Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that was developed for the treatment of B cell lymphomas.1 It is directed against the CD20 cell surface molecule.2 CD20 is a tetraspan membrane protein that is present only on B cells, and is expressed initially at the immature B cell stage, remaining until the final differentiation into plasma cells. The function of CD20 is not clear, although it may play some role in signalling or in calcium mobilisation.3 Curiously, mice that were genetically engineered to lack CD20 (CD20 knockout mice) have not shown any clear defects in their B cells.4 Nevertheless, the specificity of CD20 for the B cell lineage, and its failure to be easily shed or internalised, has made it an excellent target for depletion by monoclonal antibodies. Not only does rituximab kill CD20+ lymphoma cells, but it also substantially depletes normal B cells from the peripheral blood.5 Tissue depletion also occurs, but is perhaps less profound, and in any case has been little documented in patients.6 The mechanism of B cell depletion appears to be a combination of FcRγ dependent ADCC (antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxocity), complement mediated lysis, and apoptosis,7 although the relative contributions of these mechanisms in vivo remains to be determined, In addition, stimulation of the inhibitory FcRγIIB may also play a role in rituximab therapeutic effects.8

In 1997, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved rituximab for the treatment of low grade non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphomas.9 Since that time, it has been used in over 500 000 patients with generally excellent tolerability. Largely through a series of investigator sponsored trials supported in part by Genentech (South San Francisco, CA), the use of rituximab has been extended to a much wider spectrum of B cell malignancies, and strikingly, …


The smart card system has become an essential part of the digital campus. Recently the solutions based on SaaS in China have become popular for the advantages of less upfront investment, good service quality and convenience maintainability. But in colleges and universities there are many challenges. In this paper, we discussed the solutions for three challenges: personalized demand, system integration and information utilization. Firstly, it was suggested that different users should select the private cloud or public cloud mode. Next, the campus smart card system model based on SaaS was proposed. The model with layered architecture has good configurability, flexibility and integration metrics. Then, several methods were put forward to solve the integration between the card systems with other information systems. In addition, the IA theory was applied in the information retrieval, and the intelligent analysis examples of the card business data were discussed. At last we considered five kinds of configurability: data, function, workflow, portal and smart card, and a configurability management system based on metadata was presented.


Concentration‐discharge (C‐Q) relationships are often used to quantify source water contributions and biogeochemical processes occurring within catchments, especially during discrete hydrological events. Yet, the interpretation of C‐Q hysteresis is often confounded by complexity of the critical zone, such as numerous source waters and hydrochemical nonstationarity. Consequently, researchers must often ignore important runoff pathways and geochemical sources/sinks, especially the hyporheic zone because it lacks a distinct hydrochemical signature. Such simplifications limit efforts to identify processes responsible for the transience of C‐Q hysteresis over time. To address these limitations, we leverage the hydrologic simplicity and long‐term, high‐frequency Q and electrical conductivity (EC) data from streams in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. In this two end‐member system, EC can serve as a proxy for the concentration of solutes derived from the hyporheic zone. We utilize a novel approach to decompose loops into subhysteretic EC‐Q dynamics to identify individual mechanisms governing hysteresis across a wide range of timescales. We find that hydrologic and hydraulic processes govern EC response to diel and seasonal Q variability and that the effects of hyporheic mixing processes on C‐Q transience differ in short and long streams. We also observe that variable hyporheic turnover rates govern EC‐Q patterns at daily to interannual timescales. Last, subhysteretic analysis reveals a period of interannual freshening of glacial meltwater streams related to the effects of unsteady flow on hyporheic exchange. The subhysteretic analysis framework we introduce may be applied more broadly to constrain the processes controlling C‐Q transience and advance understanding of catchment evolution.


Milk thistle (silybum marianum) is a famous dietary supplement widely used in the United States and Europe. Silbinin is a major biologically active compound of milk thistle and has strong antioxidant and radical scavenger activities. Anticancer activities, as well as chemopreventive effects on various cancer cell lines, including prostate, lung, colon, skin, and bladder, have also been reported in silbinin. In the present study, we investigated the anticancer effects of silibinin and apoptosis through cell cycle arrest on prostate cancer cell PC-3. We performed cell viability by MTT assay and western blotting to confirm cell cycle check point proteins such as cyclin A/D1/E and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2/4/6. To quantify silibinin-induced apoptotic cell death of PC-3, Annexin V and PI double staining was performed by flow cytometry, by which its cell distribution was determined. As a result, silibinin inhibited the cell growth of PC-3 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and its treatment resulted in cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Also the level of cell cycle check point proteins (cyclin, CDK) was decreased by silibinin in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, we suggest that apoptosis of prostate cancer cell line PC-3 induced by silibinin is associated with cell cycle arrest through decrease of cell cycle check point proteins, caspase-3 activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage.


Living conditions in Turkey has been changed considerably during Covid-19 pandemic. This phase has changed people's normal lives, habits such as eating, resting, and shopping and pushed them to different pursuits. This study aimed to obtain data on the consumption preferences of medicinal and aromatic plants. The survey was conducted in the autumn of 2020. Choices and health services that are effective in the consumption of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant (MAP) of consumers are estimated by statistics and logit regression model to the data obtained from the surveys. It was determined that the coronavirus pandemic increased the consumption of medicinal and aromatic plants by 76%. The plants with the highest consumption during the pandemic were recorded as rosehip, linden, mint, and ginger. Green tea and udihindi were the most consumed medicinal and aromatic plants per month. According to logit regression analysis results;age, duration of use, price, benefit, side effect, access to the chemical, additive, and hope variables increased the consumption of medicinal and aromatic plants and the likelihood of purchasing during the pandemic. It is thought that consumption of MAPs will become widespread and increase during the pandemic.


WebTalk is a system for analyzing unstructured information from company Websites to support automatic creation of spoken dialog applications. The goal is to completely automate the process of building, maintaining and deploying dialog applications by leveraging the wealth of information on the World Wide Web. WebTalk employs technologies in Web mining, document understanding, question/answering, and speech and language processing. In this paper, we review extensions to these technologies to make them suitable for creating a WebTalk application. We present an evaluation study of a WebTalk spoken dialog system that has been instantiated on a telecom company Website. Experiments with 30 different scenarios indicate promising results and provide evidence that such systems can potentially revolutionize the paradigm for creating and scaling spoken dialog services


Research on much temporal sequence association rules mining has an important practical meaning,so this paper research on temporal sequence association rule mining based on improved FP-tree is proposed。Experimental results indicated that the proposed method has improved the efficiency of customer temporal sequence association rule mining。


investigating the pragma-rhetorical strategies utilized in the context of Deedat-Swaggart's debate. To fulfill the aims, it is hypothesized that debaters utilize certain rhetorical pragmatics strategies: figures of speech ( metaphor, allusion , irony, rhetorical question, and hyperbole ), argumentation appeals ( logos, pathos, ethos ), and politeness strategies ; and highlighting the rules that have to be fulfilled to produce a successful speech act of persuasion. The study employs a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) to analyze the data and to verify or reject the hypotheses. The results of the study reveal that the most frequent pragmatic strategies utilized by debate are: rhetorical questions, logos, and off record politeness strategies, whereas Swaggart highly employs: metaphor, ethos, and off record politeness strategies . The results have also shown that Deedat's arguments are stronger and more persuasive than Swaggart's in terms of satisfying the rules of the successful speech act of persuasion.


Generalized two-dimensional (2D) correlation vibrational spectroscopy has been used to study N-methylacetamide (NMA) as a function of temperature. It has been found that all the major bands of NMA are shifted in frequency as the temperature is raised. This gives rise to the appearance of new features in the 2D plots. These new features are not true bands, because they are not fundamental normal modes of vibration, but correspond to difference bands used to generate the correlation plots. Analysis of the amide I region of the spectrum suggests that transition dipole coupling plays a key role in the splitting of the amide I band in the liquid state.


Twenty three species of lizards were recorded in Mts. PalaypalayMataas-Na-Gulod Protected Landscape. Belonging to four families; Agamidae is represented by three species, Gekkonidae with seven species, Scincidae with twelve species and Varanidae with one species. Fifty two percent of the species in Mts. Palaypalay-Mataas-Na-Gulod Protected Landscape is endemic which is dominated by forest species. Lizard diversity decreases with increase in elevation. Three major habitats (forest, stream and human habitation) were observed to be occupied by the species and habitat overlaps were observed as some species can occupy all habitat types. INTRODUCTION There is more to the study of the distribution of organisms and species assemblage than simply documentation. Studies in phylogenetics, biogeography, conservation, and management require distribution data on their investigations. Also, considering the rates by which natural habitats are destroyed or altered because of burgeoning human population, the need to discover and protect wildlife populations become more apparent. Human activities aggravated by natural phenomena have rendered wildlife species with limited population size vulnerable to extinction. Despite the current success on environmental awareness, many organisms need to be surveyed (Kanapi, 1988), identified and properly documented to assess their conditions and determine to what extent they are affected by human-induced ecological problems. This study presents baseline information on the species accounts and distribution of lizards of Mts. Palay-palay Mataas-Na-Gulod Protected Landscape (MPMNGPL). Mts. Palaypalay-Mataas-Na-Gulod Protected Landscape (MPMNGPL) in Ternate Cavite has a total land area of 3,973.13 has and rises about 650 m above sea level. It was proclaimed as a wildlife sanctuary on October 26, 1976 by virtue of proclamation No. 1594 as National Park and was changed to a Protected Landscape by the virtue of Proclamation No. 1315 signed on June 27, 2007. The protected area is situated in the municipalities of Maragondon


Chenopodium ambrosioides L. is known in many parts of Brazil for its medicinal properties, mainly used to control intestinal worms. Its genetic diversity is little studied. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability of 16 accessions of C. ambrosioides from the cocoa region of Bahia State, Brazil, by the RAPD technique (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). Only 6.9% of the 216 amplified RAPD bands were polymorphic and the pattern of dispersion of individuals showed no clustering related to sample site. Therefore, there is low variability among accessions and it is distributed among the accessions from the entire sampled region.


