The Fukushima nuclear accident of March 11, 2011, resulted in soil and water contamination by radioactive cesium. Radioactive cesium transported by rivers was also found in the ocean sludge of Tokyo Bay. Cesium adsorbed on the sludge is not easily removed. One of the authors has developed an ocean sludge decomposition system that employs micro-bubble circulation. The circulation of micro-bubbles creates an aerobic state that activates aerobic bacteria, facilitating decomposition and purification of the sludge. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of bacteria to the micro-bubble circulation system on the efficient removal of radioactive cesium from ocean sludge. We tested the water purification effect of the system by adding bacteria directly. Results confirmed that the decomposition of the deposited sludge using our system facilitates the elution of the radioactive cesium. Any cesium eluted in the water can be remedied using existing technology such as zeolites. Purification efficiency seems to be greatest when additional bacteria are added directly to the process. With time, bacterial concentration doubles, and 76% of cesium in the liquid phase (dried sludge) and 51% of cesium in the solid phase (water) is removed.


The effects of thin objects (fractures/barriers) on pressure distributions and displacement performances in staggered and direct line-drive patterns with uniformly and stochastically distributed objects at different density and length distributions are studied. Tracer breakthrough and well productivity are used to characterize the configuration of thin objects in the patterns. In most cases examined, tracer breakthrough time is more sensitive to the presence of thin objects than the well productivity. It is also found that representing fracture systems as equivalent anisotropic media may lead to erroneous pressure-distribution predictions around a well. The study was carried out by using the complex variable boundary element method (CVBEM), which yields both the potential and stream functions simultaneously, and is suitable to track displacement fronts in the presence of thin objects. Singularities caused by such objects are expressed analytically through the conformal-mapping technique.


The outlet to resolve the software crisis is to improve software process efficiently, because software products' quality is determined by the quality of development and maintenance process. The precondition and foundation of process improvement is implementation of process appraisal. This paper is a analysis presentation of the basic frame and content of Capability Maturity Model (CMM), as well as a research of CMM-Based Appraisal for Internal Process Improvement(CBA-IPI) and for Software Capability Estimation(CBA-SCE) methods and its practical applications.


A reticle contamination monitor having enough sensitivity for a 5:1 stepper has been developed. By scanning a laser spot in a raster mode and monitoring the light scattered by particles, this apparatus can detect spherical beads of 2 μm or larger diameter and various kinds of particles of 5pm or larger size. In order to detect small particles without the disturbance due to the light intensely scattered by reticle patterns, and to distinguish particle light signals from pattern light signals, the monitor has plural detectors arranged to receive scattered light rays that proceed in different directions. It takes two minutes to inspect both surfaces of a reticle of which inspection area is 100mm X 100mm. An automatic reticle transfer mechanism with this monitor is built into a stepper, so that a reticle is moved from a reticle case to both the inspection box and the exposure station without being contaminated. Periodic inspection with this apparatus prevents the deterioration in yield caused by reticle contamination. And a new type of reticle cleaner equipped with this contamination monitor has been developed to make it easy to clean a reticle.


In this work, we present the production of graphene trails by direct 405 nm laser writing at room temperature and atmospheric pressure on hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide films (SiC-a:H) produced by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD). Graphene trails of approximately 0,6 mm x 4μm were obtained on a-SiC:H by moving the substrate with film in a computer controlled XY table and keeping fixed the laser source. Variations were made in both scanning speed and laser focusing length, identifying a great dependence on the graphene quality with these two parameters. The graphene was characterized by Raman Spectroscopy and best results of show high quality graphene with distance between point defects (LD) of 20 nm, crystallite size (La) of 25nm and few layers (2-3). In addition, the electrical measurements show high electrical conductivity, with sheet resistances (Rs) varing from 0.7 kΩ to 1.3 kΩ per square. Being a fast, efficient and of low cost, the technique opens great new possibilities of manufacturing approach for microelectronic devices and


This paper describes the procedure for determination of optimum voltage control using the quadratic optimization technique based on least square method. The new approach is capable of handling generalized optimization problems with number of variables greater/equal, less than number of constraints. These constraints can be linear or non- linear but can be modelled as quadratic forms of voltage. Although the power system models are non-convex, non-concave and non-linear, the optimization scheme determines the feasible and global optimum points. The method is based on the sensitivity method with first order approximation of Taylor series to achieve the necessary and sufficient conditions extended from Kuhn Tucker conditions. To satisfy the generalized optimization scheme, the method is specialized to use a least square method for the determination of unknown quantities.The algorithm is tested using traditional optimization programs such as MlNOS Augmented programming, the generalized reduced gradient,and simplex like method (l). The capability of this method is being demonstrated on a medium sized power system.


The injection of vapor, especially the supercritical vapor, has become one of the most effective methods in the field of exploiting the dense oil around the world presently. In the present work, the variations of heat loss, pressure drop and the temperature of the oil well with the vapor injection time, flux, pressure and the depth of oil well are studied by solving the governing equations, such as momentum equation, energy equation and heat dissipating equation. The computational results are useful for choosing the vapor injection parameters and the boiler parameters in oil exploiting spot.


A well remote monitoring system based on GPRS is designed and composition of the system is introduced in detail,GPRS linkage process is established by using GPRS module,and the data transmission and monitoring process is implemented by PPP protocol.The system is suitable for practical application in remote well monitoring.


" When Buchanan was entrapped, and the trick of his alleged drowning was completely exposed by his arrest in Michigan last September, the old man saw that his last hope of escape had vanished?so he accepted the inevitable and bowed to the supremacy of the law. On returning to this city he promised to do all that man could do to right the wrongs he had committed. He confessed judgment of ouster in the two suits brought by the Commonwealth to annul the charters of the Eclectic Medical College of Pennsylvania and the American University of Philadelphia. He also gave a power of attorney to confess judgment of ouster for him against the Livingstone University of America, chartered by the State of West Virginia, which charter has been annulled by the Legislature of West Virginia. He has given up all the books he had?the matriculation books, the minutes of faculty, minutes of trust ies, account books, alumni minutes?and a mass of valuable informa-


1) It has been known that complementary necrosis in common wheat is mainly controlled by three genes, Ne1 located in chromosome 5B (V), Ne2 in 2A (XIII)and Ne3 in 3D (XVI). However, the B1 and F2 data from the cross T. macha subletshchumicum ×T. aestivum Chinese Spring indicated that a recessive gene in addition to the above-mentioned genes must be considered regarding the expression of necrosis.2) Relationships among various varieties of common wheat concerning necrosis are represented in the diagram of Fig. 2.3) Distribution of the three major genes in common wheat and its ancestors, Emmer wheat and Ae. squarrosa, was investigated using T. aestivum Prelude (Ne1ne2Ne3), T. aestivum Kharkov (ne1Ne2Ne3) and T. macha subletshchumicum (Ne1Ne2ne3) as test varieties.In Emmer wheat a majority of varieties were found to have the genotype Ne1ne2, while minor fractions were either ne1ne2 or Ne1Ne2.All strains of Ae. squarrosa so far tested had Ne3.In common wheat, most varieties were either ne1ne2Ne3 or ne1Ne2Ne3, while a small fraction were Ne1ne2Ne3. One variety only was found to be Ne1ne2ne3 and another only one to be Ne1Ne2ne3, both belonging to T. macha.4) From these results, the genotypes of Emmer wheat, that supplied the AB genomes to common wheat, are assumed to be Ne1ne2 or ne1ne2. T. dicoccoides spontaneo-nigrum, some forms of T. dicoccum, T. turgidum, T. persicum and T. orientale, and many varieties of T. durum have these genotypes.The donor of the D genome to common wheat must have possessed Ne3. All strains of Ae. squarrosa so far tested had this allele.5) The presumable hexaploid progenitor must have had either Ne1ne2Ne3 or ne1ne2Ne3. In common wheat, some forms of T. spelta, T. sphaerococcum, T. compactum and T. aestivum have these genotypes. T. macha, that is an exception in possessing the ne3 allele, is considered to be an isolated species among the hexaploids and seems not to have contributed to the origin of common wheat.6) It is suggested that Ne2 in common wheat originated at the hexaploid level rather than to have been derived from Emmer wheat. Possibility of selective advantage of Ne2 and disadvantage of Ne1 at the hexaploid level is suggested.


A dual correlated double sampling (CDS) scheme, which can be embedded into a successive approximation register (SAR) or SAR/ single-slope analogue-to-digital converters (ADCs) for low-noise CMOS imagers without the use of a power-consuming programmable gain ampli fi er (PGA) is proposed. To reduce the noise of the readout channel, the proposed dual CDS scheme removes the sampling error, which occurs in the capacitor digital-to-analogue converter (DAC), by storing only a reset voltage of the pixel into the capacitor DAC. In addition, without using the PGA, it ampli fi es the output of the readout channel by controlling the reference voltages of the ADC. The readout channel using the proposed CDS scheme was designed using a 90 nm CMOS imager process technology. The simulation results show that the signal-to-noise-distortion ratio of the readout channel using the proposed dual CDS scheme is 81.8 dB, which is an improvement of 10.8 dB over the digital CDS scheme. In addition, the output of the readout channel is ampli fi ed without the use of a PGA.


To measure accurately the reflectivity of dielectricfilms deposited on the end of fibers,FabryPerot(FP) interferometers were built out of fiber ends with the transparent films,the films reflectivity was educed from the free spectral range and full width at half maximum of transmission spectrum.Thus the measurement error arises from light source power fluctuation was eliminated.The measurement error is less than 0.09 % when the films reflectivity lay between 92.0 % and 98.6 % in the experiment.Source of the measurement error was also analyzed.


