Abstract : Aluminum lithium alloys have recently been recognized for their potential as aerospace alloys. Al-Li alloys offer the combination of high strength and elastic modulus with low density, thereby resulting in substantial weight and cost savings. The precipitation of the metastable Delta' (Al3Li) phase upon aging provides considerable increases in strength. The major problem encountered thus far is that the Delta' phase, due to its shearable nature, causes slip localization, reducing ductility and fracture toughness. The present study is based on the theory that by altering the precipitation behavior and characteristics by additions of titanium it will be possible to disperse slip and consequently increase fracture toughness. Titanium has been selected as the alloying element because in the Al-Ti binary system Al3Ti forms with lattice parameter and crystal structure similar to those of Al3Li. The mechanical properties of the alloys have been determined at several aging conditions. The strength of the alloy increases significantly at each aging condition as titanium is added to the system. Elongation to failure remains fairly constant with titanium additions, but fracture toughness drops as higher amounts of titanium are added. The 3Li-0.2Ti alloy shows the best combination of strength and toughness. (kt)


Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) is one of series series controlled Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices, which has the capability of controlling the power flow in multi transmission lines. In this paper, Power Injection Model (PIM) is proposed by using voltage source converters (VSCs). The proposed model is incorporated in Newton-Raphson (NR) power flow solution method and analyzed with a MATLAB program. A study on variation of power flow, bus voltages in all transmission lines and buses for different values of IPFC parameters has been carried out on standard 2 machine 5 bus system. General Terms FACTS, Newton-Raphson power flow method, multi transmission lines.


The theory instrument of grey relational analysis is grey relational grade between the sequences. The grey relational grade is a measure of the degree of association between two factors, or between two systems. It describes the relative changes among the various factors in the development process of the system. In turn, we can calculate the grey relational grade, compare and judge the grey relational grade, and then judge the degree of association between the compared factors. This paper based on the traditional gray relational decision fusion algorithm, proposed a new gray relational decision fusion algorithm based on the approximate entropy. The simulation shows that recognition rate improved significantly compared with the original gray relational decision fusion algorithm.


THE 31P NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR) STUDY OF THE PRESERVED KIDNEYS III. Renal Viability Evaluated with Intracellular pH Seiji Kunikata Department of Urology, Kinki University Medical School (Director: Prof. T. Kurita) 31P NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) is a noninvasive method of studying the metabolic state of biological tissue. The energy metabolism of ischemic rabbit kidneys was studied by 31P NMR. Some phosphorylate metabolites including ATP and inorganic phosphate could be detected. It was also possible to determine intracellular pH. The ischemic kidneys showed a rapid depletion of energy stores. After ischemia the intraceullular pH decreased as the ATP level in the renal tissue dropped. However, the intracelluar pH decreased slowly before reaching the minimum value (pH 6.5). After ischemia the kidneys were perf used with the perf usate which included fluorocarbon emulsion. The perf used kidneys showed recovery from the ATP depletion and intracellular acidosis. However, the kidneys subjected to long ischemic periods could not regain the preischemic ATP levels and intracellular pH. Intracellular pH measured by 31P NMR was found to be a usefull prameter of tissue viability. According to these experiments, 31P NMR, which is a noninvasive method, may be applied to the clinical practice of renal preservation.


This survey aimed to elucidate the relationship between an interest regarding food and nutrition education among mothers and their children's health, diet, and lifestyle in order to obtain data that would be useful in the promotion of food and nutrition education at home and nursery schools. In July 2011, 606 mothers with children aged 3-6 years completed questionnaires regarding food and nutrition education and their children's lifestyle. Approximately 90% of the mothers had an interest in food and nutrition education. The following were considered to be important for food and nutrition education: "Experience the taste of a variety of foods", "Eat three regular meals per day", "Learn about the nutritional content of food", and "Enjoy meals with friends and family". In the group with little interest in food and nutrition education, the situation of the meal of children was inappropriate. Furthermore, children that their mothers had little interest in food and nutrition education had a little appetite. The results of this study suggest that mothers' interest in food and nutrition education influences their children's diet, lifestyle, and health status and that this reflects in their child-rearing attitudes.


The construction and evaluation of a gamma‐ray detector for capillary zone electrophoresis is described. The detector was shown to have a linear response from the limit of detection 10 to 500 Bqcm−3 corresponding to 5.1 x 10−17 to 2.55 x 10−15 gcm−3 43Tc99m. The application of the detector for the analysis of some radiopharmaceuticals is presented.


Traditional file systems cannot satisfy the recent requirements in the cloud environment. Meanwhile, current file systems designed for cloud computing cannot provide enough flexibility, fine-grained access control and access security. In this paper, a novel secure file sharing scheme based on attribute control is presented. In order to design a practical cloud file system with attribute based encryption, we give a systematic definition of attribute computing in cloud computing environment. Based on the definition, we present a secure and practical attribute based encryption scheme without pairings CP-ABE-WP under cloud computing scenarios. Then we design a secure cloud file system applying our CP-ABE-WP to provide data management and secure data sharing. According to our analysis and test, the scheme is chosen plaintext secure in selective ID model with acceptable performance and can satisfy the file sharing application in cloud computing.


Electron microscopic observations of mica surfaces by the carbon replica technique indicate that weathering, a major process of K release in soils, proceeds at the (hkO) fracture edges and at the crystallographic dislocations distributed on the (001) cleavage faces of mica crystals. Fresh cleavage surfaces of a paragonite with muscovite inclusions show discontinuity of the layers and marginal rolling at edges of K mica cores 3 to 5µ in diameter. A closely intergrown mosaic of the two micas is indicated rather than a true solid solution of the K,Na. Much of the interlayer Na in paragonite readily exchanges for K on treatment with 1N KCl solution and the surface assumes the smoother morphological features of K mica. Fresh cleavages of muscovite and margarite show some folding and scrolling of layers at dislocation edges. Artificial laboratory weathering of biotite to vermiculite by treatment with MgCl₂ produces surface morphology similar to that of natural vermiculites. Removal of K from biotite with tetraphenylboron causes the surfaces to crack open, yielding fresh (hkO) fracture edges. Weathering with NaOH or HCl produces characteristic surface changes. Treatment of biotite with HF for one minute produces humps scattered at 0.1 to 1µ intervals over the (001) cleavage surfaces. Desilication for a longer period produces characteristic etch pits and corroded surfaces with serrated edges. These surface studies provide a new model of mica weathering at (hkO) edges formed on the (001) cleavages, and shows layer flexibility on cation exchange which greatly aids in explanation of K release and fixation in soils.


This paper based on the 220kV ACCC wire part of Liao Yuan line composite insulator for insulating properties, mechanical properties and material performance testing, a comprehensive assessment of the effect of high temperature on the properties, define physical stability and reliability, composite insulator in determining long-term operation under high temperature wire provide guidance and recommendations for the application of composite insulator in ACCC on the conductor.


Geosynchronous orbit (GEO) weathering induces differential charging of spacecraft surfaces due to simultaneous fluxes of electrons with a wide distribution of energies onto, into, and through spacecraft surface materials. Thus, satellite surfaces can charge thousands of volts with respect to each other whereas entire satellites can charge tens of thousands of volts negative of their surrounding space plasma. The ensuing electric fields can cause local discharges (arcs) from one part of the spacecraft to another, endangering the normal operation of the satellite. Arcing on solar panels can cause reduced optical transmission through solar cell coverglasses which will lead to reduced power production negatively affecting a long-term satellite missions. This work focuses on evaluation of simulated GEO space weather effect, comprised by < 90 keV high-energy electron irradiation, on optical and charge transport properties of two different types of commonly used space solar cells coverglasses, CMX and CMG.


Analytics In recent years, technology and innovation have moved in leaps and bounds, changing all sectors including healthcare and pharmaceutics. The use of Big Data and process automation are driving rapid progress. The most modern approaches are being introduced into pharmacies and pharmaceutical enterprises even today.


The utility model discloses a pin correction device, which comprises an operating handle and a correction pin tube, wherein the correction pin tube is fixed on the end face of the operating handle; the inner wall of the correction pin tube is symmetrically provided with two bent plates, and the installation direction of the bent plates is parallel to the axial direction of the correction pin tube; both ends of the bent plates are connected to the inner wall of the correction pin tube; a bending part of the bent plate is away from the inner wall, and the maximum distance between the bending part and the inner wall is less than the radius of an inner bore of the correction pin tube; and an area between the bending parts of the two symmetrically arranged bent plates forms a clamping area for a pin. The pin correction device can be applied to a connector matching tool, the integrity of the pin and a pin base can be effectively protected in the correction operating process by applying the pin correction device, final correction effects can be effectively improved, and the efficiency of correction operations can be effectively improved at the same time.


Wastewater treatment is one of the major problems faced by textile industries. Treatment of wastewater is one of the biggest problems faced by textile manufacturers. By using natural coagulants, considerable savings in chemicals and sludge handling cost may be achieved along with production of readily biodegradable and less voluminous sludge that amounts only 20-30% that of alum treated counterpart. The present study, discusses about the usage of natural coagulants extracted from Moringa oleifera and Strychnos potatorum. These coagulants are very effective for the removal of colour in the synthetically prepared textile waste water. The percentage colour removal for the dye solution using natural coagulants was found out and it was compared with the commercially used coagulant, alum. The maximum percentage of colour removal using alum, Moringa oleifera and Strychnos potatorum was found to be 83%, 89% and 93%, respectively. From these results, it is evident that the natural coagulants are more effective than the commercially used coagulants.


