We analyze orbital stability of satellites (moonlet, spacecraft) near a slowly rotating axisymmetric asteroid. Using simple point mass models as a guide, we discover an unstable region near the equatorial plane of an indented asteroid. The existence of stable/unstable regions is confirmed numerically for a realistic "peanut" model asteroid. The stable region is found to survive small asteroidal rotation about an axis of maximum moment of inertia. A simple semi‐empirical formula is found for the orbital tilt angle as a function of asteroid rotation speed. Implications for motion about realistic asteroids are discussed.


Objective To introduce a new method of the appendectomy. Methods Since 1993 we adopted orthophoriascopy to perform appendectomy on 848 cases. The experience was summarized. Results Among 848 cases, 721 was successful with the successful rate bing 85.2% . The hospital stay was reduced from 7 days to 47 h. 703 cases were visited afterward from 6 months to 7 years. All recoverd. No obvious complication occurred in one case.Conclusions This method has some merits: easy to operate, microinvasiveness, looking for and drawing appendix exactly, pulling mildly and recovering rapidly.


ABSTRACT We know little about what constitutes "typical" testimony offered by psychological experts in capital sentencing trials. Experts may address mitigating factors to the jury during the penalty phase, but the mitigators typically offered, as well as the evidence presented to support the relevance of the mitigators, remains poorly understood. A sample of 94 capital trial transcripts were content analyzed. Findings suggest that expert presence was unrelated to sentencing judgments. Analysis of testimony content revealed that testimony concerning childhood abuse, mental illness, and family issues (i.e., a parent in prison or witnessing domestic violence) occurred in over 50% of the cases involving experts and that intelligence tests and personality assessments were the most frequently used assessment tools. The type of mitigating evidence presented (i.e., whether the testimony focused on the individual's characteristics or the environmental factors that influenced the individual during development) varied considerably across cases. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.


In this paper we describe a dynamic model and control system for a human platform diver. The dynamic model is a 38 degree-of-freedom rigid body model with dynamic parameters similar to those given in the literature for humans. The control system uses a state machine, algorithms for balance, and proportional-derivative servos to balance the model on a 10 meter platform, to generate the angular velocity for the dive, and to perform the maneuvers required during the dive. The motion of the simulated divers closely resembles video footage of dives performed by human athletes. The control and simulation techniques presented in this paper will be useful for analysis of sports performance and to as a source of realistic motion for synthetic actors.


Objective: To construct the lentiviral RNA interference (RNAi) vector of human ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) gene. Methods: Three target sequences were selected according to ODC mRNA sequence, the complementary DNA contained both sense and antisense oligonucleotides were designed and synthesized. After phosphorylation and annealing, these double strands DNA were cloned to Bgl Ⅱand Hind Ⅲ sites of pSuper. Then the product pRiODC was confirmed by electrophoresis and sequencing. Next, ODC shRNA was cloned to pHR' CMVGFP, a transfer vector of lentivirus, pHRi-ODC/GFP was produced. And it was cotransfected along with AR8.2 and pCMVVSVG into HEK293T to package lentivirus particles. The functional titer was determined by FCM after transduction in HEK293T cells. At the mean time, the viral RNA copies were quantified by Real-Time RT-PCR method. Results: It was confirmed by digestion and sequencing that ODC shRNA expression structure was correctly cloned to pSuper and pHR' CMVGFP respectively. The functional tiler of unconcentraled virus and concentrated virus were 6.3×104TU/ml and 7×106TU/ml respectively, and their RNA copies were 3.4×108 copies/ml and 3.6×1010 copies/ml. Conclusion: RNAi lenlivirus veclor of human ODC gene has been constructed, which is the essential building block required for the ODC related gene therapy research.


It is shown that, for a given tesselation structure, the existence of finite mutually erasable configurations is necessary and sufficient for the existence of strongly Garden of Eden (GOE) configurations.
[Private communication to Serafino Amoroso, John Myhill, and Sven Skyum, September 1974]


We recall that a group 0 is an .PC-group if for every xeG the set of conjugates {x1 g e G} is a finite set. Our interest here is with those groups 0 which are not r e groups while every proper subgroup of 0 is an -PC-group: such groups are called minimal non-FC-groups. Locally finite minimal non-.PC-groups with (? + (?' are studied in [1] and the structure of these groups is reasonably well understood. In [2] Belyaev has shown that a perfect, locally finite, minimal non-.FC-group is either a simple group or a p-group for some prime p. Here we make use of the results of [5] to refine the result of Belyaev and provide a positive answer to problem 51 of [11]; in particular, we prove the following


Rome had to make a special organisational and financial effort in order to meet its army's needs while at war with the Carthaginians in Spain. Only young Scipio's campaign relieved the pressure on the Roman public treasury, and at the same time provided a glimpse into the huge resources of the Hispanic regions. In this paper, the costs of his campaign are quantified and compared to the substantial income derived from plundering in the area. This positive outcome ratifies this war's (all wars') economic usefulness and its merciless justification.


Initial care of the sick neonate is crucial to his outcome. To improve this care, a full-time transport team of nurses, fellows, and faculty was established in 1974 that provided nurse-physician education, consultation, and neonatal transport. An 80 hour didactic course on the recognition and stabilization of the high risk neonate was attended by 222 nurses in 1974-76. Using a mobile intensive care unit, 614 babies were transported from 55 predominantly rural hospitals within a 125 mile radius. At each transport, status of the neonate, educational interactions, and an evaluation of referring hospital capabilities were recorded. Diagnosis and therapy were discussed in detail with 40% of the referring physicians and 21% personally participated in management. Nursing staff participation provided the team with an opportunity to develop and reinforce concepts previously presented in didactic sessions. During the second year of operation. improved care was reflected by increased referral at 0-2 hours of age (31% in 1975 vs 23% in 1974), initial temperature > 36°C (79% vs 63%). dextrostix >45 mg% (64% vs 42%), prior IV therapy (33% vs 19%), and proper monitoring of infants (64% vs 38%). The incidence of infants receiving minimal or no care prior to transport decreased from 31% to 15%. These results indicate the value of broadening the scope of a transport program to include on-going assessment of referral capabilities, appropritately directed consultation and reinforced nurse-physician education.


Coronal reshaping was done in conjunction with other types of periodontal therapy, such as scaling, curettage and periodontal surgery.The principal results that have been observed after comprehensive periodontal therapy including coronal reshaping were reduction of the mobility of teeth, change in the position of teeth, improvement in the amount and density of the alveolar hone (radiographically), change in the relation of the mandible or the maxilla, elimination of the bruxism and elimination of pain and improvement in function of the temporomandibular joint.The reduction in tooth mobility was marked in some cases and resulted in firm teeth with no clinical evidence of mobility. In other cases, but some mobility remained.The closure of contact between teeth and the movement of teeth into new positions occurred without the use of orthodontic aids.There was an increase in the height of bone, with filling of the bony defects.Bruxism is especially destructive in patients with minimal anterior overjet and steep interlocking cusps of the posterior teeth. Coronal reshaping helped to increase the overjet of anterior teeth and to reduce the size of occlusal contacts and the steepness of cuspal inclines of the posterior teeth.


This paper explores the applicability of the utility theory as a basis for developing deflection control criteria for concrete structural members. The approach considers uncertainties in member behavior and loading as well as lack of well-defined discrete serviceability limits. Monte Carlo simulation is used to develop histograms of selected deflection parameters. A serviceability loss function is then specified to define the onset of serviceability failure and an upper limit representing complete serviceability failure with associated costs. Optimum structural parameter (member depth) is obtained by minimizing total cost consisting of initial construction cost and probabilistic cost of failure. A parametric study was performed to compare the thickness of one-way slabs obtained by the proposed procedure and the minimum thickness values in current American Concrete Institute (ACI) code provisions. In general, the proposed procedure results in smaller thicknesses than the current code for shorter spans and larger thicknesses for longer spans. These findings indicate that the ACI minimum thickness rules are adequate for minimum thickness up to approximately 20 ft, the typical span range for both ends continuous and one end continuous one-way slabs.


We have investigated the dependence of the growth‐induced anisotropy on the orientation of the crystalline growth face in a series of (YLaEu)3 (FeGa)5 O12 films epitaxially grown so that the growth face normal deviates from the [111] direction in a (110) plane by angles varying from 0° to 14.6°. We have determined the direction of the respective net easy axis tilt angles and have found them all to lie in the (110) tilt planes at angles ranging up to ∼60°. We have also measured the azimuthal dependence of the ferromagnetic resonance field in the film plane for the various samples. The tilt angle data were analyzed using an expansion for the growth induced anisotropy carried to fourth order in β, the direction of the growth face normal. The results of this analysis were used to compute the angular variation of the ferromagnetic resonance field; the results are qualitatively correct in shape although deviating quantitatively by ∼20%. In contrast, the conventional fit to second order in β is qualitatively i...


An assertion was made that "There are no sex differences in Stroop interference" (MacLeod, 1991, p. 203) in spite of some evidence to the contrary (e.g., Sarmany, 1977). To resolve the discrepancy, this study examined the nature of gender differences in the context of other variables. 8 men and 8 women were tested, using response speed and errors made as dependent measures. Independent variables were gender, perceptual input (Stroop) task, congruency of stimuli, manual response output, and trial block. Contrary to MacLeod, men were consistently slower than women over trial blocks by some 46 msec., although their error rates did not differ significantly. Response output interacted with gender, with Stroop task, and with trial block. Congruent stimuli were processed faster than incongruent ones. Differences may be ascribed to greater verbal and fine motor abilities of women and greater spatial ability of men.