Natural pastures of Rio Grande do Sul State, South of Brazil, have low forage productivity in the autumn-winter. An alternative to improve systems based on these pastures is introduction of winter forage species, fertilization and liming of soil. The present work had the objective of evaluating the effect of phosphorus sources, lime and introduction of winter forage species in the pasture botanical composition dynamics. The treatments used were: T1 - simple superphosphate + lime + winter forage species introduction; T2 - triple superphosphate + lime + winter forage species introduction; T3 - triple superphosphate + winter forage species introduction; T4 - Gafsa rock phosphate + winter forage species introduction; T5 - winter forage species introduction without phosphorus and lime; T6 - reference only with natural pasture. To evaluate the botanical composition dynamics, periodic botanical evaluations were done during twenty two months, using BOTANAL method. The results showed that treatments did not modify the botanical composition of natural pasture during the evaluation period.


2-Methoxy-5-phenylfurans (1a–c) substituted at C-4 with electron-withdrawing groups, by dyesensitized photo-oxygenation in non-participating solvents, give the endo-peroxides (3a–c) which by thermal rearrangement partly yield the 3H-1, 2-dioxoles (14a–c). The latter, which are the first examples of this ring system, are thermally very unstable. Their formation can be deduced only from the products obtained by thermal rearrangement which are structurally related with the thermal rearrangement products of 3H-1, 2, 4-dioxazoles (10). The behaviour of the furans (1a–c) contrasts with that of the 2-methoxy-5-phenylfurans unsubstituted at C-4 which under the same conditions give carbonyl oxides.


The subject of this paper is to describe the novel method of substrates bonding applied in MEMS technology. This method gives a possibility of carrying out bonding processes in standard devices for wafer bonding. It can be applied to chemical, high voltage or high temperature sensitive surfaces. It can be used for bonding substrates with deep etching area with sharp edges and covered with films characterized by low adhesion to the classical materials exploited for photolithography. The main idea of the method is based on two various polymer materials usage. The first material enables to define accurate borders of bonding area, whereas the other guarantees suitable parameters of bonding: firstly the exact adhesion and a stable join and secondly, desirable electrical or thermal parameters.


In the article the components of the dissident discourse are considered, common philosophical
and aesthetic sources of dissident system and T.Shevchenko are clarified, the typological aspects of their artistic
paradigms are investigated. Attention is paid on the interpretation of national and existential form of literary
presence of T. Shevchenko and the dissident circle of the poets in the author's text.
Key words: dissident discourse, author's text, existential, intention, artistic paradigm, dialogue, national /
imperial, philosophy of history.


This paper describes the adsorption properties of humic substances onsurface-treatedcarbon adsorbents in aqueous solutions including inorganic compounds. Activated carbon fiber made from phenol resin (ACF), Pittsburgh activated carbon (AC) and Electronic conductive carbon black (EC) were used. The solution behavior of humic substances varied due to the presence of certain inorganic compounds. When the valence and/or concentration of the inorganic compounds increased, lower molelcular-weight components (M.W. 1001, 000) in humic substances were converted to higher molecular-weight components (M.W. 1, 0003, 000) due to aggregation. The adsorbed amounts of higher molecular-weight components (M.W. 1, 0003, 000) was larger by using EC with a large volume of meso-pores than by using ACF and AC being rich in micropores.


This PDF file contains the errata for "OE Vol. 47 Issue 04 Paper 2904921" for OE Vol. 47 Issue 04


AbstractThe means for assessing what constitutes successful project delivery is a controversial topic in the literature, with many approaches and frameworks in play. This paper extends an existing ...


Two high-capacity thiol functionalized adsorbents are prepared, using sol−gel processing, and applied to the removal of lead(II) from aqueous streams. The first adsorbent (SN) is prepared by co-condensing oligomers of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS); the second adsorbent (MI) is synthesized by a combined co-condensation/molecular imprinting route of TEOS and MPS. The resulting physicochemical properties of adsorbents are investigated by nitrogen sorption measurements, elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), solid-state 13C and 29Si cross-polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13C and 29Si CPMAS NMR, respectively), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The adsorbents exhibit high ligand densities (1.19 mmol/g for SN and 1.03 mmol/g for MI), improved Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) surface areas (SBET = 129 m2/g for SN and 464 m2/g for MI), and highly developed mesoporosity (Dp = 15.1 nm for SN and 8.3 nm for MI). 29Si...


The localization systems using Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) of ultrasonic and RF signals are hard to be used in practical settings because of line-of-sight limitation of the ultrasonic signal. Overcoming this limitation, novel multi-lateration method that explicitly exploiting the ultrasonic reflections was proposed. This paper verifies the proposed method by testing in the actual practical settings. As a result, the proposed method estimates the target location with estimation error smaller than 30 cm.


In the process of aluminum electrolysis reduction,the integration of local office area network and industry control network based on Web,has become one of the main targets in the development of the enterprises' information system.Design and key technology implementation of aluminum electrolysis network information integration system was presented on the basis of the technology of large RDBMS,such as SQL Server,JSP,SOCKET transfer and three-Layer Web structure,and the integration of local office area network and industry control network was carried out.Several pivotal problems were described in detail,such as acquisition,pickup of data,real-time transmission of data and transmission of static data and so on.In the end,the application prospect of the system was analyzed.


Abstract Although some aspect of vegetation is frequently included in both topographic and small-scale maps, the nature of what is being shown is rarely examined critically. A member of the Department of Geography, Queen's University, Ontario, draws attention to the problems of both content and presentation.


Caproic acid bacteria was isolated from quality Zhijiang aged pit mud and then purified and its culture conditions were studied.The results suggested that two caproic acid bacteria strains in total were isolated from the mud and its optimum culture conditions included heating treatment temperature was at 80 ℃,alcohol content was 2.5 %vol,pH value was 6 and culture temperature was at 35 ℃.


The increasing interest in the evaluation of biometric systems security is an important issue to be considered. The different threats called direct or spoofing attacks where in these attacks, the intruder uses some type of synthetically produced artifact (e.g., gummy finger, printed iris image or face mask), or tries to mimic the behavior of the genuine user, to fraudulent access of the biometric system have motivated to new efficient protection measures. In this paper, we present a novel software-based fake biometric detection method that can be used in multiple biometric systems to detect different types of fraudulent access attempts. The use of image quality assessment for liveness detection is motivated by the assumption that: It is expected that a fake image captured in an attack attempt will have different quality than a real sample acquired in the normal operation scenario for which the sensor was designed. The proposed approach presents a very low degree of complexity, which makes it suitable for real-time applications, using general image quality features extracted from one image to differentiate between real and fake samples. This proposed work enhances the security of biometric recognitions, by using the liveness detection through image quality assessment and by fusion of multiple biometric traits. The SVM classifier is used for differentiating between the real and fake samples.


Read for free online: Meticulously researched and including newly discovered archival materials, Coleridge's Laws provides detailed analysis of the laws and public notices drafted by Coleridge, together with the first published translations of them.


Background: National administrative healthcare data may be used as a case-finding method for prevalence studies of chronic disease in the United States, but the completeness of ascertainment likely varies depending on the disease under study. Methods: We used 3 case-finding sources (Medicare, Medicaid, and Veterans Administration data) to estimate the prevalence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the United States for 2002–2004, and applied the capture-recapture methodology to estimate the degree of under-ascertainment when relying solely on these sources for case identification. Results: Case-finding completeness was 76% overall and did not vary by race, but was lower for males (77%) than for females (88%), and lower for patients under age 65 (66%) than patients over age 65 (79%). The uncorrected ALS prevalence ratio was 2.8/100,000 in 2002, 3.3/100,000 in 2003, and 3.7/100,000 in 2004. After correcting for under-ascertainment, the annual prevalence increased by approximately 1 per 100,000 to 3.7/100,000 in 2002 (95% CI 3.66–3.80), 4.4/100,000 in 2003 (95% CI 4.34–4.50), and 4.8/100,000 in 2004 (95% CI 4.76–4.91). Conclusions: Federal healthcare claims databases ascertained are a very efficient method for identifying the majority of ALS-prevalent cases in the National ALS Registry, and may be enhanced by having patients self-register through the registry web portal.


According to study of the characteristics of ray radiation from nuclear explosion, the detection system of nuclear explosion ray radiation based on high speed CMOS image sensor was analyzed in the theory and the structure. To meet the practical requirement, the high speed CMOS image sensor was used to make the photoelectric sensor and the high speed image processing system about DSP was adopted to make the detection system. The detection principle of nuclear explosion was analyzed based on image processing and the measuring error caused by atmospheric transmission was calculated. The author devised the program of algorithm for image processing. The simulation experiment indicates that the system can detect some parameters accurately, like equivalent, angle of pitch and distance. Compared with the conventional method, it has relatively high accuracy as well as good stability and reliability. Besides, it is easier to operate. The experimental result indicates that performance of the system achieves the expected goals.


As a flexible network, Ad hoc should auto-config itself. This paper first enumerates and analyses some existing resolutions, and then proposes a resolution using two phases to auto-config IP address in Ad hoc networks.


The sintering temperature of Li2ZnTi3O8 ceramics is still high for LTCC-based applications. In this work, V2O5 was doped as the sintering aid. The sintered density, phase composition, grain size, as well as microwave dielectric properties of Li2ZnTi3O8 ceramics with the addition of V2O5 were investigated. Based on our research, V2O5 doping effectively promoted the densification of Li2ZnTi3O8 ceramics at about 900°C, without affecting the main crystal phase of the ceramics. Li2ZnTi3O8 ceramics with 0.5 wt% V2O5 doping (sintered at 900°C) exhibited the best microwave dielectric properties (Qf = 22,400 GHz at about 6 GHz, er = 25.5, and τf = -10.8 ppm/°C). The V2O5-doped Li2ZnTi3O8 ceramics were well cofired with Ag inner paste without cracks and diffusion, indicating its significant potential for LTCC applications.


