This study will explore the reenactment of visual special effects used in TV dramas. The subjects of the study are images that are reproduced in visual special effects through <Descendants of the Sun> and <Mr. Sunshine>. Accordingly, we looked at the changes in the way TV dramas were produced according to the times, and looked at the changes in the market. Also, we looked at cases of visual special effects of Korean dramas, and looked at expressions according to the degree of completion of visual special effects. For the purpose of the analysis of the research targets, the images of reproducibility and the flow through reality were analyzed. In the case of <Descendants of the Sun>, the period setting is realistic, but visual special effects were used to maximize the actor's safety and expression, and in the case of <Mr. Sunshine>, the visual effects were used to maximize the aesthetic of the period background. In addition, it can be seen that the visual special effects were used for the effect of PPL on the export of images. This shows that the emphasis of reality and image montage techniques are being used to pursue hyperrealism. It is now possible to actively express and use the beauty of TV dramas rather than technical limitations. In addition, the pursuit of realism can actively express the changing times of digital age. This is an active representation of the camera's angle, lighting, and perspective that coincides with the background. The environment of video production is crucial for realistic expressions. The study examined various visual directions and applications. In TV images, we looked at reproduction, which can make a natural period of time by combining. As a follow-up study, we are going to study the changes in the new quadratic image based on the present image representation.


This study aims to examined the form of accelerating the role of parents in online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic and to examined the mental and spiritual impact of the role of fifth graders at Dana Punia Singaraja Elementary School. This research was a mixed research model, namely quantitative and qualitative research, with the research subjects being students of SD Dana Punia Singaraja. The method of determining the sample used was the study population method, which is examining all 17 students. While the data collection methods used were questionnaires, interviews, observation and document recording. Data analysis used quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. Based on the results of the analysis obtained the following findings. The role of parents in accelerating online learning contributes very significantly in strengthening students' spiritual mentality. Classically, the role of parents was 85.65%. In detail, it can be seen in each aspect, namely 1) aspects of democratic services by 76.76%, 2) functions of parents (birth, care, education, raising) of 80.82%, 3) control aspects of 85.18%, and 4) attention aspect of 85.65%. Mental spirituality as a result of the role of parents in accelerating online learning classically was 85.06% very good. While the results of each mental spiritual aspect were obtained 1) mental aspects related to the school community amounted to 85.06%, 2) mental aspects related to value alignment of 85.18%, 3) aspects related to the school environment amounted to 76.06 %, 4) aspects related to self-commitment were 76.41%. The results of this study were equipped with suggestions and recommendations.


The intelligent power communication network is closely connected with the power system, and carries the data transmission and intelligent decision in a series of key services in the power system, which is an important guarantee for the smart power service. The self-healing control (SHC) of the distribution network monitors the data of each device and node in the distribution network in real time, simulates and analyzes the data, and predicts the hidden dangers in the normal operation of the distribution network. Control, control strategies such as correcting recovery and troubleshooting when abnormal or fault conditions occur, reducing human intervention, enabling the distribution network to change from abnormal operating state to normal operating state in time, preventing event expansion and reducing the impact of faults on the grid and users.


Solvent-less silicone oil coating technology is very complex and has many technical difficulties in the process of solvent-less coating.With continuous technical innovations,solvent-less silicone oil coating technology has the advantages of more healthy,more environmental protection,more secure,more energy saving,more efficient,and more practical value;it become one of the solutions to overcome the two most pressing problems-energy shortage and air pollution.The composition,working principle,and structural design of the solvent-less silicone oil coater were introduced.The key technologies and components associated with this process were discussed and the coating weight control method was specially focused.