To improve the rural environment problem and reduce the excessive and improper use of the pesticide,aquestionnaire survey was conducted to 283farmers in the food and vegetable producing areas of Hebei Province.Related data obtained through questionnaire about the farmers' pesticide use risk perception and aversion will,and use Probit model to analyze inflating factors on farmers aversion will on pesticide use risk.The result showed that factors such as famers' education level,the number of years engaged in agricultural production,planting scale and technology training will work remarkably affected the perception and aversion will on farmer's pesticides use risk.There were three important suggestions to improve the farmers' environmental risk aversion will:stimulate farmers' environmental protection consciousness,regulate the pesticide market order,and standardized production by establishing agricultural cooperation organization.


Post 11 September 2001, a question that dominates International Refugee Law is whether exclusion provisions of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees are capable of efficiently excluding terrorist suspects even without the existence of a universally accepted definition of terrorism? Or in other words, is the existence of a universally acceptable generic definition of terrorism, a requisite for successful exclusion of all undeserving terrorists from being granted refugee status? This paper argues that no such definition of terrorism is required for successfully excluding undeserving terrorist suspects from being granted refugee status, because, the legal mechanisms in Article 1F ensures exclusion from refugee protection of every undeserving terrorist suspect. Hence, acceptance of any such generic definition of terrorism, in practice, will not result in any new category of undeserving persons to be excluded.


This paper presents results of a study utilizing computer simulation of vehicular traffic in the downtown area of Garland, Texas. A general discrete digital simulation model, the Vehicle Traffic Simulator (VETRAS), developed by IBM Corporation, was used for the simulation. Using data supplied by the City of Garland, traffic patterns for three peak periods of daily operation—A.M., Noon, P.M.—were simulated. Two simulations were run for each period. In the first, intersections were controlled with signal settings currently in use in Garland. In the second, intersections were controlled by signal settings derived via a pattern optimization algorithm. A minimum interference technique was used to compute coordinated signal settings and offsets to maximize arterial and network performance.
 The results show that arterial and network performance improves in each of the peak periods using the computed signal settings. Further, there is a direct relationship between volume and relative improvement. Estimated cost benefits for these improvements are also presented.


It is possible to elaborate adequate methodologies for collecting social wasps from the knowledge of their behavior. Thus, the objective of the present study was to compare the attractiveness of different sized PET bottles (plastic soda bottles) (by volume), types of juice and variety of attractive flavors of juice in elaborating attractive traps to optimize the method for diverse works involving social wasps. The work was elaborated in the Botanical Garden of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, between the years of 2015 and 2016, and was divided into three experiments. The three experiments did not present a significant difference in relation to the richness or abundance of social wasps species, therefore the bottle volume choice used as traps, the type of juice (natural or artificial) and the variety of attractive substance should be selected according to practicality and low economic value. As such, the use of 0.5 L PET bottles as attractive traps filled with 150mL of mango, guava or passion fruit artificial juice is suggested.


Biological and engineering experience suggests that modularity is an important aspect in the design of complex systems such as neural networks. However, functional specialization in adaptive modular networks, where a network module becomes more specialized for a specific function than other modules, is not well understood. Such understanding is needed, both to guide the growing number of computational studies of modular neural networks, and to comprehend the functional specialization that is an important property of many biological systems.
This dissertation presents a systematic, three part study of various aspects of functional specialization in artificial modular neural nets. First, the factors causing emergence of specialization during learning in modular networks are investigated. It is shown that various parametric asymmetries, such as different module sizes or asymmetric learning rates, can easily produce a strong degree of specialization in the network, even in the absence of direct competition between modules. Second, networks with specialized modules are shown to be capable of withstanding substantial amounts of damage to the model, either through the changes in the system's internal state (weights) or through automatic rerouting of the information processing flows to undamaged regions. Third, a more fundamental question of emergence of individual and population specialization through evolution is studied by simulating the evolutionary process with a genetic algorithm. It is demonstrated that by utilizing such fitness criteria as minimization of a network's energy consumption, response time, and density of connections, the evolutionary search is influenced to consistently discover asymmetric architectures of modular networks having functional specialization. The results presented here will be of interest to those studying various computational aspects of modularity in neural networks, such as value of redundancy, competition among modules, and the overall dynamics of modular systems.


The research on the correlation analysis between the deoxidizing amount of root system of eight flax varieties and the main agricultural properties on ground showed that the deoxidizing amounts of flax reached the peak in fruiting and flowering stages,and then reduced.In whole root system,the deoxidizing amounts of the upper,middle and lower section accounts for 73.31%-76.86%,16.2%-18.17%and 6.95%-9.26%respectively.The deoxidizing amount of flax is correlated positively with fruit number per plant,grain number per plant grain weights and flower numbers significant or extremely significant,and negatively with fruiting probability.


An operational semantics for lazy evaluation of a calculus without higher order functions was defined. Although it optimizes many aspects of implementation, e.g. there is a sharing in the recursive computation, there is no α conversion, the heap is automatically reclaimed, and an attempt to evaluate an argument is done at most once. It is still suitable for reasoning about program behavior and proofs of program correctness; this is primarily due to the definition via inferences and axioms which allows for proofs by induction on the height of the proof tree. We also proved the correctness of this operational semantics by showing that it is equivalent with respect to the values calculated to the operational semantics of LAZY-PCF+SHAR due to S. Purushothaman Iyer and Jill Seaman.


Abstract This paper presents algorithms for nonlinear and adaptive control of the viral load in a HIV-1 infection model. The model considered is a reduced complexity nonlinear state-space model with two state variables, representing the plasma concentration of un-infected and infected CD4+ T-cells of the human immune system. The viral load is assumed to be proportional to the concentration of infected cells. First, a change of variables that exactly linearizes this system is obtained. For the resulting linear system the manipulated variable is obtained by state feedback. To compensate for uncertainty in the infection parameter of the model an adaptation mechanism based on a Control Lyapunov Function is designed. Since the dependency on parameters is not linear, an approximation is made using a first order Taylor expansion.


Abstract Introduction: Intoxication with new psychoactive substances (NPSs), colloquially known as designer drugs, has become a significant problem in the last several years. The aim of the study was to conduct a statistical analysis of retrospective data from test records for the presence of NPSs in patients hospitalized in 2015–2018 in the West Pomeranian province. Materials and methods: We analyzed 5,916 results of tests undertaken at the Department of Clinical and Forensic Toxicology at Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin. Blood samples had been analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and Headspace gas chromatography (GC/Headspace). Results: Our research was based on 5,916 diagnostic tests for poisoning with volatile and non-volatile organic compounds carried out in 2015–2018 at Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin. Psychoactive substances used for non-medical purposes were detected in 1,465 patients. In the period under analysis 1,328 of these patients were poisoned with classic psychoactive substances, the poisonings caused by the intentional use NPS were recorded in 137. Conclusions: A retrospective analysis of the above-mentioned data for the period 2015–2018 revealed a gradual increase in the incidence of poisoning with psychoactive substances used for non-medical purposes.


The article seeks to substantiate that contemporary epoch witnesses a rapid shift from the classical to information paradigm owing to an unprecedented impact of information technology on the sphere of education. The author examines the advantages and disadvantages of digital technology, focuses on the issues of Internet addiction, and concentrates on the necessity of developing school graduates' information competence within a well-built information environment. Finally, he provides a range of recommendations that are worth taking into consideration as the super-modern information and communications technology continue gaining young people's minds.


Individuals who consider themselves both scholars and fans represent not only a subculture of fandom but also a subculture of academia. These liminal figures seem suspicious to many of their colleagues, yet they are particularly positioned not only to be conduits to engaged learning for students but also to transform the academy by chipping away at the stereotypes that support the symbolic walls of the Ivory Tower. Because they are growing in number and gaining influence in academia, the scholar-fans of the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (Buffy) and other texts by creator Joss Whedon are one focus of this dissertation. Though Buffy academics or Whedon scholars are not the only ones of their kind (e.g., academicfan communities have cropped up around The Simpsons, The Matrix Trilogy, and the Harry Potter franchise), they have produced more literature and are more organized than any other academic-fan community. I approach all of my subjects—fandom, academia, fan-scholars, and scholar-fans—from a multidisciplinary perspective, employing various methodologies, including autoethnography and narrative inquiry. Taking several viewpoints and using mixed methods best allows me to begin identifying and articulating a rhetoric of scholar-fandom. Ultimately, I claim that Whedon academic-fans employ a discourse marked by intimacy, community, reciprocity, and transformation. In other words, the rhetoric of Whedon scholarfandom promotes an epistemology—a way of knowing—that in Parker J. Palmer's paradigm is personal, communal, reciprocal, and transformational. INDEX WORDS: Aca-fan, Academic-fan, Angel (television series), Astonishing X-Men (comic book series), Autoethnography, Browncoats, Buffy the Vampire Slayer (television series), Composition, Discourse, Dollhouse (television series), Dr. Horrible's Sing-a-long Blog (web series), English department, Fandom, Fans (persons), Fan-scholar, Firefly (television series), Fray (graphic novel), Gospel epistemology, Ivory Tower, Joss Whedon, Narrative inquiry, Parker J. Palmer, Popular culture, Rhetoric, Scholar-fan, Scholar-fandom, Scholardom, Serenity (motion picture), Writing centers TOWARD A RHETORIC OF SCHOLAR-FANDOM


The experiment was studied on the effects of different amount of 0、0.05% and 0.1% cellulase added to alfalfa meal for fermentation treatment of 10 days, 17 days, and 24 days respectively. The result shows that with 10~24 days' cellulase fermentation treatment. The pH value of the alfalfa meal debases generally; and the more cellulase added, the lower drops the pH value of the alfalfa meal. Alfalfa meal with 0.05% cellulase and a 17 day-fermentation-treatment boasts the highest crude protein content. However, 10~24 days fermentation treatment with any of the above-mentioned amount of cellulase does not affect the alfalfa meal's content of crude fat, dry matter, NDF, ADF, and phosphorus. When the duration of fermentation. Treatment lasts 17 days and with the larger amount of cellulase added the lower will recede the alfalfa meal's crude ash content; while the longer lasts the duration of the fermentation treatment with the largest amount of celllase (0.1%) added, the alfalfa meal's calcium content will increase. The experiment of digestibility of broilers indicates that alfalfa meal with a 17 day-fermentation-treatment will not affect the utilization rate of crude fat, NDF, and calcium of the broiler's digestive system.


