1314 drivers in 5 countries in a rural area of Guangxi were randomly selected and interviewed. A chi-squared test and logistic regression were applied to analyze the factors contributing to traffic accidents. According to the analysis, the proportion of road traffic accident of drivers in rural area of Guangxi that occurred over the past three years reached 25.6%, and the influence of factors such as driving experience, education, income, road conditions etc. affected the proportion of road traffic accidents of drivers, there was a significant difference (P<0.05). The Binary Logistic regression analysis results showed that the most correlative factors were method of obtaining driving skills (OR=1.743,95%CI=1.156∼2.629), whether the vehicle underwent an annual inspection (OR=1.583, 95%CI=1.162∼2.156), fatigue driving (OR=0.620, 95%CI = 0.535 ∼ 0.719)etc.. Based on the analyzing traffic accident influencing factors of drivers in rural area by method of quantitative and qualitative analysis, the preventive countermeasures were presented for controlling and reducing the incidents of road traffic accidents and traffic injuries in rural area.


Genes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex. Components of Antigen Processing Pathways. T Lymphocytes. Immunoglobulins and the B Cell Receptor. Autoimmune Disorders: HLA, Genetic Predisposition and the Immune System. Ncoplasias Involving Antigen Receptor Genes. Immune Response Cytokines. A List of CD Antigens. Index.


To prepare formulation of herbal hand wash from the methanolic extracts of leaves of Murraya koenigii (Curry tree) and Eugenia aromaticam (Clove) for anti acne activity. Extract was obtained from the leaves of Murraya koenigii (Curry tree) and buds of Eugenia aromaticam (Clove) by maceration method and formulation was developed by simple mixing of ingredients. Anti-microbial efficacy of the formulated herbal hand wash was performed on different microorganisms using the agar plate method. The results showed that, compared to regular hand wash, prepared herbal hand wash formulations showed a large inhibition region and extract of these plant materials can be used for formulation of hand wash and antimicrobial activity. The zone of inhibition for prepared formulation was found to be more than the standard formulation. For Staphylococcus aureus zone of inhibition was found to be 39 mm, Bacillus substillis 35 mm, and Candida albicans 42 mm which is more than the standard formulation. Extract of leaves of Murraya koenigii (Curry tree) and Eugenia aromaticam (Clove) had shown the best antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus substillis, and Candida albicans respectively.


The aim of this paper is to present the current state of development level of contemporary automatic gearboxes in the automotive industry, their level of presence, as well as to bring the concept of a possible positive impact of their use on road safety as a solution designed with a high percentage of electronic components and cybernetics. The first section provides an overview of the types of automatic gearboxes in recent time and a short description of their function principles. The second section provides interpretation of possible positive effects of their using in automotive industry with respect to vehicle performance and traffic safety.


Subject of study. A method of angular position measuring for point light source in the system with CCD arrays is proposed by converting of angle time code in low light conditions and at high signal / noise ratio. Assessment of the method potential accuracy is given. It is determined by instrumental irremovable random errors of measurement in terms of optimal processing of incoming information with a single reading it with CCD arrays. Method. This work introduces an optoelectronic system circuit with CCD arrays with stretched sensing elements and a point of reference for angular position measuring. In this case the arrays have images projections of both the reference point source and the target point source, which angular position is measured with high precision. From the CCD array output the signals arrive at an optimal (or apt) linear filter, and then to the signal peak position detection circuit. The scheme provides minimum error due to the influence of noise. Pulse edges, corresponding to the signals maximum, make a time interval filled with high-frequency counting pulses. The number of pulses in this interval will correspond to the measured angular position of the target point source. Main results. Analysis of random errors has been carried out in terms of statistical decision theory. Analysis takes into account the spectral function of the signals defined by transfer functions of the optical system and a CCD array as an image analyzer. Research of measurement accuracy is carried out depending on the clock frequency of reading information from CCD arrays for different values of signal-to-noise ratio. It has been shown that even with a single readout with CCD array by the proposed opto-electronic circuit measuring error does not exceed 0.01 of the sensing element size. Practical significance. The results are usable in high-precision measuring opto-electronic systems of star sensors for determining the angular position of the low-power point light sources.


An examination was made of advanced, high performance coatings and substrates for use as thermal protection system (TPS) tiles on space reusable launch vehicles (RLV). The advanced tiles were characterized using thermal performance and rain impact testing. Thermal performance was measured using plasma arcjet and heat exposures. Rain erosion tests were used to evaluate the integrity of the coated tile surfaces. Preliminary results showed that improved impact resistance and thermal performance were attained using AETB-20 tile coated with densified-TUFI.


As serious traffic problems have increased throughout the world, various types of studies, especially traffic simulations, have been conducted to investigate this issue. Activity-based traffic simulation models, such as MATSim (Multi-Agent Transport Simulation), are intended to identify optimal combinations of activities in time and space. It is also necessary to examine commuting-based traffic simulations. Such simulations focus on optimizing travel times by adjusting departure times, travel modes or travel routes to present travel suggestions to the public. This paper examines the optimal departure times of metro users during rush hour using a newly developed simulation tool. A strategy for identifying relatively optimal departure times is identified. This study examines 103,637 person agents (passengers) in Shenzhen, China, and reports their average departure time, travel time and travel utility, as well as the numbers of person agents who are late and miss metro trips in every iteration. The results demonstrate that as the number of iterations increases, the average travel time of these person agents decreases by approximately 4 min. Moreover, the latest average departure time with no risk of being late when going to work is approximately 8:04, and the earliest average departure time with no risk of missing metro trips when getting off work is approximately 17:50.


Student can be said master the English if they can master four skills of language, there are speaking skill, writing skill, listening skill, and reading skill. Those skills are will be impossible to achieve if the student do not have motivation, both internal and external The aims of this research is to explain and describe what kinds of motivations that students required to support their expectable achievement related to four skills of language. This research uses qualitative approach, with field research scheme, because the data and instruments are implemented in real condition. The research instruments consist of observation, interview, script interview, and study document. The interview conducted to 10 English lecturers to find out the students' problems and lecturers' suggestion regarding to students' motivation to support teaching and learning process in English department. The result of this research shows that Early semester students are having trouble in adapting English at their university, because of some problems, such as; unconfident in performing English as their instruction language in the classroom, because of their vocabulary limit, difficult in understanding lecturer's English explanation, and difficult to interact among others in using English. Therefore, they need motivation, both internal and external.


CONTEXT
Unilateral adrenalectomy is the therapy of choice in aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA). Zona glomerulosa (ZG) insufficiency causing hyperkalemia after adrenalectomy has been described in case reports.

OBJECTIVE
Our aim was to analyze the clinical relevance of ZG insufficiency causing hyperkalemia after adrenalectomy in a large series of patients with APA.

DESIGN
This was a retrospective chart review.

SETTING
The study was conducted at two tertiary university referral centers in Germany.

PATIENTS
Data from 110 patients with confirmed APA adrenalectomized at the centers in Munich and Berlin between 2004 and 2012 were analyzed.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome was the incidence of ZG insufficiency causing hyperkalemia after adrenalectomy; the secondary outcome was the identification of risk factors predisposing for hyperkalemia.

RESULTS
Eighteen of 110 patients (16%) developed postoperative hyperkalemia. The majority of these patients (n = 14) had undetectable plasma aldosterone levels after adrenalectomy; four had low aldosterone levels. In 12 of these patients, hyperkalemia was documented only once and resumed spontaneously. Prolonged hypoaldosteronism accompanied by hyperkalemia was observed in six patients (5% of total cohort). These patients needed continuous mineralocorticoid replacement therapy for 11-46 months. Mineralocorticoid antagonist treatment for 4 wk prior to surgery did not prevent hyperkalemia. In multivariate analysis, preoperatively decreased glomerular filtration rate and increased serum creatinine as well as increased postoperative creatinine and microalbuminuria remained significant predictors of hyperkalemia.

CONCLUSION
Persistent postoperative hypoaldosteronism with hyperkalemia occurs in 5% of adrenalectomized PA patients through prolonged ZG insufficiency, requiring long-term fludrocortisone treatment. Potassium levels after adrenalectomy must be monitored to avoid life-threatening hyperkalemia.


Disclosed is a method for the production of multi-component plastic molded parts, whereby cavities are formed with two outer mold clamping plates with outer mold halves and an intermediate rotatable mold carrier element with at least four mold halves into two parting planes are injected into the plastic melt and / or a polyurethane mixture , The invention is characterized in that at least two first mold halves (A2, A3) of the central mold carrier element with different cavity successively with an outer mold half (A1) and at least two further mold parts (B2, B3) of the central mold carrier element with different cavity successively with the other outer mold half (B1) are brought together, wherein the middle mold halves (A2, A3, B2, B3) are successively formed with the outer mold halves (A1, B1) in the two parting planes, different cavities, wherein in the first clock in the two separating planes cavities formed (A1 + A2, B1 + B2) preforms are prepared in the outer mold halves (A1, B1) are held, and wherein (in the formed in a second stroke in the two parting planes wells A1 + A3, B1 + B3) the pre-molded parts are each provided with a further component.