Introduction A Student's Attitude toward his school's atmosphere, facilities, personnel, learning and extracurricular activities significantly affects his motivation, commitment, and satisfaction with the school. Positive school satisfaction has been shown to make the compulsory school day more enjoyable and stimulating for the student (Epstein and McPartland, 1978). Therefore, a major educational concern has become the development of programs and curricula that nurture and maintain student satisfaction (Bloom et al., 1971; Jackson, 1968; Jencks et al., 1972; Krathwohl, 1964; Lortie, 1975). Presumably, enhanced student satisfaction is related to greater commitment and motivation to pursue one's studies. Despite this trend, very few studies have investigated the specific variables related to student attitude toward school. This issue becomes of even greater importance in our Jewish supplementary schools, where the goal of a life-long commitment to Judaism is exchanged for a few hours of educational and spi...


Twenty-seven articles covering about rec ent teen years were reviewed in order to understand the mechanism and important role of paclitaxel in treating nasopharyngeal carcinoma, laryngeal carcinoma and other head and neck carcinomas. Paclitaxel not only can inhibit the growth but also promote the apoptosis of cancer cell by stabilizing microtubules and blocking mitosis and proliferation. Paclitaxel has been regarded as a kind of radiosensitizer during concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy on head and neck carcinomas. Paclitaxel is one kind of effective anticancer drugs and will play a more and more important role in head and neck carcinoma therapy.


The paper briefly introduced the visibility of driver of underground loader and the appraisement approach. The approach for testing the visibility of driver of underground loader with 8m3 cab and the sight testing view served as example, the factors affected the visibility of driver of underground loader and the improving approach were analysed.


The serious group delay distortion degrades the quality of transmitted signals severely in high-speed satellite communication systems. This paper introduces a new combined equalization and demodulation structure to eliminate serious group delay. In this structure, equalization is embedded in code synchronization loop, whereas two parts are independent in conventional ones. A class of models of the base band group delay channel, derived from the method of K. Rajamani for designing all pass digital filters, is also proposed. Finally, computer simulations are presented to corroborate the theoretical analysis and indicate that the combined structure can achieve less loss of performance than conventional structures.


T formation of a peptic ulcer is associated with the action of acid peptic juice. When free hydrochloric acid is absent, its formation is impossible. Conversely, increased free acid secretion is commonly present in patients with duodenal ulcer. Although the ancient Greeks and Romans used alkalies for the treatment of "acid stomach," Sippy1 was the first to introduce an intensive program of neutralizing the gastric acidity in patients with peptic ulcer. His treatment resulted in a high percentage of healing. Various modifications of Sippy's original treatment using different neutralizing agents and a more liberal diet have appeared, but the basis for the treatment of peptic ulcer — adequate neutralization of gastric acidity —has remained the same.


The Matevosian world is aimed at the protection of the rights of
"natural man" and is in line with the Bakhtinian conclusion with its
consequences. Protecting the right to a decent life means feeling the greatest
responsibility for the fate of man and humanity. "Speech is the key to the
cosmic mystery. That is why the "literature" component of the proposed
formula appears to me as the greatest responsibility before humanity".


An advanced boundary element method (BEM) is developed in this paper for analyzing thin layered structures, such as thin films and coatings, under the thermal loading. The boundary integral equation (BIE) formulation for steady-state thermoelasticity is reviewed and a special case, that is, the BIE for a uniform distribution of the temperature change, is presented. The new nearly-singular integrals arising from the applications of the BIE/BEM to thin layered structures under thermal loading are treated in the same way as developed earlier for thin structures under the mechanical loading. Three 2-D test problems involving layered thin films and coatings on an elastic body are studied using the developed thermal BEM and a commercial FEM software. Numerical results for displacements and interfacial stresses demonstrate that the developed BIE/BEM remains to be very accurate, efficient in modeling, and surprisingly stable, for thin elastic materials with the thickness-to-length ratios down to 10 9 (the nano-scale). This thermal BEM capability can be employed to investigate other more important and realistic thin film and coating problems, such as residual stresses, interfacial crack initiation and propagation (peeling-off), in electronic packaging or other engineering applications.


The article is devoted to the analysis of government human resources policy in science in post-Soviet period. Three periods in evolution of government policy are determined that are different by approaches and measures that government used in order to revive balance in human resources and to attract young researchers. Key factors that make science an attractive professional area are identified.