The invention discloses pulping technology for a deinked waste paper pulp used for making high-grade culture printing paper. The pulping technology comprises the following processes of: (1) waste paper sorting and matching, (2) repulping, (3) screening and purification, (4) floatation and deinking, (5) heat dispersion, (6) bleaching, (7) loop water treatment, and (8) glue treatment. The deinked waste paper pulp used for making the high-grade culture printing paper has the characteristics of whiteness gain (percent ISO) of more than or equal to 20, glue removal rate of more than or equal to 98 percent, dust removal rate of more than or equal to 99.5 percent, totally combined ink content (ERIC) removal rate of more than or equal to 77 percent, cationic charge quantity demand PCD (ueq/l) of less than or equal to 300, and fiber yield of more than or equal to 70 percent, wherein important indicators such as the whiteness gain, the pulp dust removal rate, the glue removal rate, the PCD and the like basically meet the requirements on making the high-grade culture paper.


Numerous studies have affirmed the value of asynchronous online communication. Some researchers, however, have suggested that asynchronous discussions are too often neither interactive nor coherent. This research explores interactional coherence in asynchronous learning environments using Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST). Findings include that asynchronous discussions are structurally dynamic, that the prevalence of argumentation varies considerably from group to group, and that topic drift, so common in asynchronous discussions, does not occur as a matter of chance. Participants use topic drift in order to adapt discussion to a topic of preference. As such, topics do not drift so much as they are pushed and pulled. The application of rhetorical networks as a directed graph theory for representing the semantics of asynchronous interaction has interesting implications for online pedagogy, as well as for future technology development.


The recent declassification of major U.S. satellite reconnaissance programs offers a significant source of imagery to the civil community. With nearly two billion square kilometres of coverage collected over a 12-year period, a rich database of imagery will become available to environmental researchers, archaeologists, historians, and other users of archived imagery. Imagery collected by the CORONA, ARGON, and LANYARD systems pre-dates Landsat and Earth Resources Technology (ERTS) coverage and, thus, extends the historical archive of satellite imagery by 12 years. Unlike Landsat and ERTS imagery, however, the CORONA/ LANYARD/ARGON imagery was collected with film-return systems. For many potential applications, it will be desirable to place the data in digital format. This will require digitizing the film records. The National Exploitation Laboratory recently completed a study designed to determine the impact of digitizing resolution on the information content of the resultant digitized products. A sample of imagery (duplicate positives) was digitized with a sample of digitizers at various digitizing spot sizes. The digitized data were displayed in softcopy, and imagery analysts compared the softcopy images to the original hardcopy products. Information loss was measured in terms of the National Imagery Interpretability Scale (NIIRS). Results of the study provide the basis for selection of digitizer resolution as a function of information/bandwidth trade offs. A brief assessment of relative costs as a function of digitizer resolution was also made.


We have investigated the angular correlation in the recent cosmic microwave background data. In addition to the known large-angle correlation anomaly, we find the lack of correlation at small angles with high statistical significance. We have investigated various non-cosmological contamination as well as the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) team's simulated data. However, we have not found a definite cause. In the angular power spectrum of WMAP data, there exists anomalous odd-parity preference at low multipoles. Noting the equivalence between the power spectrum and the correlation, we have investigated the association between the lack of large-angle correlation and the odd-parity preference. From our investigation, we find that the odd-parity preference at low multipoles is, in fact, a phenomenological origin of the lack of large-angle correlation. Further investigation is required to find out whether the origin of the anomaly is cosmological or due to unaccounted systematics. The data from the Planck surveyor, which has systematics distinct from WMAP, will greatly help us to resolve its origin.


Based on the argument of how to construct harmonious hospital, the text elaborated the connotation of constructing harmonious hospital, pointed out its standard and the content, brought forward a suitable set of measure.


Changes which occur in fuel elements during irradiation in the Windscale or Calder Hall reactors are described. Particular attention is paid to behavior of the natural uranium fuel. Surface wrinkling is shown to be dependent on irradiation temperature as well as grain size. The microstructure of irradiated material is described. The slight decreases in density that occur also vary with irradiation temperature and are partly due to the development of small irregular voids in the metal. Changes in length and diameter are normally very small. Of special interest is the bowing of vertically stacked Calder Hall fuel elements. It is shown that the cartridges bow at a rate in agreement with the original predictions. Examination of aluminum cans after irradiation has revealed a slight increase in hardness but otherwise little change. The magnesium alloy used for the Calder Hall cans does not increase in hardness under similar conditions but may develop small gramboundary voids if slowly strained, especially at low temperatures. A brief summary is given of some of the important cause of the cartridge failures that have been examined. (auth)


Commercialization of innovative technologies: Bringing good ideas to the marketplace C Joseph Touhill, Gregory J Touhill and Thomas A O'Riordan John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, 2008, hardback, 252pp., ISBN: 978-0470230077


The rational use of water resources in agriculture is a key factor to achieve true sustainable development. The propagation speed of the wetting front is of great importance for water usage optimization in irritation scheduling. This paper presents the design and construction of an automated wetting front detector that allows registering the speed of water propagation through soil. In addition the equipment can be used to control the irrigation process. Finally the equipment can used to extract water samples for analysis of nitrates and salt content migration due to irrigation. The equipment was tested in an experimental rhizotron/lysimeter over a 10 day period. The results indicate that the equipment can be used for detecting when the water has reached a predefined depth, and thus the speed of water propagation. Moreover, the use of the equipment as part of irrigation scheduling can contribute to optimize water usage in agriculture. Keywords-Soil moisture, wetting front detector, irrigation scheduling, data logger.


Research on the influence of loss ratio on the profitability of insurance companies has grown in importance. This study aims to investigate the influence of loss ratio on the profitability of non-life insurance companies and the moderating role of the type of companies. Fifty-two non-life insurance companies in Thailand were selected to collect the financial database for this study. Results from Ordinal Least Square (OLS) regression found significant negative relationships between loss ratio and the profitability of non-life insurance companies related to profitability, return on assets, return on equity, profit margin, and net profit margin. In addition, the type of company influenced its loss ratio and profitability. In terms of organizational implications, our findings would suggest that enhancing underwriting functions and risk management policies to reduce the chances of, and impacts from, future losses or claim payouts will improve a company's profitability. In addition, balancing lines of insurance business will enhance and improve a company's profitability as well.
Keywords: Loss Ratio, Profitability, Non-Life Insurance Company


Conclusion Over the past two decades, new prescriptive design methods for wood-frame construction have been developed based on engineering mechanics and adopted by the model codes. Engineered prescriptive solutions are often used in high natural-hazard regions where the limits of conventional construction in the building codes may be exceeded. AF&PA's WFCM provides both engineered and prescriptive solutions for wood-frame structures subject to high wind, seismic, and snow loads. For more information on the WFCM, AWC's wood building design course or other educational materials, visit AWC's website at www.awc.org. References Douglas, B.K. and H. Sugiyama. 1994. Perforated Shear Wall Design Approach. Presented at the 1994 American Society of Agricultural Engineers International Winter Meeting. Paper No. 944548. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI. Polensek, Anton. 1976. Rational Design Procedure for Wood-Stud Walls Under Bending and Compression Loads. Wood Science. Vol. 9, No. 1. Sugiyama, Hideo. 1981. The Evaluation of Shear Strength of Plywood-Sheathed Walls with Openings. Mokuzai Kogyu (Wood Industry). Vol. 36, No. 7.


s : One of the family members of Meliaceae that now widely studied in its insecticidal activity is Aglaia genus. Some research results showed that the extracts of the plants A. argantea, A. odorata, A. elliptica, and A. odorattisima can deter the development and growth of insect. Crocidolomia pavonana is major pest of cabbage and inflict severe damage on cabbage plants. Instar 3 larval stage is the active stage of the meal. The part of cabbage that was destroyed is the growing point, so that the formation of the cabbage crop does not happen. The purpose of this research was to test the bioactivity of the stem bark extract of A. odorata against the deterrent activity of C. pavonana. Plant extracts were obtained by maseration method using methanol. The tested insects were male and adult female C. pavonana. Oviposition Deterrent Index of (IPO) at concentration of extract 0 , 25% was 0.12, on concentration 0.50% was 0.35, on concentration 0.75% was 0.66 and on concentration 1% was 0.95. This means that in every treatment there is a different number of eggs laid. The highest Oviposition Deterrent Index is at a concentration of 1% which is 0.95.


Efforts to integrate projection radiography into the digital environment have, to date, required signal degrading steps. The purpose of this study was to compare new directly acquired digital projection radiographic images to conventional film screen images. Fifty paired images (25 chest and 25 abdomen) were obtained under identical conditions and at comparable exposures using a new digital system and a conventional 200 speed film-screen system. This new direct x-ray converting full field 14 X 17 inch detector (Sterling Imaging) uses selenium coupled to a 2560 X 3072 thin film transistor array with a pixel pitch of 139 microns. The detector was easily retrofitted to existing radiographic equipment. After applying appropriate algorithms to obtain images that were comparable in gray scale appearance to conventional film, the 14 bit digital images were printed at full resolution (8 bit) on laser film. Detail evaluation of these paired images under identical viewing conditions, using standardized protocols that were formulated prior to imaging, was performed by three experienced radiologists for each body area. The hard copy clinical digital images were judged by all of the expert panel of radiologists to be superior or equivalent to their paired conventional film screen study (t-value confidence level of 10-6 for chest and .03 for abdomen).


