Tip clearance has a great effect on the flow and pressure fluctuation characteristics in a multiphase pump, especially at multiple operating points. The phase distribution and pressure fluctuation in tip clearance in a multiphase pump are revealed using the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) technology and high-speed photography methods. In this paper, the phase distribution, the gas-liquid two-phase velocity slip, and the pressure fluctuation intensity are comprehensively analyzed. Results show with the increase of the tip clearance, the multiphase pump pressurization performance is obviously deteriorated. In the meantime, the gas accumulation mainly occurs at the hub, the blade suction side (SS), and the tip clearance, and the maximum gas-liquid two-phase velocity difference is near the impeller streamwise of 0.4. In addition, the tip clearance improves the gas-liquid two-phase distribution in the pump, that is, the larger the tip clearance is, the more uniform the gas-liquid distribution becomes. Furthermore, the gas leads to the maximum pressure fluctuation intensity in the tip clearance which is closer to the tip leakage flow (TLF) outlet, and has a greater effect on the degree of flow separation in the tip clearance.


Decision support systems (DSS) developers face difficulties in eliciting subjective problem-solving knowledge from decision makers because it largely depends upon the articulation skills of the decision makers in elaborating the underlying decision making process. Knowledge acquisition techniques for elicitation and representation of the reasoning process can be useful in modeling such problem-solving tasks. However, knowledge-based system designers face difficulties in finding acceptable descriptions of complex relations in this process (Widrow et al. 1994). Although the utility of knowledge discovery techniques to assist in the task of decision modeling in building DSS has been identified (Hill and Remus 1994), there is little empirical research on the effectiveness of such approaches. The effectiveness of a neuro-fuzzy classifier in automated elicitation of classification problem-solving knowledge is investigated. Its effectiveness is evaluated based on measures of agreement and similarity for this purpose. is adopted as the measure of agreement. Cohen's kappa the agreement between two raters rating the same set of objects while taking into account the classifications that could match merely by chance. The similarity measure is the theory of cluster analysis. on the suitability of Euclidean as a measure of similarity in classification it is used as the similarity measure. quasi-experiment was designed wherein the subjects classified a given set of alternatives into three classes based on their subjective preferences. These individual classifications were used to train a neuro-fuzzy classifier, NEFCLASS separately for each subject, to discover decision rules corresponding to that classification The findings from the experiment to study the effectiveness of a neuro-fuzzy classifier demonstrate that a considerable agreement can be achieved between the manual and neuro-fuzzy classifier classifications, and that classifications by the neuro-fuzzy classifier exhibit better similarity.


The requirements for automatic content recognition are often drawn from security applications or from applications related to video or image libraries. As practices and cultures in audio visual media productions develop, the opportunities for using content-recognition systems change, but there is little published on what the specific needs of this industry are perceived to be. This paper describes a systematic approach taken to determine the perceived needs of the media industry based on a deep understanding of both the production workflow and the capabilities of content recognition systems. The results include a ranked list of the perceived usefulness of different capabilities and a better qualitative understanding of where, in the production workflow, such capabilities offer potential value.


The post-Soviet "evangelical revival" in Russia has clearly revealed itself in religious and social life of national regions, in the Republic of Dagestan in particular. The ensuing crisis in society provoked the "influx" of Western missionaries into the multi-confessional space of Dagestan. Protestants did not have any kind of religious, religious-national or any other restrictions for conducting missionary activity. Gradual transformations of the post-Soviet social space cause recession in the missionary activity of neoProtestants of Dagestan. In this regard, this study attempts to analyze the chronological dynamics of the evangelical mission from its rise to gradual decline. As a result, the sociological survey of the religious well-being of Protestant followers shows their commitment to missionary activities and their focus on spreading their dogma among adherents of a different religion. The study results demonstrate a positive assessment of proselytism by Dagestan Protestants who advocate for its non-violent. It is established that the missionary and social success of the Protestant doctrine made its followers a part of the religious society of the post-Soviet Dagestan society with simultaneous negative perception of the Eastern Orthodox by the mass consciousness of the Dagestanians. It is revealed that the respondents have different attitudes to the spread of their religion among those who profess other religious doctrine. The proclamation of principles of free choice of one or another religious worldview and the emphasis on exclusivity of one's dogma, its "perfection and correctness" allow concluding about contradictions in opinions of the respondents. © 2019 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


THIS REPORT PRESENTS SOME PRACTICAL STUDIES OF THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF PRECAST REINFORCED-LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE SLABS THE AIM OF WHICH IS TO DECREASE THE DEAD WEIGHT OF AND TO SHORTEN THE CONSTRUCTION PERIOD FOR LONG-SPAN HIGHWAY BRIDGES. RESULTS OF FIELD INVESTIGATIONS ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUCH SLABS, AND THEIR BEHAVIOR ON A HIGHWAY BRIDGE UNDER ACTUAL TRAFFIC LOADINGS ARE ALSO PRESENTED. /AUTHOR/


1 Epstein JI, Cubilla AL, Humphrey PA, American Registry of Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (US). Tumors of the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, penis, and scrotum. Washington, DC: atlas of tumor pathology. 4th series Fascicle 14. 2011; 556–60. 2 Clark MA, Fisher C, Judson I, Thomas JM. Soft tissue sarcomas in adults. N. Engl. J. Med. 2005; 353: 701–11. 3 NCCN. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines Oncology (NCCN Guidelines). Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Version 1.2013. 4 Gortzak E, Azzarelli A, Buesa J et al. A randomized phase II study on neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for high risk adult soft tissue sarcoma. Eur. J. Cancer 2001; 37: 1096–103.


Objective To establish a method of bacterial endotoxins test for compound glycyrrhizin for injection. Methods The gel clot method was used to determine the bacterial endotoxin,and three batch samples of compound glycyrrhizin for injection were successively tested for the interference test using tachypleus amebocyte lysate(TAL) from different manufacturers. Results The maximum noninterference concentration of compound glycyrrhizin for injection was 0.25 mg/ml. Conclusion The results suggest that bacterial endotoxins test can be used to detect the endotoxins in compound glycyrrhizin for injection and the bacterial endotoxin limit is 1.5 EU/mg.


The invention relates to a mapping device for robotic surgery. The inventive device is characterised in that it comprises at least one insert in order to receive at least two distinct support elements, i.e. a first support element (20) consisting of at least three marker elements (22) that are made from a visible material and are interspaced and non-aligned in an image that is made using a suitable imaging device, in addition to a second support element respectively comprising at least three energy receiving and transmitting devices that are also interspaced and non-aligned. The invention provides easy, secure and reliable mapping for robotic surgery.


"Property Management Regulations," provides that "property management area" related to the division of property owners the right to manage,as well as the right to use the maintenance fund,such as the right to "property law" is clear "construction division" ancillary facilities building,There are facilities and equipment,such as ownership,judicial practice in the two regions and standards division of the main disputes easily confused. By "property management area" analysis of the administrative cases,we can see:"property management area" to determine the "construction division" based on the division,the division of the latter should be available to developers of the whole with a unified layout and arrangements of state-owned land use rights for the scope of the standard.


We developed a soil morphological index to quantitatively measure the degree of paleosol development. For its development, this index combined paleopedogenic features with ten soil macro- and micro-morphological properties from morphological descriptions of Potou and Jiu Zhoutai loess sections in the Loess Plateau of China. These ten properties are: rubification (color hue and chroma), total texture (texture type, stickiness and plasticity), melanization (color value), microstructure, fine material (0.01 mm), primary carbonate, biotite, fe(hydr)oxides, secondary carbonate (micromorphology) and illuvial clay. Future study may reject some of these properties and add others. The index works well with the loess-paleosol sequences. The soil morphological index successfully identifies paleosols and weak-paleosols.


Abstract Methyl and ethyl cinnamate are aroma volatiles frequently occurring in fruits. Evidence was obtained that the enzymatic transfer of cinnamic acid to endogenous alcohols present in fruits (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol) depended on energy-rich 1-O-glycosyl esters of cinnamic acid which served as acyl donor molecules. A putative 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-β-ᴅ-gluco-pyranose; alcohol cinnamoyltransferase from cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) was active towards 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-β-ᴅ-glucopyranose and 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-β-ᴅ-gentiobiose. The enzyme was purified 290-fold by a protocol including ammonium sulphate precipitation, solubilization by Triton X-100, gel permeation and affinity chromatography on concanavalin A. The acidic glycoprotein (pI = 4.8) most probably is membrane bound. The distribution of alcohol cinnamoyltransferase activity in gel chromatography fractions suggests a native Mr of 75,000. For 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-β-ᴅ-glucopyranose, an apparent Km of 69 μm was determined. At pH > 6.0, non-enzymatic transesterification superposes the enzymatic transformation.


Batch processes and phenomena in traffic video data processing, such as traffic video image processing and intelligent transportation, are commonly used. The application of batch processing can increase the efficiency of resource conservation. However, owing to limited research on traffic video data processing conditions, batch processing activities in this area remain minimally examined. By employing database functional dependency mining, we developed in this study a workflow system. Meanwhile, the Bayesian network is a focus area of data mining. It provides an intuitive means for users to comply with causality expression approaches. Moreover, graph theory is also used in data mining area. In this study, the proposed approach depends on relational database functions to remove redundant attributes, reduce interference, and select a property order. The restoration of selective hidden naive Bayesian (SHNB) affects this property order when it is used only once. With consideration of the hidden naive Bayes (HNB) influence, rather than using one pair of HNB, it is introduced twice. We additionally designed and implemented mining dependencies from a batch traffic video processing log for data execution algorithms.


The nanosized complex photocatalyst TiSiW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2 were prepared by sol-gel method,and characterized by IR spectra,XRD and TEM.The effect of the content of H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)·12H_2O in catalyst,pH value of solution,concentration of methylene blue and reaction time on photocatalystic degradation for methylene blue using TiSiW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2 were investigated,which photodegradation is first order reaction.


