the United States and the United Kingdom significant cases have been brought before the courts in an attempt to address these ramifications and to restore the balance between security and rights. Before the High Court of Australia a challenge to the regime of control orders recently introduced is also pending. Though, it is yet to be seen whether an enduring balance can be struck between executive and judicial power on the one hand, and between security and rights on the other.


It is Shaanxi′s grand inevitable choice of goal to promote harmonious development of human beings and nature.Shaanxi faces serious contradiction in promoting harmonious development of human beings and nature,such as heavy responsibilities for economic development,increasing growth of population and inactive protection of resources,etc.At present,Shaanxi must establish a kind of new idea to promote harmonious development of human beings and nature,such as developing recycling economy,realizing the basic transition of the mode of production, coordinating harmonious development of human beings and natural.


This paper investigates the effect of a cascaded feature selection (CFS) in SVM text categorization. Unlike existing feature selections, our method (CFS) has two advantages. One can make use of the characteristic of each feature (word). Another is that unnecessary test documents for a category, which should be categorized into a negative set, can be removed in the first step. Compared with the method which does not apply CFS, our method achieved significant good performance especially about the categories which contain a small number of training documents.


It is the purpose of both parts of the article to present the Prime Minister as a body subject to Sejm control. To achieve the above, an attempt has been made to characterise his legal and governmental status with the consideration given to the factors determining such status, especially those factors that are basic for the presentation of the Prime Minister and fit within the subjective and objective scope of the Sejm control over the government activity. Considerations in this respect are carried out based on the normative regulations, mainly on the Constitution of the Republic of Poland adopted on 2 April 1997. The article mainly includes the analysis of the legal and governmental status subject to Sejm control over the Prime Minister of the Council of Ministers as a chairman of the collective executive decision-making body of the Polish government, that is, the Council of Ministers. The focus has been placed on the role of the Prime Minister in shaping the make-up of the government, his power to discharge and reshuffle cabinet members and influence to consolidate the government. Subsequently, the position of the Prime Minister within the Council of Ministers was submitted to more profound analysis including the contemplation of such normative solutions crucial for this position as authority to represent the Council of Ministers, coordinate the work of the Council of Ministers ensure the implementation of policy adopted by the cabinet, define the manners of the implementation of policy of the Council of Ministers, and coordinate and control work of the cabinet members.


Abstract : The article deals with steady regimes of helicopter flight. The first and the second regimes of a steady helicopter flight are described. Horizontal flights as well as other rectilinear states such as climbs and engine descent are studied. A significant part of the article is devoted to steady turns and some unsteady flight regimes such as acceleration and slowing down.


The UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency ('the Model Law') enacted on May 5 1997 and the European Commission Insolvency Regulation enforced in 2002 both adopted a new type of establishing standard-company's main interest (COMI)-to distribute the jurisdiction around the world in cross-border insolvency cases. The purpose of these two legal documents is to endeavor to find the place that has the most significant connection with the debtor. This essay is trying to analyze the new standard and enlighten the judicial practice of China in cross-border insolvency field.


A Brownian particle performs gyrating motion around a potential energy minimum when subjected to thermal noises from two different heat baths. Here, we propose a magneto-gyrator made of a single charged Brownian particle that is steered by an external magnetic field. Key properties, such as the direction of gyration, the torque exerted by the engine on the confining potential and the maximum power delivered by the microengine can be tuned by varying the strength and direction of the applied magnetic field. Further tunability is obtained by rotating the potential in the plane perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic filed. We show that in this generic scenario, the microengine can be stalled and even reversed by the magnetic field. Finally, we highlight a property of the magneto-gyrator that has no counterpart in the overdamped approximation--the heat loss from the hot to cold bath requires explicit knowledge of the mass of the particle. Consequently, the efficiency of the microengine is mass-dependent even in the overdamped limit.


The paper deals with the mathematical model development of the kinematical behavior of the flexible transmission branch exemplified. A typical example of transmission with discrete-flexible connection can be considered as the movement of the drive elements of the chain. The use of chain gears as a drive for a wide range of technological machines with high requirements in order to ensure a certain law of motion of the executive bodies is the task of studying changes in its kinetic characteristics during operation. It is established that random deviations of the chain step from the nominal are the result of manufacturing inaccuracy elements of transmission and wear during operation. The mathematical model of motion gives an idea of the real interpretation of the kinematics of the chain transmission taking into account the uneven dimensions of individual links. The model makes it possible to present the components of deviations of the transmission movement from the given in two groups: deviations created by the accumulated error of the chain section, and movement. Calculations based on the developed mathematical model show that when the hinges of the sleeve-roller chain are worn by 2.5%, the value of the coefficient of non-uniformity of the transmission increases threefold.


The siltation of water reservoirs in Poland is progressing at the rate of 0.5-5% of capacity per year, hence the actions necessary to limit this unfavorable phenomenon are necessary, among others through desludging. A relatively cheap and efficient method of removing sediments from reservoirs is sucking in hydrated sludge through siphon or antisiphon, additionally equipped with a solid particle separator. The task of the prototype installation for hydromechanical removal and purification of sediments is the separation of sediments collected from the bottom of the reservoir into two streams, containing: coarse fractions (desirable), directed directly to the river below the damming, and finer and lighter (undesired) fractions that can be used after dehydration), e.g., agricultural. Sorted thick mineral fractions limit the erosion of the channel of the watercourse below the reservoir. Laboratory tests were carried out on a physical model of a slotted separator, in which mineral particles with diameters of 0.15-12.0 mm and spherical particles with a diameter of 6.0 mm were used, made of materials with a density of 1000-2650 kgm. The tests have shown that it is possible to create hydraulic conditions in which the sediments are separated into two fractions and their further transport by means of two pipes. The relations between the velocity of the water flow above the slits and the velocity at which the grains descended were significant. Słowa kluczowe: zbiornik wodny, sedymentacja, odmulanie, zasysanie osadów, separator szczelinowy


Tuberculosis (TB), "the world's most neglected health crisis," has returned after decades of decline, but has only gradually caught the attention of governments as a formidable threat to public health. By 1984, when TB cases hit an all-time low, federal and state governments stopped supporting the medical infrastructure that once served to contain the disease. State officials around the nation began dismantling laboratory research programs and closing TB clinics and sanitoria. Since 1985, however, TB rates have steadily increased to 26,673 reported cases in 1992, and some have estimated that by the year 2000, there could be a twenty percent increase. By 1993, Congress, realizing that TB could pose a major public health threat, allocated over $100 million to the Department of Health and Human Services for TB prevention and treatment programs. Those funds, however, were sorely needed years before and amounted to only a fraction of what public health officials believe necessary to control TB today.


The analysis of materials of a round table "Technical diagnosing and nondestructive testing. New approaches" at forum "NDT Territory – 2019" is carried out. It is shown that risk-focused technical diagnosing reached that level of development, which fully provides real use it at assessment of technogenic safety with use of indicators of risk of accident of dangerous technical objects.


In this paper, we present a Natural Language Processing (NLP)-empowered virtual course assistant solution that supports online teaching and learning in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We leverage advanced technologies of pre-trained language models in NLP to construct several fundamental functionalities for the virtual course assistant. The assistant is designed to answer general course enquiries to reduce time-consuming and repeated human responses, to answer course-related knowledge questions by understanding both queries and teaching materials, and to analyze students' feedback via sentiment analysis. Additionally, we have constructed the course-related database and cross-platform virtual assistants for both website and mobile applications. Different pre-trained models are utilized to fine-tune the dataset in each type of model. By comparing different datasets and analyzing their performance, the best performance model is selected for the virtual assistant. Empirically, adopting NLP-empowered virtual course assistants in class improves teaching and learning experiences: With the help of an NLP-empowered virtual course assistant, the teaching team could devote more effort and time to answering complex questions; For students, an immediate response increases their motivation to study. Thus, the online system could give an excellent user experience to a wide variety of users. Our code and dataset are released at https://github.com/Heriannan/NLP-for-educationVirtualAssistant.


The amendments range from empowering the Registrar of Vehicles from refusing registration of motor vehicles unless there is in force a permit issued by the Registrar authorising registration of the vehicle under the Government's policy of strictly controlling and gradually reducing the growth in the car population to introducing stiffer penalties against "high risk" drivers as well as pre-trial disqualification from driving for drunk drivers in certain circumstances.


