The representation of stratocumulus clouds, and of the stratocumulus to cumulus transitions which are ubiquitous features of marine boundary layer clouds, remains a challenge for climate models. We show how a mass flux representation of boundary layer convective structures combined with an eddy diffusivity scheme, the "thermal plume model," first developed to represent cumulus clouds, can also adequately simulate stratocumulus and the stratocumulus to cumulus transition in a climate model. To achieve this, the detrainment formulation, in which detrainment increases for increasing negative buoyancy, has to be slightly modified: the buoyancy of a thermal plume parcel of air is computed by comparing the virtual potential temperature θv,th of the parcel with that of the surrounding environment θv,env at a given distance above instead of at the same level. This is consistent with the picture of detrained air parcels that experience some overshoot and reach a final destination at a level lower than the one at which they effectively leave the cloud or organized convective plume. The impacts of this modification are documented both for selected cases of stratocumulus, in comparison with large‐eddy simulations, and in full 3‐D climate simulations, in comparison with satellite observations of cloud cover. The modified scheme provides a uniform treatment of the dry convective boundary layer, of cumulus clouds, of stratocumulus, and of the transition from stratocumulus to cumulus. It is included in the most recent version of the LMDZ atmospheric general circulation model.


4 Abstract: Rose flower is one of the most important cut-flowers, with the highest world production rate. The main problem of rose flower is its short vase life. Polyamines are involved in a wide range of metabolic processes in plants. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of polyamines on vegetative and reproductive growth and vase life of rose plants (Rosa hybrida cv. Dolcvita) in soil-less cultures. The experiments were carried out in a randomized completely design with ten treatments and four replications. Treatments included: Putrescine at the rates of 0,1,2 and 3 mM, Spermidine at the rates of 0, 0.5,1 and 1.5 mM, Spermine at the rates of 0, 1,2 and 4 mM applied as foliar sprays on two months old of Rose plants cv Dolcvita. Data were analyzed using the MSTAT-C program by performing analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by LSD Test at P = 0.05. Results showed that the effects of foliar application of polyamines on the length of flower stalks, flower stalks fresh weight; vase life, flower buds diameter and flower buds length were significant. The highest and lowest flower stalks length were obtained in nutrient solutions containing 1.5mM spermidine and in control with 100.66 and 71 cm respectively and the highest vase life was obtained in solutions containing 0.5mM spermidine and also in solutions containing 1mM spermine. The data obtained in this study suggested that polyamines have significant effects on rose properties and quality. Abbreviations: PAs-Polyamines. Put-Putrescine. Spd-Spd. Spm-Spermine. 1-amino-cyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid-ACC.


Abstract : Theoretical and experimental studies were performed to investigate the feasibility for the formation of fusible links by using thin Aluminum films. The results of this research indicate that, by using the Aluminum films of 100 to 200 angstroms in thickness, it is possible to obtain links with fusing currents on the order of 10 milliamperes. These values may be acceptable for the fabrication of large area MOS-gated power devices.


Considering that extraction methods have effects on the results,we optimized the extraction conditions such as soil nitrate extraction agents,oscillation time,sedimentation time,and water and soil ratio through the laboratory experiments,using the Lou Soil and Dark Lou Soil as the test materials in Guanzhong and Weinan,respectively.The results showed that extraction agents,oscillation time and sedimentation time had great effects on the nitrate amount extracted,while the effect of the water and soil ratio was insignificant.The optimum extraction method in this study was to use saturated CaSO4 as an extraction agent,with an oscillation time of 10 minutes and a sedimentation time of 5 minutes,which was indicated by a more precise result and higher extraction efficiency.


Based on the analysis of existing research results of rock creep mechanism,the mudstone in Nanning Basin is taken as the mainly research object;and its creep property is deeply discussed by a series of tests under unconfined uniaxial compression and confined uniaxial compression.Especially,the creep changes of meso-and micro-structure are researched combining with scanning electron microscope(SEM) images of mudstone.It's indicated that the creep mechanism of the argillaceous soft rock is the result of the interaction between the damage effect and hardening effect.It is reasonable to explain and illustrate the mechanism of three creep phases by using the comprehensive curves,which include the creep curve,the damage effect curve and the hardening effect curve:at the first stage,hardening effect is much stronger than the damage effect and the creep mainly obeys the decay law of hardening effect at this stage;at the second stage,the damage effect is stronger than the hardening effect,and the creep mainly obeys the constant-rate law of the damage effect at this stage;at the third stage,the hardening effect disappears and the creep obeys the acceleration law of the damage effect.The creep mechanisms of the argillaceous soft rock and the metal materials are different in terms of magnitude of objects and the mechanism.


Background: Conyza stricta L. (Horse weed) is an annual problematic weed in an agricultural ecosystem and considerably decreases the crop yield and quality. Objective: To determine the most effective pre and post emergence herbicides and their dose to control C. stricta in sugarcane crop. Methods: A two years field study comprised of six herbicides treatments along with weedy check and hand weeding. The design of study was RCBD with three replications. Results: Hand weeding recorded more leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR), biological and stripped yield. However, greater LAI, CGR and NAR, biological and stripped yield were recorded by acetochlor + atrazine at the rate of 2,715 g ha-1 (pre emergence) and dicamba at the rate of 466 g ha-1 (post emergence). All the treatments produced statistically comparable harvest index except weedy check, which produced less harvest index. Minimum C. stricta density and dry weight were recorded for acetochlor + atrazine at the rate of 2,715 g ha-1 and dicamba at the rate of 466 g ha-1. Acetochlor + atrazine at the rate of 2,715 g ha-1 (pre emergence) and dicamba at the rate of 466 g ha-1 (post emergence) gave better C. stricta control with high herbicides efficiency index. Conclusion: Acetochlor + atrazine at the rate of 2,715 g ha-1 (pre emergence) or dicamba at the rate of 466 g ha-1 (post emergence) may be used for efficient control of C. stricta in sugarcane.


It is now axiomatic that challenging behaviors are defined more profitably by their functions (their motivations) than by their topographies (what they look like). The notion that challenging behaviors can be defined on the basis of their function has led in the past 30 years to a dramatically reconfigured approach to assessment and intervention. This article provides a description of the conceptual and historical foundations of function-based interventions, with an emphasis on the significance of these developments for the field of early childhood intervention. In addition, the authors consider some of the major issues related to challenging behaviors for current practice and future research.


For and About Regional Development (PSDR) is the largest French research program focused on the analysis of rural and periurban dynamics. It is designed as both a process of scientific knowledge production, and building methods and tools for decision and action in the territories. In this paper we intend to analyze the contribution of the PSDR program in the construction and diffusion of agricultural and rural development models. The specificity of PSDR research devices and their integration in regional arrangements on research and action for regional development is analyzed. We show what kind of knowledge is produced, how it questions agricultural practices and rural development policies at regional level, and also the influence of these processes in terms of structuring networks and cognitive communities at local and interregional levels. In that way, we can assess the innovative role of the PSDR program concluding on its influence on "niches" organization standards diffusion, or transition process. The mobilized data to lead our analysis consist of a detailed knowledge of the PSDR device from our experience of management of the program and various documents produced by projects and animation teams in each of the ten regions involved in the program.


Romanticism , an internal base for human conducts, mainly refers to a psychological state of subsistence and an attitude towards life. It is a new angle for readers to decode Wind's Wistling. Romanticism in this novel goes beyond the story's superficial meaning and becomes an internal structure that projects the novel's spirit and gist.


Assessment of the ex‐vivo myocardial tissue and cellular stiffness may be directly applicable to early‐diagnosis and treatment of the progression of myocardial infarction pre‐ and post‐ stem‐cell therapy. This study quantifies the cellular elasticity of HL‐1 (Claycomb) cardiomyocytes. HL‐1 cells were thawed from a cryo‐preserved state, cultured and reproduced until a stable line was maintained. Two separate batches were created and were maintained in the Claycomb medium, enriched with Fetal Bovine Serum, penicillin/streptomycin, norepinephrine and L‐glutamine. They were subsequently studied under a QscopeTM 350 (Quesant Instrument Corporation, California, USA) AFM device, with sphere shaped cantilever tips (NanoAndMore GmbH, Germany) having a radius R=0.8 μm and a spring constant of k=0.05 N/m. The tip approaching speed ranged between 0.3‐0.6 μm/s and the indentation depth was approximately 1.4 μm. The Young's modulus (E) for the elasticity was extracted after appropriate fitting of the AFM nanoidentation curves according to the Hertzian model. A mean cellular stiffness of E=1.55±0.15 kPa (n=50, mean±SE) was elicited compared to an epicardial value of ex‐vivo sectioned LV tissue Eepi=14.7±0.8 kPa (from male C57BL/6 mice in Kreb's), published previously. Cellular elasticity measurements are demonstrated with a potential usefulness to myocardial stem‐cell therapy post‐myocardial infarction.


This paper describes the operations to control the Moon impact of the 3-axis stabilized spacecraft SMART-1 in September 2006. SMART-1 was launched on 27/09/2003. It was the first ESA mission to use an Electric Propulsion (EP) engine as the main motor to spiral out of the Earth gravity field and reach a scientific moon orbit [1]. During September 2005 the last EP maneuvers were performed using the remaining Xenon, in order to compensate for the 3rd body perturbations of the Sun and Earth. These operations extended the mission for an additional year. Afterwards the EP performance became unpredictable and low, so that no meaningful operation for the moon impact could be done. To move the predicted impact point on the 16/8/2006 into visibility from Earth an alternative Delta-V strategy was designed. Due to their alignment, the attitude thrusters could not be used directly to generate the Delta-V, so this strategy was based on controlled angular momentum biasing. Firing along the velocity vector around apolune, the remaining Hydrazine left from the attitude control budget was used, to shift the impact to the required coordinates.