Esophagogastric ulcers were induced in swine by sequential inoculation with ova or larvae of Ascaris suum [ 1, 61. In one study large ulcers developed in the stomachs of 15 swine given an oral inoculation of embryonated ova. Two weeks later they were given either a second oral inoculation of ova or an injection of ascarid larvae via a mesenteric vein. Five control swine did not develop lesions. In another study, 25 pigs that were inoculated when 8 weeks old with embryonated ascarid ova were given a second inoculum of ova 15 days later. At autopsy, 4 to 10 days after the second inoculation, epithelial thickening, erosions and ulcers in the pars esophugea of the stomach were found. Three pigs given a single inoculum and two controls were free of lesions. The development of esophagogastric ulcers also has been related to a spontaneous second invasion by ascarid larvae when a group of 3-month-old pigs was moved to a new location. These pigs also had lesions of ascaridiasis of the liver and lung. Pigs left in their original location remained healthy [5]. Based upon these observations [ I , 5, 61, the development of gastric ulcers in swine has been attributed to an immune mechanism such as occurs with a second invasion by ascarids, or when production of histamine is increased by trauma to liver and lungs during migration of ascarid larvae. If this relationship were an important factor in the development of gastric ulcers in swine under field conditions. it should be substantiated by autopsy records. Autopsy records from the Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Berne, from 197 I to 1976 were reviewed. During this period 11,784 swine were examined. These pigs were mainly from farms of the Swiss pig health service, and most were less than 3 months old. The methods of study have been described [2]. The chief and secondary diagnoses of each pig according to the "standard nomenclature of veterinary diseases and operations" [7] were transferred to veterinary case abstract forms of the World Health Organization (WHO). These data were recorded at the WHO Center in Geneva, Switzerland, and analysed by the Chi-square test. Lesions of the esophageal region included hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, erosions, acute and chronic ulcers, and scars that sometimes had obliterated the esophageal opening. If adult worms were found in the gut or if there were evidence of interstitial hepatitis (milk spots) a diagnosis of ascaridiasis was made. Lung lesions were not recorded. Of the 11,784 reviewed, 654 had lesions of the pars esophagea and 1.216 were infested by ascarids. Lesions of the stomach were combined with ascaridiasis in 121 pigs (P < 0.001). This result is a statistical pitfall because the two diseases d o not occur with a constant probability in each pig. An earlier study [3] had shown that the greatest frequency of gastric lesions and of ascaridiasis was in swine 3 to 6 months old. The 5,405 autopsies during 1971 to 1973 were further analysed by age groups. In pigs 0 to 4 weeks old (1,778 autopsies) few lesions were seen; in pigs 4 to 8 weeks old (2,503 autopsies) 86 had gastric lesions and 271 had ascaridiasis, but the two were combined in only 15 pigs, a weakly significant association (P < 0.05). In 757 pigs 8 to 12 weeks old, gastric lesions were found in 74 and ascaridiasis in 233, with the two combined in only 21, which was not significant statistically. In 292 pigs 3 to 6 months old, 79 had gastric lesions and 115 had ascaridiasis, but the two were combined in only 24, which was not significant statistically. The small group of pigs (75) over 6 months old was not analysed.


The term 'public interest' is used 16 times in the Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013 (POPIA). Understanding the concept is important for research. This is because the public interest is relevant when considering a research exception for allowing the processing of special personal information (section 27(1)(d)(i)), and a research exemption from the conditions for processing personal information (section 37(1)(a)). But what exactly does public interest mean?


Islam encompasses all of the plans of the human life in all of the periods and places. This religion guides the humans with the explanation of the beliefs in the thought terms, with the fulfillment of the moral values in the carnal terms, and with the encouragement and suggestion to act the religious rules in the behavior terms. So, the role of the Islamic and juridical management in the explanation and Institutionalize of these cultures especially in the field of the religious rules and controlling of them is undeniable and is regarded by the sacred legislator. But, the very management can encounter with the harms, obstacles and problems and loses its function. The present research that has been conducted by the descriptive method has investigated the harms and obstacles of the juridical management with the explanation of its unique place and privileges and has suggested some ways for the solution of the existent problems.


A bilinear selection scheme for ranked populations is presented. The deVelopment of the selection scheme is motivated by the desire for a generationally dependant selection mechanism that can be adjusted in an intuitive manner. The selection mechanism is dehned by a four parameter (p, l, c, B) bilinear cumulative probabiliry distribution. Expressions for the mean and variance of the proposed bilinear distrrbution are developed along with expressions for takeover time. The mean and variance equations derived for the proposed bilinear distribution are equated with those for tournament selection for tournament sizes ranging from 2 to 10. It is shown that simple superposition of the proposed bilinear disbibution allows one to approximate more complex cumulative probability distributions in an efficient manner. Expressions for the mean and variance for two superimposed bilinear distributions are provided. The resulting multil inear selection mechanism (pi, l i , c;, B;,1), is shown to be efficient to program and allows for uncoupled contol of the section pressure and selection variance in a dynamic and intuitive maruler.


Structural alteration of the Nb-substituents of psilocin (3-[2-dimethylamino)ethyl]indol-4-ol) (12a) has led to a number of compounds containing known pharmacophoric groups. Further, it is hoped that the subtle changes in the nature of these substituents may lead to a clearer understanding of the structure-activity relationships of the 4-hydroxytryptamine hallucinogens.


TIFE for Jane Appleton began on a brilliant New Hampshire autumn's day, when, on November 19, 1834, she became the bride of Franklin Pierce. The seventy-two hours prior to the appointed day had proved most trying to her, for her family had done their utmost to stop the wedding. Since she had inherited a deeply ingrained Calvinist conscience, their opposition preyed heavily upon her. Her mother viewed the marriage of her daughter to a jovial backwoodsman as intolerable. Since the death of her husband, Jesse Appleton, formerly president of Bowdoin College, Elizabeth Means Appleton had changed from a strict, God-fearing woman with a mild sense of humor into a martinet cast in iron. Genteel poverty had instilled into her an acute attachment to this world's goods, while her Beacon Hill relatives had given her a keen sense of her social position. She tolerated her daughter's engagement only by convincing herself that it would never lead to the altar. Charming, self-assured, unpolished Frank Pierce, whose only fear was not to be liked, never appealed to his imperious mother-in-law. Mrts. Appleton might have relented in her antagonism, had she not been sustained by her Lawrence and Mason relations. Frank's impulsive manners mattered little to these stalwart champions of aristocracy when they considered his political affiliations. For many years the politically conservative and often theologically liberal Federalists had reigned supreme in New Hampshire. Jane's uncle, Jeremiah Mason, headed them. By 1834, however, the Democrats, radical in political theory and bigoted in matters of religion, had wrested the state from Federalist clutches. Like most of the frontier stock, the Pierces had long supported the Democratic platform, and, to make matters worse, Franklin Pierce represented his party in Congress. In spite of her family pressure Jane clung quietly to Frank,


In this study, rhombohedral diamond-rich coatings were grown directly on stainless steel (SS) substrate and also on sputter deposited titanium nitride interlayer, by hot filament chemical vapour deposition technique. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurement of the coatings confirmed the formation of polycrystalline rhombohedral phases of diamond. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed a jelly type morphology of the coatings. The coating deposited with titanium nitride interlayer showed improved resistance against scratch indentation, lower wear rate and had lower value of coefficient of friction in comparison to the coating deposited directly on SS.


A 36-year-old man with a history of multiple episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia underwent electrophysiologic studies and a catheter ablation procedure. The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) during the sinus rhythm was normal, and the 12-lead ECG during the tachycardia showedwideQRS tachycardia presenting the right bundle branch block and left axial deviation configuration. An intravenous injection of verapamil terminated the tachycardia; however, whether the termination was followed by atrioventricular (AV) or ventriculoatrial (VA) block was unclear because no P wave was observed during the tachycardia. Extrastimulation or burst stimulation from the atria did not elicit dual anterogradeAVnodal conductionnor overt preexcitation. A ventricular burst stimulation revealed a retrograde conduction with the earliest atrial activation site at the proximal coronary sinus (CS) and decrement properties that were diagnosed via a slow pathway (SP) with the parahisian pacing technique. During an isoproterenol infusion, an atrial burst stimulation induced wide QRS tachycardia as documented previously (Figure 1). During the tachycardia, atrial activationswere presentwith a 1:1 VA relationship and the same sequence as that during retrograde conduction via an SP. Activation of the His bundle (HB) preceding each ventricular deflection during the tachycardia was absent. The earliest site of local ventricular activation during the tachycardia among the intracardiac recordings was recorded in the HB recording and was almost simultaneous with the onset of QRS complexes. The tachycardia did not reinitiate after a cessation of ventricular burst stimulation of the tachycardia that captured the atria via the SPwith a 1:1 VA relationship. In addition, narrowQRS tachycardia was not induced during the study. What is the mechanism of the tachycardia? 2 COMMENTARY


In the developing countries like India accidents at the railway crossing are increasing day by day. The main reason of these accidents is negligence of train drivers and gatekeepers. So this system is mostly designed to help railway. This system is also useful for various industries for safety purpose. After all security matters more. It includes opening and closing of gate by the use of Arduino Bluetooth app in our mobile. Our system includes Bluetooth module connected to Arduino. When the connection is established between Bluetooth module and Arduino Bluetooth app the gate can be controlled. Our system mostly concentrates on the security. The gate is connected to servomotor. As the servomotor will rotate the gate will accordingly rotate. There is requirement of such system in restricted areas like toll collection, Hospitals and also Schools / Institutes.


