Four kinds of WC, ZrO_2, Cr_2O_3 and Al_2O_3 ceramic particles/nickel alloy composite coatings were prepared with the plasma spraying method. The X-ray diffraction analysis was used to investigate the phase constituent of ceramic particles in composite coatings. The hardness of the ceramic particles/nickel alloy composite coating was measured by the Leeb hardness tester. The properties of bend breaking of composite coatings were measured using CSS-1110 electric all-purpose test meter. The micro-structures of composite coatings were treated as a binarization after morphological processing. The fractal dimensions of the ceramic particles/nickel alloy composite coatings with different volume fractions of particles were obtained by means of the Sandbox method. Experimental results indicate that the distributions of ceramic particles in metal matrix have a fractal characteristic. The fractal dimensions increase with the increase of particle volume fractions. The dimensions are irrelative with the kinds of ceramic particles. The hardness and dimension of composite coatings increase with the decrease of diameter of ceramic particles. The bending fracture angles decrease with the increase of dimensions of ceramic particles/nickel alloy composite coatings.


ABSTRACT The effects of different aggregation–precipitation states of the doping Ba2+-ion on the X-ray-induced generation of F-centres in KCl:Ba2+(675 ppm):Eu2+(27 ppm) single crystals was investigated by optical absorption spectrophotometry. Such states were induced to occur in a controlled manner by subjecting the crystals to suitable thermal treatments. During these treatments, the aggregation–precipitation kinetics of the doping Ba2+-ions was monitored, by optical fluorescence spectrophotometry, utilising the doping Eu2+-ion as an optical probe. As dissolved into the host matrix as forming part of impurity–vacancy (I–V) dipole complexes and small aggregates, divalent barium increases the initial F-colouring rate and F-centre solubility limit by impressive factors of 2 ± 1 and 3 ± 1, respectively, in relation to those of a non-doped crystal. As a constituent of incipient metastable BaCl2-type second-phase precipitates, divalent barium reduces the initial F-colouring rate and F-centre concentration at which the second colouring stage begins by factors of 0.6 ± 0.1 and 0.8 ± 0.1, respectively, in relation to those of the crystal containing barium I–V dipole complexes and small aggregates. As forming part of stable BaCl2 second-phase precipitates and large metastable BaCl2-type second-phase precipitates, divalent barium modifies such a rate and concentration by factors of 1.4 ± 0.1 and 0.7 ± 0.1, respectively, in relation to those of the crystal containing incipient metastable BaCl2-type second-phase precipitates. Also, the doping with divalent barium disrupts the equilibrium between the generation and extinction of F-centres that exists characteristically during the F-curve second colouring stage in a non-doped KCl crystal so that such a rate increases as the aggregation–precipitation phenomena occur within the host matrix. This rate is 0.08 ± (0.08, 0.07), 0.10 ± 0.06 and 0.22 ± (0.05, 0.08) cm–1/h for crystals containing the divalent barium in the form of I–V dipole complexes and small aggregates, incipient precipitates of the metastable BaCl2-type second phase, and large precipitates of both the metastable BaCl2-type second phase and the stable BaCl2 second phase, respectively. The structural mechanisms that are behind the observed effects are discussed.


Passive houses are buildings in which a high level of comfort can be achieved without a separate heating system or air-conditioning system. A prototype passive house has been occupied by four families since October 1991; it requires so little space heating (less than the equivalent of 160 m3 natural gas per year for each dwelling with 156 m' living area), that it was indeed found possible to dispense with a dedicated heating system. The results of the research projects on the prototype passive house are presented, including comparison of measurement results with computer simulations. In a passive house, largely passive techniques are employed to keep the interior climate comfortable: U-values of the buildung fabric <0.15 W/(m*K); thermal brigdes reduced to almost O; airtightness n~O<0.6at/h; air-to-air heat exchangers with q>80°/o; insulated window frames and special 3-pane glazing give a total UW<0.8W/(m2K) while energy-transmittance is kept >50?40; latent heat recovery from exhaust air; highly efficient low energy household appliances. The sum of space heating, domestic hot water heating and household electricity is extremely low, <42 kWh/(m2a). This is about one quarter of the average consumption required by present building regulations for new buildings in Germany. The passive house technology is suitable for use in cost efficient buildings; more than 50 passive houses were built in 1997 at low costs; in 1998, settlements of some 100 cost efficient passive houses in different designs will be built. Passive Houses: No need for active heating and cooling Passive houses are buildings in which a high level of comfort is achieved in winter and in summer without a separate heating system or air-conditioning system the house 'heats' and 'cools' itself purely 'passively' [Adamson 1987] [Feist 1988]. In a passive house, largely passive techniques are employed to keep the interior climate comfortable: Good thermal insulation, passive use of solar energy by means of "superglazing", highly efficient recovery of heat from the exhaust air, and passive preheating of the supply air. This maybe further supplemented by an active solar support of domestic hot water heating. Theoretical feasibility of the passive house A house cools to the extent to which it loses heat. In the passive house, this heat loss is reduced to such a low level that the flee heat suffices to offset the losses. Computer simulations have shown that this indeed works in Central and Northern European latitudes (fig. 1) [Feist 1993]. Practical feasibility of the passive house: Built prototype The first house without need for a heating system in Germany was built in 1991 with the support of the state of Hessen in Darmstadt-Kranichstein [PHI 1997], which was designed by the architects Prof. BottiRidder and Westermeyer (fig. 2). The house has been occupied by four families since Cost Eficient Passive Houses in Central European Climate -5.89 October 1991 it requires so little 'stand-by heat' for space heating (less than the equivalent of 160 m3 natural gas per year for a dwelling with 156 m2 living area), that it was indeed found possible to dispense with a dedicated heating system. The results of the research projects on the prototype passive house are compiled below. A low energy requirement for space heating can, however, also be achieved by 'consuming' large amounts of electric energy. This would not be in the interests of the objective of keeping the use of non-renewable energy as low as possible. Therefore a passive house is a building whose total specific energy consumption does not exceed 42 kWh/(m2a) under normal contempo. standard " ~fr~heat~o~,ize~-"


Graduate student instructors (GSIs) – or teaching assistants – are a critical resource upon which many large research institutions rely. The GSI position also provides a pivotal opportunity for developing the next generation of engineering faculty and industry leaders through training and mentoring. A centrally organized peer mentor program 1 is one approach that can positively impact not only the GSIs' teaching experiences, but the peer mentors' experiences as well. 2 This paper evaluates the Engineering GSI Mentor (EGSM) program at the University of Michigan, which is designed to train and empower selected graduate students to provide teaching-related services to their fellow GSIs. EGSMs' duties range from consultations on a variety of pedagogical topics to in-classroom services, such as observing a GSI's teaching and eliciting feedback from a GSI's students. Furthermore, EGSMs consult on general graduate student issues such as advisor-advisee relationships and time management strategies. EGSMs work in teams to develop and facilitate well-attended workshops of interest to all graduate students. Workshops focus on academic as well as professional themes, and are aimed at helping participants define and accomplish their goals through graduate school. In this paper, we discuss the training that EGSMs receive as teaching consultants and mentors to their fellow graduate students. In particular, we describe the training curriculum that has been developed to help prepare EGSMs for their roles. Topic areas covered in the curriculum and the format in which the training is delivered are discussed. Our data are obtained from a survey of current and former EGSMs. We conclude by describing how both the formal professional development sessions and the on-the-job training and experiences helped to prepare alumni of the EGSM program for their careers in both industrial and academic settings.


Aviva Butt has just finished translating in collaboration with the author, Salim Barakat's first novel Fuqahā' al-Ẓalām (Sages of Darkness). The translation was done from an original Arabic manuscript of the 1994 text. Sages of Darkness is a Kurdish Sufi novel depicting Kurdish life in late Ottoman times. It is, in fact, a philosophical novel with a strong dose of psychological realism, written in a style derived from Classical Modernism. And so, it is mainstream literature, an achievement in view of the late start in novel-writing by the Kurdish far-flung writers' community. The action line, full of suspense, violence, and murder, is greatly about the tribal notable "Avdei Sarei," who does everything he can to ensure the survival of his business and the economic health of his endeavors. He is unsuccessful in protecting Kurdish farmland against the Bedouin who live in tents and rove and steal without regard for the rights of settlements—and are supported by the foreign imperialist governance. Carrying on with his usual but depleted trading, Avdei's smuggling business over the Syrian-Turkish border supplements the community's income. He finds it unbearably hard to come to terms with the loss of his heroic son Majido, whom he sacrifices for the sake of the survival of his family, the community, and Kurdish notions.


Preface 1. Antifreeze glycopeptide heterogeneity and abundance in Antarctic fishes Chi-Hing C. Cheng 2. Cold inducible gene transcription: delta-9 desaturases and the adaptive control of membrane lipid composition P. E. Tiku, A. Y. Gracey and A. R. Cossins 3. Ion transport in teleosts: identification and expression of ion transporting proteins in branchial and intestinal epithelia of the European eel C. P. Cutler, I. L. Sanders, G. Like, N. Hazon and G. Cramb 4. Temperature and adaptation: selective expression of myosin heavy chain genes and muscle function in carp G. Goldspink 5. Crustacean genes involved in growth A. J. El Haj 6. Use of the zebrafish for studies involved in the control of development Qiling Xu, K. Griffin, R. Patient and N. Holder 7. Myosin heavy chain isogene expression in the carp S. Ennion 8. Rainbow trout myosin heavy chain polymorphism during development L. Gauvry, C. Perez and B. Fauconneau 9. Transient expression of reporter genes in fish as a measure of promoter efficiency N. Maclean, M. Samsul Alam, A. Iyengar and A. Popplewell 10. The use of transient lacZ expression in fish embryos for comparative analysis of cloned regulatory elements F. Muller, L. Gauvry, D. Williams, J. Kobolak, N. Maclean, L. Orban and G. Goldspink 11. Molecular characterization of prolactin receptor in tilapia P. Prunet, O. Sandra and B. Auperin Index.


