Understanding watershed runoff processes is critical for planning effective soil and water management practices and efficiently utilize available water resources. The main objective of this study was to investigate the performance of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate streamflow from the Bina basin in the Madhya Pradesh state of India. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated on a daily and monthly basis using historical streamflow and weather data from the Bina basin. The Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI-2) technique in the SWAT  Calibration and Uncertainty Procedures (SWAT-CUP) program was used to assess model uncertainties. The SWAT model performed "satisfactory" and "very good" in simulating streamflow at daily and monthly time steps, respectively. Model calibration results showed that coefficients of determination (R2) values were 0.66 and 0.96; while Nash-Sutcliffe (NSE) values were 0.65 and 0.94 for daily and monthly simulations, respectively. The R2 values of daily and monthly simulations during model validation were 0.65 and 0.72, respectively while the respective NSE values were 0.58 and 0.72. This study demonstrated that the SWAT model could be effectively used to simulate streamflow in the Bina river basin.


The invention relates to a process for the production of polyol for polyurethanes made of rigid polyurethane foam wastes by combined aminolysis and glycolysis. The object of the invention is to also provide from contaminated rigid polyurethane foam waste by solvolysis with appropriate reaction components a low viscosity Solvolysat with a very low content of primary aromatic amines are available. According to the invention the object is achieved in that during or after the reaction of the rigid polyurethane foams with a mixture of one or more low molecular weight glycols and one or more aliphatic amines, one or more long-chain saturated and / or unsaturated fatty acids are added under reaction conditions such that a amide formation occurs. In particular, the object is achieved with a method which is characterized in that during or after the reaction of the polyurethane foams secondary aliphatic amines and polyamines having primary and tertiary amino groups and one or more long chain saturated and / or unsaturated fatty acids at temperatures of between 150 and 250 ° C are used.


Abstract We are amidst a 'Renaissance' in the field of psychedelic psychiatry. For several decades, following a period of promising research, governmental barriers and regulations halted any research into the utility of these substances in psychiatry. Over the past few decades, however, we are seeing a revival of these studies due to an abundance of positive findings as well as the need for improved psychiatric treatments. Studies have established substances such as psilocybin and LSD to be effective in treating depressive disorders, sometimes even more so than current 'gold standards'. MDMA is being recognized as a powerful tool, in conjunction with psychotherapy, for addressing PTSD symptomatology. This paper will provide a brief history of the use of psychedelics in psychiatry and discuss some of the most important recent research findings. Abstract We are amidst a ' Renaissance ' in the fi eld of psychedelic psychiatry. For several decades, following a period of promising research, governmental barriers and regulations halted any research into the utility of these substances in psychiatry. Over the past few decades, however, we are seeing a revival of these studies due to an abundance of positive fi ndings as well as the need for improved psychiatric treatments. Studies have established substances such as psilocybin and LSD to be effective in treating depressive disorders, sometimes even more so than current ' gold standards ' . MDMA is being recognized as a powerful tool, in conjunction with psychotherapy, for addressing PTSD symptomatology. This paper will provide a brief history of the use of psychedelics in psychiatry and discuss some of the most important recent research fi ndings.


An st-path is a path with the end-vertices s and t. An s-path is a path with an end-vertex s. The results of this paper include necessary and sufficient conditions for a {claw, net}-free graph G with s, t ∈ V (G) and e ∈ E(G) to have (1) Hamiltonian s-path, (2) a Hamiltonian st–path, (3) a Hamiltonian sand st-paths containing e when G has connectivity one, and (4) a Hamiltonian cycle containing e when G is 2–connected. These results imply that a connected {claw, net}-free graph has a Hamiltonian path and a 2–connected {claw, net}-free graph has a Hamiltonian cycle [3]. Our proofs of (1)−(4) are shorter than the proofs of their corollaries in [3], and provide polynomial-time algorithms for solving the corresponding Hamiltonicity problems.


This paper is concerned with chaos induced by regular snap-back repellers. One new criterion of chaos induced by strictly coupled-expanding maps in compact sets of metric spaces is established. By employing this criterion, the nondegenerateness assumption in the Marotto theorem established in 1978 is weakened. In addition, it is proved that a regular snap-back repeller and a regular homoclinic orbit to a regular expanding fixed point in finite-dimensional spaces imply chaos in the sense of Li–Yorke. An illustrative example is provided with computer simulations. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


This bulletin discusses the chinch bug, an insect which destroys corn, wheat, oats, and forage sorghums in the United States. The chinch bug's life cycle and habits are discussed as well as conditions favorable to chinch bug outbreads and control measures.


Governing algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI) involves multidisciplinary work across different fields to ensure human control over technology. This article aims to show how computer science and social sciences must work together to rethink how we oversee algorithms and AI in a more democratic way.


An in‐plane‐type total reflection x‐ray diffractometer was newly constructed, and the epitaxial growth of paraffin molecules (n‐C33H68) vacuum‐evaporated onto a KCl (001) surface was investigated. The molecular chains in as‐evaporated films were shown to arrange themselves parallel to the 〈110〉 direction of the KCl substrate. After the evaporation, moreover, some molecules were revealed to reorient and tend to deviate their c axis by about ±5° from the 〈110〉 direction of the KCl crystal, probably because of the lattice mismatchings between the paraffin and substrate crystals.


I'm glad that the Column 8 request only asked for memories of listening to The Lawsons and Blue Hills , because I remember listening, but not the slightest words of the text*/except the 'goodbye' [. . .] and I may have only heard that on replays [. . .]. But the snippet I wanted to mention if it is of any assistance is the memories that stumbling across the Column 8 item evoked. [. . .] I immediately felt hot feet and the smell of fresh bread, because these were the surroundings in which I used to hear the episodes. The episodes played during the school lunch hours when I nipped home from Primary School for lunch. Primary boys at least did not wear shoes in the late forties, early fifties, we could walk and run on gravel and even broken glass, but 'hot footing' it over tar was the real mode of travel in the hot mid days of summer. Out of the heat and into the house for Lunch prepared by a busy mother who had prepared for this midday break, and who was torn between the opportunity to communicate with the child and the wish to relax with the episode.


AbstractPipeline construction in open trenches requires an appropriate degree of compaction of the soil around and below the springline, and especially in the haunches area, to ensure embedment on ...


The prisoner of war camp in Jindřichovice (German: Heinrichsgrün), located in the Ore Mountains on the territory of the modern Czech Republic, was one of the largest such camps of the First World War in Austria-Hungary. In the period from 1915 to 1918, tens of thousands of prisoners of war from Serbia, Montenegro, the Russian Empire, and Italy passed through it. Many Serbian civilians were interned in addition to military personnel. Over 170 buildings were erected for the camp which was capable of accommodating almost forty thousand prisoners and which was surrounded by a fence with barbed wire and watchtowers. The whole complex was almost autonomous, with all the necessary infrastructure, including a bakery, hospital, laundry, ablutions, and a chapel. Prisoners of war were used in a variety of jobs in the vicinity, primarily related to agriculture. Their labour was also used for the repair of roads, the extraction of basalt in a nearby quarry, and in industry, primarily at a metallurgical plant in Rotava and in the construction of a chemical plant in Sokolov (at that time Falknov; German: Falkenau). From 1917, the situation with the provision of food and medicine began to worsen in the camp, leading to the spread of disease and a rapid increase in the mortality rate. In total, 3,855 people died here, including 2,465 Serbs and Montenegrins, 1,301 Italians, 56 Russians, and approximately two dozen of the Austro-Hungarian camp guards, among whom were several Czechs. The prisoners of war were buried in a cemetery near the camp, which has survived to this day. After the war, the remains of the Serbian prisoners were exhumed and, together with the remains of thousands of soldiers of the newly established Yugoslavia who had previously been buried in locations all over Bohemia, were transferred to a mausoleum, which was converted from the camp's water supply cistern. Today, it contains the remains of about 7,190 of those who came from the territory of the former Yugoslavia — mostly Serbs, but also soldiers who fought in the war on the side of Austria-Hungary, primarily Slovenes, Croats, and Bosnians, and also 189 Russians.


Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common solid childhood tumor with aggressive behavior and a high mortality rate. Multiple therapeutic approaches have been developed and applied to treat neuroblastoma, but resistance to therapies is inevitable, leading to treatment failure and cancer relapse. Therefore, perceiving the mechanisms of reduced drug sensitivity seems appropriate and promising in NB treatment to determine synergistic effects strategies like combination therapy. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the modulation effect of the therapeutic efficacy of carboplatin (a chemotherapeutic agent) by co-administration of sialic acid (an alpha-keto acid sugar with a 9-carbon backbone located at the outermost end of N-linked and O-linked carbohydrate chains and in lipid-associated glycoconjugates showing aberrant expression in tumor cells caused tumor-genesis) in NB cells. Methods: In the present study, the effects of sialic acid, carboplatin, and Sia-Carbo (sialic acid in combination with carboplatin) were evaluated on viability and apoptosis using the determination of EC50 and IC50. Also, the capability of metastasis and apoptosis were assessed using real-time PCR. Moreover, the expression of MRP-1 encoded by ABCC1 (as a target for therapeutic suppression in high-risk neuroblastoma) was studied in different treatment groups. Conclusions: Regarding IC50 increasing carboplatin in the presence of sialic acid, the results showed that sialic acid treatment significantly modulated carboplatin's effect on cell apoptosis and induced ABCC1 expression. These findings show that sialic acid metabolic engineering can be a good approach to neuroblastoma therapy. It was suggested that targeting aberrant sialylation in combination with carboplatin exerts more profound apoptotic and anticancer effects on the neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line than carboplatin monotherapy.