This article mainly discusses about the importance and the use of inner singing in process of playing the piano. Only with the inner singing the player can gradually gain the good musical aesthetic standards, the superb distinction of the timbre and then accumulate the deeper musical emotions. In consequence the players' consummate skills will be given full play thus obtaining its perfect artistic effect.


The densities, viscosities and ultrasonic velocities of binary mixtures of propan-1-ol, butan-1-ol and pentan-1-ol with 1,2-dibromoethane have been determined at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K over the entire composition range. The above experimental data has been utilized to estimate excess acoustic impedance (Z E ), excess isentropic compressibility (K s E), excess free volume (V f E) and internal pressure (π i ) values to discuss the existence of molecular interaction in the mixtures.


The empathic act, as it is understood and developed by Edith Stein in her phenomenological works, sustains that the psychophysical individual is constituted from the empathic act, from where it is sustained that identity is only constituted from alterity. This foundation allows us to understand why the ideal of the autonomous man of the contemporary society has led us to a disembodied and self-enclosed man, who has progressively destroyed himself, others and their living environment. For this reason, we propose that society must be built from the community as a way to generate peace in our contemporary culture.


ABSTRACT An advanced methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) detection PCR approach targeting SCCmec-orfX along with mecA and mecC was evaluated for S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. The possession of mecA and/or mecC was correctly confirmed in all cases. All methicillin-susceptible S. aureus strains (n = 98; including staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element [SCCmec] remnants) and 98.1% of the MRSA strains (n = 160, including 10 mecC-positive MRSA) were accurately categorized.


The invention discloses a mobile capsule body, comprising a capsule body base assembly and a capsule body upper cover, wherein an inverted U-shaped capsule body upper cover is covered and buckled on the capsule body base assembly, the capsule body upper cover sequentially comprises an inner shell plate, a side wall cellular steel separation net frame and an outer shell plate from outside to inside, wherein the side wall cellular steel separation net frame between the outer shell plate and the inner shell plate is internally filled with steel grid filling rock wool and a heat insulation flame retardant material; and the capsule body base assembly mainly comprises a capsule body base cellular steel separation net frame, a lower base plate and an upper base plate, wherein the capsule body base cellular steel separation net frame is welded at the inner side of the lower base plate, the upper base plate is arranged at the inner side of the capsule body base cellular steel separation net frame, and the capsule body base cellular steel separation net frame between the upper base plate and the lower base plate is internally filled with the steel grid filling rock wool and the heat insulation flame retardant material. Multiple mobile capsule bodies are connected end to end to form a rescue capsule, end face flanges of end faces of two adjacent mobile capsule bodies are oppositely locked and connected, and a convex heat insulation flame retardant pad strip and a concave heat insulation flame retardant pad strip are arranged at a locking and connecting position.


Four variations of the fell-and-burn technique, a system developed to produce mixed pine- hardwood stands in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, were compared in the Piedmont region. All variations of this technique successfully improved the commercial value of low-quality hardwood stands by introducing a pine component. After six growing seasons, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) occupied the dominant crown position and oaks the codominant position in fell-and-burn treated stands on poor to medium quality sites. The precise timing offelling residual stems, as prescribed by thefell-and-burn technique, may be,flexible because winter and spring,felling produced similar results. Although summer site preparation burns reduced hardwood height growth by reducing the length of thefirst growing season, they did not improve pine survival or growth. Pines were as tall as hardwoods withinfour growing seasons in burnedplots and within sixgrowing seasons in unburned plots. Additional research is needed to determine the level or intensity of site preparation needed to establish pine-hardwood mixtures over a range of site conditions. South. J. Appl. For. 21(3):116-122. Improving productivity on nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) lands in the Southeast is a major goal for meeting future timber demands. In the Piedmont and Mountain regions, over 68% of the commercial forestland (26.9 million ac) is occu- pied by hardwood or mixed pine-hardwood stands, and 7 1% of this land is owned by NIPF landowners (Bechtold and Ruark 1988). Because hardwood growth is vigorous in these regions, conversion of stands to pure pine requires extensive site preparation to control competition. Rather than spend the $150 to $250 per acre required for conversion to pure pine, most NIPF landowners choose to leave their forests unmanaged. These unmanaged forests are responsible for a large acreage of poorly stocked stands of low-quality hard- woods in the Southeast. Although timber production may not be the primary inter- est of many NIPF landowners, they may be attracted to enhancing income if their forestlands can provide other benefits such as aesthetics or wildlife habitat. Establishment of pine-hardwood mixtures is a method of providing mul- tiple benefits while improving productivity and minimizing investment (Phillips and Abercrombie 1987). However, guide-


Objective: To understand status quo of building facilities allocation of the provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDCs).Methods: General investigation on building area and lab area of the provincial CDCs and necessary statistics were investigated.Results: In 2009,the building area per staff was 66.8 square meters,increased by 19.1% compared with that in 2005.The proportion of the laboratory area was 41.8% in 2009 and met the basic standard.Considering the above two indicators,the average rate to meet the standard of provincial CDCs was 91.0%,and only 14 provinces completely met the standard.Conclusion: The status quo of building facility allocation of the provincial CDCs has been improved significantly,providing a concrete foundation to fulfill their functions,while the building of provincial CDCs in western China still needed to be strengthened continuously and the strucutre requires optimization.


An remote optical gas detection device comprising a detec tion housing (30) connected to an electronic power Supply unit and to a human-machine interface, this detection housing containing an infrared lens (46) for forming an image on an uncooled microbolometer matrix detector (50), a CCD or CMOS-type camera (64) for observing the observed region under visible light, an assembly of electronic means (68) for controlling the detector and for acquiring and digitizing the infrared signals, as well as a processor (82) for processing these signals in order to detect a gas in the observed region and to determine the concentration thereof.


This paper presents a medical cost function developed for a screening programme. The medical cost function is a function of advancement both directly and indirectly through survival. We discuss how the medical cost function is affected by screening through a shift in the distribution of cancers according to advancement. We show that screening reduces the treatment cost for cancers diagnosed at the screening, even though the medical cost function not unambiguously increases with stage of advancement. This is the first step in a cost-effectiveness analysis, and even though the results are favourable to the introduction of screening for colorectal cancer as a preventive health measure, total screening costs and health benefits must be evaluated to arrive at a recommendation.


Removal of vanadium toxic levels from industrial wastewater is an urgent demand before releasing to the environment. In this study, Shewanella sp. strain E1, an isolate of industrial wastewater body, Riyadh city, KSA, was subjected to molecular identification using partial sequencing of the 16S rDNA and gyrB genes. This bacterium is resistant to vanadium pentoxide up to 15 mg/l and more. The Plackett-Burman statistical design was used for near optimum vanadium biophysical removal conditions and this target was achieved giving that the positive levels of vanadium concentration (a significant factor), pH and cell weight, and the negative levels of solution volume (a significant factor), rotation rate, contact time, and temperature. Protein electrophoresis of active cells in the presence of 15 mg/l vanadium pentoxide showed at least 16 different intracellular proteins. The study suggest that Shewanella sp. E1 can be used for vanadium removal from industrial wastewater to increase its water quality before release to the environment.


This study investigated the effectiveness of Cognitive and Group Behaviour Therapies in managing examination anxiety among academically-at-risk secondary school students in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The study adopted an experimental research design. 180 participants from six secondary schools in three local government areas in Ibadan. The participants were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. The two treatment groups were exposed to ten weeks training in Cognitive and Group Behaviour Therapies, while participants in the control group received no training. Two validated instruments: Examination Anxiety Scale and Student Academic Self-Efficacy Scale were used. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance and t-test. The findings revealed that there was a significant main effect of treatment on the ability of academically-at-riskstudents to manage examination anxiety. Also, self-efficacy was found to have a significant effect on the examination anxiety of academically-at-risk-student participants. It was concluded that cognitive behaviour and Group therapies were effective in managing examination anxiety among academically-at-risk-students. Therefore, it was recommended among others that the school counseling psychologists can adopt the two interventions therapies to manage examination anxiety among academically-at-risk-students.


It has been recognised in recent years how detrimental pollution has been to the environment, as evidenced by global warming and a decline in the standard of living in developing nations. When it comes to pollution, plastic pollution is one of the most serious issues that humanity has created. Apart from the fact that plastics are non-biodegradable, they also reduce plant yields and deplete soil fertility. To avoid this situation, waste management education is required. It is critical to eliminate these contaminants prior to their ability to seep deeply into the soil. Weeds are unwelcome plants that grow in close proximity to other plants. They not only supplant healthy plants in terms of development, but also feed on them, robbing them of nutrients and resulting in a significant decrease in agricultural production. Another factor complicating agricultural production is the presence of plant diseases. Scientists are engaged in a variety of endeavours, including forecasting illnesses, predicting their potential, and identifying diseases before they become fatal.Our new method employs a first-of-its-kind strategy that involves mapping a region using a drone's vector and then detecting map errors using the UDP stream from the drone's camera, a first in the industry. This data is analysed in real time using Nvidia Deep Stream. To train our data-set, we will use a custom-built Sequential Convolution Neural Network.