Abstract : What government insiders call the interagency process- or, even worse, "the interagency" has generally developed without consistent central control or direction. Given the American government's structure, intended from its founding to favor checks and balances over efficiency, this lack of interagency coherence is not surprising. One institution, however, stands as a model of interagency cooperation and coordination at its most effective: the civilian political advisor, or POLAD, assigned to advise the most senior officers of the U.S. military.


The Nagy-Magyar Alföld, the Great Hungarian Plain, lies within the Carpathian crescent, between the last foothills of the Alps and the South Slavic and Transylvanian mountain ranges. The Danube and the Tisza meander slowly through it, carrying their muddy waters to the narrow passage of the Iron Gates. The landscape here—the wide horizons shimmering in the heat of summer with unreal outlines, the crossed well-poles like slanting T's, the endless fields alternately of wheat and maize, the alkali-rimmed lakes, the lack of trees, the occasional stretches of empty steppe with not a single human being in sight—is to anyone from the tree-clad mountain slopes across the Danube a startling contrast. The visitor will soon discover that the character of the region and the traditions of its people have combined in the course of history to create here unique social forms.


Greeting is one of linguistic marker whose function is the sign of illocution or politeness marker. Besides that, greeting also has function to strengthen communication relationship of interparticipants. The writing is a description of the usage of greeting in interactive communication of interspeakers, of Buginese language based on gender. Therefore, the analysis used is descriptive qualitative method through collecting data on Buginese speaker in triangulation way: observation, interview, and writing note. Some phenomena of male and female speech, are found that both always use different pragmatic greetings. Its result describes that there are four common forms of greeting used by by male and female speakers in Buginese language, those are (1) greeting of vertical and social kinship (2) professional greeting, and (3) solidarity greeting. The phenomena of Buginese greeting usage are different among male and female speakers. Contrastive feature is much influenced by aim, situation, and speech context that become the setting of speech.


Introduction In the last decade, concentration of particulate matter with diameter ≤10µg/m3 (PM10) in Lombardy, Italy, (10 million inhabitants) has been gradually decreasing. We estimated how the P...


Objective: To research the CT and MRI detection in early diagnosis of avascular necrosis of the femoral head(ANFH).Method: 57 cases with ANFH were detecting 91 hips by CT and MRI.Result: In 57 cases 71 hips with normal X-ray.There're 41 cases positive of CT and MRI detection.In the negtive of X-ray result,who were detected by CT and MRI,and then compared the disadvantage of CT and MRI.The positive rate of dectection is 75%~80% and 80%~90% respectively in early diagnosis of ANFH by CT and MRI.MRI is superior to CT.Conclusion: It's the best way to detect ANFH by MRI.


The correlation between labor productivity and indicators reflecting the influence of socio-economic and innovative factors in the regions of Russia for 2015-2018 were evaluated. For each year, according to statistics from 82 regions of Russia, econometric models are constructed that allow obtaining elasticity coefficients of labor productivity by capital-labor ratio, foreign investment, average monthly wage, income inequality, producer price index of industrial goods, export share in gross regional product. The prospects of economic policy aimed at increasing labor productivity were estimated.


The discovery of hybrid fire ants, Solenopsis invicta × S. richteri, in northwest Georgia at a more northern latitude than S. invicta led to an investigation into the hybrid's ability to withstand ...


Male infertility is a worldwide problem, as in about one in five infertile couples; the sole reason is the male partner. Amongst the various etiological factors responsible for male infertility, acute and chronic genital tract infections constitute a significant part. Different microorganisms have been linked with male infertility; with varying levels of association. These microorganisms have been known to employ different mechanisms ranging from direct effect on spermatozoa such as reduced motility, agglutination, loss of acrosomal reaction, to an indirect effect by inducing leukocytospermia that can adversely affect spermatozoa. They may also lead to deterioration of spermatogenesis, loss of sperm function and/or blockage of the seminal tract. This review summarizes the various patho mechanisms being employed by different microorganisms for causing decreased reproductive potential.


Begg's music shop, possibly in Dunedin. View includes a range of musical goods and and household appliances. Morphy Richard is advertised. Photograph taken circa 1960s-1970s by an unidentified photographer.
Source of descriptive information - Date and possible location from description of PA1-q-110.
Quantity: 1 b&w original photographic print(s).
Physical Description: Silver gelatin print, 19.3 x 25 cm, on album page


The Ethernet passive optical network is focused on.To take advantage of its uplink bandwidths,and make full use of its functions,three algorithms are introduced.They are the algorithm about interleaved polling with adaptive cycle time,the algorithm based on the service quality of the dynamic bandwidth allocation and the algorithm based on service quality and prediction.In term of the business service quality,these algorithms are compared with each others.With the help of OPNET,their performances are simulated.The experimental results show that,the algorithm based on service quality and prediction is superior to the others,it can improve uplink bandwidths utilization ratio of the system.


The tamping technology, pore forming, quality inspection and other construction techniques in foundation treatment using lime soil compaction pile are introduced, which is a simple and effective measure to eliminate collapsibility, enhance bearing capacity and reduce compressibility of foundation.


A13 Our previous paper reported that using the VAS, the hypodermic needle was significantly more painful compared to the 180 μm and 280 μm microneedle devices.3 The audio recordings capture rich data from each participant. An example of one subject's comments follows. After the first application (280 μm) they narrated "Feels as if there is something being pressed down. He's taken his hand off". The response to the second application (hypodermic) "Now its quite sharp, can feel something going in, inside. Yer it's really painful". And to the final one (180 μm) "There's quite firm pressing down. Feel it going in. More discomfort than the first one". When asked to compare the three applications this subject responded:


This paper reviews the development in CALL research and the currently acknowledged guide-lines for CALL designing.Following these guidelines,the author designed an English learning Web pageof her own.Target learners,rationale,designing aids,as well as the lesson plan using the Web page,areincluded.


Abstract This paper explores how population displacement operated in Lithuania in the immediate post-WWI period. In 1918 the disintegration of the old imperial polity led to the emergence of a Lithuanian state. Beyond the field of battle, the struggle to maintain the independence of Lithuania was characterised by an intense process of state and nation-building. All this hectic activity was accompanied by population displacement on a scale first witnessed in 1915–16. Unlike the military campaigns, these state-building efforts did not come to an end in 1920. My argument is that population displacement presented the Lithuanian authorities with an opportunity to claim and to establish Lithuanian refugees as potential members of a new nation-state, thereby defining its spatial, demographic and cultural boundaries. The newly formed Lithuania offered a potential political homeland for tens of thousands of war refugees of various ethnic groups who had lived in the former north-western provinces before 1914, but who were displaced by war. According to rough estimates, the total number of Lithuanian refugees who settled in the Russian interior stood at 550,000 at the beginning of 1918. My paper explores their fate in the post-war period as well as official policies of the new Lithuanian state adopted towards the refugees. The logic of the homogenising national state required that the refugees had to be persuaded or forced to abandon their divergent and multiple identities born in exile and rooted down in the single space of the national homeland. Nevertheless, the spatial pattern of 'the homeland' was still in flux, due to the border wars between Lithuania, Soviet Russia and Poland in 1918–20. As a result, some refugees were excluded from the ranks of Lithuanian citizenry. Their difficult situation was further aggravated by famine in Russia in 1921, which called for cooperation between Soviet Russia, Lithuania, Poland and Latvia. Thus, on the one hand, the refugees served as a focus for the propaganda of the belligerent states, while on the other hand their uncontrollable movement compelled governments to co-operate. The paper is based on two collections of primary documents: the files of the Lithuanian Ministries of the Interior and Foreign Affairs.


A complex system is to be placed in the field for a fixed period. During the period only the spares initially provided may be used to replace components that have failed. Independence of failures is assumed among the essential components considered. Given the cost of components, the number of like components of each type simultaneously operating, the length of operation scheduled for each component, the failure distributions of components, a general mathematical solution is obtained for the composition of the spare parts kit which maximizes assurance of continued operation during the period, subject to a fixed budget for spares. Explicit formulas are obtained in the case of exponential failure distributions, constructive procedures in the case of monotone likelihood ratio densities. Fortunately, the identical mathematical model is applicable in determining the optimal allocation of redundancy in designing system reliability under a weight or cost restraint.


Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical (MOEM) accelerometers employing a cantilever beam and anti resonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) on a silicon is analyzed. Two types of MOEM accelerometers and a closed loop operation that can enhance the performance significantly compared to MEMS accelerometer is presented. As a typical example our study shows a MOEM accelerometer with a minimum detectable acceleration of 0.255 μ g/√Hz, a dynamic range of 160g, scale factor stability of 1.57 ppm/°c and shock survivability of more than 1000 g.


Personal goals and interests play an important role in human development because they orient
people's life planning, decision-making and also, therefore, their future life course. The article
presents the findings of a research which explores the eventual differences between Slovenian
and Croatian sample in agency-oriented and communion-oriented life goals and the analysis of
significant predictors of above mentioned life goals on both samples. The research included 924
adults of both genders, aged between 21 and 70 years from Slovenia and Croatia. In the study we used the scale of Goals (Pohlman
and Brunstein, 1997) and a set of questions regarding various participant's life domains and
their perceived importance. The results show significant differences on agency- oriented and
communion- oriented life goals between the Slovenian and Croatian sample; in both cases croatian
participants reach higher results than those from slovenina sample. As significant predictors in
both samples were identified (a) age and importance of effective use of free time for
agency-oriented goals, and (b) and gender, parenthood, importance of parenthood and importance of
effective use of free time for communion- oriented life goals. The differences in results are
explained by respective levels of social modernisation and social welfare, given the fact the
Slovenian respondents are embedded in the social environment that offers more possibilities for
fullfilment of their life goals, and are closer to postmaterialism and
individualism.