We demonstrate a very efficient route for electroless deposition of Pd nanoparticles on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of a pyridine-terminated thiol. This method involves reduction of the coordinated Pd2+ on SAMs by exposure to molecular hydrogen. A complete Pd adlayer surface coverage can be obtained. Moreover, this work is the first experimental demonstration of hydrogen adsorption on Pd adlayers.


: Preload directly affects the fastening performance of bolted joints. Existing research results have shown that preload may decline readily when bolted joints are subjected to cyclic transversal vibration. Plastic deformation and rotation loosening have been thought of as the two main causes resulting in the preload decline. The mechanism of preload decline under transversal vibration is revealed further by several sets of finite element simulations. It is found that the stress redistribution is another important cause leading to the preload decline. Then, the effects of stress redistribution, plastic deformation and rotation loosening on the preload decline are investigated. Various conditions of transversal force, friction coefficients and material properties are used in the simulations. Finally, a typical preload decline curve containing three stages is obtained. At last, transversal vibration experiments were performed to verify the reliability of the typical preload decline curve.


In these experiments puppies of about two months old were fed on diets which were found to produce rickets in the course of 3-4 months. Two such diets were used: (1) Milk, rice, oatmeal and sodium chloride, (2) Milk and bread. Salt is essential for life in the case of the first diet. The milk must be limited to less than '200 c.c. each day. If it is much increased no rickets develop. In the case of other puppies, different classes of foodstuffs were added to the ricketty diet and the development or non-development of the disease investigated. The results were of such a nature that if rickets did not develop it could be assumed that it contained some anti-rachitic factor. The following lists briefly indicate some of the results obtained:


Nucleic acid amplification was performed for five loci in the cag pathogenicity island (PAI) of Helicobacter pylori (comprising cagA , the cagA promoter region, cagE , cagT , and the left end of cag II [LEC]), and gastric inflammation in patients was evaluated. Of 204 H. pylori isolates from Japanese patients (53 with peptic ulcer, 55 with gastric cancer, and 96 with chronic gastritis), 197 (96.6%) were positive for all five loci. Two isolates (1%) were negative for all five loci, and five isolates (2.4%) were positive for only cagA and LEC. These latter seven isolates were all from patients with mild chronic gastritis. Neutrophil infiltration in gastric mucosa was significantly milder in patients infected with partially or totally deleted-PAI strains than in those with intactPAI strains. The cagE gene was a more accurate marker of an intact cag PAI than the cagA gene, and cagE seemed to be more useful in discriminating between H. pylori strains causing different rates of disease progression. Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative,


A planar graph is inscribable if it is combinatorial equivalent to the skeleton of a polyhedra which is inscribed in a sphere. For an inscribable graph, in its combinatorial equivalent class, if we could always find polyhedra inscribed in any given convex surface which is sufficiently close to the sphere, then we call such an inscribable graph a stable one.
By combining the Teichm\"{u}ller theory of packings with differential topology method, in this paper there is investigation on the stability of some inscribable graphs.


When dealing with the registration of infrared thermal images and visual light images by means of normalized mutual information,we convert the infrared thermal images to their negative ones so that the converted images seem to be more alike with the corresponding visual light images.Actual computations,however,indicate that the registration based on mutual information is independent of positive or negative images,and this conclusion can be theoretically proved.


The following paper explores a redefinition of landscape as a diagrammatic exploration of space based upon a metaphorical application of chaos theory and fractal geometry could redefine landscape. Examining the chaotic quality of interstitial spaces through both design and representation would help reestablish landscape architecture as a vital part of the architecture design process. By employing metaphorically the perceptions of space offered by fractal geometry. landscape architecture could revitalize the humanness now lost in much modem architecture and urban design. The paper offers a brief look at both the traditional design process and the unique contribution of Frank Gehry to the design process. Definition of Landscape The one question rarely examined in landscape architecture practice is the definition of landscape itself. For many architects, landscape is often just "the visual interpretation of the configuration of the land" [1] or as J.B. Jackson argues, "a concrete, three-dimensional shared reality" [2] For many architects, landscape is defined as the space next to the building, space that frames the building but is not architecture. Although landscape is, for many, seen as a composition of water, soil, and plant material, it is also seen as uncontrollable space, space to hurry through to reach the security of one building or another. As suggested later, landscape is the liminal, not merely incidental, experience realized by movement from inside to outside and outside into the inside, through the dimensions of time and movement. Much landscape architecture relies on the traditional architectural approach using Euclidian geometry to order space. Classical architectural texts by Palladio and Alberti as well as Francis Ching's Architecture: Form, Space and Order, which focus on the careful study of the golden rectangles, are required texts for both architects and landscape architects. These strict geometrical models based in a certain philosophy assume an order of the world that comes from without, applied upon the human experience.


We present three new reader-writer lock algorithms that scale under high read-only contention. Many previous reader-writer locks suffer significant degradation when many readers attempt to acquire the lock concurrently, even though they are all allowed to hold the lock at the same time. In contrast, our locks scale almost perfectly when there is only read contention on a 4-chip system with a total of 256 hardware threads.
 Two of the algorithms extend the MCS queue mutex to provide reader-writer synchronization with low overhead, and can be used when busy-waiting synchronization is appropriate. The third algorithm is an improvement on a production-quality reader-writer lock used in the SolarisTM kernel, which provides robust priority and flexible fairness guarantees.
 A key tool we developed to implement our reader-writer locks is the closable scalable nonzero indicator (C-SNZI), a variation on the SNZI object. C-SNZI objects allow us to significantly reduce the contention among reads when many readers try to acquire the lock concurrently, but keeps the acquisition overhead small in the absence of read contention. We present an algorithm for C-SNZI that achieves this goal, and show how it can be used by each of our lock algorithms to provide scalable reader-writer locks with different fairness guarantees.


The invention discloses a cathodic protection monitoring probe, a cathodic protection monitoring probe monitoring system, and a manufacturing method and a monitoring method thereof. The probe main body is integrally cylindrical; the probe core is integrally cylindrical and is provided with a hollow blind hole; the hollow hole is a probe core cavity; the upper part of the probe core is provided with an electrode threaded hole which passes through the cylindrical wall of the probe core and is communicated with the probe core cavity; the probe core cavity is provided with a reference electrode; and a fixing layer is arranged between the reference electrode and the cylindrical wall of the probe core so as to fix the reference electrode in the probe core. The cathodic protection monitoring probe has the advantages of scientific design, reasonable structure, reliable performance, wide application range, high stability, strong polarization resistance, and stable quality, and is used for pipeline transportation of various fluid materials such as crude oil, natural gas, running water, urban liquefied gas and the like in the fields such as highways, railways, water transportation, aviation, agriculture and industry and the like.


A hybrid-coupled 4-phase P.I.N. diode modulator can operate at frequencies as high as the upper Ku-band even on 25 mil alumina. Investigated are the theoretical constraints under which hybrid-coupled phase modulators, may be connected in series. It is shown, that large output reflexion coefficients are admissible for the series connection of such modulators. The theoretical results have been verified by measurements, which showed that with an optimized design, a single modulator will accept any load with 20 % reflexion coefficient and produce less than ± 2° phase error without using isolators; even at 50 % load reflexion coefficient it will not produce inadmissible large phase errors. With fast enough switching diodes, the 4-phase modulator will accept bit rates in excess of 200 Mbit/s. Excepting the P.I.N. diode chips, this modulator, including the complete bias networks, is manufactured photolithographically, thus allowing a economical production of the device.


Summary form only given. There has been continued interest over several decades in the possibility that excitons in semiconductors can condense into a macroscopic phase-coherent state in analogy to Bose-Einstein atomic condensates. Such phase coherence is useful-both atomic condensates and superconducting junctions have already been shown to surpass the sensitivity of existing measurements of local gravitational or magnetic fields. Although excitons are bosons, no clear signatures of the condensation have been seen, due to their strong interaction with phonons and screening charges. Confining the excitons in a semiconductor quantum well, and strongly coupling them to surrounding microcavity photons, produces exciton polaritons with new properties unlike either constituent particle. In particular, the dispersion relation of the polaritons is radically altered allowing new dynamics, and forming a trap for the polaritons. By optically exciting the system with a CW near-infra-red laser at a precise angle, a reservoir of high energy polaritons is injected. The new bosonic dynamics of the polaritons efficiently sucks them down into the polariton trap, in which a macroscopic condensate is formed.


Sulfide-based open-framework materials are intriguing compounds. Apart from the fact that they possess a very diverse and therefore interesting structural chemistry, these materials might act as next generation zeolites that combine physical properties typical for semiconductors.1 The first materials obtained with this in mind, which were based on germanium and tin sulfides, were discovered by Bedard et al. in 1989.2 Since then, one successful synthetic approach toward this class of compounds has been to generate inorganic frameworks by selfassembly reactions of molecular building blocks (e.g. [Ge4S10] and [AsS3]) with metal ions (e.g. Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Cu+) at moderate temperatures (room temperature or mild hydro(solvo)thermal conditions) in the presence of organic template ions. The latter are incorporated into the "holes" and thus determine the "porosity" of the resulting frameworks. This approach let the field expand rapidly and compounds such as [Et4N]2Cu2Ge4S10, [Me4N]2MGe4S10 (M ) Mn,4,5 Fe,5,6 Co,5 Zn5), [Me4N]6(Cu0.44Ge0.56S0.73)Ge4S10, [Ph4P]Hg2As4S9, [Me4N]HgAs3S6, [Ph4P]InAs3S7, and [Me4N][Rb]BiAs6S12 were reported. On the other hand, extended structures are also accessible via condensation processes of molecular building blocks with themselves. Several of these "non-functionalized"10 germanium,11 tin,12-19 and antimony sulfides20,21 have been characterized. In contrast, the use of small alkali cations under similar synthetic conditions gives dense structures with extended inorganic frameworks. Examples include KCu2AsS3, KCu4AsS4, MAg2SbS4, and M2AgSbS4 (M ) Rb, K) as well as CsSb2Se4, Rb2Sn2Se5, Cs2Sn3Se7, and Cs4Sn5S12. In preceding papers,8,9 we have demonstrated that the AsS3 ligand is a powerful building block to form extended structures if it is reacted with metal ions (In3+, Bi3+, Hg2+) in the presence of organic templates. Here we report the interesting twodimensional material [Co(en)3]CoSb4S8 (1) which was prepared by heating CoBr2 with Na3SbS3 and ethylenediamine (en) in H2O at 130 °C.29 The green-black compound is insoluble in all common organic solvents. [Co(en)3]CoSb4S8 consists of isolated [Co(en)3] cations and "porous" non-centrosymmetric layers of composition


Severe plastic deformation(SPD)methods have been the subject of intensive investigation for preparing bulk ultrafine-grained materials in recent years. This paper introduces a new severe plastic deformation (SPD) process named as C-TE process which combines the Twist Extrusion with Extrusion against the asymmetric deformation of TE process. and the distribution of effective strain and stress of the sample and the variation of load with time and its influence on the deformation were investigated by computer simulation with Deform-3D software . The results reveal that C-TE process can significantly slow uniform phenomenon,and a sample of homogeneous deformation can be obtained by the improved process.


