The prosthodontist encounters increasing problems in the fabrication of a well functioning complete denture over a resorbed edentulous ridge. The objective of this study was to clinically evaluate the efficacy of the soft acrylic denture compared to conventional one when used to restore a severely resorbed ridge. Both quantitative and qualitative parameters were assessed. Quantitative parameters were bite force and chewing efficiency (velocity), which was measured 1 week, 3 and 6 months follow-up period, as well as retention force. This latter was recorded after 6 months. Qualitative parameters included denture fit, tissue condition, denture satisfaction, denture complaint and chewing ability. These parameters were assessed after 1 week and 6 months. Eleven subjects were included in the study. They first received conventional dentures. These latters were then substituted with duplicate dentures processed from soft heat cured acrylic resin materials. Results revealed nonsignificant difference between both types of denture among chewing ability and efficiency of soft food, stability scores, tissue response and satisfaction rate. Chewing efficiency of hard food and bite force showed significant difference in favor to conventional type. Retention force differed significantly in favor to conventional type in mandibular dentures. Conversely, soft acrylic dentures recorded high significant value in maxillary dentures. Morover, they showed higher significant score of complaint among both conventional upper and soft lower dentures. It was concluded that soft acrylic denture had a better retention of the upper denture, good tissue response, acceptable chewing efficiency and ability, moderate stability scores and high rates of patients' satisfaction. Therefore it could solve the problem of severely atrophic ridge especially in maxilla and should be considered a treatment option according to patients' behavior and ridge nature and quality.


Sunderland's classic work on intraneural topography and fascicle distribution within the radial nerve was based on human cadaveric dissection of the nervous system. He identified a discrete bundle of branches in the distal 81 mm of the nerve before its division into the deep radial motor branch (DRMB) and the superficial radial nerve (SRN). The fibers forming the SRN are located in the anterior and anteromedial transverse slice of the nerve, while the remaining section is occupied by the motor fibers that give rise to the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) and the branches supplying the following muscles: brachioradialis, supinator, extensor carpi radialis longus and, usually, brevis (whose branch may arise from the PIN). Radial neuropathies above the elbow can cause a remarkable range of motor and sensory deficits. In a series of 29 patients with traumatic and nontraumatic injuries of the radial nerve, Trojaborg performed clinical and electrodiagnostic evaluations and found that 11 patients had no sensory loss and that there was sparing of the brachioradialis muscle in 5. The most likely explanation for these differences was differential involvement of the fascicles within the radial nerve. Bäumer et al. used 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to image the radial nerves of 19 clinical and electrophysiological cases of posterior interosseous neuropathy syndrome (PINS) and found that PINS can be caused by partial fascicular lesions of the radial nerve trunk above the elbow. However, only patients with abnormal nerve conduction study (NCS) and needle electromyography (EMG) findings in the distribution of the PIN were included. Patients with involvement of more proximal muscles (triceps brachii, brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis) were excluded, and none presented with traumatic lesions. We report a patient with partial traumatic nerve injury that demonstrated neuroanatomical details about fiber distribution within the radial nerve by ultrasonographic and electrodiagnostic integration. 2 | CASE REPORT


It has been suggested that cytarabine (Ara‐C) induces toxicity via mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Therefore, we hypothesized that mitochondrial protective agents and antioxidants can reduce cytarabine‐induced neurotoxicity. For this purpose, 48 male Wistar rats were assigned into eight equal groups include control group, Ara‐C (70 mg/kg, i.p.) group, Ara‐C plus betanin (25 mg/kg, i.p.) group, Ara‐C plus vitamin D (500 U/kg, i.p.) group, Ara‐C plus thymoquinone (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) group, betanin group, vitamin group, and thymoquinone group. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), the concentrations of antioxidants (reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde) biomarkers, mitochondrial toxicity parameters as well as histopathological alteration in brain tissues were measured. Our results demonstrated that Ara‐C exposure significantly declines the brain enzymes activity (AChE and BChE), levels of antioxidant biomarkers (GSH), and mitochondrial functions, but markedly elevate the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA) and mitochondrial toxicity. Almost all of the previously mentioned parameters (especially mitochondrial toxicity) were retrieved by betanin, vitamin D, and thymoquinone compared to Ara‐C group. These findings conclusively indicate that betanin, vitamin D, and thymoquinone administration provide adequate protection against Ara‐C‐induced neurotoxicity through modulations of oxidative, antioxidant activities, and mitochondrial protective (mitoprotective) effects.


A descriptive study of 129 neonates of both sexes, born in the Neonatology Unit of a Public Health Center from Puerto Cabello city, Venezuelan state of Carabobo, was carried out from January, 2012 to June, 2013, in order to detect early newborns with hemoglobin S. In the series the feminine sex prevailed (51.9%). The electrophoresis technique was used and normal hemoglobin (Hb A) was found in 91.5%, as well as electrophoretic patterns of abnormal hemoglobin compatible with Hb S in 8.5%. Of the 11 positive cases, 90.9% corresponded to Hb SA and 9.1% to Hb SS. The detected hemoglobin SA and SS frequency, even when diagnostic results could not be established, represented a warning to implement the early detection, which conducted to a program of early prevention, and to prophylaxis from the first months of life.


An abstract form of modus ponens in a Boolean algebra was suggested in [1]. In this paper we use the general theory of Boolean equations (see e.g. [2]) to obtain a further generalization. For a similar research on Boolean deduction theorems see [3].


1. Variation in species pools can affect plant diversity, but it remains unclear whether the magnitude of the response varies because of resource availability, community invasibility or other environmental factors, and whether colonization along environmental gradients reflects niche‐based species sorting or neutral processes.


This paper proposes a Second-Order Sliding-Mode (SOSM) controller for dc-dc boost converter. The proposed controller is implemented in a simple state-machine structure. A parameter estimation method is proposed to improve the robustness of the dc-dc boost converter under unknown load disturbances. The SOSM controller can achieve a time-optimal dynamic response under unknown load disturbances without requiring the information of load or an integral term. The proposed control approach is verified by experimental results on a 1.5A, 12V prototype.


Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders in elderly people and causes sustained impairment in physical, social and psychological functioning. MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases were searched for potentially relevant articles. We focused on empirical studies and authoritative reviews published after 1990, since most progress in understanding late-life depression. The older person may describe the usual signs and symptoms of depression; however, particularly relevant is cognitive impairment. Distinguishing between cognitive deficits seen in depression and progressive dementing diseases is often difficult clinically. Even, some studies demonstrate that there is a significant relation between old-age depression and subsequent dementia. Moreover, depression causes suffering, family disruptions and increases mortality. Some progresses have been made in characterizing the presentation of late-life depression and in improving its treatment, but it continues to have detrimental consequences. Here we offer a review focus on diagnosis, prevention and management of latelife depression.


IN THE MARCH-APRIL 2008 ISSUE of Military Review, Major Niel Smith and I wrote about the accomplishments of the Soldiers, Marines, Sailors, and Airmen who fought in Ramadi from June 2006 through February 2007. I would like to elaborate on an important point raised in the article: the Al Anbar campaign was a model of joint operational effectiveness. One of the great legacies of the fight for Al Anbar province will be the enduring, mutual respect earned by the various service-members who fought side by side. This respect was nowhere more evident than in Ramadi, where our Army brigade combat team, the 1 st BCT, 1 st Armored Division (Ready First Combat Team), fought under the command of I Marine Expeditionary Force (I MEF). The Ready First was not a pure Army BCT. It contained U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) elements, including a reinforced rifle battalion (initially 3/8 Marines and later 1/6 Marines), two rifle companies from a Marine Expeditionary Unit (2/4 Marines), a riverine patrol unit, an air and naval gunfire liaison platoon, and a civil affairs detachment. The Air Force supported the Ready First with an air liaison team embedded in the BCT. The brigade staff itself was a de facto joint organization-it had Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine officers and NCOs throughout. The electronic warfare officer, a Catholic chaplain, and the head surgeon were all Navy commanders. The civil affairs and public affairs officers were Marines. Outside the brigade, support came from a Marine logistics group and I MEF's air combat element. Numerous other external USMC units, including a platoon from a radio battalion, a postal unit, explosive ordnance disposal teams, fire-fighting teams, air traffic controllers, and military transition teams, also provided support. So did the Navy, in the form of surgical teams and corpsmen, SeaBee battalions, electronic warfare experts, and SEAL platoons from SEAL Teams 3 and 5. The Ready First enjoyed a particularly good working relationship with the Special Forces and other special operations forces in and around Ramadi. Soldiers bestowed the affectionate nickname of "Army SEALs" on the members of SEAL Team 3 in Ramadi who fought and died alongside them. The brigade is particularly proud of its association with SEAL MA2 Mike Monsoor, who while supporting an operation in Ramadi won the Medal of Honor. The Soldiers, Sailors, Marines, and Airmen in Ramadi were deeply grateful for the lifesaving heroics of their Navy doctors and corpsmen. The spiritual aid given by Navy chaplains to all services will never be forgotten. The skill and courage of Marine Corps pilots who attacked targets to assist troops in contact will likewise never fade from memory. In return, the Army's Apache pilots won the respect of Marines and Sailors who, in the mix, also came to rely on Army Paladins for timely and accurate fire support. A command could not have asked for a better higher headquarters. The I MEF staff was dedicated to ensuring that there were no "haves" and "havenots" among the units in Al Anbar. Often, the Army received first priority, ahead of the MEF's own Marines. The MEF commander at the time, Major General Richard C. Zilmer, ensured the Ready First had the resources it needed to fulfill his intent, and he never questioned or second-guessed us, even during the darkest hours. His forbearance demonstrated his trust in, and respect for, the professionalism and competence of the Soldiers under his command. …


Trajectories giving the individual depth variations of lunar dust grains with time are randomly generated by a Monte Carlo code, where the variables are the mass and speed distribution of meteorites at the lunar surface and the geometrical shape of impact craters. A statistical analysis of a great number of such trajectories is then used to define the 'average' depth history of lunar dust grains for two grain radii: 1 and 50 microns. This yields: (1) estimates for time constants involved during the dynamic evolution of the regolith, (2) a model for the layering of the regolith, and (3) a better understanding of the basic dust-grain mechanisms responsible for the formation of the most mature lunar soil samples. The validity of various soil models proposed for the dynamic evolution of the regolith is discussed in terms of experimental constraints on the models.