The strain dependence of the elastic and the anelastic behavior of filled elastomers is discussed in the light of recent experiments on carbon-black filled rubber as well as on sodium chloride filled polyurethane. The latter experiments suggest that the apparent creep of filled elastomers is the manifestation of the gradual change of the elastic moduli resulting from the loss with strain of effective filler matrix interaction, rather than a truly viscoelastic phenomenon. N recent years linear viscoelastic analysis of an assumedly homogeneous, isotropic and thermorheologically simple medium has been accepted as a standard procedure for evaluating the structural integrity of solid-propellant rocket motors.1 Although it is generally recognized that, on the microscale, the solid propellant is neither continuous nor homogeneous, the previously mentioned idealization is assumed to be "permissible with important exceptions, such as stress induced anisotropy and fracture origins," on the basis of the purported similarity of the effect of microstructure in such materials with those in "concrete, asphalt or for that matter metals7' (Ref. 1, p. 785). Coupling this assumption with the desire to introduce the "least amount of analytical complexity," the way is opened for the application of the classical methods of linear viscoelastic analysis using the various well established procedures of material characterization and the "correspondence principle" between elastic and linear viscoelastic solutions of boundary value problems, the implicit assumption being that the relevant range of structural performance coincides, for all practical purposes, with the range of infinitesimal or, at least, of very small strains. Once these premises of the structural integrity analysis have been accepted, the further development is exclusively concerned with increasingly sophisticated analytical methods within the given framework, with their computerization and with increasingly elaborate generalizations. Unfortunately, the assumptions which have produced an accessible analytical theory have, at the same time, dissociated the analytical results from reality, simply because they have become irrelevant to the principal engineering purpose of the analysis, which is a realistic evaluation of structural integrity. The main reason for this dissociation is the fact that the highly filled elastomeric propellant can be represented by the linear viscoelastic medium only within the range of infinitesimal strains, which is not the range that is of particular relevance in structural integrity evaluation. The structurally relevant strain ranges are those of a) shorttime straining with strain rates of the order of up to 10 in./ in./sec during firing and flight, with maximum strains at the inner bore of the order of 10 to 60% reached in tens of milliseconds, b) of thermal strain cycling at rates of the order of 10~3 to 10~ 5 in./in./sec and maximum strains in the one to several percent range, and c) of long-time storage strains of a similar order of magnitude but considerably lower strain rates and material degradation. Although in materials other than solid propellants, the structural integrity analysis of which requires the consideration of


The utility model relates to a hoisting jack throttle valve, particularly to a long floor jack throttle valve capable of controlling lowering speed, which includes a throttle valve seat, and is characterized in that a throttle valve spring is arranged in a throttle valve seat hole; a steel ball is ejected on the throttle valve spring; a big oil outlet passage is outwardly arranged at the throttle valve seat hole; a small-diameter passage is arranged on the side of the throttle valve spring in the throttle valve seat hole; an oil suction port filter screen is arranged at an oil inlet of the throttle valve seat; and the diameter of the small-diameter passage is 0.3mm. When the throttle valve idles, the speed is quick, and the oil directly comes out of the big passage. When the pressure is high and the load is full, the steel ball downwardly pushes the spring, the oil returns through the small-diameter passage and slowly lowers, thereby enhancing the safety.


Abstract We evaluated relationships between residential development intensity and littoral zone habitat and disturbance characteristics in 332 Michigan lakes 4 ha and larger. We also developed a landscape-based model to estimate lakeshore status in more than 6500 unsampled lakes. Residential development had strong negative effects on large woody debris and strong positive effects on shoreline armoring and docks at both local and whole-lake scales. Lakes having greater cumulative residential development showed greater littoral zone impacts at local scales. Littoral habitats were more heavily impacted in larger lakes and in lakes in southern Michigan. Results of our predictive modeling identified the following as important predictors of residential shoreline development: the amount of urban land use, public ownership, and wetlands in a 100 m buffer around a lake as well as distance to major population centers. Statewide estimates of shoreline development showed that in southern Michigan only 8% of lakes were undeveloped and that 23% had low and 69% had high development intensity. In contrast, 30% of northern Michigan lakes were undeveloped and 48% had low and only 22% had high development intensity. Land planning policy and lake management should consider cumulative effects of lakeshore development as well as the effects of region and lake type. Our study provides the basis for developing regional strategies to protect, restore, and manage lake ecosystems.


We aim to support spontaneous and opportunistic human behavior by taking advantage of an emerging environment for mobile ubiquitous multimedia applications enabled by the fusion of adhoc networks, peer-to-peer computing, and media-rich mobile devices. Guided by an ethnographic study of spontaneous and opportunistic human behavior, a new concept, called the Bubble concept, is proposed that helps users navigate multimedia content made available in mobile ad-hoc networks. The concept is intended to guide the design of user interfaces that provide users with impulses that may trigger spontaneity and opportunism. We used the Bubble concept to design and implement a portable audio player application that provides music impulses to users. The application runs on WLAN-equipped iPAQs.


Integration between supplies for stationary power and vehicles is potentially useful for increasing the efficiency and the reliability of energy generation systems. Solid oxide fuel cell is one matured technology, which is suitable for a polygeneration system and provides an integration of supply for stationary power and vehicles. However, a combination of solid oxide fuel cell with photovoltaic thermal and thermoelectric generation increases the complexity of a polygeneration system. The system needs a management strategy for dispatching the energies produced. Therefore, in this work, a fuzzy energy management strategy was applied for this polygeneration system by considering two different configurations: an off-grid system with electric vehicle supply and an on-grid system with hydrogen vehicle supply. A two-stage fuzzy energy management strategy considering optimization and management of multi-parameters of the polygeneration components was considered. The evaluation of the optimum fuzzy was analyzed based on energy, economic, and environmental criteria. From the results obtained, the optimal strategy increased the reliability, energy, and system cost savings by 22.05%, 22.4%, and 32.58%, respectively. Moreover, the optimum management reduced the power loss of the polygeneration system by about 48.82%, which was achieved by the configuration with electric vehicles supply and off-grid connection.


Abstract The mere existence of competency standards for an occupation is not, in itself, enough to tell us whether they will be a help or a hindrance for education and training providers. Instead, that will depend on what sort of competency standards they are and how they are being used by the education and training providers. This paper will describe, firstly, the types of competency standards that would be a hindrance for vocational education and training providers and those that would be a help. Secondly, assuming that competency standards of the helpful type are available, the paper will outline the ways of using them that would still be detrimental to vocational education and training, and contrast this with ways of using them so as to improve the provision of vocational education and training. As against the widely held belief that competency standards require a totally new approach to vocational education and training, this paper argues that this is true only of the type of competency standards tha...


To describe the prenatal phenotype of the 11q deletion syndrome (Jacobsen syndrome) and present the molecular characterization of the deletion in the case presented.


Analysis of the voltage-field characteristics of superconducting niobium-titanium tapes is the objective of this work. We used both the original cold-rolled and heat-treated tapes, whose structure and texture we had studied in detail. We observed anisotropy in the upper critical field and the reduction of the transition width with increasing angle between the plane of tape and the direction of the magnetic field. In addition, we have registered a significant difference of the upper critical field values, obtained from the voltage-field characteristics and field dependence of the pinning force. Considering our results, we suggest an explanation of the observed features within the macro-inhomogeneity model.


Background: Surgical remission rates varies depending on surgeon experience, tumor size and biochemical criteria. Overall rates have been reported from 52 to 71% of remission after transsphenoidal surgery.Objective: assessment of surgical therapy results in 46 acromegalic patients operated on from 1982 to 2006. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 46 acromegalic patients who underwent transsphenoidal surgery, performed by the same surgeon, in our center. The remission criteria was defined as GH nadir levels less than 0,76 ng/dl, measured through chemiluminescence method (Immulite 2000) and a normal sex and age-adjusted IGF-I levels. Results: Patients mean age at diagnosis of acromegaly was 46 years, 54% were female; 14 (30%) and 32 (69%) of all patients present with diabetes and hypertension, respectively. Eleven (23%) patients had microadenoma and 35 (77%) had macroadenoma. Extrasellar growth of the tumor occurred in 8 (17%) patients. The median duration of follow up was 5 years (3 months to 24 years). After transsphenoidal surgery 69.6% of the patients achieved a biochemical remission. Remission rate was 100% for patients with microadenoma and 60% for those with macroadenoma. There was no significant difference between GH basal levels before surgery in the remission group comparing to the group not


Abstract
This paper presents the application of free/open source software (FOSS) for developing educational
in Supply Chain Management (SCM) course. There were abundant educational tools based F
applications. However, lecturer still faces problems to implement such an learning media for impro
the pedagogic experience i.e. customizing of software function, developing of a specific educat
media, and illustrating of a SCM course content. The purpose of this research is to design dyn
learning media for increasing efficiency in conveying subject matter of SCM course. We combin
mobile and/or web devices with FOSS of web service to design dynamic learning media. It has a mo
of real distribution problem in commodity paddy was captured. We design an interactive Web-based
Mobile-based application by using WSDL, PHP and My SQL, and SOAP. The result of the resea
Mobile & Web SCM application as dynamic learning media- will be able to improve the pedag
experience to students.
Keywords: Educational tool, FOSS, dynamic learning media, SCM course, the pedagogic approach.