Purpose: To evaluate the clinical results of monovision treatment applied to cataract patients who planned to undergo phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation. Methods: Phacoemulsificaiton and implantation of a monofocal PC IOL were performed in 40 patients between January 2005 and January 2006. Surgeries were performed on the dominant eye with the postoperative goals of emmetropia and on the nondominant eye with the postoperative goals of mild myopia. Patients' satisfaction, refractive change, and visual acuity were evaluated for at least 3 months after the surgery. Results: The mean postoperative uncorrected near visual acuity (UCNVA) of binocular eyes was 0.56±0.52, which was a statistically significant improvement compared with the mean preoperative UCNVA (P


Aqueous solution of the present invention are, for example empirical formula H The present invention further relates to a process for producing the compounds, and pharmaceutically and in particular the medical field, cosmetic, medical, and to their use in the area of food processing and food technology.


The case of an 18-year-old young girl presented with a slow-growing, painless swelling on the right side of the tongue since 4 years. This was associated with disturbances in mastication. Examination revealed a 3 cm x 4 cm, globular smooth, mobile mass on right side of the tongue. There was no neurological deficit and no neck nodes palpable. She underwent excision of the mass under general anaesthesia. Complete enucleation with primary closure was carried out. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery and histological evaluation was consistent with schwannoma. The patient is recurrence free till date.


Abstract The synthesis of 3- and 4-substituted aryl dithiatriazines, {XC6H4CN3S 2}2, (X = 4-CH3,4-Cl, 3-CF3,4-CF3, 4-C3O, 4-C6H5); dithiadiazolyl radicals 4-X-C6H4CN2S2 (X = CH3, CH3O, Cl, NO2 and CF3) and their dimers in the solid state and four new diselenadiazolyl radicals 4-X-C6H4CN2Se2 (X = CH3, CH3O, Cl, and CF3) as well as CF3CN2Se2 and their dimers are reported. The crystal structure of the 4-Cl dithiatriazine dimer was determined. The sulphur radicals, either in bulk or in higher yield when produced in situ with Ph3Sb, react with O2 to give the corresponding 3- and 4-substituted 1,5,2,4,6,8-dithiatetrazocines, {X-C6H4CN2}2S2, X = 4-H, 4-CH3,4-CH3O,4-Cl, 3-CF3,4-CF3. Physical properties (mp, colour, IR andNMR data) of the derivatives withX = CH3 and 4-CF3 differ substantially from those in a previow report.


This paper studies firms' optimal qualitative disclosure about hard-to-quantify risk exposure to affect investors' information acquisition under the feedback effect channel. Based on a model with unknown payoff distribution, disclosure softness, and ambiguity aversion, I find that firms with lower risk exposure disclose more precisely. Particularly, low (medium) exposure firms provide perfect (partially informative) risk disclosures, whereas high exposure firms always disclose vaguely. In addition, the softness of risk disclosure enables firms to induce different risk perceptions among informed and uninformed investors with one disclosure, which gives firms the flexibility to separately influence the beliefs of the two groups of investors. Finally, I find that lower cost of information acquisition may improve economic efficiency at the expense of risk disclosure quality. JEL classification: D82, D83, G14.


Field emission microscopy and field ion microscopy (FEM and FIM) of two-dimensional layered material, MoS2, were carried out. MoS2 field emitters were prepared by mechanical peeling of a single crystal and by deposition of MoS2 suspension. FEM exhibited an array of elongated broad spots, and the corresponding FIM images presented patterns consisting of streaked spots and split spots (double spots), depending on electric voltages applied to the emitter. Since the probability of field ionization of imaging gas atoms (Ne gas was used in the present study) is governed by both field strength near surface atomic sites and accessible vacant electronic states, these patterns reflect the atomic site and/or spatial distribution of unoccupied electronic orbitals at the edges of MoS2 layers.


The modes,languages and signs of the multi-modal discourse in a college English teacher's classroom are tiered,annotated,then its statistic variables are analyzed both functionally and cognitively by means of ELAN 4.1.2.The study shows that visual and oral modalities are mainly employed with language in the construction of "the conceptual,representational meaning";In the construction of "the interpersonal,interactive meaning",more tactile,visual and auditory modalities are used to negotiate affects and attitudes with the help of paralanguages such as body sign,gaze,video clips,pictures,colors within social distance;To predict the "textual meaning",visual modality is mainly used by means of forms,diagrams,fonts and signs.In these processes,gestures can relay respective modalities,as well as collaborate languages and signs in the form of creating images,reference,and emphasis concepts


The minimum weight design of constant height unstiffened plate girders has been formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem using the American Institute of Steel Construction specification. The girders are assumed to be symmetrical and fully restrained against lateral buckling. A two-stage minimization procedure is then employed to obtain minimum weight solutions. The results of the study are in the form of simple design curves and formulas which can be used for any loading condition. A rapid and accurate design method for plate girders with constant cross section is then proposed. It is also shown how this design can be extended to allow for limitation on girder height, flange curtailment, and discrete values of plate thickness. The study indicates that significant savings in material can be achieved when optimum girder proportions are employed instead of the widely used hot rolled steel sections.


Since the motorcycle rider looks at the road surface constantly while driving the motorcycle, the information display must be designed by considering the visual characteristics of the rider. In this study, the HUD for the motorcycle was developed to display navigation information to the rider, and the immersive motorcycle simulator was constructed to conduct an evaluation experiment safely about the effective method of displaying information. In the experiment, the eye movement of the subject was measured using the eye-mark recorder and the detection time and the observation time were analyzed. From the results of the experiment, several knowledge about the effective position and the effective amount of displayed information were obtained.


This research attempts to answer the following question: What is the form of the organization of work between the design teams and tutors and how does it impact the work of tutors? Semi-structured individual interviews with 44 respondents from four schools, three Canadian and one european, along with 8 group interviews were conducted. The results show difficulties that are particularly significant concerning the division of labour, the com©Auteur(s). Cette œuvre, disponible à https://doi.org/10.18162/ritpu-2018-v15n1-06, est mise à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution .0 International http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/ .0/deed.fr


Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines ( Xag ) causes bacterial pustule disease which can significantly reduce the production of soybean. A collection of 26 isolates of Xag from different soybean-production areas of Thailand was shown to differ with regard to aggressiveness on soybean. They also differed in their ability to induce a hypersensitive response (HR) on four cultivars of tobacco and on other plant species including pepper, tomato, cucumber, pea and sesame. Tomato was most sensitive to HR induction by Xag . Isolate KU-P-34017 caused an HR on all the plant species tested. The minimal concentration of KU-P-34017 needed to induce HR on tobacco was approximately 5 × 10 8 CFU mL − 1 . A bacterium‐plant interaction period of at least 2·5 h was necessary for HR, and different temperatures, relative humidity and light periods did not affect HR development. Inhibitors of eukaryotic metabolism, including cobalt chloride, lanthanum chloride and sodium orthovanadate (completely), and cycloheximide (partially) blocked the HR on tobacco, indicating the association of an active plant response. In contrast, the HR on tomato was inhibited only by cobalt chloride.


The articale analysised the control principle of the elctronic knife rest of NC lathe that equiped the HNC-21 CNC system,and discussed a development plan for training equipment of electronic knife rest based on PLC.


The present invention relates to a pouch-type secondary battery having improved heat safety, a secondary battery, and a battery module. More particularly, overheat or ignition which can be generated when a conductive aciform material penetrates the secondary battery, and a melting phenomenon when additional heat is generated due to a short circuit between the batteries are prevented by forming a heat-resistant coating layer made of heat-resistant polymer in the outer surface of a secondary battery pouch. Thereby, the generation of electrolyte eruption can be prevented. Therefore, the safety of the secondary battery using the secondary battery pouch, the battery module, and a battery pack can be improved.