It is believed that Low and Intermediate frequency Quasi‐Periodic Oscillations (QPOs) may be generated due to the oscillations of the post‐shock region which Comptonizes soft photons. Any movement of these perturbations is expected to change the QPO frequency systematically. Here, we report the presence of such systematic drifts both during the onset phase from the 7th of September 1998 to the 19th September 1998, when the QPO frequency was increasing monotonically from 81mHz to 13.1Hz. It started to decrease at the onset of the decline phase. On the 26th of September 1998, the QPO frequency gradually decreased to 2.62Hz and after that its value remains almost stable and no such systematic drift was observed. We therefore model the frequency drift with a propagatory oscillating shock solution. The systematic and predictable variation of the QPO frequency over a period of few weeks directly supports the view that it may due to the drifting of an oscillating shock rather than the movements of a blob inside ...


The present invention, during curing, the composite reinforcing material for self-adhesive to the diene rubber matrix about (R-2). The reinforcing member may be used as a reinforcing element for a pneumatic tire, such reinforcement is at least one reinforcing thin lines (20), for example, a carbon steel cord, a plurality of each fine wire individually or collectively thin line and a layer of thermoplastic polymer compositions which are covered as a thermoplastic polymer composition layer includes a thermoplastic polymer glass transition temperature is positive, functionalized unsaturated thermoplastic styrene glass transition temperature is negative made an elastomer, the elastomer having the functional group comprises an epoxide group, a carboxyl group, an acid anhydride compound group or acid ester functional groups selected from group. The present invention also a method of manufacturing such a composite stiffener, semi-finished rubber product or article, for such particular pneumatic tire having a composite stiffener.


Sexual reproduction was an early evolutionary innovation after the appearance of eukaryotic cells. It appears to have been very successful because most eukaryotes are able to reproduce sexually, and in many animals, it is the only mode of reproduction. And yet, scientists recognize some real disadvantages to sexual reproduction. On the surface, creating offspring that are genetic clones of the parent appears to be a better system. If the parent organism is successfully occupying a habitat, offspring with the same traits would be similarly successful. There is also the obvious benefit to an organism that can produce offspring whenever circumstances are favorable by asexual budding, fragmentation, or asexual eggs. These methods of reproduction do not require another organism of the opposite sex. Indeed, some organisms that lead a solitary lifestyle have retained the ability to reproduce asexually. In addition, in asexual populations, every individual is capable of reproduction. In sexual populations, the males are not producing the offspring themselves, so in theory an asexual population could grow twice as fast.


The impacts of climate change have prompted forest practitioners and decision makers to consider assisted migration (a form of plant translocation) as a management strategy. Historically, decisions around forest management, including the application of novel approaches, have been driven by the interests of particular groups and informed by a narrow range of knowledge inputs. Drawing on our program of social science research and that of others, we demonstrate: (a) the need to expand the range of groups consulted in climate‐adaptive forest management; (b) the necessity to incorporate a broader range of knowledge inputs; and (c) the development and application of deliberative approaches that facilitate both. Synthesis. We identify a novel deliberative agenda for understanding the societal aspects and implications of plant translocation research and practice, and make recommendations for mixed socially based research methods that revolve around engaging a diverse set of publics and forms of knowledge in environmental decision‐making and policy‐setting.


Purpose
The architecture, engineering and construction industry faces several challenges when performing life-cycle cost calculations. On the basis of activity theory, this study aims at improving our understanding of the current cost calculation in design practices as an activity system with a number of built-in contradictions.

Design/Methodology/Approach
Drawing on one of the authors' practical experience from a design office, the research design comprises a paradigmatic case study of a Danish architecture firm, in which data are gathered through documents, observations, interviews and physical artefacts. Moreover, this paper applies a literature review on barriers for adopting life-cycle costing.

Findings
The paper identifies a number of primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary contradictions between practices of design, cost calculations and data management. Thus, hypotheses are formulated on how and to what extent these different contradictions shape cost calculations in design practices to obstruct or support the application of life cycle costing principles in design.

Research Limitations/Implications
This study is part of an ongoing research project. Thus, additional analysis is required before the authors may conclude on final results.

Practical Implications
This paper identifies a number of factors that obstruct or support the implementation of life cycle costing in current design practices.

Originality/Value
This paper provides new insights into the various contradictions that shape data management in architectural offices as a prerequisite for improving life cycle design practices.


Y ou are aware that some people don't really appreciate essays or stories written in the second person. Most people will acknowledge the greatness of Lorrie Moore's collection Self-Help—particularly "How to Become aWriter"—but in general, these same people say, the choice to employ "you" so prominently in a creative work seems "gimmicky," a narrative trick designed to mask a lack of substance with a "style" that's no longer quite revolutionary or bold. Youhaveheardothers argue that the secondperson is aparticularly inappropriate choice for anessay, as its use creates a sense of distance between essayist and reader. It's as if the essayist is trying to disavow her own ideas and experiences, sublimating the "I" with a manufactured "you" that prevents the reader from fully encountering the author's mind on the page. To some extent, you have often agreedwith these critiques of the second person. Yet the truth is, you are an essayist who has employed the second person in your own work, more than once. Your essay "Dislocated"—about your own mental health problems—was written in the second person in an R E V I E W


Objective: To study the relevant factors of removable denture staining.Methods: A questionnaire survey and clinical examination were carried out in 226 patients with removable dentures,and multifactorial logistic regression analysis followed by monofactorial analysis was applied to analyze the data.Results: According to monofactorial analysis,sex,smoking,tea drinking,immersing denture in water during night,denture base abrasion,denture odour,base category,wearing time and cleaning methods were related to the denture staining with significant difference(P0.05).Logistic regression analysis displayed that smoking(OR=8.797),denture base abrasion(OR=7.777),denture odour(OR=3.385),wearing time(OR=2.283),base category(OR=0.336) and cleaning methods(OR=0.070) were main influencing factors of the denture staining.Conclusion: The risk factors(OR1) of denture coloration are smoking,denture base abrasion,odour and longer wearing time.The protective factors(OR1) are metal denture base and denture cleaners.


Twelve anaerobic fungal strains isolated from rumen and faeces of ruminants were screened for xylanase prodution. Isolate A4 strain identified as Neocallimastix had the highest xylanase activity among all isolates. With rice straw, corn straw , peanut straw and filter paper as fermentation substrates, the activities of xylanase by A4 were14.31 U/mL, 11.39 U/mL, 6.99 U/mL, 13.38 U/mL, respectively. The effect of cell-free rumen fluid and yeast extract on xylanase production was tested. The results showed that the concentration level of cell-free rumen fluid had no significant effect on xylanase production. However as yeast extract concentration decreased from 1.0 g/L to 0,5 g/L , the enzyme activity decreased significantly ( P 0.05) .


A singular negative resistance phenomenon was found in the measurement of I- V characteristics of inverted organic light emitting devices whose structure was Si/Al/Alq_3/PVK:TPD/PTCDA/ITO.Anal- ysis indicated that,when high voltage was injected,highly concentrated plasma formed in the device,and the life and mobility of carriers changed with the transformation of the voltage.At the same time,severe conductivity modulation effect made the device change from high resistance section to low resistance section. The main reasons for negative resistance effect were as mentioned above.By introducing bipolar mobility and bipolar diffusion coefficients,we combined hole current continuity equation with electronic current continuity equation,which explained I-V characteristic curve which had a section of negative resistance.


We analysed the results of long time-scale global three-dimensional resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations of radiatively inefficient accretion flows onto a black hole. We found that the power spectral density (PSD) ofthe time variation of the mass accretion rate has a power law dependence f - a with index a ∼ 1.5 in the frequency range 1M - 1 1 0 Hz < f < 80M - 1 1 0 Hz, where M 1 0 = M/10M is the mass of the black hole. The PSD has a high frequency break at f ∼ 80M - 1 1 0 Hz, above which a ∼ 2.4, and another break in the lower frequency range at f ∼ 1M - 1 1 0 Hz. Numerical results indicate that the high frequency break is related to disk oscillation in the innermost region of the disk. The lower frequency break of the PSD is due to the quasi-periodic mass accretion from the outer region.


This paper analyzes the performance of discrete input distributions (coded modulation) in certain 3 user interference channels. This approach is motivated in part by the necessity of using coded modulation in practical systems, and in part by the potential of discrete distributions for interference alignment as well as the demonstrated importance of discrete input distributions for transmission over the 2 × 2 interference channel when treating interference as noise. The contribution of this work includes the establishment of achievable rates subject to discrete (PAM) modulations. In the process, new bounds involving the minimum distance of the sum of discrete modulations have been developed that are useful for facilitating further work in this area.