The magnetoresistance of a disordered and highly interacting two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in a silicon (1 1 1) MOSFET has been measured in the presence of a magnetic 2eld parallel to the surface of the 2DEG. For high electronic densities, a linear negative magnetoconductance has been observed. The 2eld of complete spin saturation has been found to depend linearly on the density. From this result, we have determined the g∗m∗ product, which has been shown to decrease as the density is reduced. ? 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. PACS: 72.25.Dc; 71.10.Ay


Nowadays satellite antennas (Fig. 1) are made of CFRP composites as they are light weight and display outstanding dimensional stability compared to metal structures. Conductive structural adhesives are needed to ensure electrical continuity of adhesively bonded parts and to eliminate supplemental time-consuming operations like interpanel jumper cabling or silver brazing. Recently we reported highly conductive epoxy composites based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [1, 2]. According to Hansen [3] nickel nanostrands (NiNSs) are a very promising filler to produce highly conductive structural adhesives. In the present study we investigate the influence of the nanofiller type and concentration on the adhesive mechanical and electrical performances.


In the summer of 1988, three major truck incidents involving hazardous materials occurred on the Capital Beltway in Washington, D.C. The delays that were incurred and the social costs of the incidents, which ran into millions of dollars, are estimated in this paper. The impacts of policy options for reducing such delays and the associated costs are analyzed in the context of the three incidents.


Approaches to reduce operational risks in the Russian banks and conducted a comparative analysis. Considered indicative base method (BIA), standards tizirovanny method (TSA) and enhanced approach (AMA), as well as their practical application.


Aim of study to extend the implementation of Matlab to Mapreduce translation based on the M2M translation technique. Cloud computing is a service which provides services by handling massive amount of data. To handle it effectively it needs some technology like Hadoop. Hadoop is an open source project written in java. It is optimised to handle massive amount of data (structured, unstructured, semi-structured) through parallelism. Thus to achieve this parallelism Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) uses Mapreduce as a programming index. Here proposing a translator which converts Matlab commands to Mapreduce commands especially concentrated in executing some basic commands in Mapreduce environment to access large datasets. Matlab is a very effective tool for numerical computing since executing this command in a platform independent, distributed environment makes it more efficient.


The authors have directly measured a record low minimum noise figure (NFmin) of 0.46 dB at 10 GHz, along with a high 16.6 dB associated gain, in an 8-finger 90 nm node MOSFET (LG = 65nm) without de-embedding. At 18 GHz, NFmin was 0.83 dB with 13.5 dB gain. This was achieved using a microstrip line layout to screen the RF noise generated by the lossy substrate


Huainanzi builds up a grand world system through "Taoism",and this grand space-time system embraces rich wonderful extension of contents.In it seriousness is elaborated with wittiness,profundity with lightness,so that its literary flavor is expanded,illusionary imagination broadened,magic flavor demonstrated.An origin tracing provides the roots for later literary creation,and a good mastery offers insights into the fantasy literary creation in current times.


The hypothesis is that using a contrast-enhancing filter (CEF) on a computer display will improve display legibility, reading speed and visual comfort. Twenty subjects performed reading tasks, letter counting tasks, and legibility measurements on eight display conditions: a cathode ray tube (CRT) and liquid crystal display (LCD) matched for size and luminance – each at high luminance, with two different CEFs and a lower luminance to match one of the CEFs. The CEFs decreased both luminance and contrast when applied to the displays with the brightness set high, although the contrast was better with the filters compared to a matched luminance display without a filter. The legibility measurements support the positive effect of the CEFs due to improved contrast but the larger negative effect due to reduction in luminance results in a net loss of legibility. Performance on the reading and letter counting tasks was not improved with the CEFs.


The running condition in recent 3 years of the EMS 150 t/d continuous polycondensation plant which imported from Swiss was summarized.By analysing the characters of process and equipment of the plant,the economic running and feasibility of capacity increasing was discussed.


A blood glucose metre is a small, portable device that measures blood glucose levels. To avoid long-term complications from diabetes, careful blood glucose control is required. New blood glucose metres have a small size, a large memory capacity, blood glucose manipulation techniques, and computer-based data processing capabilities.
The Glucose Detection System is implemented in tandem with an improved Op-based Potentiostat and an automatic test system. This project's goal is to investigate an improved OP-based Three-Electrode Potentiostat that can be used in an Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor device to achieve comparable measurement accuracy. This Project enables us to make the Glucometer Cost-Efficient, Affordable and Easy to Use. They hold a lot of promise in the field of bio-detection on the go systems for use in health care and biomedicine.


Summary

The diet of seven fish species from the Rio de la Plata was studied to evaluate their behaviour as predators on the invasive bivalves Corbicula fluminea and Limnoperna fortunei. It was concluded that the teleosts Pterodoras granulosus, Pimelodus maculatus, Paraloricaria vetula and Ricola macrops prey upon C. fluminea, whilst Leporinus obtusidens, Rhinodoras dorbignyi and Brochiloricaria chauliodon feed on Lim. fortunei. These fish species had altered their diets to consume large amounts of these molluscs. Three of the fishes recorded here were previously unknown to feed on molluscs. The fishes studied here prey upon molluscs that ingest trace metals with their food items, thus monitoring the situation is suggested as several of these fish species are caught for human consumption.


Since 1978 many healthy children have been born after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, fulfilling the wishes of many previously childless couples. In vitro fertilization and subsequently developed methods (GIFT, intratubal embryo transfer) have contributed to progress in the diagnosis and treatment of unwanted childlessness. Furthermore these techniques have improved knowledge of ovarian function, fertilization and early embryo development.


The aim of the work reported here was to evaluate the effects of an adjuvant treatment composed of an association of vitamins with an amino acid: beta-alanine, in cancer patients. This adjuvant therapy has been given to 17 subjects with a squamous cell carcinoma of upper aerodigestive tract treated by radiotherapy most cases were T3 (according to the TNM-UICC). After a 63 months follow-up, 7 patients are alive and sterilized, 4 are alive but no sterilized, 2 died, 4 were excluded from the study. Besides a physical comfort improved in all our patients, we note a restoration of the immune defenses, both humoral and cellular, disturbed by radiotherapy. At last, we note an increase of survival in the patients treated by the adjuvant therapy, compared to a reference population of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of upper aerodigestive tract. Despite the limits of the study, it was interesting to report the positive effects of the therapeutical association, vitamins and beta-alanine, after a combined radio-surgical treatment of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of upper aerodigestive tract.


Abstract As a challenging topicin the field of computer vision, human action recognition has been widely used in many fields, such as virtual reality, intelligent man-machine and sports. Therefore, this paper proposed the method of decomposing and recognizing human body Wushu action based on computer three-dimensional image recognition. This method obtained the edge of body silhouette, and extracted each frame of image silhouette edge to achieve accumulation in the same image, and used the image motion feature vector to compose three-dimensional image, decomposition process of Wushu action based on the image recognition. Experiment shows that using three-dimensional image recognition can effectively decompose Wushu action.


Graphyne is an allotrope of carbon with excellent mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. The scientific community has been increasingly interested in its characterization and computational simulation, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT). The present work presents, for the first time (to the authors' knowledge), a finite element (FE) model to evaluate the elastic properties of graphyne. After presenting a brief literature review on the latest developments of graphyne and its mechanical characterization through computational methods, the FE model of graphyne sheet is presented in detail and the calculation of its elastic properties described. The linear elastic properties (Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, bulk modulus, and shear modulus) obtained from the proposed FE models are in general agreement with those previously obtained by other authors using more complex computational models (MD and DFT). The influence of van der Waals (vdW) interatomic forces on the linear elastic properties of planar graphyne is negligible and can be disregarded if small strain hypothesis is adopted. The FE models also show that graphyne exhibits marginal orthotropic behavior, that is, "quasi-isotropic" behavior, a fact that agrees with the conclusions reported by other researchers.


The Coulomb drag between two spatially separated one-dimensional (1D) electron systems in lithographically fabricated 2 µm long quantum wires is studied experimentally. The drag voltage VD shows peaks as a function of a gate voltage which shifts the position of the Fermi level relative to the 1D subbands. The maximum in VD and the drag resistance RD occurs when the 1D subbands of the wires are aligned and the Fermi wave vector is small. The drag resistance is found to decrease exponentially with interwire separation. In the temperature region 0.2 K⩽T⩽1 K, RD decreases with increasing temperature in a power-law fashion RD∝Tx with x ranging from -0.6 to -0.77 depending on the gate voltage. We interpret our data in terms of the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory.


Several different joint assemblies were evaluated in support of a manufacturing technology for diffusion bonding a beryllium armor tile to a copper alloy heat sink for fusion reactor applications. Because beryllium reacts with all but a few elements to form intermetallic compounds, this study considered several different surface treatments as a means of both inhibiting these reactions and promoting a good diffusion bond between the two substrates. All diffusion bonded assemblies used aluminum or an aluminum-beryllium composite (AlBeMet-150) as the interfacial material in contact with beryllium. In most cases, explosive bonding was utilized as a technique for joining the copper alloy heat sink to an aluminum or AlBeMet-150 substrate, which was subsequently diffusion bonded to an aluminum coated beryllium tile. In this approach, a 250 /spl mu/m thick titanium foil is used as a diffusion barrier between the copper and aluminum to prevent the formation of Cu-Al intermetallic phases. In all cases, a hot isostatic pressing (HIP) furnace was used in conjunction with canned assemblies in order to minimize oxidation and apply sufficient pressure on the assembly for excellent metal-to-metal contact and subsequent bonding. Several different processing schedules were evaluated during the course of this study; bonded assemblies were produced with up to 100% joint efficiency. At this writing, a beryllium-copper divertor mock-up has survived 1000 thermal cycles at 10 MW/m/sup 2/ without damage during testing at the electron beam test system (EBTS) facility at Sandia National Laboratory in New Mexico.