In this paper, we have analyzed the bifurcation of stagnation points in the non-Newtonian flow of the FENE-P fluid through a channel induced by peristalsis. The stream function for the flow under consideration is developed under negligible inertia and streamline curvature effects. A nonlinear autonomous system is developed for scrutiny of the critical points. A dynamical system approach is used to examine the stability of bifurcation points. Streamline patterns, and local and global bifurcation diagrams are plotted for analysis of the backward flow, trapping, and augmented flow regions. The impacts of important embedded parameters, i.e., extensibility parameter and Deborah number on local and global bifurcation diagrams, are also examined. The whole analysis reveals that two critical conditions appear in the flow field that are actually responsible for the conversion of backward flow to trapping and trapping to augmented flow. It is further seen that bifurcations occur at lower flow rates for increasing Deborah's number while an opposite trend prevails for increasing the extensibility parameter. A comparison of bifurcations between planar and axisymmetric flows is also performed. It is observed that a greater area of the trapping region is encountered for axisymmetric flow than that for planar flow.


Most empirical work in economic growth assumes either a Cobb–Douglas production function expressed in logs or a log-approximated constant elasticity of substitution specification. Estimates from each are likely biased due to logging the model and the latter can also suffer from approximation bias. We illustrate this with a successful replication of Masanjala and Papagerogiou (The Solow model with CES technology: nonlinearities and parameter heterogeneity, Journal of Applied Econometrics 2004; 19: 171–201) and then estimate both models in levels to avoid these biases. Our estimation in levels gives results in line with conventional wisdom.


A kind of automatic calibration pressure transducer (static) device is introduced in this paper.It makes use of computer to control the pressure standard device and multi-path collector.A series of joints is designed to calibrate static characteristics of multiple pressure transducers at a time.


Within the context of globalization it is necessary to investigate not just the possible male perpetrators but also the export-processing zone and the city of Juarez itself. After recounting the story of the murdered women in Juarez as it is being reported by U.S. and British Commonwealth journalists I will place these murders in their socioeconomic and ideological context in order to analyze the gendering of production the gendering of violence and the relationship between the two. The murders of the young women result from a displacement of economic frustration onto the bodies of the women who work in the maquiladoras. The construction of working women as "cheap labor" and disposable within the system makes it possible and perhaps acceptable to kill them with impunity. (excerpt)


The availability of accurate birth statistics by order and duration is a requisite for the application of new fertility measures proposed in the last fifty years, which provide better estimates of the mean number of children women have than the Total Fertility Rate. These alternate measures also allow the calculation of fertility indices by order, which is useful in the light of the recent evolution in most European countries characterized by an increase in childlessness levels. For example the proportion of women childless reaches 18% for younger generations in Spain, and more than 20% in several Central European Countries and other Mediterranean countries like Italy. Working extensively with this kind of data for different countries, we were able to observe that the classification of birth by order is not always accurate, due to the relative complexity of the form or methodological problems at the National Statistical Institutes when applying correction or imputation algorithms. In this work we use population censuses in order to check the series of births and to estimate new national and regional yearly series of births classified by order for Spain, applying a method similar to the so-called 'own-children method'. Using the three most recent Spanish population censuses, we are able to show that there are severe problems in these data, and that around 8% of the births classified at the first order are indeed of higher order. This leads us to obtain new estimates of the childlessness levels in Spain, which are significantly higher than those calculated with the official national statistics.


Owing to the multiscale nature and the consequent high computational cost associated with simulations of flows over rough surfaces, effective models are being developed as a practical means of dealing with such flows. Existing effective models focus primarily on accurately predicting interface velocities using the slip length. Moreover, they are concerned mainly with flat interfaces and do not directly address the drag computation. In this work, we formulate the Transpiration-Resistance model in polar coordinates and address the challenge of computing drag components on rough surfaces. Like the slip length, we introduce two constitutive parameters called shear and pressure correction factors that encompass information about how the total drag is partitioned into viscous and pressure components. Computation of these non-empirical parameters does not necessitate solving additional microscale problems; they can be obtained from the same microscale problem used for the slip-length calculation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed parameters for the Couette flow over rough surfaces. Moreover, using the flow over a rough cylinder as an example, we present the accuracy of predicting interface velocity and drag components by comparing the effective model results with those obtained from geometry-resolved simulations. Numerical simulations presented in this paper prove that we can accurately capture both viscous and pressure drag over rough surfaces for flat- and circular-interface problems by using the proposed constitutive parameters.


Address for Correspondence: Prabavathi P. Assistant Professor, Department Of Anatomy, Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College, Salem -636030, Tamilnadu, India. E-Mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Introduction: The Sternalis muscle (Rectus Sternalis muscle) is an uncommon variant of the human anterior thoracic wall musculature. Aim: A cadaveric study was conducted to report the incidence and morphological features of sternalis muscle. The rare occurrence of rectus sternalis might be very informative and helpful in various clinical and academic fields. Materials and Methods: The present study was undertaken in 32 formalin fixed adult human cadavers in the department of anatomy to find out the incidence of sternalis muscle. Conclusion: The incidence of rectus sternalis in the present study was estimated as 3.2 %. Although a rare muscular variation, because of its resemblance to a soft tissue mass on radiological evaluation, it gained popularity among Anatomists, Radiologists and Surgeons. Hence its presence causes implication during mastectomy, implant reconstruction surgeries of mammary gland and modifying the approach during mammoplasty.


Theological libraries like Bridwell continue to benefit from both natural resources and the environment, while needing to adapt to the harshness of what nature itself brings.  A holistic vision, distilled in the particular climates, topographies, and physical geographies of Texas, for example, reflects both the concerns and hopes about the general stewardship and sustainability of natural resources in our work.  Reflecting on historical legacies will benefit our attempts to envision a better future and healthier planet. In the last few years, the focus on environmental sustainability has grown along with more critical roles in renewable energy. As theological institutions, then, it will become more pressing to evaluate both questions about what our ties are to the past, and what visions there are for the future. This paper will examine the ambiguities of environmental legacies while discussing what roles theological schools and libraries have in strategizing for coming generations.


We present a method to generate a spatially varying lattice of polarization singularities. The periodicity and orientation of the lattice can be varied spatially by engineering phase and polarization gradients in the interfering beams. A spatial light modulator and an S-wave plate are used to control the phase and polarization gradients, respectively, in the interfering beams. A filter in the Fourier space selects the required spatial frequency components of the interfering beams. Experimentally realized lattices are presented. These spatially varying lattices may find applications in polarization dependent structured illumination, particle sorting, and optical trapping.


Phenotypic and molecular characterization, and influence of culture media, on the growth and light emission of bacteria from the coast of Havana, Cuba. Introduction: The light-emitting enzyme complex of luminescent bacteria is a powerful biochemical tool, with a wide variety of applications including environmental quality monitoring. Objectives: To identify taxonomically two luminescent bacteria from Cuban shelf waters, as well as select the culture media that favor their growth and luminescence. Methods: The taxonomic location of the luminescent bacteria was carried out using traditional and molecular methods. Four culture media (LM, Boss, Chalk, ZoBell) were evaluated as a function of specific growth rate (μ) and luminescence, using a Genesys 10UV spectrophotometer and a Shimadzu RF-5301pc spectrofluorometer, respectively. Results: Biochemical and physiological characterization of CBM-976 and CBM-992 isolates showed similarities with Vibrio harveyi species. Phylogenetic positioning analysis confirmed a high correspondence with V. harveyi strains isolated from aquatic environments, using partial sequences of 16S rRNA, gyrB and pyrH genes. LM and ZoBell culture media were selected for having a high specific growth rate of CBM-976 and CBM-992 strains, as well as for showing high luminescence values. The results will allow deepening the physiological characterization and are the starting point for the development of contaminant detection methods. Conclusions: The rational combination of physiological and biochemical characteristics, as well as the molecular approach, contributed to determine the taxonomic position of CBM-976 and CBM-992 strains isolated from Cuban marine waters as Vibrio harveyi. Furthermore, LM and ZoBell culture media were selected as the most suitable for growth and luminescence emission for both strains.


Construction of the new socialist countryside should persist in keeping the main status of peasants to ensure People-Oriented;developing agricultural production to take economic construction as the centre;the way of vitalizing village through Technology and Education to cultivate new peasants;principles of managing village through democracy to realize scientific management;constructing Rural Infrastructure with Local Conditions to realize Humanity Harmonious.