AIMS: Aim of our study in this area of Bengal to assess the correlation of ultrasonic measurements of umbilical cord thickness in between 20–30 weeks with low birth weight babies. Materials and methods: The prospective study was done from March 2014 to December 2014 among 150 pregnant women who were referred for routine USG after 20 weeks of gestation. 139 met the criteria fixed by us. In these patients the diameter of cord were measured in a free loop of umbilical cord. The pregnancies were followed till delivery when birth weights of the babies were recorded. RESULTS: Correlation between lean umbilical cord and low birth weight were statistically observed with sensitivity of 55.5%, specificity of 94.3%, and positive predictive value of 68.18% and negative predictive value of 90% and were significant. Correlation also noted lean umbilical cord with low birth weight (P 0.01). CONCLUSION: Umbilical cord thickness by USG after 20 weeks are helpful to asses low birth weight and thus the important denominator for adverse pregnancy results.


Background: Fungi are important causal agents of nosocomial infections, that usually have high mortality rates. Aim: To evaluate the species distribution and susceptibility patterns of deep yeast infections in a General Hospital and to correlate those results with patient survival. Material and methods: Twenty one strains (from five pediatric and 16 from adult patients) were studied. Antifungal Susceptibility Testing (AST) to Amphotericin B (Anfb), Fluorocytosine (5FC), Fluconazole (FZ) and Itraconazole (IZ) was performed according to the EUCAST document. Clinical data of patients was obtained and survival to the infection was recorded. Results: C. albicans was isolated in 11 samples (52%), C. parapsilosis in three samples (14%), C. glabrata in two samples (9%), C. tropicalis in one sample (5%) and C. neoformans in four samples (19%). Twenty three percent of fungi were recovered at the Surgical Intensive Care Unit. The MICs ranged between 0.25 and 0.5 µg/mL for Anfb; between 0.25 and 16 µg/ml for SFC, between 0.12 and 32 µg/mL for FZ and 0.015 and 0.5 µg/mL for IZ. No association between antifungal susceptibility and patient survival was observed. Conclusions: C. albicans continues to be the most frequently isolated yeast, however, non-albicans species are an emergent group causing nosocomial infections. Surgical procedures are the main source of fungal infections in this sample (Rev Med Chile 2002; 130: 661-65)


Although the widely used stationary Landau states describe electrons with a definite orbital angular momentum (OAM) in a magnetic field, it is the lesser known nonstationary Laguerre-Gaussian (NSLG) states that appropriately characterize vortex electrons after their transfer from free space to the field. The reason is boundary conditions lead to oscillations of the r.m.s. radius (the transverse coherence length) of the electron packet that has entered a solenoid. We comprehensively investigate properties of the NSLG states and establish their connections with the Landau states. For instance, we show that the transverse coherence length of an electron in the field usually oscillates around a value greatly exceeding the Landau state coherence length. We also discuss sensitivity of the NSLG states to a small misalignment between the propagation axis of a free electron and the field direction, which is inevitable in a real experiment. It is shown that for any state-of-the-art parameters, the corrections to the observables are negligible, and the electron OAM stays robust to a small tilt of the propagation axis. Finally, we draw analogies between a quantum wave packet and a classical beam of many particles in phase space, calculating the mean emittance of the NSLG states, which acts as a measure of their quantum nature.


The theory and technology of time series data mining was introduced in this paper.Based on the summary of research advances of data mining in hydrological time series at home and abroad,the technology and application of hydrological time series data mining were further discussed.Moreover,the future research directions were drawn,including classification,clustering,similarity search,pattern recognition,tendency analysis and periodicity analysis.The aim of this study is to establish the theory framework of hydrological time series data mining more complete.


New self-tuning collective bionic algorithm, which basic idea consists in co-operative work of already well-known five swarm intelligence algorithms, was developed for solving multi-objective real-parameter unconstrained optimization problems. Investigation of the effectiveness of obtained heuristic was conducted on the subset of test problems: its workability was established and its usefulness was demonstrated.