Route flap caused by link flap in OSPF always lead to network instability and unreliability. Most of the prevailing solutions are network-wide and require all routers to participate in the route flap suppressing process, which not only lack flexibility and scalability but also occupy additional computation resources across the network. In this paper, a localized approach is proposed to suppress the routing flap through dynamically tuning the hello interval of OSPF. To support the real-time adjustment of the hello timer, an analytical model is also established to investigate the relationship between link flap and route flap. Simulation results show that our approach can achieve better performance in eliminating routing flap and at the same time consume much less computation resources than the network-wide method.


Abstract This article presents a review of the literature on initial teacher education for inclusion published from 2000 to 2014. The analysis uncovers a number of aspects of concern to academics, researchers, teacher educators, and policy-makers. Making informed decisions about the design of initial teacher education courses and units of study for inclusion depends upon addressing some fundamental issues (i.e. the legacy of special education, and the challenges faced in different regions) and making a balanced and informed assessment of the value of content-infused, single-unit, and school placement/experience approaches. The article discusses the implications of this literature review's findings for future research.


The present invention relates to a method of block signal (TRj, TRj + 1) in the form of continuous process samples, the method comprising filtering in a subband in the transform domain, in particular for the current block (TRj) of the equalization processing in the transform domain ( T0) and adapted to filter the transform domain adjacent to at least one of the current block (TRj-1), TRj + 1) - the adjustment process.


The scope of the maintenance of international peace and security has been increasingly widened by the United Nations Security Council in response to actions taken not only by the Member States but also in some cases by the individuals. In fact, a range of actions and decisions were taken by the Security Council, approximately in the late 1990s and after the so-called 9/11 attacks in the context of combating terrorism, as well as in other contexts against the member States. In consequence, the affected States and individuals had to seek redress from international or national courts on different grounds such as violations of human rights. This has led the domestic courts to develop novel jurisprudence. Thus, it is necessary to pay due attention to the jurisprudence created by these courts. This paper is devoted to analysis an interpretation by the High Court of Singapore in relation to sanctions resolutions of the Security Council against Iran.


We propose an optimization algorithm based on conjugate gradient method to maximize the complete band gap of 2D photonic crystals. The algorithm is applied to the square lattice with novel unit cells and large band gaps are obtained.


The problem of this study is to determine the relationship of hearing to school achievement. More specifically, the problem is to compare the hard-of-hearing child with the normal hearing child of approximately the same intelligence quotient and similar home background in their academic progress in the elementary school to determine the educational loss due to this specific defect.


The ROSAT, Astro D, and AXAF imaging surveys could detect large numbers of low-luminosity X-ray pulsars (L≤10 -4 ergs s -1 ), undergoing low-state wind accretion in Be/X-ray transient systems, or possibly isolated neutron stars accreting directly from the interstellar medium. If these pulsars were purely thermal emitters with polar cap temperatures T e ∼100(L/10 32 ergs s -1 ) 1/4 (A cap /10 12 cm 2 ) -1/4 eV, only nearby sources could be detected because of strong UV absorption by the intervening H I gas


1. The movement of chromosomes at anaphase was measured in living cells of Tamalia, Protenor and Thelia. The distance between the separating chromosomes plotted against time produces curves which describe accurately the chromosome movement. In embryonic cells and secondary spermatocytes of Tamalia, spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes of Protenor, and a primary spermatocyte of Thelia the curves consist of two S-shaped components separated by a plateau. The second part of the movement coincides with the elongation of the cell.2. In stained sections the length of chromosomal fibers and the spindle was measured at various stages of chromosome separation. A comparison with the data from living cells shows that in the first part of anaphase the chromosomal fibers shorten, i.e., the chromosomes approach the poles. In the second part the spindle elongates and thus produces a further movement of the chromosomes.3. The chromosome movement in the otherwise exceptional anaphase of primary spermatocytes in Tamalia...


First-principles calculations were performed to calculate the electronic structures of low temperature phase (LTP) MnBi (Mn50Bi50) and substitutionally and interstitially Sn-doped MnBi [Mn50Bi25Sn25, (Mn0.5Bi0.5)66.7Sn33.3]. Brillouin function predicts the temperature dependence of saturation magnetization M(T). Sn substitution for Bi in MnBi (Mn50Bi25Sn25) changes the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant (Ku) from −0.202 MJ/m3 (the in-plane magnetization) for LTP MnBi to 1.711 MJ/m3 (the out-of-plane magnetization). In comparison, the Ku remains negative but slightly decreases to −0.043 MJ/m3 when Sn is interstitially doped in MnBi [(Mn0.5Bi0.5)66.7Sn33.3]. The Curie temperature (TC) decreases from 716 K for LTP Mn50Bi50 to 445 K for Mn50Bi25Sn25 and 285 K for (Mn0.5Bi0.5)66.7Sn33.3. Mn50Bi25Sn25 has a lower magnetic moment of 5.034 μB/f.u. but a higher saturation magnetization of 64.2 emu/g than (Mn0.5Bi0.5)66.7Sn33.3 with a magnetic moment of 6.609 μB/f.u. and a saturation magnetization of 48.2 emu/g because the weight and volume of the substitutionally Sn-doped MnBi are smaller than the interstitially Sn-doped MnBi. The low Curie temperature and magnetization for Sn-doped MnBi are attributed to the high concentration of Sn. Thus, future study needs to focus on low Sn-concentrated MnBi.


TECHNOLOGY USE IN BOTSWANA schools is relatively new compared to many other parts of the world. And because of its financial implications, the decision to implement technology had to be weighed against many other pressing needs, such as access to basic education, food and shelter. However, improving the quality of education is one of the country's top priorities, mainly because education has been heavily criticized for failing to better prepare students to work and participate in their society. In 1994, the Revised National Policy on Education (RNPE) was released. It stated that computers should be introduced in Botswana schools to help enhance learning, as well as to help the country in its transition from an agriculturally based economy to an industrial one. The Ministry of Education introduced a computer studies course, which was taken by only a few students because of the limited number of computers. The course was aimed at equipping students with computer skills that would be useful for them outside of school. Computers are also used in different subjects to assist learning. The literature is overwhelmingly positive about the potential of technology to be a powerful tool in strengthening the quality of education and making it more interesting, engaging and, most important, student centered. Research on the effects of technology on student learning is also positive, with studies reporting how technology helps students learn better. The "Teachers and Technology: Making the Connection" report (1995) found many examples of how technology helps learning nationwide. Teachers in the study reported that technology helps motivate students to learn and address other students with different learning styles. The teachers also reported that students on the verge of quitting often find a new interest in school when they work with technology. Students were able to communicate with others outside of their school and bond with students across the globe, as well. The study concludes that these activities cannot easily take place in a normal school day, but are possible with technology and careful guidance from teachers. Computers have also been accepted in schools, since they promise a new dimension to education. Dede (1995) proposes that computers enhance education by providing them more active learning, more varied sensory and conceptual modes, less mental drudgery, learning better tailored to individuals, and better aid to abstraction. Educators and psychologists believe that higher levels of comprehension and reasoning are not acquired through transmitting facts, but through the learner's interaction with content. These beliefs adhere to the theory of constructivism--that knowledge is constructed, not transmitted. According to constructivism, knowledge is constructed in multiple ways, as well as through a variety of tools, resources, experiences and contexts. The constructivist learning theory tells us that the more opportunities we have, and the more actively engaged we are, the richer our understanding. According to the National Council for the Social Studies, an effective way to involve students actively in authentic problem solving or decision making is to incorporate technology into the classroom. In this way, students learn to access and utilize technology, which will assist students as they enter a world where their jobs and personal lives require the acquisition, evaluation and maintenance of information. Exploration Beyond the Classroom Technology can help learners explore the world beyond the classroom by providing access to vast resources and information, scientific inquiry and discovery, as well as allowing students to communicate with experts. According to Forman and Pufall (1988), through technology, students have access to resources that are not available within their physical grasp. These promises encouraged the Botswana government to introduce computer use in schools so that learning improves and some of the problems in education, such as teacher-centered learning, are redressed. …


Circumscriptions of the Australasian tribes Ophiorrhizeae and Pomazoteae (Rubiaceae) as well as their generic relationships and limits have long remained unsettled. These tribes were originally del ...


In the authors' study of 298 treatment-seeking cocaine abusers, 44 (15%) were pathological gamblers, an amount that is lo times the rate of gamblers found in community samples. They compared cocaine abusers diagnosed with pathological gambling with abusers without a gambling disorder on several psychological and social measures. Dually diagnosed addicts were more likely to have had attention deficit disorder and alcoholism and were more likely to be polydrug abusers. These subjects had more legal problems and showed somewhat higher sensation-seeking behavior. Drug treatment programs should be aware of the prevalence of gambling among drug abusers and their greater problems.


The material of the article contains a classification and review of a unique
fund with documents of personal origin, which is permanently stored in the Samara Regional Archive of Socio-Political History (SOGASPI) – the Archival
collection of documents of the Heroes of the Soviet Union during the Great Patriotic War, who lived in the post-war period in Samara-Kuibyshev . Particular
attention is paid to the information component of the fund's documents, which
makes it possible to trace the life and combat path of four veterans of the Great
Patriotic War who received the title of Heroes of the Soviet Union. The documents of the fund were deposited according to the author's and thematic principles of the formation of archival funds. The number, composition and chronological framework of the documents included in the collection have certain differences.