How planetariums educate young people effectively about the wonders of the universe? Traditional way has led teachers and students to present themselves at the planetariums that provide astronomy related exhibitions, full dome star fields and astronomical shows, as well as special informal educational programs. Their experiences at planetariums are expected to be delivered back to the classroom upon returning school. Starlab is a portable version of mini planetarium that allows astronomy experiences to be taken to the distant or rural areas especially to those underserved teachers and students who could not afford to tolerate the travel expenses to visit planetariums. The Starlab plays a significant role in astronomy and space science education. It serves as an introduction to systematic study of the sky and thus to study science as a whole. For this reason, Planetarium Negara is planning to rent out the existing Starlab for expanding its usage at schools level and to enrich current school lessons at least in astronomical content. This paper describes the use of the Starlab as an astronomy teaching tool in schools.


Disturbances of the macular choriocapillary circulation may be more common than usually recognized. Thirty-five (20%) of 176 eyes that underwent scanning laser ophthalmoscope fluorescein videoangiography over a 2-year period in a university-based ophthalmology referral practice were found to have a macular choriocapillary circulation disturbance. In 30 of these eyes, macular choriocapillary filling times were markedly prolonged at 6 to 23 seconds (normal, 1.96 ± 1.22 seconds). The other five eyes had incomplete macular choriocapillary filling throughout the entire videoangiogram. Ocular findings included vision of less than 20/60 (51%), Amsler grid changes (76%), ophthalmoscopic abnormalities (89%), and other fluorescein angiographic changes (71%). In most (94%) of these eyes, the disturbances in the macular choriocapillary circulation appeared to be secondary to other ocular or systemic diseases or to previous treatment. Two eyes (6%) with idiopathic visual loss had a primary disturbance of the macular choriocapillary circulation.


Spices - recent advances (D.A. Moyler). Spices and their extracts: Utilisation selection, quality control and new developments (J.P. Marion et al). Analysis of natural flavourings: Problems and actual methods (F. Tateo et al). Food ingredient safety evaluation (R.S. McCaleb). Carlton dioxide extraction of essential oils (D.A. Moyler et al). Extraction and fractionation of essential oils with liquid carbon dioxide (M.A. de A. Meireles, Z.L. Nikolov). Potential synergies among phytochemical constituents of spices (J.A. Duke, S. Beckstrom-Sternberg). Biologically active compounds in important spices (J.A. Duke). Antioxidant and antimicrobial constituents of herbs and spices (N. Nakatani). Antioxidant activity of essential oils from the plants of the Lamiaceae family (M. Tsimidou, D. Boskou). Herbs and spices indigenous to Turkey (W. Wetherilt, M. Pala). Garlic: A matter for the heart (M.K. Jain, R. Apitz-Castro). Studies of plants in the Umbelliferae family: II. GC/MS analysis of celery seed essential oils (G. Vernin, C. Parkanyi). Chiles: History, cultivation, and uses (P.W. Bosland). HPLC-CLND application to quantitate nitrogen containing capsaicin compounds in red hot peppers (E.M. Fujinari). Paprika chemistry and its relationship to spice quality (C. Wilkins). GC/MSs analysis of cinnamon and cassia essential oils: A comparative study (G. Vernin et al.). Egyptian basil (N.A. Shaath, N.R. Azzo). Oregano: Botany chemistry, and cultivation (A.O. Tucker, M.J. Maciaarello). Studies of plants in the Umbellifereae family. GC/MS analysis of parsley leaf essential oils from Hungary and France: Closely related diterpenes from Petroselium crispum (Mill.) Nym. (G. Vernin et al.). Pharmacological properties and medicinal use of pepper (Piper nigrum L.) (R.I-San Lin). GC/MS analysis of clove essential oils (G. Vernin et al.). GC-MS-SPECMA bank analysis of Thymus serpylum praecox (Opiz) Wollm (wild thyme) from Hautes Alpes (France) (G. Vernin et al.). Vanilla - cultivation, curing, chemistry, technology and commercial products (A.S. Ranadive). Ginger oil (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) (G. Vernin, C. Parkanyi). File and the essential oils of the leaves, twigs and commercial root teas of Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees (Lauraceae) (A.0. Tucker et al). Mass spectra of some natural and synthetic flavour and fragrance compounds (A.0. Tucker, M.J. Maciarello). Aroma and flavour components of cultivated mushrooms (J. Mau et al). Shiitake and other edible mushrooms cultivated in Japan: Production, biology and breeding (A. Tsuneda). Truffles and truffle volatiles (M.J. Maciarello, A.O. Tucker). "Acceptable" levels of flavouring ingredients (J.A. Duke, S.M. Beckstrom-Sternberg). Subject index.


Judith Maltby, Prayer Book and People in Elizabethan and Early Stuart England, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1998, pp. xii + 310, hb. £40 ($64.95), ISBN: 0521453135In this careful study, a revised Cambridge thesis, Judith Maltby seeks to recover a neglected subject, the tradition of commitment to the patterns of worship laid out in the Book of Common Prayer among the laity of the Church of England during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Neglected because, as she observes, historians have so often been attracted to nonconformist or popular (extra-Christian) practices or because they accept the judgment of the godly that those who conformed and based their worship on the Book of Common Prayer were not serious Christians. Maltby herself is no exclusionist. In keeping with arguments made by Patrick Collinson, among others, she agrees that many of the godly should be considered legitimate members of the Church. Nor does she wish to claim that the official church enjoyed a rousing success. According to her calculations no more than fifty percentage of the laity manifested the commitment she seeks to reclaim. Even in arriving at this figure she is quite aware of the difficulties that impede the assessing of sincerity or commitment, among them the possibility that some who conformed, the so-called Church papists Alexandra Walsham has studied, did so because of their lingering affection for Catholicism. These constraints are part of the price exacted by the revisionism that has placed in question the reach and dynamics of the English Reformation. Yet Maltby is emphatic in two respects: she regards Eamon Duffys portrait of the pre-Reformation church as far too biased against what came afterwards, and she insists that by the late sixteenth century a Protestantism of the Prayer Book had established itself among a measurably significant fraction of the laity, the sincere conformists (p. 19) whose appreciation of the Prayer Book she herself shares.In demonstrating the presence of this group Maltby relies on complaints made to ecclesiastical courts in Lincoln and the diocese of Cheshire by persons who disliked nonconformity and on a set of some thirty petitions dispatched from various parts of England to Parliament between 1640 and 1642 accepting the need for reform but asking that the government conserve that Order and Form of Divine Service, which hath happily continued among us, ever since the Reformation of Religion. The complaints to which she calls attention are those directed by lay people against ineffective or nonconforming clergy. Maltby has usefully grouped these complaints around the different aspects of worship or liturgy: sacraments, funerals, catechizing, preaching. In the succeeding chapter she maps the rhetoric of conformity that is, the arguments advanced in the petitions of 164042 and convincingly demonstrates that the petitioners were not Laudians. …


The invention belongs to the field of road construction quality control, and provides a remote real-time monitoring method integrating temperature measurement, thickness measurement and GPS positioning on the basis of network environment, so as to realize digitalized management of construction process information and improve the construction quality of the asphalt pavement. Therefore, according to the technical scheme, the real-time monitoring method for pavement thickness and construction temperature of the asphalt pavement comprises the following steps: monitoring a new construction storehouse surface arranged on a client by virtue of a computer; setting the control standards of the pavement thickness and the construction temperature of the asphalt pavement, and setting the ID number of a handheld highway pavement asphalt pavement thickness and temperature measurement device corresponding to the storehouse surface; collecting the position coordinate of a measure point, the current detection time, and the pavement thickness, the construction temperature and the type of the measure point by virtue of the handheld highway pavement asphalt pavement thickness and temperature measurement device. The real-time monitoring method is mainly applied to the road construction quality control.


Aiming at the problems that the coolant temperature control by temperature control instrument has a large overshoot and stable state error while compressor performance test through the second fluid calorimeter method,an electronic expansion valve control system which can be carried out exploratory experiment was developed.Electromagnetic type electronic expansion valve instead of the thermal expansion valve was used to give a high-precision control.Temperature and pressure of multiple state points in the system were real-time collected to realize the temperature intelligent control of the calorimeter in the refrigeration system.After the elaboration of the system's working principle,the measurement and control model were established.The temperature and pressure alarm mechanism were taken to realize the stable operation of the system.The supporting software by using the object-oriented design method was developed,on the.Net development platform,the integral separation PID controls module was especially designed.Multiple control experiments were taken and compared with other control method.The results indicate that using an electronic expansion valve as a control actuator is advantageous to reduce the overshoot and keep stability.


Black holes attract gaseous material from the surrounding environment. Cosmic plasma is largely ionized and magnetized because of electric currents flowing in the highly conductive environment near black holes; the process of accretion then carries the magnetic flux onto the event horizon, r ' R+. On the other hand, magnetic pressure acts against accretion. It can not only arrest the inflow but it can even push the plasma away from the black hole if the magnetic repulsion prevails. The black hole does not hold the magnetic field by itself. In this contribution we show an example of an equatorial outflow driven by a large scale magnetic field. We initiate our computations with a spherically symmetric distribution of gas, which flows onto the domain from a large distance, r R+. After the flow settles in a steady (Bondi) solution, we impose an axially symmetric configuration of a uniform (Wald) magnetic field aligned with the rotation axis of the black hole. Then we evolve the initial configuration numerically by employing the MHD code that approaches the force-free limit of a perfectly conducting fluid. We observe how the magnetic lines of force start accreting with the plasma while an equatorial intermittent outflow develops and goes on ejecting some material away from the black hole.


Administration of alloxan to rats which developed hypothalamic adiposity damaged the pancreatic beta-cells and reduced the insulin secretion, thus arresting further weight gain despite some excess in food ingestion. A conclusion was drawn that in injury of the ventro-medial nuclei of the hypothalamus the most significant mechanism of obesity development was insulin hypersecretion induced by this action.