The paper concerns with the visual illusion strength for the static and dynamic figures which are generated on computer CRT. The Vertical-Horizontal, Ponzo, and Muller-Lyer illusion are studied under various conditions of type, size, and background angle of figure. And the results are obtained through the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). This paper concludes that the size and background angle of figure generally effect on the visual illusion, and there is a significant difference between figure types. These results can be applied to eliminate the visual illusion in real design. Keywods: Visual illusion strength; Static and dynamic figure; Vertical-horizontal illusion; Ponzo illusion;Muller-Lyer illusion


Mobile robotic telepresence (MRP) has emerged as a possible solution for supporting health caregivers in a multitude of tasks such as monitoring, pre-diagnosis, and delivery of items. Improved interaction with the system is an important part of using such MRP systems. The current study compared two feedback types ('push' and 'pull') for controlling mobile robots via telepresence. An experimental system that represented a hospital environment was developed. A remote operator (defined as a user) teleoperated a mobile robot to deliver medication supplies to a patient and receive samples from the patient while attending to a secondary task involving medical records. The influence of the feedback types on different aspects of performance and user perception was investigated. User studies were performed with 20 participants coming from two different types of groups – users with and without technological backgrounds. Results revealed that for both user types, the 'push' feedback enhances performance, situation awareness, and satisfaction compared to the 'pull' feedback. The study highlights the potential of improving the telecare experience with MRPs through different feedback types.


Literature supports the idea that military veterans have faced higher unemployment rates in the civilian workforce compared to the general population since World War II. There are approximately 200,000 individuals phasing out of the military each year; about eighty percent separating after a certain number of years and the remaining twenty percent retiring from a branch of the military. The primary objective of this paper is to present factors that contribute to employment rates among veterans and how hiring veterans adds value to civilian organizations. For the purposes of this study a mixed methods approach to gain the best understanding of veteran underutilization within the civilian workforce using publicly available online resources. The qualitative research focused on the resumes of five veterans, while the quantitative research analyzed the unemployment rates for veterans and the civilian workforce each year from 1948 to 2016.


Abstract This article reads the work of Haitian artist Édouard Duval-Carrié as a form of visual translation between the Francophone Caribbean and North America, specifically Florida, the liminal space that he presents as a borderland, a site of conflict and possible creative conciliation, a creolized world that bears the traces of the common history of the plantation. The article draws mainly on selected works featured in his 2018 exhibition at Florida State University, Decolonizing Refinement, a show that drew parallels between processes of production and commodification across the plantation Americas, and which pulls North Florida into this sphere, dredging up aspects of its history that lie restless, and that are part of the "living history" that Anthony Bogues traces in Duval-Carrié's work.


Aim of this study is to investigate the effect of magnetic field on blood flow in cylindrical artery through porous medium. In this paper blood is considered elastico viscous, Non Newtonian fluid and flow is assumed as fully developed and laminar. Laplace transforms and Finite Hankel Transforms are used to obtain the analytical expression for velocity profile, flow rate and fluid acceleration. The effect of magnetic field on velocity and fluid acceleration has been discussed with the help of graphs. It is found that velocity distribution, flow rate and fluid acceleration of blood in cylindrical artery decrease as magnetic field increases.


Is There Evidence for a Probabilistic Language Faculty? Rens Bod (email@example.com) Cognitive Systems Group School of Computer Science, University of St Andrews St. Andrews, KY16 9SX, Scotland, UK Introduction One of the foundations of modern linguistics is the maxim of categoricity: language is categorical. Numbers play no role, or, where they do, they are artifacts of nonlinguistic performance factors. Thus, while it is widely recognized that real language can be highly variable, gradient, and rich in continua, many linguists would argue that the competence that underlies such performance factors consists of well-defined discrete categories and categorical grammaticality criteria. However, a large number of recent results challenges the idea that linguistic competence is categorical and discrete. It has become increasingly clear that phonological alternations and syntactic well-formedness judgments display properties of continua and show gradient behavior. Moreover, it has been shown that speakers' well-formedness judgments of words and sentences are well predicted by the combined probabilities of their subparts (Bod 1998; Bod et al. 2003). The current paper discusses three central linguistic phenomena, i.e. grammaticality, learnability and universality, that challenge the maxim of categoricity providing evidence for a probabilistic language faculty. Evidence for a Probabilistic Language Faculty demonstrated that, unlike categorical grammars, probabilistic grammars are learnable from positive evidence alone. It is certainly not the case that probabilities complicate the learning task. On the contrary, if the language faculty is probabilistic, the learning task is considerably more achievable. This is supported not only by psycholinguistic experiments with language learning of infants (Saffran et al. 1996; Tomasello 2003), but also by recent work in computational linguistics where syntactic structure is learned entirely in a statistical, item-based way by means of distributional regularities (Bod 2006). Universality Many syntactic constraints are present in a great many languages, reflecting universal tendencies of the language faculty. They are operative in various degrees in different languages and in some cases are highly gram- maticalized. A categorical framework does not enable us to capture the different degrees to which constraints are operative in different languages. By contrast, a probabi- listic framework as in Bresnan et al. (2001) does enable us to formally model such situations, capturing both the ways in which languages are similar (operating under similar constraints) and the ways in which they differ (the probabilities associated with those constraints). Grammaticality A groundswell of recent results indicates that speakers' grammaticality judgments display clear properties of continua (Manning 2003; Crocker & Keller 2005). There is no well-defined distinction between sentences generally regarded as grammatical in the literature, and those regarded as ungrammatical. Instead, there is a cline of well-formedness, wherein some constructions are highly preferred, others are used less frequently and some are used not at all. The distinction drawn between grammatical and ungrammatical is often somewhere in the middle of the cline, ruling out those constructions that tend to be less frequent as ungrammatical . However, nowhere in the cline is there a dramatic drop in frequency; in fact, the cline is often gradual, so that the decision where to draw the distinction is relatively arbitrary. Learnability One common argument against a probabilistic language faculty stems from skepticism regarding the mind's ability to acquire and store a complex range of generalizations and frequencies. However, adding probabilities to grammars makes the acquisition problem easier, not harder. Gold (1967) demonstrated that formal languages alone cannot be learned without negative evidence. Moreover, negative evidence is not readily available to children. Together, these two facts are often used as evidence that language is special and largely innate, a line of reasoning known as the argument from the poverty of the stimulus . However, Horning (1969) Conclusion Language displays all the hallmarks of a probabilistic system. Grammaticality judgments and linguistic univer- sals are probabilistic and stochastic grammars enhance learning. All evidence points to a probabilistic language faculty. References Bod, R. (1998). Beyond Grammar: An Experience-Based Theory of Language . Stanford, CSLI Publications. Bod, R. (2006). An All-Subtrees Approach to Unsupervised Parsing, Proceedings ACL-COLING'2006. Bod, R., Hay, J. & Jannedy, S. (eds.) (2003). Probabilistic Linguistics. Cambridge, the MIT Press. Bresnan, J., Dingare, S. & Manning, C. (2001). Soft constraints mirror hard constraints. In Proceedings of the LFG01 Conference (pp. 13-32). Stanford, CSLI Publications. Crocker, M. & Keller, F. (2005). Probabilistic Grammars as Models of Gradience in Language Processing. In Fanselow, G., et al. (eds.), Gradience in Grammar: Generative Perspectives . Oxford University Press. Gold, E. (1967). Language identification in the limit. Information and Control 10, 447-474. Horning, J. (1969). A study of grammatical inference. PhD thesis, Stanford University. Manning, C. (2003). Probabilistic Syntax. In Bod, R., Hay, J. & Jannedy, S. (eds.) (2003). Probabilistic Linguistics. Cambridge, the MIT Press. Saffran, J., Newport, E. & Aslin, R. (1996). Statistical learning by 8-month-old infants. Science 274, 1926-1928. Tomasello, M. (2003). Constructing a Language . Harvard, Harvard University Press.


We exhibit an infinite family of knots with the property that the first coefficient of the n-colored Jones polynomial grows linearly with n. This shows that the concept of stability and tail seen in the colored Jones polynomials of alternating knots does not generalize naively.


Various chemical parameters were used to characterize a wide range of cold pressed rapeseed oils and to contrast the findings with refined rapeseed and extra virgin olive oil. There were significant differences between cold pressed rapeseed oils regarding almost all measured parameters. Volatile composition analysis showed that hexanal, 3-methyl pentane and 1-butene, 4-isothiocyanato were the most abundant compounds. There was no correlation between volatile compounds and geographical region of cold pressed rapeseed oils. French cold pressed rapeseed oils were found in exhibit significantly higher antioxidant activity levels than cold pressed rapeseed oils from other regions. Refined rapeseed oil was found to have a higher antioxidant activity but have significantly lower levels of phenolic acids (0.008 mg/kg oil) than cold pressed rapeseed oil (0.46 mg/kg oil). These phenolic acids appear to be important for oxidative stability as cold pressed rapeseed oil was more stable under heat stress than refined rapeseed oil. Olive oil was the most stable under heat stress, largely due to its comparatively high saturated fat content. Antioxidant potential, phenolic acids and peroxide values were found to be the main factors differentiating cold pressed rapeseed oil from refined rapeseed oil.

Practical applications: Cold pressed rapeseed oil is a relatively new oil to the market and this study is the first to examine oils available to the British, Irish and French consumers. It shows the compositional variation of oils on the market by analyzing many parameters important for oil quality and consumer palatability. Antioxidant behavior and phenolic acid identification indicate potential health benefiting properties. This research also compares cold pressed rapeseed oils with market competitors which allows for clear comparison of these widely used edible oils.

Cold pressed rapeseed oil is made by mechanically crushing rapeseeds at a low temperature, followed by filtering and bottling the oil. This work investigates the chemical composition of cold pressed rapeseed oil, along with its antioxidant capacity and stability under heat stress. Cold pressed rapeseed oil is also compared to market competitors; refined rapeseed oil and extra virgin olive oil.