We describe a new adaiptive-integration-time image sensor based on a column parallel architecture which has 128×64 pixels. In this prototype. the scheme to control integration time is greatly extended, and the pixel pitch, processing speed, and power consumption are improved compared with our previous version. Both the in time and output timing are decided the combination of three elements : motion detection, saturation detection. and external signal control. We have fabricated the prototype using the CMOS 0.8 μm process and show the results or some experiments.


Now days, world web has most famous because of web as well as internet increased development and its effect is that there are more requirements of the techniques that are used to improve the effectiveness of locating the deep-web interface. A technique called as a web crawler that surfs the World Wide Web in automatic manner. This is also called as Web crawling or spidering. In proposed system, initial phase is Smart Crawler works upon site-based scanning for mediatory pages by implementing search engines. It prevents the traffic that colliding with huge amount of pages. Accurate outcomes are taken due to focus upon crawl. Ranking of websites is done on the basis of arrangements on the basis of the priority valuable individuals and quick in-site finding through designing most suitable links with an adaptive link-ranking. There is always trying to search the deep web databases that doesn't connected with any of the web search tools. They are continuous insignificantly distributed as well as they are constantly modifying. This issue is overcome by implementing two crawlers such as generic crawlers and focused crawlers. Generic crawlers aggregate every frame that may be found as well as it not concentrate over a particular subject. Focused crawlers such as Form-Focused


Reproductive justice is a framework encompassing reproductive and sexual health and rights in a social justice lens that targets reproductive oppression inflicted through multiple systems of oppression of race, class, and gender. In this paper, we aim to highlight the importance and relevance of adopting a Reproductive Justice framework, as opposed to a reproductive rights one, in order to build cross-movement solidarities that organize against the multiplicity of oppressions and inequalities facing women and trans* persons in Lebanon. Through a Reproductive Justice lens, we analyze the points of convergence of citizenship, migration, refuge, domestic violence, intimate partner violence, sexual violence, access to sexual and reproductive health services, in addition to gender identity and sexual orientation, adoption and assisted reproductive technologies, and environmental justice. Mobilizing under Reproductive Justice as a holistic framework, and away from operating in silos within the confines of singular rights, connects different struggles and creates a remarkable opportunity for cross-movement building and solidarities.


Crystal structure and magnetic properties of the NdCo9.5-xFexV2.5 compounds with x=0-3.5 have been investigated. The lattice parameters increase linearly with the Fe content and the Curie temperature increases substantially at small amount of Fe content and then gradually with the further increase of x. A domain-wall pinning phenomenon was observed in all of the compounds and becomes less obvious as x increases. At a higher field, the compounds exhibit a field-induced metamagnetic transition. The critical field for the metamagnetic transition increases first then decreases with the Fe content, whereas the difference of the magnetization between 14 and 5 T increases with x. The observation can be understood by considering an interplay of the volume expansion, enhanced exchange coupling parameter J(RT) and the T sublattice moment mu(T) due to the Fe substitution for Co. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics.


Natural products or byproducts have always been con sidered as the safest medicament for humans especially for treating the diseases. Propolis, a r esinous honey bee extract is one of such medicament which has proven itself to be successful in is based on its antimicrobial, anti an overview of different applications and uses of p r polis in the field of dentistry.


SUMMARY The network technology used to provide services to the automated substation is undergoing a fundamental evolution from serial and TDM to Ethernet and Internet Protocol (IP). This has introduced the need for security to be added into the network. This paper, based on nearly a decade of experience by Transpower (the New Zealand transmission company), provides a framework and a set of tools for undertaking the design process needed to introduce security systems into these new IP networks. It aims to provide a case study and practical guide which can be followed to lead the reader through this often difficult process. The paper addresses a number of areas including;  Business Problem and Functionality issues  Tools used create a common vocabulary within an organisation used to express the factors which influence the solution,  Architecture and Design issues  Concepts to consider for the ongoing support of the solution and  A sample reference architecture


Three practical synthetic entries of functionalized 6-fluoro-7-substituted indole derivatives were developed in connection with the preparation of 7-fluoro-8-substituted-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indole-1-acetic acid derivatives 11. The first route, which permits group modification about position 8 of the pyranoindole skeleton, employs 2-bromo-3-fluoroaniline (18) as a key intermediate, the preparation of which was achieved by either a novel ortho metalation of 15 or via the intermediacy of 22. The second route utilizes 32 to append a terminally functionalized three carbon side chain onto the indole template and in addition leads to 43 from 40. The third route to the 7-fluoro-8-substituted-pyranoindole skeleton complements route two in that the synthetic pathway exploits 32 in a nucleophilic fashion to construct a terminally functionalized two carbon appendage onto the indole nucleus.


Pain is a natural protective gift but postoperative pain or its abnormal persistence, has a lot of harmful effects. Postoperative pain is associated with delayed recovery from surgery, hypoventilation and its consequences, delayed ambulation with increased thromboembolic phenomenon, increased sympathetic stimulation with consequent tachycardia, hypertension and increased cardiac work load. Poorly relieved and prolonged pain may produce negative physical and psychological effects leading to sleeplessness, depression and psychosomatic changes. Hence this study is undertaken to evaluate Inj. neostigmine methylsulphate as spinal additive to evaluate their feasibility for postoperative pain relief. Objective 1. Comparison of postoperative analgesia-duration and quality 2. Postoperative vitals monitoring 3. Assessment for need of analgesic, if any 4. Occurrence of side effects if any.


ABSTRACT The in vitro metabolism of steroid hormones in a masculinovoblastoma has been investigated. Studies with testosterone and androstenedione revealed a metabolic block at the aromatization step. The tumor exhibited the capacity to form small quantities of 21- but not 11-hydroxylated compounds from 4-C14-progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone. With the exception of the aromatization process, the tumor appeared to metabolize progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone in essentially the same manner as normal ovary. The similarity of the steroid metabolic pattern to that of normal ovarian tissue indicates that it was not derived from ectopic adrenal tissue. Rather, it appears to have originated from ovarian cells that have lost their capacity to aromatize ring A. A block at the aromatizing step would be expected to result in an accumulation of androstenedione and related compounds that would be conducive to the masculinizing effects observed in this disease.


Based on frequency conversion technology,reform is made in the cooling water circulation system of central air conditioning.Firstly the existing high energy consumption problems is analysed on the central air conditioning system,variable frequency energy saving principle is elaborated,then the temperature difference closed-loop control design on the regulation PID is given.Finally the inverter and PLC control circuit is designed.This study provides guidance for the reform of central air conditioning in design or using departments.


The Pt3Ni(111) alloy is characterized by the presence of an outermost surface layer only composed by Pt atoms, i.e. the so-called Pt skin, which is at the basis of its outstanding performances in oxygen reduction reaction. The growth of graphene on this alloy is further motivated by the realization of a charge-neutral Gr/metal gate, which can be replaced by a p-doped Gr/oxide/metal configuration upon heating in an oxygen environment. Herein, we have followed the complete reaction pathway starting with adsorbed hydrocarbons and ending with the large-scale growth of a graphene overlayer. Experiments using temperature-programmed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have been carried out for different conditions (C2H4 dose and sample temperature). Sub-monolayer graphene (0.08 ML) is reached upon heating at T=1000 K an ethene monolayer dosed at T=80 K. Conversely, monolayer graphene domains are achieved for C2H4 cracking at T=800 K. We also find that carbon atoms dissolved into the bulk segregate toward the substr...


Prolactinomas usually lead to infertility and medical treatment restores fertility. Prolactinoma size might increase during pregnancy (2.1% for microprolactinomas and 21% for macroprolactinomas). In this review article, multiple aspects of prolactinomas care during and before pregnancy were discussed. Dopamine agonists are the treatment of choice, if indicated during pregnancy (cabergoline and bromocriptine, while quinagolide is not recommended). It is recommended to stop dopamine agonists in patients with microprolactinoma during pregnancy and follow the patients for mass effect symptoms and visual disturbances every trimester. Dopamine agonists could be stopped as well in patient with intra-seller macroprolactinomas with more frequent clinical follow ups during pregnancy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without contrast is indicated for patients suspected to have tumor enlargement. Dopamine agonists (cabergoline or bromocriptine) are the treatment of choice for invasive/metastatic macroprolactinomas during pregnancy, and neurosurgery is rarely indicated.


This paper presents a cryptographic system based on cellular automata (CA) theory. The entire encryption system is implemented in reconfigurable hardware (FPGA) and it is used to protect data sent over the internet. It is shown how a series of simple elements called "cells" interact between each other using certain rules and topologies to form a larger system further used to encrypt/decrypt data. The complexity analysis of the specific security system has been discussed in support of the fact that simple, modular hardware oriented design of CA based security is ideally suited for network communications. An experimental hardware platform based on a reconfigurable FPGA of type Spartan 3E Starter Board - XC3S500E was used in order to verify the proposed encryption algorithm.