In 1844, Joseph Liouville proved the existence of transcendental numbers. He introduced the set L of numbers, now known as Liouville numbers, and showed that they are all transcendental. It is known that L has cardinality c , the cardinality of the continuum, and is a dense G δ subset of the set R of all real numbers. In 1962, Erd˝os proved that every real number is the sum of two Liouville numbers. In this paper, a set W of complex numbers is said to have the Erd˝os property if every real number is the sum of two numbers in W . The set W is said to be an Erd˝os–Liouville set if it is a dense subset of L and has the Erd˝os property. Each subset of R is assigned its subspace topology, where R has the euclidean topology. It is proved here that: (i) there exist 2 c Erd˝os–Liouville sets no two of which are homeomorphic; (ii) there exist c Erd˝os–Liouville sets each of which is homeomorphic to L with its subspace topology and homeomorphic to the space of all irrational numbers; (iii) each Erd˝os–Liouville set L homeomorphic to L contains another Erd˝os–Liouville set L (cid:3) homeomorphic to L . Therefore, there is no minimal Erd˝os–Liouville set homeomorphic to L . 2020 Mathematics subject classification : primary 28C99; secondary 11J99.


Voice is an important way for small and medium-sized enterprises to respond to changes in the management of the epidemic. This study suggests that employees' perceptions of psychological safety change their voice patterns. All three leadership styles were negatively correlated with employees' acquiescence voice. Psychological safety was negatively correlated with employees' acquiescence voice. The three leadership styles were fully mediated by psychological safety for their employees' acquiescence voice. From this model, we found that the order of indirect influence strength from strong to weak is supportive leadership, moderate leadership, and inclusive leadership. We conducted a random sample survey of 600 employees of 42 manufacturing SMEs in Taiwan. The analysis results were applied with hierarchical regression and bootstrap method in statistical analysis. The results obtained support our hypothesis and provide current understanding of employee voices in turbulent workplaces. Thus, this study makes important contribution to voice and human resource management research .


Higher vocational college students have low interest in learning the theoretical knowledge and poor operation ability.Based on the analysis of these problems and the teaching objective,as well as the students'reality,combined with the educational theory and higher vocational students'characteristics,the paper proposes to reinforce case teaching and simulated teaching,to associate theoretical teaching with practical teaching,and to establish a comprehensive evaluation system.


Critical thinking is both reflective and creative.It is one of the most important features that a confident and independent thinker must possess.English public speaking is strategic communication in English,in which critical thinking contributes a lot to its success.The process of fostering critical thinking competence involves internalization phase and the application phase.The former one adopts Socratic questioning,which can stimulate students' reverse thinking and cultivate their ability of independent thinking.The latter is the phase that students consciously apply their critical thinking and knowledge acquired previously.By fostering critical thinking competence in English public speaking,this paper hopes that critical thinking can broaden speakers' horizon,build their self-confidence,and create excellent opportunities for their future career.


Background. Pain in the elderly is an important problem for geriatric patients and also for their relatives and nursing staff. Untreated pain that interferes with ability to function normally means many accompanying changes and adverse reactions in older people. Effective pain management depends on adequate assessment of pain which can be very difficult in patients with cognitive impairment. Fear against adverse drug effects shoud not be a reason for inadequate pain management. In pain treatment we have to consider altered physiologic functions in elderly, physiologic status, possible drug interactions, and social and cognitive status of the patients. Pain itself is not a normal part of aging; clinicians and also old people have to be aware about this. Adequate pain treatment in elderly is regarded as an important improvement in the quality of life.


Measurements of student learning play a essential role in determining the quality of higher education in Brazil and around the world, which evidences the relevance of assess the validity of the Performance Difference Indicator (IDD), ie, checking whether this indicator measures the educational value added by the courses to their students. Experiments were performed on the IDD's multilevel linear regression model, in order to verify their appropriateness and consistency to assess learning gain. Inconsistency was detected, in estimates to rank institutions.


The flux-flow dynamics in a long Josephson junction is studied both analytically and numerically. A realistic model of the junction is considered by taking into account a nonuniform current distribution, surface losses, and self-pumping effects. An approximate analytical solution of the modified sine-Gordon equation is derived in the form of a unidirectional dense fluxon train accompanied by two oppositely directed plasma waves. Next, some macroscopic time-averaged quantities are calculated making possible to evaluate the current-voltage characteristic of the junction. The results obtained by the present method are compared with direct numerical simulations both for the current-voltage characteristics and for the loss factor modulated spatially due to the self-pumping. The comparison shows very good agreement for typical junction parameters but indicates also some limitations of the method.


The article is devoted to the problem of distinction of rational-instrumental (purposive-rational) and communicative approaches in the conditions of Russian education modernization. The author suggests the reader to consider innovations of the colleagues, teachers RSUH (Higher education in Russia. 2011, №№ 7, 8/9), through the prism of communicative strategy. How to make so that the Russian educational field became sensitive to dialogue, communication between those who really participate in its organization?


During the years Camejo and Prieto led the Lucumí cabildo, warfare in the Bight of Benin hinterland resulted in the collapse of the kingdom of Oyo, which was a major West African slave-trading state. As a result, tens of thousands of Yoruba-speakers arrived to Cuba, including hundreds liberated in British abolition efforts. This chapter examines this migration in relation to Camejo and Prieto's leadership.


seems to have written both for the Aleuadae and for the Scopadae, generally considered to have been rival Thessalian houses; for the tyrants Hipparchus and Hippias, and also in celebration of the downfall of the tyranny; both for Athens and for Sparta during the Persian Wars, despite the sometimes strained relationships between the two states at that period. Valuable, also, is the discussion of the circumstances underlying Simonides' ode ei's Kpiov which told of'how the Ram was shorn' (pp. 47-54), and the careful analysis of Pi.O.2.86-8 on which M. surprisingly but persuasively concludes that probably the chattering crows do indeed allude to Simonides and Bacchylides (pp. 248-55). It is a pity that for the most part M. quotes only in translation the Simonidea he discusses so fully and does not provide Greek texts of them. But apart from that omission, and the reference to Page's views, the book is faultlessly produced and a substantial contribution to our understanding of the life of Simonides. It can now be supplemented by M. L. West's 'Simonides Redivivus', ZPE9Z (1993), 1-14.


The accurate identification of bones from archaeological excavations is critical for the understanding of past faunas. In the United Kingdom, remains from East Anglian fens suggest that more anuran species existed in Saxon times than is the case today. Here, novel methods have been devised to determine the identity of anuran ilia and urostyle bones. These methods were used on remains from a 15th century archaeological site 200 metres north of St Paul's Cathedral, London, originally assumed to be common frog (Rana temporaria) with one possible water frog (Pelophylax sp.) imported as human food. The results suggest that the majority of the ca. 500 year old urostyle remains can be attributed to (in order of likelihood) P. lessonae, R. arvalis or R. dalmatina. The approaches described here complement existing methods and allow for more robust future identifications from zooarchaeological remains. A method is also suggested for taking the effect of growth on different parts of the same bone into account, thereby making bones of various sizes more comparable.


Some citrus species and cultivars with attractive appearance of fruits and leaves have been used for ornamental purposes. Some of them have small fruits and plant size and mixed color of leaves or fruits. Here, we report a new lemon genotype with potential use for ornamental purposes. This genotype was obtained exposing 'Kutdiken' lemon cultivar budwood to gamma irradiation. This cultivar is widely grown in Turkey because of its high yield and good quality fruits. Fruits of the new genotype have attractive appearance with vertical brown lines and brown point heaps. Differences of fruit rind of this genotype have originated from mutation(s) caused by gamma irradiation.


This study aims to investigate university students' perceptions of social media as a learning tool. Data were collected using a specially designed survey during the academic year 2013/2014 at King Abdulaziz University (KAU). The sample size was 2,605 students of different ages and genders representing various KAU colleges. The results indicate that a moderate majority of KAU students are using social media tools in their learning and have the desire to integrate social media as a tool in their learning at university. The paper also reports gender significant differences on preferred social media tools and purposes of social media usage. The findings support the advantages of social media in learning and do not indicate any obvious disadvantages. Such findings can encourage academic planners and instructors to adopt and implement social media tools in the learning context.


Endophyte infected tall fescue (E+) is the base diet for nearly all beef cattle in the southern USA. It has been linked to a variety of toxicological conditions due to the presence of large numbers of ergot alkaloids. This study was designed to investigate the effects of E+ seed extract and selected ergot alkaloids on the detoxification pathway by cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4) enzyme system. Tests were performed using the P450- Glo CYP3A4 enzyme activity kit (Promega, WI), according to the manufacturer's manual. Luminescence was measured using a single tube TD20/20 luminometer. Endophyte infected tall fescue seed was extracted with 50/50 methanol/25 mM ammonium carbonate, cleaned and concentrated on Strata-X reversed phase column (Phenomenex). The extracts were evaluated on an HPLC, and then tested using a serial dilution method. Commercially available ergonovine (EN), ergocorine (ER), bromocryptine (BC) and ergocryptine (EC) were tested individually using 0 to 44 nM concentrations. Seed extract of E+ produced a significant (P P < 0.05) dose dependent manner with EC being most potent, followed by ER, BC, and then EN (70%, 40%, 30% and 10% at 44 nM concentration). The similarity of the inhibition curves of seed extract to that of the commercially available ergot alkaloids suggests a related mode of action and that the use of such ergot alkaloids and CYP3A4 assay is a good model to study the toxicity of tall fescue. Furthermore, it provides the foundation to identify the individual toxic components of purified endophyte infected tall fescue extract.