'Rather than being a perfection of speculative knowledge [...] wisdom is a practical knowledge of how to act well, grounded in the reality of the world God has made.' (p. 3). God's wisdom whilst a perfection in itself is not a theoretical knowledge but rather it results in action, notably God's activity in the world through creation and through the person of Jesus Christ. As a wisdom scholar myself, I will mainly discuss his thoughts on Proverbs on which he focuses in chapter 3. Errington sees Proverbs as essentially promoting practical knowledge and good action. He discusses Prov. 8 at length and, importantly, in conjunction with Prov. 3:19–20's statement that God created the world 'by wisdom' and by 'his knowledge'. God's wisdom is a reality within creation and yet also exhorts to action. He draws an interesting parallel between Prov. 3:1920 and Prov. 14:1's emphasis on house building which has an abstract intention but a practical outworking in the building and ultimately in the household who will reside there. In the same way, Woman Wisdom in Prov. 8 is orientated towards action – she calls into being the primeval order and yet she also calls her followers to love her and walk in her ways. Errington plays down the abstract aspect of wisdom saying that the idea is 'not to build a moral and intellectual capacity' (p. 106) in relation to an abstract notion of character formation. It is about the day by day practicalities of the path/way/journey. And yet, do these need to be alternatives? Doesn't every day build into a lifetime of moral pathways? And those choices taken when young surely furnish the ground of such formation. Errington states that 'moral kinds' are real in Proverbs. This book is a helpful counter to those who have sought to see Woman Wisdom in particular in highly abstract terms, often as a personification of God or as Christ himself speaking. It is not to deny that aspect, but to affirm the reality of wisdom in relation to practical knowledge, a knowledge that is also of the essence of reality— a 'knowing how' as well as a 'knowing that', as Errington puts it.


"I begin this paper with two excerpts from African American poetry. The first evokes a past in which blacks were possessions; the second, a future in which they are interplanetary pilgrims. To connect them, I'd like to offer a quote not from verse but from the public discourse of African American environmental justice activist, Van Jones: "In my neighborhood, you go around talking to people about polar bears, they are not feeling you..."


This paper explores excuse-driven behavior in giving. In our powered laboratory experiment, participants play Dictator Games sharing 5e or 1,000e under certainty or ambiguity with a charity. In contrast to previous papers using MPLs {that necessarily introduce additional layers of uncertainty{our subjects participate in two DGs. We �nd no evidence that people use moral wiggles to hide their sel�shness. They share equally out of 5e under certainty and ambiguity and as much out of 1,000e under ambiguity as they do under certainty in the previous literature. These �findings raise the question whether previous results might be an artifact.


We present an implementation of matched filtering comprised three basic steps: (1) compute a fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the data, (2) map the FFT to a (data independent) one-dimensional track in a multi-dimensional space, and (3) take an inverse multi-dimensional Fourier transform. In contrast to the standard approach, this method does not require the explicit use of template waveforms. This implementation was found as a byproduct of an exploration of sampling theory in the context of the template placement problem. We show that the latter problem can be completely mapped, in all its details, onto that of sampling an analog multi-dimensional random field, including the use of anti-aliasing before the acquisition of samples. The last point is non-trivial since the analog signal in question, namely the output of a template bank, does not physically exist unless it is computed.


This chapter contains sections titled: Muscle Strength, Muscular Energy with Oxygen, Muscular Energy without Oxygen, Heat Control, Sweating, Water, and Salt, Food and Drink, Long-Term Energy, Aches and Pains, A Long Ride, A Very Long Ride: The Race Across America


The Boltzmann equation is applied to a gas mixture in which each constituent is separately in equilibrium without necessarily being close to equilibrium with the rest of the gas. Exact conservation equations for the number density, momentum, and energy of each constituent in the mixture are derived for inverse power interparticle force laws. In the limit when the differences among the individual flow velocities, us — ut, are all small compared to a ``sound speed'' a0 = (2k)½[(Ts/ms) + (Tt/mt)]½, it is found that the conservation equations reduce, for all force laws, to a form similar (but not identical) to the continuum equations commonly used in plasma physics. For larger relative flow velocities, the equations retain this simple form only for Maxwell molecules. For other inverse power laws all the collisional transfer terms increase relative to the Maxwell molecule results with increasing a0 or |ut — us| for shorter‐range forces (hard spheres, for example) and decrease with increasing a0 or |ut — us| fo...


We present a patient with a behavioral disorder, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorder who has a 520 kb chromosomal deletion at 15q26.1 encompassing three genes: ST8SIA2, C15orf32, and FAM174B. Alpha‐2,8‐Sialyltransferase 2 (ST8SIA2) is expressed in the developing brain and appears to play an important role in neuronal migration, axon guidance and synaptic plasticity. It has recently been implicated in a genome wide association study as a potential factor underlying autism, and has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. This case provides supportive evidence that ST8SIA2 haploinsufficiency may play a role in neurobehavioral phenotypes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The aim of the study was to determine the maximum time to recover and cryopreserve spermatozoa from the tail of canine epididymis post orchiectomy. The testes were obtained through orchiectomy from 20 dogs aged 1 to 8 years. The testis were placed in sodium chloride 0.9% and stored at 5 °C for 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Spermatozoa were recovered by cutting the tail of the epididymis in an extender based on Tris-citrate-fructose. For the


Based on specifying the definition of the externality theory, this paper make a empirical analysis of the externality of education and training industry by the Feder model, obtain education and training spillovers and differences in the relative marginal productivity of factors of production. Besides, as education and training has strong externalities, it has positive external effects on the development of society and economy, education and training industry harmony is the manifestation of its own positive externalities. Therefore, promoting the development of China's education and training industry development would have important theoretical value and practical significance in enhancing workforce quality, promoting social employment, transforming the mode of economic development, adjust and optimize the industrial structure, promoting the harmonious development of economy and society.


In the stationary periodic review s, S inventory system with stationary demand and immediate delivery of orders, the optimal values of s and S, say s* and S*, will be a function of the input parameters defining the cost structure and the demand distribution. Assume backlogging is allowed and let the fixed order cost be K, the unit holding cost be h, and the unit penalty cost be p. Further, assume the demand per period to have a gamma distribution of order r and with parameter μ. A dimensional analysis of the basic equations dictating the optimal values s* and Q* = S*-s* shows that it is possible to express the quantities μs* and μQ* as a function of the three factors p/h, 2Kμ/h, and r. This reduces the number of input parameters from five to three and enables one to compute values of μs* and μQ* for a range of values of the three input factors. A selected set of graphs is presented allowing one to read the optimal values for given input parameters.


Shannnon entropy is an efficient tool to measure uncertain information. However, it cannot handle the more uncertain situation when the uncertainty is represented by basic probability assignment (BPA), instead of probability distribution, under the framework of Dempster Shafer evidence theory. To address this issue, a new entropy, named as Deng entropy, is proposed. The proposed Deng entropy is the generalization of Shannnon entropy. If uncertain information is represented by probability distribution, the uncertain degree measured by Deng entropy is the same as that of Shannnon's entropy. Some numerical examples are illustrated to shown the efficiency of Deng entropy.


An experiment carried out on elite professionals (Leon, 1976a), permitting a comparison of their reactions to several "intrinsic" and "extrinsic" factors o...


With multiple additive risks, the mean-variance approach and the expectedutility approach of risk preferences are compatible if all attainable distributions belong to the same location-scale family. Under this proviso, we survey existing results on the parallels of the two approaches with respect to risk attitudes, the changes thereof, and the comparative statics for simple, linear choice problems under risks. In mean-variance approach all effects can be couched in terms of the marginal rate of substitution between mean and variance. We provide some simple proofs of some previous results. We apply the theory we stated or developed in our paper to study the behavior of banking firm and study risk taking behavior with background risk in the mean-variance model.


The invention relates to a TO SEPARATE ethylbenzene / styrene via distillation PROCESS. THE PROCESS ADVANTAGE uses vapor compression (HEAT PUMP SYSTEM). The process is designed such that it is used optimally energy used. TOP OF COLUMN (1) OF DISTILLATION pressure is regulated in a simple way. This ensures STATE OF STABILITY ESPECIALLY FROM COLUMN.


In order to improve the prediction precision of the rolling force model,a method for optimizing parameters of the rolling force model based on the objective function was put forward.Through establishing the model of rolling force parameter adaptive target function,the adaption coefficients of the deformation resistance and friction coefficient models were taken as the parameters to be optimized,and the Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm was used to search the optimal solution of the objective function so that the adaptation coefficients were obtained which fulfilled the accuracy of the rolling force.The proposed parameter adaptation method of the rolling force modeling was applied to a 1 700 mm 5-stand tandem cold mill.Application results showed that the mean square deviation between the calculated rolling force and measured one was reduced from 12.9% to 3.2% after using the proposed parameter adaptation method,which showed that the method proposed obviously improved the accuracy of the rolling force model and met the requirement of online process control.


The aim of this paper is to help radiologists in the prognosis of the brain hemorrhage. A novel approach to classify intracranial hemorrhage into three type's viz. Epidural Hemorrhage (EDH), Subdural Hemorrhage (SDH), Hypertensive bleed (HTN) has been presented here. In order to ease the classification, image enhancement tools and median filtering was used. Further, unique thresholding technique is used to separate out the suspicious hemorrhagic Region of interest (ROI). Before hemorrhage detection, various morphological operations are applied to get a uniform ROI. Geometrical and textural features are used as inputs to Neural Network (NN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Application of NN and SVM yielded 0.875 recall, 0.952 precision and 0.958 recall, 0.98 precision respectively.


The research was conducted under natural field conditions at Agricultural Research Institute, Tarnab, Peshawar during 2006 to determine the effect of sowing dates and cultivars on Fusarium root rot in okra. Different sowing dates viz. 20 th March, 4 th April, 19 th April and 4 th May and five okra cultivars viz. Sabz pari, Irkabinabirka, Sharmely, Anmol and Evergreen, being tested against Fusarium solani. Sowing done on 19 th April proved to be the most effective in reducing plant mortality (%) and increasing yield. The interaction was also significant. Sabz Pari suffered the minimum plant mortality (28.3%) when sown on 19 th April. This cultivar registered the greatest yield (5.0 Kg plot -1 ), plant height (110.8 cm), pod length (16.4 cm), fresh shoot weight (313.8 g plant -1 ) and dry shoot weight (194.8 g plant -1 ).