The objective was to evaluate the effect of the interaction of diet density in the rearing phase×diet density in the reproductive phase on carcass composition, pregnancy rate, and litter performance of primiparous rabbit does. The experiment followed a 2×2×2 factorial (2 seasons, 2 diet densities in the rearing phase and 2 diet densities in reproductive phase, that is, from mating to weaning of the first litter). The reference diet (RD) contained 184 g/kg of crude protein (CP), 165 g/kg of acid detergent fibre (ADF) and 10.5 MJ/kg of digestible energy (DE). The low-density diet (LD) had 147 g/kg of CP, 24 g/kg of ADF and 8.4 MJ/kg of DE. The treatments were applied from 70 d of age until weaning of the first litter at 35 d of age. Ninety-six females from the Botucatu Genetic Group (24 females/experimental group) were mated at 142 d of age. On day 12 of gestation, 23 does were slaughtered to evaluate weights of carcass, organs and dissectible fat, and embryo implantation rate. No effects of diet density in the rearing or in the reproductive phases were detected on feed intake of does during the reproductive phase. Does fed LD during the rearing phase showed lower body weight at mating (3574±47 vs. 3866±43 g, P=0.0001) and during most of the reproductive phase, but they lost less weight in the peripartum. Perirenal fat was lighter in these does (72.8±10.0 vs. 102.1±9.6 g, P=0.048) and they showed a lower pregnancy rate (76.1 vs. 91.7%, P=0.045). The does fed RD in the reproductive phase were heavier during this phase (4055±40 g vs. 3887±41 g, P=0.0044). The does fed LD in rearing phase and RD in the reproductive phase showed larger litters at weaning, due to decreased kit mortality, than those fed RD in both phases (6.16±0.47 vs. 3.93±0.71, P=0.0361). Litters were lighter at weaning when LD was fed in the reproductive phase (3582±201 vs. 4733±187, P<0.0001). Feeding a low-density diet during the rearing phase and a reference diet during the reproductive phase is the best alternative to improve reproductive performance at the first parity.


Objective. Search for Salmonella and other bacteria in commercial eggs. Methods. Thirty-eight neighborhood grocery stores in the city of Medellin and its Metropolitan area were chosen at random; also from each grocery store 6 eggs were selected randomly, for a total of 228 tested eggs. Four samples from every egg were taken, 912 samples in total, which were divided in groups. Every group of samples was cultured in bacteriological media and PCR for Salmonella was performed. Results. The bacterium isolated from the samples were: Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacter sp., Serratia sp., Citrobacter sp., E. coli, Streptococcus viridans, Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus sp., Aeromonas sp., Sarcinas sp., Acinetobacter sp., E. hermanii, Proteus and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. All cultures and PCR were negative for Salmonella. Conclusions. According to these results, the isolation of contaminating bacteria, such as Aeromonas sp, E. coli, and S. aureus, in commercial eggs is relevant since some of them are potentially pathogenic to humans, especially children, the immunocompromised and the elderly. We can conclude that from June to November 2007, the period during which the samples were taken for this current study, Salmonella was not detected in commercial eggs in the city of Medellin and it's Metropolitan Area. * Para citar este artículo: Loaiza J, Sánchez M, Henao S, Cardona-Castro N. 2011. Detección de bacterias contaminantes en huevos para consumo en Medellín y su área Metropolitana. Rev CES Med Vet Zootec. Vol 6 (2): 20-28 .


In this paper, an active damping control strategy based on capacitance and voltage feedback is proposed to solve the resonance problem of three-phase LCL inverter grid-connected system. To solve the problem that the parameters of active damping control strategy are complicated and need to be adjusted repeatedly, a parameter design method is proposed in this paper, which is simple to implement and does not need to be adjusted repeatedly. Finally, the effectiveness of the control strategy and parameter design method is verified by experiments.


Review(s) of: Port Essington: The Historical Archaeology of a North Australian Nineteenth Century Military Outpost, by Jim Allen, Studies in Australasian Historical Archaeology 1, University of Sydney Press, Sydney, 2008, xvi+141pp, ISBN 9781920898878. Includes references.


The purpose of this research was to improve the diamond post-mining soil quality using a bioremediation composting method based on the cow manure and organic waste from a traditional market. This research was conducted for: 1) identifying the conditions for temperature, pH and moisture during the composting process; 2) analyzing the difference of variations in composition and the best composting durations. The bioremediation method used is open windrow composting, divided into four composition variations, namely variation A (100% soil); B (75% soil: 25% compost); C (50% soil: 50% compost); D (25% soil: 75% compost). The variations of composting duration are 15th and 30th days. From the result of two-way ANOVA test, it can be concluded that there is no significant difference in the decrease of Fe value due to the variations in composition ratio and duration of composting.


Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of gastric stump cancer and its was invalid surgical treatment.Methods 21 patients in our hospital clinical cure in 12 cases,5 cases improved,4 cases.Postoperative survival:only laparotomy or gastrojejunostomy in 8 patients were 3 to 6 months after death,palliative resection in 2 cases.Postoperative survival of 10 months,respectively,in 1 case,1 year in 1 case;remnant gastric cancer 11 cases,survival 1 to 3 years in 2 cases,survival of 3 to 5 years in 4 cases,5 patients survived for 5 years.Results Gastrectomy after endoscopic examination regularly,the early detection of residual cancer,gastric cancer surgery in time lines residues can improve the quality of life of patients and prolong survival of patients.


Due to the increase of volatile renewable energy resources, additional flexibility in the electricity system is necessary to ensure a technically and economically efficient network operation. To tap flexibilities like private storages, participatory developed and user-friendly technical solutions are essential. In this work, the acceptance and the market potential of a home energy management system with focus on i) grid optimization, ii) self-consumption optimization, and iii) additional functions for increased comfort is presented. This is determined by means of a representative survey. The main results show that the perceived usefulness and accessibility are the most important influence factors affecting the end user's intention to use. Based on the given acceptance, the solution provides a market potential of one third of the users for an increased use of flexibilities in the investigated area.


Abstract A young college football player was found to have scabies in the right axillary area and no other place. Epidemiologic investigation uncovered the source of his infection. The case report emphasizes the need for epidemiologic investigation on all patients with scabies.


The conditions facing the Brazilian ethanol market have created a need to improve the industry's understanding of price formation, and to analyze the effects of mandatory policies and the interaction between Brazil's ethanol, agricultural, and fuel markets. In this context, this study sought to analyze the behavior of ethanol production and consumption at the national and regional levels in Brazil from 2012 to 2016; hence, the supply and demand functions are estimated at national and at regional levels using the two‐stage least squares method. Our findings indicated that gasoline and anhydrous ethanol blended gasoline were substitutes for hydrous ethanol on the demand side in Brazil. At the national level, the estimates also showed that the income elasticity of hydrous ethanol characterizes it as a normal good. At the regional level, the regions with the highest production and consumption (southeastern and central‐western Brazil) responded to price variations less elastically than the other regions (southern, northeastern, and northern Brazil).


The best way to deal with organic wastes is composting it and returns to farmland. Compost can also be used as high quality seedling media by making some changes such as physical and chemical properties. The purposes of this experiment are to evaluate how the changes are made. Four composts, with one of them were ground into five particle sizes. Seedling media were made up of compost and peatmoss at different proportions. Cucurbit seedlings grown in the greenhouse were investigated.Resulted shown that air porosity and available water contents are significantly affected by particle sizes of the compost. The bigger particle sizes of the compost the higher air porosity, and the lower available water content. In wetting status, air porosity is 67%, 40%, 28%, 12%, 4% and available water content is 13%, 28%, 44%, 56%, 61% with respect to particle sizes of the compost 3~2 mm, 2~0.6 mm, 0.6~0.25 mm, 0.25~0.1 mm, and below 0.1 mm. Seedling growths show that particle size 2~0.1 mm is the best, its character's air porosity 17%, liquid phase 55%, available water content 42%, bulk density 0.21g/ml, specific gravity 0.74g/ml, mild pH is fit the criteria of idea media. The EC value and the ability of nutrients supply are important to the medium. EC values are significantly affected by organic materials, especially sea organic wastes that induce compost EC value 4~11 ms/cm. In order to achieve better seedling performance, it is necessary to reduce EC value to 1.58 ms/cm or lower by mixing compost with peatmoss. The sequences of salt tolerance for cucurbit seedling are muskmelon >luffa >watermelon. The abilities of nutrient supply are also significantly affected by composts. Peatmoss does have a good response for chemical fertilization than compost, so it is not important to apply fertilizer in the composted media. In addition, Composts mixed with peatmoss are more suitable to inoculate microorganism than media only contain peatmoss.


Lewis was a critical theorist at a time when theory was unfashionable, and his theory of narrative, especially, has dropped from view in recent years. This volume, edited by a colleague of C.S. Lewis, traces his critical reputation from his earliest days to his death in 1963.


As a new investment concept, ESG is the abbreviation of Environmental, Social and Governance. It is an investment concept and enterprise evaluation standard that focuses on corporate environmental, social and governance performance rather than financial performance. By analyzing ESG, we can evaluate the performance of enterprises in terms of sustainable economic development and fulfilling social responsibilities. In recent years, driven by PRI, ESGs have developed rapidly around the world. There are few studies in the existing literature dealing with the relationship between ESG performance and sustainability of companies in the heavy pollution industry, and even fewer studies have examined the mechanism of media attention as a mediating variable. To address the above issues, this paper firstly analyzes the theoretical analysis of ESG performance and sustainability, and analyzes the current situation of ESG performance and sustainability in heavy pollution industry, reveals the status of ESG performance and sustainability of listed companies in heavy pollution industry in China, and preliminarily explores the relationship between ESG performance and sustainability in heavy pollution industry companies.


Additional file 11: Table S5. Overview over the donors and sample nomenclature used in the analyses presented in the manuscript.