The aim of this study is to identify the critical Total Quality Management practices or factors and impact of quality culture on these practices and quality performance in an automotive organization in India. To test and validate these hypotheses, primary data is collected from 117 respondents in a second tier Original Equipment Manufacturer supplier in India. This study examines the relationships between TQM practices and quality performance and impact of quality culture on these practices. Partial least square-structural equation modeling was the adopted methodology using SmartPLS 3.0 software. Bootstrapping technique resulted in hypotheses evaluation. Results obtained supported the significant positive relationship between quality culture and all the critical factors. The study also found that the TQM practices does not have any positively significant relationship on quality performance except for quality culture which has a major role played in boosting quality performance in the firm. This study interprets the significance in harnessing quality culture of a firm to enhance the overall quality performance. Having successfully implemented the quality factors the firms should strive to meet the customer expectation


Shifting Contexts: Transformations in Anthropological Knowledge. MARILYN STRATHERN, ed. London and New York: Routledge, 1995. xii + 193 pp., figures, contributors, notes, references, name index, subject index.


This guide provides information on how to access the library's databases and how to cite database materials. It also provides tutorials on how to navigate several different databases.


There is a definite need of diagnostic tools for the clinical evaluation of xerostomia, which may be a symptom of many different diseases of the salivary glands, including systemic diseases involving


Abstract In this study, the best settings of five heuristics are determined for solving a mixed-integer non-linear multi-objective optimization problem. The algorithms treated in the article are: ant colony optimization, genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, differential evolution, and teaching-learning basic algorithm. The optimization problem consists in optimizing the design of a thermoelectric device, based on a model available in literature. Results showed that the inner settings can have different effects on the algorithm performance criteria depending on the algorithm. A formulation based on the weighted sum method is introduced for solving the multiobjective optimization problem with optimal settings. It was found that the five heuristic algorithms have comparable performances. Differential evolution generated the highest number of non-dominated solutions in comparison with the other algorithms.


With theory of fuzzy cluster analysis, this paper simply and conveniently solves some problem of mathematics modeling, and gets a satisfied result.


<italic>Contribution:</italic> Intervention effectiveness is shown to vary in its influence on teenagers' outcomes with cybersecurity problem-solving and engagement. In-depth, high-intensity types of intervention may be more effective for female students. <italic>Background:</italic> Instructional interventions are being developed to address both the critical shortage in cybersecurity talent and gender gaps in the cyber workforce. These interventions need rigorous evaluation. Specific types of instructional strategies are particularly effective for STEM learning. Also, gender differences are found in the benefit students derive from certain instructional methods. An important question is whether certain instructional methods are particularly effective for cybersecurity learning, and consistent in both male and female students. <italic>Research Questions:</italic> Do cybersecurity interventions affect problem-solving, cybersecurity engagement, and/or cybersecurity self-efficacy? Are there gender differences in terms of intervention effectiveness? <italic>Methodology:</italic> Study 1 (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${n}\,\, {=}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 79) included a 60-min workshop model where participants, assigned to treatment and control groups, completed surveys pre- and post-intervention. The treatment group experienced a workshop on computer networking, without any technology. The control group did not receive the workshop. Study 2 (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${n}\,\,{=}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 34) was a week-long intervention whose participants had formal lessons, built websites, and defended themselves from an ongoing simulated cyberattack. Participants completed a survey on cybersecurity learning and engagement three times during the intervention. <italic>Findings:</italic> Study 1 showed no main treatment effect, but females experienced greater gains in problem-solving than males. In Study 2, there was positive growth over time and females experienced greater growth in cybersecurity self-efficacy relative to males.


A six year male was diagnosed with Right sided Pneumonia with pleural effusion and clinical presentation of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The blood sample to the blood center showed auto-agglutination. Blood grouping and cross-matching followed, with an objective of transfusing the most compatible blood unit to this patient, in a low resource Blood storage center setting. DOI: 10.21276/apalm.2017.1013


Introduction: Dental caries is defined as an infectious, multifactorial and chronic process. At the present time there is carried out the recount in saliva of the group Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus and Candida. The genus Actinomyces is considered an etiological agent of caries, but there are not tests that could evaluate the level of this microorganism in saliva. The aim of this work is to determine the correlation among the levels of Actinomyces in saliva and the clinical indicators of risk and cariogenic activity to use the recount of these microorganisms as predictors of caries risk. Methods: 33 students between 19 and 24 years, of both sexes, were included in this study. The same ones were classified in 3 groups: healthy, with cariogenic risk and with cariogenic activity according to the following clinical indicators: Index O'Leary, No of amelodentinal caries opened, brushing frequency and moments of sugar. Samples of saliva were inoculated in Brucella Agar with hemina, vitamin K and 5% of blood. They were incubated in anaerobic jars during 7 days and the recount of Actinomyces and accompanying microbiota was made. Results: There were differences statistically significant in the recount of the total microbiota and the levels of Actinomyces in saliva, among the group of healthy students with those that had risk and the ones with cariogenic activity. Conclusion: The present study aims to propose the use of the recount of Actinomyces as predictors of caries risk jointly with the recount of the group Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus and Candida. descriptors: Actinomyces • Saliva • Dental caries


This article examines the records of mental incompetence cases filed at a court of the first instance in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Using a Critical Discourse Analysis framework and qualitative methods, we explore the ways in which mental health sufferers are represented. Applying Tone Theory and Appraisal Theory (attitude/judgement subsystem) to our data, we distinguish two discursive zones. In one of them, subjects are constructed with linguistic resources that amount to inscribed expressions of negative social judgement on their capacity. A discursive dichotomy is created whereby people are either competent or incompetent. In the other zone, these negative dichotomous judgements are largely softened by explicitly positive ones, without disappearing altogether. We suggest that mental incompetence, far from being a dichotomous concept, might be gradual.


THE IMPACT OF FACTORS IN EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION TOWARDS EMPLOYEE\'S INTENTION TO LEAVE IN CHAIN HOTELS IN JAKARTA AND BANDUNG - Job satisfaction, Intention to leave or turnove


We use the three-dimensional Athena ionizing radiation-magnetohydrodynamics code to simulate blister-type H ii regions driven by stars on the edge of magnetized gas clouds. We compare these to simulations of spherical H ii regions where the star is embedded deep within a cloud, and to non-magnetized simulations of both types, in order to compare their ability to drive turbulence and influence star formation. We find that magnetized blister H ii regions can be very efficient at injecting energy into clouds. This is partly a magnetic effect: the magnetic energy added to a cloud by an H ii region is comparable to or larger than the kinetic energy, and magnetic fields can also help collimate the ejected gas, increasing its energy yield. As a result of these effects, a blister H ii region expanding into a cloud with a magnetic field perpendicular to its edge injects twice as much energy by 5 Myr as a non-magnetized blister H ii region driven by a star of the same luminosity. Blister H ii regions are also more efficient at injecting kinetic energy than spherical H ii regions, due to the recoil provided by escaping gas, but not as much as predicted by some analytic approximations.


Objective: To explore the effect of danshen and magnesium sulfate injection composition on inflammatory reaction,which was caused by autoimmune response in rabbits with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation(LIDH).Methods:Different drugs were given to rabbits with LIDH by ear margin vein injection.The SOD,NO and TNF-α level in serum of different groups were determined 14 days after the model was established successfully and drugs were given.Results: The level of SOD increased significantly,and the levels of NO and TNF-α in treatment group decreased significantly,which had a statistical significance compared with aescine and isotonic Na chloride groups(P0.05).Conclusion:The danshen and magnesium sulfate injection composition has a significant anti-inflammatory effect caused by LIDH,which provides a new treatment alternative for LIDH.


By means of the finite element numerical analysis,the effects of the elastic modulus and thickness of the waterproof bonding layer on the stresses of the steel bridge deck pavement system under the ambient temperature were investigated. Results show that the thickness of the waterproof bonding layer has not a significant effect on the stresses of the steel bridge deck pavement structures,while the elastic modulus of the waterproof bonding layer has a large effect on the stresses of the steel bridge deck pavement structures,which provide a guiding significance for the design and construction of the waterproof bonding material.


Most people say there is nothing new in training, merely that old ideas are re‐packaged and presented in a different style, often couched in new jargon to establish their credibility.


Periodontal disease,as a source of subclinical and persistent infection,may induce systemic inflammatory responses that increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.At present,lots of studies support that the risk of preterm birth,low birth weight and stillbirth is associated with the degree of periodontal disease.Because of the periodontal disease,the risk of pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus is increased.Intervention timely and reasonablly may improve the pregnancy outcomes.


I read this lucidly written and empirically rich book with much interest as someone who both researches higher education and grapples with many of the supervision challenges discussed. The experienced authors of Doctoral Education in South Africa have provided a valuable overview of the central issues and topics relevant to doctoral education internationally and then applied more specifically to the African and South African contexts. The central thesis of the book is carefully mapped out in the first chapter. The thesis is that 'Four imperatives intersect in current debates on the production of PhDs in South Africa. These four discourses concern global and national competition (the imperative for growth), efficiency, transformation and equality' (p.20). The analytical framework that is constructed on the basis of these four imperatives 'capture[s] the ecology (the external demand and accountability environment) of doctoral education and training in South Africa today' (p.23). Particularly useful is the manner in which the framework takes account of the external factors as well as the dynamics between students and supervisors within universities. These four imperatives, or discourses, are then used as the basis for organising the empirical chapters of the book.


A kinetics investigation of catalysed oxidation of D-(+) ribose by cerium(IV) have been studied in acidic medium in the temperature range 308–333 K. The reaction has been found to be first order with respect to D-(+) ribose in the presence of La(III) catalysed. The rate follow first order kinetics in La(III) catalysed oxidation reaction. The effect of [HSO4−] has also been observed. The 1:2 stoichiometry is observed in the oxidation. From the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction, the Arrhenius equation and various activation parameters have been computed. A suitable mechanism has been proposed and a rate law explaining the experimental observations is derived.