This research aims to examine the influence of short-term debt, long-term debt and financial performance proxyed by the Current Ratio and Total Debt to Total Assets Ratio to profitability proxied by Return on Assets Ratio through financial statements prepared by the paper and pulp companies which listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this research is obtained by using purposive sampling method at paper and pulp companies which listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2010-2016 period and based on predetermined criterion, the sample of 5 companies of paper and pulp. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis with using SPSS version 20. The results of research based on t test show that partially long-term debt variable has a negative and significant influence on profitability, and variable Current Ratio have a positive and significant influence on profitability. While the variable short-term debt and Total Debt to Total Assets Ratio has influenced positively and not significant on profitability. Based on F test, simultaneously variable of short term debt, long term debt, Current Ratio and Total Debt to Total Assets Ratio have an effect on profitability with significance level equal to 0,025.Keywords: Short-term debt, long-term debt, financial performance, profitability.


Sir, We have recently shown biallelic ATP13A2 mutations to cause hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) even in the absence of any extrapyramidal involvement (Estrada-Cuzcano et al., 2017). ATP13A2 mutations are typically associated with a phenotype dominated by juvenile-onset parkinsonism and accompanied by cognitive impairment, supranuclear gaze palsy and pyramidal tract features. The multi-systemic involvement in ATP13A2 mutation carriers has led to the confusing situation that ATP13A2-associated disease, initially termed Kufor-Rakeb syndrome, has been assigned to several disease classifications, following the perceived 'main disease manifestation' in individual families: PARK9 (parkinsonism) (Ramirez et al., 2006), CLN12 (neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis) (Bras et al., 2012), NBIA (neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation) (Schneider et al., 2013), and most recently SPG78 (HSP) (Estrada-Cuzcano et al., 2017). ATP13A2 thus exemplifies a common dilemma in human genetics and maybe particularly in neurogenetics: phenotypes are multidimensional and variable. Due to the hesitant progress in discovering the genetic aetiology of many disorders, the field has long been dominated clinically. The current classification systems—including the 'traditional' locus classification system by the Human Genome Nomenclature Committee (HUGO; http://www.genenames.org/) that is now continued by the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM; https://www. omim.org/) as well as the recent classification system proposed by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force (Marras et al., 2016) are phenotype-centric and group diseases by phenotypic presentation, e.g. PARK, DYT, HSP, SCA. For a long time, this system has worked like a 'self-fulfilling prophecy'. Single-gene testing was performed in cohorts matching the initially described clinical features, thus confirming the expected phenotype. This phenotypic bias in genetic screenings has been drastically decreased by the upturn of unbiased next generation sequencing-based screenings in the past 5 years. One among innumerable examples is the PNPLA6 gene, which had been associated with spastic paraplegia complicated by motor axonal neuropathy and accordingly assigned the locus designation SPG39 (Rainier et al., 2008). Years later it was discovered that PNPLA6 mutations cause both Gordon Holmes syndrome as well as Boucher-Neuhäuser syndrome and we have learned since that ataxia is much more persistently present in PNPLA6-associated disease than pyramidal involvement (Synofzik et al., 2014), including even pure ataxia presentations (Wiethoff et al., 2017), and that PNPLA6-associated disease would therefore much more aptly be classified as a recessive ataxia. The current static HUGO/OMIM classification system that was designed upon the assumption of 2D relationships between gene and phenotype fails to adapt to evolving phenotypic spectra. The only way variability of phenotypes can be captured in the HUGO/OMIM system is by registering genes in multiple disease classifications in order to define the clinical spectrum by its extremes. In the case of ATP13A2-associated disease, classification as SPG78 in addition to the existing classifications as PARK9, NBIA and CLN12 is necessary to clarify that ATP13A2 mutations can manifest with an HSP phenotype without parkinsonism, brain iron accumulation or stigmata of ceroid lipofuscinosis that would be covered by the existing doi:10.1093/brain/awx282 BRAIN 2017: 140; 1–3 | e74


In the second phase of the World Summit on the Information Society in Tunis in November, 2005, the countries argued drastically on internet governance in the world. According to the theory of softpower and statements on internet by Joseph Nye, the paper analyses the arguments and points out the influence and tendency of internet governance.


We micropropagated pear (Pyrus species) using shoot tips and nodal explants from three pear genotypes. The ability to establish shoot tip cultures, proliferate shoots, induce rooting, and acclimatize the resulting plantlets are all elements of in vitro micropropagation. Shoots were induced from shoot tips on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) with five different plant growth regulator combinations. The highest shoot formation rates were achieved for the three genotypes using MS supplemented with 1.0 ㎎/L N 6 -benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 ㎎/L gibberellic acid (GA₃). The maximum shoot number and shoot length for the three cultivars were recorded with 2.0 ㎎/L BA and 0.2 ㎎/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in multiplication medium using nodal explants produced from microshoots. Nodal explants with one or two axillary buds cultured for three weeks initiated roots on medium supplemented with various concentrations of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or/and IBA in half-strength MS medium for adventitious rooting. The highest rooting response was with the combination of 0.2 ㎎/L NAA and 0.2 ㎎/L IBA. A combination of NAA and IBA resulted in a significant increase in the rooting ratio over NAA or IBA alone. In this medium, the root formation rate according to ranged from 68.9% for the BaeYun No. 3 genotype to 51.8% for the Hwanggeum genotype. We also investigated the influence of the concentration the polyamine phloroglucinol in rooting medium. For all three genotypes, the highest rooting ratio, longest root length, and greatest root number were observed in the treatments with 75-150 ㎎/L phloroglucinol. Most rooted plants were acclimatized successfully.


Background Intracellular calcium ions play an essential role in regulating numerous physiological functions by acting as a second messenger in signal transduction pathways. Alterations in calcium signaling are also implicated in several pathological conditions including cancer. Aim The purpose of this study is to investigate whether MUC1, a well-established tumor marker, plays a role in modulating calcium signalling in cancer cells. Methods MUC1 knockdown breast cancer MCF-7 cells were used to investigate whether the overexpression of MUC1 by cancer cells has an influence on calcium signalling pathways, by determining the level of a range of calcium signalling proteins and the dynamics of intracellular calcium mobilization as well as the cellular effects induced by calcium treatment. The investigation was also extended to normal human mammary epithelial, human breast and pancreatic cancer cell lines, which express different levels of MUC1. Result MUC1 downregulation altered the aberrant expression of several calcium transporter proteins in MCF-7 cancer cells. The level of each of these calcium signaling pathways proteins was correlated to MUC1 level in normal human mammary epithelial, human breast and pancreatic cancer cell lines. Consequently, a number of proteins whose activities are calcium dependent such as p-CaMKII, and pro-coagulant proteins Va, Xa and thrombin were found to be reduced in MUC1 downregulated MCF-7 cells. In addition, the effect of thrombin on calcium mobilization and the cleavage of the thrombin receptors was also reduced in MUC1 downregulated MCF-7 cells. Conclusion The downregulation of MUC1 is capable of modulating calcium cellular effects via alteration in the expression of calcium signalling proteins and by impacting calcium induced initiation of procoagulant activity, which is capable of influencing the effect of thrombin on cancer cells. Such properties contribute to another crucial role for MUC1 within the signalling network associated with tumorigenesis.


A new discipline at the end of the 20th century has appeared linked to the field of biomedicine, due in part to the biotechnological advances. This discipline is called Bioethics. Different authors thinking coming from varied disciplines and not only the proper bioethicists, have been incorporated, either to give base to the Bioethics or as an input on different issues dealing with the same rich bioethics discussions. Work performed by Michel Foucault around concepts such as biopolitics, subject, self-care, care of the other, resistance, freedom, subjectivaion, biopower and even his position against the current of humanism can enlighten discussions about bioethical issues today. This thesis is focused on some of the Michel Foucault mentioned concepts and analyses its possible inputs to Bioethics field.


A real vehicle collision test system of rail vehicles comprises a central control platform, a transmitter, a real vehicle and a simulation vehicle; special software is arranged on the central control platform; the real vehicle and the simulation vehicle are placed on the same steel rail; one end of the real vehicle, which is back to the simulation vehicle, is provided with the transmitter; a uniform force plate and a force measurement sensor array are arranged at one end of the simulation vehicle from outside to inside in turn, wherein the end of the simulation vehicle faces to the real vehicle and a collision speed measuring device and a high-speed photography device are arranged on the lateral side of the end portion in a cantilever mode; in the collision test process, the simulation vehicle is static, the real vehicle accelerates within the effective stroke through the transmitter, the real vehicle collides with the simulation vehicle which is static on the rail after a certain distance of unpowered free sliding, and the free sliding distance of the real vehicle is at least 1.1 times of the effective stroke of the transmitter; the test collision speed during the collision of the real vehicle and the simulation vehicle is 1 to 2 times of the set collision speed and the lowest test collision speed is not less than 25 miles every hour; the facing or rear-end collision test of two moving objects on the same rail can be achieved after the simulation vehicle is provided with the transmitter.