It seems reasonable to assume that a number of factors influence the size of the human individual at various stages of development. Pearson and his co-workers have shown the great importance of hereditary factors. They have found that in general such environmental factors as they have been able to consider play a much smaller rôle in determining the characteristics of the individual. Nevertheless it seems important to investigate all such factors in as great detail as possible, with a view to disentangling those factors which are innate in the zygote from which the individual develops from those which are extrinsic to the individual, and to measuring quantitatively the relative importance of each. It seems especially desirable to consider certain morphogenetic factors. The purpose of this paper, which is one of a series dealing with the physical characteristics of the newborn infant of various races, is to consider the possible relationships between the age of the parents and the length and weight of the newborn child. The data represent measurements on infants of the white race taken at the Sloane Hospital for Women, New York City, and recorded in the archives of the Obstetric Divisions of that institution. For opportunity of using these records we are indebted to the late Dr. W. E. Studdiford, who was Superintendent at the time this phase of the investigation was undertaken.† Since it is possible that the average age of parents and the average dimensions of the newborn infant differ from nationality to nationality, we have considered separately the charactceristics of infants born of Austrian, English, German, Irish, Italian and Russian parents. Both parents were born in the countries designated. By the examination of about 43,000 records assembled over a period of about 30 years (September, 1890, to September, 1921), it was possible to secure the following numbers of measurements of length and weight.


We developed a methodology for manually establishing tie points of depth-equivalent surfaces in P-P and P-S seismic data volumes derived from a 4-C ocean bottom seismic survey using seismic attribute volumes viewed in time slices. These tie points were used as a basis for establishing interpretations of depth-equivalent surfaces throughout the volumes that were then used as a basis for depth registration of several 2-D sections throughout the volume. We examine the Vp/Vs ratios derived from this interpretation. While these ratios are physically reasonable, they are averaged over several stratigraphic sequences and do not provided enough detail to represent the true interval Vp/Vs values of a given sequence. However, we use these Vp/Vs ratios to correct the interpretation and perform an initial registration of the P-S volume to P-P two-way time. An analysis of the registered, or "warped", P-S volume shows the limitations of this simple technique, and from this we infer what processes must be addressed for a robust method of registration. Introduction The work summarized here is part of a larger study undertaken to develop methods of multicomponent data analysis for the detection of gas hydrate prospects in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Methane gas hydrates deposits occur within a narrow window of near ocean-bottom strata extending no more than a few hundred meters below the seafloor, with size and extent dependent on local temperature and pressure conditions in the region. In many regions of North America, including the southern Gulf of Mexico (GOM), Alaska, and the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States, known gas hydrate deposits can be identified on P-wave seismic surveys by a diagnostic bottom-simulating reflector (BSR) at the base of the frozen hydrates. In the northern GOM, gas hydrates do not exhibit the classic BSR. In this region, the known hydrate deposits have no known distinctive seismic signature, but they do tend to be associated with shallow "gas clouds" which show up as no-data or poor-data quality zones on traditional Pwave seismic surveys. Converted-mode shear waves have already been proven a useful tool for imaging through gas cloud regions (Thomsen et. al, 1997) and specifically in the northern GOM for the purpose of identifying deep targets of interest for oil and gas production (Cafarelli et al, 2000, Knapp et al, 2001). We consider the identification of shallow gas clouds for hydrate detection another possible application for this type of multicomponent seismic data. As part of this study, we introduced the use of a set of multicomponent seismic data designed for deep target exploration as a tool to aid in the identification of possible hydrate prospects and other possible engineering hazards in the upper 1000m of strata across a study region. It should be noted that this study area of the northern GOM shelf is not itself a candidate for hydrate deposits. Large regional 3-D multicomponent data sets of such environments in the deepwater GOM are not available to us at this time. However, the data provided to us for this study provide an opportunity to demonstrate the utility of multicomponent data for the purpose of analyzing nearseafloor sediments and elastic properties which can be extended to other deepwater environments. 4-C Seismic Data The data provided us were from a multi-client 4-C ocean bottom cable survey acquired over 46 OCS blocks of East Cameron South, offshore Louisiana in 1999 and 2000, covering approximately 1000km. The survey is located on the continental shelf in water depths of approximately 100m. The data were processed as a pure-mode P-wave (P-P) volume created from vertical geophone velocity and hydrophone pressure data, and as a radially rotated converted shear mode (P-S or C-wave) volume created from the horizontal velocity phones. For more details of the survey design and processing, refer to Knapp et. al (2001). We were given a P-P wave volume with an extent of 1s in two-way traveltime, and a P-S wave volume extending to 2s so as to allow us enough data to complete our shallow regional studies and protect the confidentiality of the deeper data currently in use for the location of commercial hydrocarbon prospects.


High polarization of ferroelectric materials has profound research significance and is the decisive factor in the application of energy storage, pyroelectricity, and explosive energy conversion. Herein, in force-electric conversion field, an ultrahigh remanent polarization (51.43 μC/cm2) and record-breaking energy density (4.59 J/cm3) after poling were achieved with a lead-free (1 − x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 − xAgNbO3 [(1 − x)BNT – xAN] relaxor ceramics. The enhancement effect of AgNbO3 on polarization is attributed to the increase in lattice distortion and orientation after poling. Additionally, a significant force-electric conversion effect under hydrostatic pressure (depolarization rate ∼44.8%, 400 MPa) and shock pressure (depolarization rate ∼54.4%, 6.3 GPa) in (1 − x)BNT – xAN was attributed to the pressure-driven ferroelectric/relaxor (FE/RE) phase transition. This work is expected to enlighten the further design of ferroelectric materials with high polarization for pulse power energy conversion application.


The Cornelii Scipiones, a branch of the famous patrician gens Cornelia, were one of the most powerful and influential families of the Roman Republic.

Keywords:

Roman history


In two Proterozoic sandstones, of the Indian shield cross-stratification and cross-lamination are observed to grade continuously into parallel-laminations often bearing parting lineations. These are interpreted as having resulted from a gradual transition from ripple/dune to upper stage plane bed structures. During the transition the inclination of the cross-strata diminishes and their shape changes from concave-up to sigmoidal. The sigmoidal cross-strata are characterized by well defined topsets, foresets and toesets and the topsets bear parting lineations. In the course of the transition sigmoidal cross-strata may give way either to horizontal parallel-lamination or inclined parallel-lamination. In the former the toesets of the successive sigmoidal cross-strata thicken and the thickness of the cross-strata beyond the brink point (the junction between the topset and foreset) tends to become uniform until a plane-bed state is reached and horizontal parallel-laminations are formed. In the latter the topset of the successive sigmoidal cross-strata increases in length at the expense of the foreset and toeset until the brink point ceases to exist so that only the topset laminations prevail and appear as inclined parallel-laminations. These transitions presumably result from a gradual increase in flow intensity beyond the stability limits of ripples/dunes. The progressive morphological changes of the cross-stratification over the transition are attributed to changing fallout patterns on the lee face of the bedforms in response to increasing flow intensity. Preservation of the records of such transitions suggests an abundant supply of sand grade sediments from suspension during the transition, shaping the sediment concentration profile over the bedforms and facilitating turbulence suppression. The variation in the pattern of transition from sigmoidal cross-stratification to parallel-lamination may be the result of different rates of sediment feed from the prevailing suspended sediment load in the two instances.


Sixty accessions of zoysiagrass were assessed based on their turf quality, disease or mite resistance and propagation ability. The results showed that:the coefficient of variation of different characters is ranked as: propagation ability (seed yieldgrowth rate)disease or mite resistance (rust resistancemite resistance)turf quality (turf quality during the quick growth seasonturf quality during the slow growth season).Turf quality during the quick growth season (from May though September) obviously is affected by the rust disease and seed yield. However, the turf quality during slow growth season (from October though next April) is not obviously affected by the rust resistance and seed yield; The seed yield of zoysiagrass obviously is negatively related with the growth rate. Nine accessions including Z039, Z091, Z016 and others be used as the promising seed-propagated zoysiagrass selection, and the other ten accessions including Z097, Z002, Z036 and sever others could be used as the vegetative propagated promising selections.