PURPOSE: A power storage device is provided to restrain deterioration based on a volume change of particles of an alloy-based anode material due to repeated charging and discharging, to retrain the formation of a solid electrolyte interface, and to have excellent charging and discharging performance. CONSTITUTION: An anode in a power storage device comprises a particle or a whisker of an alloy-based anode material, and a carbon layer which comprises graphene layers of 1-50 layers. The surface of the particle or whisker of the alloy-based anode material is covered with the carbon layer. The particle or whisker of the alloy-based anode material comprises silicon. The element except carbon and hydrogen contained in the carbon layer is 15 atoms% or less. A power storage device comprises the anode. [Reference numerals] (AA,DD) Alloy-based anode material; (BB) Graphene net; (CC,GG) Current collector; (EE) Binder; (FF) Conductive agent particle


The considerable heterogeneity of splenic marginal-zone lymphoma (SMZL) hinders firm conclusions concerning histogenetic origin and differentiation stage of the neoplastic cells. We analyzed a series of 41 SMZL cases, diagnosed on splenectomy specimens after established WHO criteria, and correlated histological, immunohistochemical and molecular findings in an attempt to gain insight into the origin(-s) of the currently elusive SMZL clonogenic cell(-s). A predominantly nodular growth pattern was observed in 23 cases; the remainder showed predominantly (11 cases) or exclusively (7 cases) diffuse infiltration. Twenty cases showed the "classical" biphasic appearance; the remainder were monophasic, mainly with MZ morphology; 8/41 cases were composed predominantly of small cells. CD5 was expressed in 2/37 analyzed cases; all cases were negative for CD43. CD21 and CD35 were expressed by a minority of cases (11/40 and 16/37 cases, respectively), generally in a concordant fashion (double positive or negative cases). Twenty-two out of 40 analyzed cases were DBA.44-positive; 4/39 evaluable cases co-expressed CD21/DBA.44, while 10/39 cases were double negative. Similar results were obtained for CD35/DBA.44 co-expression. Seventeen out of 37 analyzed cases were SIgD+; 12/22 analyzed cases were SIgM+SIgD+, 7/22 were SIgM+SIgD-, while one case was SIgM-SIgD+; 5/36 analyzed cases were SIgG+. Plasmacytic differentiation was observed in 4/41 cases. Fifteen out of 36 evaluable cases were CD21/SIgD double negative, while 5/36 co-expressed CD21/SIgD. Strong/weak CD27 staining was observed in 22/27 analyzed cases; 8/19 CD27+ cases were SIgD+. Among five CD27-negative cases, 3 were SIgD-positive. Forty IGHV-D-J rearrangements were amplified in 35/41 analyzed cases; double in-frame rearrangements were amplified in three cases. IGHV1/3/4 subgroup genes were used in 8/11/17 sequences. Twenty-five IGHV genes (all IGHV3 and 10/17 IGHV4) were mutated ( 3.0) replacement to silent (R:S) mutation ratios in the CDRs along with low ( confirm the considerable histological, immunohistochemical and molecular heterogeneity of SMZL lymphoma; indicate an origin from the diverse resident B cell populations of the normal splenic marginal zone and do not support a mantle-zone cell derivation; allude to the role of selective antigenic pressures in the pathogenesis of at least a subset of SMZL cases.


According to a three-year follow-up survey on wife from elsewhere in certain Subdistrict of Beijing Dongcheng district,it is found that as a special group of the floating population in Beijing,the wife from elsewhere experiences multiple body and sex encounter.Most of them have narrow daily interactions circles and incomplete social support system,they under larger fertility pressure and reproductive health risks,with a strong urban integration will and the more obvious "relative deprivation".To solve the integration of wife from elsewhere,civil affairs,public security,health,social security,financial and other sections need joint action to create a fair environment,and strengthen the support resources and broaden the scope of services.


The debate on novelties within the social movements examines the theories built underneath, as well as its composition, accounts, itineraries and sets of protest, that is, it also covers the practical dimensions of the references. In this theory-practice game, the agro-ecological social movement is a reference, among others, which empowers to discuss, to examine and to question the relationship of subordination that have existed between these two fields (theory and practice). What is new here is, if one can say so, to reproduce an exercise in order to reverse the link relationship and raise questions and creative spaces starting from the practice. This implies a series of epistemological considerations aiming to recreate a space of political production from the bottom, by transforming the conventional logic of universalism into a pluriversalism based logic. Within it, there is the quest for a new epistemological reference and situated knowledge construction where the social subject is the main focus of the created scenary. According to this relationship, the agro-ecological movement is examined as a holder of experiences and practices which  allow to build link relationships between a theory under permanent construction and a practice based on the creative externality of the subjects in action.


Alkali-activated materials (AAM) exhibit remarkable high-temperature resistance which makes them perspective materials for high-temperature applications, for instance as fire protecting and insulating materials in industrial furnaces. Series of experiments were carried out to develop optimum mix proportions of AAM based on chamotte with quartz sand (Q), olivine sand (OL) and firebrick sawing residues (K26) as fillers. Aluminium scrap recycling waste was considered as a pore forming agent and 6M NaOH alkali activation solution has been used. Lightweight porous AAM have been obtained with density in range from 600 to 880 kg/m3 and compressive strength from 0.8 to 2.7 MPa. The XRD and high temperature optical microscopy was used to characterize the performance of AAM. The mechanical, physical and structural properties of the AAM were determined after the exposure to elevated temperatures at 800 and 1000°C. The results indicate that most promising results for AAM were with K26 filler where strength increase was observed while Q and OL filler reduced mechanical properties due to structure deterioration caused by expansive nature of selected filler.


The objective of this study is to determine the rates and predictors of consulting faith healers by patients with schizophrenia, and therapeutic rituals practiced by therapists in Najaf province/Iraq. 70 patients, aged 18 years and older who attended the psychiatric out-patient unit in Najaf were invited to assess their previous contacts with faith healers. Our data demonstrated that prior faith healer's consultation rate was 80%. Being younger, less formally educated, married, and female was significantly associated with faith healer's consultation. Fourteen types of religious therapeutic rituals were identified. We concluded that faith healer's consultation is popular and accessible among patients with schizophrenia in Iraq. Some rituals are harmful. Collaborative work with faith healers is recommended for a better quality of care.


A new 40-inch-diagonal color dc plasma display panel (cell pitch:0.65mm, 800x1340 cells) with both a resistor-in-cell structure and a phosphor screen on the side wall and bottom of the cell has been developed through the improvement on the large-area panel fabrication technologies. Stable HDTV picture have been experimentally reproduced on a compact display using the new panel and pulse memory drive circuits. The peak white luminance is 150 cd/m2. The lifetime of the 40-inch panel is expected to be over 30,000 hours, judging from the results obtained using a medium-sized panel under the same conditions.


With the development of deep convolution neural networks (CNNs), contour detection has made great progress. Some contour detectors based on CNNs have better performance than human beings on standard benchmarks. However, it is easier for CNNs to learn the similar features of adjacent pixels, and the number of background pixels and edge pixels in the input training sample is highly imbalanced. Therefore, the prediction edge by the edge detector based on CNNs is thick and requires post-processing to obtain crisp edges. Accordingly, we introduce a novel parallel attention model and a novel loss function that combines cross-entropy and dice loss through the use of adaptive coefficients, and propose a novel bidirectional multiscale refinement network (BMRN) that stacks multiple refinement modules in order to achieve richer feature representation. The experimental results show that our method has better performance than the state-of-the-art on BSDS500 (ODS F-score of 0.828), NYUDv2 depth datasets (ODS F-score of 0.778) and Multi-Cue dataset (ODS F-score 0.905(0.002)).


On the basis of a case of thyroid primary lymphoma observed and in the light of the literature. The distinctive features of this rare pathology are discussed.


This research focuses on the pain point of brain drain in Wuhan. Based on the questionnaires of ten colleges in Wuhan, the collected data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software. With Chi-square test, obtained three control variables: student gender, school type and birthplace. Using factor analysis, got four common factors: development factor, talent policy factor, living environment factor, life stress factor. Through binary logistic regression, getting the influence of control variables and common factors on local university students' employment intention in Wuhan.


Abstract : The Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) CVX Program Office, PMS-378, is conducting a series of trade-off studies to provide the necessary inputs for the creation of the Operational Requirements Document (ORD) for the Tactical Aviation (TACAIR) sea-based platform for the 21st century, the CVX. SSC San Diego, UAV Project Office, has been assigned two of these studies. This study is the second of the two studies, addressing general operational and physical design characteristics required to incorporate unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) organic to CVX operations. Analysis includes both operations from a detachment standpoint (four airframes) and from a squadron standpoint (12 airframes). Potential impact areas include CVX deck structure, launch capabilities, recovery methods, maintenance spaces, storage spaces, personnel living spaces, command and control spaces and workstations, communications and data transmission paths, and ship antennae requirements.


The study of multiply-charged ion – solid interactions is of considerable technological importance for the understanding of material damage, surface modification, and plasmawall interactions. The recent availability of sources for slow highly charged ions (HCI), namely electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) and electron beam ion sources (EBIS) has led to a flurry of research activities, both experimental and theoretical, in the field of HCIsolid interactions [1-3]. On the most fundamental level, its importance is derived from the complex many-body response of surface electrons to the strong Coulomb perturbation. Due to the intrinsic multi-particle nature of the interactions large systems have to be simulated requiring the use of large scale computer systems. Depending on the type of simulation (Classical Trajectory Monte-Carlo (CTMC) simulation, ab-initio densityfunctional theory (DFT), time-dependent DFT) we use different types of computers optimized for serial processing (CTMC – low memory requirements, high clock rate) or linear algebra (DFT – large memory, broad and fast data bus). As an example we present in this report results for the transmission of highly charged projectiles through capillary targets.


AbstractThis paper presents an enhanced strain formulation for conventional displacement-based (DB) Timoshenko beam elements accounting for shear deformations. The proposed beam element is an exten...