In modern day, it is impossible to have a proper reputation and to not be active in terms of social responsibility. It is necessary for business sector development. Social responsibility is an additional tool for improving company image, efficiency of communication with the public and for sustainable development and ensuring stability. Social responsibility has become typical and a common way of doing business worldwide. According to the research consultation center Next Consulting, the degree of social responsibility is much higher in European Companies than in their American counterparts. According to the current data, 75 percent of the companies with high social responsibility are European and 25 percent is American.The discussions on corporate social responsibility in Georgia began in 2005. The UN program Global agreement ? Georgia was developed in 2007. The program aims promoting the concept of corporate social responsibility and installing international social reporting practices. In recent years, Georgia provided precedents for social reporting ? British Petroleum Georgia, Natakhtari have already created first Georgian social reports. Nowadays, business companies in Georgia spend quite a lot on social projects and charities in adequacy to their scope and capabilities. However, their actions often come in forms of individual charity activities rather than in the form of systematic social responsibility project. Therefore, it is important for corporate social activity to avoid chaos and get systematized. Its general principles should include: corporate management and ethics; protection of human rights; environmental protection; addressing the needs of society; forbidding corruption; protection of customer rights and product responsibility; transparency and accountability.The research aims to evaluate the role of corporate social responsibility in business companies, to assess social responsibility in business companies operating in Georgia and to formulate activities for growth. Within the research, theoretical analysis relies on the works conducted by world famous scientists in management, while practical part regards qualitative research of companies operating in Georgia for which surveys and company information resources have been used. The study uses graphical methods and methods of grouping and comparison.The research findings reveal that social responsibility is important for succeeding in business and is necessary to be considered in company strategies. Novelty of the research is determination of corporate social responsibility trends in Georgia and formulation of recommendations for growth.


Some aromatic plants such as Thymbra capitata, Origanum vulgare, and Calamintha baetica are used in some Portuguese traditional meat dishes, particularly in rabbit meat, tomato salads, fish food, escargot, and olives. In the present work, the antioxidant ability of the essential oils extracted from T. capitata, O. vulgare, C. baetica, and Th. mastichina cultivated in a field of the Regional Direction of Agriculture of Algarve (Portugal) was studied. The oils, extracted by hydrodistillation, were analysed by gas chromatography and gaschromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activity was determined using a modified thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) method, measuring the scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method, determining the reducing power method, and monitoring the chelating effect on ferrous ions method. The results showed that the oils from O. vulgare and T. capitata had practically the same capacity of preventing the lipid oxidation of those of BHT and BHA. T. capitata oil was the most effective for the scavenging effect on DPPH as any capacity for this effect was practically absent in the oils of Th. mastichina and C. baetica. These results can be explained by the relative high concentrations of phenol compounds in those plants. The essential oil isolated from C. baetica possessed the best ability of chelating ferrous ions, something practically inexistent in the remaining other plant samples and the BHT and BHA. The reducing power of the essential oils was much lower than those observed for the synthetic antioxidants, nevertheless among the oils, those from O. vulgare and T. capitata were the most effective. The chelating effect of the C. baetica oil can be used as a synergistic antioxidant, that is, this oil can be used together with a phenolic antioxidant in the food product, but at lower levels. INTRODUCTION In cellular systems, lipid peroxidation is of great importance, especially in biomembranes where most of the oxygen-activating enzymes are present. These enzymes are responsible for the oxidative stress, leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Even with the protection mechanisms of cells, lipid peroxidation occur that, in some circumstances, can overcome the cellular defence system. The membrane structures are destroyed and the function of the cell organelles is loosening with the lipid oxidation. Receptors present in the membrane are also released or inactivated. Induction of lipid peroxidation is linked to several diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, ischemia, carcinogenesis, and aging (Jadhav et al., 1995). The oxidation of lipids in foodstuffs is also problematic, because it renders the product unacceptable for human consumption owing to the development of off-flavour (Madsen and Bertelsen, 1995). To avoid the lipid peroxidation, it is usual to add synthetic substances with antioxidant activity of low cost and high stability: butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), gallats and tertbutylhydroquinines (TBHQ) in defined concentrations (Miguel et al., 2003a). In the search of plants as a source of natural antioxidants, some medicinal plants and fruits have been extensively studied due to their antioxidant activities. Herbs and aromatic plants, which are largely spread and used in the Mediterranean countries, are of commercial interest for their essential oils (Parejo et al., 2002). A large number of reports concerning the antioxidant ability of spices and aromatic plants have been published. Several methods can be used and many times the comparison of the results of different experiments is complicated. Some aromatic plants such as Thymbra capitata, Origanum vulgare and Calamintha baetica are used in some Portuguese traditional meat dishes, particularly in rabbit meat, tomato salads, fish food, "escargot" and olives. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils isolated from some of these plants were already assayed by us, using different model systems (Miguel et al., 2003a; Miguel et al., 2003b; Miguel et al., 2005; Faleiro et al., 2005). In the present work, the antioxidant ability of the essential oils of T. capitata, O. vulgare, C. baetica and Th. mastichina were followed through four different methods: antioxidant activity by modified thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) method, scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method, reducing power method, and chelating effect on ferrous ions method. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant Material Plants grew up in the experimental field of "Direccao Regional de Agricultura do Algarve" (DRAALG), all of them in three different blocks with 25 plants each, in order to get a representative sample. All these plants are endogenous of Algarve. After flowering, plants were cut and dried in a solar drier in the same conditions. Isolation of Essential Oils The oils were isolated from dried materials by hydrodistillation, for 4 h, using a Clevenger-type apparatus (Anonymous, 1996). Sample Analysis The simples were injected after diluting 20 μl of oil into 1000 μl of n-pentane in a 20 ml vial containing 65 μm PDMS-DVB (polydimethylsiloxane – divinylbenzene) coated fibre. SPME fibre was then placed inside the head space of the vial for 20 min at 20 ± 2 oC. The fibre was subsequently withdrawn into a needle and transferred to the injector of the GC and/or GC-MS, where the absorbed constituents were thermally desorbed from the fibre over 5 min. The percentage composition of the plant oil was computed by the normalisation of GC peak areas compared with standards.


The relative vibrational population of N2+ (B²Σu+) in a rare proton aurora, observed on March 8 (UT), 1978, was twice as high as the values found in almost all nighttime auroras. On the basis of various laboratory measurements the proton aurora observations point to precipitation of ∼1.2-keV protons, carrying an energy flux of ∼14 ergs cm−2 s−1. Simultaneous measurements of N2+ 1 NG (0, 1), (1, 2), (0, 2), and (1, 3) bands as well as Hβ and [O I] 6300-A emissions from this rare, low-energy proton aurora yield Hβ/N2+ 1 NG (0, 2) ≃ 3 and [O I] 6300/N2+ 1 NG(0, 1) ≃2.4. The corresponding values in the auroras excited predominantly by electrons are generally low (e.g., <0.7 and 0.6, respectively). Most of the N2+ 1 NG emissions from proton auroras are excited by protons (and not hydrogen atoms which constitute the bulk of the charge equilibrated auroral particle beam) interacting with N2.


The implementation of double-instruction of EU for environmental protection not only forms a barrier to our electromechanical produce export in cost, technique, marketing, etc, but also has a deep effect on all the electromechanical industry and the enterprises of the supply chain, which prompts the readjustment and reorganization of all the electromechanical industry and Supply Chain. For this, our government and enterprises should take measures in time and deal with it actively.


During endospore formation in Bacillus subtilis an asymmetric division produces two cells, forespore and mother cell, which follow different developmental paths. Commitment to the forespore‐specific developmental path is controlled in part by the activation of the forespore‐specific RNA polymerase sigma factor, σF. Activity of σF is inhibited in the mother cell by the anti‐sigma factor SpoIIAB. In the forespore, σF directs transcription of the structural gene for σG. However, σG does not become active until after engulfment of the forespore is complete. This σG activity is dependent upon the products of the spoIIIA operon. We showed that σG is present but mostly inactive in a spoIIIA mutant. We also demonstrated that the anti‐sigma factor SpoIIAB can bind to σGin vitro. Moreover, a mutant form of σG that binds SpoIIAB inefficiently in vitro was shown to function independently of SpoIIIA during sporulation. These and previously reported results support a model in which SpoIIAB functions as an inhibitor of σG activity during sporulation. Therefore, we propose that the anti‐sigma factor SpoIIAB antagonizes both σF and σG activities, and that this antagonism is relieved in the forespore in two stages. In the first stage, which follows septation, a SpoIIAA‐dependent mechanism partially relieves SpoIIAB inhibition of σF activity in the forespore. In the second stage, which follows forespore engulfment, a SpoIIIA‐dependent process inactivates SpoIIAB in the forespore, resulting in the activation of σG.


This guide will introduce you to research tools to help you in the study of disease processes. Links to tutorials and guides from Turnitin.com


PurposeThis study aims to achieve long-term prediction on a specific monotonic data series of atmospheric corrosion rate vs time.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a new method, used to the collected corrosion data of carbon steel provided by the China Gateway to Corrosion and Protection, that combines non-linear gray Bernoulli model (NGBM(1,1) with genetic algorithm to attain the purpose of this study.FindingsResults of the experiments showed that the present study's method is more accurate than other algorithms. In particular, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and the root mean square error (RMSE) of the proposed method in data sets are 9.15 per cent and 1.23 µm/a, respectively. Furthermore, this study illustrates that model parameter can be used to evaluate the similarity of curve tendency between two carbon steel data sets.Originality/valueCorrosion data are part of a typical small-sample data set, and these also belong to a gray system because corrosion has a clear outcome and an uncertainly occurrence mechanism. In this work, a new gray forecast model was proposed to achieve the goal of long-term prediction of carbon steel in China.


Explores the growing overlap of universities and industries in developing new technology for private gain, and how that blurring of boundaries impacts a university's traditional mission of teaching and research and the claim for public funding. The 14 studies, from a January 1996 workshop in Amsterdam, consider the construction of the knowledge-based regime, the operation of the triple helix, and universities in knowledge-based economies. Among the specific topics are the entrepreneurial university and the emergence of democratic corporatism, the emergence of research-technology communities across boundaries, and the desktop model of innovation in digital media.