The composition, distribution and significance of fatty acids from Qarhan and Mahai salt lake sediments, Qaiham Basin are reported in this paper. The n-alkanoic acids ranging from Clo to C,, are the most abundant component, which show a bimodal distribution pattern with the major peak at C,, and a much I less prominent maximum at C,. These acids show a striking predominance, especially in the Qxhan sediments. The branched fatty acids (iso, anteiso and isoprenoid fatty acids) are more abundant in Qarhan sediments than those in Mahai sediments. The same case is found in the alkanoic acids which are composed mainly of C : , A and CIS : A monounsaturated acids in both of these two lake sediments and minor of C,, : ,A9.'' dimsaturated acids only in the upper part.6f the Qarhan salt lake core. This indicates that although the autochthonous organic matter are the main source materials in both of these two lakes, the relative contribution of these materials is higher in Qarban sediments than that in Mahai sediments. This is coincident with the relative abundant C9 - C, a, a-diacids, C19 cyclopropanoid acid and 10-0x0-octadecanoic acid in Qarhan sediments compared with those in Mahai sediments.


A previously unknown insertion of carbodiimides into sulfonimides enables the first one-step, two-atom expansion of the saccharin 5-membered ring into a 7-membered benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazepine, and a two-atom chain extension of a non-cyclic sulfonimide. This reaction is enhanced by copper salts, which allow it to be conducted mechanochemically, in a solvent-free manner.


For the multi-degree-of-freedom harmonic disturbance force/moment of the magnetically levitated rotor, a harmonic disturbance/disturbance force suppression method based on the eigenfrequency disturbance observer is proposed in this paper. First, a multi-freedom harmonic disturbance force/moment mechanism analysis is performed and its source is located. Then, a multi-degree-of-freedom eigenfrequency disturbance observer based on an adaptive discriminator is designed for closed-loop identification of the eigenfrequency disturbance forces of the magnetically levitated rotor by controlling its steady speed rotation. Then, the open-loop compensation current of each channel magnetic bearing is solved according to the multi-degree-of-freedom eigenfrequency perturbation observation results, so that the open-loop compensation electromagnetic force/moment and the perturbation force/moment form a balanced force/moment. Finally, tests were conducted on the rotating joint products, and the test results showed that the method can reduce the amount of magnetic levitation rotor levitation control fluctuation by more than 90% and improve the levitation stability by one order of magnitude.


The ecosystem function of water conservation,soil conservation,air purification,CO_2 fixation and O_2(release),tourism of Wuyi Mountain were first evaluated by the methods of opportunity-cost,market price,shadow project price.The result indicated that the annual general forest ecosystem service value in this area amount to 70.4million yuan(RMB)/a,with 22.78 million yuan/a for water conservation,7.6 million yuan/a for soil conservation,17.59million yuan/a for air purification,22 million yuan/a for CO_2 absorption and O_2 release.This kind of evaluation is very important to arouse the consciousness of environment.


Khat is an ancient class C drug substance that is usually consumed for its stimulating effects induced by the intake of psychoactive alkaloids—cathinone and cathine which have been identified as precursors for oral cancer and impotence in men in addition to other health complications. Although khat is legal in Kenya, some countries have outlawed the cultivation, sale and possession of khat as a countermeasure against narcotic and psychotropic substances. The increasing trends in the use of khat among the youth and adults of all races in the world, regardless of its associated dangers, are worrying. This paper seeks to explore the emerging trends on the use of khat and the chemical compounds generated responsible for psychoactive behaviour. Nonetheless, the health implications of repeated khat use and the challenges it poses in the management of the Coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) have been reviewed and reported in this work. Possible toxicological consequences are discussed in detail. A literature search was done by targeting articles published within the period of 2012-2020 in PubMed, Crossref, Google Scholar and Web of Science. The articles were picked if they contained information on khat use, trends in khat use, health effects and Covid-19 management using khat. Various techniques by which khat is consumed including oral chewing, smoking, and sprinkling, bombing and keying were identified and discussed in this work. A range of chemical compounds present in khat and their associated toxicological health impacts linked to khat consumption have been presented from the literature surveyed. Nonetheless, the medicinal aspects of khat use with recommendations from a medical perspective are also discussed. Molecular modelling of selected psychoactive compounds generated from khat smoking is also presented in this study. Results showed that cathinone breaks down to yield benzenyl and 3-aminobuytanyl-2-one radicals that react with hydride and metals to yield carcinogenic benzene molecule and C-centered environmentally persistence free radicals, respectively. Furthermore, the HOMO an LUMO structures for these organic molecules illustrates that they act as nucleophiles that can react with electrophilic unsaturated human bio-molecules such as amino acids and lipids to initiate shifts in pi-electrons and dienophile electrons resulting in gene alterations and mutation. Accordingly, khat chewing can be regarded as a possibly serious practice that may aid in the present spread of SARS-Cov-2-virus and manifestation of other health concerns such as cancer. This study identifies campaigns against khat chewing, cessation and abstinence as strategies against the associated negative health impacts of khat. These findings are important in facilitating policy makers to make informed decisions for control and consummation of khat as a possible narcotic substance.


Autonomous socio-cyber-physical work systems (ASCPWS) are a continuation of the development of production systems capable to respond to the increasingly complex demands of today's market. Such systems are a product of cybernetics autonomous operating system. The introduction of contemporary information and communication technologies (ICT) in the field of production enabled the timely and effective monitoring, control and management of production systems. Such systems enable functional layer developed in the virtual autonomous work system (VAWS). Performance layer of VAWS allows evaluation of the success ASCPWS and possible corrections to improve functionality ASCPWS, and prediction of the future state of the production system.


Urbanization level is an important indicator for measuring the degree of urbanization of a country or region internationally now.There are many methods to evaluate the urbanization level,and each method has its own emphasis.This paper uses intuitionistic fuzzy set to evaluate the level of urbanization of Gansu's cities.From the results we can see that the degree of urbanization is difference of Gansu's cities.And I think that the urbanization of Gansu Province cities should be rational distribution of the spatial structure,coordinated development of urbanization,and achieve comprehensive urbanization.


Kabupaten Bangkalan is a gateway that has been connected Madura island with Surabaya City, the capital city of East Java Province,  through Suramadu bridge. This study investigates the pattern of labor demand in Bangkalan. The pattern of labor demand is very important to be known, especially by Division of Social, Manpower and Transmigration Bangkalan, the authorized which provide guidance and address the labor problems The method used is technically primary data collection through surveys and interviews to the company (employer) in five main districts, namely District of Bangkalan, District of Socah, District of Kamal, District of Labang and District of Burneh. The purpose of this study to know the pattern of demand for labor in Bangkalan so that The Bangkalan Agency of Social, Manpower and Transmigration can use the results of such research in developing planning strategies more better targeted. Based on the survey, in 2016 is expected to increase the labor demand at high school education level who initially was balanced between primary education and highschool education level of workers. Likewise, in 2017 and 2018 was still dominated by the high school education level of workers, followed by undergraduate level. Recommendations from this study is the need for attention and follow-up of the The Bangkalan Agency of Social, Manpower and Transmigration to be able to open a Training Center more in some locations, especially Training Centre at the district level to train the workforce skills at the level of high school education, and implement the Job Fair in order to facilitate labor undergraduate level to get a job.


The theory of high-frequency guided waves in a plasma-loaded waveguide is presented. The formulation is based on kinetic theory. The theory includes the effects of finite electron/ion temperatures and radial gradients in the plasma density and particle temperatures. The inclusion of gradients into the formalism results in three, coupled, second-order, ordinary differential equations in the plasma fields. These equations show a singularity on the plasma axis (r=0); regularization of the field equations at the singular point leads to constraints on the plasma fields that yield the necessary boundary conditions at r=0. Using the vacuum solutions, and the boundary conditions at r=0 and the plasma–vacuum interface, the field equations are solved as a two-point boundary-value problem. The numerical methods used are also discussed. Solutions are presented in the form of dispersion curves (plots of vphase vs ω/Ωe) and radial profiles of the field polarizations for the m=±1 modes near electron cyclotron resonance ...


An interactive system for roof patch reconstruction is introduced in this paper. The reconstruction is based on 3-D linear segments. The concept of interactive approach combines the interpretation ability of human operator and the computation ability of the computer together to increase the successfulness of the reconstruction. To increase the successfulness of the automatic finding of roof corners, a specially designed Point Database is used by the system. The interactive approach is accomplished by human intervention in various steps during the process. Experiments show that the system is very practical.


Objective To explore the operation skills and the suture of cervical wound after cold knife conization.Methods We retrospectively reviewed 52 women who underwent cold knife conization from January 2006 to December 2007,including 32 as the study group with semi-pouch suture on the cervical wound and 20 as the control group with 8-shape suture.The effect,operative time,intraoperative and postoperative blood loss,postoperative hospital staying,polyp and complication rat were compared between the two groups.Results In the study group,the intraoperative blood loss [(50±46) ml vs.(65±35) ml],postoperative hospital staying[(1.2±0.5) d vs.(1.8±0.5) d],postoperative blood loss[(15±15) ml vs.(30±20) ml],postoperative polyp rate(3.12% vs.10%) were less than those of the control group,all P0.05.No significant difference was found of the operative time between the study and control group [(30±10) min vs.(25±15) min].No cervical stenosis,incompetence and other complication was found in the two groups.Conclusions The semi-pouch suture of the cervical wound after cold knife conization will not affect the therapeutic effect,and can achieve better hemostasis,shorten postoperative hospital staying and lower polyp rate.


Abstract We study the two-dimensional Rayleigh–Bénard instability subject to the combined effects of a solid–liquid phase boundary and shear using linear stability theory and energy analysis. We consider two thermal states of the solid (isothermal and conducting), and two types of shear that can arise in different contexts. When the melting temperature is equal to that held at the top boundary, three instability modes can arise with the increase of Reynolds number Re that characterizes the shear intensity: a boundary mode, a mixed boundary–bulk mode and a bulk flow mode. When the melting temperature lies between the top and the bottom boundaries, the introduction of Couette flow, independent of its intensity, always leads to the mixed mode, whereas the instability with Poiseuille flow is dominated by the bulk flow mode once Re exceeds a critical value, below which the mixed mode dominates. The energy analysis suggests that there exist two mechanisms by which the shear flow affects the system: one is by inhibiting the upward heat flux and another is by absorbing energy from the perturbed hydrodynamic field. These two mechanisms can play totally different roles in different cases. Results in the high-Re regime indicate that, when Re exceeds its classical threshold, i.e. Re = 5772.2 for Poiseuille flow, the Tollmien–Schlichting instability will be dominant in the present system.