Introduction The older adults have been considered one of the groups at highest risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and death due to COVID-19. Fear of SARS-CoV-2 infections has become widespread. It's constantly being enhanced by the media reports and social distancing principle. Objectives The aim of the study was to assessment the occurrence of symptoms of fear of COVID-19 among participants of the Polish University of the Third Age (UTA). Methods The study included 296 participants of the UTA in Poland, including 258 women and 38 men. The study conducted with the use of the following validated psychometric scales: General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results The mean scores in STAI and SHAI demonstrated mild symptoms indicative of anxiety disorders in the older adults. Women and men did differ significantly in terms of the scores obtained in STAI(X-1) (p=0.002) and STAI(X-2) (p=0.020). There were no statistically significant differences between respondents with higher education and those with a different level of education. The single respondents differed significantly from divorced ones in terms of STAI(X-1) (p=0.046). Moreover, widows/widowers differed significantly from divorced ones in terms of STAI(X-2) (p=0.045) and GAD-7 (p=0.032). Conclusions The subjective experience of anxiety symptoms associated with fear of contracting COVID-19 was increased due to the ongoing pandemic, but was not significantly high in the analysed population of older people. COVID-19-related anxiety was significantly more common in lonely individuals. Women and men differed significantly in terms of perceived state anxiety and trait anxiety measured by STAI. Disclosure No significant relationships.


A criterion for automatic domain decomposition has been introduced for the coupling of the Boltzmann and Euler equations. This criterion is obtained by using the Grad's 13-moments expansion method. The Boltzmann and Euler equations have been solved by the particle method. This criterion has been further tested for the spatial homogeneous relaxation case and the coupling of the Boltzmann and Euler equations in two dimensional physical space. Some numerical results obtained from the particle code of the full Boltzmann equation are compared with those of coupling of the Boltzmann and Euler equations.


The main objectives of the natural resources management are the use, monitoring and planning of research and development of natural resources. The weak formalization of the environmental problems entails frequent changes in requirements for information systems. Therefore, flexibility is needed to adapt to rapidly changing conditions. Also, a big problem is the territorial distribution. To solve these problems, in the Russian Federation State Research Center VNIIgeosystem, technology platform IAS Constructor was developed. The main features of the platform: 1. Completely visual approach to the design and development of client applications for Windows and Web, requiring no programming. 2. A universal approach to the creation of desktop and web applications 3. Integrated GIS subsystem. 4. Advanced processing and analysis of diverse information. 5. Possibility to make integration with third-party programs and to create the extensions with any development tools. IAS Constructor technology platform has been successfully used for the creation of information and analytical systems for the natural resources management in Russian Federation. In particular, it has been used for the development of such systems as "IAS Groundwater Monitoring" and "The Automated System of Subsoil Use Licensing."


Abstract Little survives today of the Marsh Botanic Garden of Yale University as it was designed and planted by Beatrix Farrand in the 1920s. But there still endures, the venerable white oak, a critical player in the dialogue that accompanied the garden's evolution. It remains standing in the center of the eight-acre garden that surrounds a turreted stone mansion at the top of science hill on Prospect Street in New Haven, its central branches rent by storms into a horizontal silhouette, which stoops and arches, still casting its cool shade across Yale afternoons. It was there, on one such Saturday afternoon, in the autumn of 1931, that a group of field botanists, members of the Connecticut Botanical Society, 'remained to lunch under one of the great white oak trees in the grounds surrounding the Marsh gardens' (figure 1). They had been admiring the two rare gordonia shrubs blooming in the Farnam Memorial Garden on the opposite side of Prospect Street. A year earlier, the same group had witnessed gentians from the pine barrens of New Jersey, pinks from the salt marshes, 25 varieties of aster and 35 of goldenrod, and a dozen different sunflowers: all plants indigenous to North America, raised from collected seed and 'now in full bloom in the ordinary garden soil' of the Marsh Botanic Garden.1


To resolve the question, the author put the advantages of distributed structured P2P system and centralized P2P system together, and proposed a new P2P system. It could resolve all the question of the centralized P2P system, while preserving the advantages of the system. So it is a good optimization to centralized P2P system.


Introduction and Aims. The fact that particular parents suffer afflictions limiting their ability to care does not mean that they should automatically be deemed unsuitable parents. Prompted by neonatal team concerns about child-care issues, a local multidisciplinary group was set up to care for substance-abusing pregnant women in our region. Design and Methods. This project was conducted in order to review the records of all the women who had been discussed at our management planning meetings over the past 5 years. Our assessment tool records were reviewed and analysed using SPSS. Results. A total of 233 women were assessed.The majority of patients booked before 20 weeks (62%) and 96 women (41%) attended over 80% of their antenatal appointments.There was little change in substance use during the course of pregnancy. Overall, at delivery, 196 of the 233 women (84%) used methadone and 89(38%) used heroin.There was no correlation between usage and foster care of the baby (methadone:c = 0.5,P = 0.8 NS) (heroin:c = 3.1,P = 0.08 NS).There was an absolute correlation between social services involvement and foster care (c = 2.33, P < 0.0001). Adherence with planned antenatal appointments significantly increased the likelihood of a child being discharged with his mother (c = 6.7, P = 0.009). Discussion and Conclusions. The majority of newborns were discharged home with their mothers directly with the most significant factor in placing a child in foster care being prior involvement of social services. However, many of these families will continue to need support during the children's early years. [Adeniji AA, Purcell A, Pearson L, Antcliffe JM, Tutty S, Sinha C, Pairaudeau PW, Lindow SW. Multidisciplinary antenatal care for opiate-using women: Child-care issues. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010;29;189–192]


In order to express a painting or other art works with gradual transition-grayscale effect,this paper,according to the principle of imaging jacquard silk fabric with single color,adopts a co-planer weave-plain weave,to preliminarily design a weave model for imaging jacquard silk fabric with single color,which was structured by a series of derivative plain weaves.And,based on it,the fabric with derivative plain weaves was achieved through trial weaving of the jacquard fabric.Then,through analyzing the pixels′ brightness in the fabric,the different fabrics with derivative plain weaves were sorted according to the glossiness with gradual transition effect,which was caused by different degrees of brightness.After that,through choosing the useful plain weaves from the weave model,the corresponding relationship between derivative plain weaves and varying degrees of brightness in art works like paintings was established.Finally,the weaving experiment indicates that the imaging of jacquard silk fabric based on the derivative plain weaves model can produce a special texture effect and bring about a new sense of vision of the jacquard silk fabric.


The increasing number of decentralized power generators in the low-voltage and medium-voltage grid induce multiple short-time power- balanced areas. These areas intensify the problem to determine the dynamic energy flow of the distribution grid. The identification of power- balanced grid parts is a time consuming and computationally intensive process. Hence, this contribution presents a simplified identification method that has minor computational effort. The method computes a simplified energy flow over more than one voltage level. So, it is even possible to identify power- balanced grid parts that are spread over different voltage levels. For evaluation and validation the method is compared to a traditional grid simulation with DIgSILENT PowerFactory.


An industrial robot including a parallel kinematic manipulator of an object in space. The manipulator includes a stationary platform, a movable platform for carrying the object, and at least three arms connecting the platforms. Each arm includes a first arm part connected to the stationary platform for manipulating the movable platform.


Abstract The unemployment crisis that resulted in the social exclusion of workers and the emergence of recycling industries has favoured an increase in the number of waste scavengers in large urban centres of developing countries. In Fortaleza, Brazil, between 8,000 and 10,000 people work as street scavengers in private junkyards and small-scale businesses, or as members of associations. These workers are the first link in the recycling chain. The aim of this study is to understand the working conditions of associated, as opposed to unaffiliated, scavengers working in private scrapyards and to identify the impact of scavenging on their health conditions. The qualitative method consisted of interviews, focus groups and an ethnographic study. Scavenging work involves collecting recyclable materials from the streets, wasteland or large rubbish bins outside houses and apartment buildings. The average daily earnings of these workers are very low and their extreme poverty is obvious. Typical health issues experienced by these workers include back pain, infections and injuries sustained when handling waste and as a result of traffic accidents. However, associations can provide workers with a sense of identity and inclusion which, together with other minor improvements in work conditions and organisation, can constitute 'symbolic deprecarisation'. Although street scavenging is informal, unsecured and precarious work, 'symbolic deprecarisation' can be beneficial to street scavengers and serve as a model to workers in other informal precarious activities.


This article explores man- ner by which Karl Popper sees rela- tion between scientific method and democracy. This connection is one of the foundations of Popper's thought. For adequate understanding it is necessery to put Popper in historical context within developement of lib- eral thought and show possible links between his and Schumpeter's re- definition of democracy. Main point, however, is interpretation of basic Popper's epistemological presump- tions - concept of temporality of sci- entific knowledge and ratio negativa. Primary aim of the article is contex- tualization of these presumptions with their sociological a politological consequenses. Those can be seen not only in Popper's refusal of positiv- ism and esentialism, but also if his preference of electoral and party sys- tems. At the end, concepts of critical rationalism, values and open society si elaborated according to possible objections to Popper's theory.


We study the macroeconomic implications of time-varying precautionary saving in a tractable general equilibrium model with both aggregate and uninsurable idiosyncratic risk. In the model, agents facing incomplete markets and borrowing constraints respond to countercyclical changes in unemployment risk by altering their bu¤er stock of wealth, with a direct impact on aggregate consumption. In a calibrated version of the model, the response of aggregate consumption to a typical NBER recession is found to be twice as large as that implied by a comparable representative agent economy, and about 30% larger than that implied by a comparable economy with full insurance but wherein a fraction of households permanently faces a binding borrowing constraint.nique, Gains/Université du Mans, Bank of France and Bank of Portugal for their feedback. Eric Mengus provided outstanding research assistance, and the French Agence Nationale pour la Recherche provided funding (ANR grant no 06JCJC0157). The usual disclaimers apply.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electric connector for mutually connecting a flat flexible cable to a fitting connector attached to an upper surface of a printed circuit board. SOLUTION: A fitting connector 16 has a plug part 30 projecting from a circuit board and on both side of the plug part contacts 38 are exposed. These contacts 38 are connected to a circuit on the circuit board. An electric connector is equipped with an insulated housing 43 comprised of a receptacle 44 with an aperture at a bottom arranged on the plug part 30 of the fitting connector 16. The housing 43 has a long and narrow slot 46, which accepts a flat flexible cable 42. A terminal 52 is mounted to the housing 43 and connects a suitable conductor of the flat flexible cable 42 to one of the contacts 38 on the plug part 30 of the fitting connector 16. An actuator 50 is inserted into the slot 46 of the housing 43 and keeps the conductor of the flat flexible cable 42 in engaging condition with the terminal 52.