After years of development,the digital television technology has been quite mature.Recently the digitization construction transformation has nearly finished in provinces television station studio,which accelerates the course of the point-to-point digitization broadcast.This article makes a brief introduction of the Fujian Province television station eight series television program digitization broadcasting,and then analyzes three technical problems which are modulation,adaptation and dithering,based on the digital transmission maintenance.


This article entitled "Owning the Caribbean: sustainable development, innovation and entrepreneurship" was written within the framework of the first Caribbean Youth Forum organized by Caribbean Universities in November 2018. This is a comparative study between the young people of Martinique and Saint Lucia to demonstrate their degree of participation in the environmental policy of their respective countries. To what extent can education about sustainable development and strategies for resistance to climate change be an important element to improve the environment of these Caribbean islands? Urdine Darius analyzes the solutions proposed by young entrepreneurs and asks about the strategies to be implemented for a more innovative management of the environment in Martinique and Saint Lucia.


To deliver successful project management, specific processes need to be performed in all project phases – initiation, planning, execution, and closure. This paper explores the correlation between successful project management and the implementation of three main processes – monitoring, evaluation, and quality assurance. On the basis of practical research and application of expert assessments inquiry, involving 16 experts with proven expertise and long-term experience in project management, the article examines the strategic importance of the three processes. Furthermore, practical recommendations for their implementation are formulated as vital prerequisites for successful projects that lead to organisational competitiveness, improvement of performance, and progressive growth.


A novel peptide having free radical scavenging activity was separated, using an on-line highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ABTS screening method, from bovine skim milk fermented by Lactococcus lactis SL6 (KCTC 11865BP). It was further purified using reverse phase-HPLC (RP-HPLC) and sequenced by RP-HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. The amino acid sequence of the identified peptide was determined to be Phe-Ser-Asp-Ile-ProAsn-Pro-Ile-Gly-Ser-Glu-Asn-Ser-Glu-Lys-Thr-Thr-Met-Pro-Leu-Trp (2,362 Da), which is corresponding to the C-terminal fragment of bovine α s1 -casein (f179-199). The hydroxyl radicals scavenging activity (IC 50 28.25±0.96 μM) of the peptide chemically synthesized based on the MS/MS data showed a slightly lower than that of the natural antioxidant Trolox (IC 50 15.37±0.52 μM). Furthermore, derivatives of the antioxidant peptide were synthesized. The antioxidative activity of the derivatives whose all three proline residues replaced by alanine significantly decreased, whereas replacement of two proline residues in N-terminal region did not affect its antioxidative activity, indicating that 3 proline in C-terminal region is critical for the antioxidative activity of the peptide identified in this study. In addition, N-terminal region of the antioxidant peptide did not show its activity, whereas C-terminal region maintained antioxidative activity, suggesting that C-terminal region of the peptide is important for antioxidative activity.


In the present paper we have evaluated the seismic response of a Reinforced Concrete (RC) existing building located in an area classified as high seismicity zone and designed, in the past, only for gravitational loads. We have compared traditional and innovative steel braces for the seismic retrofitting by using a Displacement Based Approach. The innovative steel braces allow a significant improvement of the seismic behavior of the building by providing a better dissipation of the seismic input energy in the structure and thus ensuring a better performance of the RC structure in the elastoplastic range. Unlike the traditional retrofitting, the innovative strategy allows to significantly reduce the plasticization of the structural frame at the ultimate limit state, in order to minimize the post-seismic actions on the structure.


Refugees — Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951 — Article 31(1) — Interpretation — Appellant entering Norway illegally — Whether appellant protected by Article 31 — Whether appellant presenting himself without delay to authorities and showing good cause for illegal entry or presence — Meaning of "without delay" — Whether Court of Appeal's interpretation of term correct — Whether appellant should be acquitted — Norway, Supreme Court


An XMM-Newton campaign dedicated to the study of the X-ray emission of the colliding wind massive binary WR140 across its 2009 periastron passage has been undertaken. The high quality EPIC spectra revealed a strong phase-locked variability both in flux and in spectral shape. The observed variations are consistently explained by the varying emission measure of the emitting plasma along the eccentric orbit, and by the changing absorption column density along the line of sight. Our results are first interpreted in the context of simple multi-temperature thermal emission models, and prospects for more sophisticated modelling are discussed.


A siloxane polymer is made by providing a first compound having the chemical formula SiR R where a is from 1 to 3, R is a reactive group, and R is an alkyl group or an aryl group, and providing a second compound having the chemical formula SiR R R where R is a cross- linking functional group, R is a reactive group, and R is an alkyl or aryl group, and where b=1 to 2, and c=1 to (4-b). The first and second compounds are polymerized together to form a siloxane polymer. The siloxane polymer can be then used in a final composition where the siloxane polymer comprises from 5 to 100% by weight, and filler (e.g. microparticles, nanoparticles, nanowires, etc.) comprises from zero to 95% by weight. The siloxane polymer composition is useful in a variety of areas such as an adhesive, e.g. as a die attach adhesive in semiconductor (e.g. LED) packaging applications, encapsulants, optical coatings, protective coatings, and other applications.


This investigation was undertaken to develop and test methods for tracking the state of the autonomic nervous system. Different regions of the heart rate spectrum are known to reflect changes in tone of the two branches of the autonomic nervous system. Because these changes have been shown to affect prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease, a commercial Holter analysis system was adapted to track them. The mid-frequency range was shown to be too corrupted by vagal activity to be useful as a measure of sympathetic tone. Significant circadian variations in high-frequency RR variations were observed but changes preceding periods of ST segment depression were not.<<ETX>>


Graduate architects assist architects in carrying out stage one work (design), stage two work (working drawings) and stage three work (site supervision) in Architectural Firms. Graduate Architects hold a Master's degree in Architecture and are yet to pass their professional examination. The capability of a graduate architect when assisting an architect in managing a project is critical in reducing performance barriers. This research aims to identify the most critical performance barriers that graduate architects face during project implementation. This paper examines the performance barriers that are faced by graduate architects and is a timely study as the increasing population and building construction developments will provide ample opportunities for them to perform better. A systematic literature review of credible sources from different databases, examining key issues related to performance barriers, has been carried out based on bibliographical variables and conceptual categories. Accordingly, a data set of fifty articles and five selected case studies were analysed using thematic analysis. The five most crucial performance barriers identified are external environment factors, poor project documentation management skills, lack of soft skills, inadequate quality assessment management skills, and a shortfall in design management skills. The study's outcome is expected to equip the graduate architects to devise proactive risk mitigation measures that will reduce the impact of these barriers and improve project delivery.


By constructing the model composed of three simultaneous equations including technological innovation,advertising intensity and market power,and using the data from 37 segments of Chinese industrial sectors in 2006 as samples,an endogeneity empirical test is made between market power and technological innovation from the level of industry.The results show that there is a bilateral causality relationship between market power and technological innovation,which means that market competition is conducive to business innovation activities,and enforcement of innovative ability can enhance the degree of the industrial competitive intensity.Moreover,the intensity of advertising and technological innovation are also interactive.Enterprises with more advertising expenditure have more intention to develop new products,while the enhancement of innovative ability will drive the investment into advertising which can show products differentiation.Property rghit structure has a significant negative effect on technological innovation,which means the state-owned enterprises are more lack of motivation to innovate,and the larger industry is,the more frequent innovation activities will be carried out.According to the parameters estimated by market power equation,the majority of Chinese industries are still in low-concentrated oligopoly market based on the "Behn standard",and industry resources need to be further optimally allocated.In addition,compared with the regression results of single-equation,simultaneous equation model could more accurately reflect the interactive mechanism between market power and technological innovation,so as to avoid deviations of empirical conclusions.


Observations with the Odin mm/submm space telescope have been made towards the Sgr A Complex (the CircumNuclear Disk, the +20 and +50 km s–1molecular clouds) in the Galactic Centre and we report here on the results of searches for H2O2, H218O and other molecules in these regions.


Apartment-building repeat-sales data are used to test a trading rule. Property values are estimated through regression; if the actual price is less than the estimated value, the property may be "undervalued." Returns are calculated for these "undervalued" properties and adjusted for risk using the Sharpe ratio. A test is done of whether these ratios are significantly different for different portfolios. The "undervalued" properties have higher appreciation returns, but once these are adjusted for risk, the differences in returns are not significant. The paper contributes to the real estate efficiency literature and suggests a workable method for comparing the performance of real estate portfolios on a risk-adjusted basis. Copyright American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association.


Human C-peptide or 'connecting' peptide is a 31 amino acid chain which originates in the pancreatic beta cells as a by-product of enzymatic cleavage of the precursor of insulin. This precursor is proinsulin and was first described by Steiner and Oyer. Transformation of proinsulin to insulin begins in the golgi apparatus and continues in the secretory granules of the beta cells. Insulin and C-peptide are secreted in equi-molar concentrations into the portal circulation but this relationship is not preserved in the peripheral circulation due to differences in first pass metabolism by the liver and due to insulin binding antibodies. The liver extracts approximately 50% of insulin delivered to it, in the first pass metabolism. This first pass metabolism of insulin is variable and unpredictable in individual patients. Hepatic extraction of C-peptide is negligible. Circulating insulin antibodies, found in some patients on insulin therapy, would interfere with insulin assays, rendering them unreliable as a predictor of residual beta cell activity. Also, the metabolic clearance rate of C-peptide is constant under different physiological circumstances and over the range of plasma concentrations usually encountered. Hence Cpeptide assays, which are now available, would serve as a more useful indicator of beta cell activity and insulin secretion than peripheral insulin assays.