This work presents a low-cost and disposable paper based microfluidic system for detection of uric acid and blood in urine simultaneously. Detection is achieved by using a colorimetric or visual indicator. Immobilized specific reagents designed for the parameter under consideration act as capture molecules on the surface of the detection zone of a microfluidic system made of paper (cellulose). Fe-(III)tris-(1,10)-phenantroline and Tetramethylbenzidinecumene hydroperoxide and have been immobilized using absorption method for blood and uric acid detection respectively. For blood detection, the detection zone will be change from pale blue to dark blue, due to presence of hemoglobin, which in turn, resulted in oxidized reaction of tetramethylbenzidine by cumene hydroperoxide. While for uric acid detection zone, the color change from yellow to orange/red due to complexation of Fe(III)tris-(1,10)-phenantroline with uric acid in urine sample. The capability of lab on paper for detection of blood and uric acid in urine samples has been demonstrate successfully.


In view of the requirement of real- time and dynamic monitoring of fully automatic knitting machine and combined with the mobile and convenient trend of the current monitoring terminal,the remote monitoring system based on Windows tablet PC is designed. A Windows and Android dual system tablet computer is used to achieve the thinking mode of the integration of work and leisure. Under the guidance of the design idea above,this paper constructs a remote monitoring system based on Windows and wireless network. The man- machine interface design takes full account of the operation mode of the touch screen. The system adopts C / S mode to realize the real- time performance and convenience.


Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs in artery walls, which seriously affects the survival and prognosis of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Immune and inflammatory responses have notable effects on all stages of AS. In this study, we modeled SLE combined with AS in vivo via intraperitoneal injection of pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane) into apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE−/−) mice that had accelerated atherosclerotic lesions compared with wild-type (WT) ApoE−/− mice. In pristane-induced ApoE−/− mice, expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in peripheral blood and on the surfaces of atherosclerotic lesions significantly increased, and levels of proinflammatory cytokines, namely, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in peripheral blood were elevated. We did not detect expression of programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2) in the arterial plaques of either pristane-induced or WT ApoE−/− mice, nor did we observe any significant difference in PD-L2 expression in peripheral blood between the two groups. Taken together, these results suggested that PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway might play an important regulatory role in the progression of AS in an induced murine lupus model which implies a potential target for treatment of AS in SLE.


To the Editor : You will be interested to learn that your journal, theArchives of Otolaryngology, has finally achieved recognition in one of Britain's major national newspapers! In the Oct 4, 1965, London Daily Mail , Bernard Levin, a widely read columnist writes from Athens under the title "The Tread of 2,232 Tiny Feet": "Where'er I roam, I always give instructions for my favorite magazine,Archives of Otolaryngology, to be sent on to me. The most recent issue has just arrived; it is a little short on pin-ups, but contains a report that deserves a wider public. "This alleges that one night last year during a gathering of Boy Scouts in the United States, Japanese beetles crawled into the ears of 186 sleeping campers and 'wedged themselves against the youths' eardrums.' "Nor is that all. The beetles provided formidable problems for the doctors to whom the scouts not unnaturally repaired,


The anesthetic is one kind of the life support medical device.With the development of science technology and the introduction of hi-tech,the anesthetic become more variable,precision and intelligentized.The application management of anesthetic is very important in anesthesia and medical device management.This paper expatiate the application management which will be benefit to the clinical practice.


HE book FAMILY ENVIRONMENT AND DELINQUENCY, which Professor Sheldon T Glueck jand I completed in March 1961 and which is scheduled for publication in May 1962,<~ grew out of two prior studies-UNRAVELING JUVENILE DELINQUENCY~2~ and PHYSIQUE AND DELINQUENCY.(3) The new work is a companion volume to PHYSIQUE AND DELINQUENCY, which was an analysis of the differences in the physiologic-psychologic characteristics between the 500 delinquents of UNRAVELING and a matched sample of 500 non-delinquents of four constitutional types-mesomorphic, endomorphic, ectomorphic and balanced. PHYSIQUE AND DELINQUENCY served as a preliminary to determining the impact of these differences not only on the delinquency of boys of the various physique types but also on the behavioural response of the delinquents of each physique type to certain environmental (largely f amilial) pressures. The 66 characteristics studied are appended to this paper (Appendix A). They encompass physical and neurological conditions, constituents of intelligence, emotional dynamics, appetitive-aesthetic tendencies, and personality orientation.


Permanent preparations of squashes, whole mounts and stained sections can be made by lamination of thermoplastic sheets. Classical procedures of staining and dehydration for sectioned material were used although dehydration after staining was not required for root tip squashes. Arranging the specimen with the identification label between two pieces of clear Vinylite plastic, 15 mils thick, tightening the preparation in a Photo-Seal Kit electric press and laminating for 3 min gave a finished preparation without the use of glass slides and cover slips. For root tip squashes, the stained tip was placed with a drop of stain between two pieces of plastic, squashed and then laminated. This insured retention of all the tissue which is sometimes lost during mounting processes. Preparations of unstained whole mounts were similarly laminated, with an identification label added between the plastic sheets. Stained sections were placed between two sheets of plastic but the identification label was placed on top of the...


Multiampere H− beam production by double charge exchange in sodium vapor is investigated. Production of intense H− beams and their acceleration was experimentally demonstrated. Stability of the acceleration system in the studied range does not depend on the accelerating voltage. Pulse length and negative ion acceleration limits are related to the characteristics of the positive ion source used. (AIP)


the proposal is: how to develop curricular goals and objectives that are important (in relation to the idea of preserving, exploring and revitalizing the traditional art of South-Sulawesi), appropriate (in relation to the prospective students), and practical (in relation to the school system and facility). Embedded in this problem are questions about how far the traditional elements (of the South-Sulawesi traditional art) can be maintained or have to be sacrificed to meet the changing need of the society; and what are the obstacles that might inhibit the implementation of the proposed curricular goals and objectives, and how to overcome these obstacles? This study deals with the way the respondents cope with the problem.


Introduction 1. A Dilemma for Kant's Theory of Substance 2. The Development of Kant's Ether Theory 3. Kant's Ether Deduction 4. Kant's Transition Project in Convoluts 10-11 5. Kant and the Problem of Affection Conclusion


A rather simple algorithm is proposed for forming operatively a signal on the actual flowrate of the water from measured values of the pressure difference at the orifice meter and also the pressure and the temperature of the water at the place where the device is installed. The algorithm can be easily implemented on the controllers used in automatic process control systems. The mismatch between the actual and the calculated value of the flowrate does not exceed 0.45% over a range of pressures from 0.1 to 30.0 MPa (abs.) and temperatures from 20 to 340°C.


Daily values of the percentage frequency of snow-lying have been computed for 17 Swedish and 7 Finnish stations. A relationship has been established between these frequencies and the dates of the beginning and end of the period with mean temperature below freezing point. Using this relationship, a method is described for estimating the frequency of snow-lying on any date anywhere in Sweden and Finland.

A tendency is mentioned for southern Sweden to be less frequently snow-covered about the middle of February than in late January or late February.


Novel composites based on magnetic zirconia was synthesized with the aid of carboxymethyl chitosan (Fe3O4/ZrO2–CMCS) by a facile method. The as-synthesized products were characterized by wide-angle powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The magnetic zirconia carboxymethyl chitosan (Fe3O4/ZrO2–CMCS) composites consisted of particles which show a better regularity and uniform with 200–300 nm in diameter. The as-obtained Fe3O4/ZrO2–CMCS nanocomposites exhibited high adsorption activity and the adsorption capacity for sunset yellow was up to 143.2 mg g−1 without adjusting pH of the solution. Interestingly, after the carboxymethyl chitosan being eliminated by calcining in air, the as-obtained Fe3O4/ZrO2 showed enhanced photocatalytic activity under sunlight irradiation. The degradation rate of rhodamine B as well as sunset yellow was 89% and 84% in 240 min, respectively, due to the addition of the Fe3O4/ZrO2 photocatalyst under sunlight irradiation. Both Fe3O4/ZrO2–CMCS and Fe3O4/ZrO2 can be recycled and reused easily, due to magnetism of iron oxide in the composites. Considering the high adsorption performance of Fe3O4/ZrO2–CMCS and the enhanced photocatalytic activity of Fe3O4/ZrO2 for dye stuff, these two nanocomposites can be applied in treating the waste water contaminated by organic dye stuff.


The invention relates to supervising the distribution of contents in a telecommunications network (R). A content contains data specific to a given acquisition of rights to the content, written in the form of a digital watermark (WM). During its transfer across an access network (RA), the content is analyzed to detect the presence of a digital watermark. The data specific to the acquisition is then extracted from the watermark and sent with data characteristic of the transfer in progress to central supervisory equipment ( 300 ) of the telecommunications network (R) in order to determine if the transfer in progress is legitimate.


Analyses are presented of the High Energy Gas Fracturing experiments, where a tailored pressure pulse is used to form multiple radial fractures extending from a borehole into the formation. The analyses were performed using a finite element model with a tensile stress crack formation criterion. In-situ stresses and gas pressurization of the cracks (as a fraction of borehole pressure) were included. Results show a good correlation with experimental data. Predictions for upcoming tests are made. Areas for additional work include material model improvements and coupling of the propellant burn/gas flow/structural models.


In this paper we examine whether mutual optimism can be supported as a cause of war in models that permit the unilateral use of force. Previous work (Fey and Ramsay, 2007) has demonstrated that war cannot occur in any game in which both sides must agree in order to fight. With the more realistic assumption that either side can unilaterally use force, however, war is possible in equilibrium. But we show that mutual optimism is still not a valid explanation for war, because it is neither always necessary or sufficient for war in a wide range of models. In particular, we show that this is true for a broad class of models with unilateral force as well as bargaining models.