Highly permeable monolithic columns have been prepared directly within capillaries of various internal diameters by the in situ polymerization of high purity divinylbenzene, characterized, and used as novel stationary phases for gas-solid chromatography. The chromatographic properties of these columns are demonstrated by the efficient separation of mixtures of volatile organic compounds as well as their aqueous solutions.


The paper considers problems of bridge construction longevity that are connected with unfavorable ecological conditions: high content of S0 2 , C0 2 , NaCl, KC1 and other substances in air and water media; vibrations caused by automobile transport and pedestrians; synergism of these and other factors. The paper proposes the methods for increase of bridge longevity. A universal method in secondary protection of bridge constructions has been developed and it presupposes application of bitumen and oligomer material.


Our modelling results show a complex structure in the behavior of physical properties, in particular the seismic shear velocity, in the depth range of the mantle transition zone, 400-660 km. We demonstrate that this behavior is related to the distribution of mineral phases in the olivine-pyroxene system. Especially near cold downwelling flows, representing subducting lithopheric plates, the results of our model show strong lateral variation of mineral phases and associated shear velocity. We show that, typically, pockets of contrasting mineral phases smaller than 100 km occur in subduction regions. In line with current developments in seismic imaging of the mantle transition zone we have computed reflectivity profiles from the shear velocity distribution obtained from the convection results. We applied frequency filtering to the raw reflectivity data to investigate the requirements for resolving the heterogenous structure of the transition zone. Our results show that heterogeneous structure from contrasting mineral phase regions is resolved for periods of ten seconds which may be feasible in seismic imaging applications.


The effect of changes in serum sodium levels on the survival of patients with heart failure (HF) is unclear. We aimed to analyse the impact of serum sodium level trajectories on survival in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with HF.


Do parties matter in the Korean budgetary process? The presidential election of December 1997 brought about a dramatic power shift in Korea. The power shift took place just on the halfway in the period of the same legislative term of the 15th National Assembly. Hence, the national assembly before and after the power shift was under the dominant influence of two different parties. This study attempts to make an empirical analysis of the impact of this unique event upon the legislative budgetary process. Budgeting is a political process which results from bargaining between the state(the government) and the society(the people). Therefore the legislative budgetary review reflects the relationship between the government and the people. This study investigated the changes of the state-society relationship reflected in the budgetary process. The results show that significant differences were found not only in party behavior but also in resource allocation and budget size before and after the power shift. Political parties certainly did matter in the Korean budgetary process.


Among the speech synthesis approach, concatenative method is one of the most popular method which can produce more natural sounding speech output. The most important challenge in this method is choosing an appropriate unit for creating a database. The present used speech units are word, syllable, di-phone, tri-phone and phoneme. The speech quality may be trade-off between the selected speech units. This paper presents the three speech synthesis system of Myanmar language, respectively based on syllable, di-phone and phoneme speech units by using concatenation method. Then, we compare the speech quality of the three systems, using the subjective tests.


Objective
To investigate the characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases reported from a hospital during 2014-2018, and to provide a scientific basis for the epidemic management and department management in the hospital.

Methods
The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the information on notifiable infectious diseases in the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, which was reported from the general hospital during 2014-2018.

Results
During 2014-2018, the number of reported infectious disease cases reached the peak during June to August every year, and the most common diseases were hand, foot and mouth disease, bacillary dysentery, and other infectious diarrhea. There were more male than female cases, with the former accounting for 56.9%. The proportion of children aged 0-14 years was the highest among all age groups. The reported cases were mainly from the enteric diseases clinic, emergency department, and pediatric department.

Conclusions
Infectious diseases have seasonality in occurrence. During 2014-2018, intestinal infectious diseases were most common among all reported infectious disease cases; the number of cases of respiratory infectious diseases showed an increasing trend; the proportion of cases with viral infectious diseases increased. Much attention should be paid to the monitoring and control of infectious diseases in children.

Key words:
Report of infectious diseases; Monitoring; Epidemic characteristics


The measurement methods of atmospheric ozone content were introduced.Based on comprehensive analysis of a large amount of related literature at home and abroad,the methods,characteristics and application of ozone retrieval from atmospheric radiation were summarized,such as solar transmission radiation,ultraviolet scattering radiation,infrared radiation and microwave radiation.At last,the actuality of ozone retrieval by using atmospheric radiation and the existing problems in ozoine detection were summarized.


In this work, NH 4 Cl corrosion induced failure accompanied by H 2 S and CO 2 corrosion in the overhead systems of a hydrotreater was studied. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization techniques were used to evaluate the effect of temperature, low-level H 2 S and pH on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in NH 4 Cl-H 2 S-CO 2 coexisting environment. The results indicated the presence of H 2 S (10 ppm) that inhibited the corrosion of the carbon steel in the H 2 S-CO 2 NH 4 Cl corrosion system at 60 ℃. In this case, the minimum corrosion rate of 0.7 mm/y could be achieved. H 2 S played a key role in influencing the cathodic and anodic reactions. The corrosion rate increased rapidly with the increase in H 2 S concentration above >10 ppm, and the relationship between the corrosion rate and the concentration of H 2 S was established. The dominant cathodic reaction was found to be the carbonic acid reduction at pH > 4, meaning that H 2 S-CO 2 -NH 4 Cl induced corrosion can be effectively controlled by adjusting the content of H 2 S component.


The influence of the growth conditions in the incorporation of Mg dopant atoms during the growth of GaAs thin films using two different substrate orientations was investigated electrically by Hall effect measurements and by Photoluminescence spectroscopy. Mg-doped GaAs thin films were successfully grown by molecular beam epitaxy with free carrier concentration varying between ~1016 cm-3 to ~1019 cm-3. The wide doping range obtained is suitable to fabricate a great variety of optoelectronic devices. The analysis of the incorporation of Mg atoms for several growth temperatures established two values for the thermal desorption activation energy ED of Mg atoms in the GaAs surface, nominally ED111 = (1.94 ± 0.14) eV for the (111)B samples and ED100 = (1.11 ± 0.16) eV for the (100). Two very close bands were observed in the PL emission of the samples and identified as the electron-Mg acceptor level (e-A) transition, at approximately 1.49 eV, and the donor-to-Mg acceptor level (D-A) transition, at approximately 1.48 eV. At high doping levels a red shift of the e-A and D-A transitions was observed for the (111)B thin films, effect that are related to many-body interactions as the doping level increases.


This paper introduces the operating principle of impact crusher,determines the major parameters of PF1010 impact crusher,and summarizes the basic approach and procedure of impact crusher design calculation,thus can provide good reference to similar design.


Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of intrathoracic perfusion with reconbinant adenovirus p53(rAd-p53) and cisplatin combined with hyperthermia in lung cancer patients with pleural effusion.Methods 101 lung cancer patients with malignant pleural effusions were divided into two groups,52 patients in the observation group(rAd-p53 sequential pleural cisplatin perfusion combined with hyperthermia),49 patients in the control group(intrapleural perfusion with cisplatin combined with hyperthermia).The efficacy of treatment,quality of life and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results After treatment,the response rate(RR) in observation group was 80.8%,it was significantly higher than the control group which was 61.2%(P 0.05);The improvement rate of life quality in the observation group was 59.6%,and it was significantly higher than the control group which was 38.8%(P 0.05);The fever rate in observation group was 46.2% and 22.5% in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P 0.05).The digestive tract and bone marrow suppression occurred rate showed no significant difference between two groups(P 0.05).Conclusions The treatment of intrathoracic perfusion with rAd-p53 and cisplatin combined with hyperthermia in lung cancer patients with pleural effusion has a synergistic effect,and it can improve the short-term effect and improve the quality of life.


Mental health problems are a common presenting complaint in general practice. Ninety percent of patients with mental health conditions are managed in primary care and more than a third of general practice consultations are linked to mental health conditions. Despite short consultation times, the GP can play a key role in helping people with mental health problems by communicating effectively and liaising with appropriate voluntary and community sector organisations. This article aims to discuss techniques that the GP can use to engage with people with mental health problems and prevent further morbidity and mortality.


The article deals with the problem of substantiation of necessity of statistical data processing procedures during UAV operation. These procedures are used in case of realization of preventive maintenance at the use of operation strategy according to the condition with control of diagnostic variables. The quantitative estimation of data processing veracity was determined by simulation of availability coefficient estimation algorithm.


again there is no unifying summary, and the regional accounts are artificially divided along provincial boundaries. The Bear province is represented by only one paper describing a minute part of the province. The section on the South Province contains two good regional summaries. The final section on the mid-Proterozoic Grenville Province contains a useful general synthesis of the whole province divided into three sections. From the above account it will be clear that the usefulness of this book will depend on the requirements of the reader. Anyone expecting a convenient synthesis of regional metamorphism over the whole of the Canadian Shield will be disappointed. However, certain individual provinces are well described, and there is a wealth of detailed information and many excellent contributions relating to specific problems of widespread interest. Both the map and the book are highly recommended to all those with interest in the Canadian Shield. R.G.P.