A B S T R A C T In this work, we analyzed aspects of the energy balance at the surface, with emphasis on the latent and sensitive heat flux. Used data was observed in the location of Petrolina (city in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil), and simulations were made using the Brazilian Regional Atmospheric Modeling System — BRAMS, for two domains of 50 by 50 points of grid with resolutions of 30 and 5 km, centered in the coordinates 9°S and 40.5°W. One period of five days in relatively dry soil were chosen for investigation. Analyses were limited to the higher resolution. Largest limitation in the simulation was the impossibility of using the moisture of the soil in a non-homogenous way. Results proved that the most part of available energy is used as sensitive heat flux for dry soil. Observed values of the latent and sensitive heat fluxes were well represented in the simulations.


This report presents a study of the effect of temperature on the sludge in the MBR and on filterability. For three wastewater characteristics the relation with the temperature and filterability is determined: the sludge viscosity, the soluble microbial products (SMP) concentration and the particle size distribution. Chapter 2 attends to the basic knowledge about wastewater treatment in general and MBR in special. In chapter 3 there is a detailed explanation of different ways the temperature might affect the wastewater and thus the filtration. In this chapter the objective of the study is given as well. Chapter 4 is about the experiment set-up and methods that are used. In chapter 5 to 8 the results are presented, starting with the general effect of wastewater temperature on the filtration. Chapter 6, 7 and 8 are about the particle size distribution, SMP concentration and viscosity respectively. Each of these three chapters includes theory about the specific subject, expected results according to the theory, additional experiment set-up, presentation of the results, discussion and a conclusion. A general conclusion is available in chapter 9. The conclusion is accompanied by some recommendations for further studies.


As the global economy gathers pace, more governments are realizing that their main assets are their people and that remaining, or becoming, competitive depends increasingly on the development of a highly skilled workforce.Improvement in the quality, efficiency, and equity of education, to a considerable extent, depends on the nexus of teaching and learning, which is in turn influenced by the quality of educational practitioners and educational leaders. (Blau & Presser, 2013)sound that e-leadership system provides extensive support for school principals in managing the organization, delegating responsibilities and promoting e-leadership by teaching staff and, consequently, increases the pedagogical effectiveness of their school. e-Leadership through the school management system changes the entire school culture. It includes making data-based decisions; monitoring curriculum implementation and learning performance; interacting with teachers, students and parents; improving the school climate; and raising the level of student and parental involvement.  (Loeb, Kalogrides, & Beteille, 2012) found that more effective schools are able to attract and hire more effective teachers from other schools when vacancies arise, schools assign novice teachers to students in a more equitable fashion, more effective schools are better able to retain higher-quality teachers. The results pointed to the importance of personnel and, perhaps, school personnel practices for improving student outcomes.


Considering the complexity and difficulty on the researching, how to enhance the performance of ejector-diffuser system effectively became a significant task. In the present study, the supersonic nozzle was redesigned using Chevrons installed at the inlet of the secondary stream of the ejector-diffuser system for the purpose of the performance improvement. A CFD method based on Fluent has been applied to simulate the supersonic flows and shock waves inside the ejector. Primary numerical analysis results show that the Chevrons get a positive effect on the ejector flows. The comparison of ejector performance with and without the Chevron was obtained and optimal number of chevron lobe is discussed to increase the performance. The ejector-diffuser system performance is discussed in terms of the entrainment ratio, pressure recovery as well as total pressure loss.


A 2×2 high contrast ratio optical switch composed of holographic optical switching elements is presented. This switch consists of two electro-optic halfwave plates, four layers of holographic gratings, two dielectric substrates, and one spacer. The contrast ratio can be higher than 54 dB. The contrast ratio improvement of this device is the same as a dilated optical switch.


Abstract : Recent activities in the field of time and frequency metrology pursued at PTB are reviewed. Quasi-continuous operation of the cesium fountain frequency standard CSF1 enabled us to assess the performance of the older primary clocks CS1 and CS2 much better than previously possible. On average, the CSF1 and CS2 frequencies deviated by less than 5 parts in 10 (exp 15) during more than 2 years, which is well within the 1 sigma uncertainty u sub B of CS2, 12 parts in 10 (exp 15). In cooperation with BIPM and timing institutes in the US and Europe, several calibration exercises have been conducted that resulted in an improved calibration of PTB's time comparison equipment.


Abyss is an action adventure game in its essence. It has graphical and lighting qualities that can rival most games available on the market today. It inspires to combine the concepts of an indie game with that of a large scale title such as the Elder Scrolls franchise. Although the core gameplay is more simplistic than a lot of games out there now, which can be considered to be a risk or a strength depending on how it's viewed I feel that if a game is immersive it can achieve great things. Visually this game should look amazing, that alone is reason enough to obtain the interest of gamers.

Due to this fact Abyss is a game that originally would not generate money. It would be a massive achievement for Abyss if it was Green Lighted on Steam (context below). The game would be available to download for free with an option to donate to help fund development. This has launched hundreds of games on steam and the service is an excellent way to get a foot in the door of the game development business. This is especially beneficial to first time developers as they will always have a reference and feedback from users which in a sense is free testing and market analysis.

As the project is a one-man development team it is almost impossible to create a game that can justify a heavy price tag so this will reflect in the game in comparison to a game that may cost 30-70 euro. Within the timeframe to get a game that looks intriguing and has a compelling atmosphere combined with a non-rage inducing control and gameplay system would be considered a massive success for the development and Abyss itself.


The sludge load(Ns) referred to the organic pollutants removal activated sludge unit mass per unit time per unit volume,kg COD /(kg MLSS·d).Utilization of sludge mixed liquor factory at the beginning of the activated sludge effluent and the aeration tank making certain concentration of violet water industry wastewater treatment in Taizhou City,and in 0.1 ~ 0.3 kg COD /(kg MLSS·d) 5 experimental sludge load,changing the residence time of aerobic biochemical reaction,were measured by COD,TP,NH3-N and TN removal rate the different sludge load,different residence time effect on the sewage treatment effect was discussed,considering the sludge settle ability and removal of COD and nitrogen and phosphorus removal,the determined optimal sludge loading was 0.20 kg COD /(kg MLSS·d).


Hand gestures for speech impaired community have their usage for specific language. In Indonesia, hand gesture has their natural two hands sign and widely accepted usage, BISINDO (Bahasa Indonesia Sign Language). In this paper, we propose to use a mobile application to support people who want to communicate with speech impaired people based on BISINDO. We make use the Convolutional Neural Network method to identify the hand gesture in a real time Android mobile application. For training the image dataset, we make use of MobileNet algorithm that have satisfied us with good result, on top of a Machine Learning Framework, TensorFlow. The percentage of success has been influenced by the image reference size and the optimizer algorithm. The highest performance of implemented model reached 95.13% on its accuracy rate from 23 hand gestures from 13.802 images as dataset, and achieved 100% success on some hand gestures.


The security of the web-service program is a very significant facet in the grid computing environment. A fuzzer is a program that attempts to discover security vulnerabilities by sending random input to an application. How to efficiently reduce the fuzzing data scale with the assurance of high fuzzing veracity and vulnerability coverage is a very important issue for its effective practice. In this paper, aimed at the web-service program, a new heuristic method for fuzzing data generation named as H-Fuzzing is be presented, which has high program executing path coverage with the information from the static analysis and dynamic property of the program. The main thought of H-Fuzzing is collecting the information of the key branch predications and building its relations with the input variables in order to supervise the dimension reducing of the fuzzing data aggregation.


In this paper, distributed (or multiterminal) source coding with one distortion criterion and correlated messages is considered. This problem can be also called ``Berger-Yeung problem with correlated messages''. It corresponds to the source coding part of the graph-based framework for transmission of a pair of correlated sources over the multiple-access channel (MAC) where one is lossless and the other is lossy. As a result, the achievable rate-distortion region for this problem is provided. It is an information-theoretic characterization of the rate of exponential growth (as a function of the number of source samples) of the size of the bipartite graphs which can represent a pair of correlated sources with satisfying one distortion criterion. A rigorous proof of the achievability and the converse part is given. It is also shown that there exists functional duality between Berger-Yeung problem with correlated messages and semi-deterministic broadcast channel with correlated messages. This means that the optimal encoder-decoder mappings for one problem become the optimal decoder-encoder mappings for the dual problem. In the duality setup, the correlation structure of the messages in the two dual problems, source distortion measure and channel cost measure are also specified.


Choosing the physical course in 2012 in University of Science and Technology Liaoning as the research object,the classroom on the air and online teaching platform with modern network technology are established. The research results show that the construction of online teaching platform can enhance the student's self-learning ability and initiative,expand the method of evaluating system,promote the interaction between teachers and students,and create the culture of online physical course. The construction of classroom on the air should consider the characteristics of the project,strength the daily management and achieve the development of physical course teaching and increase the quality of physical course teaching.


A 50-year-old woman presented to dermatology clinic with multiple pink papules and plaques scattered over her face. Four months prior, she received topical application of "anti-aging" Dermclar products immediately followed by motorized microneedle therapy for facial rejuvenation. The substance applied is known to contain Vitamin C, linoleic acid and proteoglycans. Within 1 week of application, the patient noted the appearance of a skin rash along the treated areas of the face that gradually progressed into raised lesions. Mild improvement was reported after administration of intralesional kenalog and oral prednisone; however, once steroid administrationwas stopped, any improvement was lost, and the lesions worsened. Medical history is significant for pulmonary tuberculosis successfully treated 20 years ago.