The influence of light and temperature conditions inside solar greenhouse of winter-spring and autumn-winter crop in northern China on uptake and distribution of nitrogen. phosphorus and potassium of cucumber was studied. The results showed that plant root development and uptake and distribution of N, P and K benefited more from inside light and temperature changes in winter-spring crop. Root volume and root activity increased more rapidly in winter-spring than in autumn-winter. Uptake of total N, P2O5 and K2O increased with plant development in winter-spring, and declined in autumn-winter crop. Distribution of total N, P2O5 and K2O at different part of cucumber at fruit bearing stage was significantly influenced by inside light and temperature of solar greenhouse. Total N, P2O5 and K2O were mainly distributed to leaves and stems at early stage, and increasingly to fruits after fruit bearing.


This paper gives a general introduction of installation method of Integral BHOR and Separated BHOR,provide a reference for application of the South China Sea.


The form factors of the semileptonic Bc→S(AV)lν (l = τ,μ,e) transitions, where S and AV denote the scalar Χc0 and axial vector (Χc1,hc) mesons, are calculated within the framework of the three‐point QCD sum rules. The results of form factors are used to estimate the total decay widths and branching ratios of these transitions. A comparison of our results on branching ratios with the predictions of other approaches is also presented.


An instrumental method for simultaneous measurement of androstenone and skatole in backfat samples from entire male pigs was developed at the Danish Meat Research Institute (DMRI). The method is based on Laser Diode Thermal Desorption (LDTD) and Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI) coupled with MS-MS detection. With this instrumentation, the assay meets requirements set by large Danish pork slaughterhouses for maximum cost per sample, short time from a sample is extracted from the carcass on the slaughter line to the result of the analysis is in the slaughterhouse database and requirements for the speed of operation. With an automated sample pre-treatment, it will be possible with a single LDTD-MS-MS system to keep up with a line speed of 360 male pig carcasses per hour and to run 16 hours per workday.


Foreword by Thomas E. Workman Introduction Historical Development Licensure and Regulation--General Issues Current Trends Other Methods of Regulation Licensure Board Disciplinary Activities The Role of Other Agencies and Organizations Licensure Restrictions Impact on Consumers of Professional and Occupational Services Public Board Members Directories Conclusion: The Future of Professional and Occupational Licensure Boards Appendix A: Occupations and Professions Licensed by Every State Appendix B: Occupations and Professions Licensed by Most States Appendix C: Some Occupations and Professions Licensed in Only One State Appendix D: Regulators and Interest Groups Appendix E: The Amish and State Licensure: A Case Study Author Index Subject Index


The present invention, in the encapsulation system for components or composition of the hydrophobic flavor or fragrance, usually make it possible to release the crystalline material at room temperature and atmospheric pressure in an amorphous form It relates to a capsule system.


Dispersal-movement between populations-is a central feature in the biology of most organisms. There is an enormous literature on the ecology and evolution of dispersal (e.g., Swingland and Greenwood 1986). Many theoretical studies have explored factors favoring the evolution of dispersal, including competition among kin and inbreeding effects (e.g., Hamilton and May 1977; Comins 1982; Frank 1986; Taylor 1988; Wiener and Feldman 1991), the influences of extrinsically generated, spatiotemporal heterogeneity (Gadgil 1971; Roff 1975; Metz et al. 1983; Levin et al. 1984; Cohen and Levin 1991), and the interplay of withinpopulation and between-population selection (Kuno 1981; Olivieri et al. 1995). It has been demonstrated (Hastings 1983; Holt 1985) that if individuals disperse at fixed per capita rates between sites with local density dependence, then, without emporal heterogeneity, spatial heterogeneity inabundance alone is unable to select for dispersal (see also Liberman and Feldman 1989). The reason is that if habitats vary in carrying capacity, K, there is an asymmetric flow of individuals from high-K to low-K patches (Holt 1985). Such flow, in turn, reduces density in high-K patches (increasing fitness there) while increasing density in low-K patches (depressing fitness there). Because dispersal is basically moving individuals down gradients in fitness, on average, dispersal is disfavored in spatially (but not temporally) heterogeneous environments. These theoretical results highlight the importance of temporal heterogeneity infavoring dispersal. In a metapopulation ofopen patches, if the rank order of fitness among patches varies through time, dispersal can be selectively advantageous (Bull et al. 1987). Dispersal in effect provides an evolutionary strategy that permits individuals to exploit spatiotemporal variation in fitness. The theoretical expectation of a relation between temporal variability and dispersal matches ome data from natural populations (Roff 1990). We previously examined a simple two-patch, discrete-generation model in which individuals dispersed at constant rates between two patches and experienced density dependence in each patch (McPeek and Holt 1992). We showed that temporal variation in density-independent growth rates, partially uncorrelated across patches, favored dispersal. Moreover, a polymorphism indispersal rates could be stably maintained if the two patches were heterogeneous (with different carrying capacities). Other authors have also shown that dispersal polymorphisms may be maintained in temporally and spatially heterogeneous environments (Frank 1986; Cohen and Levin 1991; Karlson and Taylor 1992). In this note, we demonstrate that chaotic population dynamics in otherwise