A procedure for measuring the acoustic scattering matrix coefficients of a duct discontinuity for higher order acoustic duct mode propagation conditions is described and tested. The technique requires measurement of pressure waves per mode coming in and out of the discontinuity. Assuming N cut-on modes, the (2N)2 scattering matrix coefficients are determined after repeating the experiment for N linearly independent pressure distributions for at least two load configurations. Experiments were conducted for a straight duct and a reactive chamber. A good agreement was found between experiment and theory except near cut-off frequencies. The overdetermination method based on four loads was shown to improve the results. An analytical simulation of the experiment was developed to compute the influence on the [S] calculation of an error in temperature and total modal pressure assumed to be representative of a real measurement situation. This simulation with a discussion explains the discrepancies between experime...


Among the various environmental indicators in the home interior, the temperature and humidity values have the most obvious impact on people's quality of life. In order to increase the degree of intelligence in home life, this paper designs an indoor temperature and humidity prediction model based on BP neural network. Compared with the multi-step prediction method and the rolling prediction method, the single-step prediction method has a higher prediction accuracy rate in the short-term prediction range, so the temperature and humidity prediction model uses single-step prediction to realize the prediction of the indoor temperature and humidity value at a certain time in the future. In order to verify the prediction effect of the model, the temperature and humidity values of a household for the first 365 days of 2016 are used as training data to determine the prediction model, and the temperature and humidity values of the last day are used as the verification values of the predicted values, simulation analysis through MATLAB shows that the indoor temperature and humidity prediction model has a good prediction effect.


Themechanisms bywhichcells rapidly po- larize inthedirection ofexternal signals arenotunderstood. Helper Tcells, whencontacted byanantigen-presenting cell, polarize their cytoskeletons toward theantigen-presenting cell within minutes. Hereweshowthat, inTcells, themammalian Ras-related GTPaseCDC42(the homologue ofyeast CDC42, a protein involved inbudding polarity) canregulate the polarization ofbothactin andmicrotubules toward antigen- presenting cells butisnotinvolved inother T-cell signaling processes suchasthosewhichculminate ininterleukin 2 production. Although T-cell polarization appears dispensable forsignaling leading tointerleukin 2production, polarization maydirect lymphokine secretion towards thecorrect antigen- presenting cell inacrowded cellular environment. Inhibitor experiments suggest thatphosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is required forcytoskeletal polarization butthatcalcineurin activity, knowntobeimportant forother aspects ofsignaling, isnot.Apparent conservation ofCDC42function between yeast andT cells suggests thatthisGTPaseisa general regulator ofcytoskeletal polarity inmanycell types.


A simplified calculation method for estimating a flight limit load of the V-band clamp separation shock was established. With this method, the flight limit load is estimated through addition of an appropriate envelope margin to the results acquired with the simplified analysis method proposed in our previous paper. The envelope margin used in the method was calculated based on the reviews on the differences observed between the results of a pyroshock test and the analysis. Using the derived envelope margin, a calculating formula of the flight limit load, which envelopes the actual pyroshock responses with a certain probability, was developed. Based on the formula, flight limit loads for several actual satellites were estimated and compared to the test results. The comparative results showed that the estimated flight limit loads appropriately envelope the test results, which confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Objective: Evaluation of the eff ectiveness and identifi cation of the benefi ts of a video-assisted fi stula treatment method using fi stuloscopy, in comparison with traditional methods of surgical treatment of complex forms of chronic paraproctitis, trans- and extrasphincteric, relapsing rectal fi stulas. Materials and methods : A complex analysis of the results of surgical treatment was carried out in 228 patients with chronic paraproctitis, transphincteric, ectrasphincteric, including recurrent rectal fi stulas, divided into three groups (main and two control), depending on the surgical methods of chronic paraproctitis used. Results : the result of surgical treatment of pararectal fi stulas in the three study groups was compared. Th e eff ectiveness of treatment was assessed by the results of immediate and long-term postoperative period. It has been established that the use of a video-assisted fi stula treatment method using fi stuloscopy excludes the presence of an extensive postoperative wound in the perianal region, which signifi cantly reduces the likelihood of its secondary infection, and the sphincter trauma, and in fact virtually eliminates its insuffi ciency. Th e use of video-assisted method of treatment of fi stulas made it possible to reduce the number of postoperative complications. Conclusions . Th e fi nal results (92.7% of favorable outcomes) allow us to recommend a video-assisted treatment for fi stulas for wide practical implementation.


This review discusses the phenomenon of impaired self-awareness after brain injury. Examples of theoretical models influential in the understanding of impaired self- awareness are described. On a cognitive level, executive processes are implicated in the construction of self-awareness. A review of the empirical literature on the role of executive function in impaired self-awareness after brain injury is reported, in which ten relevant studies are reviewed. The most prevalent method of assessing impaired self-awareness has been by questionnaire. Impaired executive functioning was found to be associated with impaired self-awareness in the majority of studies. This is despite variations in the way impaired self-awareness and executive functions were assessed, and mixed patient samples with regard to severity and cause of brain injury, lesion location, time since injury, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and whether they had received rehabilitation. Recommendations for future research are made.


We demonstrated a back-illuminated CMOS image sensor, employing fin field-effect transistors (FinFETs) for in-pixel source-follower (SF) amplifiers. For comparison, two types of SF amplifiers i.e. planar type and FinFET were fabricated and the latter was formed by simply adding a Si etch step on the transistor channel region. Interface trap density was measured to be similar for both, indicating that the etched channel surface of FinFET was comparable to the pristine Si surface of the planar SF. Furthermore, the FinFET SF has increased the trans-conductance (gm) by 37% compared to the planar SF, which also led to improvement of random telegraph signal (RTS) noise by 30% without any image performance degradation. Such improvements are indicative of increase of the effective channel width by the fin structure. We firmly believe that the integration of FinFET transistors to a pixel array accelerates scaling down of a pixel pitch, which is crucial for image sensors in the mobile market. Keywords—CMOS Image Sensors, Fin Field-effect Transistors, Source-follower Amplifiers, Random Telegraph


Quadratic tangential homoclinics, also called homoclinic bifurcations, are known to cause highly complex behavior of time{discrete dynamical systems. In this paper we develop a method to approximate these orbits. More generally, we consider the case of tangential heteroclinics. These orbits are approximated by nite orbit{segments solving a boundary value problem and satisfying a regularity constraint. A detailed error analysis for this method is given which includes the case of local branches of het-eroclinic orbits. We apply our method to the computation of quadratic tangentials. They are approximated as turning points of the boundary value operator. Several examples illustrate this approach. Furthermore, equivalences are derived between geometric properties of the intersection of the stable and unstable manifolds at a heteroclinic point on one hand, and analytic properties of the variational equation along the heteroclinic orbit on the other hand.


There have been few areas of the world during the past 150 years that have been as shaped by Jewish influences as East Central Europe. The prominent Czech writer Milan Kundera observed seven years ago that in the years before Hitler, the Jews were the "intellectual cement," the essentially cosmopolitan and integrative element that forged the spiritual unit of this region. It was this small nation par excellence which added the quintessentially European color, tone and vitality to great cities like Berlin, Vienna, Prague, Budapest, not to mention Cracow, Lemberg and Czernowitz further to the east. The Nazi mass murder of the Jews, to which Stalin added his own macabre postscript after World War II, brought about the disappearance of this fructifying Jewish leaven and crushed for forty years the independence of the smaller East European nations sandwiched between Russia and Germany. Since the European revolutions of 1989, these nations, re-emerging from a semi-totalitarian deep freeze, have been recovering their national identities and historical roots long repressed under Communist rule.


Mass attenuation coefficients of ten different types of wood materials were determined using gamma radiation of 1332 keV from 60Co source. Two mathematical models have been developed for the prediction of density using variation with relaxation length and half value layer of wood materials. A good agreement was observed (greater than 83%) between the measured values and the predicted model 1 and 2. Results show that Azadiracta indica has the highest relaxation length and the lowest mass attenuation coefficient, while Albizia saman has the least relaxation length and the highest mass attenuation coefficient. Results also show that Azadiracta indica has the highest half value layer and Albizia saman has the least half value layer.


Improvements in epitaxial growth and processing technologies
have revived a great deal of interest in the heterojunction
bipolar transistor (HBT). In this project, AIGaAs/GaAS HBTs have
been fabricated using a new self-aligned process which exploits
the characteristics of some refractory metals deposited by
sputtering to obtain a T-shaped contact structure for the
emitter. wet and dry etching techniques were used to fabricate
the T-shaped contact.
A refractory metallisation system consisting of sequentially
sputtered layers of Ge/Mo/Ni was investigated for contacting the
emitter of the transistor. After alloying in a thermal furnace at
750°C for 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmOSPhere, a low specific
contact resistance of 2 x 10-6 ohm-cm was measured by standard
transmission line model (TLM) for measurement of contact
resistance. A metallisation system consisting of sequentially
evaporated AU/Zn/Au was used for the base and Ni/AuGe/Ni/AU was
used for the collector. Alloying with the same condition1 as
above gave specific contact re1istances of 1.2 x 10-6 ohm-cm for
the base and 8.6 x 10 -6 ohm-cm for the collector.
AS an alternative to ion implantation, zinc diffusion was
used as an alternative technique to dope the base contact region.
The acceptor concentration profile of the diffused region was
studied by 'Hall and Stripe' technique and a surface
concentration of 1 x 10 20 cm -3 was measured. This highly doped
base contact region can be used to achieve low ohmic contact to
the base. Results show that for devices designed with similar
dimensions for both processes, the new self-aligned process shows
a net improvement in the frequency response of the devices (ft=
10.7GHZ and &nax=9.8GHZ for self-aligned and ft=8.0GHZ and
for conventional 8um HBT).