The objective of this research was to investigate the
assertiveness of nursing staff members in their everyday practice. The
secondary goal was to investigate whether assertiveness is related to sex, age,
years of working experience, education and self-esteem. Nursing staff
members are expected to have a high level of assertiveness to establish optimal
professional communication and working performance. A cross-sectional study design and convenience sampling were
applied. Altogether, 303 nursing staff members (88.8% female and 11.2% male;
aged between 21 and 58 years) from the northeastern part of Slovenia were
enrolled in the study. The participants were asked to complete an anonymous
questionnaire, which consisted of the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule and the
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The sample included 44.6% registered nurses and
55.4% nursing assistants with mean = 15.9 (SD 10.1) years of working
experience. In general, the level of assertiveness by Rathus scale was low at
mean = +4.0 (SD 17.2) points.


The problem of designing technology R&D programs has been studied for decades. The rational methods for selecting R&D projects are not widely used and have not been found to be effective. Technology development has been overly influenced by human self-interest and politics and is often rendered ineffective. Organizations are rational, natural, and open systems. An ideal rational R&D organization is described. The effects of natural human political action in organizations are discussed. NASA's technology development should be reformed by implementing the ideal rational organization and by opening its operations to full view. The benefits of openness in stimulating creativity and preventing problems are well known. Openness is now a government policy and is greatly facilitated by modern computer and communications technology.


Information about the strength of gas sources in buildings has a number of applications in the area of building automation and control, including temperature and ventilation control, fire detection, and security systems. In this paper, a method for estimating the strength of a gas source in an enclosure when some of the parameters of the gas transport process are unknown is described. It is based on a perfect-mixing model of the gas species transport dynamics. The estimation problem is formulated as a Kalman filtering problem, where the states estimated by the Kalman filter are the unknown process parameters and the source strength. Sudden changes in the strength of the source are detected and tracked with a hypothesis testing and covariance resetting algorithm that is based on statistics provided by the Kalman filter. Experimental results from two first-order systems demonstrate the efficacy of this method.


Effects of electrode potential and strain rate on the stress corrosion cracking(SCC)behavior of dissimilar metal weld 16MND5/309L/308 Lin simulated primary water environment of pressurized water reactor(PWR)were investigated by means of slow strain rate testing(SSRT).Results showed that at strain rate of 5×10-7s-1,the SSRT specimens always failed in the bulk zone of stainless steel 308 L weld metal with ductile appearance when tested in the potential range from-720 mV to+100mV(vs.SHE).When electrode potential was raised to +200mV,SCC happened in the 16MND5/309 Linterface area,with transgranular SCC in low alloy steel 16MND5 zone close to the interface,intergranular SCC in the 309 Lweld metal close to the interface.There was a critical cracking potential above which SCC occurred,within the range from +100mV to+200mV for the dissimilar metal weld when tested at the strain rate of 5×10-7s-1 in simulated primary water environment of PWR.When strain rate was decreased to1×10-7s-1,the critical cracking potential was still within the range from +100mV to +200mV although the test time increased significantly.When strain rate was raised to 1×10-6s-1,SCC was not observed even at the potentials+200mV and +300mV.


A method of tracking the carrier phase of a received signal from a satellite by a carrier by means of a tracking loop carrier phase, said signal being acquired by a wearer navigation system which comprises a receiver (10) location radionavigation and an autonomous unit (20), the receiver (10) being adapted to acquire and track the carrier phase of the signal from the satellite, the method comprising the steps of: - determining a servo error carrier phase loop, said servo error being determined between two sampling instants and corresponding to a first phase difference; - determining a variation of acceleration of the carrier between the two sampling instants by means of the unit (20) independently; - projection of the acceleration variation of a satellite-receiver view axis to obtain a second phase difference; - comparing the first and second differences for detecting an error on the measurement of the carrier phase continued by said carrier phase-locked loop.


Film music is accompanied by the development of Television Arts and the progressive development of a mature art form,are increasingly appreciate the love and lovers.Music Television Music distinct from the general characteristics to portray characters in the film,played up the theme of circumstances and with a major role.From the light of the specific works of music films,music for film and television works of the unique performance.


The aim of this article is to analyze familial networks regarding the strategies for power reproduction. By comparing the familial reconstruction of two merchants, who in the second third of the nineteenth century headed the urban society in Valladolid and Magdeburg, I argue that familial networks are one of the main mechanisms for acquiring and maintaining power. Furthermore, elements such as profession, gender, or geographical origin play a crucial role in this process. In spite of differences in the spatial scope of the network, as well as in the inner cohesion of merchants groups, similarities between the two case studies will be underscored. Structural differences in religion, culture, politics or the economic sphere did not involve a different development of the kin strategies used by local elites.


The objectives of this study were to select optimal soil amendments through analysis of heavy metal availability in soil and uptake to Aster koraiensis Nakai for forest rehabilitation of heavy metal contaminated soil of abandoned metal mine. A. koraiensis was cultivated for 6 months at contaminated soil with several soil treatments (bottom ash 1 and 2%, fly ash 1 and 2%, waste lime+oyster 1 and 2%, Acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS) 10 and 20%, compost 3.4%, non-contaminated natural forest soil, and control). The analysis results of heavy metal concentrations in the soil by Mehlich-3 mehthod, growth and heavy metal concentrations of A. koraiensis showed that waste oyster+lime 1% and compost were more effective than the other amendments for phytostabilization. However, it is needed comprehensive review of factors such as on-site condition, slope covering to reduce soil erosion and vegetation introduction from surround forest for revegetation to apply forest rehabilitation.


Area experiments were conducted to study the morphological properties and fast-growing characteristics of 7 primarily selected poplar clones in the three experimental sites across the southern areas of He′nan.The results indicated that the differences were obviously exited in morphological properties,fast-growing characteristic,and resitance among the poplar clones.Comprehensively,the best clone was TZ- 8,and the clones TZ- 5 and TZ- 6 were also better than the others.The average individual volume of timber of 7 years old plantation for TZ-8,TZ-5,and TZ-6 were 0.609 3 m3,0.532 9 m3 and 0.514 9 m3,and increased by 264%、231% and 223%,respectively,compared with the control.


The aim of current work was to carry out a fine characterisation of the structural, physicochemical, and thermal properties of octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA)-modified waxy maize starch known under the marketed name Gel 'N' MeltTM. Both Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed the presence of new absorption bands and confirmed the structure of OSA-modified starch in comparison with those of native starch. The results of proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis were consistent with those obtained using the titration method. The molecular weight obtained was regarded as higher than those found for other starch modified sources; an inverse correlation between the degree of substitution and the molecular weight was deduced: a decrease in the degree of substitution was followed by an increase in the molecular weight. In addition, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy revealed the loss of the ordered A-type crystalline structure, which is characteristic of polymers with low degree of substitution. Also, a coexistence of individual and aggregate particles was observed, supported by the extent of the fusion of grains. These results were corroborated by thermal analysis experiments, which showed a total loss of the crystallinity of the heated grains.


weakly F-regular? Inother words, does the property of weak F-regularity deform? It has beenshown by Singh that in general, weak F-regularity does not deform Si2 .wxIt is known that F-rationality deforms HH2, 4.2 and the proof iswxstraightforward. However, the same difficulties that arise when trying to


The utility model relates to a fan structure. A rear-mounted axis buckle seal sleeve is installed in a fan frame, a wear plate is arranged on the rear-mounted axis buckle seal sleeve in an integrally formed mode, the rear-mounted axis buckle seal sleeve is provided with an axis buckle position and a three-point fixing buckle, fan blades are rotationally installed in the fan frame at the axis buckle position by buckling the axis on the fan blades, the rear-mounted axis buckle seal sleeve is fixedly installed in the fan frame through the three-point fixing buckle, and the rear-mounted axis buckle seal sleeve is arranged to be coaxial with the axis. The rear-mounted axis buckle seal sleeve of the fan has the advantages that the rear-mounted axis buckle seal sleeve integrates the characteristics of wear resistance, heat resistance, high toughness and the like due to the integral design, product stability is higher, the defects that many parts are arranged, and accessories are small and disorderly are overcome, the phenomenon of assembly shortage or missing assembly in production is effectively prevented, staff needed in the production process are reduced, the production cost is reduced, the production process is simple, the production scrap rate is high, and the rear-mounted axis buckle seal sleeve is convenient to maintain.


This paper presents an analytical investigation of elastic collapse of asymmetrically corroded rings under external pressure when both internal corrosion and external corrosion exist. Governing equations are derived for membrane inextensible and membrane extensible cases; a full continuity condition is rigorously derived by the Euler-Bernoulli beam assumption. Comparison with finite element analysis (FEA) shows good agreement for load-displacement curves but membrane extensibility should be included to accurately predict the initial deformation phase, although the discrepancy for both the inextensible and extensible models vanishes for larger deformation phases. By the perturbation technique, the initial load-displacement slope is calculated, and extensive parametric analysis shows complicated dependency of this slope on the misalignment parameter and the angular extent of corrosion. We also present an infallible semi-analytical perturbation solution for both homogeneous and inhomogeneous cases by the Lyapunov arbitrary small-parameter method and show that the resulting power series always converges; then a mathematical argument of analyticity has been presented to illustrate that the so-called homotopy analysis method in the literature converges when the convergence controlling parameter is lying in (−2, 0). This paper serves to enhance the understanding of asymmetrically corroded rings and it is mainly relevant to offshore engineering.