In recent years, the water quality is increasingly deteriorating in Mangxi River, the nitrogen and phosphorus in the eutrophication degree is gradually increasing, which results in the water resources shortage in Jingyan County, so the water purification of Mangxi River is imminent. Through the information search,repeatedly for river water quality categories is Ⅴ class or worse Ⅴ class, and the pollution of Mangxi River belongs to ammonia nitrogen nutrient pollution. Aimed at the problems above, based on the traditional ecological floating bed, a set of complete micro aeration system was designed. It consisted of wet box floating bed which hangs elastic three-dimensional packing and micro aeration system.


The object of research of this article is the Finnish musical culture. The subject of the study is the life and work of composer, teacher, conductor and educator Erkka Melartin (1875-1937).The purpose of the article is to recreate the personal and creative portrait of E. Melartin as one of the outstanding musicians of Finland in the first half of the twentieth century. The author examines in detail the biography of the composer in close connection with all types of his activities, gives a description of the main directions of the composer's creativity. The author pays special attention to the administrative activities of E. Melartin as the head of the Helsingfors Music Institute (now the Sibelius Academy), his conducting and pedagogical work. The main conclusions of the study: Erkki Melartin made a tremendous contribution to the development of culture and musical professional education in Finland; his impressive compositional heritage (with many influences of other composers and folklore of Karelia) has bright and distinctive features; E. Melartin is the author of the first national opera ("Aino") and the first large-scale national ballet ("Blue Pearl"). Among his students: Aarre Merikanto, Jurje Kilpinen, Vyane Raitio, Ilmari Hannikainen, Uuno Klami, Sulho Ranta and Helvi Leiviska – those who later formed the elite of the Finnish school of composition of the twentieth century. The article for the first time in Russian musicology publishes detailed information about the life, work and social activities of the composer.


Using the ITS region and the gene tef1, 23 strains of the genus Trichoderma were identified as belonging to the species T. harzianum (n = 14), T. olivascens (n = 1), T. trixiae (n = 1), T. viridialbum (n = 1), T. tomentosum (n = 2), T. koningii (n = 1), T. atroviride (n = 1), T. viride (n = 1), and T. gamsii (n = 1). Strains expressing extracellular laccase activity were selected by decolorization/oxidation assays in solid media, using azo, anthraquinone, indigoid, and triphenylmethane dyes, and the phenolic substances tannic acid and guaiacol. No strain decolorized Direct Blue 71 or Chicago Blue 6B, but all of them weakly oxidized guaiacol, decolorized Methyl Orange, and efficiently oxidized tannic acid. Based in decolorization/oxidation assays, strains CMU‐1 (T. harzianum), CMU‐8 (T. atroviride), CMU‐218 (T. viride), and CMU‐221 (T. tomentosum) were selected for evaluating their extracellular laccase activity in liquid media. Strain CMU‐8 showed no basal laccase activity, while strains CMU‐1, CMU‐218, and CMU‐221 had a basal laccase activity of 1,313.88 mU/mL, 763.88 mU/mL, and 799.53 mU/mL, respectively. Addition of sorghum straw inhibited laccase activity in strain CMU‐1 by 34%, relative to the basal culture, while strains CMU‐8, CMU‐21, and CMU‐221 increased their laccase activity by 1,321.5%, 64%, and 47%, respectively. These results show that assayed phenolic substrates are good tools for selecting laccase producer strains in Trichoderma. These same assays indicate the potential use of studied strains for bioremediation processes. Straw laccase induction suggests that analyzed strains have potential for straw delignification in biopulping and other biotechnological applications. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:787–798, 2016