The invention relates to pellet-shaped bait fodder for carp, grass carp and black carp and a preparation method thereof. The pellet-shaped bait fodder comprises pellet cores, and the preparation method comprises the steps that syrup is sprayed on the surface of each pellet core, and syrup layers are formed; the surface of each syrup layer is wrapped with dried fly maggots; the pellet cores are made of fly maggot powder, snail meat powder, sweet potato powder, potato flaky powder and soybean protein powder; the raw materials are subjected to pellet making, screening, curing, syrup spraying, dried fly maggot wrapping, sieving, drying, cooling and packaging, and the fodder is obtained. The bait fodder is of a multi-layer material structure, so that the interior of each product is provided with multiple waterflow-resistant protective barriers, the fodder can reach the state of underwater release after being placed into water, the fodder spends a longer time in sinking to the bottom, the bait fodder has good luring performance for the carp, the grass carp and the black carp, the effect of combing the luring and fishing can be achieved, meanwhile, as all the fabrication raw materials are natural materials, the materials are quite environment friendly in the using process, and the water body is not destroyed.


IntroductionIn Ecuador, preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. In order to identify the risk in this population in a timely manner, in 2017 the MAMÁ Score was developed, which allows to activate obstetric emergency keys and thus provide a systematized and timely care. The objective of this study was to validate the MAMÁ and MACAS score in patients in the Amazon region of Ecuador.Materials and methodsA retrospective and analytical cohort study was conducted, they were eligible to participate in the pregnant study attended by the Ginecology and Obstetrics Service of the MacAS General Hospital in the period: January 2018 to December 2019. The MAMÁ and MACAS scores were applied to all participants. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software. Sensitivity values, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for each obstetric key were calculated. Adjusted logistic regression analysis for confusing variables made it possible to identify the score with better diagnostic performance.Results1259 pregnant women were evaluated an average age of 24.93 years, average BMM of 27.61 Kg/m2, mean systolic and diastolic pressure values were 111.19 mmHg and 70.22 mmHg respectively. 101 obstetric keys were activated, where 46 were categorized as Blue Key, 14 as Yellow Key, and 41 Red Key. Logistic regressions identified that an score MAMÁ by about 3 points increased by 18 times the probability of requiring obstetric key activation, while with the MACAS score the same score increased by 20 times the probability of activating the obstetric keys.Conclusions Both scores are suitable for the recognition of pregnant women with obstetric risk, the MACAS score presented a better specificity, with respect to obstetric keys. These results should be validated in larger cohorts and prospectively with the aim of establishing the best score in patient subgroups.


We present systematic experimental studies of the temperature dependence of continuous wave and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy in self-assembled InAs/GaAs nanostructures as the shape of quantum structures evolved from dot to ring. The carrier dynamics show strong dependence on the geometrical shape of the nanostructures under investigation. An increase in photoluminescence decay time of the excited and ground states is observed as the shape of nanostructures changed from dot, volcano, to ring. It is attributed to the carrier thermalization between the dark and ground states. The photoluminescence excitation spectra of the quantum rings reveal resonances related to the dark states. A rate equation model is proposed to interpret the observed carrier dynamics.


Mercury has been recognized as a nephrotoxic agent for several centuries. The fact that renal disorder could be produced by mercurial salts used in the treatment of syphilis has been known since the i6th century.' Overbeck, in 1860,2 regarded the presence of protein in the urine during the course of treatment with mercurial substance to be due to a "simple catarrh of the kidney." In the same year Taylor3 reported the case of the woman who had been acquitted by English courts of murdering her husband with white precipitate (79 per cent mercury); the consensus of medical opinion at that time held that mercury was not a poison. To dispute this, Pavy4 investigated the effect of orally administered white precipitate on dogs, rabbits and mice; he found gross renal alterations consisting of enlarged, roughly speckled kidneys with marked striation of the cortex. Moore, Goldstein and Canowitz, in I929,5 emined the mitochondria of renal tubular epithelium following mercury administration histologically and found that definite degenerative changes occurred in the cytoplasm and nucleus before any qualitative alterations occurred in the mitochondria. Therefore, they suggested that mercury bichloride produced nephrosis by adsorption on the surface of mitochondria, "poisoning" the interface and later kiling the cell. Oliver, in 1932,6 also noted mitochondrial agglutdnation. Oliver, MacDowell and Tracy, in 95I,7 studied kidneys in mercury bichloride poisoning and found focal lesions in the proximal convoluted tubules. This they termed nephrotoxic nephrosis and attributed the lesion to the direct toxicity of mercury on tubular epithelium. Other investigators, in recent times, have localized


Mr.Li Youxing is a famous color educator,who is the second grade professor of the state,the founder of Sichuan Fine Arts Academy and the first president.He pioneered a unique teaching system of color art which enjoyed high popularity around the domestic arts institutions in the 1960s-1980s,who gained the praise known as "North Lei Guiyuan,South Li Youxing."He intergrated the rich experience of painting arts which was studied in France in his early abroad career with traditional Chinese painting arts,creating the famous Li's color teaching system as the goal for training designers,which was a perfect training program from learning Graphic Arts to Sketches to Summing Nature Painting.In the applicationdesign disciplines,he formulated a set of methods naming Design Color effectively to cultivate designers design color,namely a dual identity as an artist and designers of the training objectives.


The conformational behaviour of 10-X-substituted 1,4-dioxa-and 1,4,6-trioxaspiro[4.5]decanes 1 – 4 has been studied by 13C-, 19F- and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Two X-ray analyses (of 2a,e) are presented, and their implications to cleavage reactions of chiral acetals are discussed. Participation of twist boat forms in the conformeric equilibrium of at least 1c has been made plausible by observing 13C,19F-NMR coupling constants. The ratios of axial to equatorial conformer in 1 – 4 have been calculated by molecular mechanics.


Edge‐driven convection (EDC) forms in the upper mantle at locations of lithosphere thickness gradients, e.g., craton edges. In this study we show how the traditional style of EDC, a convection cell governed by the cold downwelling below an edge alternates with another style of EDC, in which the convection cell forms as a secondary feature with a hot asthenospheric shear flow from underneath the thicker lithosphere. These alternating EDC styles produce episodic lithosphere erosion and decompression melting. Three‐dimensional models of EDC show that convection rolls form perpendicular to the thickness gradient at the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary. Stagnant‐lid convection scaling laws are used to gain further insight in the underlying physical processes. Application of our models to the Moroccan Atlas mountains region shows that the combination of these two styles of EDC can reproduce many of the observations from the Atlas mountains, including two distinct periods of Cenozoic volcanism, a semicontinuous corridor of thinned lithosphere under the Atlas mountains, and piecewise delamination of the lithosphere. A very good match between observations and numerical models is found for the lithosphere thicknesses across the study area, amounts of melts produced, and the length of the quiet gap in between volcanic episodes show quantitative match to observations.


Sir, Increasing interest has been shown in the incidence of types ofchromosomal aberrations in different populations and racial groups. The incidence of the autosomal trisomies 13 and 18 has been estimated in Canadian (Conen and Erkman, 1966a and b) and British (Taylor, 1968) births, and more recently in Chinese infants (Fu Chi Yu et al, 1970; Emanuel, 1970) in Taiwan. Although these conditions have been described in African children (Cornu, Lintermans, and Eeckels, 1968) no incidence has yet been estimated. An attempt to estimate the incidence in Jamaican births has recently been made in a paper in the West Indian Medical Journal (Thorburn, 1970). During a 4-year period there were 12,500 births at the University Hospital of the West Indies during which time one case of 13 trisomy and two cases of 18 trisomy were detected. As the deliveries in this hospital are selected for abnormal obstetrical history and high multiparity this incidence may be artificially high. The combined incidence for this hospital and the Victoria Jubilee Hospital, where identification may be incomplete, was 4 cases of 13 and 8 cases of 18 in 69,000 births over 4 years, or 0-06 and 012 per 1000 respectively. All but two patients who died before studies could be performed were confirmed to have trisomy by chromosome studies. All cases except one case of 18 trisomy, were ofNegro or mixed Negro and Caucasian race. The racial make up of the birth population under consideration is overwhelmingly of Negro or mixed extraction. Two-thirds of the babies were born between November and February. This does not coincide with either the peak birth season which is around September nor with any particular climatic event at conception. This confirms the seasonal clustering effect found in the Canadian and British series. Yours, etc,


Our knowledge of the mechanism of lymphocyte activation and proliferation by interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2-R) has expanded rapidly since the cloning of the genes for IL-2 (Taniguchi et al. 1983) and IL-2-R (Nikaido et al. 1984, Leonard et al. 1984, Cosman et al. 1984). The IL-2/IL-2-R system of the lymphocytes is now one of the most attractive and suitable systems in eukaryotic cells to study the growth regulation in the field of molecular and ceil biologies. Since the original description of IL-2 as a T-cel! growth factor (TCGF) (Morgan et al. 1976, Smith 1980), the system of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and its specific receptor (IL-2 receptor) (Robb et al. 1981) has initially been studied mainly on T-cells. Recent expansion of knowledge in this growth factor system, however, disclosed that the expression of IL-2-R is not confined to T-cells. The receptor can be expressed on non-T cells., including B-ceils (Korsmeyer et al. 1983. Tsudo et al. 1985), large granular lymphocytes (LGL)/natural killer (NK) cells (Minato et al. 1985, Yodoi et al. 1985a) and even in non-lymphoid cells (Yamamoto et al. 1986). Thus the biology of IL-2-R appears to be fundamentally important for the study of a variety of immunocompetent cells in the hematopoietie system. Furthermore, the abnormal expression of the IL-2-R on HTLV-I( + ) T-cel! lines established from Adult T-cell Leukemia (ATL) (Hattori et al. 1981, Tsudo et al. 1983, Yodoi et al. 1984a, Maeda et al. 1985, Uchiyama et al. 1985, Depper et al. 1984) strongly suggests that the dysfunction of this receptor is involved in the leukemogenesis of T-cells (Yodoi et al. 1983) as well as a variety of immunohematological disorders. In the early 7O's, the first case of ATL was presented at Kyoto University Hospital in Japan (Yodoi et al. 1984a). During a survey of chronic leukemia patients, using rabbit anti-human thymocyte antibodies, we found that the leuke-