Parallel computations are needed for effectively analyzing the concrete-faced rockfill dam using 3D nonlinear finite element method.Parallelism is to be found during modeling stage and some neighbouring dam sections are made into a substructure.It is convenient and can satisfy the demands of the domain decomposition. A parallel multi-frontal code for COW is developed and applied to the numerical analysis of Xilongchi lower reservoir dam,an asphalt concrete faced rockfill dam,with the same result as in a serial calculation.From the speedup ratios and parallel efficiency,it is shown that the parallel multi-frontal method can be used to reliably analyze the concrete-faced rockfill dam and it is simple and easy to realize,without requiring an accessorial task assignment subroutine.


AbstractIceland is one of eight member states of the Arctic Council and claims to be the only sovereign state that is entirely located in the Arctic. Therefore, it should not come as a surprise that the region has gained a priority status in Iceland's foreign policy. The developments in the Arctic will inevitably affect the country in one way or the other. This paper is divided into three sections; the first one discusses recent internal and external developments. The second section is about three different aspects of security, traditional, human and environmental, and furthermore, discusses those types of security in Icelandic context. The last section is on Iceland's priorities in the Arctic, which are then measured against Lassi Heininen's policy fields or indicators, and Arctic solutions presented by Alyson Bailes. Main conclusions are that even though Iceland has been going through challenging times in the resent years, the Arctic still remains somewhat a priority area, policy wise, and the Icelandic priorities, for the most part, fit within the frameworks of Arctic solutions and the policy fields they are measured against.


We consider the problem of jammer placement to partition a wireless network, where the network nodes and jammers are located in the real plane. In previous research, we found optimal and suboptimal jammer placements by reducing the search space for the jammers to the locations of the network nodes. In this paper, we develop techniques to find optimal jammer placements over all possible jammer placements in the real plane. Our approach finds a set of candidate jammer locations (CJLs) such that a jammer-placement solution using the CJLs achieves the minimum possible cardinality among all possible jammer placements in the real plane. The CJLs can be used directly with the optimal and fast, suboptimal algorithms for jammer placement from our previous work.


Discussed a method for measuring phenols with a maltodextrin modified amprometric biosensor based on tyrosinase carbon paste electrode. When the working potential was -100 mV (vs.SCE),pH was 5 40 in the phosphate buffer solution and the time for measurement was 2 min,the detection limit was 1 0×10 -7 mol/L and the linear range was 2 0×10 -7 ~5 0×10 -5 mol/L. This method was also suitable for detection of catechol, o cresol and para chlorophenol, etc. This electrode could be applied to monitor the concentration of phenols in industry wastewater.


In this paper, a novel approach based on non-negative matrix factorization is applied for joint spectrum sensing and primary user localization in cognitive radio networks. This approach is robust and tolerant to sparse, yet strong interference caused by malicious attack or false data injection. Simulation results clearly indicate that the proposed method is highly effective in yielding low localization error for various strengths and degrees of sparsity of interferer. It is also shown that the localization performance significantly increases with the number of cognitive radios deployed.


This paper describes the design of a case-based expert system that estimates the cost of refurbishing houses. Several expert systems for the construction industry have been developed at the University of Salford's Department of Surveying. Under the ALVEY Community Club Programme it was the first to develop a commercially available expert system for the construction industry. The ELSIE system provides strategic budget estimates for commercial office development. Whilst developing these systems our user community frequently asked if we could develop an expert system for estimating the cost of building refurbishment. However, our experience led us to believe that the highly interrelated nature of the knowledge required to solve this problem would make it extremely difficult to develop a successful system. This paper investigates the applicability of case based reasoning to the estimation of refurbishment costs and shows that whilst CBR is effective it is not entirely without pain.


The four most common causes of mediastinal lymphadenopathy are sarcoidosis, lymphoma, and metastatic carcinoma, and granulomatous infections.Lymph node locations have been traditionally divided into 14 stations according to surgical landmarks from mediastinoscopy and thoracotomyNodal Zone Lymph node station Upper zone Low cervical, supraclavicular, sternal notch (1R – 1L) Upper paratracheal (2R – 2L) Prevascular (3A) and retrotracheal (3P) Lower paratracheal (4R – 4L)Aortopulmonary zone Subaortic (aortopulmonary window - 5) Para-aortic (ascending aorta or phrenic nerve - 6)Subcarinal zone Subcarinal (7)Lower zone Paraesophageal (8) Pulmonary ligament (9)Hilar zone Hilar (10) Interlobar superior (11 S) and inferior (11 I)Peripheral zone Lobar (12) Segmental (13) Subsegmental (14)Selection of the biopsy procedure depends on the lymph node station and full patient history of prior neck and thoracic surgery. The procedure options include cervical mediastinoscopy, thoracoscopy, anterior mediastinotomy, endobronchial ultrasound, navigational bronchoscopy, and esophageal ultrasound.Aim of the workThe aim of this study was to compare between the efficacy, accessibility and safety of uniport VATS and cervical mediastinoscopy in mediastinal lymph node biopsy for both station 2R and 4R.


A multidisciplinary group of clinicians has advised which non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are appropriate for patients with osteoarthritis, in line with the drugs' risk of upper and lower gastrointestinal and cardiovascular side effects.

Despite the many guidelines on the use of NSAIDs none has looked specifically at the risks of these adverse effects, the authors wrote in BioMed Central Medicine .1 As nearly half of patients with osteoarthritis (44%) have …


Abstract—This paper presents a new design of a direct-fed circularly polarized equilateral-triangular microstrip antenna with a single stub-tuner. In this design, the microstrip patch is modified to have a single stub-tuner and a Y-shaped slot with unequal arm lengths centered in the patch. With the proper size of the unequal arm length, the splitting of the fundamental resonant mode of the modified Y-shaped slot microstrip antenna into two near-degenerate orthogonal modes for circular polarization(CP) radiation can be achieved by using a single direct feed. In addition to the good CP radiation obtained, the proposed modified Yshaped slot microstrip antenna can perform CP radiation with a reduced antenna size as compared to a regular circularly polarized equilateral-triangular microstrip antenna at a fixed operating frequency. A single stub-tuner can be used to obtain an optimum Impedance Matching.


This volume is concerned with the religious, social and commercial 'networking' methods extending over a large part of the world, ranging from the Near East to South America, used by the western Sephardic Jewish diaspora - and the linked 'New Christian' diaspora (in lands where the Inquisition prevailed)- from the mid sixteenth to the mid eighteenth century. Particular attention is given to the role of these unique diasporas in the functioning of the six great European world maritime empires of the time - the Venetian, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, English and French. New material and argument is offered relating to the questions of diaspora formation, Sephardic social practices, crypto-Judaism, religious syncretism, cross-cultural brokerage, and the contribution of diasporas to European expansion.


Ionic liquids,as environmentally benign and "designer" solvents,are attracting more and more attentions.Former studies have indicated that ionic liquids have remarkable new properties and wide applications.The applications of ionic liquids in separation process,electrochemistry,organic synthesis,polymerization and preparation of new materials are reviewed in this paper.The perspective in this research field is also discussed.33 references are cited.


Conventional Si/Ge nanocrystal EEPROM devices have several advantages over conventional EEPROM with continuous floating gate. However, to maintain good retention characteristics the programming voltages (write and erase) cannot be scaled down easily. Interface and dopant fluctuations at the Si/Ge nanocrystal interface also cause device design difficulty. We demonstrate for the first time that metal nanocrystal EEPROMs can have much lower programming voltages by careful choice of the metal floating-gate workfunction. The interface fluctuations are at a minimum due to the metal density of states. The retention characteristic for metal nanocrystals is similar to that of Si nanocrystals in view of the Coulomb blockade. Process integration of the metal floating gate on thin tunneling oxide is greatly improved by the self-assembly step of nanocrystal formation. Energy minimization during self assembly will relax the interface stress and stabilize the metal structure to avoid penetration and contamination. Together with Schottky contact injection improvement, the introduction of metal nanocrystals can push deep submicron CMOS and EEPROM scaling for more technology generations.


The actual coal gasification reaction is controlled diffusionally in the lower part of the bed and kinetically in the upper part of the bed. When closely size-graded pulverized coal particles undergo rapid devolatilization in a laminar flow reactor, the effect of heating-up time on weight loss is negligibly small. All other experimental conditions being equal, the smaller the particle, the greater is the weight loss. Reactivity of a char increases with increase in partial pressure of oxygen in the air-nitrogen mixtures. Reactivities of various chars are determined by rank of the parent coals and their mineral matter content. There is a 170-fold difference in the reactivities of various chars. Char reactivities are maximized by keeping the maximum heat treatment temperature as low as possible, the heating rate to maximum temperature as high as possible, and allowing no soak time at maximum temperature. Therefore, reactivity of a char prepared by rapid devolatilization is appreciably higher than that of a char prepared by heat treatment using slow heating rates. The differential scanning calorimetry technique can be used to characterize carbons in terms of their reactivities. Small angle x-radiation scattering shows promise in characterization of internal porosity in coal chars. Siderite and pyritemore » significantly increase reactivity of Saran carbon to hydrogen. On the other hand, calcite and kaolinite inhibit the hydrogasification reaction. Oil-water-air emulsions have lower thermal efficiency than oil itself; however, the addition of coal to the emulsion increases the efficiency to that of oil. The addition of coal also consistently results in increased heat flux from the flame to the water tubes. (auth)« less


Yis traditional cultur interacts with other cultures frequently because of Chinas opening and reforming.Yis marital culture has been transforming from passive one into more positive one.The marital limitations on nationalities、lineages and classes are getting broken,womens self-determination is emerging.These changes have not become a mainstream yet,but they certainly represent progress and future trend.