The manuscript presented by Cagnoli and Piersanti describes an interesting application of the DEM method to a granular flow problem. The estimation of the expected runout distance of granular flows is indeed an important problem in a number of contexts, although the authors might overstate that importance slightly (". . .at the top of the list of the most hazardous natural phenomena.", page 1, line 26). There are, however, a number of issues in the manuscript which are not quite clear to me:


Climate change has both causes and consequences over the activities performed daily at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, hereinafter PUJ. This paper focuses on the first element and presents scenarios to reduce its carbon footprint. It evaluates a case study in the Rafael Arboleda building using an approved methodology by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, where the use of electricity for lighting was analyzed in order to propose energy efficiency alternatives such as the use of LED technology, solar and piezoelectric energy supply. A cost-benefit analysis to generate more income using additional energy produced by the system to supply other activities at the PUJ was done.


Debate about whether the academy functions to indoctrinate students in a liberal agenda frequently presumes a conception of political identity as binary, discrete, or mappable along a single spectrum, and as doxastic, in that it is reducible to one's professed beliefs.  Such an assumption, however, ignores the ways in which power dynamics and hierarchies that exist outside the classroom also operate within it.  We propose here that the critical examination of positionality within the classroom, and of how classroom activities can contest, reinforce, and reconfigure such power dynamics, offers an alternative way of conceiving the political.  We argue that the methods and literature from the academic study of religion offers a particular contribution to make in such a project.


The Internet of Things domain implies a revolutionary change in our environment, new virtual elements are aggregated to the Internet, and these are the "Things". The physical objects are represented as digital data through the sensors measurements which are sent to a gateway and travel along the Internet to any other part of the world, where that data is translated into information and used for the user interest. The users are not only humans, there are systems where the "things" observe, interact, and act on other "things" without human interaction. As the number of entities connected to the Internet grows, the attack surface grows as well. The IoT systems impose new challenges for security requirements identification and depicting, and more motivated attackers appear every day. Nevertheless these facts, the security requirements within IoT systems are reviewed as an after-thought, even when the information handled by those systems is very sensitive in most cases. In this thesis work an approach referred to as IoTsecM is proposed. This proposal is an UML/SysML extension for security requirements modelling within the analysis stage in a waterfall development life cycle in a Model Based Systems Engineering Approach. IoTsecM allows the security requirements representation in two very well-known modelling languages, UML and SysML. With the utilisation of this extension IoT developers are able to take into consideration the security requirements from the analysis stage in the designing process of IoT systems. This means that the proposed approach allows IoT systems to be designed considering possible threats and the corresponding security requirements analysis. IoTsecM demonstrated to be able to depict the security requirements in IoT real-life systems. IoTsecM was applied in two study cases related to autonomous vehicles and mHealth domains, in those systems IoTsecM was able to represent the security requirements identified within the system architecture elements, in both cases all countermeasures identified were depicted with the IoTsecM profile. Therefore, the proposal was validated since the applicability of IoTsecM was demonstrated. The utilisation of IoTsecM in IoT systems, helps to enforce the inclusion and representation in the form of UML/SysML diagrams of security requirements, hence, it is UML/SysML extension which helps developers to include security requirements from the analysis stage to the latest system design in order to obtain the security mechanisms and controls for the whole system.


An automatic data driven blood gas monitoring program, calculated the arterial/Alveolar (a/A) oxygen partial pressure ratio for all (approx. 40,000) arterial blood gas samples drawn between 4/87 and 2/88. Patients with an a/A ratio ≤ 0.2 were examined to determine if they had Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). To determine if ARDS was linked to the inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2), or pressure exposure, a computer exposure monitoring program evaluated each patient's total exposure to FiO2, positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), and peak inspiratory pressure (Peak) from the date of hospital admission until 24 hours after their a/A ratio was ≤ 0.2. of the 6,000 patients originally screened, 372 patients were identified by the program (6.2%), 44 (0.7%) were determined to have ARDS. A comparison of ARDS survivors with non-survivors showed that survivors spent a significantly (p < 0.05) shorter percentage of time on ventilators with FiO2 ≥ 60% (22.2% vs.59.9%), PEEP ≥ 10 cm H2O (25.7% vs.50.1%) and Peak ≥ 55 cm H2O (2.2% vs.7.2%) with no difference in their Acute Physiologic Score (14.5 vs.13.5). These findings suggest that oxygen and pressure exposure are associated with the development of ARDS.


Objective To investigate the effect of dorsal digital island advancement flaps accompanied with digital arteries in reconstruction of finger pulp defect.Methods The study enrolled 36 cases (43 fingers) of pulp soft tissue defect treated from October 2007 to July 2011.There were 25 males (30 fingers) and 1l females(13 fingers),at age of 12-62 years (mean 34.5 years).Causes of injury included crushing in 19 cases (16 fingers),squeezing in 13 (16 fingers) and cutting in 4 (5 fingers).The fingers involved were the index (11),the middle (18),the ring (9),and the little (5).All wounds revealed the exposed bone with defect area ranging from 1.2 cm × 1.0 cm to 2.6 cm × 2.0 cm.Dorsal digital island flaps accompanied with digital artery were used for finger reconstruction and sensation was restored by anastomosing to dorsal branch of digital nerve.Donor sites were closed using skin grafts.Results All flaps survived.Thirty-three cases (39 fingers) were followed up for 5-26 months (mean 14.5 months).The flaps revealed satisfactory appearance,soft texture and good elasticity.The injured fingers were pain-free.Two point discrimination was 5-8 mm (mean 6.7 mm).According to the upper limb function criteria formulated by Hand Surgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association,the results were excellent in 24 fingers,good in 13 fingers,and fair in 2 fingers,with the excellence rate of 95%.Conclusion Dorsal digital advancement island flap vascularized with digital artery is relatively the best for finger pulp coverage,for the procedure is easy and safe,with satisfactory result.

Key words:
Finger injuries;  Surgical flaps;  Reconstruction


The present invention is a modular composition of antique carbon brick, comprising the active charcoal, lime, water, maltose, maltotriose, starch, white sugar composition of the present invention is manufactured, rational design, available on the market with the green brick with ratio, light weight, non-polluting, fashion products with unique cultural taste, as antique brick home decoration with charcoal, pour the font is Baishou word or word Pfaff, both cultural connotation, and decorative landscaping effect, more It is important antique brick with activated charcoal over charcoal as raw material, environmentally friendly energy saving, indoor harmful gas purification, in fact, a new Work in the field of environmental Protection brick building.


The cadmium(II) complexes [CdL1(m-nba)2] (1), [CdL1(p-nba)2]·C2H5OH (2), [CdL2(p-nba)2]·CH3OH (3), and [CdL2(p-nbat)2] (4) containing the ligands L1 and L2 [L1 = 2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine, L2 = bis(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)amine] were synthesized and characterized (m-nba, p-nba, and p-nbat are the anions of p-nitrobenzoic acid, m-nitrobenzoic acid, and p-nitrobenzeneacetic acid, respectively). The complexes were investigated by X-ray single crystal diffraction, elemental analysis as well as IR and fluorescence spectroscopy. Compounds 1–3 contain a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal coordination sphere with CdII coordinated by two carboxylate ligands in bidentate-chelating mode, whereas complex 4 exhibits a distorted octahedral arrangement with one carboxylate ligand in bidentate-chelating and the other in monodentate coordination mode. 1 and 2 form a 1D chain interplayed by hydrogen bonding and strong π–π stacking interactions. 3 and 4 vary from 1D chain into 2D single-layer and double-layer networks because of more extensive hydrogen bonding interactions. The complexes show emission maxima in the blue region in the solid state and emission bands are red-shifted compared to those of the free ligands.


In this paper I outline an attempt to reconcile the traditional Artii-cial Intelligence notion of a logic-based rational agent with the contrary notion of a reactive agent that acts \instinctively" in response to conditions that arise in its environment. For this purpose, I will use the tools of meta-logic programming to deene the observation-thought-action cycle of an agent that combines the ability to perform resource-bounded reasoning, which can be interrupted and resumed any time, with the ability to act when it is necessary.


This paper carries on the irrigation experiment under the deficit irrigation condition-different irrigation times and different irrigation quota,considers irrigation and none irrigation two factors.The experiment has 3 treatments,27 experiment plots in order to research moisture content utilization index and the efficiency of water production of spring wheat.The result indicates that soil water and irrigation water is beyond 80% in growing period to spring wheat yield,and the precipitation and soil water can not be ignore to the wheat yield.Thereby it reveals and assesses the value of precipitation,irrigation water and soil water.In arid condition,the high moisture content utilization ratio is under the risk of decreasing yield,in practice,we should combine with the other factors to optimize and utilize.