This paper investigates the mobility of electrons scattering from the coupled system of electrons and longitudinal-optical (LO) phonons in n-type GaAs. The Boltzmann equation is solved exactly for low electric fields by an iterative method, including electron-electron and electron--LO-phonon scattering dynamically screened in the random-phase approximation (RPA). The LO-phonon self-energy is treated in the plasmon-pole approximation. Scattering from ionized impurities screened in static RPA is calculated with phase-shift cross sections and scattering from RPA screened deformation potential and piezoelectric acoustic phonons is included in the elastic approximation. The results show that dynamic screening and plasmon-phonon coupling significantly modify inelastic scattering at low temperatures and densities. The effect on mobility is obscured by ionized impurity scattering in conventionally doped material, but should be important in modulation doped structures. For uncompensated bulk n-type GaAs, the RPA phase-shift model for electron-impurity scattering gives lower drift mobilities than the standard Thomas-Fermi or Born calculations, which are high compared to experiment. Electron-electron scattering lowers the mobility further, giving improved agreement with experiment, though discrepancies persist at high donor concentrations (ng${10}^{18}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$). When impurities are ignored, inelastic scattering from the coupled electron-phonon system is the strongest scattering mechanism at 77 K for moderate doping. This result differs from the standard model, neglecting mode coupling and electron-electron scattering, which has the acoustic modes dominant in this regime.


An orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst (OOC) is a rare developmental jaw cyst, that has been considered as a variant of the keratocystic odontogenic tumour (KCOT), which was irst described in 1927 by Schultz. We, report two cases of OOC along with review of literature. Of the two cases, the irst one was noted in a 31 year old female, while the second one was seen in 48 year old male, both affecting the right posterior region of the mandible. Since, OOC has a less aggressive nature & no propensity to recur a conservative management with complete enucleation of the cystic lesion seems to be the treatment of choice compared to KCOT, where the ideal treatment involves more radical approach, through peripheral osteotomy, chemical curettage or block resection. Hence, now it has become essential to identify OOC as a distinct entity, as it is an odontogenic cyst with varied biological behaviour.


Introduction: The Lands of the Britons A. AFTER ROME 1. Britain, 350-550 2. The Britons and their Languages 3. Inscriptions 4. The Britons and the Irish, 350-800 5. From Pelagius to Gildas 6. Rome and the Britons, 400-664 B. EARLY WELSH SOCIETY 7. Charters and Laws 8. Lords, Food-Renders, and Peasants 9. Kinship and Status 10. Kingship C. THE BRITONS AND THE ENGLISH, 550-1064 11. The Britons and the Northumbrians, 547-685: The Evidence 12. The Britons, Northumbria, and the rise of Mercia, 550-685 13. The Britons and their neighbours under the Mercian hegemony 14. Two Ninth-Century Writers 15. The Transformation of the Ninth Century 16. The Britons and the Empire of Britain 17. Wales, 950-1064 D. THE WELSH CHURCH AND CULTURE 18. The organization of the Welsh Church, 768-106 19. Learning 20. Poets and Story-Tellers Bibliography Index


This trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of new reduced risk insecticides as possible replacements for the grower standard organophosphate insecticides. The trial was conducted on mature 'Hartley' cultivar walnut trees in a commercial orchard near Hollister, CA. Nine treatments were replicated four times in a RCB design. Each replicate consisted of an individual tree. Treatments were applied with a hand-held orchard sprayer operating at 200 psi and delivering a finished spray volume of 300 gal/acre. The first applications were applied on 21 Jul after trap capture increase with subsequent applications applied at about three-week intervals on 14 Aug and 3 Sep. Twenty-five nuts per replicate were examined on 11 Sep and 29 Sep on the tree for external signs of WHF larvae infestation. WHF infestation was categorized into ovipositional scar "sting" 1 = larval feeding less than 1.3 centimeters in diameter of the husk, 2 = larval feeding that may be entire husk but no exit holes and 3 = larval feeding that may be entire husk but exit holes present. Adult WHF were monitored with an ammonia carbonate "Supercharged" yellow apple maggot panel trap. The trap was monitored at about 7 day intervals and the trap and ammonia carbonate bait were replaced at monthly intervals or sooner if required. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and means were separated using Fisher's suppression compared to HGW86 combined with Dyne-Amic alone but this could be due to experimental error. Unexpected results may be due to slow activity of the product.


Agent based modeling, as a bottom up simulation method, builds agents in micro level and aggregates the agents behavior to macro level. It has been heavily used in the computational agent economics (CAE) and contributes in a brand new aspect to economics. ASPEN, which is a successful model of this type, provides the researcher in this field with a norm and reference. Meanwhile, the software of SWARM makes it possible for the economists to build agent based model more easily and quickly.


This study aimed to extend the existing research on repatronage behavior of customers in retailing industry. Retailing industry has become one of the sectors contributing a lot to gross domestic products of Malaysia in recent years. This study tries to investigate the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction and identify factors influencing the repatronage behavior of customer. Using Descriptive Analysis, Pearson Correlation, Multiple Regression Analysis, F-test and Reliability Analysis, Statistical Processing SPSS Version 18.0 was applied to analyze the data. Results of the analysis showed that customer satisfaction, perceived value for money and store image are positively and significantly related to repatronage behavior of customers in hypermarket context. Overall, customer satisfaction played a much more significant role in affecting the repatronage intention of the customers. Similarly, service quality was shown as a predictor of customer satisfaction.


Adaptive information source selection during hypothesis testing Andrew T. Hendrickson (firstname.lastname@example.com) Amy F. Perfors (firstname.lastname@example.com) Daniel J. Navarro (firstname.lastname@example.com) School of Psychology, Level 4 Hughes Building, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia Abstract likely to respond YES to only a few possible queries. For in- stance, the category DOGS is sparse because most items are not dogs; most categories are similarly sparse. In situations with sparse hypotheses, generating positive tests with regard to a small subset of hypotheses (or a single, current one) will eliminate a high proportion of potential hypotheses and there- fore minimize uncertainty about the true hypothesis (Navarro & Perfors, 2011). Are people sensitive to hypothesis sparsity? Some evi- dence (Figure 1), from studies in which information requests were limited to evidence requests – random examples of ei- ther positive or negative evidence – has shown the proportion of positive evidence requests increases as sparsity increases (Langsford, Hendrickson, Perfors, & Navarro, in press; Hen- drickson et al., in prep). In the converse case, when people are only permitted to ask about specific examples (instance requests), people are also sensitive to sparsity (Markant & Gureckis, 2013). In both cases, there was an additional bias toward preferring positive tests, although the size of the bias was much stronger for instance requests. None of these studies, however, matches the task of a child learning what floats in water. Allowing only evidence re- quests corresponds to preventing the child from asking about a specific item and allowing only instance requests prevents asking for an example of something that floats or sinks. More generally, they do not map onto the real-world tasks learn- ers face where they can make both types of information re- quests and must choose between them. In the current study we present a task where people were asked to find one correct hypothesis with the option of making an instance request or an evidence request of their choosing. We manipulated the sparsity of the hypotheses and also analyzed the utility of the information requests to evaluate whether people were making choices sensibly. We find that people are sensitive to hypoth- esis sparsity, particularly when it comes to making evidence requests, and in general are sensitive to the utility of the infor- mation in choosing between evidence and instance requests. We consider how the information sources people use to test hypotheses change as the sparsity of the hypotheses – the proportion of items in the hypothesis space they include – changes. Specifically, we focus on understanding how requests for positive and negative evidence, which have been shown to be sensitive to hypothesis sparsity (Hendrickson, Navarro, & Perfors, in prep), are influenced by requests for specific in- stances, which show a positive bias and less sensitivity to spar- sity (Markant & Gureckis, 2013). We find that people modify their information requests as a function of the sparsity of the hypotheses and they do so in this task primarily by by manip- ulating the rate of requesting positive and negative evidence. Furthermore, by simulating the set of possible remaining hy- potheses, we find that people were most likely to select the information source that maximized the expected reduction in uncertainty across hypotheses. We conclude by discussing the implications of these results for models of hypothesis testing. Keywords: Confirmation bias; positive test strategy; hypothe- sis testing; information search; Introduction How does a child learn what will float in water and what will sink? Certainly not by studying the calculus that underlies the equations for density, volume, and buoyancy. Instead, she might start by asking for examples of things that float and things that sink. She might also ask if specific objects float, like a small rock or a duck. If the goal of each information request is to minimize her uncertainty across her hypotheses about what objects float, then on average some types of infor- mation requests are going to be more informative than others, and which kinds of requests are better might change over the course of learning. In this current work we investigate if peo- ple are sensitive to differences in the informativeness of these types of information requests in a game-like task. Foundational studies in the area of hypothesis testing showed that people have a propensity to fixate on one pos- sible hypothesis and be biased to select test queries that gen- erate positive results with respect to that hypothesis in tasks like discovering a number rule in the 2-4-6 number game (Wason, 1960; Klayman & Ha, 1989) or testing a verbal rule in the Wason card selection task (Wason, 1968; Klayman & Ha, 1987). This behavior was originally presented as a de- viation from rational testing strategies since these informa- tion requests did not maximally reduce the uncertainty about which hypothesis was true given the full space of possible hypotheses (Nickerson, 1998). The strategy of selecting tests that are likely to generate positive results is rational in certain domains (Oaksford & Chater, 1994). Positive tests are adaptive when hypotheses are sparse with regard to acceptance – that is, hypotheses are Experiment This experiment evaluates what types of information partic- ipants use when attempting to search through a large set of possible hypotheses. The experiment took the form of a game loosely based on the game "Battleships", where people try to identify the location of ships, but were allowed to make in- formation requests by selecting either a specific instance or a type of evidence. Every possible configuration of the ships was a hypothesis in the set of possible hypotheses and the