This study is based on online signature verification using hybrid transform features that are gathered from dynamic signature signals. The signatures are transformed to digital signals in order to model them in alternative domains for the emphasis of salient features. Transforms used in this study are: Discrete Fourier, Discrete Cosine and Discrete Wavelet Transforms. Although these transforms are normally used in digital signal processing for tasks such as speech and audio filtering, they are also applicable to other domains such as image processing and financial modelling. The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of combining transform features to authenticate signatures. Due to genuine human error and lack of consistency, comparing signatures requires preprocessing to assist with standardization. The proposed approach achieved a FAR and FRR of 0.655 and 0.235, respectively on the SVC2004 database. The results confirm the proposed approach as competitive and promising.


Hegding is an alternative to risk management to protect the assets owned by the company due to foreign exchange risk. Hedging using derivative instruments is a common method used by companies. This study aims to determine the effect of financial distress, firm size and growth opportunity both partially and simultaneously on the company's decision making to hedge. The population in this study were mining sector companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange for the period 2016-2019. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling method in order to obtain a sample of 32 companies. The technique in this study used logistic regression analysis with SPSS version 16 software. The results of the study found the financial distress variable regression coefficient with a value of -0.909 and a value (sig = 0,000 0.05), then the growth opportunity variable has no effect on hedging decisions. The chi-square value is 50.923 with a significance of 0.000 <0.05, which means that the financial distress, firm size and growth opportunity variables simultaneously affect hedging decisions in mining sector companies listed on the IDX for the 2016-2019 period.


Covid-19, which has spread throughout the world, has reportedly caused millions of deaths. Among the causes of the patient's death is the phase after the patient is declared negative for COVID, but there is a cytokine storm. In this study, an IoT-based technology was proposed to be able to detect abnormalities in COVID-19 patients, even though they already had a negative Covid status based on the PCR test. The implementation of this technology allows former Covid patients to be monitored from anywhere as long as they are connected to the internet, using designed wearable devices and dedicated mobile apps for them. Based on experiment result, all the sensors have the ability to work and sense patient body indicators with error below 5%. This study demonstrated the flawless use of a mobile app dedicated to monitor patients' health during the pandemic. When patient health condition indicating exposed to cytokine storm, a warning notification is appear at the mobile app.


The effects of conventional and organic farming system on some quality parameters of grains were studied in winter and spring common wheat, spelt wheat and proso millet. Under organic farming conditions, spelt wheat was characterized by the most favorable grain chemical composition (essential amino acids index [EAAI] 85.3, o-dihydroxyphenol 2.00 g kg-1, nitrogen [N] 23.5 g kg-1, magnesium [Mg] 705, zinc [Zn] 32.9 mg kg-1), followed by millet (total dietary fiber [TDF] 185.3 g kg-1, Mg 904, copper [Cu] 6.27, iron [Fe] 57.0 mg kg-1). The above-mentioned cereals also showed a satisfactory yield level under the organic system (spelt wheat 2.69, proso millet 1.42 t ha-1). Both in winter and spring common wheat organic farming led a significant reduction in productivity, but the content of chemical components in grain (dihydroxyphenols—spring wheat 1.68 g kg-1, winter wheat 1.74 g kg-1; selenium [Se]—spring wheat 53.4 mg kg-1, winter wheat 40.5 mg kg-1; some amino acids—spring wheat valine [Val] 5.11, methionine [Met] 2.09, tryptophan [Trp] 0.40 g kg-1, winter wheat glutamate [Glu] 41.9, proline [Pro] 15.3, glysine [Gly] 5.24, arginine [Arg] 5.04, [Trp] 0.97 g kg-1) was more favorable compared to the conventional system. The present study showed that the organic farming system does not result in reduced productivity neither in spelt wheat or proso millet, but contributes to an improvement in their grain quality parameters. On the other hand, common wheat performed better under the conventional system.


Judge Harold R. Tyler, Jr. was born in Utica, New York in 1921 and grew up in nearby Waterville. It was on the basketball court playing for Phillips Exeter Academy that Judge Tyler earned the nickname "Ace," which stuck with him for life. After graduating from Princeton in 1943, Judge Tyler enlisted in the U.S. Army and served in World War II rising to the rank of Captain. Upon returning from the war, he attended Columbia Law School in New York City. Following graduation in 1949, Judge Tyler practiced law in New York City. He thrived on courtroom work and handled cases for corporate clients like GE on which he cut his teeth. From 1953 to 1955, Judge Tyler served as an Assistant United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York where he continued to build his trial experience. In 1958, Judge Tyler became the head of the Civil Rights Division in the U.S. Department of Justice. In that role, Judge Tyler spearheaded the fight for desegregation in the South. His legal efforts to foster desegregation had a deep impact on many Americans at this changing time in our country's history. For example, his office drafted what became the 1960 Civil Rights Act. In 1962, President John F. Kennedy appointed Judge Tyler a United States District Judge for the Southern District of New York. During his tenure on the bench, Judge Tyler presided over many well-known cases, including a leading series of class action decisions known as Eisen v. Carlisle & Jacquelin, which went up to the appellate courts and back on several occasions. (1) Judge Tyler often remarked that he had been asked to apply for the Second Circuit Court of Appeals but chose not to pursue the opportunity since it would have been a life sentence to law review. Put differently, Judge Tyler so loved the give-and-take of the courtroom that serving as a trial judge was the only judicial role he ever wanted. In 1975, Judge Tyler was asked by President Gerald Ford to serve as Deputy Attorney General of the United States. It was a time when the country was still reeling from the effects of Watergate. Judge Tyler's efforts to promote the uniform application of the rule of law were quite profound and helped bring back a high sense of integrity within the Justice Department. In 1977, following the close of the Ford Administration, Judge Tyler decided to return to New York and practice law. He had his choice of any number of prominent law firms in New York City. He chose Patterson Belknap because he felt it was a place where he could build a top-flight litigation department, but could also engage in various public service projects at the same time. For Judge Tyler, the practice of law was always about public service. He constantly devoted himself not just to paying clients but to any number of projects that benefited the world at large. Judge Tyler was Chair of the ABA's Judiciary Committee during the 1980s. In this capacity, he reviewed various nominations to the U.S. Supreme Court and other appointments to the federal judiciary. He also made many friends in the ABA throughout the United States. On any number of occasions, I would meet a lawyer in some far-flung part of the country who would ask to say hello to Judge Tyler. It was hard to imagine how anyone could know so many people. It was January 1985 when I first encountered Judge Tyler upon joining Patterson Belknap as an associate. On my first day at work, a call came in from "the Judge," as he was known at the firm. "Young man," the Judge began, "I hear you have just joined us from clerking on the Court of Appeals. One of our young partners is working on something which is right up your alley." The call, like many, ended with a hearty chuckle and a request to come to his office. When you entered Judge Tyler's office it had all the trappings befitting his stature as a former District Judge and Deputy Attorney General of the United States. …


An attempt is made to develop a description of the multielectron quantum state responsible for the integral quantum Hall effect. One goal is to provide intuitive support for the very powerful and general argument of Laughlin that the theoretical relationship is insensitive to complicating details in the interior of the sample. The model the author uses is somewhat more realistic than heretofore in that it is three dimensional, does not ignore the atomic structure of the bulk matter, and does not use an effective-mass approximation. In order to treat the problem quantum mechanically, the complete system, including circuitry external to the system of interest, is replaced by a model closed system consisting of a finite number of electrons. In this model, states with a finite Hall current and voltage are metastable against decay caused by interactions outside the model, such as those with bulk matter excitations. Such states describe the true situation well only in the conductivity plateaus; between plateaus, there would be current flow between the Hall voltage probes corresponding to decaying states. Experimental constraints replace this transverse current by a voltage drop along the direction of current flow. The interactions between the electrons are expressed in terms of a self-consistent potential which gives an independent-particle description as a starting point, and residual interactions which are treated by perturbation theory. The self-consistent potential is found to be important in understanding the properties of the quantum state of the system, such as the existence of the plateaus in conductivity and how the electrons in the (effective) two-dimensional region come to equilibrium with the different Fermi levels in the voltage probes. To all finite orders of perturbation theory, the residual interactions are found not to alter the quantized Hall conductivity.


In contrast to earlier accounts of the epistemic significance of narrative, it is argued that narrative is important in natural scientific knowledge. To recognize this, we must understand narrative not as a literary form in which knowledge is written, but as the temporal organization of the understanding of practical activity. Scientific research is a social practice, whereby researchers structure the narrative context in which past work is interpreted and significant possibilities for further work are projected. This narrative field displays a constant tension between a need for a coherent, shared understanding of the field and the incoherence threatened by divergent projects and interpretations. The account has three parts. First, a summary of the general account of the narrative intelligibility of action which underlies the proffered view of narrative in science. This account is then applied to understanding how scientific work acquires significance, and how the scientific literature is constructed and...


This paper presents an active noise control experiment designed to validate a real-time control strategy for reduction of the noise scattered from a three-dimensional body. The control algorithm relies on estimating the scattered noise by linear filtering of the total noise measured around the body; suitable filters are identified from off-line measurements. A modified Filtered-Error Least-Mean-Squares algorithm then leads to the adaptive filters which drive the secondary sources. The paper provides the numerical simulations using a Boundary Element Method which helped in designing a feasible experiment in an anechoic chamber with a limited number of control sources. Eventually a real-time pure-tone implementation with 14 ordinary loudspeakers and a large body is shown to yield on average a 10 dB reduction of the scattered noise at the error sensors, which is close to the optimum reduction predicted by the numerical simulations for the sensor arrangement.