Patient: Female, 70-year-old Final Diagnosis: Epithelial inclusion cysts Symptoms: Abnormal mammogram findings Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Pathology Objective: Rare disease Background: An epithelial inclusion cyst within a lymph node denotes a heterotopic phenomenon. Nodal epithelial inclusion cysts have been reported in a variety of anatomical locations including pelvic, abdominal, mediastinal, and axillary regions. While nodal melanocytic nevus (also known as nevus cell aggregates) is the most common heterotopic phenomena involving the axillary lymph nodes, the presence of benign epithelial inclusion cysts in axillary lymph nodes is a rare but well-reported finding. Such documentation is in part due to assessment of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer becoming standard of care. These epithelial inclusion cysts offer a diagnostic pitfall in evaluation of sentinel lymph node in the setting of breast carcinoma. They also complicate assessment of sentinel lymph node during intraoperative frozen sections analysis. Case Report: We report a case of co-existent of benign squamous-type and glandular-type epithelial inclusions cysts in 2 sentinel lymph nodes in a patient with grade III invasive ductal carcinoma involving the left breast. There have been at least 4 cases reported in literature in which benign epithelial inclusion cysts in sentinel lymph nodes were first mistakenly diagnosed as metastatic carcinoma both during intraoperative frozen section analysis and during review of permanent sections. The missed diagnosis could potentially occur intraoperatively during frozen section sentinel lymph node analysis secondarily due to lack of availability of the primary tumor for comparison and inability to use immunohistochemical stains. Conclusions: Pathologists should be aware of this pitfall especially in frozen section analysis of sentinel lymph node to avoid misdiagnosis and its associated potential grave consequences.


There is a natural correspondence between annotated corpora and functions: a corpus can be seen as a collection of points and their images by a function that maps the raw input to the annotated output. We illustrate this point by considering a corpus of sentences annotated with their part-of-speech. We then show that the construction of a part-of-speech disambiguator from a training corpus is equivalent to approximating the function corresponding to the corpus. A good approximation can be computed within the space of nite-state functions. The inferred function is capable of generalizing the disambiguation process to unknown text with state of the art accuracy. Moreover, the resulting function to linear-time implementation. In a companion paper, the method has also been successfully applied to letter-tosound conversion. This work may not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part for any commercial purpose. Permission to copy in whole or in part without payment of fee is granted for nonpro t educational and research purposes provided that all such whole or partial copies include the following: a notice that such copying is by permission of Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories of Cambridge, Massachusetts; an acknowledgment of the authors and individual contributions to the work; and all applicable portions of the copyright notice. Copying, reproduction, or republishing for any other purpose shall require a license with payment of fee to Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories. All rights reserved. Copyright c Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, 1995 201 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139


thein explained that " 17 different ' series ' of vaccine wvere used for the vaceiniationl of th-ese 18 cases; one ' series ' was therefore used for 2 cases. Each ' series ' is a prooduct of the vaccination of a si-gle calf with l,-mphi derived from anothier aniimal, generally a rabbit, but occasionally a calf. In these 17 scries the lymplih was dlerived from the cutaneous vaccinationi of calves with rabbit stock." Orders by the Local G-overiiimienit Board required that the calf used for thie production of vaccinie should be staughtered, and, if it were proved unlhealtlhy, that the lymaph slhould notbe used. These orders were in force for mi-aniy years before the rabbit was includled ini tlle schemneo of cultivation; in recenit r-ulinqg.s thle irabbit is niot specifically miientioned, but is covered by a w'idcr terim, " animial." In the seconid sche(lule of Statutory Rules aind Orders, No. 486 of 1927, Therapeutic Substances, Section (B), para. 3, it is demanded thlat a " tlhorough postmortem examiniationi of tlhe carcass shall be imiade by a qualified expert. A complete record of eacl such examiination slhould be kept." The Rollestoni Committee, lhowever, (loes niot state in its rel)ort whetlher it lhas examinied the records relating to rabbits. In view of the hypothesis that post-vaccinal enicephalitis in the lhuminani subject is fortuitous," and of-the fact that raabbits may survive for a long timiie after their initracerebral inloculationi by mealns of brain material from fatal cases (Report of the Commiittee on Vaccination, p. 193), the value of sucl l)ost-molrteim records would -be increased if they included the numilber and tlhe medical history of rabbits wlhiclh died after admiiission and before unidergoing vaccinia-tion previous anid subsequent to 1902-the date when their use was officially recognized. Fortunately, all the facts at present available about neurotropic diseases of rabbits lhave been summalrized by Dr. Tomi Hare in his valuable contribution to the discussion on enceplhalo-nwvelitis of man and animals ini the Section of Comparative MLedicine of the Royal Society of Medicine in Malch of this Year. These facts sliow that the use of rabbits for the cultivation of vaccine inivolves a possible risk, yet one wlhiclh lonoig experience lhas slhown need not be takeni. Professor McIntosb, a member of the Andrewes Conmnmittee, held that the conniexion between vaccine liiply and l)ost-vaccinal eneephalitis had niot been definitely exclude(l. The Rolleston ComlmDiittee has not nieglected hiis view, but there is niotliing to show that it lhas tried to ascertainithe action of va,ccine lymtlph ont the niervous system. The lymph uised by the Committee hlad presuimably beeinmodified by passage through the rabbit as well as the calf; in short, it, lhas not experimented with true vaccine lymph, but with leporine vaccine. Yet the Committee appears to have felt that the hypothesis whereby the occurrenice of postvaccinal encephalitis has been attributed to the existence of soinie " unkniown factor " in persons unidergoinig vaccination-just at a time whein fortuitously they were inlcubatinig onie or other of the nieurotropic diseases-was much weakened by the findin-gs of Professors Turuibull and McIntosh, supported by Dr. J. R. Perdrau, to the effect tllat histologically post-vaccinial encephalitis could be " slharply differeintiated " from neuiotrolic diseases likely to be tlhus eincountered. Thus, on page 193 of tlle report onle, reads tlhat: " The reusults, thouglh occasionlally suggestive, have not conclusively demonstrateed the presence of a virus -possessing any unifornm specific pathogeniicity for the rabbit. It must be remembered that iii work of this kind tlhe pitfalls and consequent fallacies are iiunmerous." Altlhouglh tlhe occurrenice of consecutive cases of enicephalitis following the use of lymplh from the samne source has been established, and ni-lit therefole at first siglht seem to locate the source of mischief, it miiust be remembered that further use of the samre lymiph in hunidreds of cases has pr-oducedl nio ill effects. It is presumllably oni this account that hypotheses of " latency " and of the " unknown factor" have been evolved. There is no need for such hypotheses. One of us has ecorded experimental evidence to the, effect that thlough vaccinle lymph)l whlich has been contaminlatedl waithl a harmlful agent mlay, by a juldiciouls selection of normal vesicles, appear to be absolultely nlormal after its tranlsmissionl for several generations in thae calf, yet in later generationls o-ne or more vesicles of the total mass may be slhowin to containi the harmful agenit. This experimental evidence,* coupled with the fact that neurotropic diseases mnay occull forltuitously in individual rabbits in whi0h the incubationpcriod mlay be loniger thani the five days' quaralntiine dem--landed in tlle Statutory Order above quoted, miiay ser-e to explaiii the occurrence of so-called " fortuitous " postv-accinial enceplalitis in the humian subject. So far as one may judge from the records, encephalitis occurred in t-his couintrv suLbsequenit to the use of leporille lymplh. Thie fact that true vaccine was issued by the Army Vaccine Institute fromii 1880 to 1910 witlhout-t disturbingaccidents in two millioni cases_ should suffice to slhow tllat vaccinie lymph ill itself can be tolerated by subjects of vaccination at all ages. Lyn,mph issued bythe Ar'my. Vaccinie Iiistitute was used not only oln men in the armi and navy, but also on wolmieni anid chilldren, and in ealch case a report was officiallvy required. Before, therefore, Professor McIlntoshl's view is rejected, vaccine lymnph that has never passed thlrouigh the rabbit should be tested oni animnals in order to discover whlether its use is in any way coinnectedl with post-vacciiial eniceplhalitis. Meanwhile, we repeat our suggestioni tllat, as a niecessary l)rehilminary to a finial verdict, the issue of any forim of leporinie lymiph, whetlher maniufactured at lho-me or imported from abroad, slhould at olnce be abaiidonied in favour of an historically proved unmixed stock of variola vaccinie.-We are, etc., MY-ER COPLAN.S. Ross Iiistitute and Hospital for Tropical W.V G. KING. Diseases, Putney Hleath, S.W.15, -w J R. SJMPSON. Sept. 10thi.


This recommendation for the digital library book lending system,collaborative filtering algorithms commonly used in the shortcomings of the existence of the algorithm is more interested in the case the user will inevitably bias when recommended,thus reducing the problem of prediction accuracy of recommendation,and then made more interested in a degree based on user recommendation system to borrow books recommended algorithm design ideas.firstly,classification of books recommended treatment,then the situation according to the user to calculate the effect of borrowing books of interest for each degree level will be similar to each class of users interested in books together as a class,in a small area to find the nearest neighbor,finally users interested in different types of bibliographic degree as to produce the weights for each user the number of recommended books.The algorithm can solve the problem of the user more degrees of interest,but also can reduce the computational workload and improve the recommendation accuracy.


The case deals with segmentation of Indian Oral Care market with a focus on toothpaste market. It gives a detailed description of players in the toothpaste market and the various brands offered by them. This case also gives a brief description about various segments in the toothpaste market. The case can be used to demonstrate the theory of STP (Segmenting, Targeting & Positioning) analysis, the various ways of segmenting the toothpaste market and evaluating the viability of each segment. Finally the students can also learn how to position a new brand by using positioning map.