PURPOSE
The effect of epicardial radiofrequency ablation (RFA) during normal heart beating was experimentally studied in order to establish safe and effective procedures for RFA.

METHODS
Seven pigs weighing approximately 30 to 50 kg were used in this study. Fifty-one epicardial RFA lesions were created on both atria using a Cobra Cooled probe with continuous internal irrigation of a saline solution. The ablation temperature was fixed at 80 degrees C and the duration of the RFA in each case was 20, 30, 60 and 120 seconds.

RESULTS
There was significant positive correlation between the right and left atria in wall thickness. Transmural coagulation was obtained in 69% of the total specimens, which decreased according to the increase of wall thickness especially over 3 mm. Transmural coagulation was seen in 64% of the specimens after RFA of less than 30 seconds, and 86% after ablation of >or=60 seconds. Occurence of 90% or deeper coagulation was higher in the right atrium than in the left one (97% vs. 78%). Right atrial rupture occurred in a region of 1 mm in thickness after ablation of 60 seconds.

CONCLUSION
Further technical improvements associated with new instruments are indispensable to complete epicardial RFA procedures on a beating heart.


Interhemispheric alpha asymmetry of both stutterers and non-stutterers measured preceding each of five massed oral readings of the same material was investigated. Preliminary results indicated a reduction of alpha over the left hemisphere for non-stutterers, while a reduction for stutterers was found for the right hemisphere. Present results, together with other investigations using dichotic, tachistoscopic, and EEG procedures, suggest right hemispheric processing for the stuttering group as compared with left hemispheric processing for the non-stuttering group.


Sodium alginate was widely used in biomedicine because of its biocompatibility, biodegradability, safety, non-toxicity and easy processing. The development of the application of micelles, microspheres, nanoparticles and hydrogels prepared by sodium alginate polymers in drug release is described in this paper.


The crustaceans dealt with here represent, with one exception, a convergence of body form and live in habitats that are among the most difficult to sample. Bathynellaceans and anaspidaceans are two orders within the superorder Syncarida, whereas spelaeogriphaceans and thermosbaenaceans are two of the smaller orders often grouped in the superorder Peracarida (Richter and Scholtz, 2001; but see Watling, 1999). Bathynellaceans, spelaeogriphaceans, and thermosbaenaceans are all small, less than 1 cm in body length, whereas anaspidaceans can be much larger, up to 5 cm long (Fig. 1). Anaspidaceans are true living fossils, being known from rocks of Permian age before being found alive in freshwater streams and lakes in Tasmania. There are currently 13 genera in four families, with three of the families found in Tasmania and southeastern mainland Australia. The four genera of the remaining family, Stygocarididae, occur in New Zealand and southern South America. The body of anaspidaceans ranges from large and almost shrimp-like to small and somewhat vermiform. Anaspidaceans have long been considered to be primitive malacostracans because of their possession of both epipods and exopods on most thoracic appendages, stalked eyes, biramous second antennae, and lack of differentiation of pleopods. Other families in the order exhibit reductions in several of these characters, undoubtedly associated with the more underground or interstitial habitat each family occupies. The absence of a carapace has, to some workers, argued for a more derived placement of the order. Bathynellaceans are the smaller "cousins" of anaspidaceans, with small vermiform bodies but retaining the essential syncarid features of epipods and exopods on most thoracic appendages. Because they occupy interstitial habitats, many features of the body are reduced, including the loss of eyes and all but the first pair of pleopods. More than 180 species are known. They are arranged into more than 50 genera divided not quite evenly between two families. Known only from caves or aquifers, spelaeogriphaceans are small crustaceans with elongate, delicate bodies. Four species in three genera are known from South Africa, Brazil,


Abstract Allocating a fixed cost among a set of peer decision-making units (DMUs) is one of the most important applications of data envelopment analysis. However, almost all existing studies have addressed the fixed cost allocation (FCA) problem within a traditional framework while ignoring the existence of undesirable outputs. Undesirable outputs are neither scarce in various production activities in real world applications nor trivial in efficiency evaluation and subsequent decision making. Motivated by this observation, this article attempts to explicitly extend the traditional FCA problem to situations in which DMUs are necessarily involved with undesirable outputs. To this end, we first investigate the efficiency evaluation of DMUs considering undesirable outputs based on the joint weak disposability assumption. Then, flexible FCA schemes are considered to revisit the efficiency evaluation process. The results show that feasible allocation schemes exist such that all DMUs can be simultaneously efficient. Furthermore, we define the comprehensive satisfaction degree and develop a satisfaction degree bargaining game approach to determine a unique FCA scheme. Finally, the proposed approach is tested with an empirical study of banking activities based on real conditions.