Biological pretreatment is a cost-effective method of delignifying lignocellulosic biomass, making it less recalcitrant to hydrolysis into fermentable sugars. In this study, selected agricultural wastes were pretreated with mushrooms (Lentinus squarrosulus and Pleurotus ostreatus) to delignify them for bioethanol production. The substrates were supplemented with 0.2 % CaCO3, inoculated with 12 % (w/w) L. squarrosulus and Pleurotus ostreatus spawns and incubated at 25 C for 21 days. The highest lignin removal and highest bioethanol yield of 77.45 % and 13.98 % were obtained from bean husks pretreated with L. squarrosulus. Similarly, 64.29 % and 60.92 % lignin were removed from the Pleurotus ostreatus-pretreated banana leaves and sawdust, respectively, while 12.08 % and 13.05 % bio-ethanol yields were recorded, respectively. These findings demonstrate that affordable and straightforward mushroom delignification of abundant and cheap biomass can improve hydrolysis outcomes, thus easing bioethanol production.


Optimization techniques are widely used in embedded systems design to improve overall area, performance and energy requirements. Dynamic cache reconfiguration is very effective to reduce energy consumption of cache subsystems which accounts for about half of the total energy consumption in embedded systems. Various studies have shown that code compression can significantly reduce memory requirements, and may improve performance in many scenarios. In this paper, we study the challenges and associated opportunities in integrating dynamic cache reconfiguration with code compression to


Abstract Keratinocytes synthesize and secrete urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) which is bound in an autocrine manner to a specific receptor (uPA-R) at the keratinocyte surface. Plasminogen that is also bound to specific membrane binding sites is readily activated by uPA-R-bound uPA. Thus, plasmin is provided for proteolysis of pericellular glycoproteins. The expression of uPA and the uPA-R is confined to migrating keratinocytes during epidermal wound healing, rather than to keratinocytes of the normal epidermis. The regulatory factors of uPA/uPA-R expression in keratinocytes remained largely elusive. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β), are present in epidermal wounds. We have therefore tested IL-1β and TNF-α for their influence on surface-associated plasminogen activation in a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) as well as in primary cultures of normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Both cytokines induced the secretion of uPA into the culture supernatants and a concomitant increase in uPA activity as well as in uPA and uPA-R antigen at the cell surface. The increase was preceded by an increase in specific mRNA. The induction was accompanied by an accelerated uPA-dependent and plasmin-mediated detachment of HaCaT cells from the culture substratum. Taken together, the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α induced a coordinated increase in uPA and uPA-R as well as increased pericellular plasmin-mediated proteolysis in human epidermal keratinocytes. This function might be an element of the molecular cell biological events during epidermal wound healing.


It was established, that introduced in soil in considerable number bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis, an acting base of pesticide biopreparations, had not influenced on the processes of the microbial autopurification and sanitary condition of soil. The results obtained had shown that there is no need to develop hygienic standards for preparations on the basis of Bacillus thuringiensis when using them in recommended application rate.


With the efforts of Terence Tao, David Donoho and many other scientists, using the prior knowledge of signal sparsity to obtain and reconstruct compressible signals has brought new vitality to information acquisition technology. The main advantage of compressive sensing technology over traditional Nyquist sampling law is that it can recover the original signal from fewer measurements. Naturally, compressive sensing technology can be innovatively used in a wide range of fields with its own advantages, such as space exploration, which is concerned in this paper: the measurement environment is more stringent, the original signal to noise ratio is lower, and the self-weight of detection equipment is more demanding. This paper will focus on the theory of compressive sensing, and discuss its application conditions and limitations. Finally, based on the theory, its application in multi-star imaging is discussed.


from the moral hazard problem that is a crucial ingredient in Geddes and Lueck (2002). 1576 QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS VI.A. Fertility and Education We argue that the expansion of women's rights was triggered by a rise in the demand for human capital, as reflected by rising education levels and declining fertility rates. Further, once these legal reforms were carried out, they should have reinforced the trends toward higher education and lower fertility. Hence, in terms of aggregate time series, the main prediction of our theory is that the expansion of women's rights should have taken place after the onset, but before the completion, of the demographic transition, and should have coincided with increasing investments in human capital.46 The extended model of Section V.B also suggests that the expansion of women's rights should be accompanied by the spread of public education. The data for England and the United States are consistent with these predictions. In both England and the United States, the most important reforms of women's rights were carried out in the second half of the nineteenth century. During this period, married women in England and most U.S. states obtained rights to own and bequeath property, to obtain divorces, and to receive custody of their children in the case of separation or divorce. Figures III and IV display the aggregate trends in fertility and education during this period. In the United States, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, the average woman had almost seven children. The total fertility rate47 (TFR) declined gradually over the course of the 46. In the data we look at changes in education levels, because direct evidence on returns to education for this time period is scarce. Goldin and Katz (2008) document that the returns to education were very high around 1900 and may have been lower prior to that. The authors find that the ratio of clerk earnings to laborer earnings rose from 1.93 in the 1830s to 2.50 in 1895. However, as the authors point out, "because we do not know precisely how the skill ratio changed across the nineteenth century . . . we must remain somewhat agnostic. It seems clear that the ratio did not rise by much and even more obvious that it did not decline. . . . Thus the relative quantity of skills expanded rapidly while relative wages were increasing slightly or were stable." For the purpose of our theory, it is immaterial whether the increase in education was driven by a rise in the return to education or a fall in the cost of acquiring education. What matters is that educating children grew in importance as a task for families. The dramatic increase in school enrollment rates in both England and the United States over the nineteenth century indicates that schooling became more desirable. Skillbiased technological change is only one potential explanation for this change. Other factors that indirectly raised the private return to education include the complementary public provision of education (see Section V.B) and laws prohibiting child labor (by decreasing the opportunity cost of education), as well as increases in life expectancy. 47. The total fertility rate in a given year is the sum of age-specific fertility rates over all ages. It can be interpreted as the total number of children an average WOMEN'S LIBERATION: WHAT'S IN IT FOR MEN? 1577


Typical 2D well-path planning problems are discussed in this paper.The general mathematical models for 2D well-path planning are established,and all their exact solutions are found.The new method has no need for using trial and error procedure to arrive at a satisfactory well-path in planning,and the design calculation is simple,accurate and quick.The models are of universal significance for 2D well-path and can be widely used to plan directional wells,horizontal wells and multiple target wells.


The trimethylolpropane esters (TME) based high performance electrical insulating oil was synthesized by esterification of the mixture of C6, C8 and C10 acids blend with trimethylolpropane (TMP). The electrical performance is significantly improved by a purpose-oriented purification process which is structured by washing with ultrapure water and absorption with molecular sieve. The obtained insulating oil shows much reduced viscosity (25.6 mm2/s) and much enhanced AC breakdown voltage (72.6 kV) comparing with the commercial natural ester insulating FR3® (38.9 mm2/s and 65 kV). The high performance of the insulating oil is also manifested by quite low pour point (-45°C) and relative high flash point (240°C). The remarkable oxidation stability of the insulating oil is metered by the oxidation induction temperature (OIT) 203°C which should be attributed to the elimination of C=C double bonds and $\beta$-H atoms.


Objective To analyze the role of the evidence-based nursing in the cardiovascular oral drug treatment.Methods 60 patients with cardiovascular diseases collected in cardiovascular department of our hospital from January 2011 to January 2012 were randomly divided into observation group and control group,each group was 30 patients.The observation group were treated by oral medication and evidence-based nursing in combination therapy,while the control group patients with oral drugs and routine nursing treatment.Results All patients were discharged from hospitals upon recovery after drug treatment and nursing.There were significant difference in curative effect,the rate of adverse reactions and hospital stays between observation group and control group(P 0.05).Conclusion The application of evidence-based nursing in cardiovascular treatment process has significant effect,can promote healing and ease the pain of the patients.It is worthy of clinical application.


espite their best efforts to promote safe and learning-friendly student life environments on campus, college administrators very often find that their well intentioned strategies are trumped by some corrosive effects of the student peer culture. In this issue of the Journal of College and Character, we examine some of the ways in which college peer culture can erode and threaten important institutional values and objectives and how educators are responding to some of the most damaging effects of college peer culture. D


The Lithium Cell Packing Machine is cell packing automated machine,this paper introduce a design of the aligning,the fixing and the adhesive tape pulling structures about the Lithium Cell Packing Machine which based on customer's new production process requirements,and introduce the work principle,work processes,process requirements of the Lithium Cell Packing Machine,also analyze how to improve the accuracy of lithium battery pack and surface roughness.


This paper describes experiences with on-line and in-class sections of a writing-intensive course, including a collaborative library literacy unit. It reports on a mid-semester software change and offers a comparative outcome assessment. The authors, whose experience reflects that of other on-line writing instructors, suggest that on-line students may self-select into an informal "elite" and make recommendations concerning course design, class size, and software needs.


NbS2 and TaS2 react with n-alkylamines to form intercalation complexes similar to those observed with TiS2. The arrangement of the guest molecules in the interlayer space is dominated by the interaction host lattice-amine nitrogen, if the alkyl chain of the amine contains 4 to 9 C-atoms. In complexes containing 12 to 18 C-atoms per alkyl chain, the van der Waals interaction between the alkyl chains is essentially responsible for the sterical arrangement of the intercalated molecules. Investigations with n-octadecylamine-NbS2 and oleylamine-NbS2 in the temperature range of 20-120°C lead to the observation of severval reversible phase transitions. These transitions are caused by conformational changes of the guest molecules as well as by changes in the ratio RNH2: NbS2.