The present framework of the electric power system enhances the gradual introduction of renewable
energy sources because of environmental requirements. Within this setting, renewable
micro-generators are progressively spreading in low voltage (LV) distribution grids acting as
self-consumption energy supply for residential and industrial electric schemes.
Distributed generation through renewable micro-generators in LV networks causes signi cant
alterations in the electric parameters due to surplus injected energy in o -peak load demand
hours. As a result of disturbing the power balance of the electric grid, over-voltage appears,
power
ow is upset and current increases.
To permit further implementation of renewable micro-generators in LV grids, such as PV panels
and wind turbines, mitigation techniques must be developed to regulate the in
icted alterations.
Hence, the objective of the present work enhances the evaluation of energy storage systems to
work as mitigation tools.
According to the settled premises, the present study analyzes the e ectiveness of centralized batteries
on the electric parameters of LV distribution grids with many renewable micro-generator
modules, and their in
uence on unbalanced phases and energy losses, all through simulations.
Therefore, a speci c simulation tool has been created, automating the entire procedure through
an algorithm that functions in the MATLABr and MATPOWER working environment.
In order to acquire appropriate and valid result outcomes during the simulation process, a speci c
model that recreates a realistic residential LV distribution grid with included micro-generators
and centralized energy storage system has been established based on real data. Furthermore,
di erent possible scenarios modifying variable parameters of the model are discussed in order to
approximate the case study to real conditions (average behavior and best/worst case scenarios).
Ultimately the outcomes of the simulation process are evaluated in order to determine the
e ectiveness and viability of the proposed mitigation tool. Therefore, all positive and negative
traits are appraised according to technological vantages and economic viability of the technology.
To conclude, apart from the sections included in the analysis of the present study, additional
relevant working areas are also featured within the appendices of the project. These include
environmental impact, economic study, computation methods, tool descriptions and utilized
data.


Optical coherence tomography [1] (OCT) is an interferometric biomedical imaging technique for high resolution cross-sectional imaging of highly scattering tissue. In OCT, light sources having smooth power spectra are preferred as spectral dips result in sidelobes in the axial point spread function (PSF) that cause ghost images and mask weak axial reflections located near a strong reflection [2,3,4]. Real broadband light sources, however, often present spectral dips in their power spectra.


A lens implant for implantation in an eye to be treated includes a base member and an optically active lens element. At least the base element or the lens element has at least one fastening element for securing the lens member to the base member.


S 1) Andresen V, Haag F, Nolte F, Thiele HG. The RT6 Alloantigens: T cell specific surface molecules with NAD-Glycohydrolase activity. Proceedings. XI German Spring Conference of Immunology. March 1995 2) Haag F, Andresen V, Nolte F, Thiele HG. The rat T cell differentiation alloantigen RT6.2, but not RT6.1 auto-ADP-ribosylates itself. Proceedings. International Congress of Immunology, San Francisco, USA, July 1995 3) Poellinger A, Foerschler A, Andresen V, Klapp BF, Zimmer C, Moennikes H. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Visceral Stimulation at Intensities To Induce Aware Or Subconscious Perception. Eur J Neurorad 2003;45: A071 (S61) 4) Andresen V, Bach D, Poellinger A, C Tsrouya, A Foerschler, A Stroh, C Zimmer, BF Klapp, H Monnikes. Functional Brain Imaging of Visceral Stimulation at Intensities of Aware or Subconscious Perception in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Proceedings. Annual Meeting American Psychosomatic Society, Orlando, March 2004 5) Andresen V, Bach D, Poellinger A, Tsrouya C, Foerschler A, Stroh A, Klapp BF, Zimmer C, Monnikes H. Viszerale Stimulation mit bewusster und unbewusster Wahrnehmung in Reizdarmpatienten und Probanden – eine fMRT-Sudie. Med Klinik 2004;99 (A): P108 (82) 6) Andresen V, Bach D, Poellinger A, Tsrouya C, Foerschler A, Stroh A, Schmidtmann M, Fach K, van der Voort IR, Wiedenmann B, Zimmer C, Klapp BF, Monnikes H. Cerebral response patterns to perception threshold adapted (PTA) rectal stimulation reveal alterations in the emotional processing of visceral sensory input in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) even at the level of subconscious stimuli. Gastroenterology 2004;126: A28 7) Andresen V, Tsrouya C, Bach D, Poellinger A, Foerschler A, Stroh A, Georgiewa P, Fach K, Schmidtmann M, van der Voort IR, Wiedenmann B, Zimmer C, Klapp BF, Monnikes H. Altered limbic response patterns to auditory stimuli in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) suggest generalized changes of emotional stimulus-processing. Gastroenterology 2004;126:A591 8) van der Voort IR, Schmidtmann M, Fach K, Werner C, Andresen V, Klapp BF, Wiedenmann B, Monnikes H. Altered Gastric Accommodation and Emptying Can Be Revealed in Dyspeptic Patients with Magnetic Resonance Imaging Gastroenterology 2004;126:A487 9) van der Voort IR, Abou-Rebye H, Fach K, Schmidtmann M, Andresen V, Werner C, Wiedenmann B, Klapp BF, Monnikes H. Tegaserod improves gastric emptying and alters myoelectrical activity in dyspeptic patients. Gastroenterology 2004;126:A643


The three dimensional animation technology is a new technology in recent years with the development of computer hardware and software technology and produce; exhibition design art is accompanied by stages in the development of human society politics, economy and the gradual formation of art. This paper mainly studies animation how to promote and enhance the artistic design and industrial product design from the technical means of 3D, architectural exhibition as a starting point, to integration and innovation between the two studies, which reflects the perfect combination of technology and art.


ABSTRACT. We determined the anurofauna composition and variation in a terra-firme forest surveyed during one rainy season. The study was carried out in the Fazenda Experimental of the Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Between November 2008 and May 2009, three samples were taken at night in 41 plots distributed across a 24 km2 grid. Twenty one plots were located away from water bodies (non-riparian plots) and the remaining 20 plots were located alongside the water bodies (riparian plots). Sampling was performed using standardized sampling methods: visual and auditory surveys performed simultaneously. A total of 6,677 individuals belonging to 33 species and nine families (Aromobatidae, Bufonidae, Centrolenidae, Ceratophryidae, Hylidae, Leptodactylidae, Microhylidae, Pipidae and Strabomantidae) were recorded. The number of species ranged from 23 species at the beginning of the rainy season to 26 species at the end of the season. Twenty-four species were detected in non-riparian plots, whereas 28 species were recorded in riparian plots. Fifteen species were recorded throughout the three sampling periods. The most abundant and widely distributed species in the study area were those with reproductive specializations. Differences in species richness and abundance between riparian and non-riparian plots were observed during sampling periods: in general, in the riparian plots the number of species and number of individuals were higher than those recorded in the non-riparian plots. These differences were related to the presence of species recorded exclusively in riparian plots, corresponding to species dependent on water bodies for reproduction. Differences in species composition between our study site and other nearby areas in central Amazonia may reflect local characteristics, such as variation in topography and presence of specific sites for anuran reproduction.


Liver Function Tests of Workers Exposed to Toluene and Toluene/Dimethylformamide at Low Concentrations: Da‐Hong Wang, et al. Department of Public Health, Okayama University Medical School—The purpose of our study was to analyse the results of liver function tests of workers exposed to toluene or to toluene/dimethylformamide (DMF) at levels below 100 ppm of toluene [(previous Occupational Exposure Limits of the Japan Society for Occupational Health); 10 ppm of DMF] in comparison with those of the reference group in order to see whether these solvents had any effect on the liver at levels generally considered to be safe. Our results suggested that occupational exposure to toluene below previous Occupational Exposure Limits of the Japan Society for Occupational Health lowered serum glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase (7‐GTP) activities significantly in males. On the other hand, serum levels of GPT and 7‐GTP in the female toluene‐ exposed group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Median Body Mass Index (BMI) levels and alcohol consumption did not show any significant difference between toluene‐exposed subjects and the controls, suggesting that toluene exposure or other unknown life‐style factors were likely to have more effects on the difference of serum GPT and 7‐GTP levels between toluene‐exposed and control subjects. Serum GPT activity in the DMF/tolu‐ ene‐exposed group was significantly higher than that in the toluene‐exposed group, and DMF exposure was considered to play a role in increasing the serum GPT activity in the DMF/toluene‐exposed male group. The present results that the decreased serum GPT and 7‐GTP levels in the toluene‐exposed male group necessitate performing further epidemiological and experimental studies to investigate the possible hepatic effect of toluene exposures at levels generally considered to be safe.


Many experiments of different jaw vice anchorages show that the factors influencing the anchor performance of jaw vice anchorage are not only to the quality of anchorage but also to the strength grade and surface hardness of strand. The performance of jaw vice anchorage is influenced by both the anchorage and strand.


One decision often facing medical practice owners is whether to buy or lease equipment. Here are a few points to consider before making your decision.


For numerous questions have been raised against the application of conventional convex modeling methods and analysis models on exhibition spaces regarding their arbitrariness and the lack of consideration for visibility, this study attempts to verify the effectiveness, compared to the conventional methods and models, of visibility-considered spatial analysis models such as VAE, VGA, Visibility ERAM and eventually explores the possibility of combining the characteristics of each model. Moreover, the ideas of E-partitions and S-partitions (Peponis, 1997) are introduced and interpreted from a cognitional perspective, which in turn proposes a new methodology in defining convex spaces. The coherent, and not arbitrary, methodology derived from this study would offer an effective approach in analyzing open plans such as exhibition spaces.