Most commercial and university substrate testing laboratories' recommended fl oriculture nutritional values are based on the saturated media extract (SME) method. With the recent gain in popularity of pour-through nutritional monitoring, alternative recommended values are needed for nutrient analyses based on pour-through extracts. Pour-through nutritional values were compared to the SME values to develop calibration curves and recommended nutritional values. Euphorbia pulcherrima 'Freedom Red' Willd. ex Klotzch. were grown for two consecutive growing seasons in 16.5 cm plastic pots with Fafard 4 P root substrate and fertigated with 200, 300, or 400 mg·L -1 N from a 13N-0.88P-10.8K fertilizer. Linear relationships existed and inverse calibration curves for pour-through and SME comparisons were developed for (r 2 ): EC (0.98), NO 3 - (0.98), P (0.97 to 0.99), K (0.99), Ca (0.94 to 0.97), and Mg (0.91). In addition, recommended pour-through substrate value ranges were developed for comparison with SME values. The established calibration curves and pour-through substrate value ranges will allow substrate-testing laboratories to make nutritional recommendations based on pour-through extractions. Pour-through was introduced as a quick and simple method to analyze potted-plant pH and electrical conductivity (EC) on-site (Wright, 1986; Wright et al., 1990; Yeager et al., 1983). Pour-through extraction occurs by the displace- ment of the bulk solution by distilled water poured over the top of a substrate as a means to obtain a nutrient sample. This method has been widely accepted by researchers and producers of woody ornamentals for approximately 20 years (Ruter, 1992; Wright, 1986; Yeager and Wright, 1981, 1982; Yeager et al., 1983). However, the greenhouse industry has been reluctant to accept this method until recent promotion at grower conferences and scientifi c meetings (D. Bailey, personal communication). A possible reason for lack of acceptance may be that producers are already using a simple 2 water : 1 substrate (by volume) dilution slurry for on-site pH and EC testing. However, the 2:1 slurry does not generally provide a sample that is suitable for complete nutritional analysis due to the diluted nature of the substrate sample and inconvenience of shipping a slurry to a commercial or university laboratory. A pour- through extract has the advantage that it can be easily shipped to a commercial or university laboratory in a sealed container and since the substrate solution is unadulterated, it can be a preferred testing medium for plant available nutrients (Burd and Martin, 1923). The ability to use a single testing method for on-site pH and EC analysis and to provide a sample to commercial or university laboratories would be advantageous to producers. Advantages would include the nondestructive nature of the test, the simple sample collection, and a single set of nutritional standard values to monitor crop performance. A limitation for pour-through acceptance has also been the lack of standard nutrient values to interpret proper nutrient concentrations in the substrate solution. Previous researchers have noted that pour-through or leachate samples and


ABSTRACT Introduction. Initial morphometric investigations into the differences between Leucobryum glaucum (Hedw.) Ångstr. and L. juniperoideum (Brid.) Müll.Hal. in Britain showed that some populations could not be clearly assigned to either species. An intensive morphological and molecular study was therefore undertaken to understand the diagnostic characters of the European species of the genus, including L. albidum (Brid. ex P.Beauv.) Lindb., whose reported presence in Europe was surrounded by uncertainty. There has been little agreement among previous authors on the relative taxonomic importance of the different morphological characters, or on their metrics. Methods. Molecular sequencing using nuclear and chloroplast markers, in conjunction with previously accessioned data, allowed judgement of the taxonomic importance of various methods for morphological discrimination. These methods included both existing published techniques and newly discovered diagnostic characters. This integrated process was cyclical, the morphological analysis being directed and confirmed by the sequencing of selected specimens. Results and discussion. Data are presented demonstrating the correlation between molecular identification and certain morphological characters in the three European species of Leucobryum. Leucobryum albidum is confirmed as a locally frequent member of the British flora and it is also shown to be present in Ireland and western part of continental Europe. Leucocyst pore morphology is described and its value as a diagnostic character is discussed. An identification key is provided for the three species. Plants from two sites are shown to have a discordance between nuclear and plastid molecular markers and we consider the possibility that horizontal gene transfer could explain the observed patterns.


The radial variability of fiber conformation in 5 13-year-old E.urophylla×E.grandis trees was studied.The microscopic structure of their wood was observed in transverse sections;and their fiber length,width,wall thickness and ratio of fiber length versus width were measured after maceration.Results show that E.urophylla×E.grandis belongs to diffuse-porous wood and its fiber conformation has an increasing trend which shows obvious internal and a little in-between variation,and that there exists little difference between trees: the average fiber length is 0.73~1.01 mm,the wall thickness 4.36~5.09 μm and the ratio of fiber length versus width 42~51.Evaluated from the fiber conformation,E.urophylla×E.grandis can meet the demands of fiber material and is suitable for paper industry.


SUMMARY Crowding is one of the causes of class I malocclusion. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between arch length, arch width and arch perimeter in crowded and non-crowded arches, as well as to made comparison of the right and left sides between them and to find out the contributing factor in lower arch crowding. The study groups consisted of 60 subjects aged 16 to 21 years. First group consisted of 30 pairs of dental study models with class I normal occlusion. The second group consisted of 30 pairs of study models with class I crowding. Measurements of arch length and width were made as defined by Lavelle and Foster, using Korkhaus callipers. Arch perimeter was measured by Lundstrom method's using manual calliper with sharp points. Differences between these measurements were made by Mann-Whitney U test (Z/U). According to our study, the arch length and arch perimeter were not associated factors in contribution to lower arch crowding. In association of contributed factors on the lower arch crowding, we could mention the width of the arch, because the differences between the two groups was significantly different.


The designation, chemical formula and cost of 175 technically important crystallohydrates of inorganic salts are listed. To select crystallohydrates suitable for long-term solar energy storage, special technical and economic criterion are worked out. 36 more long-term crystallohydrates are chosen from the list using this criterion.


Three different types of runway hydroplaning (viscous hydroplaning, reverted rubber hydroplaning, and dynamic hydroplaning) are described, and means of reducing such problems are suggested. It has been found that transverse grooving tends to reduce the amount of time in which any type of hydroplaning can occur. Comparative tests have shown that the grooving tends to produce more uniform friction than ungrooved surfaces. The greater the cross-sectional area of the groove, the more water it can hold before overflowing. Grooves which are too wide, however, will trap debris. Grooves 1/4 inch deep, spaced one inch between centers give maximum traction. The overall effect of runway grooving is to permit a wet runway to approach the braking capability of a dry runway. The cost of grooving existing runways is discussed.


Sensing the surroundings and processing the sensed data in a timely manner are critical as part of the perception process of autonomous vehicles that are getting closer to reality. This paper addresses the issues of managing the data streams generated from a variety of sensors embedded in a vehicle. To do so, we first adopt the real-time database structure that provides the clear programming abstraction over time-varying heterogeneous sensor data, and then exploit deep reinforcement learning (DRL) that can deal with highly dynamic data updates with underlying system restrictions such as limited in-vehicle network bandwidth. The experiments demonstrate that our DRL-based approach performs steadily against rapidly changing data and is able to efficiently suppress unnecessary data updates.


. This article discusses more deeply and presents an exploration of the study of Ismail Raji al-Faruqi with his knowledge of the Islamization paradigm. This exploration is important considering that there are assessments that have not positioned al-Faruqi proportionally, for example al-Faruqi's ideas are considered as a general characteristic of religious fundamentalism, or as a representation of a marginal culture. The main problem to be answered is whether the idea of the Islamization of knowledge is a pure scientific project or is it only a theological response of religious fundamentalism? As a literature study, this article conducts an in-depth study of al-Faruqi's work, especially on the Islamization of knowledge. As for analyzing it, I use theories of knowledge paradigms or theories about the basics of knowledge. The research findings show that although it has religious content, al-Faruqi's idea of the Islamization of knowledge cannot be categorized as a representation of theological expression of religious fundamentalism. In contrast, al-Faruqi has academically designed a notion of knowledge as a critique of previous knowledge. In constructing his knowledge, al-Faruqi has fulfilled philosophical stages such as determining the object of study as the basis of his ontological study, and determining the framework of study as his epistemological basis. However, al-Faruqi's efforts still require follow-up from later scientists so that the idea of the Islamization of knowledge is truly realized to


Congenital brain tumours constitute 0.5–4% of all paediatric brain tumours (Manoranjan and Provias 2011). Although they are not easily diagnosed before birth, the detection rate has been increasing due to prenatal screening tests. The congenital brain tumour incidence is 1.1–3.6 in every 100,000 live births, consisting of teratomas, astrocytomas, primitive neuroectodermal tumours, choroid plexus papillomas and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) (Shimamura et al. 2003). Congenital GBMs are the rarest of the congenital brain tumours (Brown et al. 1997). Infants with these tumours may be stillborn or exhibit a tendency towards bleeding and haemorrhage in their first week of life (Manish et al. 2007). The majority of congenital GBMs are located in the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellopontine angle and the cerebellar hemispheres (Nakayama and Nakamura 2002). During the postnatal period, these patients may present with macrocrania, intracranial pressure symptoms, hydrocephaly and haemorrhage (Podskalny et al. 1993).


We study the degree of falsifiability of theories of choice. A theory is easy to falsify if relatively small data sets are enough to guarantee that the theory can be falsified: the Vapnik–Chervonenkis (VC) dimension of a theory is the largest sample size for which the theory is "never falsifiable." VC dimension is motivated strategically. We consider a model with a strategic proponent of a theory and a skeptical consumer, or user, of theories. The former presents experimental evidence in favor of the theory; the latter may doubt whether the experiment could ever have falsified the theory.We focus on decision‐making under uncertainty, considering the central models of expected utility, Choquet expected utility, and max–min expected utility models. We show that expected utility has VC dimension that grows linearly with the number of states, while that of Choquet expected utility grows exponentially. The max–min expected utility model has infinite VC dimension when there are at least three states of the world. In consequence, expected utility is easily falsified, while the more flexible Choquet and max–min expected utility are hard to falsify. Finally, as VC dimension and statistical estimation are related, we study the implications of our results for machine learning approaches to preference recovery.


PURPOSE: An apparatus and a method for inputting an alphabet in a key pad are provided to input easily an alphabet in a key pad by compositing efficiently the key pad of a small number such as a telephone number key pad. CONSTITUTION: An alphabet is inputted in a key pad by using a repeated selection method. An identical continuous typing delay time and a different continuous typing delay time are differently set up when the alphabet is inputted repeatedly in the key pad. The identical continuous typing delay time is to recognize the second input alphabet when an identical button is inputted twice in the key pad. The different continuous typing delay time is to recognize the first input alphabet when the identical button is inputted twice in the key pad. The alphabet is divided into arbitrary groups. The divided groups are assigned to arbitrary buttons of the key pad. A predetermined relationship is formed between representative alphabets and succeeding alphabets of each group.