In this paper, multi area multi objective dynamic economic dispatch (MAMODED) with optimal real power dispatch in dynamic areas is considered. More accurate cubic cost function models thermal and emissions functions. The five-objective MAMODED includes thermal, renewable, tie line losses and emissions plus all the possible constraints. Uncertainties and variability of renewable energy (RE) sources are modelled using scenario based method (SBM). Modified Firefly Algorithm with Levy Flights and Derived Mutation (MFA-LF-DM) which is applied to validate the formulation resulted in better power exchange as compared to optimality condition decomposition (OCD) in terms of cost and emission reduction.


The need for further research into indigenous knowledge, in the context of agrarian development strategies, led to this investigation of one aspect of local knowedge; that of crop choice. Through the use of point score analysis, research was conducted in the Kibamba Ward located in the peri-urban zone of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The main aims were to investigate the key factors underlying farmers' choice of crop as well as to assess the differences in the decision-making process between commercial and subsistence farmers. Vegetable cultivation was observed as the main practice, influenced particularly by the physical environment, the availability of machinery as well as certain economic factors. A significant difference in decision making among subsistence and commercial farmers was found. Subsistence farmers placed greater emphasis on the taste of the crop, whereas commercial farmers were predictably more influenced by the market. In addition, this study highlights several practical areas of concern regarding water resources, basic machinery and the lack of formal extension provision in the area. Although the complexity of crop choice is portrayed, a need for future research in different geographical contexts is noted. Copyright (c) 2009 The Author. Journal compilation (c) 2009 The Agricultural Economics Society.


A microwave mixer based on a tunable microwave photonic filter is presented and experimentally demonstrated. The tunable microwave photonic filter consists of a broadband optical source and a dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator employing a variable optical carrier time-shift method. The central frequency of the tunable single-passband filter can be tuned by adjusting an optical variable delay line. The filter can select the wanted mixing components and suppress the other mixing spurs. Experiments are performed and the results show that the out-of-band rejection ratio of the filter is over 45 dB. The up-converted and down-converted signals are successfully selected, and the unwanted mixing spurs are effectively suppressed.


Background The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the types of human chewing simulator described in scientific literature. Material and Methods An electronic search was conducted in the databases PubMed, Embase and Scopus. The search strategy included 10 search terms: "in vitro"; "dental materials"; "shear strength"; "fatigue fracture"; "bite force"; "prosthetic materials"; "chewing simulator"; "chewing machine"; "simulated mastication"; and "dental wear simulator." Two researchers worked independently to assess the titles and abstracts of the articles. The quality of the in vitro trials selected was evaluated by means of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials scale. Results The electronic search identified 80 articles related to the topic of interest. After reading the full texts, ten works were selected. The articles focused mainly on the design of chewing simulators. Most of them were considered of moderate quality. Regarding the characteristics that an ideal chewing simulator should encompass, the devices described in articles varied greatly in terms of movement, periodontal ligament simulation, force sensors, and the materials tested. Conclusions No chewing simulator offers all the characteristics necessary to reproduce human masticatory movements and forces under the humidity and pH conditions of the oral cavity. A simulator that encompasses all these characteristics would make it possible to standardize trials involving simulated mastication. Key words:In vitro, dental materials, dental wear simulator.


The elastic lattice (percolation) model, used in statistical physics studies, has been quite successful in simulating dynamic fracture phenomena, including their associated acoustic emission. This discrete model is suitable for representing disordered media such as rocks. Thus, motivated by its advantages to deal with discontinuous realistic media, in comparison to the continuum theory, we performed simulations of elastic wave propagation by using a vector percolating network that includes central and bond‐bending force constants allowing local microscopic variation of the Poisson's ratio. The validity of the proposed approach is tested by comparing our numerical results with those from Garvin's exact analytical solution for a buried dilatational line source in a half space. In the free‐surface response the Rayleigh waves play a prominent role.


To facilitate the ease of searching the images in social websites through tags, a social re-ranking system is proposed for tag-based image retrieval considering the image's relevance and diversity. The input images that are tagged by different social users are taken from social websites. This paper includes, sorting the input images based on inter user re-ranking. Users having higher contribution to the given query rank higher, Intra-user re-ranked on the ranked user's image set. The most relevant image from each user's image set is selected. An inverted index structure is built for the social image dataset to accelerate the searching process.


Steel strain measurements along reinforcing bars allow an indirect determination of bond shear stresses acting between concrete and reinforcement. Traditional measuring techniques such as the application of electrical resistance strain gauges are not entirely satisfactory because they affect the bond properties. This paper describes experiments using wavelength multiplexed optical fiber Bragg grating sensors for strain measurements along 10-mm-diameter reinforcing bars embedded in reinforced concrete beams subjected to bending. The sensors were found to be capable of measuring large strains and strain gradients with high precision, without significantly affecting the bond properties. The experimental results are discussed and compared with calculations according to three bond shear stress-slip models. Recommendations for the application of optical fiber Bragg grating sensors on reinforcing bars are made and a simple method for the deflection calculation of partially cracked beams is presented, providing lower und upper bounds corresponding to maximum and minimum theoretical crack spacings, respectively.


Nowadays, companies focus on satisfying their customers, so they remember their brand and are differentiated by their competitors. At the same time, consumers look for brands, products, entertainment that awaken their emotions, senses and thoughts. Therefore, this study aims to understand the relationship between experiential marketing and customer satisfaction in the pop-up store model for women aged 26 to 35 from NSE A and B in zone 7 of Metropolitan Lima, to know the opinions of marketing experts on this model of store in Metropolitan Lima and whether entrepreneurs would be willing to opt for this model. A mixed research was used where a qualitative and quantitative study was carried out on a sample of 380. We found that there is a direct relationship between experiential marketing and customer satisfaction in pop-up stores in the study segment, identifying factors such as design, structure and decoration that provide experience and customer satisfaction, in addition to the trust, guarantee and safety of the products offered by these stores.


Abstract The communication of religious ideas has followed a path that is similar to the dissemination of other types of content. The Internet and social networks have enabled the appearance of new Catholic preachers with intense activity and a high number of followers on their channels. YouTube has been no exception to this communication trend. Some of the religious communicators who use this social network have in fact become the natural heirs to the former TV preachers, or televangelists. Others have adapted their religious discourse to the narratives of these channels, addressing young audiences who are familiar with the new languages. Still others have launched channels on YouTube in order to broaden the audience of their usual liturgical and clerical activities. They are the new influencers in the religious realm, capable of multiplying audiences, establishing dialogues with them, and generating engagement. This article shows the results of an analysis of the Spanish-speaking Catholic communicators with the largest number of followers on YouTube. Based on a sample of videos with the most views, conclusions have been drawn about profiles, followers, subjects, production, positioning, generating engagement, and relationships with audiences.


Different applications of linear elasticity in structural geology are presented in this thesis through the development of three types of numerical computer codes. The first one uses forward modeling to study displacement and perturbed stress fields around complexly faulted regions. We show that incorporating inequality constraints, such as static Coulomb friction, enables one to explain the angle of initiation of jogs in extensional relays. Adding heterogeneous material properties and optimizations, such as parallelization on multicore architectures and complexity reduction, admits more complex models. The second type deals with inverse modeling, also called parameter estimation. Linear slip inversion on faults with complex geometry, as well as paleo-stress inversion using a geomechanical approach, are developed. The last type of numerical computer code is dedicated to restoration of complexly folded and faulted structures. It is shown that this technique enables one to check balanced cross-sections, and also to retrieve fault chronology. Finally, we show that this code allows one to smooth noisy 3D interpreted faulted and folded horizons using geomechanics.


The number of sexual abuse in children as the victims has increased year to year. Technology development is believed as one of the reasons the increasement of sexual abuse. The purpose of this research is to give the knowledge and get a picture that happened to children about sexual abuse by making visual model and share it by active learning method. This study is using quasi experiment method, through training with Active learning method. The respondents are 232 students from 3 elementary school in West Jakarta Indonesia. The measurement data of sexual abuse knowledge with pre and post questionnaire, and peer group discussion. The results showed that many students still in the not knowing the kinds of sexual abuse and or who possibly could be the offender, but few of them already recognized the kind of sexual behavior, either self-experience or from what they saw around them. The active learning method was effective to increase knowledge about the offender and the type of sexual abuse to Elementary School Students in West Jakarta Indonesia, with test results differ to p0, 00.


A 57-year-old female had the pain at her left popliteal region in September 1980, and followed by the tumor formation in May 1981. Because of a rapid growth since January 1982, she admitted to our hospital in March 1982. At admission, her tumor was elastic soft with 12cm in diameter, the irregular surface and the obscure margin, which was adhesive to gastrocunemius muscle. In April 1982, amputation above the knee was done. Microscopically, typical biphasic pattern with the mixture of fibrosarcomatous pattern and pseudoglandular pattern was revealed. In the latter, pseudoepithelial cells ware stained positively with PAS and Alcian Blue Stain. Adjuvant chemotherapy, consisted of Adriamycin, Cyclophosphamide and Vincristine, had been perfomed during the one year since March 1982. She is alive with the disease-free status one year three months after adjuvant chemotherapy.