A 58-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for a 5-year history of intensely pruritic lesions on the right thigh. She had been treated with various antihistamines, topical and systemic corticosteroids, but no obvious improvement was achieved. Dermatol cal examination showed crops of 0.5to 1-cm, purple-red nodules and papules with central erosion and crust on the right thigh (Figure 1A). Pathological examination of a biopsy specimen showed a superficial and deep wedge-shaped, dense dermal infiltrate consisting of mononuclear lymphoid cells mixed with scattered or small clusters of large atypical cells and numerous inflammatory cells, such as histiocytes, small lymphocytes, and neutrophils (Figure 1B, 1C). Atypical mitoses were easily seen. Immunohistochemical analysis also revealed an infiltrate mainly consisting of T cells, which were positive for CD4 (Figure 1D), CD3 (Figure 1E), CD5, CD45RO, but negative for CD8, CD79a, CD20 (Figure 1F), and CD56. And the majority of the large atypical cells were CD30 positive (Figure 1G). A diagnosis of regional LyP, type A, was established. She was given subcutaneous injection of interferon alpha-2b at a dose of 3 million units three times per week and topical NM 0.2% solution once daily. Two months later, a complete resolution was achieved with hyperpigmentation and atrophic scar formation (Figure 1H). No hepatorenal damage or other side effects were observed at the end of the treatment, and no new lesions developed during 6-month followup.


The present invention provides a device on the receiver coil of an induction electric vehicle for wireless transmission of energy to, the apparatus comprising: a circular design of a first electrically conductive coil, wherein the first coil and a controllable power source is connected; and design circular electrically conductive second coil, which is also connected to the power source, wherein the second coil is connected to the power supply is formed such that current in the current direction of the second coil in the first coil in the opposite direction.


Bilingual teaching in higher education is based on the necessity of the social and economic trend, serving as a solution to the problems existing in colleges English teaching. It'll improve the teaching effect to understand the principles guiding bilingual teaching and some aspects worthy of note in practical teaching.


A linearized theory, which assumes small pressure perturbations, is presented for the performance of orificetype pulse tube cryocoolers. The effect of gas-to-wall heat transfer within the pulse tube is included. Analytical expressions are derived for pulse tube flow properties and refrigeration power as functions of parameters K, Hl9 and v, which characterize orifice area, pulse tube volume, and pulse tube thermal-layer thickness, respectively. The orifice area that optimizes refrigeration power is deduced. When operating with the optimum orifice area, the effect of the first-order (sinusoidal) gas-to-wall heat transfer, within the pulse tube, is to decrease refrigeration power. A basic (zero orifice area) pulse tube cryocooler is found to provide about 10% of the refrigeration power available from an orifice-type device. It is shown that a two-piston Stirling-cycle cryocooler provides greater refrigeration power than the corresponding conventional pulse tube cryocooler. a B b G Hl K LF M P_ PE p pm Ap R r S T t V X a a p y A,


Objective To evaluate the relationship between carotid arteries ultrasound, dynamic cardiogram and coronary arteriography(CAG). Methods The research object were divided into two groups by CAG;corronary artery disease and normal group. To observe carotid arteies IMT and the results of DCG; compared with the result of the CAG. Results Carotid arteries IMT were increased with the aggravation of the coronary disease (P0.5). Carotid arteries IMT have a significant predicting sensitivity, specifity and Kappa to the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. The results of the DCG have a significant predicting sensitivity, specifity and Kappa to the diagnsis of coronary artery disease. Conclusions carotid arteries ultrasoungraphy and exercise testing are important method to the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.


Double RAM buffer technique is widely used in row-column method to decompose the multidimensional transformation. In this paper, we propose a new approach, named single RAM technique. Base on the accurate arrangement of the location and timing of the input and output data, only a single RAM is used as the reorder buffer. Therefore, approximately half of the memory size is reduced. In addition, a long length DFT processor which can handle 1008-point real-valued DFT with nonstop input sequence is presented to demonstrate the benefits of the single RAM buffer technique. Goertzel Algorithm and CORDIC technique are adopted to realize a two level pipeline linear array for attaining higher speed. Besides, based on the symmetric property of real value DFT, we can compute N-point real-valued DFT with a length-N/2 complex-valued DFT.<<ETX>>


Car Paint Repair Robot, not as same as paint robot which just need to focus on one kind car type,needs to adapt to lots kinds of vehicle curved surfaces and colour. This highly adaptive requirement makes the design of paint repair robot far more difficult in target tracking, path planning, motion space and other aspects than the painting robot in the automotive manufactory. Therefore, based on the 3D point cloud reconstruction of the vehicle, point cloud data is segmenting, and the eight neighbourhood method, the contour of the closed curved surface are extracted. Then the route path is generated on the surface by the slicing method, and the critical path of each surface is built, and the path planning of eight axis linkage is generated by ant colony algorithm. Then a eight-axis truss robot system is designed and manufactured, the generated path and trapezoidal curve acceleration value are sent to Beckhoff motion controller through ADS protocol to drive the linkages and each joint axis. The experimental results show that the system can automatically control the axis of the robot tool to align the arbitrary surface with the normal vector for different vehicles, and drive the eight axes to track the surface motion smoothly. The system design method can also be widely used in robot machining of various surfaces.


A switched capacitor analog memory circuit for capturing fast signals from Cherenkov telescopes is described. A four channel version of the memory with 128 cells in each channel has been integrated in a 0.8 /spl mu/m complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process with poly-to-poly capacitors. The sampling frequency generated on chip is 500 MHz and the readout frequency is 100 kHz. The measured rms cell pedestal variation in a channel after baseline subtraction is less than 10 mV across the full input signal range. The cell-to-cell gain matching is better than 1% rms, and the nonlinearity is less than 1.3% for a 1.5 V input range. The dynamic range of the memory exceeds 8 bits for a 1.5 V input voltage range.


In many parts of West Africa, there is generally an inadequate supply of foods that are rich in nutrients needed by the human body for health and productive life. The purpose of this study is to assess the nutritional content of fruit juices distributed in Sabon Gari, Zaria market; the pH level, sodium chloride equivalent (Salt content), acid content, the total dissolved solids and the electrical conductivity of ten (10) different samples of fruit juices from different companies were found to be adequate in all samples analyzed. Most importantly, these fruit juices were found to contain ascorbic acid (vitamin C) which is a very important antioxidant. Increased productivity, marketing and consumption of healthy fruits and fruits juices was recommended.


A remote measurement system has been constructed for in situ gamma and beta isotopic characterization of highly radioactive nuclear material in hostile environments. A small collimated, planar CdZnTe detector is used for gamma-ray spectroscopy. Spectral resolution of 2% full width at half maximum at 662 kiloelectronvolts has been obtained remotely using rise time compensation and limited pulse shape discrimination, Isotopc measurement of high-energy beta emitters was accomplished with a ruggedized, deeply depleted, surface barrier silicon dictator. The primary function of the remote nuclear screening system is to provide fast qualitative and quantitative isotopic assessment of high-level radioactive material.


In Reply. — The purpose of our Brief Report was to document human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in 1968 and 1969 in the United States in a patient who, as we suggested earlier in 1984, 1 fulfilled the Centers for Disease Control diagnostic criteria for AIDS. We established HIV-1 infection by two specific, highly sensitive independent tests (Western blot and antigen capture immunoassays) and also attempted to eliminate artifacts due to storage through use of appropriate controls. Although it was not our purpose to review suspected AIDS cases in the "pre-AIDS era," we did cite one review of the early literature back to 1902, 2 which antedated and overlapped the report of Huminer et al; the latter was not yet available to us at the time of submission of our article for publication. It is noteworthy that the referenced cases with "positive serological tests for human immunodeficiency virus"


Objective: More research have been carried out to demonstrate that the gene pair consisted by kill cell immunoglob- ulin-like receptor( KIR) and human leukocyte antigen( HLA) played a role in the pathogenesis of many immunologic diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of certain KIR / HLA-C gene pair with Hashimoto's thyroiditis( HT). Methods: For- ty-four HT patients and forty-three randomly matched healthy controls were enrolled to detect the KIR and HLA-C genotypes. The ge- nomic DNA were extracted,followed by four selected KIR genes and eight HLA-C genes were detected,and all of the target genes were determined by a polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primers( PCR-SSP). The four KIR genes were KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2 /3,KIR2DS1 and KIR2DS2 /3,as well as eight HLA-C consisted of HLA-Cw01-08 genes. Then the frequencies of four gene pairs,KIR2DL1 + HLA-C2,KIR2DL2 /3 + HLA-C1,KIR2DS1 + HLA-C2 and KIR2DS2 + HLA-C1,were compared between HT pa- tients and healthy control individuals. Results: The frequency of KIR2DS2 / HLA-C1 gene pair was significantly higher of the patient group than that of the control group( 36. 36% vs 16. 28%,P 0. 05). There were no significant differences in the frequencies of other KIR / HLA-C gene pairs. Conclusion: The increased frequencies of KIR2DS2 and HLA-C1 gene pair might confer to the pathogenesis of HT disease.


A new kind of composite guide has been put forward in the light of existing situation that the shaft furniture is corrided seriously. The guide is composed of steel that is used for steel core and glass fiber reinforced plastic that is used to protect the corrosion of the steel core. The test study of the sheer strength of the interface sticked between steel and glass fiber reinforced plastic in the guide indicates that the shear strength of the interface can meet the needs of mining shaft. The use of the guide will not been restricted because of the shear strength of the interface.