Art educators and perceptual theorists, while speaking in the language of their respective areas of inquiry, have in common an interest in how man achieves and maintains contact with his surroundings. In the normally functioning organism, this is a lifelong process. Evidence exists to indicate that some perceptual discriminations are possible at a very early age, and may well be innate.'12 In addition, it is clear that perceptual learning continues to occur as children grow.3,4 The ambiguities surrounding the nature of the perceptual process and the extent to which perception contributes to total human experience have brought forth widely divergent position statements from researchers and theorists in this field. Some have argued for a hierarchical structure in which perception is subordinated to intellectual levels of thought5; others have been adamant in stressing the interactive roles which perception and cognition take.6 Use of the term "perception" in this study denotes the physical art of apprehending a stimulus, its translation and modification into cognitive data, and the recycling of that cognition in the subsequent apprehension of stimuli. Perceptual theory as a source for the development of art curricula has until recently sparked little interest among art educators, whose attention has focused upon what the child does with materials rather than on how he sees his worth. Recently, however, Arnheim7, McFee8, Linderman9, Hubbard'?, Salome", and Anderson12 have developed positions in which perceptual study is central. Yet even today many art teachers remain comparatively unfamiliar with the premises of perceptual theory, and as a general rule, have no way of knowing the extent or the depth of their students' perceptual development at any particular time. Nor are they able to discover very readily whether their students' perceptions have been altered as a result of exposure to a sequence of activities designed with that aim in mind. Instruments which address themselves to measuring or identifying perceptual traits do exist13'14, but mainly in forms which have only partial relevance for the teacher of art.


Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease encompassing radiographic (traditionally known as ankylosing spondylitis) and non-radiographic forms that lead to chronic pain, structural damage, and disability.1 The International Map of Axial Spondyloarthritis (IMAS) survey is an initiative developed to generate insights into the real-life experiences of people living with axSpA to ultimately improve quality of life.2To assess the burden and daily experience of patients with axSpA in the United States.The IMAS survey generates a report on patient-reported aspects of disease burden and experience with axSpA using adaptations of the original Atlas of axSpA questionnaire developed in collaboration with patients, the Axial Spondyloarthritis International Federation, and clinical academic experts. In this US adaptation of the IMAS survey, a 30-minute quantitative online survey was administered to US patients aged ≥18 years who completed screening questions, self-reported having been diagnosed with axSpA by a healthcare provider, and were under the care of a healthcare provider between July 22, 2021, and November 10, 2021. Survey questions were tailored to reflect differences in the US healthcare systems and the availability of treatments. This analysis presents a portion of the US data describing patient demographics, clinical characteristics, journey to axSpA diagnosis, and the emotional impact and overall burden of disease on quality of life using the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12), the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society – Health Index (ASAS-HI), and a global limitation index of 18 activities of daily living. All results were reported descriptively using summary statistics.Survey data from 228 US patients with axSpA were collected in this analysis. The mean age was 45 years, 60% of patients were female, and the mean BMI was 27.7 kg/m2 (Table 1). Participating patients had an average of 5.6 comorbidities, with anxiety (43%), depression (41%), and hypertension (32%) as the most commonly reported comorbidities. Among all patients, the mean age at onset of first symptoms was 26 years and the mean age at diagnosis was 35 years; overall, mean diagnostic delay was greater in female than in male patients (11.2 vs 5.2 years; Figure 1A). According to the validated GHQ-12, over half of the patients (57%) were at risk for psychological distress (GHQ-12 score ≥3; Figure 1B). Patients who were older (>40 years old), physically inactive, or who had active disease (BASDAI ≥4) were at risk for psychological distress. Most patients (82%) suffered from a high degree of impairment (ASAS-HI ≥6), 47% had a medium or high limitation in activities of daily living, and 46% of patients were not employed at the time of the survey.Table 1.Patient Demographic and Clinical CharacteristicsCharacteristicPatients with axSpA(N=228)Mean age, years45Female, %60White, %86Mean body mass index, kg/m227.7Nonsmoker, %62Alcohol consumption behavior, %Never19Every day9Mean number of comorbidities5.6Common comorbidities (≥20% of patients), %aAnxiety43Depression41Hypertension32Obesity/overweight31Sleep disorders30Hypercholesterolemia29Uveitis24Psoriatic arthritis23Fibromyalgia20Spinal or other fractures20Psoriasis20Employed, %54axSpA, axial spondyloarthritis.aRespondents could have selected ≥1 answer.This study showed that a high proportion of US patients with axSpA report impaired function and are at risk for psychological distress. Patients also experienced a substantial delay in the time to axSpA diagnosis, with longer delays than those reported in the European Union. Delays were twice as long in women compared to men. These findings highlight the large impact of disease on daily activities and mental distress in US patients with axSpA.[1]Sieper J, Poddubnyy D. Lancet. 2017;390:73-84.[2]Garrido-Cumbrera M, et al. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2019;21:19.This study was funded by Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA. Medical writing support was provided by Charli Dominguez, PhD, of Health Interactions, Inc, Hamilton, NJ, USA, and was funded by Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. This abstract was developed in accordance with Good Publication Practice (GPP3) guidelines. Authors had full control of the content and made the final decision on all aspects of this publication.Marina Magrey Consultant of: Received consulting fees from Eli Lilly and Novartis, Grant/research support from: Received research grants from AbbVie, Amgen, and UCB, Jessica A. Walsh Consultant of: Received consulting fees from Amgen, Janssen, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Grant/research support from: Received research funding from AbbVie, Merck, and Pfizer, Sandra Flierl Employee of: Employee of Ipsos, Renato Calheiros Employee of: Employee of Novartis, David Wei Employee of: Employee of Novartis, Muhammad Asim Khan Consultant of: Has served as a consultant for Novartis


The expression of p80c-myb was examined during the activation of resting human T lymphocytes. Before activation, no detectable p80c-myb was present. Synthesis of p80c-myb was observed only after initiation of the S phase of the cell cycle.


This article discusses the main aspects of a psychiatric and psychotherapeutic intervention in a general hospital, taking into perspective the therapist's personal experience. Specific consultation-liaison psychiatry interventions are conducted with the patient while taking care of a multidisciplinary team.


The distributional ranges of many species of Bremidae meet or overlap in Manitoba. The distribution of most of these species is shown to follow closely the summer isotherms, which, in general, run in a northwest to southeast direction. Three main areas are recognized, each characterized by the presence or absence of certain species: (1) southern, (2) central, (3) northern and eastern. In the latter, three sub-areas are indicated. In all, 23 species of Bremidae are recorded from the province.


In this project, we would like to explore the viability of using 3D printed injection molds to cost-effectively produce low-volume production runs. These 3D printed molds are much more cost-effective than traditional methods, however, the 3D printed molds often only withstand 50–100 cycles. Research is needed to determine how to improve the durability of the molds. This can be accomplished by measuring and documenting how injection molds made from various plastics, and various 3D printing technologies, react under the stresses of an injection molding machine. We can develop a case study using 4 different types of plastics that can be used to create the 3D printed mold. The 3 plastics would be Formlabs Ridged 10k Resin, Formlabs Clear v4, and Formlabs Tough 2000 Resin. These materials will be printed using various 3D printing technologies. This paper will focus on a literature review of the positives and negatives of 3D printing additively manufactured injection molding tooling and propose potential solutions for many of the negatives of 3D printed molds. The case study portion will be based on how we are planning to perform the case study, but it has not yet been completed.


An ab initio study of the electronic structure of the one-dimensional quantum-confined H-passivated crystalline ultrathin Si in large thickness range of 2.7–27.0 A has been made, employing a self-consistent full potential linear muffin-tin orbital (FPLMTO) method along with the density functional theory in local approximation. Calculations have been performed for a quite big unit cell with sufficient separation between the unit cells to avoid interference effects between the two surfaces of a unit cell as well as between the two successive unit cells. The present results show the absence of overlocalized states in quantum-confined systems and the occurrence of the extended states responsible for the luminescence observed in quantum-confined nanostructures. The presently calculated values of the band gap show an exponential rise with a decrease in the quantum-confined size in the ultrathin film region. The present results have been obtained for a more extended film thickness region as compared to earlier a...


We investigate the diffusion interaction and quantitative analysis of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) mixed with lube base oil (LBO) at different concentrations using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THzTDS).When the concentration exceeds 6.78%,the characteristic absorption peaks exhibit significantly shift,and the absorption coefficient peak value is nonlinear against concentration.Moreover,the absorption coefficients of mixed samples follow the Beer's law at a concentration below 6.78%.The quantitative analysis enables a strategy for monitoring the formulation of lubricating oil in real time.


The effects of T-2 toxin on mitogen-induced blastogenesis of chick splenic cells were investigated. The [] thymidine incorporation in splenic cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide and concanavalin A were equally inhibited as the concentration of T-2 toxin was increased. The effective dose of T-2 toxin causing a 50% reduction of [] thymidine incorporation was inbetween 1.0 and 5.0 ng/ml for both mitogens. Mitogen-induced blastogenesis in chick splenic cells showed differences among experimental groups with different exposure time of T-2 toxin, exhibiting the most inhibition in the experimental group exposed to T-2 toxin at both embryonic and chick periods.


Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common tumors of infancy. The objective was to identify clinical and radiological patterns in patients with retroperitoneal IHs.