High power density, high efficiency, and high voltage conversion ratio (VCR) DC-DC converters are in great demand for portable devices and autonomous robots. The double-step-down (DSD) converter and its variants are promising solutions for their reduced voltage stress on the power transistors, extended duty-cycle (D), and higher equivalent switching frequency [1–4]. However, all these topologies suffer from the trade-off between efficiency and current density, since all the output current $I_{0}$ flows through the power inductors, we have to either use bulky inductors for high efficiency or use small inductors for high current density. To deal with this, [5] proposed an always-dual-path (ADP) hybrid converter that can reduce the inductor current $I_{\mathrm{L}}$ to $0.5I_{0}$, but at the cost of a larger inductor current ripple $\Delta I_{\mathrm{L}}$' Besides, [6] proposed a hybrid switched-capacitor (SC)-parallel-inductor (CPL) buck converter that reduces $I_{\mathrm{L}}$ without enlarging $\Delta I_{\mathrm{L}}$, achieving high efficiency and high current density simultaneously. Nevertheless, such CPL-Buck converter only deals with a 1-cell battery input, and is not suitable for high VCR conversion, e.g., 12V-to-1V. Because its inductor current reduction effect highly depends on D, and thus its benefits drop heavily at a high VCR. In this work, we propose a hybrid resonant SC parallel inductor (ReSC-PL) buck converter that can always effectively reduce $I_{\mathrm{L}}$ to below $0.5 I_{0}\sim 0.67I_{0}$ for high VCRs ranging from 10 to 20. $I_{\mathrm{L}}$


Heat receiver is one of the key parts of the SDPS.It absorbs the solar flux and stores thermal energy.Since the surface temperatures of canisters are different,the reradiation in cavity will change the flux distribution on the tube outer surfaces,and the thermal emittance of the canister outer surfaces will affect heat receiver thermal performance significantly.The heat receiver cavity radiation mathematical model and the gas tube heat model were used for two values of surface thermal emittance to calculate heat loss,energy absorbed by gas,tube maximum temperature,gas exit temperature and liquid PCM fraction.The results obtained for these two values of emittance were compared and analysed between two surface thermal emittances.It is shown that higher surface thermal emittance is very important to improve the heat receiver thermal performance.


This paper examines the use of deep recurrent neural networks to classify traffic patterns in smart cities. We propose a novel approach to traffic pattern classification based on deep recurrent neural networks, which can effectively capture traffic patterns' dynamic and sequential features. The proposed model combines convolutional and recurrent layers to extract features from traffic pattern data and a SoftMax layer to classify traffic patterns. Experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms existing methods regarding accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth analysis of the results and discuss the implications of the proposed model for smart cities. The results show that the proposed model can accurately classify traffic patterns in smart cities with a precision of as high as 95%. The proposed model is evaluated on a real-world traffic pattern dataset and compared with existing classification methods.


Helicobacter pylori is a human pathogen and can lead to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. H. pylori infection is associated with gastric cancer and has been categorized as a group I carcinogen in gastric cancer. In 2016, Maastricht V/Florence Consensus report emphasized H. pylori infection as an infectious disease and reinforced the statement that H. pylori eradication can cure gastritis and alter the progression to long-term complications, or recurrence of disease. Thus, screening and eradication for H. pylori is recommended in individuals at increased risk for gastric cancer. Although H. pylori eradication after gastric cancer surgery is also recommended, it was not clear that eradication therapy could reduce the risk of metachronous gastric cancer in the remnant stomach after partial gastrectomy. A recent prospective randomized clinical trial in Korea reported that gastric cancer recurrence rate was not different according to H. pylori eradication treatment (5-year gastric cancer recurrence rates, 4.6% in the treatment group vs 8.5% in the placebo group; p=0.652). In this kind of study, it is necessary to be able to control or eliminate influences by the timing of eradication, intragastric environmental change due to gastrectomy and spontaneous regression of H. pylori infection in order to confirm the effectiveness of the eradication treatment. There are a several things to consider when deciding to treat. The first is the time of eradication. Postoperative eradication therapy is preferred to preoperative eradication therapy because of several reasons in clinics. Additional 1 or 2 weeks is needed for the eradication therapy before surgery. Adverse events associated with antibiotics may occur and delay the surgery. In cases with unplanned total gastrectomy, eradication therapy would not be unnecessary. The second is that even if eradication was not tried, H. pylori can spontaneously disappear. In general, H. pylori infection persists if not eradicated, whereas the spontaneous regression is happened in the remnant stomach. The overall spontaneous clearance rate of H. pylori infection after partial gastrectomy was reported 38.6% to 43%. Previous study reported that the spontaneous clearance rate of H. pylori was related to operative procedures. The Billroth-II procedure had a higher bile reflux rate and a lower H. pylori infection prevalence than the Billroth-I procedure. Bile reflux is a pathogenic factor in gastric remnant reflux gastritis and induces chronic histological inflammation. Third, if you decide to treat, we have to decide to re-test postoperative status of H. pylori. It was assumed that the change of pH and bile reflux in the remnant stomach might affect H. pylori colonization. Hypochlorhydric environment caused by antrectomy and increased bile reflux due to the loss of pyloric ring might inhibit the growth of H. pylori. And rate of H. pylori infection decreased over time after partial gastrectomy. A study in Taiwan reported the prevalence of H. pylori 1 to 15 years after surgery was 29.5%, after 16 to 30 years it was 13.6%, and after more than 30 years it was 10%. However, studies on how H. pylori infections change after gastrectomy are still lacking. The article published in Gut and Liver, "Dynamic changes in Helicobacter pylori status following gastric cancer surgery" by Yoon et al. started from a question for clinicians about the need for retest postoperative H. pylori status. In this study, they


The visibilities of second-order (single-photon) and fourth-order (two-photon) interference have been observed in a Young's double-slit experiment using light generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion. As the effective source size is increased, coherence is diminished while entanglement is enhanced. This is the first experimental demonstration of this complementarity in the spatial domain.


Alexander Rui Pfaff Mayer v Abstract Metallization and contacting processes have a significant impact on the total manufacturing cost of the high-efficiency solar cells. The metallization of silicon crystalline back-contact solar cells is difficult and still a major issue from the industrial point of view. The core of the current thesis introduces the development of a device, designed to realize and evaluate the potential of a new rear side metallization concept for backcontact cells. Here, the formation of the electrode pattern is based on contacting and structuring a metal foil through a laser processing scheme. In order to ensure a good metallic contact, the developed device shall first assure a safe foil fixing and later an appropriate handling for structuring the metal foil in order to make selective metallic contacts. Meanwhile, the major technological challenges faced during the device development are identified and assessed. Finally this device has been developed and tested at the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE in Freiburg, Germany An overall conclusion of the experimental findings has been made and an outlook for further investigations required in this field has been proposed at the end of this document.


Introduction: In Japan, poor general condition related with old age and complications may affect the prognosis of patients with tuberculosis (TB). Though spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) is known as a complication of pulmonary TB, few reports on this topic have been available. Aims: To evaluate clinical features of SP in patients with TB. Materials and Methods: Based on medical records, we diagnosed 81 patients with SP out of the 2384 patients at our TB-referral hospital from 2011 to 2016, analyzed clinical features and compared with randomly selected 81 patients without SP. Results: The patients with SP demonstrated significantly higher age (73y, range 30-91 y vs 69y, range 19-94 y, P=0.0128), more male patients (n=68, 83.9% vs n=51, 62.9%, P=0.0025), higher positive rate of acid-fast bacilli in sputum smear, (n=75, 92.6% vs n=59, 72.8%, P=0.0009), more cavitation (n=54, 66.7% vs n=32, 39.5%, P=0.0005) and higher mortality rate (37% vs 14%), compared with the patients without SP. Thirty-nine patients with SP (48.1%) required chest-tube insertion, including 26 patients (66.7%) with successful chest-tube drainage and 13 unsuccessful and deceased patients. Conclusion: These results suggested that the patients with SP were associated with severe TB and had poor prognosis.


With the vigorous development of the plan of high-way information in the world,every country in the world has considered or is considering actively the construction of e-government,that is to say,the construction of e-government has become the first application realm of high-way information.Therefore,no matter how the general application or high-level application of e-governmnet is,it will bring about profound change of goverment management in pattern and make the government management,enter into the era of modernization.


Different types of exercises performed at the right intensity and durations have positive effects on cardiovascular capacity and a number of other systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance exercise on lung function and quality of life in young adults. Twenty male (18-25 age) volunteers were divided into two groups: 8 people doing resistance training group (RTG) and the other 8 as control group (COG). Exercise group performed resistant exercises for whole muscle groups starting with 70 per cent of one repetition maximum (RM), 3 sets of 10 repetitions, and three times per week for 2 to 3 months. Before and after the training program, the respiratory and Cardio Pulmonary Exercise Test (CPET) parameters were measured [Vmax, Encore (USA)] and quality of life was determined by Short Form-36 questionnaire (SF-36). The level of significance was accepted as p<0.05. There was a significant difference between RTG and COG groups in pre-exercise tests between f (p=0.02) and FVC (p=0.03) values. A positive significant change was found in endurance time (p= 0,02), V E maks (l/dk) (p= 0,01), end tidal O 2 pressure (P ET O 2 ) (p= 0,03) ve end tidal CO 2 pressure (P ET CO 2 ) (p= 0,04) values before and after training in RTG. A significant change was observed only in f value in COG. In SF-36, there was a significant difference in DAG energy/vitality (p = 0.04) and general health perception (p = 0.01) sub-dimensions after training. As a result; this type of resistance exercise was found to have minimal effect on respiratory functions and aerobic capacity in young adults. Positive effect on quality of life was observed. Aerobic capacity can also be expected to improve if the training program is maintained longer and the negative elements (illness, insomnia, etc.) encountered occasionally.