The study aimed at investigating the impact of digital financial services on the financial performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya using secondary dataset generated from the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) and the Communication Authority of Kenya (CAK) for a period of five years (2015-2019). To achieve this objective, the study used a multiple regression and Pearson correlations. The study using the Pearson correlations found negative correlations between mobile money (registered mobile money accounts, active mobile money agents and mobile money deposits and withdrawals), digital payments (P2P transfers) and performance of commercial banks. However, the study found positive and significant relationship between customer deposits, Gross non-performing loans and performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study therefore concludes that digital financial services offered by Fintech companies have a negative impact on the performance of Commercial banks in Kenya and recommends that commercial banks should continuously develop more digital financial services and collaborate more with Fintech companies to improve on their performance. The originality of this study will be of benefit to managers of Commercial banks.

JEL: G21, G23, N27, O30, O31, O39

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SRS, which stands for Sound Retrieval System, is a 3D sound reproduction method that processes signals and retrieves their spatial information lost during the recording or playback process by applying head- related transfer functions. The SRS technique, however, has the problem of causing sharp noise, due to the extreme enhancement of the audible frequency band. This paper suggests a new 3D sound reproduction method that can address this problem. In order to prevent the audible frequency band from being over- enhanced, the algorithm suggested in this paper is designed to automatically restrict gain values calculated by the output ratio of the auditory filter designed after the human auditory system. From the results of computer simulations, it is confirmed that the suggested algorithm effectively prevents the audible frequency band from being over-enhanced, which is a problem of the conventional technique. In addition, it is verified in listening tests that the bass is evaluated to be comparatively inferior to the conventional SRS technique, while the clarity of sound was found to be superior.


The dominant characteristic of the organization of political authority everywhere can be best described as territory-bound: political power is primarily exercised, sought, and opposed within geographically determined areas. The inhabited land surface of our planet has been divided into over 150 sovereign territorial states of various sizes and shapes; furthermore, increasingly larger chunks of oceans and seas-and the air above them-are being fenced off to form exclusive economic domains of the coastal states. As of October 1977 there were 149 member-states of the United Nations; that number, however, included the two nonsovereign federal components of the Soviet Union (Ukraine and Byelorussia); on the other hand, four sovereign states either chose or were forced to stay out of the United Nations (Switzerland, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan).


the vascular erectile bodies on the turbinated.boiies. Boswoith found that cucaine acted only on the venousesnuses, and not on the capillaries. He noticed its effect both on the middle .and inferior turbinated bodies. My observations are confined to the latter. I append brief notes of its action in two cases ; but the effect of cucaine in this respect is so remarkable, that it really needs to, be seen to be believed. CASE I.-E. C., aged 19. On February 18th, an examination of the right side of his nose was made with the electric light and Frankel's speculuni. The inferior turbinated body was considerably swollen. at its anterior part, so that only a slight view of the middle turbinated body could be obtained. The mucous membrane of the inferior appeared red. The anterior part of the inferior turbinated body was painted with a 4 per cent. solution of hydrochlorate of cueaine, by means of a camel's hair brush. After three minutes, the anterior extremity of the inferior turbinated body was decidedly less swollen, and more of the middle body could be seen. A globular prominence was visible on the inner (median) surface of the inferior turbinated body, at some distance from the anterior nares. This swelling was then painted with a 4 per cent. solution of cucaine. Five minutes later, the swelling had become pale and much diminished in size, so that the whole of the lower part of the middle turbinated body (including its inferior border) could be plainly seen. The inner surface of the inferior turbinated body could also be traced backwards to,a great extent. The movements of the palate, during deglutition, were not seen, probably on account of swelling of the posterior extremity of the turbinated bodies, or of a swelling on the right side of the septum, which was seen on posterior rhinoscopy. More than a quarter of an hour later, the inferior turbinated body continued collapsed, and the globular swelling mentioned on its inner surface had almost disappeared. CASE II. -J. M., aged 60. On February 19th, an examination of the right side of the nose was made with reflected sunlight and with Frrankel's speculum. The inferior turbinated body was erected at its lower part, and very red-thus preventing all view of the palatal movements on deglutition, but allowmg a clear view of the middle turbinated body. The inferior turbinated body was painted with a four per cent. solution of hydrochlorate of cucaine, not very freely. After three minutes, it was found rather less swollen at its anterior part. It was painted again freely and deeply with a four per cent. solution of cucaine. Five minutes later, the inferior turbinated body was collapsed so that its inner (median) surface could be traced to a great depth, and the palatal movements during deglutition could be plainly Been through the inferior meatus. It was still red at its anterior extremity. More than half an hour later, the inferior turbinated body remained in the same condition, and the movements ofthe palate could be plainly seen. In another case, as in the first above mentioned, I have observed that the application of cucaine had a blanching effect on the inferior turbinated body. It therefore, contrary to Bosworth's opinion, appears sometimes to act on the capillaries, as well as on the cavernous tissue. The great practical value of this contracting power of cucaine will be fully recognised by those accustomed to practise anterior rhinoscopy. It will render inspection of the nasal cavities easy in many cases in which it woul(d be impossible except by drawing aside the swollen turbinated bodies. It will facilitate operative procedures on the nose; and cucaine, applied to the nasal cavities, will doubtless come into use as a therapeutic measure in cases of undue tendency to erection of the inferior turbinated bodies. Again, it will very probably be of service in cases of hamorrhage from these structures ; and will, if needed, help to settle the diagnosis between hypertrophy of the inferior turbinated bodies and simple erection of their cavernous structures. The anasthetic action of cucaine is now so well known that it needs no confirmation. But I may say that recently, in a highly nervous lady under my care, after two applications of a four per cent. solution, I have removed roots of nasal polypi with the cold wire-snare, and tuuched the same freely with the galvanic cautery, without her experiencing any pain.


There is growing recognition of the adverse effects of body image dissatisfaction (BID) and eating disorder (ED) symptoms on adolescent health. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of ED symptoms, BID, and their relationship in adolescents from public schools in Southern Brazil. A total of 782 schoolchildren (male: n=420, female: n=362); age: 15 ± 0,4 years) answered a self-administrated questionnaire to identify sociodemographic data. Children´s Figure Rating Scale was adopted to identify body image and Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was applied to investigate ED symptoms. Inferential statistics and hierarchical model-controlled logistic regression were used for association between variables. Most of the schoolchildren reported being satisfied with their bodies. However, we observed a higher prevalence of dissatisfaction among girls for being overweight and thinness among boys. Female students and students from schools located in the central area of the city showed higher chances of developing ED symptoms, and the absence of symptoms of ED appeared to act as a protective factor against BID in schoolchildren. Results of this study show the need to reflect on these factors that influence the development of ED and non-acceptance of their own body in a population concerned with their physical appearance.


Resilience of a city can be defined as the capacity of the system to experience shocks while retaining essentially the same function, structure, feedbacks and identity without shifting into a different regime. One of the factors that enhances resilience is diversity. It is therefore of particular interest to develop a measure that can compare the diversity of a city before and after a natural or man-made shock, or that can be used to indicate the difference in diversities of different cities. The paper suggests a possible approach to the problem by firstly elaborating on the concept of diversity and the use of an entropy-based measure for the diversity of a system and secondly by proposing a measure for the degree of difference between two diversities. The deduction of the entropy-based measure is general, and therefore in principle applicable to the study of the diversity of cities as well.