In Large Scale Systems the concept of centrality fails due to the lack of centralized computing capability. The control of such systems has to be performed using multiple control agents. In this case, the matter of interactions among neighboring subsystems needs to be considered. In this paper, a water control system in the Netherlands is studied as a real large scale system. A multi‐agent scheme is applied to control the flow through the system which is decomposed into two interconnected subsystems. Each agent employs a model‐based predictive control (MPC) technique. The model of this large scale system is nonlinear and nonconvex. Therefore, an augmented Lagrangian pattern search optimization algorithm is used to implement multi‐agent MPC for this system. This proposed algorithm is applied by each control agent to solve its own interconnected optimization problem, at each subsystem of whole the water system. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of different LED colors on leather color shift to prevent misleading purchases. Six light sources consisting of three color temperatures (2700 K, 4000 K, and 6000 K) and two illuminances (750 lux and 1500 lux) were used. Red and brown leathers, common in the luxury goods market, with or without grain, were studied. The colors and patterns resulted in four leather surfaces for a color shift cognition experiment. The results indicated that: (1) Color temperature, illuminance, and leather color significantly affected color shift perception. (2) Two-factor combinations of color temperature and grain as well as color temperature and leather color generated interaction toward color shift. (3) The three-factor combination of color temperature, grain, and leather color also generated interaction toward color shift. The criticalness of factors affecting leather color shift was such that leather color > color temperature > illuminance > grain. The results can serve as references for the luxury goods and fashion industry in the management of retail display illumination and for color control of leather products under different illumination environments, thereby promoting the sustainability of leather product consumption.


Precise measurement of the mass of moving particles (MPM) is fundamental to the research on particle flows. In non-intrusive optical measurements, traditional discrete methods obtain the MPM by determining the connected domains on experimental pictures, leading to inevitable errors. In this study, the constitutive relationship between the MPM and the foreground grey scale value of the experimental picture is investigated on the basis of the working principle of digital cameras and the scattering theory of particle systems. This relationship is confirmed to be effective in wind-blown sand particle flow experiments using high-speed photography.


An elementary situation in welding involves the perfect assembly of two adherents and a strong adhesive occupying a thin layer. The bulk energy density of the hyperelastic adherents grows superlinearly while that of the pseudo-plastic adhesive grows linearly with a stiffness of the order of the inverse of its thickness e. We propose a simplified but accurate model by studying the asymptotic behavior, when e goes to zero, through variational convergence methods: at the limit, the intermediate layer is replaced by a pseudo-plastic interface which allows cracks to appear.


As for degraded cognitive ability observed in the elderly population, early detection and efficient care are feasible through language-communication assessment protocol in the use of tablet device. Language- communication assessment in the use of tablet device has made objectivity and consistency of the suggestion of test items, convenience of preservation and record of the performance ability, and suggestion of norm on the language ability possible. This study has identified elements, to be considered to suggest the language-communication assessment protocol development platform in the use of service-oriented architecture (SOA) through the group interview with speech pathologists and engineering specialists. The necessity of language-communication assessment protocol development for tablet device has been identified in three domains including the assessment method, mobility, and efficiency & accuracy. However, it was revealed that uniqueness of sub-category of language-communication assessment and environment and expenses of using devices shall be considered at the same time to realize them. Since SOA provides the custom applied programs by considering the role of user, circumstances of wireless communication and remaining electricity of tablet device in connection with previous services, it is expected to make efficient languagecommunication assessment feasible on the elderly for a long time.


This article aims to develop a hybrid virtual store layout (HVSL) to compare the major conventional store layouts as grid, freeform and racetrack in term of customer's perceived in purchasing behavior. The design of HVSL and the conventional store layouts were tested to respondents by giving them feedback for each developed constructs after completing the virtual purchase. The reliability analysis with Cronbach's alpha shows that all the questions of the constructs are acceptable and the test validity shows that the questions of the constructs are correlated or valid. Moreover, the outcome of one-way between groups ANOVA parametric, which was used to test the hypotheses with post hoc comparison test (Tukey) shows that the proposed HVSL gives better results than the conventional store layouts: freeform and racetrack on the constructs, while HVSL is superior than grid layout on the constructs of time spent and information provided.


Introduction Girlhood Identities: The Search for Adulthood in Tsitsi Dangarembga's Nervous Conditions and Margaret Atwood's Cat's Eye Sexual Identities: The Search for Intimacy in Barbara Burford's "The Threshing Floor" and Keri Hulme's The Bone People National Identities: The Search for Place in Buchi Emecheta's Kehinde and Anita Desai's Clear Light of Day Social and Political Identities: The Search for Space in Margaret Drabbles's The Radiant Way and Nadine Gordimer's None to Accompany Me Cultural Identities: The Search for Integrity in Paule Marshall's Praisesong for the Widow and Jessica Anderson's Tirra Lirra by the River Facing Death: The Search for a Legacy in Joan Riley's Waiting in the Twilight and Doris Lessing's The Diary of a Good Neighbor Conclusion Bibliography Index


This thesis introduces some concepts as N random test,N-dimensional samples,N-dimensional random events,and N-dimensional space samples into the classical probability type's problem.These methods provide the corresponding mathematical model to solve the applied issue of classical probability type.


The effects of temperature(10,15,and 20 ℃)and light intensity [20,40,and 60 μmol /(m2·s)]on growth and maturation of gametophytes and juvenile sporophytes of sea weed Eisenia bicyclis introduced from Japan.The results showed that the best growth of female and male gametophytes was observed at 20 ℃,followed by at 15℃ and then at 10 ℃. The higher light intensity was,the better growth was found at 10 ℃,and there was less difference in growth among different light intensity groups as water temperature was rising. It was found that the suitable temperatures for the development and maturation of male and female gametophytes were 15 ℃ with maturation rate of above 95% and 20 ℃ with maturation rate of 100%,significantly higher at high light intensity than at low light intensity in 12 day culture. The juvenile sporophytes had best growth at 20 ℃ and poor growth at 15 ℃and 10 ℃ in each light intensity. The higher light intensity was,the better growth of juvenile sporophytes were at10 ℃. There was better growth in juvenile sporophytes at 20 μmol /( m2·s) than at 40 μmol /(m2·s) and 60μmol/(m2·s),without significantly difference at 15 ℃ and 20 ℃. The cloned seedlings bred by the treated gametophytes were reared indoor to juvenile sporophytes with body length of 800 μm,which then were cultured to juveniles with body length of 2 cm in the sea in one month holding culture.


In this introduction to the 2016 Yearbook of the Finnish Association for Applied Linguistics (AFinLA), we outline key topics and research orientations related to the yearbook theme, "The language user in changing institutions". We explore concepts such as language regulation, language beliefs and change in discourse practices and discuss a variety of methodological orientations available for exploring these concepts in an applied linguistics framework. Our aim is to draw attention to research that focuses on the dynamics between institutional  structures and individuals' language awareness and practices. The article describes the three plenary talks held at the 2015 AFinLA Autumn Symposium, focusing on how the plenarists approached the symposium theme. Three topics are raised for detailed exploration in relation to the 11 articles published in the yearbook: classroom interaction, language beliefs and institutional change.


Financial ties between the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and device industries, and the medical profession create conflicts of interest that can damage the integrity of medical information, threaten the well-being of people and inappropriately raise the cost of care. Physicians, like other humans, are susceptible to influence by money. Despite their protestations that they cannot be influenced by lunches, gifts, free trips and even several thousand dollar honoraria, common sense (as well as experiments in cognitive psychology) provide convincing evidence that such arrangements produce a demand for reciprocity (Dana et al., 2003). A physician cannot help being friendly toward a company whose speaker's fees are helping to pay his daughter's college tuition bills.


This paper provides an integrated fault tolerant flight control systems design method which is active fault tolerant control combined with passive fault tolerant control.A reliable control system is structured using linear quadratic controller based on convex optimization.Then,the fault detection filter is designed to detect actuators fault and the flight control system is reconfigured by a pseudo-inverse method.The simulation results show that the proposed method improves the reliability of the flight control system.


The invention provides a system and a method for monitoring the state of a distributed server in real time. The monitoring system comprises a state acquisition unit, a real-time database, a relation database and a monitoring unit; the state acquisition unit is connected with the distributed server and used for acquiring and transmitting the real-time state information of the distributed server; the real-time database is connected with the state acquisition unit and used for saving the received real-time state information of the distributed server transmitted by the state acquisition unit; the relation database is connected with the monitoring unit and used for storing the static information of the distributed server; the monitoring unit is connected with the real-time database and the relation database, respectively, and used for outputting the real-time load state of the distributed server according to the real-time state information of the distributed server in the real-time database and the static information of the distributed server in the relation database.


Emotional interaction is an important aspect of the interaction between humans and robots. Further, emotion affects a variety of cognitive processes and thus might leads to accidents. Finding ways to recognize emotion of humans has received a great deal of research attention. In this paper, the recognition model of multi-emotion states from electroencephalogram (EEG) is proposed based on Bayesian Networks with human personality and situation information as causes. Several kinds of emotion states were elicited with videos and EEG signals from fourteen channels were acquired. Experimental results from six subjects suggest that the proposed model have good performance, indicating the feasibility of using EEG to detect multi-emotion states.