sociopolitical and historical concepts, or on real-life personalities or groups, but on the representations of these phenomena in mass culture. From the 1960s on, the officially defined values of Soviet civilization were increasingly "delivered" into the Soviet popular consciousness via mass-produced texts, especially film and television narratives. The 1960s and 1970s in the USSR saw not only the coagulation of a way of life (social, material, and intellectual) that provided ample fodder for satire, but also the appearance of a series of texts that provided source material for the topical anekdot cycles that to this day constitute a large portion of the Russian jokelore corpus. El'dar Riazanov's 1962 film, Hussar 's Ballad (Gusarskaia ballada), for example, spawned a cycle about fictional nineteenth-century ballroom lothario Lt. Rzhevskii.30 Vitalii Mel'nikov's 1966 film Head of Chukotka (Nachal'nik Chukotki) helped to inspire a cycle about the Chukchi, one of the "small peoples" (malye narody) of arctic Siberia.31 Shtirlits, the protagonist of Tat'iana Lioznovo's 1973 television miniseries, "Seventeen Moments of Spring" ("Semnadtsat' mgnovenii vesny"), became the hero of an enormous cycle. Two animated series from the late 1960s and early 1970s-one featuring Winnie-the-Pooh (Vinni-pukh) and Piglet (Piatachok), and the other, Crocodile Gena and his furry, big-eared sidekick, Cheburashkagenerated large cycles that are still popular today. The last Soviet visual text to inspire a significant cycle was Igor' Maslennikov's 1979-86 series of television films based on Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories. The most famous cycle of the anekdot's golden age, of course, was inspired by Georgii and Sergei Vasil'evs' 1934 film Chapaev, which enjoyed a renewed surge of popularity beginning with the 1964 celebration of its thirtieth anniversary, after which the film was frequently shown on television and in children's matinees.32 The Stagnation-era anekdot's intertextuality was not limited to cycles that explicitly refer to concrete cultural texts. Many political anekdoty of the time play off official textual representations in much the same way as the above-mentioned "cultural" cycles did. The Lenin jokes of the early 1970s, for example, typically targeted not Lenin's political activities or policies, but the state's packaging of the 1970 Lenin centennial celebration.33 29See http://www.podolsk.ru/newsf.php3?detail=n985061017.news. 3Later, Rzhevskii was often depicted in encounters with another fictional character, Natasha Rostova from Tolstoy's War and Peace, Sergei Bondarchuk's famous screen adaptation of which appeared in 1966-67. 31There is no consensus on the Chukchi cycle's origins. A recent television retrospective of Soviet history named 1972 as the year of the cycle's birth, claiming it was most immediately inspired by a popular song of that year by an indigenous singer from the Chukotka region named Kola Bil'da. The chorus of Bil'da's song went: "An airplane's all right, but reindeer are better!" (Leonid Parfenov, producer, "Namedni-72," NTV, 1998). 32The fact that three of the cycles mentioned-Rzhevskii, Shtirlits, and Chapaev-grew out of films about the Russo-Soviet military past indicates the prominence of that topic in Soviet cultural discourse of the 1960s and 1970s, and also the largely masculine associations of the anekdot (associations that inform the New Russian cycle, as well). 33One of the best-known Lenin jokes of the Stagnation period, which saw both the Lenin Centennial (1970) and the fiftieth anniversary of the October Revolution (1967), was a list of commemorative souvenirs: talcum powder ("Lenin's ashes"), cologne ("Spirit of Lenin"), a triple-wide bed especially for newlyweds ("Lenin is always with us"), and This content downloaded from 22.214.171.124 on Mon, 29 Aug 2016 04:41:40 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms The Wages of Syncretism 45 Brezhnev jokes, too, were inspired as often by the various composed mythologizations of the general secretary's persona as by the political decisions and actions of his administration. The cumulative model of Russo-Soviet history, society, and national character represented in official texts of all varieties provoked, in response, a parallel model, represented in anekdoty. A key question for an analysis of the New Russian cycle is to what extent the cycle also represents a popular collective critical engagement with mass media images and discourse, at a historical moment when all cultural forms are negotiating an ideological interregnum. The Soviet anekdot benefited from having a clearly identified, predictable font of texts to which to react. A related issue, also having to do with intertextuality, is what existing anekdot cycles, motifs, and protagonists were conscripted in the creation of the New Russian cycle? Visually the New Russian is among the most recognized Russian social types of the 1990s: he sports a flat-top buzz cut (strizhka-ezhik);34 he is clean-shaven; his neck is adorned with gold chains; he is thick (muscular or corpulent) in the torso; and his sports jacket is crimson (the proverbial malinovyi pidzhak). He carries a cell phone and/or wears a pager.35 He and his brethren communicate using distinctive slang, as well as a nonverbal lexicon (most famously, the "fanned fingers" [pal'tsy veerom], in which the index finger and pinky are extended, with the other fingers tucked under as in a fist). By far his most indispensable accessory is his car, almost always a Mercedes-600, occasionally a BMW, very rarely a Jeep Cherokee or a Cadillac. He has bodyguards and travels freely around the globe. The anekdot-al New Russian is a type defined by a cluster of behaviors and accessories associated with a single demographic category: the rich. Other standard attributes of the type-stupidity, violence, drunkenness, amorality-are important, but secondary, even optional, but material wealth is de rigueur. The major source of criticism, again, as with nouveaux riches in other contexts,36 is the "old money," represented in the case of postSoviet Russia by the impoverished intelligentsia, which previously held, if not enormous amounts of material wealth, at least a measure of discursive "capital" in Soviet Russia and-just as important-in the West's image of Russia. It is this intelligentsia perspective that is responsible for the jokeloric New Russian's lack of grace and refinement; the jokes, writes Levinson, are "the views of those who are cultured, but poor, toward those who are rich, but uncultured."37 Like other national varieties of nouveaux riches, the New Russian is not merely wealthy, but incompetently and vulgarly wealthy: condoms in the shape of the heads of Lenin himself ("Lenin in you") and his wife, Nadezhda Krupskaia ("Naden'-ka," a pun on the Russian diminutive for Nadezhda and a colloquial way to say "put it on!"). 34The Moscow English-language satirical weekly The eXile coined the term "flatheads" to describe young, thuggish New Russians. 35He has not necessarily mastered the use of them, however: A New Russian says to his wife in surprise, "My Tamagochi is pregnant!" "What?" "Look!" She looks at the display screen, which reads "I'M PREGNANT," and says, "That's not your Tamagochi, stupid. That's your pager!" 36The French rendering of the term "New Russian"-nouveau russe-is a play on nouveau riche. The Russian transliteration of the French-nuvorish-was used before "New Russian" came into common usage. 37Levinson, "'Novye russkie' i ikh sosedi po anekdoticheskim kontekstam," 385. This content downloaded from 18.104.22.168 on Mon, 29 Aug 2016 04:41:40 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms


A compact multi-layered structure is proposed based on the coiled-up space concept for power transformer noise absorption at 100 and 200 Hz. Current methods of constructing multi-band absorbers are impractical for power transformer noise control due to the high coupling effect deteriorating their performance. To overcome this shortcoming, the proposed structure is composed of multiple connected layers creating two separate coiled ducts with adjustable dimensions to minimise the coupling effect. In the modelling stage, the geometrical features are optimised using the genetic algorithm to maximise the absorption coefficient and minimise the thickness. The proposed dual-tone absorber has a thickness of 43.5 mm which is significantly thinner than the existing conventional absorbers. The measurement results on a 3D-printed structure demonstrate the feasibility of the design.


Examining the case law of the ECtHR with special focus on freedom of speech, the paper investigates whether the principle of proportionality shall be regarded as a useful methodological tool in human rights cases adjudication. By discussing the adverse consequences of its widespread invocation, it focuses on three main pathologies of its broad application: the inherent moral nature of human rights, the incommensurable interests which are put on the scale and the wound it causes to the whole concept of Constitution leading to legal instability.


This paper presents a parallelized, dynamic solution adaptive, multi-grid, overset Chimera unstructured finite volume solver for all-speed flows. The methods and schemes applicable for all speeds were implemented in the general-purpose CFD computer code. The hanging node solution adaptation, parallel computing algorithm using MPI libraries, overset chimera grid to allow multiple moving bodies calculation and algebraic multi-grid speeding-up convergence method were all facilitated in the solver. With the enhancement of higher order scheme data reconstruction, higher order upwind-biased differencing, multi-pressure-correction, and Bi-CGSTAB and GMRES matrix solvers, the solver can efficiently and accurately handle flow problems in several cases including benchmark and practical.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


Objective To evaluate the astigmatism changes induced by little corneal incision of phacoemusification guided by topography.Methods Phacoemusification was performed in 119 cases(130 eyes)without suture for a corneal incision.The changes of corneal astigmatism before and after operation were compared among group A(control,incision at the superior),group B(astigmatism with the rule WTR,incision at the superior),and group C(astigmatism against the rule ATR,incision at the temporal).Results Three months after the operation,the surgically induced astigmatism was0.64±0.65D,0.75±0.58Dand 0.69±0.55D in group A,B,C respectively.There was no significant difference statistically(P0.05).The change of corneal astigmatism was increased by 0.07D in group A,but decreased by 0.34D and 0.37D in group B and C.The difference between A and B,A and C,was statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion Surgically induced astigmatism is very small after a corneal incision in phacoemusification without a suture.The results of corneal topography are more reliable to reflect changes in corneal curvature than that of keratometer,and corneal topography has more important clinical value in chooseing the place of incision before surgery and evaluating the changes of astigmatism after surgery.


The invention relates to a phase-change memory body, an electronic system, a reversible resistive memory cell and a providing method. The memory cell comprises a plurality of diversified reversible resistive memory cells. At least one of the reversible resistive memory cells comprises a reversible resistive element coupled to a first supply voltage line; and a diode including at least a first active region and a second active region, wherein the first active region has a first type of dopant and the second region has a second type of dopant. The first active region provides a first terminal of the diode, and the second active region provides a second terminal of the diode. Both the first and second active regions reside in a common well. The first active region is coupled to the reversible resistive element, and the second active region is coupled to a second supply voltage line. The first and second active regions are fabricated from sources or drains of CMOS devices, and the common well is fabricated from a CMOS well. The reversible resistive element is configured to be programmable by applying voltages to the first and the second supply voltage lines to change the resistance into a different logic state in a reversible manner.