Current approaches within Professional Military Education (PME) and joint doctrine neglect cutting-edge findings regarding key aspects of civil war interventions. PME's and joint doctrine's approaches to civil war dynamics neglect scientifically rich causal stories on violence, insurgent group fragmentation, and third-party intervention used to bring these conflicts to a peaceful conclusion or, at least, reduce the likelihood of violence. After drawing out the principal lessons from current Army War College PME on civil war, I propose a framework for studying civil war that exploits current research and is appropriate for Senior Service College PME. This framework, which outperforms the current Army War College approach, provides one example of blending scholarship and military education on the important topic of civil wars. This paper has implications for PME curriculum and doctrine as it relates to civil wars. Understanding Violence and Insurgency: A Framework for the Study of Civil Wars Current approaches within Professional Military Education (PME) and joint doctrine neglect cutting-edge findings regarding key aspects of civil war interventions. I propose a framework for studying civil war that exploits current research and is appropriate for Senior Service College PME. Contemporary views of the makeup of civil wars disregard root causes of violence, insurgent group formation, and interventions used to bring these conflicts to a peaceful conclusion, or at least reduce the likelihood of violence. Evaluating conflict in simple binary terms like Chechens against Russians; Israelis against Palestinians disregard local actor dynamics that lead to an escalation or perpetuation of violence. The United States misunderstands the depth and complexity of these conflicts at its peril; as we shift from over seventeen years of counter insurgency operations in Iraq and Afghanistan to a more conventional mindset, wars within states are expected to become more common than wars between them. Furthermore, our understanding of this framework dictates the intervention and bargaining policies we make; diplomatic, information, military and economic interventions can have second and third order consequences if we get it wrong. Therefore, we must seek a greater understanding of civil wars at the strategic level to implement policy interventions across the range of the instruments of national power. First, it is important to distinguish between the terms theory and framework; often these terms are used interchangeably, but in this context will describe concepts from the most general to the "most precise set of assumptions used by a scholar." This paper employs Elinor Ostrom's distinction between theory and framework. Ostrom, the 2009 Nobel Laureate for economic science, says a framework "is intended to contain the most general set of variables that an institutional analyst may want to use to 2 examine a diversity of institutional settings including human interactions in an array of environments." Theory, on the other hand, "is used by an analyst to specify which working parts of a framework are considered useful to explain diverse outcomes and how they relate to one another." I will focus on a framework that by Ostrom's definition will "enable scholars to analyze systems that are composed of a cluster of variables, each of which can then be unpacked multiple times depending on the question of immediate interest." Method Although joint doctrine seeks to push planners to discover the interconnectedness between actors and the master cleavage in conflict, it misses the root cause and relationships between local actors and master cleavages. However, the contemporary literature suggests a different set of variables to identify the source of violence and likelihood of civil war. This paper poses several components to incorporate in Senior Service College PME as a framework to study civil war; my method is to aggregate current, cutting-edge work into a framework for security professionals. I follow Rudra Sil and Peter Katzenstein's concept of analytic eclecticism; this approach utilizes existing theoretical designs in contemporary research "to build complex arguments that bear on substantive problems of interest to both scholars and practitioners." This approach offers a practical view of seemingly disparate and unrelated concepts, ignores their complexities and accepts differing points view. Also, rather than taking a traditional narrow research approach, analytic eclecticism takes a sampling of wider research topics providing a closer approximation to real world problem sets. Lastly, in examining these problems "eclectic approaches offer complex causal stories that extricate, translate, and selectively recombine analytic components, 3 most notably, causal mechanisms from explanatory theories, models, and narratives embedded in competing research traditions." Through this lens, a close analysis of civil war as a complex process, actor fragmentation, civilian responses, and external factors push the study of civil war forward and give strategic leaders a basis to determine the likelihood of violence and possible interventions. Several prominent thinkers have argued that military professionals lack appreciation for the socio-political environment in which they operate. This lack of awareness is critical insofar as understanding the social, political environment is requisite for bringing our wars to an end. Most recently, this poor strategic performance has been evident in civil wars in which the United States has been involved, including Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Yemen, and Syria. For example, in Syria, as I write this paper two allies of the United States, Turkey, and Kurdish Rebels, in Syria's civil war are battling each other. To even complicate the situation further, Turkish backed militias fight Kurdish backed militias, who simultaneously fight Syrian regular forces and regimebacked militias. Also, the Los Angeles Times reports militias trained and backed by the Central Intelligence Agency and the Pentagon fight each other over territory, suspicion, ethnic, and religious differences. Syrian, Russian, and Iranian regular forces and militias fight militias backed by the United States. These examples show United States' security professionals narrowly focused political ends fail to consider the constellation of dynamics that lead to violence and the start of new conflicts. Strategy formulation and conflict resolution bargaining cannot begin until the dynamics of these groups is understood.


Whether you are in need of dog kennels, pet supplies, horse feed or more in the College Station, TX area, rely on America's Country Store. Call today!


The paper describes coordination practices of small and medium enterprises (SME) that outsourced parts of their software development to offshore vendors. Our case study in a German company shows that the geographic distribution of knowledge and expertise requires continuous informal coordination across the teams. Such practices can be described as a combination of formal coordination and informal articulation work in the sense of Anselm Strauss' theoretical framework. Both are closely interwoven and connected to the use of media such as coordination tools and instant messengers. We conclude that SME risk losing their core competencies when neglecting articulation work and hint at mismatches between scientific recommendations and actual development practices of SME.


Aim:  The effect of long‐term endurance training on skeletal muscle and myocardial uptake of 99mTc‐sestamibi, a radiopharmaceutical accumulating in the mitochondria, was investigated.


On 4 October 1961, the president of the University of Illinois received a letter from Illinois governor Otto Kerner. In the letter, Governor Kerner asked the flagship institution to study the impact of universities on economic growth, with an eye toward " insur[ing] that Illinois secures a favorable percentage of the highly desirable growth industries that will lead the economy of the future. " 1 In response, the university convened a committee that met for the next eighteen months to discuss the subject. But despite the university's top-ten departments in industrially relevant fields like chemistry, physics, and various kinds of engineering, the committee was somewhat baffled by its mission. 2 How, it asked, could the university contribute to economic growth? Illinois faculty could act as consultants to companies, as they had done for decades. The university could provide additional training for industrial scientists and engineers. Scholars could undertake research on the economy. But, the committee's final report insisted, " certain basic factors are far more important in attracting industry and in plant location decisions, and therefore in stimulating regional economic growth, than the advantages offered by universities. " 3 In 1963, the University of Illinois— like almost every university in the United States— had no way of thinking systematically about its role in the economy. In 1999, thirty-six years later, the university faced a similar request. The Illi-nois Board of Higher Education declared that its number-one goal was to " help Illinois business and industry sustain strong economic growth. " 4 This time, though, the university knew how to respond. It quickly created a Vice President for Economic Development and Corporate Relations and a Board of Trustees Committee on Economic Development. 5 It titled its annual State of the University report " The University of Illinois: Engine of Economic Development. " 6 It expanded its program for patenting and licensing faculty inventions, launched IllinoisVENTURES to provide services to startup companies based on university technologies, and substantially enlarged its research parks in Chicago and Urbana-Champaign. 7 It planned to pour tens of millions of dollars into a Post-Genomics Institute and tens more into the National Center for Supercomput-ing Applications. 8 What changed during this period that caused the university to react so differently to similar situations? That question is the puzzle driving this book. It has become common knowledge, at least on university campuses, that academic science is much more closely …


On the blades of gas turbines and blowers, the vibrating stress superposes on the centrifugal stress which is repeated with the start-stop of machine. This combined stress wave is called the intermittent stress wave, and number of studies have been conducted under this stress wave. However, some unclarified problems are left regarding the intermittent stress fatigue.The present report aims at the fatigue life prediction of a notched specimen made of carbon steel (S35C) under the condition of superposed stress cycles 102-104.The following conclusions were obtained from this experimental study.(1) Miner's rule does not predict the fatigue life under the intermittent stress.(2) The experimental life is a little shorter than the life predicted by the modified Miner's rule.(3) The proposed life prediction method may well predict the crack initiation life by using the interaction coefficient C of 0.2-0.4.


An optical method has been devised to measure velocity in the flow from an arc-heated wind tunnel. This method does not require the knowledge of any flow condition, and it does not interfere with the flow. Velocity measurements have been made in the flow from the University of Southampton arc-heated wind tunnel using this technique. These results have been compared with the results of a Langmuir probe survey made under the same conditions, and it has been found that they lie within the uncertainty of the Langmuir probe data. Refinements to the apparatus are suggested.


Chitin is an insoluble natural polymer, commonly present among crustacean. Fish scales are one of the most common sources of chitin. Chitinase is an enzyme produced by a variety of microorganisms, which can digest the high molecular weight chitin and convert them in to low molecular weight and eco-friendly products. Of 60 soil samples collected from various locations of fish scale waste dumping locations, 28 of them were positive for Pseudomonas species. Of them, 15 strains have been confirmed as P. putida, by 16S rRNA PCR. All the 15 isolates were confirmed as chitinase producers using spot bio assay test on chitin containing media. The maximum chitinase activity was observed at 37 C and pH 5.


Background: Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is a critical element of care for all people with diabetes and those at risk for developing the disease. It is necessary in order to prevent or delay the complications of diabetes and has elements related to lifestyle changes that are also essential for individuals with pre diabetes as part of efforts to prevent the disease. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of diabetes self management education program in improving self-care among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Subjects and Method: A randomized controlled trial study was carried out in 7 puskesmas (community health centers) in Tarakan, North Kalimantan, from March 28 to May 20, 2018. A sample of 126 diabetes patients was selected for this study by simple random sampling, comprising 63 patients as intervention group and 63 patients as control group. The dependent variable was diabetes self-management behavior. The independent variables were diabetes self-management education program (DSME). The data were collected by questionnaire. The difference between two groups was analyzed by t-test.
Results: Self-management behavior in the DSME group (median= 26; SD= 6.62) was better than the control group (median= 21; SD= 4.55) with p<0.001.
Conclusion: Diabetes self-management education program is effective to improve self-management behaviour among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: diabetes self-management education, self-management behavior, type 2 diabetes mellitus patient


We explore the processes to create kinship bonds made by women who adopt in Buenos Aires as single parents. These considerations stem from a broader research, in which we have frequently observed among heterosexual couples meanings and values that intend to reinforce the belonging of the adopted to the new kinship group, without challenging the traditional model of family substitution. However, during the work of interviews with women who have decided to adopt regardless of couple formation, we find that they are often granted older children with more present affective ties. We argue that given these circumstances, sometimes unwanted, single parent adoptions, although not representing an alternative model, may propitiate more flexible and inclusive kinship connections.


Cognitive radio is an important technology developed by the next generation of wireless networks to effectively use limited spectrum resources and meet the rapidly growing demand for wireless applications and services. However, reliability is very important but not well-resolved problem in cognitive wireless networks. In this paper, we focus on the algorithm of interference avoidance in the presence of secondary user with traditional power control capabilities. Using the reinforcement learning algorithm based on proximal policy optimization, and adjusting its own transmit power, secondary user achieves its own quality of service requirements. Through experiments, it is proved that the algorithm used in this paper can not only deal with different secondary user power control strategies, but also show good stability in the changes of wireless environment noise and small amount data of the environment.