We report results obtained with our recently automated low-temperature, adiabatic calorimeter. A brief description of the changes in the instrument are provided. The heat capacities of natural osumilite (Kee3Naa.seCao.ozBaoelMgl s6Fee.3sTis.s1Ala.62 Siro rzOro) were measured from 340 to 1000 K by differential scanning calorimetry. The following polynomial fits the specific heat (J/g . K) of the natural sample with an average deviation of 0.5 percent between 298 and 1000 K. cE = 0.58332 + 1.2742 x l0-3T - 6.4871 x 10-772 - 1.554f-0'5 - 3.961 x l03T-2 The heat capacities of two natural chlorites have been measured between l0 and 500 K. For the chlorite composition (Si2eeAlr orXAlr:gFe3j, Feotlr Mg:.sz)Oro(OH)3, the measured molar heat capacities, C$, between 200 and 500 K are consistent with the equation: G = 1948.911 - 0.5808807 +2.0897 x to-472 -2.298327 v 16+7-os + 6.42272 x 106 T-2 (average deviation : 0.14%). For the chlorite composition (Siz.+zAlr sr)(Alr.ooFe3.lq Mgr os)Oro(OH)8 the polynomial p: 3639.373 - 2.588354T + 1.26827 x t0-372 - 4.564707 I 1g+7-o's


The 'behavioural continuum hypothesis' in Parkinson's disease (PD) suggests that delirium due to antiparkinsonian agents starts with sleep disturbances, being followed by vivid dreams, which can progress to visual hallucinations (VH) and/or delusions further to delirium. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChI) have been shown to control all these conditions, suggesting a central cholinergic deficit (CCD) to be critically involved in the susceptibility of PD patients to develop delirium. Here, we provide further evidence for the 'behavioural continuum hypothesis of delirium' (BCHD) even in a geriatric patient with a non-PD neurodegenerative disorder. A 79-year-old White man with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) was admitted due to increasing daytime napping with arousal gestures (floccillations, resp. carphology), although continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and CKD management had been optimised. Upon admission, he recalled vivid dreams that had turned into an annoying insomnia 2 years ago, being alleviated with 20 mg oxazepam once daily at bedtime since then. His physical and psychiatric examination showed mild frailty, a body mass index of 29.3, mild depression (Hamilton Depression Scale score 12 points), and moderate difficulties with concentration being included into a mild cognitive impairment (MCI), amnestic subtype, as assessed by the DemTect (10 points) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA, 23 points). His everyday-life was only marginally affected by the MCI. Brain magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalogram, blood vitamin levels and routine lab tests were unremarkable, with the exception of signs of CKD, stage 3B. His cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD), namely tau 622 pg/mL (< 466), ptau181 53 pg/mL (< 61), Aß1-42 243 pg/mL (> 650), reference levels in brackets. Therefore, we defined this case as MCI due to AD. An afternoon videopolysomnography (VPS) without CPAP found a poor apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI, 86.6/h), worse oxygen saturation parameters (oxygen desaturation index (ODI), 55.4/h; oxygen desaturation nadir 72%), frequent periodic leg movements, but no abnormal movements during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep or during arousals/awakenings in sleep apnoea (Table 1). Moreover, sleep-onset REM (Table 1) was found which is not unusual in severe OSA. Full-night VPS with auto-adjusting CPAP machine excluded REM sleep behaviour disorder, confirmed non-REM periodic leg movements, and recorded a wellimproved AHI (2.2/h) as well as modest desaturations (not less than 87%, ODI 7.2/h). We started treatment with supplemental afternoon CPAP which did not improve the distressing symptoms. Then, oxazepam was tapered because it might have fuelled daytime sleepiness in CKD. Within 2 weeks, the patient developed short-lasting (up to 60 min) periods of scenic VH, of note, without confusion, delusion or amnesia. Several electroencephalograms were normal. Low doses of quetiapine (50 mg twice daily) or risperidone (0.5 mg twice daily) improved VH but worsened daytime hypersomnia and floccillations and, therefore, were discontinued. Scenic VHs re-occurred. Assuming an underlying CCD, we started 'off-label' AChI treatment (daily rivastigmine transdermal patches) in agreement with the patient and his wife. In the next 4 weeks, sleepiness and fatigue improved markedly; also bothersome daytime napping, floccillations and VH disappeared completely with a 9.5 mg/24 h rivastigmine patch. In a second CPAP-free afternoon VPS, worse AHI and ODI persisted, but notably, the oxygen desaturation nadir (86%) was ameliorated (Table 1). Increased respiratory arousals (Table 1) might have contributed to fewer excessive desaturations, thereby possibly reducing hypoxemic burden A


Tree breeding research began in the Northeast as early as the 1920s, when the Oxford Paper Company of Rumford, ME sponsored hybrid poplar breeding work by Dr. Ernest Schreiner. This research was transferred to the USDA Forest Service Northeastern Research Station in Durham, NH in 1937. For the rest of the 20th century, the Station remained active in long-term forest genetics research on a variety of species, including many research plantations on the Massabesic Experimental Forest near Alfred, ME. Some recent applications from research originated by the USDA Forest Service on white pine and sugar maple illustrate the continuing utility of this work. Various universities in New England also maintain long-term forest genetics research projects.


Summary Mice, inoculated intraperitoneally with lethal doses of group A streptococci, yielded L forms as well as streptococci from peritoneal exudate and heart blood at death. These L forms propagated readily and were recovered on penicillin-free medium after separation from the streptococci by differential filtration. They were shown to be derived from the original streptococcus, and usually appeared in mice inoculated with streptococci of relatively low virulence.


Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive subtype of lung cancer, representing around 15% of all lung cancer cases. SCLC is characterized by neuroendocrine pathological features, strong association with tobacco exposure, rapid widespread, high mutational rates and no oncogenic drivers (1).


This Paper first attempts an outline of the common elements of construction in utopian societies. It is claimed that recent theoretical approaches in sociology have tended to analyze social structure in terms of immobility, i.e., have assumed the utopian image of society. The author suggest that overconcern with the social system-in the structural-functionalist apprach-has led contemporary sociology to a loss of problem consciousness and urges that a conflict model be adopted for the explanation of sociological problems.


Different domains of perceptual expertise often lead to different hemispheric engagement (e.g. Kanwisher et al., 1997). Recent work suggests that the neural substrates engaged in musical reading are shifted from left hemisphere novice processing to bilateral processing in experts (Wong & Gauthier, 2010). To relate this shift to behavior, we tested whether music-reading training improves categorical and coordinate perceptual judgments, which are argued to rely on the left and right hemisphere respectively (Kosslyn et al., 1989). Music-reading experts and novices judged whether two sequentially presented music sequences were identical. The notes were either on a staff (categorical) or without a staff (coordinate) in either trained or untrained (90° rotated) orientations. Experts performed better than novices for categorical judgments, and the advantage was larger for the trained than untrained orientation. The two groups performed similarly for coordinate judgments. Music-reading fluency predicted performance in categorical judgments in the trained orientation in experts, while it predicted performance in all conditions in novices. This suggests that music-reading training selectively improves categorical judgments in the trained orientation, while music-reading ability in novices reflects general perceptual ability with notes. Future studies will clarify how these findings are related to the hemispheric shift in music-reading expertise.


In this research work, we consider a thermal energy system with a different controlling effects which impact the entire system. These controlling effects include the variable thermo-physical properties of Carreau fluid flow causing change in internal energy (viscous dissipation) of the permeable thermal conversion problem. The disturbance in fluid's motion is created by applying magnetic dipole. After converting the thermal system from partial differential into ordinary differential, the developed system is solved by using midpoint method in combination with bisection. The thermal energy extrusion system consists of velocity and temperature fields. The related controlling parameters include variable thermal conductivity parameter, Darcy-Forchheimer parameter, Eckert number, mixed convection parameter, variable viscosity parameter, ferrohydrodynamic interaction variable, Weissenberg number, curie temperature and Prandtl number. The sketched results provides good thermal effects on entire system for small and large values of these parameters. Carreau fluid model is performed to analyse the properties of shear thinning and thickening. It is noticed that velocity distribution reduces for large values of Williamson parameter, ferrohydrodynamic interaction variable, porosity parameter and variable viscosity parameter but opposite behavior is achieved for large values of Darcy-Forchheimer parameter. The temperature profile shows great impact by emerging parameters appearing on it. The small parameter and Eckert number shows enhancement in temperature distribution, but large reduction is noticed in temperature distribution for greater values of Prandtl number and curie parameter. Comparison of current thermal system is calculated for limited values of these parameters.


D. A. MILLER, R. TANTRAVAHI, R. R. SCHRECK, B. F. ERLANGER, AND O. J. MILLER. 1977. Mapping the locus of the H-Y gene on the human Y chromosome. Science. 198:940-942. KUHN, T. S. 1970. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 2nd ed. Univ. Chicago Press; Chicago, 111. MAYR, E. 1942. Systematics and the Origin of Species. Columbia Univ. Press (1964. Dover unabridged and corrected edition; New York, N.Y.). MAYR, E. 1963. Animal Species and Evolution, Harvard Univ. Press; Cambridge, Mass. MILKMAN, R. 1982. Perspectives on Evolution. Sinauer Assoc., Inc.; Sunderland, Mass. RACEY, P. A. AND J. D. SKINNER. 1979. Endocrine aspects of sexual mimicry in spotted hyenas Crocuta crocuta. J. Zool. 187: 315-326.