This paper presents new process monitoring strategies for low cost high density substrates manufactured on large area panels. By increasing the panel size from today's 4 x4 inch 2 up to 24 x24 inch 2 , the EU LAP project is reaching the costs target of US$1/inch 2 for MCM-D substrates. But therefore it is essential to keep the substrate yield on large panels as high as on small panels. With this goal in mind we face complete new monitoring challenges and cost-yield trade-offs. The presented monitoring strategies are laid out to minimise the area consumption, maximise the failure coverage and avoid additional process steps. A case study at the end of the paper shows the benefits in terms of yield and cost when using the new strategies.


The article describes the key herbivore mammals species of in Striltsivsky Steppe. The authors noticed changes in the list of mammalian genera, namely, a decrease in the number of certain groups of characteristic steppe plant feeders, as well as the appearance and distribution of species common for forest biotopes. An increase in the number of large plant feeders (such as wild boar and roe deer) was noted, although the nature and scale of their environment-forming role are insufficient in suppressing reservogenic successions of the vegetation cover. Based on own observations and literature data analysis, the authors predict that the relevant trends in the flora and fauna composition in the reserve will continue in the future provided that the current regime of its territory remains the same.


The analysis of reports on construction site accidents suggests that most accidents involve work at high elevations and the lack or inappropriate use of personal protection devices. Therefore, the paper provides several alternatives of personal protection devices intended for the prevention of falls from elevations. It is suggested to select the most appropriate protection device using the new multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) method of the weighted aggregated sum product assessment with grey numbers (WASPAS-G) to help prevent accidents when working at elevations.


Storage system Short Message Service (SMS). Comprises a short message server (2) (SMSC), nodes STP (4) (intermediate signaling point network), records location data of mobile terminals (3) (HLR) and records visitor location center (VLR); characterized in that it comprises additional storage means SMS (5) and means (3 or 4) for storing an identification of said additional storage means (SMS), which relates the identification of the means (5) with their address in the mobile network, for sending a corresponding identification means (5) number, are consulted means (3 or 5), from which the network address associated with the identification to be used is obtained as VLR address for sending the SMS to means (5) stored in these as if a mobile terminal is involved. Storage is done so that each user of a mobile terminal uses the identification means (5) to send an SMS, which had previously received or previously had generated in the same way it does when you send an SMS to another mobile terminal.


DC distribution technology is emerging as a prospective form of future power system owing to its advantages such as high controllability and easy compatibility. In medium- or low-voltage DC distribution systems, the two-level voltage-source converter (VSC) has become one of the preferred topologies for grid-connected converters. A comprehensive small-signal model for VSC-based DC distribution systems, which takes into consideration the AC filter, DC distribution cables, and all the controllers in the VSC is presented in this study. Based on the ideal AC source, an absolutely stable synchronous rotating coordinate system is built to preclude the influence of the short circuit ratio of the AC system. The proposed model is verified using a detailed electromagnetic transient simulation carried out using power systems computer-aided design (PSCAD). To analyse the impact of neglecting the AC filter and phase-locked loop controller, two simplified models are established, and a detailed comparison of the three models is presented. The results indicate that when using the two simplified models, the time-domain responses are significantly different from those in the PSCAD simulation and the obtained feasible domains of the control parameters tend to be either more optimistic or conservative. Thus, to carry out a small-signal stability analysis, the use of the proposed comprehensive model is recommended to ensure the safety of the DC distribution system.


The invention relates to a method for improving the adhesive of water cloth, which comprises: before adhering, using dye vat to dye to form one hydrophobic chemical medicament on the surface of fabric; then processing burr treatment on the adherent surface of said fabric to form some filoplume of ultra-fine fiber, to improve the adhesive; at last, adhering at least one waterproof film on the adherent surface, to form a functional fabric with water dial effect and waterproof film. The invention can support variable fabrics, to solve the problem of worse viscosity caused by water dial treatment, while said functional fabric has better flexibility and softness.


Cost-benefit analysis is a widely used governmental evaluation tool, though academics remain skeptical. This volume gathers prominent contributors from law, economics and philosophy for discussion of cost-benefit analysis, specifically its moral foundations, applications,and limitations. Contributors include Matthew Adler, Gary Becker, John Broome, Robert Frank, Robert Hahn, Lewis Kornhauser, Martha Nussbaum, Eric Posner, Richard Posner, Henry Richardson, Amartya Sen, Cass Sunstein and Kip Viscusi.


In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach, which is a statistical machine translation (SMT), while using an example-based decoder. In this way, it will solve efficiently the re-ordering problem in SMT and the problems for spoken language MT, such as lots of omissions, idioms etc. We present a novel re-ordering model for SMT firstly and then an example-based decoder. Through experiments, we show that this approach obtains significant improvements over the baseline on a Chinese-English spoken language translation task.


This article describes the recent improvements to the operational wave numerical prediction system at SHN/SMN. The SMARA/WAM wave model, based on a quasi-standard version of WAM 4.0 was replaced by the new NOAA/NCEP WAVEWATCH III R 3.14. A stand-alone version for the South Atlantic and Southern Oceans produced 4-day wave forecasts four times daily for over one year. Spectral partitioning allows more realistic products including superposed seas in


The purpose of this study was to strengthen the inferential competence of reading comprehension in the children of the fourth grade of elementary school Colegio Hijas de los Sagrados Corazones, improving knowledge, with TIC and didactic sequences; Focused on reading comprehension. Where it became evident that since the implementation of the Mobile Application "Children's Tales" students showed a greater interest in reading, in addition to concentrating and participating in the development of the activities that were proposed, thus fulfilling the objectives proposed.


Many Information Technology classes require some sort of team project. As part of research into using personality inventories to help form project teams, the author conducted a case study in a software engineering/systems analysis class using a control group methodology for group selection after giving a personality inventory to students. This paper will discuss concepts of personality inventories, how they can be used for group selection, the case study itself, and further discussion of how this can be applied in other classes. The primary personality inventory used is the Keirsey Temperament Sorter.


Are classified and analyzed the main investigations that, bibliographically or historically, studied the Printing press in Bilbao, with purpose of demonstrating the scarcity, the dispersion and the heterogeneous quality of the sources, and justify the compilation of a bibliography that describes systematic manner all documents printed in Bilbao in centuries 16th to 19th, according tothe principles of the 'New Bibliography' and 'Tipobibliografia Espanola project'.


Objective To investigate escherichia coli (E.coli) on its clinical infectious distribution in children and its resistance against antibiotics.Methods Totally 429 samples of blood ,urine,,feces,secretions of the wound from children patients with various causes of visit in our hospital were cultured for bacteria,and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 12 kinds of antibiotics such as cephalosporins and aminoglycosides were analyzed by K-B method.Results The infection sites by E.coli mainly included wound,intestinal tract,urinary tract,and blood.Antibiotic resistant rates were 90% for ampicillin,79.5% for cefzolin,75.9% for cefuroxime,69.7% mezlocillin,63.0% gentamycin,and 7.8% amikacin respectively.Conclusion E.coli is still a major pathogenic bacterium in our hospital,with resistance to a variety of antimicrobial agents.Clinically reasonable application of antibiotics should be enhanced so as to reduce the production of drug-resistant strain.


In an award winning book of literary scholarship, Sacks explores the functions as well as forms of convention and provides an interpretive study of the elegy as a genre. "The English Elegy" is an ambitious and humane book, an eloquent work on the poetry of mourning. (Poetry)


This research is descriptive analysis is used to analyze the influence of work ability, work motivation, and work environment to the performance of employees of Regional Revenue Board of Makassar City and Multiple Regression Analysis is the method used to answer the relationship between each independent variable with dependent variable. Result of Research Show there are positive influence and significant competence to performance of employees of Local Revenue Board of Makassar City partially. This is evidenced by the value of t arithmetic greater than the value of t table and the value of P is smaller than α. There is a positive influence and significant compensation to the performance of employees of Local Revenue Agency of Makassar City partially. This is evidenced by the value of t arithmetic greater than the value of t table and the value of P is smaller than α. There is a positive influence and significant work discipline on the performance of employees of Local Revenue Agency of Makassar City partially. This is evidenced by the value of t arithmetic greater than the value of t table and the value of P is smaller than α. There is a positive and significant influence of competence, compensation, and work discipline variables on the performance of employees of Local Revenue Board of Makassar City simultaneously. This is evidenced by the value of F arithmetic greater than the value of F table and the value of P is smaller than α.


A survey over Swedish film culture between the world wars, focused on the connections between avant-garde filmmakers and cinephiles in the work for an institutionalised film culture (film archives, film journals, film schools etc.)


That citizens can trust leaders in politics and the public sphere to be sincere and truthful helps to make democracy work. However, the idea of authentic communication raises both sociological and ethical questions. Scholars focusing on institutional conditions emphasize that audiences only have reasons to trust speakers that appear to have incentives to be truthful, unless they know them personally. However, theorists of ethics argue that authentic communication requires genuine commitment, which is conceptually at odds with self-interested reasoning. This article finds that both incentives and genuine commitment are necessary conditions for trustworthiness in speech, but neither is sufficient on its own. The problem is thus how to combine them. Examining the work of Habermas and Bourdieu, this article develops a relational perspective on authentic communication. It suggests that latent institutions can induce trust by making trustworthiness preferable, and still allow speakers to earn citizens' trust through genuine ethical commitment.