The utility model discloses a control device used for an electric power assisted steering system of an electric forklift. A vehicle-mounted power supply of the control device supplies power to an assisting motor, a walking motor, a walking controller and an assisting controller. A steering wheel is linked with a steering coder through a revolving shaft. The walking motor is linked with steering wheels through a transmission gear box. A large steering gear is installed on a main shaft above the steering wheels. The upper portion of a main shaft of the assisting steering motor is linked with an assisting coder. The large steering gear and the steering wheels are fixedly installed. An assisting small gear is meshed with the large steering gear. A detecting small gear is meshed with the large steering gear in a transmission mode. A position sensor is installed above the detecting small gear. The steering coder and the assisting coder are in signal connection with the assisting controller. The assisting controller compares detecting signals of the steering coder and the assisting coder. The control device is simple in structure, low in cost, convenient to install and debug and high in reliability and safety.


This paper aims at using a public call for non-objecting physicians as a springboard for a broader critical reflection on the way the topic of pregnancy termination is usually thought, that is, as a contrast between the self-determination of a pregnant woman, from a side, and the freedom of conscientious objection of the doctor, on the other. Secondly, it will illustrate how to think of the right to abortion as a mere potestative right for women is not without risks, because it could leave the pregnant woman "alone" to come to terms with her own freedom.


Insulin‐binding antibodies may produce severe dysglycaemia in insulin‐naïve patients ('insulin autoimmune syndrome' (IAS) or Hirata disease), while rendering routine insulin assays unreliable.


The interface structure of an ultrathin Co overlayer on a Pt(111) crystal was investigated with atomic-layer resolution medium-energy ion scattering spectroscopy and surface magneto-optical Kerr effect (SMOKE). For a 7 ML Co, interdiffusion begins at 673 K to form a heavily distorted Co–Pt surface alloy layer with little change in SMOKE intensity. However, annealing at 773 K formed a 30 atomic-layer-thick Co–Pt substitutional alloy with 3.7% maximum tensile strain, at which the SMOKE intensity increased more than 200%. The enhancement of the Kerr intensity is discussed with the interface alloy formation.


The robot is the creation of new markets and various cooperation according to the manufacturing paradigm shift. Cooperative management easy for existing industrial robots, robots work on productivity, manpower to replace the robot in every industry cooperation for the purpose of and demand increases.to exist But the industrial robot at the scene of the cooperation working due to accidents are frequent, threatening the safety of the operator. Of industrial site is configured with a robot in an environment ensuring the safety of the operator to and confidence to communicate that can do the possibility of action.Robot guard system of the need for development cooperation. The robot's cooperation through the sensors and computer vision task within a radius of the double to prevent accidents and accidents should reduce the risk. International protocol for a variety of industrial production equipment and communications opc ua system based on ultrasonic sensors and cnn to (Convolution Neural Network) for video analytics.We suggest the cooperation with the robot guard system. Robots in a proposed system is unsafe situation of workers evaluating the possibility of control.