1. Hewett TE, Di Stasi SL, Myer GD. Current concepts for injury prevention in athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med. 2013;41(1):216-224. 2. King E, Richter C, Daniels KAJ, et al. Biomechanical but not strength or performance measures differentiate male athletes who experience ACL reinjury on return to level 1 sports. Am J Sports Med. 2021;49(4):918-927. 3. King E, Richter C, Daniels KAJ, et al. Can biomechanical testing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction identify athletes at risk for subsequent ACL injury to the contralateral uninjured limb? Am J Sports Med. 2021;49(3):609-619. 4. King E, Richter C, Jackson M, et al. Factors influencing return to play and second anterior cruciate ligament injury rates in level 1 athletes after primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: 2-year followup on 1432 reconstructions at a single center. Am J Sports Med. 2020;48(4):812-824.


Contour-clamped homogeneous electric field gel electrophoresis was used to establish electrophoretic karyotype for 10 species of Fusarium sections Sporotrichiella, Liseola, Gibbosum, Discolor and Martiella. Intact chromosomal DNA was isolated from fungal protoplast and separated under various conditions according to their size in order to improve DNA separation. The numbers of chromosome-sized DNA molecules for individual species ranged from 5-13, with individual chromosomes ranging from 0.78 Mb to 7.20 Mb in size. The total genome DNA size of each species was estimated at about 18.32 Mb to 48.20 Mb. Comparison of karyotype profiles following Southern hybridization analysis with a randomly selected genomic probe of F. oxysporum formae speciales litii was carried out.


Preparation and investigation of the resistant starch-soluble dietary fiber conjugates are very important, considering the different and meaningful physiological properties of resistant starch and soluble dietary fiber. In this study, the different starch-soluble dietary fiber conjugates were obtained by crosslinking using sodium trimetaphosphate, under the different treatments of conventional heat moisture and microwave heat moisture. The starch-soluble dietary fiber conjugates prepared under the treatment of conventional heat moisture almost completely resisted the hydrolysis of the amylolytic enzymes. However, the hydrolysis of the starch-soluble dietary fiber conjugates treated by microwave heat moisture was obvious. In the treatment of conventional heat moisture, soluble dietary fiber was combined into outer layer of the overall starch granule by the linking with 2-, 3-, or 6-OH of glucose in the amorphous region. This combination showed a large protective effect on the resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis of the whole starch granules. Whereas, in the treatment of microwave heat moisture, soluble dietary fiber was linked into the amorphous part of starch blocks derived from destructive starch granule, resulting in the conjugates with high homogeneity. Therefore, the as-prepared resistant starch-soluble dietary fiber conjugates under the treatment of conventional heat moisture have a potential to be used as new dietary supplement in the food industry.


A shock wave is a typical aerodynamic phenomenon in a supersonic flow, and if controlled effectively, a series of potential applications can be achieved in aerospace fields, such as reducing wave drag and sonic boom of the supersonic vehicle, optimizing shock waves of the supersonic inlet in off-design operation states, decreasing pressure loss induced by shock waves in the supersonic wind tunnel or aeroengine internal duct, controlling shock waves of the wave rider, changing shock wave symmetry to achieve flight control and inducing shock waves in the aeroengine nozzle to achieve thrust vector control. Shock wave control can be achieved by many mechanical or gas dynamic methods, such as the ramp angle control in supersonic inlet and the holl/cavum control in self-adapted transonic wing. Because the structural configurations of these methods are somewhat complex and the flow control response is also slow, plasma flow control based on gas discharge physics and electromagnetohydrodynamics (EMHD) theory has been developed recently in the shock wave control field. Using this method, substantial thermal energy can be added in the shock wave adjacent areas, then the angle and intensity of shock wave change subsequently. Meyer et al investigated whether shock wave control by plasma aerodynamic actuation is a thermal mechanism or an ionization mechanism, and the experimental results demonstrated that the thermal mechanism dominates the shock wave control process [1, 2]. Miles et al investigated the shock wave control by laser energy addition experimentally and numerically, and the research results showed that when the oblique shock wave passed by the thermal spot induced by laser ionization, the shock wave shape distorted and the shock wave intensity reduced [3]. Macheret et al proposed a new method of virtual cowl induced by plasma flow control which can optimize the shock waves of supersonic inlet when its operation Mach number is lower than the design Mach number [4]. Meanwhile, they used the combination method of e-beam ionization and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow control to optimize the shock waves of supersonic inlet when operating in off-design states, and the research results demonstrated that the shock waves can reintersect in the cowl adjacent area in different off-design operation states with the MHD acceleration method and the MHD power generation method, respectively [5]. Leonov et al used a quasi-dc


Design parameters for a FM/FM telemetry system are determined in terms of the IRIG specifications for proportional bandwidth channels. Three mathematical models used by designers of the above processes are extended and compared. That is, FM multitone models are used to establish the relationship between frequency deviations, modulation indices, signal-to-noise and IF bandwidth for the IRIG channels. Since spectral efficiency and signal quality are of major importance, a goal of the design is to have a minimum IF bandwidth, while fixing as large as possible the values of the modulation indices for the subcarriers modulating the carrier in order to achieve as large as needed output signal-to-noise ratio. INTRODUCTION Since the noise spectral density after the carrier demodulator is parabolic, it is necessary to vary system parameters such that the signal quality in each individual channel is the same. In these channels the frequency deviation of the subcarrier oscillator by the signal is a constant percentage of the frequency of the subcarrier and the deviation ratio is nominally set to 5. Since the only remaining unspecified parameters are the frequency deviation of the carrier by the individual subcarriers they must be used in order to achieve equal signal to noise ratios in all the channels. The frequency deviations by the individual subcarriers on the carrier is related to maximum specified peak frequency deviation of the carrier. The FM/FM spectrum is complex and is basically multi-tone. Three mathematical models used by designers of the above processes are extended and compared. That is, FM multi-tone models are used to establish the relationship between frequency deviations, modulation indices, signal-to-noise ratios and IF bandwidth for the IRIG channels. These models are then used to determine parameters such that specifications are met. The output signal-to-noise ratio, numerically, in the i subcarrier channels is given by th [1]


A series of three experiments was carried out in order to better characterize the representations that support long-term cognate priming. In Experiment 1, robust priming was obtained between orthographically similar French/English cognates in bilingual speakers, and this priming was mediated, in part, by orthographic codes given that priming for these items was dramatically reduced following a study-test modality shift. In Experiment 2, no priming was obtained between the same set of French/English cognates in monolingual English speakers. Finally, in Experiment 3, priming for orthographically unrelated Arabic/French cognates was no larger than cross-modal priming, suggesting that these effects were mediated by non-orthographic representations. The role of orthography in supporting cognate priming is discussed.


The article describes the bandsaw blade properties innovative method design and realization. The introduction contens individual bandsaw parts description, including their important parameters overview. The innovative methods design delineation follows. The constructed device based on our design minimizes the human error influence. Moreover, it is collecting and archiving measured data. The article covers also the design and software realization. In the end, some measured data examples are stated.


Clastic and organic sediments exposed in two stream cutbanks above modern timberline in the headwaters of the Henrys Fork drainage record multiple episodes of fluvial, lacustrine and wetland deposition. The location of the upper Henrys Fork at the boundary between modern summer-wet/winter-dry and summer dry/winter-wet precipitation regimes suggests that changes in vegetation during the Holocene were due primarily to variations in growing-season temperature. A radiocarbon date of 9310 6 70 BP on a Salix fragment from the base of one exposure indicates that the upper reaches of the Henrys Fork were vegetated by riparian willows by the early Holocene. Four other dates on wood and bulk organics ranging up to 4070 6 70 BP indicate that deposition continued through the middle Holocene. High Picea/Pinus ratios and high percentages of Artemisia pollen suggest that an open Picea parkland was established at timberline by 9.5 ka cal. BP, in response to mean annual and July temperatures ~1.0°C greater than at present. Continued warmth through the middle Holocene allowed Pinus to expand upwards into the spruce parkland by 7.5 ka cal. BP. A period of maximum warmth was reached between 6.5 and 5.4 ka cal. BP, and near-modern conditions prevailed over the final ~1000 years of the record (until 3.8 ka cal. BP).


I work and move within church circles and find that most of the people I meet there are honest, committed, and for the most part radiate their faith positively. Most church-goers aren't hypocrites. What I do find disturbing within church circles though is that too many of us can be bitter, angry, mean-spirited, and judgmental, especially in terms of the very values that we hold most dear.


This paper presents a brief history of the use of officially-supported export credits extended to importers on the basis of a guarantee/insurance provided by a government-supported institution or agency from the exporting country. It examines the beginning of official support for exporter credits and the impact of the 1980s debt crisis on their use. Presented are substantial differences in the organizational structure of individual export credit agencies (ECAs), and the scope of services they provide, as is the evolution and the role of international coordination in setting export credit terms. The strains placed upon international export credit systems in the past decade are analyzed at length, including the deteriorating financial position of ECAs, an outgrowth of the widespread debt crisis of 1982. ECAs responses to these stresses and their effects on export credit flows to developing countries are also considered. Current issues facing officially-supported export credit systems and future prospects for the use of export credits constitute the second half of the paper. The issue of export credit financing for East European countries and former Soviet states is also explored, along with other relevant issues, such as operations and security. The paper concludes by analyzing the prospects for officially supported export credits from the perspectives of both recipient developing countries and providers.


Continuing studies at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) have shown that cost-efficient biotechnology for the removal of toxic trace metals from geothermal sludge is feasible. Pilot-scale experiments have shown that fast rates (< 24-h) of metal removal at 55{degree}C--60{degree}C can be achieved with removal efficiencies of better than 80%, yielding a product well within the environmental regulatory limits. Recent studies have shown that radionuclides, such as radium present in low concentrations in some sludges, can also be removed by means of a secondary biotreatment. The process produces an aqueous phase which contains all of the regulatory metals in a soluble form. A follow-up technology for the treatment of the aqueous phase is concurrently being developed at BNL. Preliminary results indicate that a small volume concentrate of metals can be generated producing an aqueous phase which meets drinking water standards. In this paper the current state-of-the-biotechnology will be discussed.