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Amorphous metallic alloys are interesting engineering materials since for several systems and compositions their mechanical, magnetic and chemical properties are far superior to those of their crystalline counterparts. Aluminum amorphous alloys are by far the most promising candidates to structural applications, since they combine excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance with low density. For special compositions all these properties are proven to be further enhanced when nanocrystallization occurs over an amorphous matrix. This work investigates the crystallization of the easy glass former Al84Ni8Co4Y3Zr1 alloy. Amorphous ribbons were produced using a single roller melt-spinner equipment under argon atmosphere. Crystallization annealings were carried out both isochronally and isothermally with the aid of a Netzsch DSC404 calorimeter and oil bath. Structural evaluation was conducted on a Philips CM120 transmission electron microscope operated at 120 kV and a Siemens D5000 X-ray diffractometer using Cu-Kα radiation. Calorimetric analyses revealed four crystallization events, regardless of heating rate. The crystallization sequence proceeds with homogeneous primary crystallization of nanometric α-Al crystals over an amorphous matrix, which crystallizes to α-Al + Al9Co2 later on during the second stage of crystallization. The two final crystallization reactions correspond to recrystallization and polymorphic crystallization of intermetallic compounds.


Recent studies of mantle xenoliths and orogenic peridotite bodies have emphasized the consistent agreement between Re-Os melt-depletion (TRo) model ages for the mantle and ages of overlying and/or surrounding crust. Moreover, Re-Os isotopic investigations of sub-continental lithospheric mantle underlying non-cratonic areas suggest that these mantle segments have remained stable for long periods of time (>1 Ga). However, several important questions remain to be answered. Does the lithospheric mantle remain coupled to the overlying continental crust through major and multiple orogenic events? Is there any age stratigraphy preserved within the continental mantle root? We have carried out petrographic, trace element and Re-Os isotopic studies of six shallow mantle peridotite xenoliths sampled by alkali basalts from localities scattered throughout the French Massif Central (FMC). The FMC is an appropriate lithospheric segment for assessing the behaviour of Re-Os isotopic systematics during major orogenic and magmatic events. The non-cratonic crust of the FMC has undergone at least two main orogenies (Cadomian and Variscan) during the past 700 Ma. More recently, the FMC lithosphere has been affected by a mantle plume which induced extensive Quaternary alkali volcanism. The six samples were subdivided into two groups. The first group consists of olivine-rich harzburgites displaying a poikiloblastic microtexture. They have high equilibrium temperatures, ranging from 1150~ to 1250~ and very refractory geochemical characteristics with low A1203 and Lu contents (0.1-1.8 wt.% and 9 -20 ppb, respectively). The geochemistry of constituent silicate minerals (e.g. olivine with low mg#) as well as whole rock trace element patterns suggest that these poikiloblastic olivine-rich peridotites have experienced ' lbasaltic' melt infiltration at high melt/rock ratio. Their high equilibration temperatures may be consistent with a deep lithospheric mantle source. The second group of samples does not display a poikiloblastic microtexture, but have a porphyroclastic to protogranular microtexture. They are clinopyroxene-poor lherzolites ( 4 6 % cpx) or lherzolites (11% cpx). Equilibrium temperatures within this group range from 950-1100~ A1203 contents vary from 1.3-3.5 wt.%, and Lu contents range from 10-57 ppb. Trace element diagrams show that the cpx-poor lherzolites are L R E E enriched, whereas the lherzolites display 'depleted MORB mantle' trace element patterns. However, samples from both groups display large positive U/ Th anomalies in both whole rocks and separated clinopyroxenes. These xenoliths display a large range in Os concentrations (1.74-3.60 ppb) that is inversely correlated with indices of mantle fertility, and exhibit a large range in Os isotopic compositions (lS7Os/lS8Os = 0.1122--0.1349; 7os = --13 to +4) that is inversely correlated with Re/Os (Fig. 1). Refractory harzburgite xenoliths have the lowest Os i s o t o p i c c o m p o s i t i o n s (187Os/188Os =


We construct a family of cogroupoids associated to preregular forms and recover the Morita-Takeuchi equivalence for Artin-Schelter regular algebras of dimension two, observed by Raedschelders and Van den Bergh. Moreover, we study the 2-cocycle twists of pivotal analogues of these cogroupoids, by developing a categorical description of preregularity in any tensor category that has a pivotal structure.


Many truthful spectrum auction schemes have been recently proposed to to ensure that the dominant strategy for bidders is to bid truthfully and thus protect the auctioneer's benefits. However, most of them assume the auctioneer is trustful and do not protect bidders' interests. An auctioneer can manipulate the winner's charging price if it knows bidders' bids. Thus, it is critical to protect bids from the auctioneer. Towards this end, we develop a Privacy-Preserving Economic-Robust spectrum auction scheme, namely PPER. Not only does it well protect users' bid privacy, but also guarantees economic-robustness which is another important auction property. Besides, only transmitters but not receivers are considered in most previous spectrum auctions, resulting in many unexpected collisions during transmissions. In this work, we consider interference constraints from transmissions instead of transmitters in spectrum allocation. Extensive privacy analysis and simulation results show the effectiveness and efficiency of our scheme.


The paper discuses the water supply system in Delhi. It highlights the facts work done by the Delhi Jal Board, the role played by private water suppliers in Delhi, the effects of indiscriminate extraction of groundwater and the quality of water supplied.


While Bayesian methods are praised for their ability to incorporate useful prior knowledge, in practice, priors that allow for computationally convenient or tractable inference are more commonly used. In this paper, we investigate the following question: for a given model, is it possible to use any convenient prior to infer a false posterior, and afterwards, given some true prior of interest, quickly transform this result into the true posterior?
We present a procedure to carry out this task: given an inferred false posterior and true prior, our algorithm generates samples from the true posterior. This transformation procedure, which we call "prior swapping" works for arbitrary priors. Notably, its cost is independent of data size. It therefore allows us, in some cases, to apply significantly less-costly inference procedures to more-sophisticated models than previously possible. It also lets us quickly perform any additional inferences, such as with updated priors or for many different hyperparameter settings, without touching the data. We prove that our method can generate asymptotically exact samples, and demonstrate it empirically on a number of models and priors.


Modular steel buildings show high assembly degree and fast installation speed. The inter-module connection (IMC) is one of the key technologies that restrict the robustness of modular steel buildings. An innovative IMC with a cross-shaped plug-in connector is proposed, and the connection consists of end plates of columns, the cross-shaped plug-in connector, bolts, cover plates, and one-side bolts. The proposed IMC is easily constructed, and the cross-shaped plug-in connector can improve the shear resistance of the core area. The mechanical model of the proposed IMC is presented, and the panel zone volume modified factor and initial rotational stiffness modified factor are proposed for calculating the shear capacity of the panel zone and the initial rotational stiffness. Numerical simulation was conducted considering the influences of axial compression ratios, sections of beams and columns, and the thickness of the tenon plate of the connector. The bearing capacity of the proposed IMC was analyzed, and the values of the two factors mentioned above were calculated, and their regression formulas are presented. The results show that the sections of beams and columns and the axial compression ratios show great influences on the bearing capacity of the proposed IMC, while the thickness of the tenon of the cross-shaped plug-in connector shows almost no effect. In addition, the sections of beams and columns show great influences on the shear capacity of the panel zone, as well as the initial rotational stiffness of the proposed IMC, while the thickness of the tenon of the cross-shaped plug-in connector and the axial compression ratios show little effect and almost no effect, respectively. Furthermore, the bending moment limit of the beam end of the proposed IMC is suggested to be 0.6 times the resistance bending moment, and the proposed IMC is considered to be a rigid connection or inclined to a rigid connection The proposed IMC has good mechanical performance, and design recommendations are presented.


Recent debates underscore an increasing shift away from static conceptions of ethnicity and identity to an emphasis upon their more fluid and deconstructive qualities. The following examination of the international indigenous peoples' movement demonstrates how the dynamic re-construction of indigenous identity and the discourses emanating from it are fundamental elements to successful mobilization. It also explores the ways in which the epistemologies underlying them are theoretically valuable and pragmatically transformative, and how they serve as the basis for developing a critical cultural pedagogy. It is argued that such a perspective would contribute to the development of a transformative and process-oriented approach to the conceptualization and study of ethnocultural mobilizations necessary for overcoming the constraints of western liberal thought and current preoccupations with 'authenticity' and typologies in related scholarship and practice.


We have previously cloned 4 bovine male-specific and 3 gender-neutral repetitive DNA fragments [1] and successfully utilized them to sex bovine embryos [2]. Further characterization and mapping of these repetitive fragments were made here. All 4 male-specific repeats were mapped to the proximal region of the short arm of the Y-chromosome. Although a Southern blot analysis showed no specific hybridization to sheep, goat, and pig DNAs, the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) identified weak signals in the proximal region of the short arm of the ovine and caprine Y-chromosomes. The copy number of the male-specific repeats was roughly estimated to be around 100 in the bovine genome. One of gender-neutral repeats was a part of mitochondrial DNA (NADH dehydrogenase5 gene), which showed crucial deviations from the known sequence [3] and thought to be a pseudo-gene in the nucleus. Another one was a combination of an autosomal sequence and satellite DNA, which was mapped to centromeric region of most bovine chromosomes excepting sex-chromosomes. This hybrid DNA was bovine-specific as revealed by the Southern blot analysis against the other domestic animals.


Objective To investigate the expression of IL-17BR(IL-25R) from human vascular endothelial cell(HUVEC) and bronchial biopsies of asthmatics compared with controls.Methods Immunocytochemical method was employed to detect the expression of IL-17BR in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC).Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and real-time quantitative PCR were used to study the diversification of IL-17BR gene expression in HUVEC cultured with or without rhIL-25.Avidin-biotin complex(ABC) method was employed for detecting IL-17BR immunoreactivity in bronchial biopsies.Results Immunocytochemistry showed that HUVEC constitutively expressed IL-17BR.PCR showed that the expression of IL-17BR mRNA was upregulated by its ligand,IL-25(1 μg/L).The increased number of IL-17BR immunoreactive cells were found in the bronchial biopsies of asthmatics,whereas extremely few cells of the normal controls were positive for IL-17BR.Conclusion IL-17BR is constitutively expressed in HUVEC and airways bronchial mucosa and increases in asthmatic airways.It suggests that the IL-17BR positive cells in human bronchial vascular endothelial cells and airways mucosa may participate in the pathogenesis of asthma through interaction of IL-25 with its receptor.