The problem-oriented record, introduced at our Family Health Service in 1971, is used by all professions in all contacts with patients, including clinic visits, telephone calls, home visits, and hospitalizations. In our primary health care teaching service, nurses, physicians, and social workers collaborate to provide total health and illness care to families. Students in all disciplines receive educational experiences in clinical practice and interdisciplinary teamwork. Regular audit of the records increases the learning of staff and students. We share our experiences here to stimulate an exchange of ideas about adapting the problem-oriented record in various settings. Our discussion emphasizes the pediatric segment of this facility, in which we have been most extensively involved. The problem-oriented record was introduced by Weed as a logical means to organize the data in med-


It is a precursory field ethnography written in English in the 1980s which concerns about Donggan people living in Central Asia.It mainly focused on their distribution,origins,collective farms,language,food,clothes,marriage and family,house,religion,ethnical characters and nationalism,etc.Based on the descriptions related to the themes above,the writer attempted to reflect on Donggan people's future.As regards to the questions provided such as historical memory,ethnic identity,ethnic relationship,language and religion,etc.,which seemed to have new answers after 30 years transformation of Donggan society,and deserved to be studied diachronically.


This paper has introduced the composition of the virtual instrument, and has explained emphatically how to combine the sonic card with virtual software of computer together ingeniously ,formed one and multi-functional and virtual measurement instrument and at last illustrated, their use and adjusting method.


The study objective was to prioritize topics for future patient‐centered research to increase uptake of common vaccines, such as for pneumococcal pneumonia, influenza, herpes zoster, human papillomavirus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, among adults living with autoimmune conditions.


The flexible architecture provided by cognitive radio has spurned renewed interest in spectrum monitoring. To enable blind signal demodulation, the symbol rate must be determined. Recent techniques for determining symbol rates follow one of two broad approaches. The first approach estimates the carrier frequency and down-converts the signal for analysis at base-band. This approach is computationally expensive as carrier extraction hardware is needed for each modulation scheme. The other approach applies the wavelet transform to an over-sampled received signal to detect phase jumps and frequency changes. This paper introduces a new approach for detecting modulation-based carrier changes by monitoring the behaviour of an error signal associated with a direct frequency estimator. The proposed method has a simple architecture and eliminates the need for over-sampling seen in the wavelet transform approach. Symbol rate estimations were made under different carrier-to-noise ratios (CNRs) and modulation types and the results are provided.


Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is a unique B-cell neoplasm typified by lymphoplasmatic proliferation involving the marrow and the production of IgM


Due to expensive procurement cost and high operating cost, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is usually one of bottleneck resources in hospitals. As MRI is shared by multi-types of patients with different requirements of examinations, setup time is needed to change coil between different patient types. Therefore, the same type patients are arranged in a sequential order to reduce setup time. This paper proposes an integer linear programming model based on a long sample path of patient arrivals for optimizing the capacity allocation. The problem consists in determining the amount of capacity allocates to each type with the objective of balancing total cost and medical service fairness. Numerical experiments with various machine daily working time and setup time are performed to show the efficiency of the proposed approach and demonstrate that the proposed capacity allocation solution is better than the widely used capacity pooling solution.


Nitrogen use efficiency is mediated by vacuolar nitrate sequestration capacity in roots Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in crop plants is an important breeding target to reduce excessive use of chemical fertilizers, with substantial benefits to farmers and the environment. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), allocation of more NO3− to shoots was associated with higher NUE; however, the commonality of this process across plant species have not been sufficiently studied. Two Brassica napus genotypes were identified with high and low NUE. We found that activities of V-ATPase and V-PPase, the two tonoplast proton-pumps, were significantly lower in roots of the high-NUE genotype (Xiangyou15) than in the low-NUE genotype (814); and consequently, less vacuolar NO3− was retained in roots of Xiangyou15. Moreover, NO3− concentration in xylem sap, [15N] shoot:root (S:R) and [NO3−] S:R ratios were significantly higher in Xiangyou15. BnNRT1.5 expression was higher in roots of Xiangyou15 compared with 814, while BnNRT1.8 expression was lower. In both B. napus treated with proton pump inhibitors or Arabidopsis mutants impaired in proton pump activity, vacuolar sequestration capacity (VSC) of NO3− in roots substantially decreased. Expression of NRT1.5 was up-regulated, but NRT1.8 was down-regulated, driving greater NO3− long-distance transport from roots to shoots. NUE in Arabidopsis mutants impaired in proton pumps was also significantly higher than in the wild type col-0. Taken together, these data suggest that decrease in VSC of NO3− in roots will enhance transport to shoot and essentially contribute to higher NUE by promoting NO3− allocation to aerial parts, likely through coordinated regulation of NRT1.5 and NRT1.8.


The purpose of thisresearch "Iran's Nuclear Program DiscourseAs Deterrence EffortsAgainst The United States" is to explain the controversial discourse of Iran's nuclearprogram which is still being a discourse in international security politics.U.S perception toIran is always negative, this is because the relations built by these countries alwaysexperiencing obstacles. This articles use of qualitative methods with descriptive as atechnic of the research. As for the concept that the writer uses in the slice of this problem isdeterrence concept withRealist approach. For Realists view, convincing the safety of a statein an anarchic international system is the most important factor above all else. Economicsector and others can be protected if the country's security is guaranteed. Therefore, as therational actor, Iran see its nuclear programmore important as an effort to ensure the safetyfrom all potential external threats. As a rational actor, Iran considers its nuclear programmore important as an effort to ensure its security. This paper elaborates how Iran makeschoices in determining its policy between retaining its nuclear program or even halts itsnuclear program. This paper will present a graph of "Iran chooses strategy", it will beunderstood why Iran would prefer the policy to maintain its nuclear program.


ABSTRACT Four environmental chambers were constructed for subjecting weanling pigs to various air velocities and temperatures under typical production conditions where the pigs were allowed to modify their behavior to reduce the effect of an adverse thermal environment. The chambers had wire mesh flooring, nipple waterers, nursery pig feeders, and held eight weanling pigs. An air distribution system with an air straightener was developed to get uniform air velocities throughout the chamber. There were 128 pigs subjected to various combinations of air velocity and temperature in the chambers for a two-week period when the pigs were three to five weeks of age. Air velocity ranged from around 0.11 m/s to 0.40 m/s. and air temperature ranged from around 23.9° C to 35° C. For the environmental range studied, average daily gain (ADG) was significandy affected (P < 0.05) by air velocity but not air temperature during the second week of the experiment. ADG increased as air velocity decreased. Average daily feed intake (ADI) was significantly affected (P < 0.01)* by air temperature but not air velocity during both weeks of the experiment. ADI increased as air temperature decreased. The kg gain/kg feed consumption (G/F) had no significant trends..


One of the most stimulating problems in present day Southwestern archaeology is that of relationships to the south — to the high cultures of Mexico. Evidence of such relationships is strongest in the Hohokam remains of southern Arizona. The broad outlines of Hohokam development have been fairly well established. The same is true for the cultures of central Mexico. The next step in solving the problem of Mexican-Southwest relationships would appear to be that of obtaining an understanding of culture history in the area between central Mexico and southern Arizona.


The Brain & Behavior Module at the Vanderbilt Medical School is a 13 week interdisciplinary module for second year medical students that encompasses both basic and clinical material (anatomy, pharmacology, radiology, pathology, and behavioral science) relevant to the Neurology and Psychiatry Clerkships. As Director of the Module, my role is to integrate basic and clinical neuroscience vertically (within a group of lectures) and horizontally (between lectures over the 13 weeks of immersion). There are inherent challenges to the success of such intense modular courses, for the students, the faculty, and for the module Director. Our experience has been that integration ‐ which goes to decreasing stress and neurophobia in students ‐ is best achieved by an interweaving of the basic and clinical sciences in multiple venues by all participating faculty, allowing for synergistic reinforcement of the knowledge to be acquired. Multiple examples of how basic science and clinical faculty cooperate in this endeavor will be discussed in the hope that some parts of our model may be helpful to others involved in such multidisciplinary courses/modules.


Introduction: Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by the etiological agent Mycobacterium leprae. Its transmission is by direct contact with the infected patient, through secretions coming from the area roads or contact with solutions of continuity originated by the pathology. The pathological manifestations are due to an inefficient humoral response and the inability of macrophages to lysate M. leprae. According to the Madrid classification, there are four presentations of leprosy: undetermined, tuberculoid, virchowiana and dimorph. Moreover, it is a compulsory disease of notification; it is difficult to diagnose in children, because the characteristic signs are not easily recognized and neurodermatological tests are impaired. Objectives: The authors report a case of leprosy in childhood highlighting the importance of early diagnosis. Case report: Male, 8 years old, natural and resident in Belém, student, complaining of reddish spots on his face for six months. He had already been treated with antifungals and topical corticoids without clinical improvement. There was a family history of leprosy treated more than ten years ago. The Brazilian Journal of health Review Braz. J. Hea. Rev., Curitiba, v. 3, n. 5, p. 11788-11795 set./out. 2020. ISSN 2595-6825 11790 dermatological examination showed erythemato-infiltrated plaques, with imprecise limits, irregular contours located in the frontal region, right and left malar and in the trunk. It also presented bilateral and symmetric thickening of the ulnar nerve. The smear was positive and the histopathology was compatible with leprosy, dimorpha-tuberculloid shape. He was referred for MDT-MB treatment. Conclusion: Leprosy is preferentially adult, being less prevalent in children, mainly under 3 years old. The occurrence of leprosy in children reflects the epidemiological situation of the disease, especially with regard to late diagnosis and difficulty in controlling cases. Among the clinical forms of the disease, the tuberculoid form tends to be the most prevalent in children and the treatment is similar to that of an adult with doses being appropriate for weight and age.