This study examined how a school-based environmental education (EE) program was implemented by teacher participants. Data were collected through a survey of participants in a school-based EE program (n = 111). Respondents were 24-67 years of age and predominantly female science teachers. Results revealed variability in implementation of the program's core components. Implementation scores were calculated to assess implementation fidelity to all program components, including core and non-core. Results indicated that most teachers implemented the school-based EE program with moderate fidelity. The results of this study have implications for the evaluation and, subsequently, the improvement of program design and curricula of school-based EE programs.


Macroporous resin was used to separate aureofuscin from fermentation broth of Streptomyces aureofuscus.n.sp,and hgih performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was adoted to determine aureofuscin quantitatively. The results showed that separation effect of aureofuscin is good by macroporous resin. The maximum absorption of aureofuscin is at 302.5 nm wavelength. The normalization analysis of HPLC indicated that aureofuscin content in the obtained sample by macroporous resin separation is 98%.


This paper presents a deep research on a novel 2-DOF planar parallel mechanism. The composition of this planar parallel mechanism is introduced, its direct and inverse kinematics solution equations as well as the solution equations for the speed and the acceleration are deduced. Meanwhile, the workspace and the singularity are also analyzed. Through the solving process we can see that the direct and inverse solution equations of this mechanism have explicit expressions and convenient to realize real-time control. It forms a solid basis for the design and development of this mechanism.


Internet-based gaming has grown tremendously in the last few years and it is possible to find many games from different genres (Gamasutra, 2009). Among these are the browser games which are defined by only requiring internet users to have a browser installed in their computer in order to play. Some are multiplayer and take advantage of the internet's widespread nature to link many players into a group game experience. Communities in these games are large and can vary from several hundreds to thousands of players gathered for a collective game experience (Massively Multiplayer Online Game, 2009).


ABSTRACT Chota, S., & Van der Stigchel, S. (2021). Dynamic and flexible transformation and reallocation of visual working memory representations (this issue); Iamshchinina, P., Christophel, T. B., Gayet, S., & Rademaker, R. L. (2021). Essential considerations for exploring visual working memory storage in the human brain (this issue); Lorenc, E. S., & Sreenivasa, K. K. (2021). Reframing the debate: the distributed systems view of working memory (this issue); and Teng, C., & Postle, B. R. (2021). Understanding occipital and parietal contributions to visual working memory: Commentary to Xu (2020) (this issue) each present a commentary regarding Xu, Y. (2020). Revisit once more the sensory storage account of visual working memory. Visual Cognition, 28(5-8), 433–446. https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2020.1818659 where I conclude that sensory regions are nonessential for the storage of information in visual working memory (VWM). They argue instead that sensory regions are critical to VWM storage. Here I briefly reiterate some of the key evidence against this account, some of which has not been accounted by the four commentaries. I also provide a detailed reanalysis of why the main evidence supporting this account may be problematic. Collectively, existence evidence from human neuroimaging and TMS studies and that from monkey neurophysiology studies does not provide strong support for the sensory storage account of VWM. To form an accurate understanding of the distinctive role each brain region may play in perception and VWM as well as how they may interact to collectively support a VWM task, it is important that we properly survey and evaluate all the available evidence.


Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing has recently received considerable attention for its potential of high resolution printing. In typical EHD printing, at the constant flow rate condition, the electric field applied between the nozzle and the electrically conductive substrate induces cone jet, so that a droplet smaller than nozzle diameter can be ejected. However, for real application, fluid should be supplied to the nozzle by the constant pressure for multi-nozzle EHD. In this work, at the constant back pressure condition in the reservoir, EHD jetting phenomena were observed changing bias voltage. In addition, the onset voltage for EHD jetting was measured changing glass capillary nozzle diameter (outer diameter: 23, 42μm), hydrostatic back pressure head on the reservoir and the distance between the nozzle and the bottom electrode.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


Forests are considered as savior of earth's ecological balance and considered to be one of the most essential resource. However, due to some reasons forest fire occurs which can affect the life of people, wild animals, forest resources and hence a disastrous loss to the environment. Forest fire detection is one of the most safety-critical application. In certain situations, sensor node may give incorrect data due to some faults in it. Since the network is unaware of the fault, it might lead to a serious problem. So, our objective is to detect the faulty nodes as well as the probability of fire to reduce the disastrous loss. In this paper, an algorithm was proposed to detect the faulty nodes and the probability of fire. We have calculated the probability of fire by using fuzzy logic. To validate the proposed algorithm we have conducted an experiment in an indoor laboratory environment.


On the basis of the positive research into Chinese consumption function model, this paper analyzes the contradictions between model and reality, micro and macro consumption functions, and probes into the reasons that cause these contradictions. The paper points out that the key to establish the Chinese consumption function lies in its micro basis the consumption behavior of consumers. Finally, this paper proposes three basic hypotheses related to specific consumption behavior of consumer in the current transitional period.


1. A method comprising: detecting events, determining the use of one or more connected devices, the definition of the event notification method via the notification adaptive scheme based on the determined usage; generating the message event notification based on said determined transmission method and Ensuring of said notification messages event notification to the connected device for the initiation of the said notification device connected, ukazyvayuscheg in the event, in accordance with the determined way uvedomleniya.2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the determination of a notification method comprises determining the notification method that provides event notification without interfering with the use of the connected ustroystva.3. A method according to claim 1, wherein generating the notification message about an event comprises generating a message comprising one or more parameters selected based on the determined notification method, wherein said one or more parameters indicating one or more of the following: warning mode, the duration alert, alert intensity, sound notifications, the duration of the sound notification, audible alarm volume, whether there should be provided a vibration alert Intense whether there should be ensured vnost vibration alert, the duration of the vibration alert, visual alert, or the brightness of the duration of visual opovescheniya.4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the determination of a notification method comprises selecting the connected device of said odnog


This study was focused on the function and value of cradlesong in oral literature of Kailinese. This study aimed to describe the function and value incradle song. There are some of the concepts and theory used in this study,they are the theory of culture, folklore theory, the theory of functions of literature, and the theory of literary value. Method used in this study was a qualitative descriptive with naturalistic approach. Sources of data in this study obtained from informants in the field. Data is collecting by used direct observation, recording, interviews, and taking note (writing record). Analysis of data using interactive analysis with three stages of analysis, namely data reduction, data presentation, and inference. Cradle song collected and analyzed in this study were four poems that obtained from four different informants. Each of Informants who researched is an active user of cradle song in Dolo district. The results showed that the function of cradle song (mompaova) include (1) informational function, (2) educational function, (3) command function, and (4) the entertainment function. While the value contained in cradle song (mompaova) include (1) the moral values, (2) the philosophicalvalue, (3) the religious value, (4) the social values, and (5) the aesthetic value. Keywords : Function, Value and Cradle Song


OBJECTIVE
We performed a phase II randomized, controlled, open-label, single-center study (Centros de Estudios de Infectología Pediátrica, Colombia) to examine the feasibility of combined administration of seasonal and MF59-adjuvanted A/H5N1 influenza vaccines using extemporaneous mixing or simultaneous administration.

METHODS
The primary objective of the study was to assess the immunogenicity of seasonal influenza and A/H5N1 vaccines using European licensure criteria (Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use [CHMP]); the secondary objective was to assess vaccine reactogenicity and safety.

RESULTS
In 401 healthy 18-40-year-old subjects, both vaccines were immunogenic in all settings; the vaccine for seasonal influenza met all CHMP criteria, unaffected by coadministration of A/H5N1 vaccine in separate or mixed injections. Likewise, the immunogenicity of A/H5N1 vaccine was unaffected by seasonal influenza vaccination, with hemagglutination inhibition seroprotection rates of 28%-40% after 1 dose and 67%-80% after 2 doses, sufficient to meet CHMP criteria. Solicited local and systemic adverse events were mainly mild to moderate. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported during the study period.

CONCLUSIONS
These data demonstrate that seasonal and MF59-adjuvanted A/H5N1 influenza vaccines can be given as a mixed injection or by simultaneous separate injections without affecting immunogenicity or safety, supporting the feasibility of incorporating prepandemic MF59-adjuvanted A/H5N1 vaccines into seasonal influenza vaccination programs and the development of tetravalent influenza vaccines, including pandemic strains. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT00481065.


Based on the previous introduced quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO), in this paper, a revised novel QPSO with hybrid cooperative search is proposed. Taking full advantages of the characteristics of mutualism among swarms, the cooperative search is carried out to improve the diversity of the swarms, so as to help the system escape from local optima and converge to global optima. With the help of the cooperative search among different swarms, hybrid cooperative quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (HCQPSO) makes the swarms more efficient in global search. The experimental results on test functions show that HCQPSO with hybrid cooperative search outperforms the QPSO. In addition, simulation results show the suitability of the proposed algorithm in terms of effectiveness and robustness.


In present study, the simulated binaural room impulse responses with different reverberation times (RTs), were convolved with the test word and sentence signals, and noise signal, and then reproduced by headphone. The subjective word and sentence recognition scores for elderly under different signal-to-noise ratio and RT were obtained. The results show that the shorter the RT, the higher the scores of word recognition and sentence recognition for the elderly. The higher the signal-to-noise ratio, the higher the scores of word recognition and sentence recognition. There is high correlation between the scores of word recognition and sentence recognition for the elderly.


Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the need for healthcare service reform in order to reduce the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection between patients, healthcare providers and medical trainees. Gastroenterologists have been challenged to adopt to virtual consultations and accommodate medical trainees in their virtual clinics. Aims To assess the impact of virtual care on medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic Methods A REDCap survey was disseminated among gastroenterology providers via email. The subsection of the survey on medical education consisted of 4 questions pertaining to inclusion of trainees in virtual clinics, type of virtual clinic, observation method and an open-ended question for additional comments. Quantitative data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27 and qualitative theme analysis was applied for short answer responses. Results Of the 24 respondents that completed the survey, only 6 (25%) had trainees involved in their clinics (Table 1). The type of clinic consultations conducted were telephone only (50%), a combination of telephone, video and hospital-base telehealth (33.3%) and hospital-based telehealth only (16.7%). There was an equal split between direct and indirect observations. Preceptors that had previous experience with virtual consultation prior to the pandemic, were more likely to include trainees in their virtual clinics (66.6% vs 33.4%; Fisher's exact test, p=0.033). For preceptors who included trainees in their virtual clinics, their overall satisfaction averaged 0.51 points lower (95% CI: 0.19–0.84, p=0.004). Concerns identified were lack of trainee engagement, adequate remuneration for healthcare providers, and lack of training for trainee and preceptors on how to navigate virtual platforms. Conclusions This survey demonstrates that gastroenterologists with previous experience with virtual clinics are more likely to accommodate trainees in their virtual clinics. However, involving trainees seem to reduce preceptor's satisfaction with virtual clinic. Our findings suggest that there is a need to provide telemedicine training for both educators and trainees, in order to alleviate concerns and promote its adoption as organizations seek to continue to provide high-quality medical education while providing virtual care. Funding Agencies None


Cutting system volume constant chip for machine tools. Cutting system volume constant chip for machine tools comprising at least one phase of cutting tube or round bar, in which the speed of advance of the unit cross section, controlled by a logic unit, adapts continuously and regular release, the volume of ablated chip and accumulated in each recess of the cutting blade, since the cutting bar, be a speed higher feed at the beginning and end of the cut and a lower speed in the central area.


In recent years,with the rapid development of economy,the environment in rural areas are deteriorating,therefore,studying the role local government plays in governing environment in rural areas is of great significance.Using game theory,the author analyzed behaviors of local government and the related parties in environmental pollution in rural areas by case of Z group in Fujian Province,and then put forward some suggestions accordingly.


Based on the ground experimental data of the micro turbine engine, the models of the input signal-rotation speed and the rotation speed-thrust are established using the least square method. The models are also validated, laying foundations of the further research of the control of the micro turbine engine.


Some scholars have tried to prove that "Malachi" was not the name of a prophet but the title of an anonymous prophet. None of the references to this book in the New Testament mention Malachi by name (cf. Matt. 11:10; Mark 1:2; Luke 7:27). The arguments for anonymity rest on four points.1 First, "Malachi" is a title rather than a name in its form. The Septuagint translators rendered it "my messenger" in 1:1. However, it could be a short form of a name such as Malachiyyah, "messenger of Yahweh." There are several other shortened forms of names similar to this in the Old Testament (e.g., 'abi in 2 Kings 18:2, cf. 'abiyyah in 2 Chron. 29:1; and 'uri in 1 Kings 4:19, cf. 'uriyyah in 1 Chron. 11:41).


This study aimed to describe anxiety, depression and perceived social support variables of University of Chile dental students in two moments in the semester, and also checks the requirements of this curriculum and the increases of the levels of anxiety and depression. The scales Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale -HADS- (Snaith & Zigmond, 1983) and Duke University Functional Social Support -DUFSS- were applied. The study was a cross-sectional and longitudinal, descriptive, correlational and with a nonrandom sample (n=440). The findings are that students are significantly more anxious than depressed, especially female, and those who attend to the third and fourth years. The HADS has good reliability, finding a solution of two factors that indicate the original structure of the questionnaire.


Background To validate and update a prediction rule for estimating the risk of leprosy-related nerve function impairment (NFI). Methodology/Principal Findings Prospective cohort using routinely collected data, in which we determined the discriminative ability of a previously published rule and an updated rule with a concordance statistic (c). Additional risk factors were analyzed with a Cox proportional hazards regression model. The population consisted of 1,037 leprosy patients newly diagnosed between 2002 and 2003 in the health care facilities of the Rural Health Program in Nilphamari and Rangpur districts in northwest Bangladesh. The primary outcome was the time until the start of treatment. An NFI event was defined as the decision to treat NFI with corticosteroids after diagnosis. NFI occurred in 115 patients (13%; 95% confidence interval 11%–16%). The original prediction rule had adequate discriminative ability (c = 0.79), but could be improved by substituting one predicting variable: 'long-standing nerve function impairment at diagnosis' by 'anti-PGL-I antibodies'. The adjusted prediction rule was slightly better (c = 0.81) and identified more patients with NFI (80%) than the original prediction rule (72%). Conclusions/Significance NFI can well be predicted by using the risk variables 'leprosy classification' and 'anti-PGL-I antibodies'. The use of these two variables that do not include NFI offer the possibility of predicting NFI, even before it occurs for the first time. Surveillance beyond the treatment period can be targeted to those most likely to benefit from preventing permanent disabilities.


Based on parallel scheduling schema for multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem(MMRCPSP) with the objective of minimizing activities' cost, a two-step activity-mode scheduling schema is proposed. Some prior rules for selecting activity and mode are discussed respectively. In this schema, a feasible activity is selected firstly according to prior rule for activity, and a feasible mode is selected for the selected activity according to mode prior rule. Numerical study on updated PSPLIB shows that two-step activity-mode scheduling schema are superior to union actity-mode scheduling schema, and the effect is better when the eclectic relative cost is considered as the mode prior rule.


Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and dezocine used to supplement awake tracheal intubation assisted by fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) in elderly patients.

Methods
Sixty elderly patients aged 65-77 yr, of ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ(Mallampati grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ), scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=20 each) using a random number table: dezocine group (group DEZ), dexmedetomidine group (group DEX) and dezocine combined with dexmedetomidine group (group DEZ+ DEX). Dezocine 0.1 mg/kg was injected intravenously in group DEZ.Dexmedetomidine 0.4 μg/kg was infused intravenously over 10-15 min in group DEX.In group DEZ+ DEX, dexmedetomidine 0.4 μg/kg was infused intravenously over 10-15 min, and dezocine 0.1 mg/kg was injected simultaneously.Laryngeal mucous membrane was sprayed with 2% lidocaine for topical anesthesia during infusion in all the three groups.In addition, 1% tetracaine 3 ml was injected into trachea through cricothyroid membrane.Awake tracheal intubation was performed and assisted by FOB after the end of administration in all the three groups.Cardiovascular response (MAP or HR>30% of baseline values) and respiratory depression (SpO2<90% and RR<8 bpm) were recorded during the period between induction of anesthesia and 3 min after intubation was completed.The intubation time was recorded.The tolerance of tracheal tube was assessed in the patients.At the time of topical anesthesia, when epiglottis came into view, immediately after tracheal tube was successfully inserted into trachea, and at 3 min after successful intubation, perfusion index and Ramsay sedation score, and patients' satisfaction with the sedation (Ramsay sedation score 2-4) were recorded.

Results
Compared with group DEZ or DEX, the tolerance of tracheal tube was significantly enhanced, intubation time was shortened, the rate of satisfactory sedation was increased, perfusion index and the incidence of cardiovascular response were decreased in DEZ+ DEX group.There was no significant difference in respiratory depression among the three groups.

Conclusion
Dexmedetomidine and dezocine can provide better condition for awake tracheal intubation assisted by FOB than dexmedetomidine or dezocine alone in elderly patients.

Key words:
Dexmedetomidine; Analgesics, opioid; Intubation, intratracheal; Aged; Bronchoscopy


Three species of Lythraceae were recorded for the cangas of the Serra dos Carajas, Para, Brazil: Cuphea annulata, and C. carthagenensis, South American species of wide distribution and C. carajasensis, endemic to rocky outcrops of Carajas.


A System of Prices and Markets Money and Price Stability Country Specific Economic Systems Promoting Economic Growth Financial and Capital Markets Institutions to Support Markets: Government Reform International Economy: A Time of Troubles? International Monetary Fund: A New Role? Bibliography Index


In a recent article in this journal [3], Hugh Lehman attempts to establish the thesis that the concept of a biological species as a gene pool is to be preferred to the typological concept and to the concept of a species as defined by characteristics of the phenotype. While accepting all of Lehman's strictures against the typological concept and many against the phenotypic, I should like to call attention to a few matters which make it very doubtful that Mr. Lehman has established his general conclusion. First, one brief but important matter. In arguing his thesis, Mr. Lehman develops and employs four general desiderata of species concepts. I shall list them here, in short form, for reference:


The authors have developed software simulation for ANN systems with two learning paradigms back-propagation and competitive learning on a CRAY X-MP computer system. They use the back-propagation network with three layers: the input layer, hidden layer and the output layer. They use seven, sixteen and four neurodes in input, hidden and output layers respectively. The seven units in the input layer represent seven spectral band values for a given pixel. The four neurodes in the output layer represent four categories of objects. In the training phase they use four training areas of size 10X10 each. The model was trained with the training set data. The authors had to iterate the training set data 900 times to ensure that weights were stabilized. The learning process consumed 35.6 seconds on the CRAY X-MP machine. A similar ANN model was also developed on an IBM PS/2 system. The learning process with the same training set data consumed 88155 seconds (244875 hours) of processing time.<<ETX>>


Research has demonstrated an association between childhood trauma exposure and juvenile delinquency. This association may be explained by callous traits, defined as a lack of empathy or guilt. Callous traits may stem from trauma exposure and are often associated with the most severe offending patterns. Therefore, it is important to investigate whether specific posttraumatic reactions may explain the relation between trauma exposure and callous traits, as well as severe and consistent offending patterns. Research has not yet investigated the role of posttraumatic overmodulation (emotional numbing, avoidance, and dissociation) in the relation between trauma exposure and callous traits and offending patterns. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the role of overmodulation in the association between trauma exposure and callous traits and whether overmodulation would be associated with more severe offending patterns. Participants included 363 detained youth (94 girls, 269 boys) who completed self-report measures of trauma exposure, PTSS, and callous traits. Youth charge data were obtained from the juvenile detention facility and coded for severity of offending, prior charges, and recidivism. Results of mediation demonstrated that the relation between trauma exposure and callous traits exhibited an indirect effect through overmodulation. Results also indicated that callous traits were significantly related to greater recidivism. In contrast, overmodulation was significantly related to decreased recidivism. Results suggest that interventions aimed to treat callous traits may benefit from considering


Bamboo under agroforestry systems is suitable for intercropping, soil conservation, wind break, repaires filter and permaculture. They can be planted by farmers in homestead. small scale farmlands or managed as groves. Besides, bamboo can be grown with multipurpose tree species on wastelands or degraded lands. Bamboo based agroforestry gives much higher returns than the other systems.