Obesity is a chronic non-communicable disease that has increased dramatically worldwide [1]. The 2015 National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) showed that the prevalence of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity in Malaysia had increased by 0.6%, 2.6% and 2.0% respectively as compared to the previous findings of NHMS 2011[2]. Thus, many approaches have been attempted including bariatric surgery. However, it is associated with complications like lean tissue loss, augmented bone loss and a high risk of postprandial hypoglycemia due to patients being unable to achieve adequate dietary protein and accelerated nutrient emptying. Hence, this review paper provides several findings on possible causes of muscle tissue loss and nutritional strategies to prevent muscle loss.

Initially, a literature search was conducted from electronic databases like PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar Science Direct. A total of 15 articles on nutritional strategies to prevent muscle loss after bariatric surgery that was published between January 2017 and May 2022 were retrieved. In this review, several causes of muscle tissue loss, its consequences on a patient's health and nutritional strategies to preserve muscle protein are summarized in the following figures.
In conclusion, bariatric surgery leads to the loss of lean body mass and fat-free mass due to a significant decrease in protein intake and rapid weight loss. This will lead to several consequences that impair basal metabolism and body functions and reduce life quality [7]. Regular and sufficient protein intake together with resistance exercise are essential for muscle preservation [4]. Further research should be continued to increase the understanding of the pathophysiology and related mechanism that causes muscle loss and develop appropriate treatment and possible modifications in current bariatric procedures available.


The present invention provides a multi-level memory (100) and a method of operating the same. The memory (100) has a memory structure (11, 12, M1-Mn), wherein a distribution density of resistance levels at the minimum value of the resistance level is higher than the same at the maximum value.


The performance of a blast furnace is considerably influenced by burden distribution. The bed permeability and efficiency of gas utilization are improved by proper distribution of burden materials. The burden distribution is significantly affected by adopting different types of charging system. The charging sequence plays specific role in each type of charging system. The Paul Wurth bell less top charging system offers more flexibility in distribution of burden materials at any desired location. The furnace performance with regard to productivity, fuel rate and hot metal quality can be certainly improved by changing the burden distribution pattern.


This issue is a momentous occasion for The Journal of Leisure Research (JLR) as several changes have occurred in our field in the past few years. Perhaps the most difficult and tangible situation we endured was the abrupt and lengthy interruption of the production of JLR, the oldest and once most-prestigious scholarly journal in the field of leisure studies. During the journal's cessation, a spirited debate ensued regarding its future, and the long-held relationship with the National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA) was tested. Though accompanied by tension for some and optimism for others, the challenges of change ultimately spurred growth and a stronger foundation. Positive outcomes from the recent unrest within the field include the inaugural conference of The Academy of Leisure Sciences (TALS), the introduction of the TALS Research Institute, and an increase in the TALS membership base. Furthermore, this reintroduction of JLR is a testament to its resiliency and its status as an institution in the field of leisure studies. Coincidentally, and perhaps appropriately, this reboot of JLR falls during a symbolic year within the Jewish tradition—the number 18 (i.e., "Chai" in Hebrew) symbolizes life and luck. We propose that this first issue posthiatus represents the strength of and loyalty to JLR and a renewed life for its mission, vision, and direction. Thus, it is apropos that the topics in this issue address concepts of functioniong, personalilty, and satisfaction. Moreover, this issue relates to thoughts and ideas discussed, debated, and explored regarding how our academy and profession function and our satisfaction with change and evolution in our field. One might say, these articles, their authors, and the rest who will appear in coming issues this year have emerged triumphant, having held steadfast in the pipeline for over a year, riding the wave of uncertainty through the resolution and reemergence of the journal. More authors will join them as their manuscripts progress through the final stages of review and production. We thank them and our colleagues for supporting JLR and enduring this turbulent chapter in the journal's tenure. In positioning ourselves and JLR for the future, the editorial board and the senior advisory group (i.e., Karla Henderson, Geof Godbey, Linda Caldwell, Ellen Weissinger) thoughtfully considered the journal's history, the value it brings, and how it can evolve to stay relevant and more effectively meet the needs of our diverse field. We considered ways in which we can complement the outstanding work published by Leisure Sciences, Leisure Studies, Leisure/Loisir, Annals of Leisure Research, and other leisure journals. We discussed and devised a scope for the journal, how to reach new readers in related fields, and whether we could support work from rapidly developing countries such as those in Asia, the Pan-Pacific Rim, Central and South America, and Africa. We agreed that being inclusive of the diverse sectors we represent, including events, sport for development, community-based conservation, parks and recreation, sport tourism, leisure, disability/ability, state and national parks, and topics related to the academy, was an important value for JLR.


The article has analyzed the university library knowledge services,proposed that the university library provides the literature information service for teachers and students,elaborated the policy which the library should follow.


Delay estimation of a code-spread code division multiple access (CS-CDMA) system using low-rate maximum free distance (MFD) convolutional codes for bandwidth expansion is studied. Using the repetitive structure of the low-rate MFD codes, the codewords are first permuted using a criterion based on the Cramer-Rao bound that results in good delay estimation properties. Thereafter, an approximate maximum-likelihood estimator that jointly estimate the channel gain, the codewords and the delay is used. Using the derived algorithm we show that it is in fact possible to estimate the delay in a code-spread system.


The utility model relates to a low-temperature steam generator and a low-temperature concentration machine unit, mainly solving the technical problems that the existing steam generator adopts an electric heating mode to heat a medium and has larger potential safety hazard and the like. The utility model is characterized in that a tank body is internally provided with a heating pipeline with two communicated ends; and two ports of the heating pipeline are communicated with an external heating medium pipeline. The utility model has the benefits that the tank body is internally and additionally provided with the heating pipeline which is connected with the external heating medium pipeline; therefore, the heating pipeline can be utilized for transferring the heat of the external heating medium so as to lead the heating medium in the tank body to be evaporated under proper temperature, so the utility model not only can solve the problem of potential safety hazard caused by direct electric heating, reduce the heating cost, and simultaneously also can lead the heating medium in the tank body to form a low-temperature steam, thus realizing low-temperature extraction.


An electronic strobing magnetooptical apparatus has been developed which makes it possible to observe the magnetization reversal process in thin films with reversal taking place in 1 μsec. Reversal takes place in a non-uniform manner starting at film edges and imperfections.


Two types of data shift common in practice are 1. transferring from synthetic data to live user data (a deployment shift), and 2. transferring from stale data to current data (a temporal shift). Both cause a distribution mismatch between training and evaluation, leading to a model that overfits the flawed training data and performs poorly on the test data. We propose a solution to this mismatch problem by framing it as domain adaptation, treating the flawed training dataset as a source domain and the evaluation dataset as a target domain. To this end, we use and build on several recent advances in neural domain adaptation such as adversarial training (Ganinet al., 2016) and domain separation network (Bousmalis et al., 2016), proposing a new effective adversarial training scheme. In both supervised and unsupervised adaptation scenarios, our approach yields clear improvement over strong baselines.


The importance of interspecific competition to plant distribution in an unproductive environment was investigated for two alpine tundra graminoids that differed in community of origin, Kobresia myosuroides from a resource poor dry meadow and Deschampsia caespitosa from a more resource rich moist meadow. It was hypothesized that Deschampsia is absent from the resource poor dry meadow due to competitive displacement by Kobresia, rather than low resource availability. A removal experiment was performed in the dry meadow, where Deschampsia growth, physiology, and mortality in response to both vegetation removal and N additions were examined. Water availability was monitored throughout the experiment. The effect of removal on Deschampsia was more pronounced than that of N addition. Removal resulted in a significant decrease in Deschampsia mortality, and significant increases in Deschampsia shoot and root biomass, tillering, biomass per tiller, root:shoot ratio, root N concentrations, water-use-efficiency and flowering. Soil moisture differences between intact and removal plots suggest that Kobresia is able to competitively displace Deschampsia from the dry meadow by reducing water levels below which Deschampsia can grow and reproduce. A second experiment, conducted in removal plots only, examined the mortality, growth, and physiology of Deschampsia and Kobresia in response to variations in neighbor and N availability. Kobresia exhibited no adverse response to competition with Deschampsia, even under high N conditions. These results demonstrate that a species of a resource poor community is capable of competitively displacing a species from a more resource rich community. Since this experiment was conducted in alpine tundra, these results illustrate that competition can be an important force structuring plant community composition in an extreme environment.


Contains a variety of results advancing the theory of finite fields and connections with, as well as impact on, various directions in number theory, algebra, and algebraic geometry. Areas of application include algebraic coding theory, cryptology, and combinatorial design theory.


An algorithm for regenerating the input spectrum from Fabry-Perot data is derived and a few numerical experiments are presented to show how well it works.