Both "ethics" "morality" are key concepts in ethics or moral philosophy,But the two concepts are in long confusion,in which ethics and moral education become speech stammer.The two concepts are compared from three dimensions in this thesis: from Chinese language culture;from English culture;from Chinese culture and western culture.The conclusions are that the contemporary concept of ethics embodies properties of rationality,sciences public will and so on,and the concept of morality includes more flavour of sentiments,humanities and individual training and so on,nowadays there is significant linguistic culture borderline between "ethics" and "morality" after exclusive,competition and amalgamation from each other.Namely,the "ethics" is higher concept than the "morality".They cannot replace each other in academic horizon.


In most states, drivers are taxed by the amount of gasoline they pump into the tanks of their vehicles. Recently, new technology has allowed some state highway agencies (SHAs) to actually count how many miles cars travel and charge different rates based on where those miles have been driven, thus allowing states to tax motorists based on exactly how much they use certain roads. This is an important innovation as the gas tax--the nation's main tool to finance highways--is in a crisis. The purchasing power of the gasoline tax continues to erode with inflation (its been over a decade since most states have increased their fuel taxes) making it more and more difficult for states to pay for new roads or maintain existing ones. This article discusses possible ways to resolve the structural financing problems facing SHAs today, focusing on solutions such as letting the private sector build roads and charge tolls on them or using more technologically sophisticated methods to calculate the gas tax.


Shagou vein-type Ag-Pb-Zn ore deposit in the south margin of North China Craton is mainly composed of polymetallic sulphide ore type and quartz-carbonate-sericite replacement ore type. The main Shagou vein presents a paragenesis that can be divided into four stages:An early quartz-pyrite stage (Ⅰ) prior to polymetallic mineralization,a sphalerite-quartz-galena-minor silver minerals polymetallic stage (Ⅱ1),a galena-quartz-sphalerite-silver minerals polymetallic stage (Ⅱ2),and a calcite-(quartz) stage (Ⅲ) after polymetallic mineralization. The three phase (LVH) fluid inclusions (Ⅰ1) have been interpreted as the product of direct exsolution of a crystallizing magma or sudden decompression of the fluid exsolved by the magma,which indicates a possible magmatic fluid endpoint in the study area. Combined with melting temperature and inclusions composition determined by Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer,liquid-rich inclusions and minor 3-phase H2O-CO2 rich inclusions trapped in polymetallic stages (Ⅱ1Ⅱ2) show that the ore forming fluid is a CO2 bearing H2O-NaCl system with a lower temperature. The fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures (145~288℃,194℃ in average) of stage (Ⅱ2) are lower 46℃ than the homogenization temperatures (185~357℃,240℃ in average) of stage (Ⅱ1),while the salinities (1.91%~10.86%,6.38% in average) of stage (Ⅱ2) is slightly lower than the salinities (4.65%~10.11%,7.77% in average) of stage (Ⅱ1). The systematic decreases in temperatures and salinities suggest a possible mixing with meteoric water,which is further supported by continuing cooling (homogenize at temperatures between 129~208℃,with an average of 165℃) and dilution (with a salinities of 1.40%~4.03%,2.50% in average) of calcite-(quartz) stage (Ⅲ). Decreases in salinity and temperature as result of the potential fluid mixing are supposed to have played an important role in triggering the precipitation of ore minerals from the hydrothermal solution.


Vocabulary is very important to language, just like bricks to buildings. Without words, language has no meaning at all. The research on vocabulary acquisition and teaching has a history of thousands of years, however, teachers are still facing a huge challenge now, that is how to help students acquire the words quickly and effectively. This paper puts forward cognitive teaching strategy which has a new approach into vocabulary teaching. The new branch is based on embodied philosophy and it tries to interpret the lexical phenomenon with the theory of cognitive linguistics. According to the cognitive vocabulary learning strategy and teaching practice, the author proposes a cognitive vocabulary teaching strategy which is a great help for English teachers and vocabulary teaching. Keywords—English vocabulary; cognitive linguistics; teaching


India is the world's largest producer of castor oil, producing over 75% of the total world's supply. Castor oil is unique owing to its exceptional diversity of applications. The oil and its derivatives are used in over 100 different applications in diverse industries such as paints, lubricants, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, paper, rubber and more. Castor oil is possibly the plant oil industry's most underappreciated asset. This study is conducted in Salem and Namakkal district to find out the price spread among the marketing channels as well as the marketing efficiency of various marketing channels in the castor crop. Random sampling method was adopted for the study where the primary data has been collected from 100 castor farmers. Among the three marketing channels, the value chain III, namely Farmer – Processors (Oil Millers) - Retailers – Consumers was the most efficient value chain because it had the highest value chain efficiency 2.57 because it had fewer intermediaries than the other value chains.


The ratio of auroral [N I] (²D3/2, 5/20 → 4S3/20) 5198.5 A to 5200.7 A emissions at Svalbard (Λ=75°N) is found to vary between 1.56±0.06 and 1.20±0.08. The observed variations can be explained if quenching of N(²Dj0) by atomic oxygen is constrained by the conservation of total angular momentum as follows: N(²D3/20) + O(³P2,1,0) → N(4S3/20) + O(³P2,1,0); N(²D5/20) + O(³P1,0) → N(4S3/20) + O(³P2,1). The ratio ΣJ=0¹ n(O(³PJ))/ΣJ=0² n(O(³PJ)) in the atmosphere, which affects steady state populations of N(²D3/20) and N(²D5/20) through the above quenching reactions, depends on kinetic temperature; the latter varies with atmospheric height. Consequently, the ratio of the steady state populations of N(²D3/20) and N(²D5/20) and hence the intensity ratio I(5198.5 A)/I(5200.7 A) would vary in an aurora as changes in particle characteristic energy lead to auroral emissions from different heights in the atmosphere. We have calculated the ratio of the volume emission rates of 5198.5 A and 5200.7 A lines over the altitude range 100–350 km, taking into account the quenching effects of O, O2, and e interacting with N(²DJ0), the variation in [O(³P1,0)]/[O(³P2,1,0)] with height and the radiative transitions of N(²DJ0). This ratio decreases from 1.5 at 100 km to around 1.1 at 250 km and then increases to 1.45 at 350 km.


In this article, the authors consider the features and directions of the development and application of digital platforms for the analysis of applied data in the economy in general, and industry in particular. The subject of the research is information and communication platforms, which are used for applied analysis of big data, cloud computing.


The initial mass function of the first, Population III (Pop III), stars plays a vital role in shaping galaxy formation and evolution in the early Universe. One key remaining issue is the final fate of secondary protostars formed in the accretion disc, specifically whether they merge or survive. We perform a suite of hydrodynamic simulations of the complex interplay between fragmentation, protostellar accretion, and merging inside dark matter minihaloes. Instead of the traditional sink particle method, we employ a stiff equation of state approach, so that we can more robustly ascertain the viscous transport inside the disc. The simulations show inside-out fragmentation because the gas collapses faster in the central region. Fragments migrate on the viscous timescale, over which angular momentum is lost, enabling them to move towards the disc centre, where merging with the primary protostar can occur. This process depends on the fragmentation scale, such that there is a maximum scale of $(1 - 5) \times 10^4$ au, inside which fragments can migrate to the primary protostar. Viscous transport is active until radiative feedback from the primary protostar destroys the accretion disc. The final mass spectrum and multiplicity thus crucially depends on the effect of viscosity in the disc. The entire disc is subjected to efficient viscous transport in the primordial case with viscous parameter $\alpha \le 1$. An important aspect of this question is the survival probability of Pop III binary systems, possible gravitational wave sources to be probed with the Advanced LIGO detectors.


This paper focuses on dictionary use among translators and presents the results of a pilot study into translators' use of language resources when solving language problems. The paper first provides an overview of related work in this field and continues by presenting the results of a pilot study into translators' use of language resources when solving language problems. By analysing a number of discussions in Prevajalci, na pomoč!, a dedicated, self-managed Facebook group for Slovene translators aimed at solving translation problems, a taxonomy of typical language problem scenarios is developed. Through an analysis of the problems encountered by translators and their suggested solutions, two aspects are established: the areas in which problems occur and the ways the solutions are reached. This analysis is followed by the final segment, which discusses the suitability of the proposed method and the degree to which this approach yields results that are of use for the compilation of monolingual dictionaries, as well as for lexicographical user research.


The situation wherein Australian women who wish to have children are disadvantaged in employment prospects is discussed. The Government's deferred Paid Parental Leave (PPL) scheme, aimed at giving paid leave to working women while having a child, seems unlikely to do them any good as small businesses which would see increased costs due to the scheme would avoid employing such women.


The salinity of the soil and irrigation water is one of the great challenges of agriculture. Salinity can have harmful effects on physiological processes and plant growth, including Tropaeolum majus L. (Tropaeolaceae). The application of phytohormones can be a strategy to mitigate these effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, cytokinin and polyamine as
attenuators of salt stress in T. majus. Three levels of salt stress were used: 0 mM NaCl (no stress), 50 mM NaCl (moderate stress) and 100 mM NaCl (severe stress). Four phytohormones and a control treatment were
used: control (deionized water), jasmonic acid (200 µM), salicylic acid
(2 mM), cytokinin (6-benzylaminopurine – 10 µM) and polyamine (spermine
– 1 mM). Growth and gas exchange parameters were evaluated. Applied in conditions of moderate salt stress, all the phytohormones were efficient
in improving plant height and leaf area (except salicylic acid); cytokinin and polyamine improved the number of flowers as well as gs, A and iCE; jasmonic acid improved the stem dry mass and total dry mass. In
relation to severe salt stress, applications of jasmonic acid and polyamine were efficient in improving plant height; cytokinin improved leaf dry mass as well as gs, A, E, WUE, iWUE and iCE. The application of
cytokinin, polyamine and jasmonic acid can be used to mitigate moderate
salt stress in T. majus.