Objective:High-expression of chitosanase through the cloning in E.coli and preparation of chitooligosaccharides.Method:A chitosanase(CSN) DNA fragment was amplified from the total DNA of Bacillus subtilis by PCR,and cloned to plasmid pET23a(+).The recombinant plasmid pET23a(+)-CSN was transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3),and the expression was induced by 0.5 mmol/L IPTG.The expressed product was identified by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry,and the recombinant protein was purified by His-Tag Purification Kit.Chitosan was hydrolyzed by purified CSN and the product was analyzed by thin layer chromatography.Result:Mass spectrometry proved that the target protein,with a relative molecular weight of 31.5 kDa,contained about 45% of total protein.The recombinant protein could specifically bind to His-Tag kit,about 95% of recombinant protein was purified and the recovery rate was 85%.The protein concentration was 900 mg/L and the specific activity was 10 000 U/mg.The major hydrolysis products of chitosan were chitodimer,chitotrimer and chitotetramer.Conclusion:The cloned DNA sequence of pET23a(+)-CSN was identical to that of reported CSN cDNA,and the chitosanase was successfully expressed in E.coli.The purified recombinant protein could be used for preparation of chitooligosaccharides.


Abstract To reduce the cost and improve the efficiency of studies, the generalized case-cohort design, in which the risk-factors include the subcohort members sampled by simple random sample from the full cohort, augmented with another subset sampled from the failure of interest outside the subcohort, has been widely used in many prevention trials and epidemiological cohort studies. In modeling process, including prior information about the parameters into consideration can further improve the study efficiency. In this article, regression analysis of Cox's model with parameter constraints under the generalized case-cohort design is studied. A working likelihood function is constructed for the estimation of the model parameters. The asymptotic properties of the constrained estimation are derived by using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. A constrained minorization-maximization algorithm is developed for the calculation of the constrained estimator. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the finite-sample performance of our proposed estimator. We demonstrate the practicability of the proposed approach with a data set from a Wilms tumor study.


We report on microphase separation behaviors of mixed polymer brushes grafted onto an infinitely long cylindri- cal rod by performing polymer self-consistent field theory (SCFT) calculation with "masking" technique. The "masking" technique is especially suitable to deal with systems of confined polymers grafted onto curved surfaces. We have developed a method to solve the morphology of block copolymers confined into complicated topographic surfaces with SCFT. In this paper, this unique technique is extended to solve the SCFT for nanorod grafted by mixed polymer brushes. Furthermore, the use of simple Cartesian grids in a cubic computational cell with periodic boundary conditions makes it possible to solve dif- fusion equations in SCFT by utilizing an efficient and highly accurate pseudo-spectral method involving fast Fourier trans- form. Both parallel rippled phase and ring-shaped phase are predicted. We have investigated the influences of the cylinder radius, grafting density and interaction between the two incompatible grafting polymers on the stability of the two typical phases. Our results show that the system prefers the ring-shaped phase with the increase of the cylinder radius, grafting den- sity and interaction between the two grafting polymers. Phase diagrams involving these parameters are constructed, and we explain the reason of the transition between the parallel rippled phase and ring-shaped phase in terms of the degree of phase segregation. Again, the degree of phase segregation is higher with larger cylinder radius, grafting density and interaction between the two grafting polymers. By comparing the degree of phase segregation and free energy of the parallel rippled and ring-shaped phases at the same condition, we found that the ring-shaped phase favors the entropic part of the free energy while the parallel rippled phase significantly reduces the enthalpy. Therefore, when the degree of phase segregation is low, the free energy of the system is dominated by the enthalpy, leading to the parallel rippled phase; when the degree of phase segregation is high, the free energy of the system is dominated by the entropic part and the ring-shaped phase is stable. We also found that the domain numbers of parallel rippled phase and the period of alternating ring-shaped phase vary with the radius of cylinder. These predictions are expected to be helpful in rational design and fabrication of such novel polymer brushes.


The present invention, materials exhibiting useful immunostimulatory effect for immunotherapy of cancer, in particular induce the production of IFNβ against human immune-related cells, and / or an object to provide a substance that enhances the NK activity . The present invention provides a tumor immunotherapeutic composition comprising immunotherapeutic agent as an active ingredient diRNA containing RNA derived from measles virus, and cell wall skeleton of the immunotherapeutic agent and Gram-positive bacteria. Immunotherapeutic agents of the present invention can enhance the immune defenses of the human against neoplastic like such as foreign substances or cancer such as bacteria, it can be extremely safe medicament.


The structure and 2 α + 2 p breakup of 10 C, the only known Brunnian nucleus, has been studied at 33.3 MeV/nucleon. The breakup kinematics were used to reconstruct the 10 C → 9 B + p , 9 B → 8 Be + p , 8 Be → α + α and 10 C → 6 Be + α , 6 Be → 5 Li + p , 5 Li → α + p decay paths. Proton emission was seen to be favored. The decay of excited states at E x = 4.20, 5.31 and 6.74 MeV was observed. The previously unobserved state at 4.20 MeV may correspond to a J π = 0 + α +2 p + α cluster structure.


Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) is a subclass of Mobile ad hoc networks which provides a distinguished approach for Intelligent Transport System (ITS). VANET's provide communication between vehicles moving on the roads. Congestion detection and control in VANET is essential and necessary for smart ITS in order to avert an accident. Special considerations are required to develop more sophisticated techniques to avoid and detect congestion. The constrained resources of the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) must be considered while devising such technique to achieve the maximum throughput. In this paper we have implemented congestion detection in a collision avoidance scenario in two routing protocols, AODV and DYMO, on the basis of sent and received beacons and packets dropped while nodes communicate with each other or the Base Stations. This paper also discusses and compares the advantages/disadvantages of AODV and DYMO based on battery usage, energy used in transmit mode, throughput, message received and sent. The various ways of congestion control are further discussed.


Purpose: This study was performed to assess the incidence of generalized ligament laxity in patients undergoing revision shoulder stabilization. Methods and Results: Prospective data was collected for 21 patients undergoing revision shoulder stabilization and 43 patients with clavicle fractures as a control group, between 2004 and 2009 under the care of orthopaedic surgeons at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh including demographic details, type of primary stabilization and causes of failure. Clinical examination was used to assess the ligament laxity using the Beighton score. Laxity is scored on a 0–9 scale. Scores of 4 or above are indicative of generalized ligament laxity. Brighton criteria is used to diagnose Benign Joint Hypermobility Syndrome (BJHS) and use signs and symptoms along with Beighton score. The most common primary procedure for shoulder instability was open stabilization in 15 patients (75%). The most common cause of failure was trauma in 14 patients (67%). The mean age was 29 years with a range from 22–58 years. There were 16 males and 5 females. The average Beighton score for patients undergoing revision shoulder stabilization was 2.8 with a range from 0–7. 13 patients (61%) in this group had a Beighton score of 4 or more as compared to 12 patients (27%) in the control group. This difference was statistically significant with a P value of 0.018. 11 patients (52%) fulfilled the Brighton criteria for BJHS. Conclusion: We found that there is a high incidence (61%) of generalized ligament laxity in patients undergoing revision shoulder stabilization. Trauma is a common (67%) cause of failure in these patients. Patients with generalized ligament laxity should be made aware about the high failure rate after shoulder stabilization at their primary surgery and appropriate advice about rehabilitation should be given.


This chapter contains sections titled: * Introduction: A Brief Personal History * Secondary Phosphines or Phosphites as Supramolecular Ligands * Host-Guest Catalysis * Ionic Interactions as a Means to Form Heterobidentate Assembly Ligands * Ditopic Ligands for the Construction of Bidentate Phosphine Ligands * Conclusions and Outlook


Fin baffle packing was invented for extending gas and liquid contacting time,keeping rotating packed bed smooth running,and solving the problem of entrainment,etc.The running state and mass transfer property of rotating packed bed with multi-fin baffle packing were investigated with methanol/water mix solution at average high gravity factor β of 20.9-130.6,reflux ratio R of 1.5-4,feedstock flow q of 25-50 L/h,and atmospheric pressure.The experimental data show that the methanol mass fraction of distillate increases firstly and then decreases with the average high gravity factor β and the feedstock flow R,and increases with the reflux ratio,which can reach 99%(mass fraction)at the optimum operating conditions of β= 51.5,R= 4 and q = 35 L/h.With MATLAB software,the significance of operating conditions from high to low level is sequenced by reflux ratio,average high gravity factor and feedstock flow.