Numerous researches have shown the existence of influence of specialized Web 2.0 portals on hotel business. One of most famous portals of that kind is TripAdvisor. The goal of this work is to determine the degree and mode of representation of hotels in Serbia on TripAdvisor portal. The results of the conducted research show that in past years the number of hotels from Serbia represented on this portal has increased significantly. At the end of 2012 there have been registered 3.288 comments which evaluated the service quality of 165 hotels from Serbia. The average vote, on five-degree scale, calculated at the level of all represented hotels at the end of 2012 was 3,92. Considering that Belgrade represents the primarily business, administrative and touristic center of Serbia, on the Belgrade's hotels specimen there has been analyzed the connection between business performances of hotels expressed through indicator TREVPAR and their image on TripAdvisor expressed through average vote determined based on user's comments, as well as in relation with TripAdvisor Popularity Index (TPI). The results show the high degree of correlation between analyzed features on the specimen of Belgrade's hotels, in range of hotels of second (4*) and third category (3*). Having in mind the results of conducted research it is obvious that the hotels managers from Serbia should adopt and implement the corresponding procedures of monitoring and adequate reactions on contents on TripAdvisor, considering their influence on behavior of modern consumer in hotels.


A fly-coupled tent comprises a dome shaped fly 8 formed from a plurality of triangular water-proof fabric patches provided with holders 10 on the outside thereof for inserting supporting poles 11. The inside of the fly 8 is provided with a plurality of rings 12, the rings 12 being attached to the fly 8 by bands. Within the fly 8, there is accommodated a tent cloth 16, smaller than fly 8, and coupled with fly 8 by a plurality of bar type connecting devices 17 attached to the tent cloth 16 by means of bands 18. Thus the fly 8 is supported by the supporting poles 11, and the tent cloth 16 is suspended from the fly 8 within the fly 8. The fly coupled tent can be installed in a simple manner by "one touch" by any one, and can be folded up into a compact size for carrying.


Parkinson's disease is characterized cytopathologically by the deposition in the midbrain of aggregates composed primarily of the presynaptic neuronal protein α-synuclein (AS). Neurotoxicity is currently attributed to oligomeric microaggregates subjected to oxidative modification and promoting mitochondrial and proteasomal dysfunction. Unphysiological binding to membranes of these and other organelles is presumably involved. In this study we performed a systematic determination of the influence of charge, phase, curvature, defects and lipid unsaturation on AS binding to model membranes using a new sensitive solvatochromic fluorescent probe. The interaction of AS with vesicular membranes is fast and reversible. The protein dissociates from neutral membranes upon thermal transition to the Ld phase and transfers to vesicles with higher affinity. The binding of AS to neutral and negatively charged membranes occurs by apparently different mechanisms. Interaction with neutral bilayers requires the presence of membrane defects; binding increases with membrane curvature and rigidity and decreases in the presence of cholesterol. The association to negatively charged membranes is much stronger and much less sensitive to membrane curvature, phase and cholesterol content. The presence of unsaturated lipids increases binding in all cases. These findings provide insight into the relation between membrane physical properties and AS binding affinity and dynamics that presumably define protein localization in vivo and, thereby, the role of AS in the physiopathology of Parkinson's disease. INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD (1)) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized primarily by the functional loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. Although the precise causes of cell death are unknown, the misfolding and aggregation of the abundant neuronal protein, α-synuclein (AS) in PD pathogenesis, is almost certainly involved (24). This protein forms amyloid-like fibrils, which constitute the major component of pathological intraneuronal protein deposits denoted Lewy bodies. The physiological functions of AS are unclear but it has been associated with vesicle trafficking (5-7) and fatty acid metabolism (8). AS is a small (140aa, 15 kDa) negatively charged, natively disordered protein lacking a distinct secondary structure in solution (9). However, the N-terminal 2/3 of the sequence adopts a helical conformation ( α11/3) upon interaction with artificial membranes (10-12) whereas the crossβ-sheet conformation is characteristic of the amyloid fibrillar forms of the protein (Fig. 1). The α-helix-forming region spans seven imperfect 11-residue repeats, six of which contain a highly conserved motif "xKTK(E/Q)GVxxxx" (Fig. 1). The membranebinding domain overlaps with the hydrophobic NAC region (residues 61-95), which serves to initiate aggregation (13). The C-terminus, in contrast to the positively charged N-terminal and the NAC regions, is rich in acidic residues and prevents protein aggregation (14,15). Membrane interactions are believed to be essential to the function(s) of AS (16) since in the cell the protein is localized in close proximity to synaptic vesicles and binds to the inner mitochondrial membrane (17). Furthermore http://www.jbc.org/cgi/doi/10.1074/jbc.M110.204776 The latest version is at JBC Papers in Press. Published on February 18, 2011 as Manuscript M110.204776 Copyright 2011 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. by gest on N ovem er 7, 2017 hp://w w w .jb.org/ D ow nladed from


Abstract. This activity is motivated by the low ability of Indonesian students to solve problems that require a high level of ability, namely the ability of students to analyze, evaluate, create and use reasoning and logic. Therefore, community empowerment activities are carried out at SD Muhammadiyah Kayen and SDIT Luqman Al Hakim with the aim that teachers are able to compile learning media, learning designs and questions that encourage students to think at a higher level. This activity is carried out in stages, namely (1) HOTS-Based Learning Training and Workshop (2) Training and Workshop on Mathematics Learning Design with Indonesian Realist Mathematics Approach (3) Development of Learning Materials and learning media based on HOTS and PMRI (4) Assistance, testing and Implementation the results of development taught by the teacher. After this activity is carried out. Knowledge and teachers are seen as partners in developing teaching materials, learning designs and learning media based on HOTS and PMRI increased. The school will follow up with educational media, teaching materials and evaluation based on HOTS and PMRI so that students' ability to think at a higher level increases and students who are able to meet the industrial revolution 4.0.


A structural mass model updating technique based on optimization algorithm and GVT results was presented. Making use of modal orthogonality condition and GVT results, we can construct an object function, concerning structural mass character constraints, the offered coarse structural discrete mass distribution is modified. Numerical simulation indicates that this method improves the precision of structural mass model and it makes the modified coarse discrete mass distribution match with the really discrete mass distribution.


The new-period realistic literature,with its eye-catching sensation and difficult times,has demonstrated a complex spiritual trend.After "Cultural Revolution",it resumed its pursuit of "realness",which enables the new-period literature to return to the May 4th literary tradition,changing from the past "praise" to the present "criticism".In the tide of the market economy,the new-period realistic literature,transforming from praising ideal to expressing the secular affairs,displays common people's life,pays close attention to the spiritual world of contemporary people and devotes itself to the approach to objectivity.All these have embodied a new spiritual trend.Meanwhile,as the main tide of new–period literature,it has been absorbing the essence of the western modern realistic literature and exalts its spiritual level with great openness to enlarge its horizon and diversify its styles.


The intensive land use in the breeding of cattle on pasture, without the adoption of preservation techniques, systems has led o increased soil compaction resulting in lower productivity of fodder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variability of the production of green matter (GM) and dry matter (DM) of Tifton 85 and its correlation with the soil physical properties. The study was conducted in the municipality of Vista Gaucha - RS, in an area of 4.3 ha of Tifton 85. Was used a sampling grid of 0.25 ha, resulting in 16 sampling points. Was held the simulation of two grazing to determining of GM and DM of Tifton 85. The Soil physical properties evaluated were soil resistance to penetration (RP) inferred by an electronic penetrometer, density, microporosity, macroporosity and total soil porosity determined from the collection of undisturbed soil samples in layers 0.00-0.05 and 0.10-0.15 m. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and correlation matrix of Pearson. The results showed that the production of green mass production and dry mass of Tifton 85 have variability considered moderate to high and significant correlations with soil resistance to penetration and the density of soil in layers of 0.00-0.10 and 0.10-0 15 m, respectively.


To solve the problem of local map building in the field of mobile robot navigation, we analyze advantages and drawbacks of several kinds of range finders, the model of laser range finder and its nonlinear problem which appears in local map building. A novel method is presented based on commonly model in autonomous mobile robot local map building. This method adopts weighted least means square to build local map and it can be easily implemented and has high precision. The emulation and experiment result shows that the method can effectively reduce the error of curve fitting in the field of robot navigation.


Thermal treatment of polyacrylonitrile synthesized by means of ionic polymerization, radiation polymerization, or redox initiation yielded substances giving signals in the EPR spectrum and possessing semiconductor properties. From the temperature dependence of the electroconductivity the activation energy was determined, and from the data on the EPR spectra the number of unpaired electrons (1018–5 × 1019/g.) was calculated. The thermoelectromotive force was determined and the existence of a Hall effect established. Addition of copper, iron, and chromium ions to the initial polymer lowers the activation energy and increases the width of the EPR signal. On dehydrobromination of natural rubber bromides and dehydrochlorination of polyvinyl chloride, conjugated double bond polymers were obtained, and their electrical properties were determined. Semiconductor properties were found in condensation products of phthalic anhydride with hydroquinone and the activation energy of these compounds was determined.


To obtain timely and continuous water-quality information, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooper with State and other Federal agencies, has been using an innovative real-time monitoring approach for s Kansas streams. Continuously recorded data and data from periodic collection of water-quality samples are used to develop surrogate relations between turbidity and constituents of concern. Regression equation developed to estimate total suspended solids and fecal coliform bacteria from continuous turbidity measur collected from 1995 through 1998 on the Little Arkansas River in south-central Kansas. The equations were a to data collected in 1999 to estimate constituent loads. Estimated total suspended solids loads were 4 613 million pounds per year for the two sites in the study. Estimated fecal coliform bacteria loads were 30,00 and 32,000,000 billions of colonies per year. Despite some large differences between instantaneous measu regression-estimated loads, continuous monitoring of turbidity in streams may increase the accuracy o estimates that may be useful for calculating total maximum daily loads (TMDL's). The availability of this data in time also may be useful for considering whole-body contact and recreation criteria, for adjusting water-trea strategies, and for preventing adverse effects on fish or other aquatic life.