In the paper, we extend and apply the 2D local entropy method (2DLEM) used for signal time-frequency repre-sentation to useful content extraction from noisy speech signals. In our previous work, we presented the 2D local entropy method (2DLEM) and tested it on synthetic signals and a small number of real-world signals. We now extend the application of our method by applying it to recorded speech signals combined with noise from different sources. The database we used is commonly used in speech recognition, where tested methods usually have the best result achieved on clean signals without added noise or on denoised signals. The 2DLEM method is used for the extraction of useful content, and in this paper, we test it in real-world scenarios. Our results show promising results for all tested signals regardless of the noise source or signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Combining the 2DLEM method with speech recognition methods could improve the performance of speech recognition and understanding systems.


Objective In order to study the anthelmintic resistance of Trichostrongylidae nematodes in the parts of Inner Mongolia.Methods The larval development assay was used to detect the anthelmintic resistance of Trichostrongylidae nematodes.Results The LD_(50) average values of ivermectin and albendazole were 0.0 039 μg/mL and 0.0 052 μg/mL,the largest values were 0.0 055 μg/mL and 0.0 085 μg/mL respectively in Tuyouqi;and the LD_(50) average values were 0.0 034 μg/mL and 0.0 036 μg/mL,the largest values is 0.0078 μg/mL and 0.011 μg/mL in Daqi.The albendazole largest LD_(50) values of two districts were obviously lower compared with the benzimidazoles LD_(50) value of the resistance strain in Ningxia.Conclusion It indicated that the detected trichostrongylidae nematodes had not got a resistance to above anthelmintics in those districts of Inner Mongolia.


Several properties of ATPase bound to the inner membrane of a psychrophilic marine bacterium Vibrio sp. strain ABE-1 were examined. The membrane-bound ATPase had two optimal peaks of the activity at pH 5.8 and 7.3. The ATPase activity was strongly inhibited by N,N'- dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) and NaN3 at pH 5.8 and 8.0, and stimulated by MgCl2 and CaCl2 at pH 8.0. At pH 8.0, the enzyme hydrolyzed GTP and ITP as well as ATP but not AMP or p-nitrophenylphosphate. CTP, UTP, and ADP were poor substrates. These characteristics indicate that there is a F0F1-type ATPase in the inner membrane of this bacterium. In addition, the ATPase activity was also significantly inhibited by Na3 Vo4, suggesting the coexistence of a P-type ATPase as a minor constituent. The membrane-bound ATPase activity was maximum at 50°C, but the strong DCCD-sensitivity observed at 20°C was greatly reduced at this temperature.


Abstract : Four topics in wind analysis are briefly discussed. Research endeavors to treat the vertical variation of the wind profile as an entity considering simultaneous occurrences of the wind vector are described. This new approach, the so-called characteristics method, exhibits ad vantages over other methods. Profiles with maximum speed values in the frequency distribution of height levels are analyzed and two major types are discussed. Preliminary results of the investigation of the wind shear parameters as a function of the scale of distance delineate the deficiency of deriving shear parameters from smooth radiosonde records. The final topic deals with the analysis of the turbulence parameters, and the separation of the wind profile from missile flight recordings into stationary and nonstationary parts.


This meta-study draws upon contemporary literature to examine parameters of thermal reservoirs and their relationships to geothermal power station output metrics. The objectives of the meta-study are to identify trends and quantify the influence of each parameter on the system as a whole. This study provides a framework for industry and researchers exploring new potential geothermal fields. Six reservoir parameters – well depth, temperature, enthalpy, mass flow rate, thermal gradient and crust thickness – were plotted against the net electrical output per production well (Enet/well) and exergy efficiency (ηB) of 64 geothermal facilities. The meta-study identified that reservoir temperature has the greatest proportionality to power output, with yields above 10MWe exhibited only for high enthalpy reservoirs exceeding 500K. Well depth has the greatest inverse proportionality to exergy efficiency, with upper limit values declining below 80% for wells deeper than 3000m. Well depth has a similar trend line, though lesser correlation, as reservoir temperature to power output. Crust thickness has an inverse correlation to exergy efficiency, with upper limit values dropping from 100% to 65% as thickness increased from 30 to 45km. There was significant clustering of data points in most trendless plots, suggesting a considerable degree of homogeneity between currently tapped reservoirs and turbine efficiencies. The low number of well-defined data trends implies a high degree of complexity arising from the relationships between reservoir parameters that make quantification problematic. Despite this difficulty, examination of the aforementioned parameters suggests that although hotter reservoirs are usually found at greater depths, the hottest and shallowest reservoirs should be prioritized for use in order to return maximal power outputs and reduce exergy losses that occur along large lengths of piping.


Along with the degree of opening to the outside world and accelerating of industrialization,the improvement of the degree of competitiveness in the market has been increasingly strengthened.In this manner,Henan should increase the overall strength of the construction industry and market competitiveness,accelerate the reform and development of the construction industry.However,in many aspects of the construction industry in the province,there is a distinct gap between the advanced provinces,such as irrational industrial structure,low degree of industrial concentration,low technological content of the construction team,the less cost-effective.Hence,we need to adopt the following strategy : the construction industry is clearly the guiding ideology and main objectives;Implementation of the "going out" strategy,"Brand" strategy,"Diversified Business" Strategy,"to enhance the management capacity strategy","technology enterprise" strategy,"talent flourishes enterprise" strategy,"Cultural promoting enterprise" strategy and "excellent project" strategy,in the construction industry in order to achieve a big change from a big construction province to a strong constructionprovince.


This study aims to determine and analyze the responsibilities of parents in employingchildren as beggars and to determine the purpose of Islamic law and civil law on parentalresponsibilities. The type of research used is empirical research, namely research that includes legalidentification and research on legal effectiveness. The results of the study show that the basis ofparental responsibility in employing children as beggars in Gorontalo City is an error in the soul ofparents concerning their behavior in this case employing children as beggars who can be sanctioned.Based on his psyche, the perpetrator can be reproached because of his behavior, in other words, onlywith this inner connection can the prohibited act be held accountable for the parents who employtheir children as beggars. In Islam, the law of begging has been explained that the law is not allowed.What is recommended is that it is better to give each other the hand above than the hand below.Keywords: Parents Responsibility, Child Labour, Beggar


Background: Small- and medium- sized businesses have during a long time had difficulties in raising long-term funding from external financiers, a reason for this is that these companies may have more information about their own business than the bank has. One way to reduce this problem is to hire a certified public auditor or a certified accounting consultant. Much has changed in recent years in the accounting profession. Mandatory audit has been abolished for small- and medium-sized businesses, which has led to major changes. Auditors are now not mandatory for these companies, which opens up the market for accounting consultant´s. The certified accounting consultant´s role has become more extensive. The auditor and the accounting consultant's roles will converge more and more in the future. Problem: What is the importance of certified public auditors compared to certified accounting consultant´s for the banks when granting loans to small- and medium- sized businesses in Sweden? Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe from the bank's perspective the importance of certified p ublic auditors compared to certified accounting consultant´s when granting loans to small- and medium- sized businesses. The aim is also to identify and analyze the similarities and diffrences between the importance of certified public auditors and certified accounting consultant´s when granting loans and identify the reasons for this. We also want to contribute with a model to explain the similarities and differences in the importance of certified public auditors and certified accounting consultants. Method: The study is based on previous research and has an abductive approach. The study has also adopted a qualitative approach in the form of eight interviews with bank officers. The sample of respondents included experienced bank officers from well known banks in Sweden. Results and conclusion: The study confirms that banks still prefer an auditors report to secure that facts and figures are correct. But lately banks have increasingly opened up to accepting the reports from a certified accounting consultant. This development has started by banks accepting accounting consultants work concerning small and uncomplicated companies. But banks still see an auditors report as a reliable and decisive security stamp. We will propose that our study shows that the role of accounting consultant will be and even are being modernized and developed in order to be a more effective complement to an auditors report. That will give all parties a win – win situation.


In this paper, we investigate the critical behavior of charged black holes of Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton gravity in the presence of two Liouville-type potentials which make the solution asymptotically neither flat nor AdS and has a parameter $% \Lambda $ treated as a thermodynamic quantity that can vary. We obtain a Smarr-type relation for charged dilatonic black holes and find out that the volume is different from the geometrical volume. We study the analogy of the Van der Waals liquid-gas system with the charged dilatonic black hole system while we treat the black hole charge as a fixed external parameter. Moreover, we show that the critical values for pressure, temperature and volume are physical provided the coupling constant of dilaton gravity is less than one and the horizon is sphere. Finally, we calculate the critical exponents and show that they are universal and are independent of the details of the system although the thermodynamic quantities depend on the dilaton parameter and the dimension of the spacetime.


Copper chemical vapor deposition using liquid coinjection of the Cu(I) precursor (hfac)Cu(TMVS) along with TMVS has been demonstrated. The coinjection of TMVS with (hfac)Cu(TMVS) stabilizes the Cu precursor until it enters the reaction chamber, allowing for better control of the deposition and faster deposition rates. Using this technique, we have grown films with as-deposited resistivities of 1.86 {plus_minus} 0.04 {mu}{Omega}-cm, independent of film thickness. Deposition rates of well over 100 nm/min are possible. Good step coverage and gap fill down to 0.6 {mu}m lines is demonstrated, with gap fill being limited by the large Cu grain sizes in these films.