Technological innovation can promote the growth of international service outsourcing in China by advancing enterprise ability to undertake international service outsourcing, human resource quality, upgrading of international service outsourcing industry and base building of international service outsourcing. Based on the relative data from 10 areas where the international service outsourcing is developed best in China, this article builds the regression model to study the effect of technological innovation on international service outsourcing. The result indicates that technological innovation can promote obviously the development of international service outsourcing. Some suggestion should be taken to accelerate the technology innovation ability of china, such as adding the input to technological innovation, encouraging talent engaged in the international service outsourcing industry, optimizing environment of technological innovation.


A sense of coherence (SOC) could help us better understand why there are individuals who cope better than others in similar situations. The study aimed to assess the effect of SOC on the course of burden reports in relatives of persons with dementia.


Currently, accounting higher education is plagued with many problems that, as Albrecht and Sack (2000, p. 1) warn, "will lead to the demise of accounting education". Traditionally, the discussion on how to solve these problems has taken place between two extreme educational paradigms – the vocational and the liberal one. However, previous recommendations for a greater emphasis on the liberal paradigm in accounting education (e.g. Bedford et al., 1986; Accounting Education Change Commission, 1996 [1990–1995]) had partial success, because they have been misunderstood by accounting faculties. This paper argues that the current recommendations for reforms in accounting education (e.g. the Pathways Commission's (2012) calls) face the same risk of misunderstanding which in turn leads to mediocrity in their implementation.The central thesis of this paper is that revealing the largely discredited nature of vocationalism will help accounting faculties to understand why too single minded a focus on the vocational is flawed and this, in turn, will help for the proper understanding of the messages for reforms. For that reason, this article examines critically the vocational paradigm in accounting higher education. Four important conclusions emerge from this. First, the philosophical underpinnings of vocationalism are at odds with the intrinsic values of education. Second, vocationalism alienates accounting from academic traditions. Third, any overwhelming vocational focus does not correspond to the educational developments in the other learned professions. Fourth, vocationalism has only a slight potential to solve the challenges facing the profession and its education.


Biodegradation of cellulosic biomass requires the actions of three types of secreted enzymes; endoglucanase (EC 22.214.171.124), cellobiohydrolase or exoglucanase (EC 220.127.116.11), and -glucosidase (EC 220.127.116.11). These enzymes act synergistically to hydrolyse the -1,4 bonds of cellulose and converts it into simple sugar. Hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond can occur either by net retention or by inversion of anomeric configuration at the anomeric center. QM/MM simulations are useful tools to study the energetics of the reactions and analyze the active-site structures at different states of the catalysis, including the formation of unstable transition states. Here, a brief description of previous work on glycoside hydrolases is first given. The results of the QM/MM potential energy and free energy simulations corresponding to glycosylation and deglycosylation processes are then provided for two retaining endoglucanases, Cel12A and Cel5A. The active-site structural features are analyzed based on the QM/MM results. The role of different residues and hydrogen bonding interactions during the catalysis and the importance of the sugar ring distortion are discussed for these two enzymes.


An application may be hosted for utilization by a remote computing platform. User interface (UI) elements of a UI generated by the hosted application may be identified. Proxy UI elements may be generated. Each of the proxy UI elements may correspond to one or more of the identified UI elements. A transcript of an audio sample may be processed. The audio sample may comprise an utterance of a user of the remote computing platform. The transcript of the audio sample may comprise at least one word corresponding to one or more of the proxy UI elements. A functionality of the hosted application may be invoked. The invoked functionality may correspond to one or more of the UI elements corresponding to the one or more of the proxy UI elements.


With the growing popularity of Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) as a competitive sport, questions regarding the dynamic response and properties of MMA gloves arise. High-energy impacts from punches are very similar to boxing yet MMA competition requires the use of 4 oz fingerless glove, compared to the larger full enclosure boxing glove. This work assessed the kinetic properties and strike dynamics of MMA gloves and compared findings with traditional boxing gloves. Gloves mounted on a molded fist were impacted repetitively on an instrumental anvil designed for impact, over a 5 hour period resulting in 10,000 continuous and consistent strikes. Kinetic data from impacts were sampled at the beginning of the data collection and subsequently every 30 minutes (every 1,000 strikes). MMA gloves produced 4-5 times greater peak force and 5 times faster load rate compared to the boxing glove. However, MMA gloves also showed signs of material fatigue, with peak force increasing by 35% and rate of loading increasing by 60% over the duration of the test. Boxing glove characteristics did deteriorate but to a lesser extent. In summary, the kinetic properties of MMA glove differed substantially from the boxing glove resulting in impacts characterized by higher peak forces and more rapid development of force. Material properties including stiffness and thickness play a role in the kinetic characteristics upon impact, and can be inferred to alter injury mechanisms of blunt force trauma.


This paper presents an evaluation of different methods considering the usually problems in face recognition. We consider variations in illumination, facial expression and facial details to propose a new method combining global and local face image features. This approach combines PCA, 2D-DCT and Gabor Wavelet Transform to obtain the global and local features representation. The Nearest Neighbor using the Euclidean distance performs the classification. The experiments were performed in the classical ORL and Yale face recognition databases. The proposed approach presented interesting results in comparison with the literature methods.


The trinuclear complexes are synthesized by Cu(hfac) 2 and 5-substituted-1,3-bis( N - tert -butylaminoxyl)benzene ( 1 x ; X=H, F and Cl), π-conjugated bis-aminoxyl radical with a triplet ground state [1] . It is found that the [Cu(hfac) 2 ] 3 ( 1 x ) 2 complexes are paramagnetic and have a trinuclear cluster crystal structure. They have symmetric structure whereas the complex with X=Br is asymmetric [2] . While the complex with X=Br shows a ferromagnetic interaction within central three spins ( J / k B =33.9 K) and exhibits a first-order type structural transition around 48 K and below this temperature it has an S =1/2 ground state, the complexes with X=F and Cl do not show any transformation. The intracluster exchanges for X=F and Cl are characterized by larger exchange parameters J / k B =40.5 K and 41.6 K, respectively. They keep ferromagnetic interaction within the trimers down to lowest temperatures and their ground states have S =3/2.


The widespread use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents poses a significant challenge to bacteria pathogenic for humans, a challenge that has been answered by the acquisition and spread of a variety of antimicrobial resistance determinants. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics results from the mutation of normal cellular genes, the acquisition of foreign resistance genes, or a combination of these two mechanisms. Resistance to some antimicrobials or classes of antimicrobials, notably, rifampin or the fluoroquinolones, occurs primarily through point mutations and is not transferable. Other forms of resistance, such as multiple antibiotic resistance efflux systems and inducible β-lactamase-mediated resistance, result from regulatory mutations in normal cellular processes and are also not transferable. For many bacteria-antibiotic combinations, however, such intrinsic mechanisms of resistance are not available, so resistance genes must be imported. To accomplish this end, bacteria use a complex array of mechanisms to share and disseminate useful resistance determinants. Mechanisms frequently cited as potentially important for the dissemination of antibacterial resistance determinants include natural transformation (penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria spp.) (16, 60), bacteriophage-mediated transduction (β-lactamase-mediated penicillin resistance in staphylococci) (33), and plasmid- or transposon-mediated conjugation (ampicillin resistance in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, tetracycline resistance in enterococci, and many others) (3, 20).

With the widespread availability of techniques for analyzing the molecular genetics of bacterial pathogens, understanding of the role of transposons in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance has expanded significantly. Among the more interesting and important classes of transposons are the conjugative transposons. As their name implies, conjugative transposons are mobile elements that possess the genetic machinery to facilitate their own transfer between bacterial cells. Several prototypes of conjugative transposons have been described. Conjugative transposons encoding the tet(Q) tetracycline resistance determinants are widespread in clinical Bacteroides isolates and have been the subject of several recent reviews (54, 55). Tn5276-like transposons are large (70- to 80-kb) elements that encode genes for nisin production (44, 45). These elements have not been shown to encode antimicrobial resistance determinants, appear to be restricted to lactococci, and will not be addressed further in this minireview. The present minireview focuses on the Tn916 and Tn1545 family of conjugative transposons that predominates in clinically important gram-positive bacteria. The basic mechanisms of movement of these transposons have recently been reviewed (57). The present work focuses on recent developments in the basic science of conjugative transposons and more specifically on the actual and potential role of these elements in the dissemination of important resistance determinants in pathogenic bacteria.


In order to increase the solubility of ursolic acid, the inclusion complexes of ursolic acid with γ-cyclodextrin were prepared by grinding, ultrasonic and stirring methods. The characterizations of the inclusion complexes were proved by x-ray powder diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The results confirmed the interactions of ursolic acid with γ-cyclodextrin, indicating the formation of the inclusion complexes. In addition, grinding method is a better way of preparing inclusion complex of ursolic acid with γ-cyclodextrin.