The present study aimed to analyse the level of genetic variation in the eastern Central European (Slovenia, Hungary, and Romania/Transylvania) populations of the Large Blues (Maculinea) to analyse the pattern of differentiation both between and within the species. One objective was to compare the level of differentiation between the two disputed species (Maculinea alcon and Maculinea rebeli) with that among the other species. Imagos were collected from 23 localities in eastern Central Europe in 2002. Enzyme polymorphism was analysed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fourteen enzyme loci were studied in all samples. In the analysis of the data, F-statistics and Nei's genetic distances were calculated and a dendrogram (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) was constructed on the basis of the distance matrix. A multivariate analysis of variance was performed to study the pattern of genetic differentiation among the samples. Principal component analysis analysis was also carried out using the allele frequency data of the samples. Our results indicated that the large blues are generally less polymorphic than other European lycaenid butterflies studied. At the same time, the level of genetic differentiation was high, even among local populations within the species. A low level of genetic variation within the populations coupled with strong differentiation among them implies the effect of genetic drift. Strong genetic differentiation of four Maculinea species (M. alcon, Maculinea teleius, Maculinea nausithous, and Maculinea arion) was confirmed. Significant differentiation was not found between M. alcon and M. rebeli. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 91, 11–21.


A spread spectrum PRMA (SSPRMA) is proposed. We analyze its throughput, and the probability of voice packet being dropped (Pdrop) by Markov chain analysis. Numerical results prove that SSPRMA enjoys a higher statistical multiplexing gain, however, SSPRMA also suffers drastic deterioration under heavy load condition.


This article concerns the position of Magyar minority political parties in the Slovak party system. An analysis of the Magyar minority position in the Slovak society in terms of Slovak-Magyar relations development is included. The Magyars are the largest ethnic minority in several Central European countries. Almost 2.5 million Magyars live in the countries adjacent to Hungary. Their highest population share, at nearly 10 %, is in Slovakia. Unlike in adjacent countries, the Magyar minority in Slovakia has far more options for political self-fulfilment. Thanks to the Magyar share in the Slovak population, the Magyar parties regularly take one-tenth of the seats in the Slovak parliament. To characterize the role of the Magyar parties in the current Slovak party system, it is necessary to understand their behaviour in interwar Czechoslovakia. The Hungarian party sub-system is fundamentally influenced by election legislation. This forces minority parties to cooperate in coalition and integrate. Coalition or even consolidation of like-oriented minority and majority parties is out of the question in Slovakia. An electoral coalition between the Slovak and Magyar parties took place just once, in 1990. Since 1998, all relevant Magyar political parties have been integrated into the Party of the Hungarian Coalition (SMK). The electoral gains of the party have been increasing to date. Owing to its firm electoral base, the party has profited, one of the few to do so, from decreasing participation in elections. Although three former parties representing three different political streams have been integrated into the SMK, it has always acted as a single unit. The party has a solid position in the Slovak party system and it seems apparent that it will remain the sole political representative of Slovak Magyars in the future.


A vehicle shift apparatus comprising: an operation member (10); a body portion (11), supporting the operating member (10), so that the operation member can be rotated clockwise and counterclockwise direction from the initial position and can be from rotated position along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle displacement, and the post-rotation and the displacement of the operating member (10) automatically returns to the initial position; wherein the operating member (10) from the initial position is rotated, the shift gear to the neutral position, when the operation member (10) from an initial position and a rotated position from the vehicle longitudinal direction is rotatably displaced, the shift range is switched to the driving range, and an operation member (10) rotational direction from the rotation initial position to switch the forward and reverse gears. Accordingly, the occurrence of erroneous operation can be suppressed but also a relatively simple operation to switch the shift position.


Seven varieties of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), of varying leaf size from large to small, were sown with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in 1985, at an upland site, and compared over three harvest years under a cutting management (5-6 cuts), and under continuous grazing by sheep. Fertilizer N input totalled 80 kg ha−1 in both the cutting and the grazing trial. The same varieties were included in two official National List (NL) trials sown the same year at a nearby site; these comprised a yield trial with 6-7 cuts and a persistency trial mown very frequently (17 cuts) to simulate intensive grazing.

At the upland site the large-leaved varieties, Milkanova and Blanca, were the highest yielding under cutting (mean 3·3 t DM ha−1), and the small-leaved S184 and Kent the lowest yielding (mean 2·3 t DM ha−1). The rankings were reversed under grazing (corresponding yields 1·1 and 2·1 t DM ha−1). The medium-leaved varieties Donna, Menna and Grasslands Huia behaved similarly to the large-leaved varieties. Ranking order in the cutting trial was similar to that in the NL trial.

Ground covers after three harvest years differed significantly only under grazing, when the small-leaved varieties had a 2-3 times greater cover than the larger-leaved varieties. A poor separation of the varieties in the NL persistency trial suggests that defoliation was not sufficiently severe to simulate intensive grazing.

These comparisons indicate that the performance of clover varieties under the cutting regimes used should not be extrapolated to continuous sheep grazing.


This article describes results of a national survey of rehabilitation educators concerning their perceptions of their knowledge adequacies and training needs. Twelve vital instructional areas were identified and respondents were asked to rate each area for their adequacy of knowledge, need for inservice training, and willingness to attend inservice training. Findings showed that educators rated their knowledge adequacy high and their need for inservice training low. Although there was a significant inverse relationship between knowledge adequacy and need for inservice training, there was no significant relationship between willingness to attend inservice training and knowledge adequacy, or between willingness to attend inservice training and need for inservice training.


Authors of this paper analyze and review the development status of the "Three Formaldehyde Glue which is the main part for wood-based panel and wood industrial use adhesive,and the development trend of wood industrial adhesive is also demonstrated.


This paper studies the role of truly independent nonlinear factors in asset pricing. While the most successful stochastic discount factor (SDF) benchmarks pricing the cross-section of stock returns are obtained from regularized linear principal components of characteristic-based returns we show that allowing for substitution of some linear principal components by independent nonlinear factors consistently improves the SDF's ability to price this cross-section. We use the Fama-French 25 ME/BM-sorted portfolios, (cid:28)fty anomaly portfolios, and (cid:28)fty anomalies plus characteristic-based interaction terms to test the e(cid:27)ectiveness of the nonlinear dynamic factors. The SDF estimated using a mixture of nonlinear and linear factors outperforms the ones using solely linear factors or raw characteristic returns in terms of out-of-sample R 2 pricing performance. Moreover, the hybrid model (cid:21)using both nonlinear and linear principal components(cid:21) requires less risk factors to achieve the highest out-of-sample performance compared to a model using only linear factors


The present invention discloses an insulator, in particular an antioxidant, corrosion automotive connectors insulator which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: PET: 25-30%; PVC: 15-18%; LCP: 5- 8%; antioxidant: 6-12%; polyether ether ketone PEEK resin: 5-13%; PVC heat stabilizers: 5-8%; alkyl sulfonic vinegar and a mixture of phthalate ester plasticizer : 2-5%; flame retardants: 3-6%. LCP of the present invention and by increasing antioxidants and other additives, the insulator can effectively improve resistance to oxidation and corrosion; The present invention also provides a method of preparing an antioxidant corrosion motor connector, by preparing, drying, melting, injection molding step to complete the preparation of the insulator, the process is simple, high-quality products, adapted to be introduced.


Underground infrastructures and the importance of the people's safety and structures robustness are relevant and contemporary issues in the civil engineering industry. The demand for this infrastructural typology has developed to such an extent that the need for a better and cost-beneficial knowledge of the risks is necessary. This thesis aims at bridging and developing further the knowledge on Fire safety engineering and structural engineering on the particular topic of spalling failure. Another objective of this thesis is the discussion over the possible replacement of the used procedures used to assess and guarantee tunnel safety. Both from a fire safety and structural engineering point of view, prescriptive measures and solutions are mostly proposed to accomplish a safe tunnel design. This causes the design to be non optimised and in some cases more costly than what is actually needed. From the fire safety side, the use of pre-given fire curves is put under discussion. Research has been conducted to asses which are the origins of the most widely used curves. Studies have also been performed to develop a practical analytical engineering method to analyse and estimate the consequences of a given fire scenario tailored to the specific tunnel under consideration. Subsequently the results of the analytical models have been compared with the results obtained with advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics tools. Finally, more complicated scenarios have been studied with the use of this software. On the other hand, from a structural engineering point of view, a new model able to describe the spalling mechanism has been proposed. The model predicts the spalling time for NSC elements and at the same time verifies which is the optimal thickness for the piece to spall. On top of that the possibilities for further use of the model in the description of the spalling mechanism for HSC and PPFRC elements have been investigated. Finally this two topics have been combined together and conclusion have been drawn.


Objective To investigate the osteogenic ability of human allogenous acellular bone(HAB) loaded with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) . Methods Human acellular bone was obtained from the iliac bone of fresh corpse, processed with 15% hydroperoxide and ether solution and sterilized for conservation. BMSCs from living femoral shaft bone marrow were cultured immediately in ordinary and mineralized medium composed of DMEM, fetal bovine serum, dexomethasone, β-glycerophophate and ascorbic acid. After BMSCs confirmed rapidly proliferated and differentiated toward osteoblast, which was proved by alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) detect in the culture medium, they were concentrated and implanted within HAB scaffold. After this composite was soaked and cultured for another 8 days, ALP and OCN in the medium were then assayed again. The his-tologic presentation was determined under light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Results HAB was well prepared showing a complete reservation of its porous structure. ALP and OCN activities in the induced culture medium were significantly higher than in the ordinary medium( P 0.05) . The composite bone loaded with BMSCs demonstrated a positive presentation of the osteogenic function by the biochemical assay. BMSCs were adhered and grew well in HAB scaffold. Conclusion HAB loaded with induced BMSCs has an excellent osteogenic function in vitro and presents an effective potential to be a good bone tissue engineering material.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for saving communication record, including that: when communications occur, whether the corresponding contact person number of communications this time is in an important contact person database is judged; if so, the communication record of the communication this time is saved in a calendar database according to the date of the communications this time. Simultaneously, the embodiment of the invention further discloses a device for saving communication record and a mobile terminal. The embodiment of the invention ensures the communication records of important contact persons not to be lost by setting the important contact person database. The communication records at the corresponding communication date can be viewed according to the calendar date, so that the communication records of important contact persons are conveniently viewed.