PURPOSE: A refrigerator and a controlling method for the same are provided to save electric rates by a refrigerator by controlling electricity consumption according to the time zone of expensive or inexpensive electric rates. CONSTITUTION: A refrigerator comprises a compression unit(110), a condensation unit, a capillary unit, an evaporation unit, an ice storage unit, a fluid passage guide unit(108), an energy management device(30), and a refrigerator control unit(102). The compression unit compresses refrigerant. The condensation unit condenses the refrigerant passing through the compression unit. The capillary unit lowers the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant passing through the condensation unit. The evaporation unit vaporizes the refrigerant passing through the capillary unit. The ice storage unit is cooled by exchanging heat through conduction with the refrigerant which circulates on a refrigeration cycle. The fluid passage guide unit changes the fluid passage of the refrigerant. The energy management device performs an electric rates saving mode on the basis of electric information delivered from the outside. The refrigerator control unit controls the fluid passage guide unit and compression unit according to the electric information delivered from the energy management device. [Reference numerals] (102) Refrigerator control unit; (104) Room temperature sensor; (106) Cold storage temperature sensor; (108) Fluid passage guide unit; (110) Compression unit; (142) Ventilation fan; (30) Energy management device


The π-electronic structures of the photochromic salicylideneaniline tautomers were investigated on the basis of the Pariser-Parr-Pople method. The calculated results were used for interpretation of the experimental ultraviolet spectra and the effects of the π-π* excitation upon the intramolecular hydrogen-transfer.


Communication of ideas is critical to the careers of all scientists. Scientists with superior presentation and teaching skills are more likely to secure employment and be recognized by their peers. Typically, training of these skills is left to the individual's mentor, which can vary greatly. Instead, we have designed a course to teach scientific presentation skills. The curriculum comprises introductory didactic instruction and laboratory/Socratic sessions for each skill. Abstract writing, poster design, slide design, 10 min. conference presentations, seminars, lecturing and question writing skills are practiced in a low‐stress setting. For all oral presentations, we employ peer and instructor critique followed by revision and re‐presentation. Development of an appropriate personal style is stressed. We have developed exercises to address critical thinking, and nervousness/panic situations. Over 15 years that the course has been offered, 76% of students have received formal recognition for a presentation, at local or national meetings, including two ASPET student awards.


ELIZABETH R. HINDEocial studies as a content area strug-gles to attain a place of prominencein the elementary curriculum. Readingand math continue to reign supreme inelementary classrooms. Despite the factthat the historic national goal of educa-tion in the United States has been toeducate youth for the purpose of demo-cratic citizenship, social studies, whoseprimary purpose is education for citi-zenship, is often relegated to a place ofminor importance in the elementary cur-riculum. Many teachers report that theysimply do not have time to teach socialstudies. Their argument is indeed acredible one. Marzano (2003) calculatesthat there is an average of 200 standardsand 3,093 benchmarks in fourteen dif-ferent content areas that teachers areexpected to teach in a school year. Hefurther estimates that teachers needapproximately 15,465 hours to addressthe content articulated in the standardsadequately. The problem is, accordingto Marzano, that, at the most, teachershave only 9,042 hours of actual instruc-tional time in a typical school year.


The subways of big city, which many people take everyday, is needed to keep clean environment to maintain the health of the citizen. The purpose of our research is to construct a real-time environment monitoring service for supporting the comfortable environment of subways. The environment factors in the subways are temperature, humidity, micro-dust, CO and CO2. The system collects the data on the real-time, analyzes collected data and sends a control signal to a control system if dangerous data is extracted. Our system is consisted of sensor areas for constructing sensor nodes, a communication system between sensor nodes, and a monitoring application for observing them.


OBJECTIVES
To study the effect of cryopreservative period on the cryosurvival of human spermatozoa and find out the optimal recovery time of cryopreservation.

METHODS
Eighty-eight semen samples were collected from normal donors and divided randomly into 5 groups according to the period of cryopreservative storage (1 d, 7 d, 30 d, 180 d, 300 d) in liquid nitrogen after being frozen by the programized, three-step freezing method. Fresh and frozen-thawed semen were examined by the routine analysis of semen and then the sperm recovery rate were calculated.

RESULTS
There were no significant differences in sperm recovery rate between group I and the others (P > 0.05). The period of cryopreservative storage in liquid nitrogen had no correlation with the cryosurvival of human spermatozoa (r = 0.05, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
It was indicated that freezing-thawing after 24 h would be helpful to the screening of semen donors in batches for donor insemination of human sperm bank.


by K.V. Ramaswamy 52. Indias Trade Deficit: Increasing Fast but Still Manageable by Amitendu Palit 53. Pakistans New Trade Policy Initiatives: Implications for Indian and Pakistan by Iftikhar A. Lodhi 54. It is Getting More Difficult to Do Business in South Asia by Amitendu Palit 55. Crisis in the United States Markets and Consequences for the Indian Markets by S. Narayan 56. Global Economic Slow-down: Can Bangladesh Remain Resilient? by M. Shahidul Islam III. Regional and International Relations: A. South Asian Regionalism: 57. India-Pakistan Composite Dialogue: Towards A Grand Reconiliation? by S.D. Muni 58. Bangladesh-China-North-East India: Opportunities and Anxieties by M. Shahidul Islam B. South Asia-China Relations: 59. India and China: Towards Slow and Steady Cooperation by S.D. Muni 60. Sino-Indian Trade Relations: Understanding the Bilateral and Regional Implications by Deep K. Datta-Ray 61. The Third Tibetan Uprising: Indias Response by S.D. Muni C. South Asia-South-East Asia Relations: 62. Developing India-Malasia Relations: Managing Issues of the Diaspora by Malminderjit Singh 63. Inter-Regionalism and its Possibilities by Ong Keng Yong D. South Asia-United States Relations: 64. Indias Nuclear Dilemma: To Drop the Deal or to Drop the Left by S.D. Muni 65. India-United States Relations under the Obama Adminstartion by Sanjaya Baru E. South Asia-Russia Relations: 66. Russian Premier Victor Zubkov in India: Reinvigorating Relations by S.D. Muni Contributors.


The experiments were implemented in Lebaksari, Wadas Village, East Telukjambe Subdistrict, Karawang County from April to June 2021. The study was compiled using experimental methods with a single factor Random Group (RAK) design. The factor tested was the use of a solution of coconut water fermentation (P) yield with 5 degrees, treatment repeated 5 times. The tariff used is P0 (without treatment), P1 (25% coconut water fermentation), P2 (50% coconut water fermentation), P3 (75% coconut water fermentation), and P4 (100% coconut water fermentation). There is a real influence from the result of giving a coconut water fermentation to the high observation parameters of 7 hst and 28 hst age plants. P2 treatment (50% coconut water fermentation) shows the best result at 7 hst age plant height of 11.40 cm and the best result at 28 hst age plant height contained on treatment P1 (25% coconut water fermentation) of 31.67 cm.


In this innovative study, Si-yen Fei proposes two distinct interpretations of urbanism in Ming Nanjing: one in which the neglect of urban society in the regulatory order established by the Ming founder (the Hongwu emperor, r. 1368–1398) compelled constant negotiation between local officials and town dwellers over the terms of urban governance; and a second in which Nanjing literati undertook a cultural reimagining of their city's landscape amid rapid economic and cultural change. Neither of these interpretative threads speaks to the city as a matrix of social life and economic activity. Instead, Fei's analysis focuses on the tension between the Ming founder's bucolic vision of an empire of self-governing village communities and the dominance of specifically urban elites in the political, economic, and cultural life of the empire during the last century of Ming rule. As the original capital laid out by Hongwu and as one of the principal incubators—along with Suzhou and Hangzhou—of the distinctive urban culture of the late Ming, Nanjing provides an excellent template for tracing the arc of this historical change. Fei devotes two chapters to each of the two main themes—the institutional and the cultural—of her analysis. Chapter 1 revisits the municipal reform movement of the late Ming period—the subject of earlier studies by Fuma Susumu 夫馬進 and myself—in order to distinguish the unique character of this movement within the context of Ming governance in general and the municipal service reforms in particular.1 In contrast to the emphasis in my study (and to a lesser extent in that of Fuma) on the class conflicts exposed by the municipal reform campaigns, Fei identifies a process of consensus building between


Experimental large area N-P-N power transistors having greatly improved performance at high currents will be discussed. In an alloyed construction collector-to-base current ratios as high as 1000 at 1 ampere have been obtained. Another construction utilizing diffusion and alloy techniques will also be described. The advantages of this transistor over the conventional alloy type, such as higher collector dissipation, flatter junctions and closer spacings between junctions will be discussed. This transistor has collector-to-base current ratios of several hundred at 1 ampere and collector breakdown voltages of 70 to 150 volts.


We prove that the derivative � ' of an inner functionis outer if and only ifis a Mobius transformation. An alternative characterization involving a reverse Schwarz-Pick type estimate is also given. Resume. Etant donnee une fonction interieure �, on demontre que sa derivee � ' est exterieure si et seulement siest une transformation de Mobius.


The manuscript describes the algorithm and preliminary assessment for the first-ever global MODIS 3km aerosol product that soon will be available to the public as part of MODIS Collection 6 release. The algorithm essentially is the same as the one used for MODIS 10-km aerosol product in the Collection 6, but operates at a finer spatial resolution (6X6 0.5 km pixels). Based upon the comparison of 6-months of retrievals with AERONET counterparts, authors found that:


1. Introduction Amy L. Besnoy 2. Ethics Education for Information Professionals Toni Carbo 3. Library Managers and Ethical Leadership: A Survey of Current Practices from the Perspective of Business Ethics Adele Barsh and Amy Lisewski 4. Libraries and the USA PATRIOT Act: Values in Conflict Chris Matz 5. Fair Use: Law, Ethics and Librarians Rebecca R. Pressman 6. In the Matter of Plagiarism ... Practice Makes Imperfect Wallace Koehler 7. Plagiarism and Academic Integrity Systems Patrick M. Drinan and Tricia Bertram Gallant 8. Ethical Issues Implicit in Library Authentication and Access Management: Risks and Best Practices Pam Dixon 9. Ethical Issues in Collection Development Locke J. Morrisey 10. The Ethics and Integrity of Cataloging Anna M. Ferris 11. Social Networking as Ethical Discourse: Blogging a Practical and Normative Library Ethic Amanda Clay Powers 12. Ethics and Ethical Challenges in Library Instruction Michelle Leigh Jacobs 13. The Ethics of Participatory Librarianship R. David Lankes