JEFFREY RICHARDS, Imperialism and Music: Britain, 1876-1953. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 2001, 544 pp., 49.99 [pounds sterling], ISBN 0 7190 4506 1 hard covers, 17.99 [pounds sterling], ISBN 0 7109 6143 1 paperback. The series in which this book appears seeks 'to develop the new socio-cultural approach [to imperialism] ... through cross-disciplinary work on popular culture, media studies, art history, the study of education and religion, sports history and children's literature'. Jeffrey Richards contributes an important volume on the music of the British Empire. Because of its performative and yet abstract character, music is a medium especially associated with major rituals, and British imperialism--as the author demonstrates--was very much made to cohere in the public mind through its great ritual performances. He has carried out a labour of love in assessing the huge but largely forgotten musical legacy of empire. No major area is neglected (concert music, opera and song, hymns, military music and, most important of all, the music specially deployed on official occasions and in the great exhibitions and festivals celebrating empire). Jeffrey Richards has not been content to document. He has actually listened to much sheet music recovered from second-hand shops 'which had lain unplayed and gathering dust for decades', performed for him by his friend, the pianist John Clegg, to whom the book is dedicated. The author clearly has a good ear and is not afraid to offer helpful comments on what he has heard. There is always excitement (at least for musicians) in recovering lost sound worlds, and the excitement is well conveyed in the text. Of course, much of the music has little or no viability outside its context, but the importance of that context-the way the world of imperialism lived in the minds of hearers, and the fact that it was a world almost entirely cancelled out by the post-imperial media revolution in Britain from the 1960s--might well justify a modest revival of the sounds themselves. Jeffrey Richards is conscious that he is surveying terrain unknown to most readers and--admirably--decides to go for a broad and comprehensive account rather than getting dug in to areas for which he may have the greatest enthusiasm. This means that the book, which is long, is tough going in places, heavy on details and light on argument, except where the author takes some sideswipes at received opinion. Early in the book he devotes chapters to Arthur Sullivan and Edward Elgar, the only enthusiasts for imperial causes among major British composers aiming at concert audiences. The author is correct to insist that imperial mysticism underpins key works in Elgar's output, and not just the five Pomp and Circumstance marches. Elgar was greatly excited by the exploits of General Charles Gordon in the Sudan, contemplated a symphony in Gordon's memory, and later composed a major choral work based on Newman's Dream of Gerontius, a poem Gordon had by his side in Khartoum. Elgar was at work on the Dream of Gerontius when British excitement for empire peaked with news of Kitchener's victory in the battle of Omdurman (wrongly dated as 1897), an event seen to avenge Gordon's death. There seems little doubt Elgar identified with Gordon's mystical Christian version of the 'civilising mission'. But elsewhere some of the book's judgements are more controversial. …


In the seventies, about 70% of the world's bromine production of 400 000 t/y was used for 1,2-dibromoethane synthesis, a fuel additive for leaded gasolines. The implementation of three-way catalysts stopped these activities. Nowadays, brominated flame retardants (BFRs) such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), tetrabromobisphenol A, and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are the major bromine products. BFRs are added to polymers used in electronic devices, textiles, and insulation materials to lower their flammability. The EU has banned the use of pentaand octa-BDEs, but HBCDs, currently produced at >20 000 t/y, are still allowed. Persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and toxicity are important aspects to decide which BFRs have to be regulated as persistent organic pollutants under the Stockholm convention. It is our interest to elucidate the fate of such chemicals, to study their transformation processes and to develop safer alternatives. When the EU started a risk assessment on HBCDs, we realized that neither HBCD stereochemistry nor selective analytical methods were known. We isolated eight of the 16 HBCD stereoisomers and assigned the absolute configurations of three pairs of enantiomers (6a/b, 7a/b, 8a/b). Lately, the two meso forms could be assigned to structures 9 and 10. In parallel, we developed LC-MS methods to distinguish different stereoisomers. A conformational analysis revealed that HBCDs are remarkably similar.We identified a structural motive consisting of three pairs of equally oriented synclinal and two antiperiplanar torsion angles.We found increased reactivity in the flexible part, whereas the conserved motive was less reactive. The understanding of such structure–activity relations is a key element to model environmental transport and transformation. Some HBCDs accumulate in the environment. Most striking is the fact that γ-HBCDs (8a/b) are abundant in technical products, but α-HBCDs (6a/b) dominate in biological samples. The left-handed form of both α-HBCD enantiomers (6a) is enriched in human breast milk. A comprehensive risk assessment for chemicals of such highproduction volume requires detailed structural information and selective analytical methods to study the fate and toxicity of the individual isomers. In this respect our odyssey on HBCDs might be considered as an analytical highlight but further challenges are ahead of us to assess benefits and risks of HBCDs. Received: October 6, 2008 References N. V. Heeb, W. B. Schweizer, P. Mattrel, R. Haag, M. Kohler, P. Schmid, M. Zennegg, M.Wolfensberger, Chemosphere 2008, 71, 1547. N.V. Heeb,W. B. Schweizer, P. Mattrel, R. Haag,A. C. Gerecke,M. Kohler, P. Schmid, M. Zennegg, M.Wolfensberger, Chemosphere 2007, 68, 940. N.V. Heeb,W. B. Schweizer,M.Kohler,A. C. Gerecke,Chemosphere 2005, 61, 65.


Abstract Western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn) is a naturally durable softwood species native to British Columbia in Canada, and Washington, Oregon and California in the USA. Untreated T. plicata products are usually durable because of the presence of extractives with anti-microbial activity. However, there are extractive tolerant fungi that can attack T. plicata. To screen for extractive-tolerant species we developed a T. plicata feeder strip assay. When the feeder strips were placed on malt extract agar, extractives from the wood accumulated in the media and strongly inhibited growth of non-tolerant fungal strains. Extractives remaining in feeder strips following incubation on media were characterized. Of the many compounds leached out, γ- and β-thujaplicin, β-thujaplicinol, plicatic acid and thujic acid were quantified. The growth of selected fungal strains was not affected by plicatic acid; however, it was inhibited to different degrees by β- and γ-thujaplicin. Pachnocybe ferruginea was extractive-tolerant and may play an important role in the initial stages of degradation of T. plicata products.


Music can help render the atmosphere and characterize the characters in animation works. This paper starts from the teaching practice in MIDI (musical instrument digital interface) music production, mainly analyzes the application and production process of music in animation works, and summarizes the problems to be noted in teaching of animation music, to provide a reference for music producers in China's animation industry. Keywords—MIDI music; animation works; music production


The Fireworks algorithm is a relatively new optimization meta-heuristic which has good performances for global optimization problems. For some resources consuming problems, as image registration is, the optimization algorithm's performances are important, especially for real time computing. In this paper, the usage of chaos enhanced Fireworks algorithm for features based image registration is proposed. During evolution, the chaotic sequences are used to compute the position of the newly generated regular sparks. The proposed procedure is applied for biomedical image registration and the performances obtained by using ten different chaotic sequences are compared to those obtained by using the standard algorithm


The effects of a surface on the electronic structure of the d band of Ni and Fe are investigated with a tight-binding model for thin films. It is shown how the local density of states for the surface, ρ s ( E ), changes as the thickness of the film increases and that a thin film with a thickness of 5 to 7 layers can be used as a model of semi-infinite crystal for the investigation of the electronic structure near the surface. The local density of states for surface is different considerably from that of the bulk in each case of the (001), (110) and (111) planes. Especially, there is a fairly sharp peak in the case of the (001) plane of Ni which results from surface states. Detailed discussions are given on these surface states.


The purpose of this study was to examine how sketching and documentation can be integrated into the hairdressing programme. Besides this, the study explores whether developing creativity by means of sketching can bridge learning and understanding difficulties when working with practical items. A qualitative study based on interviews was carried out. Two teachers and four students participated in the study answering questions about creating with creativity, sketching and documentation and their importance for learning and overall in hairdressing education. In an educational trial set up by myself, the students developed creative hairstyles, from their own ideas. Sketching was used by the students to elaborate thoughts and ideas. Documentation was consciously used so that the students could have a retrospective look at their work and reflect over methods and results later on. In my literature study there are illustrative examples of how learning takes place through interaction with other people. The result of interviews, educational trial and exposition of literature shows that learning and understanding difficulties often can be bridged by means of sketching and documentation of creative work.


[1] Several days prior to the Group of 8 (G8) summit of nations on 26–27 May in Deauville, France, science academies from those nations and five others issued joint statements calling for the governments to take actions regarding water and health as well as science education. The water and health statement indicates that nearly 3 billion people will be living in water-scarce countries by 2050 and that 2.6 billion already lack access to proper sanitation and nearly 900 million lack access to a clean water supply. The statement calls for developing basic infrastructure for sanitation, promoting education to change the behavior of populations regarding water supply, funding research and development to identify pathogens, and improving water management and hygiene standards, among other measures.


Pedunculate and sessile oak species are sympatric. These oaks hybridize with one another, and this process influences the development of undergrowth. The purpose of this study was to determine how different oak species influence the forest regeneration process. For this purpose, the forest was divided into eight transects of 300 m and 100 m widths, distinguished into temporary plots of 10 m in diameter covering the whole territory of the forest. The distribution of oak undergrowth was calculated by four oak height groups, determining the composition of the first storey, covering of underbrush and herbaceous plant, and forest site. We determined that the spread of oak differed depending on the first storey tree species and underbrush. Grass cover was the biggest influence on the sessile oak. The impurity of sessile oak in oak stands had a positive impact on the development of undergrowth, since the entire undergrowth develops faster than separate components of the undergrowth.