A taxonomic study of some members of the section Dulcamara of the genus Solanum based on the analysis of fresh and herbaria material is presented. Three spec...


Vodafone is globally committed to improving health outcomes by mobilizing clinicians, administrators, managers and other health workers. In New Zealand Vodafone invests in a strong partnership program with developers to mobilize health solutions, and also leverages its international mobile health success for the local sector. This paper describes an innovative three-way alliance of Vodafone, Waikato District Health Board (Waikato DHB), and Orbiz to commercialise a dental clinical mobile solution. The alliance provides a framework for Waikato DHB to further develop DentIS, to extend the solution to other interested DHBs, and to investigate other new clinical mobile applications.


Introduction: A lack of awareness of the diagnosis of mental disorders exists in the Ghanaian community due to the general misconceptions about mental health. One major challenge in diagnosing mental disorders is that no blood test or scan can be performed to confirm a particular mental disorder, unlike other medical conditions such as cancer, malaria, diabetes, and hepatitis. A stepwise progressive observation and assessment to rule out all possible medical conditions that might be associated with a mental disorder is essential to enhance the quality of diagnosis and treatment. This study focuses on describing the diagnostic practices of mental disorders to educate the public, create awareness, and to improve diagnosis in Ghana. Objective: This paper aims to describe the current diagnostic practices used to diagnose mental disorders to understand the impact of the diagnosis of mental disorders and to provide evidence for mental health policy and planning to improve diagnostic practice in psychiatry in Ghana. Methods: We collected and described data on the diagnosis of mental disorders from 30 mental health professionals aged 20 years and above who were purposively selected from six hospitals. We carried out in-person structured interviews with all participants at their various hospital


An apparatus for remedying the light urinary incontinence in women, characterized in that it is constituted by a substantially rigid removable body and free of sharp angles and can be inserted manually into the vaginal cavity and maintained under the bladder so as to support the latter as well as the urethra through the anterior vaginal wall and to oppose the ptosis of the bladder neck.


The data of water,electricity and coal gas can be obtained quickly and reliably through remote meter-reading systems. Remote meter-reading systems,which have already been widely used abroad,can not only measure the energy consumption exactly and efficiently,but also provide many automatic management functions.The paper discusses the hardware principle and method of the implementation of intelligent meter-reading system,introduces the network-based communication principle and protocol used in systems which transmit the data of water,electricity and gas consumption,and also describes the software functions,realization method and structure of intelligent meter-reading system based on the WINDOWS platform.This paper may provide reference for the design of remote meter-reading system.


To study the effect of myoendothelial communication on vascular reactivity, we integrated detailed mathematical models of Ca2+ dynamics and membrane electrophysiology in arteriolar smooth muscle (SMC) and endothelial (EC) cells. Cells are coupled through the exchange of Ca2+, Cl−, K+, and Na+ ions, inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate (IP3), and the paracrine diffusion of nitric oxide (NO). EC stimulation reduces intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+ in the SMC by transmitting a hyperpolarizing current carried primarily by K+. The NO‐independent endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization was abolished in a synergistic‐like manner by inhibition of EC SKCa and IKCa channels. During NE stimulation, IP3diffusing from the SMC induces EC Ca2+ release, which, in turn, moderates SMC depolarization and [Ca2+]i elevation. On the contrary, SMC [Ca2+]i was not affected by EC‐derived IP3. Myoendothelial Ca2+ fluxes had no effect in either cell. The EC exerts a stabilizing effect on calcium‐induced calcium release‐dependent SMC Ca2+ oscillations by increasing the norepinephrine concentration window for oscillations. We conclude that a model based on independent data for subcellular components can capture major features of the integrated vessel behavior. This study provides a tissue‐specific approach for analyzing complex signaling mechanisms in the vasculature.


In the era of digital economy, human capital is an important factor in building the core competitiveness of enterprises. However, the problem of frequent turnover, high turnover rate and low employee loyalty has been widely concerned. How to effectively attract, manage and ensure the maximum value of the new generation of employees in the enterprise is an urgent problem to be solved in today's enterprise human resources management. Based on the theory of social exchange and resource conservation, this paper takes 457 new generation employees as the research object to explore the influence of high involvement work system on employees' organizational commitment, and to analyze the mediating effect of the sense of work gain and the moderating effect of family support. The results show that high involvement system has a significant positive impact on employee's affective commitment, continuance commitment and normative commitment, but has the least impact on employee's continuance commitment. Employee's sense of work gain fully mediates the relationship between the high involvement system and their organizational commitment; family support positively moderates the relationship between high involvement work system and sense of work gain, and further moderates the mediating effect of sense of work gain. That is, the higher the level of family support, the stronger the positive impact of high involvement work system on sense of work gain, and the stronger the mediating effect of sense of work gain in high involvement work system and employee's emotional commitment, continuous commitment and normative commitment.


A new microfluidic approach to preparing anisotropic colloidal photonic crystal microparticles is developed and the self-assembly kinetics of colloidal nanoparticles is discussed. Based on the "coffee ring" effect in the self-assembly process of colloidal silica particle in strong solvent extraction environment, we successfully prepared anisotropic photonic crystal microparticles with different shapes and improved optical properties. The shapes and optical properties of photonic crystal microparticles can be controlled by adjusting the droplet size and extraction rate. We studied the self-assembly mechanism of colloidal silica particles in strong solvent extraction environment, which has potential applications in a variety of fields including optical communication technology, environmental response, photo-catalysis and chromic material.


Understanding basic financial concepts such as simple and compound interest, inflation, and risk diversification are essential prerequisites to possessing a minimum level of financial literacy. People who are financially literate are better equipped to manage the increasingly complex challenge of navigating the diverse set of problems inherent in an ever-changing financial landscape. One important consequence related to higher levels of financial literacy is an improved ability to make well-informed decisions regarding activities such as saving, investing, borrowing, and beyond. This work describes the results of a study conducted by the Center for Insurance Research of IE, that was designed to explore how the current level of financial literacy within different segments of the Spanish population affects saving and investing behavior and the perceived barriers to these practices. Using an online market research firm (Netquest), we conducted a survey in which 1538 participants were drawn from a representative sample of the Spanish population with internet access. Our data suggests an endemic lack of understanding within Spanish society regarding financial basis concepts and financial products available for investing, across all segments of the population. Decisions to save and invest are largely motivated by the desire to supplement one's pension, prepare for unforeseen events, increase wealth, and diversify risks. However, financial scandals and corruption, high levels of perceived risk in financial products and institutions, and a general lack of knowledge, are perceived as a strong barriers against investing. We conclude with a brief discussion of several tactics that can help inform the design and implementation of strategies geared toward increasing public understanding of financial products and investing, as well as helping to develop healthy saving and investment practices within the Spanish population.


Dynamic topology change and decentralized makes routing a challenging task in mobile ad hoc network. Energy efficient routing is the most challenging task in MANET due to limited energy of mobile nodes. Limited power of batteries typically use in MANET, and this is not easy to change or replace while running communication. Network disorder can occur for many factors but in middle of these factors deficiency of energy is the most significant one for causing broken links and early partition of the network. Evenly distribution of power between nodes could enhance the lifetime of the network, which leads to improving overall network transmission and minimizes the connection request. To discourse this issue, we propose an Energy Aware Routing Protocol (EARP) which considers node energy in route searching process and chooses nodes with higher energy levels. The EARP aim is to establish the shortest route from source to destination that contains energy efficient nodes. The performance of EARP is evaluated in terms of packet delivery ratio, network lifetime, end-to-end delay and throughput. Results of simulation done by using NS2 network simulator shows that EARP can achieve both high throughput and delivery ratio, whereas increase network lifetime and decreases end-to-end delay.