Objective. Difference in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) prevalence between Russia and European Union may be caused by life style risk factors. Long period of common history and close geographic position allows to compare the nutrition behavior in North-West region of Russia and Estonia. Design and methods. As a part of collaborative study between Almazov FMRC and DIfE (IDAMES project), 131 inhabitants from St. Petersburg and 70 from Estonia randomly selected 18-65 y/o were interviewed by European food propensity questionnaire (EPFQ), translated and adapted to Russian and Estonian languages. It contained questions about frequency of main food groups consumption during last year. Informed consent and data regarding smoking status and anthropometry (height, weight with body mass index (BMI) calculation) were obtained from all participants. Results. Between Russia and Estonia no difference in smoking status and BMI were revealed (28,57 % and 24,81 % of current smokers; 26,32 kg/m 2 and 26,28 kg/m 2 for BMI respectively). Estonians take meat 2 times more frequent compared to Russian inhabitants. Estonian women consume 1,5 times more bread and fish than Russian, drink 2 to 5 times more alcohol. Russian men take more fruits and vegetables, 5 times more strong drinks, but 2 time less beer compared to Estonian men. Consumption levels of milk, semi-processed products, eggs, rice, pasta and sweets were comparable between groups. conclusion. Obtained data show differs in Estonia and in St. Petersburg eating behavior in spite of close geographical position and common history as well as comparable prevalence of smoking and obesity. Estonians have higher meat intake. Gender analysis surprisingly showed that Estonian females take more alcohol than Russian females. Russian males keep superiority in strong drinks consumption but have better level of fruits/vegetable intake and drink less beer.


There is now a consensus on the need for medical treatment with a somatostatin analog for acromegalic patients when surgery has failed or is contraindicated, or while waiting for the effects of pituitary irradiation. Extensive experience has been accumulated with octreotide, the first available somatostatin analog, which must be injected s.c. three times daily (1). Two long-lasting forms of somatostatin analogs, octreotide LAR (long-acting release) (2) and lanreotide PR (prolonged release) (3) are now available. Both depot formulations consist of active compounds encapsulated within microspheres of a biodegradable polylactidepolyglycolide copolymer. After i.m. injection, both formulations result in a biphasic drug release. However, the pharmacokinetic profiles of the two formulations are quantitatively different. With the need for only one (octreotide LAR) or two to three monthly injections (lanreotide PR), these analogs markedly improve the quality of life of patients requiring long-term medical therapy. After the initial trials testing each of these prolonged-release forms and with regard to the experience accumulated by numerous clinicians, the questions which now arise are the following: (i) Do, nowadays, all acromegalic patients who require medical treatment for their disease, need to be treated with long-acting forms of somatostatin analogs, instead of short-acting octreotide? In other words, have longacting forms of somatostatin analogs been proven to be at least as effective and as well tolerated as short-acting octreotide? (ii) Are the two available long-acting forms of somatostatin analogs comparable in terms of therapeutic efficacy? (iii) Finally, how will these two somatostatin analogs compare with pegvisomant, the new growth hormone (GH) receptor antagonist, whose efficacy and tolerance have been very recently published?


The paper puts forward a hypothesis about the possible integration of risk assessment methods in order to minimize them in investment and construction projects, for that the problems of risk minimization in the management and implementation of construction projects are considered. A critical review of existing methods of risk analysis is carried out and a method of risk minimization is proposed based on the creation of a "Construction risk Informatoria" and methods for optimizing the reallocation of resources according to the minimum time criterion, which determines the risk of lost profits. The example of the use of risk minimization methods in the optimization procedure for network models of low-rise building construction is given, and the composition of the application of mathematical methods and models that contribute to increasing the economic effect in this area is described. As a result, effective recommendations were developed in the form of tools for monitoring the dynamics of construction work to prevent risk situations.


The continued growth of metastatic tumour cells in distant organs, as a result of dissemination of tumour cells from primary site, is a major cause of mortality in human/animal cancer patients. A mechanistic understanding of the metastatic process and development of antimetastatic modalities may bring down morbidity and mortality. The present study was undertaken to study the metastatic behaviour of four types of human tumours in non-obese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficient (NOD SCID) mice. Fresh human tumours of breast, brain, oral cavity and muscle origin collected from the operation theater of the Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC) by the Biorepository Laboratory, ACTREC, were obtained for this study and were implanted surgically under subcutis of the NOD SCID mice. Acceptance of the tumour in these mice was ascertained histologically as well as by PCR using short tandem repeat (STR) methods. Metastases in lungs and liver, if any, was screened histologically and by STR methods. Breast, brain, oral cavity and muscle tumour did not show lungs or liver metastases. However, lungs DNA samples from some of the breast, brain and oral cavity tumour transplanted mice could confirm the presence of circulating tumour cells by PCR method. Further long term studies are required to establish use of SCID mice, for xenografts of histologically intact tissues of serially transplanted tumour, as useful model for study of metastases.


The intention of this text is to expose some discussions on the production of virtual knowledge that has been developing through distance-Learning education-EaD. For this purpose analyzed the geographical categories time/space from the perspective of historical materialism. The main objective is to contribute to the development of concepts, understanding and finding ways to bring the practice of science in the light of geographical events and technological perspective, the new epistemological constructions from the practice of geographic education online. In this sense, is reflected on the ICT-Information technologies, with a view to drawing up arguments to support the doctoral research issue, Abordagens epistemologicas sobre a Geografia virtual no norte de Minas Gerais, which is being developed at the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia- MG. Without exhaustive, this approach uses time/space analysis developed in some works of Milton Santos and, from post-modern condition of David Harvey. Through this analysis it was possible to reflect new perceptions of time/space that appear instantly in the virtual networks from the current transformations of society.


The permeability of coal is a key parameter affecting coal and gas outbursts and coal seam gas drainage. The permeability is clearly affected by geo-stress. In this study, the influence of the axial pressure on the permeability of the coal seam was studied using a self-developed true triaxial stress permeability experimental device to set fixed gas and confining pressures, and to change the magnitude of the axial pressure. The experimental results show a polynomial relationship between the axial pressure and the permeability of the coal seam. With an increase in axial pressure, the permeability initially decreased slightly and then increased gradually. When the axial pressure exceeded 30 MPa, the permeability of the coal seam sharply increased. This may be due to plastic deformation of the coal seam under a large axial pressure, resulting in new fractures and significantly improving the permeability of the coal seam. Using the COMSOL numerical simulation software, the effect of in situ stress on the coal seam gas drainage efficiency was calculated by comprehensively considering the adsorption/desorption, diffusion, and seepage of gas. The calculation results show that with an increase in the axial pressure, the gas drainage efficiency of the coal seam increases continuously. As the axial pressure increased from 5 to 30 MPa, the gas drainage efficiency increased to 2–3 times that of the original value.


Following the tremendous success of his first book, Tom Wolfe now offers his most popular wood-carving with step-by-step instructions. Tom attributes the popularity of his Pig Pickin' carving to nostalgia. This work harkens people back to a simpler time, when the hog harvest was a community event. Everyone shared in the festivities...and the food. Tom makes the directions clear and each step is illustrated with a photograph. Because the book starts with the bandsawing of the pattern and continues through the painting, even a novice should be able to complete the project. At the same time, the seasoned carver will benefit from Tom's technique and expertise, and everyone will enjoy Tom's anecdotes about country life.


A model of high recycling scrape‐off layer plasmas in tokamaks is presented where both ion and electron species are described by nonlinear kinetic equations. Coulomb and charged‐neutral particle collisions are included. The ambipolar electric field and electrostatic sheath potential are evaluated self‐consistently. Two models of fluid neutral transport are used to distinguish the neutral density variation for different tokamak divertor geometries. These models are incorporated into a comprehensive three‐dimensional (1‐D, 2 V) hybrid collisional particle‐in‐cell–Monte Carlo code W1 [Contrib. Plasma Phys. 34, 436 (1994)]. This code is used to investigate the effects of neutrals on divertor plasma detachment phenomena and on parallel heat and particle fluxes in the presence of strong gradients where fluid descriptions break down. Results are given for simulations of detached and attached divertor plasmas, and comparisons are made with solutions from a one‐dimensional fluid model and with experimental observa...