Optimization of manufacturing processes enables steel producers to improvequality,energyefficiency, yield,and throughput,and thus improve economic viability. Unfortunately, mill trials are very expensive and time-consuming, and it is often difficult to make observationsor collect certaindatadue to theharshenvironments in steel mills. As a result, modeling and/or simulation techniques are frequentlyusedtoaid in theunderstandingandoptimizationofsteel manufacturing processes. Limited mill trials, of course, are still necessary to verify and validate the models or simulations. Simulations can also be conducted for steel applications. Common simulation techniques employed consist of mathematical and physical modeling. While mathematical modeling can include computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite element analysis (FEA), physical modeling is often performed by water modeling or special laboratory-scale simulations. In some cases, themathematical solutions can be complex and difficult to understand and interpret. This iswhere visualization techniques canbeveryhelpful. For example, through data processing of numerical simulations, CFD results can be converted into streamlines, 3D vectors, or isosurfaces. Importing these data into 3D modeling software (or "visualization technologies") allows for construction of 3D geometries and virtual environments, as well as colorcoded scales that can visually represent parameters such as temperature, velocity, and concentration. In short, the integration of simulation and visualization technologies enables the most relevant of the real-world data to be efficiently identified and engaged with, and effectively applied. This special issue focuses on steel manufacturing simulation and visualization. We are very familiar with these areas as we both helped found the Steel Manufacturing Simulation and Visualization Consortium (SMSVC) at Purdue University Northwest (PNW). The SMSVC has been in operation now for over three years and conducts fundamental and applied research on a wide range of iron and steelmaking processes, from the blast furnace through slab/bloom reheating furnaces. In the present issue, eighteen papers by steel simulation and visualization experts are featured, covering the topics of blast furnace, electric arc furnace (EAF), steel ladle, continuous casting, electroslag refining, slab reheating furnace, hot rolling, run-out-table cooling, a steel application on a puncture-resistant tank car design, and development of interactive safety training simulators for steel industry use. Of the eighteen papers, there are six from the SMSVC, three from Northeastern University, two from ArcelorMittal Global Research, two from the University of Science and Technology Beijing, and one each from the Indian Institute of Technology, Colorado School of Mines, Kimchaek University of Technology, Missouri S&T, and the University of British Columbia.


composition NieA124+0.24at%B (ICI5) and Ni.AI21 + 0.2at%B + 0.49at%Zr + 0.42at%Fe (IC50), respectively. The latter was provided by Allegheny Ludlum Steel, USA, in form of a cast sheet of 1.3mm thickness. Two different initial microstructures of ICI5 were investigated. One sample was cut from the as-cast ingot of ICI5 which has a large grain size and remnants of a second phase. A second sample was produced by uniaxially forging of the cast ingot by 35% and recrystallization to yield a homogeneous grain size of about 60#m.


A staggering number of multimedia applications are being introduced every day. Yet, the inordinate delays encountered in retrieving multimedia documents make it difficult to use the Web for real-time applications such as educational broadcasting, video conferencing, and multimedia streaming. The problem of delivering multimedia documents in time while placing the least demands on the client, network and server resources is a challenging optimization problem. The WEBCAP is ongoing project that explores applying capacity planning techniques to manage or tune the Web resources (client, network, server) for optimal or near optimal performance, subject to minimizing the retrieval cost while satisfying the real-time constraints and available resources. The WEBCAP project consists of four software modules: object extractor, object representer, object scheduler, and system tuner. The four modules are connected serially with 3 feedback-loops. In this paper, we focus on how to extract objects from multimedia document and how to represent them as object and operation flow graphs while maintaining precedence relations among the objects.


The method of mutual view used extensively in "Historical Records" has begun to sprout in the oracle bone inscriptions. Through the parallel reading and intertextual interpretation of historical materials, it can be found that although each moment is a single-line narrative question, it is in different oracle bones and At different times, it has double-line and three-dimensional supplements. The Yin people have a narrative way of mutual understanding between the worship of the gods and the suspicion of the ancestors, the war and peace between the Yin and the Shang and the Fang kingdom, the respect of the oracle by the Shang king and the establishment of his own authority. This method of mutual opinion constructs a relatively loose but relatively systematic narrative time and space. Through symbolic and sacred interrogation activities, the tribal survival wisdom and civilization inheritance are written on the tortoise shell. This primitive and simple narrative method, this broad "method of mutual view", has certain significance and value for the writing of Yin and Shang history, the study of pre-Qin narratives, and the promotion and popularization of Yin and Shang culture.


1. Whole Numbers. Reading and Writing Whole Numbers. Addition of Whole Numbers. Subtraction of Whole Numbers. Multiplication of Whole Numbers. Division of Whole Numbers. Long Division. Rounding Whole Numbers. Roots and Order of Operations. Solving Application Problems. Summary. Review Exercises. Test. 2. Multiplying and Dividing Fractions. Fractions. Basics of Fractions. Mixed Numbers. Factors. Writing a Fraction in Lowest Terms. Multiplication of Fractions. Applications of Multiplication. Dividing Fractions. Multiplication and Division of Mixed Numbers. Summary. Review Exercises. Test. Cumulative Review Exercises Chapters 1-2. 3. Adding and Subtracting Fractions. Adding and Subtracting Like Fractions. Least Common Multiples. Adding and Subtracting Unlike Fractions. Adding and Subtracting Mixed Numbers. Order Relations and the Order of Operations. Summary. Review Exercises. Test. Cumulative Review Exercises Chapters 1-3. 4. Decimals. Reading and Writing Decimals. Rounding Decimals. Adding Decimals. Subtracting Decimals. Multiplying Decimals. Dividing Decimals. Writing Fractions as Decimals. Summary. Review Exercises. Test. Cumulative Review Exercises Chapters 1-4. 5. Ratio and Proportion. Rates. Proportions. Solving Proportions. Applications of Proportions. Summary. Review Exercises. Test. Cumulative Review Exercises Chapters 1-5. 6. Percent. Basics of Percent. Percents and Fractions. The Percent Proportion. Identifying the Parts in a Percent Problem. Using Proportions to Solve Percent Problems. The Percent Equation. Applications of Percent. Simple Interest. Compound Interest. Summary. Review Exercises. Test. Cumulative Review Exercises Chapters 1-6. 7. Measurement. The English System. The Metric System-Length. The Metric System-Capacity and Weight (Mass). Applications of Metric Measurement. Metric-English Conversions and Temperature. Summary. Review Exercises. Test. Cumulative Review Exercises Chapters 1-7. 8. Geometry. Basic Geometric Terms. Angles and Their Relationships. Rectangles and Squares. Parallelograms and Trapezoids. Triangles. Circles. Volume. Pythagorean Theorem. Similar Triangles. Summary. Review Exercises. Test. Cumulative Review Exercises Chapters 1-8. 9. Basic Algebra. Addition and Subtraction of Signed Numbers. Multiplication and Division of Signed Numbers. Order of Operations. Evaluating Expressions and Formulas. Solving Equations. Solving Equations with Several Steps. Applications. Summary. Review Exercises. Test. Cumulative Review Exercises Chapters 1-9. 10. Statistics. Graphs. Bar Graphs and Line Graphs. Frequency Distributions and Histograms. Mean, Median, and Mode. Summary. Review Exercises. Test. Cumulative Review Exercises Chapters 1-10. Appendixes. Appendix A. Scientific Calculators. Appendix B. Inductive and Deductive Reasoning. Answers to Selected Exercises. Solutions to Selected Exercises. Index. Video Correlation Guide.


In the context that Zhejiang Province is balancing urban and rural development,and constructing beautiful country,only by focusing on country development and farmers ' demands,enlarging investment,strengthening the construction of rural cultural personnel,exerting the principal role of farmers,and perfecting correlative system and mechanism,can the prosperous development of rural cultural construction be further promoted,which offers strategic support for the construction of a culture-rich province and an overall socialistic well-off society in the lead.


Safflower is an important oilseed crop and is largely grown for edible oil production in low moisture or salt- affected soils of Turkey. The objective of the study was to find out the quality of seeds with different sized seeds, and the effects of seed size (3, 4 and 5 mm) and NaCl stresses at electrical conductivities of 5, 10, 20 and 30 dS m -1 on the germina- tion and early seedling growth of the safflower cultivar Dincer. Our results show that heavier one-thousand-seed weight (70.5 g) and higher hull percentage (52.9 %) were obtained from large seeds while the oil content and water uptake of small seeds was higher than that of medium or large seeds. Germination percentage, germination time, root length, shoot length, and seedling fresh and dry weight showed size-dependent responses of the seeds to salt stress. In general, medium-sized (4 mm) seeds germinated more rapidly compared to small and large seeds against all levels of salt stress; however, the highest germination percentage and most vigorous seedling growth was recorded from large seeds after 10 days incubation. The inhibitory effect of NaCl levels was exhibited a drastic effect on seedling growth. Increased NaCl resulted in an increase in the Na + and Cl - content of the seedlings produced by all seed sizes, while the K + content was not changed. However, the seedlings from small seeds had the highest Na + and Cl - content of all measured NaCl levels. It was concluded that large seeds produced vigorous seedling growth due to a lower ion accumulation under NaCl stress. Consequently, large seeds could be used for successful stand establishment in contrast to their slow germination performance if the cultivation of safflower on saline soils is required.


E-democracy is very possible to exist in many places regarding some phenomenon such as the more accessible and familiar the using of internet, the existence of Law No. 14 of 2008 forcing public institution to share public information, and the emergence of government's official website as a tool to distribute public information and interact with people. Unfortunately, e-democracy does not automatically emerge when the existence of people is still ignored. This paper examines the opportunity of transformation for e-government on www.kalbarprov.go.id to be e-democracy. The way to examine is by analyzing the ability of the website to stimulate people to participate more actively in the development and government.


The effect of phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) on plant growth and development was irreplaceable. Based on random sampling of several plant species in the west campus of University of Jinan, the concentration of leaf P and K were measured by the total nitrogen total phosphorus total potassium analyzer. The results showed that Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. has the highest concentration of P and K, reaching 395.08 mg/kg and 227.45 mg/kg, followed by locust Robinia pseudoacacia Linn.. Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle and Ligustrum quihoui Carr. has the lowest concentration of leaf P. The leaf P concentration of all plant species was higher than leaf K concentration except for skunk. Based on the soil nutrients status of study area, it was found that Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.and Robinia pseudoacacia Linn. could be appropriately expanded in the end.