Introduction Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in the Western world. Traditionally, patients with coronary heart disease requiring a revascularizing procedure have had to undergo either coronary artery bypass surgery, which usually involves open thoracotomy, or percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty, or a related procedure. Unfortunately, especially in patients with severe diffuse coronary heart disease, revascularization by these means can be difficult or even impossible. It has been shown that incomplete revascularization is a predictor of a worsened postoperative outcome (i.e., recurrent angina, myocardial infarction, or even death). We have known for a long time that many patients with ischemic disease develop angiographically visible collateral vessels. Initial research focused on the enlargement of preexisting collateral vessels, a process for which Wolfgang Schaper has proposed the term "neoarteriogenesis."1 It is now clear that true "angiogenesis," defined as the formation of new vessels by sprouting from preexisting vessels, also occurs. The latter also should be differentiated from the earliest embryological process of new vessel formation directly from mesodermal endothelial cell precursors, which is called "vasculogenesis."2 In the last few years, clinical trials have been initiated with the goal of enhancing angiogenesis to treat peripheral vascular disease and ischemic heart disease. In this review, we will summarize the underlying concepts for this novel mode of therapy, plus the available information on its efficacy. The sprouting of capillaries from preexisting vessels (angiogenesis) is a normal and necessary process to supply the growing organism with nutrients and oxygen. Ischemic vascular disease, along with wound healing and the monthly endometrial proliferation, are conditions in which angiogenesis may be beneficial or necessary. Of course, angiogenesis is also part of the pathogenic mechanism of tumors, hemangiomas, proliferative retinopathies, and inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.3 Even in ischemic vascular disease, it is possible that vascularization of atherosclerotic plaques by vessels arising from the vasa vasorum leads to hemorrhages with consequent plaque instability,4 and thus enhancing angiogenesis may promote vessel pathology. The vasculature of a 70 kg adult is lined by approximately 1,000 m2 of quiescent endothelial cells with a very low turnover rate that can exceed 1,000 days.3 Upon angiogenic activation (e.g., by growth factors released during ischemia), a local inflammatory reaction often can be observed with increased local vascular permeability, vasodilation, and accumulation of monocytes and macrophages. These latter cells release more cytokines and growth factors, which lead to the accumulation of additional inflammatory cells. They also release enzymes that promote the proteolytic degradation of the underlying extracellular matrix and basal membrane. Such degradation causes the endothelial cells to detach from their neighboring cells and the underlying matrix, followed by chemotactic migration and proliferation. Subsequently, formation of a lumen occurs and, eventually, maturation and growth of the newly formed vessel.2,5,6 In vessels larger than capillaries, vascular smooth muscle cells proliferate and migrate as well. In addition, it recently has been shown that circulating endothelial cell precursors released from the bone marrow participate in the formation of new vessels in the setting of tissue ischemia.7 Investigators currently are assessing the importance and contribution of the latter mechanism to neovascularization in the adult organism. If it proves substantial, the traditional means of differentiating between angiogenesis and vasculogenesis may need to be reconsidered. The regulatory mechanisms of angiogenesis are very complex and only partially understood. Both mechanical factors and multiple endogenous inhibitors have been identified that probably act to inhibit inappropriate endothelial cell proliferation following mitogenic stimulation.3 Most of the known angiogenesis inhibitors circulate in the blood and some have been detected in the matrix around endothelial cells. They include platelet factor 4, thrombospondin-1 and -2, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, and interferon α.3,8 It is unclear whether the endothelium specific inhibitors angiostatin, a 38 kDa fragment of plasminogen,3 and endostatin, a 20 kDa fragment of collagen XVIII,9 are present in physiologically active amounts in organisms without malignant tumors. Of potential importance for myocardial angiogenesis is the recent isolation of an 11 kDa inhibitor of endothelial and smooth muscle proliferation and angiogenesis with homology to the B-cell translocator gene (btg-1) from the bovine heart.1,10 Regarding mechanical factors, contact inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, which easily can be observed by growing primary endothelial cells in a culture dish, limits excessive endothelial cell growth. Additionally, endothelial cells are surrounded in vivo by a basal lamina, which creates a physical barrier between endothelial cells and the extravascular space. Pericytes may regulate or restrain endothelial cell proliferation. Angiogenesis also can be inhibited by sequestration of angiogenic factors in the extracellular matrix; furthermore, changes of endothelial cell shape may decrease their sensitivity to growth factors.3 On the other hand, many endogenous factors that promote angiogenesis have been identified. These include various growth factors that interact with receptor tyrosine kinases (see below), angiogenin, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, interleukin-8, and proliferin.3,11,12 The balance of these inhibitory and mitogenic influences determines whether angiogenesis occurs.


OBJECTIVES
The assessment of digital ulcers (DUs) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) depends crucially on visual aspects. However, little is known about the differences in visual assessment of these wounds between experts and non-experts or medical lay persons (novices). To develop potential training recommendations for the visual assessment of digital ulcers in SSc, we analysed gaze pattern data during assessment of digital ulcers between assessors with different levels of expertise.

METHODS
Gaze pattern data from 36 participants were collected with a mobile eye tracking device. 20 pictures from digital ulcers of SSc patients were presented to each participant. The analysis comprised the scan path, the dwell times (for areas of interest), fixation counts and the entry time for each picture and subject.

RESULTS
Most significant differences were found between novices and medically educated groups. Dwell times in the wound area for novices differed statistically significantly from all medically educated groups (1.76s-3.1s less). Above all, novices had lower dwell times in wound margin and wound surrounding and spent more time in other areas (up to 1.92s longer). Correspondingly, they had less fixation points and longer overall scan paths in wound areas. Similar gaze pattern data were generated for medically educated groups.

CONCLUSIONS
For the first time, we could analyse the visual assessment of digital ulcers in SSc and detected differences according to levels of medical education and expertise. Adequate training on proper interpretation of changes in all wound areas are warranted to improve wound assessment in digital ulcers.


Over 100 cities around the globe currently operate robust, bikesharing systems. While much research in bikesharing is duly taking place, there have been hardly any studies on the factors influencing travel behavior in bikesharing. This study has taken five variables that may significantly influence bikesharing— the floor area of nearby residential and commercial buildings, parks, schools, and subway stations—and performed regression analyses to determine their impact on the frequency of bikesharing usage. In particular, the study separately analyzes conditions which are expected to render different behaviors, including weekdays vs. weekends; precipitation; and departure point and destination. As a result of the analysis, the total area around residential and commercial buildings, parks, schools, and subway stations were shown to have a positive influence on bikesharing usage, although the extent of such influence was shown to vary depending on the model. Commercial buildings were shown to promote public bicycle usage more than residential buildings; and parks were shown to encourage bikesharing usage 3 to 5 times more than schools or subway stations. A difference between weekday and weekend travel behavior was also identified, with the latter seeing twice the amount of bikesharing traffic volume than the former. Rainfall was generally shown to decrease bikesharing usage as is presumed. The results of this study can be used in estimating the appropriate scale of new bikesharing stations at various venues, and are also applicable to building strategies for maximizing the efficiency of bicycle redistribution.


The invention relates to the preparation of a growth factor porous micro-sphere compound system coated by an injectable hydrogel. The preparation is characterized by comprising a first component, namely HA-ADH sol obtained by cross-linking of hyaluronic acid (HA) and adipic dihydrazide (ADH), and polylactic acid (PLLA) porous micro-spheres which are carried with growth factors and loaded in the first component. The compound system is capable of degrading and slowly releasing the growth factors under physiological conditions, so that the slow releasing of the growth factors in a body is realized, and the problems that the growth factors are released too fast and an action period is too short are solved, thereby reaching the effect of neural restoration.


— As teaching learning of the nursing innovation course is a nation innovator building in nursing profession, the effective teaching-learning and motivations of the class are worth exploring. This study explored into how the senior nursing students experienced group work in Thai context. The data came from 76 students in nine groups of the course taught. Examination of the class atmosphere and motivations of the students enrolling the course of innovation development in nursing by focus group discussions were obtained. In addition, in-depth interviews with their nine group instructors were carried out for understanding teaching and learning process. A single case, embedded study was completed, which reveals insight and understanding into the manner in which nursing students experience group work assignments and how these experiences contributed to their perception of positive group work outcomes. The major theme extracted in this study was a cognitive outcome via a group learning process, including five stage group process listed as follows: stage 1 Group Assignment, stage 2 Group Organizing, stage 3 Group Performing, stage 4 Close Relationship, and stage 5 Group Cerebration. Results proposed a situational group work model, which could be defined as a pattern that identifies crucial situational factors involved with undergraduate nursing student group work, which was student-centered in group work experiences. These findings have strong recommendation for educators to improve group teaching and also to better inform facilitators of group work in the undergraduate nursing classroom.


The genus Anadenanthera has been reported in the literature with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial effect and healing action in wound treatment. The study aimed to evaluate, in vivo, the angiogenic and embryotoxic activities of A. peregrina extract. Angiogenesis in chicken embryo egg chorioallantoic membrane and zebrafish embryotoxicity was performed. A. peregrina extract at concentrations 62 mg mL-1 and 124 mg mL-1 were angiogenic. For embryotoxicity, the mortality rate increased with increasing concentration and increased dose and time dependent embryotoxicity was observed. The lethal concentration (LC50) ranged from 0.331mg mL-1 over the 24 hpf period to 0.007 mg mL-1 at 168 hpf (Δ% = -97.9), decreasing with increasing exposure. The heart rate decreased progressively and significantly with increasing concentration at all tested exposure times. In conclusion, it was evidenced that the extract of Anadenanthera peregrina has angiogenic activity. Nonetheless, embryotoxic effects were observed at high concentrations.


I will review the current developments in gravitational theories that break Lorentz invariance. The interest on these models was triggered by Horava's proposal to complete general relativity to a renormalizable theory by violating Lorentz invariance in the UV. I'll show that this has also consequences for gravitational physics at low-energies, which I'll constrain with observations. In particular, I'll show how to use data from cosmological observations to put constraints that complement other traditional test of general relativity.


"Mental Content and the Body as Represented in Action". The existence of representations of the body, especially those that would be required to act, has been the subject of long controversies. The objective of this article is to defend the idea that there are representations of the body involved in carrying out daily actions. Our thesis is that what some doubts really show about this type of representation is that they must have a certain type of non-conceptual content. First, we address these doubts, showing that they do not refute the existence of the representations in question. We note that they contain two insights for any characterization of the content of such representations. Thus, we come to propose a characterization such that it adequately accommodates the indicated intuitions. We conclude by examining a possible objection to the proposal and offering a tentative reading of the relationship between mental content and action.