The reaction kinetic processes of species produced in a pulsed TEA CO2 laser induced si-lane plasma were studied with the time-resolved OES. It is showed that the time position of main peaks for different fragments' charactristic lines are appreciably different. The reaction kinetic processes are discussed based on the results. By comparing the time evolution of the lines of the fragments and considering the other results of OES, We infer that the final reaction channel of the laser-induced silane plasma is a Si producing channel.


The moon is a unique location in our solar system and provides important information regarding the exposure to free space that is essential for future human space exploration to mars and beyond. The active broadband (1 kHz−100 MHz) tripole antenna now envisaged to be placed on the European Lunar Lander located at the Lunar South Pole allows for sensitive measurements of the exosphere and ionosphere, and their interaction with the Earths magnetosphere, solar particles, wind and CMEs and studies of radio communication on the moon, that are essential for future lunar human and science exploration. In addition, the lunar South pole provides an excellent opportunity for radio astronomy. Placing a single radio antenna in an eternally dark crater or behind a mountain at the south (or north) pole would potentially provide perfect shielding from man-made radio interference (RFI), absence of ionospheric distortions, and high temperature and antenna gain stability that allows detection of the 21 cm wave emission from pristine hydrogen formed after the big bang and into the period where the first stars formed. A detection of the 21 cm line from the moon at these frequencies would allow for the first time a clue on the distribution and evolution on mass in the early universe between the Epoch of Recombination and Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Next to providing a cosmological breakthrough, a single lunar radio antenna would allow for studies of the effect of solar flares and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) on the solar wind at distances close to earth (space weather) and would open up the study of low frequency radio events (flares and pulses) from planets such as Jupiter and Saturn, which are known to emit bright (kJy−MJy) radio emission below 30 MHz (Jester and Falcke, 2009). Finally, a single radio antenna on the lunar lander would pave the way for a future large lunar radio interferometer; not only will it demonstrate the possibilities for lunar radio science and open up the last unexplored radio regime, but it will also allow a determination of the limitations of lunar radio science by measuring the local radio background noise.


This Species Profile on king and Spanish mackerel summarizes the taxonomy, morphology, distribution, life history, fishery descriptions, ecological role, and environmental requirements of these coastal pelagic fish to assist environmental impact assessment. King and Spanish mackerel support major commercial and sport fisheries in south Florida. In 1974 to 1983, Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic commercial landings of king mackerel declined from 10.4 to 4.3 million lb.; Spanish mackerel have fluctuated between 4.9 to 17.4 million lb. Both inhabit coastal waters, but Spanish mackerel are generally found closer to beaches and in outer estuarine waters. Both species feed principally on estuarine-dependent species. They are highly migratory, exhibiting seasonal migrations to winter feeding grounds off south Florida and summer spawning/feeding grounds in the northern Gulf of Mexico and off the Atlantic coast of the Southeastern US. Spawning occurs from March/April through September/October between the middle and Outer Continental Shelf (35 to 183 mi) for king mackerel and the inner shelf (12 to 34 mi) for Spanish mackerel. King mackerel reach sexual maturity in their 3rd and 4th years and Spanish, between their 2nd and 3rd. Female king mackerel live longer and grow larger and faster than males. Spanish mackerel live to 8more » years; females also grow faster than males. King and Spanish mackerel feed principally on schooling fishes. Larvae and juveniles of both species are prey to little tunny and dolphin; adults are prey for sharks and bottlenose dolphin. Temperature and salinity are important factors regulating mackerel distribution.« less


There have been numerous studies of African-American political participation, but little research investigating the effect of African-American candidates on political discussion. This is surprising, given the importance of political discussion in democratic theory and the increased attention it has received in the literature. We address this gap by examining the effect of a successful African-American Democratic candidate on psychological engagement and political discussion in a majority white, majority Republican local election in the Deep South. Our findings reveal a paradox—African-American voters paid more attention to the election and reported being more informed and more satisfied with the candidates, but were less likely to have discussed the election. The negative effect of race was less than in other concurrent races, indicating that the presence of an African-American candidate may limit but not erase participation differentials in political discussion.


Truncal dystonia may occur due to different etiologies, aside from Wilson's disease (WD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of dystonia in patients with neurological WD, with particular focus on extensor truncal dystonia (ETD). We performed a retrospective analysis from medical records, clinical interviews, and video records of 22 sequential Egyptian patients (14 males and 8 females; mean age, 19.9 years; standard deviation [SD], 6.3 years) who were diagnosed with neurological WD. Patients were recruited from the Department of Neurology, Ain Shams University and from the Yassin Abdelghaffar Charity Center for Liver Disease (Cairo, Egypt) between 2007 and 2011. Informed consent was obtained. The diagnosis of WD was established according to clinical history, examination, laboratory investigations, liver biopsy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, and slit-lamp examination. Each patient underwent a full neurological examination, and dystonia was rated using the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) as a total score and as a trunk subscore. Dysarthria and walking were rated using speech and walking subscales for the neurologic rating of WD, respectively. Current treatment and compliance were determined as previously reported. The Student t test and the v test were used to analyze continuous and noncontinuous variables, respectively. Correlations were tested using the Spearman correlation test. Table 1 summarizes the demographic, clinical characteristics, treatment, and MRI findings in patients who had neurological WD with and without dystonia. Fourteen patients had dystonia (63.6%; 57.1% had generalized dystonia, 28.6% had multifocal dystonia, and 14.3% had segmental dystonia), which was the presenting sign in 8 patients (36.3%). One patient developed status dystonicus with a fatal outcome. ETD was present in 11 dystonic patients (78.6%; mean age, 21.38 years; SD, 7.8 years; mean duration, 8.9 years; SD, 8.7 years) and was a predominant feature in 5 patients (35.7%) (see Video Segments 1 and 2). ETD was associated with lateral bending in 6 patients (54.5%), whereas no patients had flexed spine posturing (camptocormia). The mean trunk BFMDRS score was 8.9 (SD, 3.94) and was correlated significantly with dysarthria (r 5 0.850; P 5 0.001) and walking impairment (r 5 0.711; P 5 0.014), but not with age or duration of illness. Sixteen patients were receiving treatment with D-penicillamine, zinc, and symptomatic treatment (biperiden and/or baclofen). Nine of those patients (40.9%) were compliant. None of the patients received drugs known to exacerbate dystonia. To our knowledge, this is the first study highlighting ETD as a common and disabling manifestation in WD. In our series, ETD was present in 50% and 78.6% of patients with neurological WD and dystonic WD, respectively, and had a positive correlation with walking impairment. These findings should be interpreted in relation to treatment noncompliance. ETD is a nonspecific feature and has been reported in both primary and secondary dystonias. Its presence has prognostic and therapeutic implications. Despite the small number of patients studied here, the presence and recognition of ETD may be a useful clinical sign pointing toward the diagnosis of WD and contributing to an earlier diagnosis and improved management. -----------------------------------------------------------Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article.


This paper presents a highly-efficient on-chip W-band single-diode rectifier for energy recovery in 6G transmitters and wireless power transfer applications. For the first time a W-band rectifier has been fabricated on an InP HBT process. The circuit consists of a 2 x (0.85 x 6 μm2) series p-n diode as the core rectification element and a big shunted capacitor. No input matching has been applied. At 108 GHz the rectifier achieves a measured record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 69% for - 1.5 dBm RF input power (RFin). The PCE reaches 14 % for RFin of about 15 dBm with 5 mW of DC output power. The chip shows a very compact size with 360 x 260 μm2 including pads.


ABSTRACT Ceramic thermal barrier coatings are being used in oil and gas industries, gas turbines and diesel engines. An atmospheric plasma spraying process is used to coat the ceramics on stainless steel grade 304 substrates. The salt spray (fog) test procedure was used to assess the corrosion resistance of ceramic-coated specimens. The coatings with ceria and without ceria on yttria-stabilised zirconia were compared for corrosion resistance. The commencement of red dust and the amount of weight loss of the coated specimens were related to time. The results indicated that the ceria mixed yttria-stabilised zirconia showed a better corrosion resistance.


Comparative evaluation of biodiversity conservation effectiveness is significance to implement the transfer payment policy of ecological compensation reasonablyꎬ as to promote the effective improvement of the national ecological conservation management level. In this studyꎬ the important ecological function areas for biodiversity conservationꎬ which originated from the National Ecological Function Zoning during 2015ꎬ were used for spatially comparative assessment. The conservation effectiveness structure index was established to explore the regional differences of biodiversity conservation effectiveness in important ecological function areas. The results showed that: (1) the structural reference of important ecological function areas in the South Chinaꎬ East China and Central China was better than the Northeastꎬ and important ecological function areas in the Northwest and Southwest were the worstꎬ which illustrated the regional diversity of the national ecological