Abstract : A series of dynamic tests of both operational and prototype H-60 troop seats was performed to determine occupant protection during a crash event. The H-60A/L, UH-60M, prototype Glatz, and prototype Wolf seats were tested at several impact orientations including Combined Vertical, Pure Vertical and Combined Horizontal, and at different acceleration and energy levels using small female and large male manikins. Biodynamic data were compared to injury criteria recommended by the Army Full Spectrum Crashworthiness (FSC) Report (2011). Data were also compared to Eiband and operational mishap data. The testing and data analysis methodology developed during the program can be used to baseline and compare seats within a given aircraft platform or across different aircraft platforms. Combining quantitative injury criteria measures, such as those outlined within the FSC, along with laboratory and operational mishap data, demonstrate that new seats and seat technology can be quickly and inexpensively tested either singly or in a comparative evaluation, independent of aircraft platforms.


Preventive Maintenance Systems as a rule do not lend themselves to easy evaluation as to effectiveness. No one PM (Preventive Maintenance) scheme has been considered the best or least desirable. The most common and generally accepted system of PM is the periodic interval system or calendar based. However, this system has a number of weaknesses. To overcome some of these shortcomings, the usages based system has certain advantages. Implementation of such a system involves more precise data collection requirements and direct interaction with the process and equipment. It is necessary to make a judgement whether the advantages of such a system outweigh the possible difficulties of implementation. Only a complete evaluation of the operation of the two schemes could develop such an answer. A practical evaluation of the two schemes from a real-world installation would be time consuming and difficult to complete. A simulation model developed around a real-world situation to perform this function would provide the data to adequately evaluate both systems. The simulation model developed in this thesis provided the data to make valid judgement of the merits of one system over the other. The model output data showed significant differences in manpower utilization and equipment performance in favor of the usage based system. It was found by keeping the manhour parameter constant and operating the model in both modes of PM, the data showed up to .6% gain in productivity when the equipment was monitored for the usage based system. For a large operation this represents a significant increase and would justify the establishment of such a program. CHAPTER I BACKGROUND Maintenance Management systems from the simplest to the most complex forms have been applied in all types of industry and service institutions. No one system has been considered the panacea for all to follow. The systems that rely on completely manual record keeping, planning, scheduling and accounting are acceptable if the operation is small. The more advanced systems designed for larger operations employ computers that include maintenance in the "Management Information System". These systems handle not only the record keeping and accounting but provide data that also assists in decision making. These advanced systems of Maintenance Management, however, do not always fully extend to the area of planning and scheduling. In a period of escalating material, services, and labor costs, it is obvious that attention to maintenance costing and cost improvements would appeal to plant managers. The objective is to apply effective management to gain control of the maintenance situation. Any number of possible approaches can be employed. One approach applies the techniques of the management process to develop a maintenance system that fits the needs of each specific operation. The system must be designed and operated within an established budget to verify the overall effectiveness on the operation under control. The systems discussed throughout this thesis exist within categories defined as non-integrated, partially integrated, and fully integrated. The non-integrated system operates with no computer assistance. Under this system record keeping, work initiative and reporting is done manually. The chart illustrated in Figure 1 has been prepared to make a comparison of a non-integrated system with a proposed fully integrated system in every aspect of the management process. The partially integrated system uses a data processing computer to supply record keeping, back up maintenance information, periodic work schedules and performance reports. The fully integrated system utilizes both a data processing computer system and one or more process control computer systems. The process control system is data linked to the data processing system for feedback purposes. In this system maintenance of equipment controlled by the process control computer is enhanced by operational data and performance information supplied to the data processing computer. The fully integrated system contains all the benefits of the partially integrated system plus the ability to perform more timely maintenance services to provide more efficient control of manpower and to collect more accurate equipment operation information. The chart in Figure 1 points out the differences between maintenance systems operated at both ends of the spectrum of sophistication. In actual practice, each new maintenance system must be examined within its operating environment to determine what level of sophistication is required. 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Parallel robot is used in many different fields nowadays,but the singularity of 3-RRUR parallel robot is more complicated,so a method to analyze the singularity of the 3-RRUR parallel robot is very necessary.First,the Jacobian matrix was built based on the differential transform method through the transfer matrixes between the poles.The connection between the position parameters and singularity condition was built through the analysis of the Jacobian matrix.Second,the effect on the singularity from the position parameters was analyzed,and then the singularity condition was confirmed.The effect on the singularity condition from position parameters was displayed by the curved surface charts to provide a basic method for the designing of the parallel robot.With this method,the singularity condition could be got when the length of each link is firmed,so it can be judged that if a group of parameters are appropriate or not,and the method also provides warrant for workspace and path planning of the parallel robot.


Introduction : Study of physiological adaptation in people breathing rarefied air in a cave. Objective : To investigate the arrhythmogenic capacity of rarefied air and changes the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic). To establish cutoff levels beyond which preventive measures must be taken. Method : The study included 25 cavers, monitored by ECG Holter and blood pressure measurements in 2 situations at rest, one outside the cave breathing normal air composition (NA), and the other underground, breathing rarefied air of natural origin (RA) in a confined space (O2: 13.38 ± 1.5% and CO2: 2.23 ± 0.31%). Results : Resting heart rate (NA: 81.9 ± 15.1 beats per minute (bpm) vs. RA: 83.8 ± 17.3 bpm; P ≤ .58). Systolic blood pressure (NA: 130.3 ± 17.2 mmHg vs. RA: 140.2 ± 21.3 mmHg; P ≤ .0003). Diastolic blood pressure (NA: 78.2 ± 11.0 mmHg vs. RA: 85.5 ± 11.2 mmHg; P ≤ .0002). Heart rate variability: RMSSD (NA: 25.9 ± 13.8 ms vs. RA: 36.9 ± 17.8 ms; P ≤ .003), NN50 (NA: 49.0 ± 66.2 bpm vs. RA: 111.7 ± 102.8 bpm; P ≤ .003); pNN50 (NA: 11.3% ± 7.5 vs. RA: 15.9 ± 15.8%; P ≤ .0013). Fourier analysis: TP (NA: 1,759.5 ms2 vs. RA: 2,611.5 ms2; P ≤ .04); HF (NA: 301.5 ± 329.4 ms2 vs. RA: 662.3 ± 762.8 ms2; P ≤ .02). An increase in arrhythmic events is detected when comparing the hour that included test 1 (HNA) in normal air with the hour that included test 2 (HRA) with rarefied air. There is a correlation of arrhythmic events in both situations: (ventricular ectopic beats in RA) = 2.9859 × (ventricular ectopic beats NA) + 1.5622; n = 24; r = 0.814; P <.0001. Conclusions : Exposure to RA at rest for 10 minutes causes a pressor response in systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to normal air (NA). Heart rate variability in a standardised situation and rest shows a parasympathetic response, with increased rMSSD and HF parameters when subjects are subjected to an atmosphere of RA. In RA, the subjects had three times more arrhythmic events when compared to NA.


It is very important to recognise marine biodiversity and to maintain sound ocean ecosystems for long-term and continuous utilisation of the ecosystems services. To ensure this end, ocean environment and ecosystem should be monitored over the long term and a wide range of ocean areas. The purpose of this research is a feasibility study of underwater acoustic observations of marine mammals using a passive acoustic data logger, A-tag. Final goal of this research is to realise the long-term and wide-range monitoring of ocean ecosystems using autonomous underwater gliders, and to evaluate the soundness of ocean ecosystems and environments. This paper deals with underwater acoustic observations of killer whales (Orcinus orca) and analyses of their vocalisation. Underwater passive acoustic observations were conducted at the Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA in the summer of 2013. Direction of vocalisation source was analysed from the time arrival difference between two hydrophones of A-tag. It was demonstrated that the result of acoustic observations of killer whales' vocalisations agreed well with their actual behaviours by visual observations.


Eric Hobsbawn's well-known dictum "The old century has not ended well" captures the amalgam of tragedies and missed opportunities in the twentieth century, and evokes the apparent absence of leftist political alternatives in its aftermath. With the self-styled triumph of liberal democracy, the proliferation of political violence across the globe, the mixed results of the so-called globalization of corporate life, the proclamation of a new international world order, and the political success of consensual politics a la third way, the current predicament is one of losses, at least for anyone with leftist sympathies. Facing such a predicament some critical questions emerge: Are we witnessing the exhaustion of leftist-political alternatives to liberal democracy? What are the possibilities of radical and critical theory at the verge of the twentieth century? Are there any possibilities for a revitalized leftist discourse? For a critical discourse and practice that resists the terms of the formula liberal democracy, as it is nowadays deployed? How does the so-called globalization of corporate and political life converge with the new world order and the new consensuses it portends? With different levels of success, Wendy Brown's Politics Out of History, Susan Buck-Morss's Dreamworld and Catastrophe, and Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri's Empire provide reflections that suggest tentative answers to some of these important questions.


Unlike most other broadcasting organizations, the BBC has managed to fend off identification both with the state and with commerce. The sources of this unusual degree of autonomy are traced back to the era of Lord Reith. But the balance is a precarious one, entailing various `strategies of survival' on the part of the BBC. One such strategy is seen in the careful selection and promotion of a small group of professional broadcasters-announcers, news-readers, presenters. The functional importance of this group has increased dramatically in the last decade as a result of the break-up of the political consensus and the politicization of issues previously regarded as safe.