Significance Solar UV generates abundant carcinogenic DNA lesions, and consequently, cells need to cope with these deleterious lesions to survive UV damage. This study used lesion-specific photolyases to isolate the biologically relevant effects of each major type of UV-induced DNA lesions (cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers [CPDs] and 6-4 photoproducts [6-4PPs]) on ATR activation, a crucial DNA damage response. A newly developed, flow cytometric single-cell analysis of UV-induced DNA lesions, thymidine analog incorporation, and DNA damage response enabled unprecedented determination of cellular events following UV irradiation. The striking finding is that only 6-4PPs, the shorter-lived and less abundant lesion type, cause replication blockage and activation of the ATR DNA damage response. The most prevalent human carcinogen is sunlight-associated ultraviolet (UV), a physiologic dose of which generates thousands of DNA lesions per cell, mostly of two types: cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs). It has not been possible, in living cells, to precisely characterize the respective contributions of these two lesion types to the signals that regulate cell cycle progression, DNA replication, and cell survival. Here we coupled multiparameter flow cytometry with lesion-specific photolyases that eliminate either CPDs or 6-4PPs and determined their respective contributions to DNA damage responses. Strikingly, only 6-4PP lesions activated the ATR-Chk1 DNA damage response pathway. Mechanistically, 6-4PPs, but not CPDs, impeded DNA replication across the genome as revealed by microfluidic-assisted replication track analysis. Furthermore, single-stranded DNA accumulated preferentially at 6-4PPs during DNA replication, indicating selective and prolonged replication blockage at 6-4PPs. These findings suggest that 6-4PPs, although eightfold fewer in number than CPDs, are the trigger for UV-induced DNA damage responses.


In the previous lectures, we explored the problem of finding spectral sparsifiers and saw both deterministic and randomized algorithms that, given a graph G with n vertices, find a spectral sparsifier with O ( n logn 2 ) edges. In this lecture, we improve upon this result to find linear-sized spectral sparsifiers, or more concretely, spectral sparsifiers with O ( n 2 ) edges. This result is due to Batson, Spielman, and Srivastava [2]. This result is interesting since since we noted in the past that a spectral sparsifier is a generalization of the cut sparsifier of a graph. The best results known results for cut sparsifiers (prior to this one) were that a cut sparsifier with (n log n)/ 2 edges can be found in nearly linear time [1].


I n the Euclidean plane: given three non-colinear points (vertices of the "triangle of reference") any point is uniqu ely determined by its distan ces to those vert ices. These are called t he "distance coord inates" of the point. The m ain result of our first paper was to determine which vectors of three non-negative n umbers could be d istance coordinates for t he given reference triangle. In this paper we put t hat result, and others, into m atrix form. This leads to generalizations, and to t he effect of a change of t he reference triangle on the distance coordinates and t he formulas in which they a re involved.


PURPOSE: To provide a neural network developing utility for assisting a developer at the time of generating more than one filters for inputting or outputting data to a neural network. CONSTITUTION: A developer selects a field to be used from an interactive menu. A utility 121 scans a field entry selected by a source data base for identifying the logical type of each field, and generates default conversion templates 122 and 123. Numerical data are automatically normalized. A developer can operate edition from a default template or an interactive editor. At the time of template edition, selection is operated from a neural network data format or the menu of a primitive mathematical arithmetic operation. A new filter is interactively defined for executing data conversion so that the further complicate mathematical arithmetic operation can be executed. When a satisfactory result may not be obtained by the network, the template can be easily changed, and an input can be expressed by the other format.


Specific components of physical activity, such as vigorous exercise and heavy occupational work, are known to increase the risk of chronic low back pain (CLBP) and chronic knee pain (CKP), but impacts of other components are less known. This study aimed to assess the relationship between total physical activity and risk of CLBP and CKP from a public health perspective.


Emission excitation cross sections for collision processes relevant to krypton-fueled Hall effect thrusters are measured using optical emission spectroscopy in the 350-1000 nm spectral range. The most prominent emissions observed are in the near-infrared region from a low-lying excited electronic state of neutral Kr. In the case of Kr/Kr + Kr systems, the emission cross section has a threshold at approximately 12.5 eV in the center-of-mass frame, and increases with collision energy until 200 eV where it remains constant through 600 eV. The energy profiles for emissions from Kr ions vary considerably based on the collision partner. Threshold for these emissions is estimated at, in the center-of-mass frame, 40-50 eV for Kr + Kr, <25 eV for Kr + Kr, and between 29.9 and 34.4 eV for e + Kr. Potential diagnostic lines to be used for determination of electron temperatures and ion-energies are discussed.


Cognate cDNAs are described for 2 of the 10 thyroid hormone receptor-associated proteins (TRAPs) that are immunopurified with thyroid hormone receptor a (TRa) from ligand-treated HeLa (a-2) cells. Both TRAP220 and TRAP100 contain LXXLL domains found in other nuclear receptorinteracting proteins and both appear to reside in a single complex with other TRAPs (in the absence of TR). However, only TRAP220 shows a direct ligand-dependent interaction with TRa, and these interactions are mediated through the C terminus of TRa and (at least in part) the LXXLL domains of TRAP220. TRAP220 also interacts with other nuclear receptors [vitamin D receptor, retinoic acid receptor a, retinoid X receptor a, peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR) a, PPARg and, to a lesser extent, estrogen receptor] in a ligand-dependent manner, whereas TRAP100 shows only marginal interactions with estrogen receptor, retinoid X receptor a, PPARa, and PPARg. Consistent with these results, TRAP220 moderately stimulates human TRa-mediated transcription in transfected cells, whereas a fragment containing the LXXLL motifs acts as a dominant negative inhibitor of nuclear receptor-mediated transcription both in transfected cells (TRa) and in cell free transcription systems (TRa and vitamin D receptor). These studies indicate that TRAP220 plays a major role in anchoring other TRAPs to TRa during the function of the TRa–TRAP complex and, further, that TRAP220 (possibly along with other TRAPs) may be a global coactivator for the nuclear receptor superfamily. Nuclear hormone receptors comprise a superfamily whose individual members bind to and, in a ligand-dependent manner, activate transcription of specific genes that regulate biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and homeostasis (1). Despite the specificity intrinsic to individual receptors and cognate ligands and DNA binding sites, and the enormous complexity of the general transcriptional machinery (2) that serves as the ultimate target of nuclear receptors, other coactivators are also required for functional interactions between these components. Such cofactors (or intermediary factors) were first suggested by the demonstration of genespecific interference between nuclear receptors (3), the presence of a conserved ligand-dependent activation domain (AF-2) (reviewed in refs. 4 and 5), celland promoter contextspecific functions for some receptors (reviewed in ref. 6) and, more recently, by the inability of nuclear receptors to function optimally in cell free systems reconstituted with general initiation factors and coactivators that suffice for the function of other DNA-binding activators (7). Most ligand-dependent nuclear receptor-interacting proteins that represent established or candidate cofactors have been identified andyor cloned by biochemical interaction or yeast two hybrid assays (reviewed in refs. 4 and 5). Coactivators thus identified include: (i) members of the SRC family (SRC1yNCoA-1, TIF-2yGRIP-1yNCoA-2, and PCIPyACTRy RAC-3yAIB-1; reviewed in refs. 4–6), (ii) the more general coactivators p300yCBP and the interacting coactivator PCAF (reviewed in refs. 4–6), and (iii) a group of unrelated factors that include RIP140, TIF-1, Trip-1, and ARA70 (reviewed in refs. 4–6), and the more recently described PBP (8), TRIP230 (9), and p120 (10). Most of these factors show liganddependent receptor interactions that depend on the integrity of the AF-2 domain, and demonstrations of AF-2-dependent coactivator functions have involved assays in living cells (yeast and mammalian) with ectopically expressed coactivators or microinjected antibodies (reviewed in refs. 4–6). Although mechanisms of action are unknown for most of these coactivators, the presence of histone acetyltransferase activities in CBPyp300 (11), PCAF (12), and some members of the SRC family (13, 14) suggest a role in chromatin structural modifications before the formation of a preinitiation complex. In another approach, thyroid hormone receptor-associated proteins (TRAPs) were isolated by affinity purification of an epitope-tagged thyroid hormone receptor from cells grown in the presence of a cognate ligand (7). The coactivator function of the TRAPs was demonstrated in a cell free system reconstituted with purified DNA templates and components of the general transcription machinery, indicating that they act more directly to facilitate preinitiation complex formation or function (7). More recent studies have shown that the general coactivators PC4 and PC2, but apparently not the TAFs, are required for activation by the TR–TRAP complex (J.D.F., M. Guermah, S. Malik, and R.G.R., unpublished observations). This study reports the cloning and further characterization of individual TRAP components, which appear to play a broader role in nuclear receptor


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Abstract: Synthesis of methionine5‐enkephalin by intact cells of murine neuroblastoma clone N1E‐115 has been demonstrated both immunocytochemically and biochemically. In addition, N1E‐115 cells possess homogeneous enkephalin (δ) receptors which inhibit prostaglandin E1‐ induced intracellular cyclic AMP formation. An assay was developed for measuring de novo synthesis of methionine5‐enkephalin by pulsing cells in culture with radioactive methionine and isolating this pentapeptide to radiochemical purity by a procedure that included immunoaffinity chromatography specific for oxidized methionine5‐enkephalin. This assay indicated that production of radiolabeled‐methionine5‐enkephalin was increased upon lengthy exposure of intact N1E‐115 cells in the late logarithmic phase of growth to a nonproteolyz‐able analog of methionine5‐enkephalin. This increase in synthesis of intracellular methionine5‐enkephalin relative to control cells was prevented by prior incubation of the clone with naloxone, indicating that the response was mediated by the δ receptor.


The eight-year Anti-Japanese War was the most extensive collection of the whole nation's strength,forging the flesh-and-blood wall of the Chinese War of Resistance Against Japan,thus completely being the Chinese people's first great victory against foreign aggression over the past century.What makes China's armed forces have such a strong fighting strength? Exploring at the source,this article attempts to reveal that the fundamental difference lies in the system from the perspective of the new institutional economics,so as to arrive at the conclusion of the need to always adhere to the Party's leadership,the need of the implementation of the united front,and the need to keep unwaveringly the Party's military and political system.