The North Sakhalin Basin in the western Sea of Okhotsk has been the main site of sedimentation from the Amur River since the Early Miocene. In this article, we present regional seismic reflection data and a Neogene–Recent sediment budget to constrain the evolution of the basin and its sedimentary fill, and consider the implications for sediment flux from the Amur River, in particular testing models of continental‐scale Neogene drainage capture. The Amur‐derived basin‐fill history can be divided into five distinct stages: the first Amur‐derived sediments (>21–16.5 Ma) were deposited during a period of transtension along the Sakhalin‐Hokkaido Shear Zone, with moderately high sediment flux to the basin (71 Mt year−1). The second stage sequence (16.5–10.4 Ma) was deposited following the cessation of transtension, and was characterised by a significant reduction in sediment flux (24 Mt year−1) and widespread retrogradation of deltaic sediments. The third (10.4–5.3 Ma) and fourth (5.3–2.5 Ma) stages were characterised by progradation of deltaic sediments and an associated increase in sediment flux (48–60 Mt year−1) to the basin. Significant uplift associated with regional transpression started during this time in southeastern Sakhalin, but the north‐eastward propagating strain did not reach the NE shelf of Sakhalin until the Pleistocene (<2.5 Ma). This uplift event, still ongoing today, resulted in recycling of older deltaic sediments from the island of Sakhalin, and contributed to a substantially increased total sediment flux to the adjacent basinal areas (165 Mt year−1). Adjusted rates to discount these local erosional products (117 Mt year−1) imply an Amur catchment‐wide increase in denudation rates during the Late Pliocene–Pleistocene; however, this was likely a result of global climatic and eustatic effects, combined with tectonic processes within the Amur catchment and possibly a smaller drainage capture event by the Sungari tributary, rather than continental‐scale drainage capture involving the entire upper Amur catchment.


Chemical process pumps of model ZA and ZE are single stage single suction cantilever type process pumps,which are widely used in petrochemical plants.According with 7th edition of API 610 standard,the performance and scope of application of chemical process pumps of model ZA and ZE are introduced,including series specifications,structural characteristics,hydraulic characteristics,and auxiliary system of common mechanical seal.


The main objective of this paper is not only to explain and discuss
managerial problem known as "I and company are the same", but also to
propose adequate solution that will be beneficial for managers in their
practice. By using literature review methodological approach, several
factors that are strongly related to this problem have been identified.
Beside power and influence as important factors to consider, there are so
called "shadows that leaders fail to recognize", that are responsible for
misleading manager to the point where he identify company by himself. At
the end, there are guidelines based on specific literature which are useful
for avoidance and solving this problem.
Keywords: Management, Leadership, Power, Influence, Mistake.


This paper examines optimal monetary policy under uncertainty in a context in which policy makers are able to make credible policy commitments. We study an optimal taxation problem of minimizing the social cost of financing a stochastic and exogenous level of government transfers. Since, in the basic model, the welfare costs of inflation derive only from expected inflation, the optimal monetary policy is highly responsive to the state of nature. In a benchmark case in which all shocks are transitory, the optimal policy calls for loading all the variability of government transfers on the shoulders of the inflation tax.


This paper presents the development of a prototype of a wind energy conversion system using DFIG (Doubly Fed Induction Generator) technology. This system will be of great importance for conducting studies in relation to the topology of the DFIG, since it is the most used in the world, despite being sensitive to power quality problems of the electrical network. The arrangement of this system uses a back-to-back converter, which has two PWM conversion stages, both operating as voltage sources. Thus, this work presents the implementation of the control of the converter on the side of the grid. The same is done in the synchronous frame of reference, with cascade PI controllers. This methodology allows to approach the control independently, in which the right axis mesh is responsible for the DC link voltage control and the quadrature axis mesh is may be responsible for the control of the reactive power. The purpose of this paper is to validate the method present in the literature, in this way the performance of the controllers was not evaluated. The methodology used and the results obtained will be presented in this article.


The sentence 'Second, the muscle mass and muscle type involved in each exercise modality, as well as differences in muscle flood flow and body position, could also have influenced the outcomes of the kinetic analysis performed' should be 'Second, the muscle mass and muscle type involved in each exercise modality, as well as differences in muscle blood flow and body position, could also have influenced the outcomes of the kinetic analysis performed'. We apologize for these errors.


GO GREEN Germany (Green Organizations: Global Responsibility for Environmental and Economic Necessity) is a study-abroad course offered at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis. The course focused on sustainable practices in business and industry and involved classroom work and industry site visits prior to travelling to Germany for the 10-day studyabroad component. Upon return to the U.S., several students in the course participated in a service-learning project that focused on recycling, an aspect of sustainable practice. The studyabroad component provided the exposure to sustainability and fostered interpersonal relationships between the students, which contributed to the successful completion of the service-learning project. Some university funding was provided for this service-learning project. The project focused on establishing a recycling program at the St. Christopher Midsummer Festival, a 3-day event that attracts approximately 40,000 attendees. Prior to the implementation of this service-learning project, the festival did no recycling whatsoever. The contents of this paper document the background information, describe the methodology of the service-learning project, present the results, and provide recommendations and conclusions.


The current study discussed Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) concentrations in AlTaneem, Makkah, Saudi Arabia during the period from 1 September 2015 to 31 October 2015. The study showed that the mean concentrations of CO and NO2 were 0.347 (0.162 – 0.545 mg/m) and 33.4 (16.3 – 53.1 μg/m), respectively. These levels were lower than PME standards (10 mg/m and 660 μg/m for CO and NO2, respectively). Results showed that the inhalation dose of exposure to CO and NO2 concentrations during sampling period were 0.136 (0.064-0.214 mg/kg/day) for CO, 0.013 (0.006 -0.021 mg/kg/day) for NO2. Furthmore, it showed that inhalation cancer risk as a result of exposure to CO and NO2 concentrations during sampling period were 0.149 (0.07 0.235) for CO, 0.014 (0.007-0.023) for NO2. Finally, results of AirQ2.2.3 model predicted that the number of hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases as a result of exposure to concentrations of CO and NO2 were 1238 (22-2971 case) for CO and 179 (2-362 case) for NO2 in every 100,000 people. In addition, it showed that the response concentration factor (95% CI) was 0.30 (0.11-0.49%) and 0.04 (0.01-0.06%) for CO and NO2 concentrations, respectively, per 10 μg/m increase.


Rock failure has important applications in mining, such as mechanical
fragmentation or excavation, rock blasting, slope stability and tunnel
reinforcement. Correspondingly, rock failure has been one of the
hottest research topics in the field of mining geomechanics during past
decades. With rapid development of computational geomechanics,
numerical method has become a powerful tool for predicting rock failure
in mining. The existing numerical method for predicting rock failure can
be classified as continuum method, discontinuum method and coupled
continuum-discontinuum method.


My working paper treats about municipal authorities in Austria. With the aid of documents about administrative law I analyzed the concepts of public administration, government administration and the local self administration. Further I described the organisation of territorial administration in Austria and characterised the activities of the single levels. Sequentially I compared territorial administration in Austria and in Czech republic, at first on the general level, afterwards implementation in the constitution of each country. I also compared the territorial self administrative units and the municipalities in Austria and in the Czech republic and in a final step i compared the financial arrangements of the public administration.


We derive a formula for the relativistic decay rates in atoms in a formulation of quantum electrodynamics based upon the electron's self-energy. Relativistic Coulomb wave functions are used, the full spin calculation is carried out, and the dipole approximation is not employed. The formula has the correct nonrelativistic limit and is used for calculating the decay rates in hydrogen and muonium for the transitions 2P..-->..1S/sub 1/2/ and 2S/sub 1/2/..-->..1S/sub 1/2/. The results for hydrogen are GAMMA(2P..-->..1S/sub 1/2/) = 6.2649 x 10/sup 8/ s/sup -1/ and GAMMA(2S/sub 1/2/..-->..1S/sub 1/2/) = 2.4946 x 10/sup -6/. Our result for the 2P..-->..1S transition rate is in perfect agreement with the best nonrelativistic calculations as well as with the results obtained from the best known radiative decay lifetime measurements. As for the hydrogen 2S/sub 1/2/..-->..1S/sub 1/2/ decay rate, the result obtained here is also in good agreement with the best known magnetic dipole calculations. For muonium we get GAMMA(2P..-->..1S/sub 1/2/) = 6.2382 x 10/sup 8/ s/sup -1/ and GAMMA(2S/sub 1/2/..-->..1S/sub 1/2/) = 2.3997 x 10/sup -6/ s/sup -1/.


In the present comparative study, the important physical vapor deposition methods of thin films viz., thermal evaporation, electron beam evaporation, molecular beam epitaxy evaporation, activated reactive evaporation, ion plating and pulsed laser deposition were studied. In this study we have discussed about deposition principle, working process of physical vapor deposition, their significance in the whole process of a making a substrate deposition or single wafer, advantages, disadvantages and various applications of these deposition methods. In order to optimize the desired film thickness and characteristics, good understanding of the deposition methods and process is necessary. These physical vapor depositions methods can be found in the fabrication and processing technology industries. They are mostly used for creating metalized substrates or wafers. They have their own unique way of depositing materials on the substrates or wafers and thus having their own advantages, disadvantages and limitations in their applications.


This paper reports novel planar pattern reconfigurable UWB antenna array for multidirectional scanning in personal area network (PAN) application. An UWB antenna is designed for 3.1 to 10.6 GHz range and verified experimentally. The coupling between two such antenna elements is measured and a simple technique to suppress it to -20 dB is proposed. Finally, an array of 4 such elements is studied for pattern re-configurability. This is achieved with the implementation of delay line in the feed structure. The pattern reconfigurable UWB array is characterized in both time domain (TD), and frequency domain (FD).


By operating an A lGaA s w aveguide array at the half band gap, w e exp erimentally demonstrate basic features of discrete systems, w hich do not app ear in the corresp ondin g continuous counterpart | the slab w aveguide. U nder selected initial conditio ns, w e observed nonlinea rly induced locking of an initia ll y mo ving soliton to the input w aveguide. I f the power is even higher, original ly locked beams start to mo ve again, but in a direction opp osite to the initi al tilt. PACS numb ers: 42.65.T g, 42.65.Wi, 42.82.Et