In the past, all of the new spinning technologies, such as OE-rotor spinning, DREF spinning, Air-jet spinning etc., have been aimed to increase the production per spindle and have been successful on this.  However, as the production increases this does not mean that the yarn quality parameters get better. Also, until today, none of any new spinning methods has given a quality as ring spun yarn has. The clearest case is the capability of production of finest yarns by the ring spinning system. In contrary, structure of the ring-spun yarns is not ideal. The yarns consist of known fibre amount, do have very little or none contribution influence on tenacity and negative effect on the irregularity and hairiness of the yarns.  Compact yarns were developed for the ring spinning frame to be able to alter most of these dissenting.   In this study, both conventional ring-spun yarns and compact (COM 4) yarns were produced from the same roving and later compared with their linear densities, twist, tenacity-elongation and hairiness. The results revealed that compact (COM 4) ring yarns have lower values in Uster H, yet have shown higher yarn twist, breaking strength and elongation.


We would like to congratulate Dr Geddes et al . and Brain for publishing their recent valuable contributions to the field of infant head injury/shaken baby syndrome (Geddes et al ., 2001 a, b ). It is unacceptable for malicious child abuse to go undetected and there is an obligation on those looking after children to protect them. However, a refusal to study alternative explanations should not be allowed to unjustly destroy the lives of the accused and their families (Wilkins, 1997). We believe that these papers have important implications for the understanding of retinal haemorrhages in shaken infants. …


In view of the problem of SPWM,the theoretic illustration and software design method is used.In addition to the introduction of the basic principle of SVPWM,the method of realizing SVPWM by TI' s DSP motor controller TMS320LF2407 is designed,and a full-digital solution of SVPWM control is presented.The results of experiments with PMSM indicate that the proposed method is feasible and the control system has excellent dynamic and static performances and high control effect,which has broad application prospects.


It is widely accepted that basins underlain by Quaternary volcanic rocks are superior to those by other geologies concerning the function of the headwater-recharge. The reason is why the basins underlain by Quaternary volcanic rocks are generally covered with volcaniclastic materials such as volcanic ash and pumice, which exhibit an excellent function of the water-retention.We have carried out some hydrological observations in the forested basins in southern Kyushu. The purpose of these observations is to understand quantitatively the runoff phenomena in the forested basins in volcanic area. In this paper, the effect of volcaniclastic materials on the runoff characteristics was examined based on a comparison of the runoff between the basins covered with and un-covered with volcaniclastic materials. The duration of the direct runoff in the basin covered with volcaniclastic materials is shorter than that in the basin un-covered with volcaniclastic materials. Therefore, the amount of direct runoff is comparatively little with the direct runoff ratio of less than about 10 per cent. In the forested basin covered with volcaniclastic materials, the plentiful discharge of base flow was observed even during a long drought.


- The SPAD 502 Chlorophyll Meter can estimate leaf chlorophyll content as a surrogate measure of the nitrogen (N) status of plants, and therefore, it can be used to assess the N requirements of crops. In this work, we show that irradiance, leaf water status and time of measurement (i.e., morning vs. afternoon), may interfere with the SPAD 502 measurements. SPAD values increased by 2-3 units as relative leaf water content decreased from 94 to 87.5 57492768n wheat leaves. A change in irradiance (from 1100 to 600-650 mmol m-2 s-1) caused an increase of about 2 SPAD units in potted maize plants. Throughout the day, SPAD values varied by up to 4 units in well-watered plants of maize growing under field conditions. The slope of the response of the SPAD meter to chlorophyll content was steeper in the morning than in the afternoon. Since the range of SPAD values that may separate N deficiency from N surplus in a crop are often relatively narrow, time of measurement, irradiance and plant water status must be taken into account to precisely monitor crop N needs with the SPAD 502.


The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of mental abacus training on children's working memory. To accomplish this, the role played by the visuo-spatial sketchpad and phonological loop with regard to the working memory task in three experiments, and three distraction tasks were manipulated to investigate it. The results of experiments 1–3 suggest that training to perform mental arithmetic calculations and digit span enhances participants' ability to retain visuo-spatial and phonological loop information. Additionally, children who had not received mental abacus training depended on the phonological loop to retain numerical information. We speculate that these children may execute mental calculations using their visuo-spatial sketchpad to form mental imagery. These findings demonstrate that mental abacus training may improve basic cognitive capacities and possess utility for learning and education.


This paper deals with the frequently encountered problem of estimating the probabilities of future events when there are no appropriate historical data with which to compute the probabilities. If a...


The aim of this investigation was to determine the age of Caesalpinia spinosa populations in natural forests in the province of San Marcos and Matara District (Cajamarca Region), by counting growth rings and the ratio of the width of the rings with temperature and precipitation during the growing season. Dendrocronología technique was applied in 10 Taya trees. The trees were harvested and 2 slices of 7 cm thick, the base of the shaft 7 cm were obtained. The age of the trees was estimated by the number of growth rings, using CooRecorder 7.6 program. The ring width to rainfall and temperature of the growing years related, taking into account the approximate age. The oldest trees are aged approximately 40 years, located in the hamlet of El Cedro and 84 years in the hamlet of Collambay. Rainfall showed greater influence on the growth of annual rings taya.


We should be paid more attention to the group characteristics of the heritor in protection of the intangible cultural heritage.Problems such as the forming reasons,the significance and the selection mechanism of the heritage groups related to the orientation of the intangible cultural heritage in our country.


Introduction: The region of the neck is vulnerable. In case of pathology, the cervical traction is suggested to put under stress its constituent elements. We consider that the elongation of the cervical spine is constant and reproducible under the influence of a given traction power. We suggest studying the validation of a measuring instrument to objectivize the pathological damages and the results of the treatment. Method: 60 healthy subjects with a mean age of 25.83 ± 6.55 took part in our study. They have been evaluated two times within a 3-day interval. The extension of the neck was measured by a potentiometer during 120s under the effect of a cervical tension using 7% of the body's weight. The relaxation of the subject was revealed through EMG recording of the muscles of the neck. Synchronization with breathing was captured through an abdominal detector. Results: The elongation of the cervical spine was 1.71 + 0.7 mm. The reproducibility of the elongation was large (r = 0.73). The elongation of the cervical spine according to the respiratory rhythm of the subject could not be reported. Discussion and Conclusion: The flow of the conjunctive tissues of the neck is constant and its measurement with our tool is reliable. This leads to a lot of new research openings.


Highlights Research results from the value-added research and demonstration program for western hardwoods are summarized in this report. The intent of the program was to enhance the economy of the Pacific Northwest by helping local communities and forest industries produce wood products more efficiently. Emphasis was given to value-added products and barriers to increased utilization. The program was coordinated by the Pacific Northwest Research Station, the Pacific Northwest Region of State and Private Forestry, and the Forest Products Laboratory.


This paper introduces both laboratory experi- ment and equilibrium calculations concerned with the Si reduction and reoxidation.The results give evidence that the Si transport in different directions just exists in the furnace hearth synchronistically, by which the desulphurization is also affected.The problems noticed for smelting tow Si pig iron are given.


This thesis introduces a novel system for the development, display and analysis of bidirectional surface scattering distribution functions (BSSRDFs). The system is capable of interactively rendering analytic BSSRDFs on arbitrary triangle meshes and pointclouds under different lighting conditions. It also facilitates analysis and validation of BSSRDFs by providing comparison plots both for analytic BSSRDFs and measured data in form of radial profiles. Additionally, the system provides reference solutions by the means of path tracing for simple geometries. The system is easily extensible with new analytic BSSRDFs through a simple text file interface. For the BSSRDF, our system is the first of its kind and is targeted both at researchers to assist in development and survey of BSSRDFs as well as artists to allow for interactive feedback and increased control in tweaking BSSRDF parameters. We integrated our system with the popular BRDF Explorer from Walt Disney Animation Studios and release it as an open source application to the computer graphics community.


Collaborative learning affects with lot of factors like student's personality, their interaction patterns, learning styles etc. Grouping of students is one of the important factors. It is important to arrange groups by skills and/or backgrounds. Hence it is noteworthy to create groups based on specific skills of students. Generally the students can be randomly grouped or grouped themselves. But this method of grouping students based on certain features like personality traits can improve the efficiency of collaborative learning. The student's data can be collected from social networking site like Facebook. The personality of each student can be identified by comparing the individual's chat history with psycholinguistic databases. The main objectives of this paper are to identify the student's personality. Based on that, the group of students can be formed using k-means clustering algorithm.


The article gives a description of the structural function model of forming of information competence for musical specialties students. The characteristic of its main structural components is presented.


The fractal dimension δg(1) of turbulent passive scalar signals is calculated from the fluid dynamical equation. δg(1) depends on the scale. For small Prandtl (or Schmidt) number Pr 1 one gets a third, intermediate range in which the signal is extremely wrinkled and has δg(1) = 2. In that range the passive scalar structure function Dθ(r) has a plateau. We calculate the Pr-dependence of the crossovers. The plateau regime can be observed in a numerical solution of the fluid dynamical equation, employing a reduced wave vector set approximation introduced by us recently.


As the complexity of logic devices increased, it required more time and effort to manually design and verify tests, it was difficult to estimate test coverage, and the tests ran too slowly. This method is known as functional testing. Therefore, the industry adopted a design for test (DFT) strategy in which the design was updated to make testing simpler. In this work, a full scan testability method is going to be implemented to a sequential circuit (CUT). The CUT consists of at 6 D flip-flops and 10 logic gates. This CUT was designed using quartus prime software. The following steps are going to be implemented in this work: First, simulate the fault free circuit. Second, three faults were injected and tested to check if they can be detected or not. Finally, analyze the obtained results in terms of (what is the test pattern needed, how the fault can be observed at output).