Environmentalists exempted, most observers see only the treetops when it comes to appraising efforts to conserve, preserve, and sustain the country's—or even the world's—woodlands. They may recall the headline-making forest fights of the U.S. northwest that pitted labor against ecological interests in the Northern spotted owl controversy. They may know that rainforests are disappearing. They may have read early this year about the collaboration between governmental and environmental sectors to purchase 171,000 wooded acres of forest and lake lands in northern New Hampshire near the Canadian border, a deal that was consummated in March. Those lands are "the last great stretch of wilderness" in that part of the country, said Michael Powell in a front-page story in The Washington Post, and the deal "sounds another loud shot in the struggle between developers and environmentalists for control of the north woods." The sale aligns the federal and New Hampshire state governments with the Nature Conservancy and the Trust for Public Land as buyers of the tract from the International Paper Co. for about $43 million, each putting up a portion of the cost and admitting Lyme Timber, a new logging company that would pay $12 million and receive the right to take out trees on all but 25,000 acres that would be set aside as wilderness. The "working forest" aspect was important for the deal to work, a vice president of the Trust for Public Land said, even though that aspect angers some. "It's fine to say 'Don't cut another tree'," he told Powell, "but if we didn't buy now, we'd lose it" [1]. The purchase is similar to one five years ago in Vermont that involved the Vermont Land Trust, the Nature Conservancy of Vermont, and Atlas Timberland


The content of this thesis is a preview into the issue of depressive states of seniors. Above all, it is focused on the depressive states of seniors in institutions and in particular in Senior homes. It deals with the possibility of a connection of institutionalization with the occurrence of depression. It also looks at the quality of life of seniors in Senior homes.


The Dirichlet Model is used in marketing to provide a probability density function for the repeated purchases, by shoppers over a period of time, of the competing brands within a product category. The model is used to analyze a range of measures which report on the performance and competitive status of the brands. This Research Note provides an overview of the algebra and statistical theory of aspects of the Dirichlet Model. Specifically, it provides the algebra for using the parameter of the Dirichlet Model (or estimates) to generate the theoretical brand performance measures. These are marketing metrics such as market share, penetration, 100% loyals, share of category requirements and others. This algebra, which is critical to the further development of the Dirichlet Model, has not been previously documented. Program files to calculate the formulas are provided separately for both Excel and MATLAB.


But during 1950-60s the concept of programming education became famous. Its main ideas were offered by the American psychologist, F.Skinner (1904-1990). The process of teaching should be shown in plans or programs in which all different variants of teachers' questions and answers should be marked. At the beginning of 1970s the programming teaching started to be forgotten. New pedagogical researches proved that traditional practice was more effective than programmed teaching. The concept of problem education created by G.Brunner was more interesting now. It was based on pupils' intuition which gave them extra motivation to education but it failed. Finally we can say that the transition to the 21st century is characterized as a period of different ways to upbringing, education and teaching.


Previous work in our laboratory investigated the ability of ammonium glycyrrhizinate (GLA) and two related compounds (carbenoxolone and glycyrrhetinic acid) to inhibit the DNA-binding properties HMGB1 in an in vitro screening system based on a quantitative capillary electrophoresis mobility shift assay (CEMSA). Our results demonstrated that GLA and GAK inhibited the DNA-binding of HMGB1 at concentrations above the critical micelle concentration. Thus, the inhibitory effects were observed only under conditions where the triterpenes formed aggregates and not when the compounds were in solution. Literature evidence suggests that compounds capable of forming aggregates inhibit or activate unrelated proteins including chymotrypsin, b-lactamse, b-galactosidase and alkaline phosphatase. The present work investigates the possible promiscuous nature of the inhibition of HMGB1/DNA interactions observed for GLA derivatives. The model proteins used in the study were glutathione Stransferase (GST) and alkaline phosphatase. Our results indicate that the GLA derivatives tested do not inhibit enzyme activity in the enzymes tested. On the contrary, GLA activated GST while GAK activated alkaline phosphatase. Taken together with our previous results, the present data suggest that GLA and GAK could be utilized in the inhibition of macromolecular interactions with minimal effects on cellular enzymes.


Dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibilities and rate and extent of disappearance of feed byproducts (cotton seed cake, wheat bran), legumes [berseem (Egyptian clover), lucerne (Medicago sativa), cowpea (Vigna sinensis)], grasses fmaize (Zea mays), millet (Panicum miliaceum), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare)] and wheat straw were determined in ruminally fistulated male cow calves. The in situ DMD and NDF digestibility (NDFD) of feed byproducts (FBP) and legumes were higher than grasses. Extent of DM digestion did not follow the same pattern as DMD and was lower in legumes than in grasses.


Coconut oil has excellent tribological properties compared to many vegetable oils, but its deprived pour point characteristics restrict its use as base oil in the development of lubricants. Hence, through chemical modification (alkali-catalysed transesterification), coconut oil is converted into coconut oil methyl ester (CME) thereby improving the pour point from 27°C to −5°C. In the present study, calcium based grease was developed from coconut methyl ester and its tribological properties were evaluated and compared to a commercial sample of the same grade. NLGI grade 3 grease was developed by mixing calcium stearate thickener with CME having premixed additives (TCP-antiwear, Oleic acid-antifriction and Eva-viscosity improver). Tribological properties (consistency, rolling stability, water washout, friction, wear, and corrosion) of the newly formulated grease were evaluated and compared to a commercial sample. Operating temperature of this newly formulated grease was found to be between −7°C and 108°C. Performance of the grease samples was studied using 0.5 HP centrifugal pump. Efficiency, discharge and power consumption of the pump were found to be 6.9%, 1.8% and 4.7% more efficient while using newly formulated grease when compared to commercial sample. These tribological and performance studies infer that the newly formulated grease was competent enough with the commercial sample.


The invention discloses a self-thermal-insulation laminated slab type shear wall with built-in hidden supports. The shear wall comprises precast concrete layers, a thermal insulation plate, a cast-in-situ concrete layer, transverse steel bars, vertical steel bars, lattice steel bars, stirrups, U-shaped joint bars, a foundation beam and diagonal stiffeners (the hidden supports). The lattice steel bars are welded to the vertical steel bars located on one side, then are pressed into another precast concrete layer, and mainly play roles in enabling the precast concrete layers to be connected and enabling a laminated layer and the cast-in-situ concrete layer to operate collaboratively; the U-shaped joint bars are located at the bottom of the shear wall and enable the foundation beam and a wall body to be stressed collaboratively; the thermal insulation plate is arranged between the laminated layer and the cast-in-situ concrete layer and can improve the thermal insulation performance of the wall body. The diagonal stiffeners (the hidden supports) are welded to a steel bar framework formed by the transverse steel bars and the vertical steel bars to enhance the shearing resistance of the wall body under the earthquake action and meanwhile enable the foundation beam and the wall body to be stressed collaboratively.


"The whole of science is nothing more than a refinement of everyday thinking" Albert Einstein. As a result, the author of this research book strongly believes that the book records and showcases what happened and what is happening in the life of the people following the emergence of a postmodern thinking. Therefore, if you need a clear and concise overview of postmodernism as a thought and its impact on literature, history, culture, identity, tradition…you have to read this research book. This is due to the fact that the book will have a life-enhancing impact on a number of people internationally. However, researchers that work on human affairs, students under social science streams, instructors that work on literary theory, critics and writers ,this is a book intended to meet and develop your habit of both reading and learning cross -culturally. Major topics explained in the book are:  Conceptual coverage of 'postmodernism' theory  Parameters of postmodernism  Meta narratives skeptical by postmodernism  History, literature, identity vis-a-vis postmodernism  Synopsis of sample Amharic prose narratives


Introduction. Androgen production decreases with men's age, which is a result of the natural process of ageing. Total testosterone concentration decreases by average 1% a year. This process results in specific signs and symptoms, which are not only associated with the sexuality, but also negatively affect the bone mineral density and body content, increase the likelihood for metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. If low testosterone concentration is accompanied by hypogonadism clinical manifestations, the diagnosis is Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome (TDS). It is estimated that the syndrome affects 6–12% of men older than 45 years. The diagnosis is based on measuring testosterone concentration and assessing clinical manifestations. TDS is typically treated with testosterone replacement therapy. Leveling off testosterone deficiency results in better quality of life, sexual efficiency and beneficially affects many metabolic parameters. In practice, it influences the length and quality of life significantly. The present-day therapy is mainly based on testosterone esters used intramuscularly or 1% and 2% testosterone gel (topically). Another method, which has been known for over 50 years and is now enjoying its renaissance, is inducing testosterone endosynthesis by administering hCG. Yet, regardless of which therapy is applied, the most important is to establish standards for testosterone deficiency and standards for normal age-related testosterone levels, which will make the reference values in therapy. The present study is the first attempt worldwide to establish reference values for T concentrations in different age groups. Material and methods. The basis for defining reference values of testosterone concentration in various age groups was a retrospective analysis of 1267 men examined, including 908 treated for TDS at the MAG Medical Center in Warsaw between 2000 and 2007. The therapeutic method was that of inducing T endosynthesis by administering hCG. Results. The analysis of the patients treated revealed that TDS manifestations relieve at much higher T concentrations than what has been believed so far. T concentrations reached during the therapy resulted from physiological synthesis of testosterone in Leydig's cells. These results were the basis for establishing reference T concentrations relevant for particular age groups. Conclusions. The own material presented in the paper shows that the minimal values of testosterone treated as reference values so far at which testosterone treatment is recommended to be initiated, are definitely too low. Introducing T therapy only when the testosterone deficit has resulted in irreversible anatomical changes and lesions seems to be clearly delayed, and is harmful to men. Polish Sexology 2010; 8 (1): 1–16