A chemi-thermomechanical pulp (CTMP) effluent was treated by upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors. The purpose of the 254 day experiment was to evaluate the acclimatization process for two types of anaerobic granules to CTMP wastewater. One type was an acetic acid enriched culture composed mainly of methanogenic bacteria (reactor I) and the other was a mixed anaerobic culture containing both methanogenic and acidogenic bacteria (reactor II). Initially the reactors were maintained on synthetic feed with acetic acid (reactor I) or sucrose (reactor II) as the carbon source. In order to acclimatize the granules to the wastewater, CTMP wastewater was introduced in 3 stages (10, 50, and 100%). The wastewater contained 8200 mg/l COD, 30-40% of which was non-biodegradable. Both reactors were operated at a specific loading rate of 0.16 g COD/g VSS/day throughout the experiment. Supplementary batch tests using serum bottles were conducted to evaluate toxicity of the CTMP wastewater and two known toxic compounds, pentachlorophenol and mercuric chloride, on mixed anaerobic culture granules.

Reactor II acclimatized to the CTMP wastewater better than reactor I. At 50% CTMP wastewater, a COD removal rate of 80% was attained for reactor II, while reactor I removed only 55% of the influent COD. Coincidentally, acetic acid consumption in reactor I was also inhibited after the introduction of 50% CTMP wastewater. It took reactor I 60 days to recover from the CTMP toxicity and to achieve the level of reactor II performance.

An unexpected discovery was that the granules from both reactors were completely inhibited 2 weeks after the completion of the 254 day experiment. The granules were stored in a cold room (4°C) for two weeks, during this period, the granules lost the ability to degrade acetic acid. These sick (inhibited) granules re-gained acetoclastic activity when sucrose feed was provided as a carbon source.

The results of batch tests showed a dramatic reduction in granule biogas production after exposure both to starvation and to toxicants at levels higher than a certain threshold concentration. The biogas production ratio between the starved and the fed granules was decreased from 89.9% to 43.0% when they were exposed to 50% and 300% CTMP wastewater, respectively. The toxicity of 100% CTMP was equivalent to 7 ppm of pentachlorophenol and 25 ppm of mercuric chloride.


Latin authors transmitted a traditional image of Empedocles and of his ideas, often on an indirect way. Very few of them quoted him and only Calcidius translated into Latin almost twenty Empedoclean verses. In this paper, the point is about to study these translations.


This paper concentrates on the integrated surplus inventory matching problem (ISIM) in steel enterprises in which the three main product types, slab, hot-rolled coil and cold-rolled coil, are taken into account. A multi-objective model is formulated to maximize the total weight of matched products and to minimize the total cost involved. A heuristic algorithm is proposed on the basis of the analysis on the problem. The experimental results show the model and algorithm are effective.


JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is ubiquitous in humans and an etiological agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The primary infection with this virus occurs in childhood and persists in the kidneys throughout life. Recently, detection of JC virus DNA from blood samples has been needed for forensic purposes. However, the reported detection rate of this virus from whole blood is unclear. Here, we detected JCPyV DNA from the whole blood and urine of 50 forensic cases who died from external injuries with no apparent illness. JCPyV DNA was detected in eight urine samples (16%) and one blood sample (2%). However, the case we detected from blood died in poor physical condition. Therefore, JCPyV may not present in the blood of healthy individuals and only re-spread into blood vessels in cases with immunosupressed status.


South African equity is frequently portrayed as a market requiring a high degree of local expertise – to appropriately understand its many idiosyncratic features – as well as intimate knowledge of its unique drivers – to prudently invest in the same. This claim is evidenced by the amount of research and effort devoted to understanding South African-specific economics, interest rates and risks. The aim of this research is to debunk this perception with a simple yet robust and highly replicable statistical model (best-subsets regression) for the majority of the traded South African equity indices. We show how the South African equity market is mostly a one-way mirror of a confluence of international factors, all arguable largely unrelated to South Africa. We discuss why these models are currently less useful than their longer-term predictive averages and note the current relevance of including implied volatility and interest rates as predictors.


This presentation and supporting paper will present strategies and experiences with web accessible collaboration software ("the wiki") in introductory and upper-division college classes. Co-presenters will discuss the project from two perspectives: that of the professor integrating wiki into instruction and that of the education professor researching and evaluating the efficacy of these tools. We will consider student and faculty reactions and discuss advantages and disadvantages of utilizing collaboration software in small seminar and large lecture class settings.


A novel output-capacitorless low-dropout regulator (OCL-LDO) for power management is implemented in 130nm CMOS technology. The structure of the LDO is based on a flipped voltage follower (FVF), while the control voltage generation loop and the error amplifying loop are combined to achieve higher gain and bandwidth, without increasing quiescent current. In addition,the output voltage serves to reduce the voltage variation caused by device mismatch.The proposed LDO is compensated by a single Miller capacitor to maintain the closed-loop stability with load capacity of 100mA. The line regulation and the load regulation could be improved to less than 5mV/V and 0.1mV/mA. A voltage spike repression unit is designed for the improvement of slew rate and transient performance. When the load current varies from 3mA to 100mA within 100-ns edge time, the maximum overshoot is less than 150mV with the supply voltage from 1.2V to 1.4V, and the recovery time less than 5µs.


This study was performed to demonstrate the effect of TORCH agents on pregnancy outcome of 84 mothers with BOD, the number of single, twice, triple, four and more miscarriages were 102 (55.4%), 50 (27.2%), 27 (14.7%) and 5 (2.7%), respectively. Out of 102 BOH pregnant women with single miscarriage, 43 (42.2%) and 2 (4.9%) were seropositive for anti T. gondii IgG and IgM, respectively, 89 (87.3%) and 17 (16.7) were seropositive for anti CMV IgG and IgM, respectively,  63 (61.8%) and 3 (2.9%) were seropositive for anti Rubella IgG and IgM, respectively and 63(61.8%) and 14(13.7) were seropositive for HSV-2 IgG and IgM, respectively. Regarding women with twice miscarriage, 1 (2.0%), 14 (28.0%) were seropositive for T. gondii anti IgG and IgM, respectively, 16 (8.0%), 43 (86.0%) were seropositive for CMV anti IgG and IgM, 29(58.0%), respectively. The IgG of anti Rubella was recorded in 29 (58.0%) no any case for anti IgM. and 29 (58%) and 3 (6.0%) were positive for HSV-2 anti IgG and IgM, respectively. The number of cases with triple miscarriages, 8 (11.1%) were seropositive for anti T. gondii IgG antibodies, while no any case was found against IgM antibodies. Only, 3 (4.2%), 22 (30.6%) were seropositive for anti CMV IgG and IgM respectively. The seropositivity of anti Rubella, anti HSV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies in group with triple miscarriages were recorded in 12 (16.7%), 10 (13.9%), 0 (0.0%) and 3 (4.2%) respectively. The number of cases with four and more miscarriages, all (100%) were seropositive for CMV anti IgG and IgM, and  one (20%) for T. gondii  anti IgG and IgM, while 2 (40%) and 4 (80%),were seropositive for anti Rubella and anti HSV-2 IgG, respectively. Also the results indicated that 134 (72.8%) of all examined pregnant women with BOH have  history of miscarriages,14 (7.6%) congenital malformation, 13 (7.1%) intrauterine growth retardation,10 (5.4%) premature labor and 13 (7.1%) still birth. with the predominant of anti CMV IgG and IgM antibodies.


Here we introduce a uniaxial dielectric continuum model with temperature-dependent phonon mode frequencies to study temperature- and orientation-dependent polar-optical-phonon limited electron mobility and saturation velocity in uniaxial semiconductors. The formalism for calculating electron scattering rates, momentum relaxation rates, and rate of energy change as a function of the electron kinetic energy and incident electron angle with respect to the c-axis are presented and evaluated numerically. Electron–longitudinal-optical-phonon interactions are shown to depend weakly on the electron incident angle, whereas the electron–transverse-optical-phonon interactions around the emission threshold energy are observed to depend strongest on the electron incident angle when varied from π/4 to π/2 (with respect to the c-axis). We provide electron mobility and saturation velocity limits in different GaN crystal orientations as a function of temperature and electron concentration. At room temperature and for an e...


a stable income; there were no more business cycles and labour problems to worry about. Their personal lives, too, were more secure; the threat of being kidnapped by Shanghai &dquo;gangsters&dquo; had totally disappeared. Although most were on the way to becoming figureheads, a few who were worthy of the party's trust could even hope for some advancement. Mr. Jung I-jen, for instance, not only heads his own Sung Sing Textile Corporation but is also a Vice Minister for the Textile Industry and the Vice Mayor of Shanghai. Even if there were to be a change of heart in all the capitalists of China, it would still be only a one-sided affair. The communist party still regards them as pariahs; the stigma of their capitalist birth still lives with them. Even their children must constantly denounce their &dquo;bourgeois past&dquo;. They may belong to the largely impotent &dquo;democratic parties&dquo; but they cannot join the communist party. The party leaders seem to fear that once inside the party, the capitalists will, because of their superior education and organizational skills, proceed to seize power.


Philosophy with its orderly ways of working, universal, and radical that husks, analyze is something exhaustively, apparently so relevant with all problematics of lives and man life and can become back paste among various kind was disciplined by knowledge that separatedly its bearing one by another one. Philosophy thus seemingly was effloresce and changed of mother of science as analysis and solving about problem philosophical of world scholarship and real man life (philosophical analysis). Turn on corresponds to study on this therefore, philosophy has implication on developmental education curriculum comprises at in it's Islamic education. Base tipologi education philosophy that be compared with tipologi Islam thinking, therefore Islamic education curriculum gets to be developed by philosophy perspective.


The article explains the application of the efficient prestressed concrete technology in the structure with large column-grid and ultralong frame under heavy load, coupled with the pattern selection and design principles of floor-slabs of this structure system.