Scholars have different opinions on the nature of the Liens in continental law system.Common viewpoint is that the lien can be divided into lien of the creditor's right and lien of real right.In fact,if we analyze the lien from its emergence,effect and extinguishments,the essence of the lien belongs to real right;it displays an obvious real right character.


the paper has received two reviews. Both reviewers were quite positive about the scientific significance of the paper. Dr. Sime considered the revisions required to bring the the paper into a publishable state as minor. Reviewer 1 had serious concerns. One of the main concerns is the interpretation of the physical results. The possibility to interpret the changes in surface temperatures if the SSTs are fixed are rather limited. I personally share this concern. In this respect the paper requires serious revisions. The heat budget will be seriously affected by this approach. Warm SSTs and low


During the last three decades, many articles have intercountry spread of MRSA.6,15,16 In particular, nursing homes and other long-term care facilities constibeen published describing and debating the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus tute major MRSA reservoirs, and need to be surveyed closely for any strategy focusing on MRSA eradication (MRSA). This work was stimulated by the ongoing impact of infections caused by MRSA and the diffito succeed. 17,18 Because colonized elderly patients are frequently transferred between hospitals and longculties in preventing or treating them.1,2 Nevertheless, uncertainties regarding the transmission and control term care facilities, a continuing circuit of MRSA transmission occurs.19 In the case of the described of MRSA remain.3 For instance, new epidemic strains of multiresistant S. aureus have continued to emerge outbreak in Cambridge, where the geriatric wards were the most important epicentre, with one-third of and decline for unknown reasons in different places since 1961.4–6 It remains unclear why some European all new cases in 1997, rigorous MRSA control in the transferring long-term care facilities may have helped countries such as the UK are affected by the rising occurrence of epidemic invasive strains of MRSA,7 to control the outbreak in the tertiary care centre. This suggests that the answer to the MRSA problem whereas countries like Denmark have nearly abolished their MRSA problem.8 Moreover, some local must come from a multidisciplinary approach involving different groups of health-care and public-health MRSA outbreaks have disappeared without any particular control efforts or antibiotic restriction,9 while professionals, not only from those in the acute care setting. Moreover, the transfer of any MRSA patient others institutions report MRSA propagation or reappearance despite various attempts to contain it.6 from one health-care institution to another should be clearly stated at time of patient transfer. In the Almost 40 years after the first report of MRSA in the UK,10 the study by Farrington and colleagues11 Netherlands, where MRSA is not endemic, a national control programme, including MRSA screening at published in this issue of QJM, describes another astonishing MRSA experience, and presents new time of hospital admission of all patients transferred from foreign hospitals or nursing homes, has been insights into the never-ending struggle to prevent MRSA infections. Several aspects of the retrospective successful in preventing the spread of MRSA.20 Unfortunately, the Dutch experience remains excepstudy by Farrington and co-authors11 attract our attention. First, this paper describes in a very detailed and tional, and does not help to stop ongoing outbreaks in an epidemic setting such as that described by careful manner a 12-year experience with MRSA at Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge. The authors Farrington et al. The paper, however, dramatically demonstrates that an isolated MRSA eradication stratdemonstrate that sporadic or epidemic strains of MRSA could be controlled over 10 years through the egy cannot succeed if neighbouring institutions have already lost their battle against MRSA. In short: do use of a stringent, but labour-intensive control policy including screening of high-risk patients, transfer of not fight your battle alone during 'war' times, seek allies and collaborate in your common fight against patients to isolation rooms, and ward closure to new admissions in case of MRSA transmission. Since MRSA! Second, the described hospital was not only over1993, however, an increase of patients admitted with MRSA halted the initial 'search and destroy' strategy, whelmed by the high number of MRSA cases admitted from outside, but also by internal problems resulting in a dramatic hospital-wide MRSA outbreak. What is the first lesson to be learned from this exceeding the available capacities to continue any stringent eradication policy. The lack of isolation outbreak and similar reports? MRSA is not constrained by local, regional or even national borders, facilities and the increased nursing workload were probably the most important reasons why the outand affects all hospitals and populations throughout Europe and around the world.12–14 Transfer of colonbreak spread throughout the whole institution. Unfortunately, the data from the present study about ized or infected patients causes interhospital and


Introduction Functional scores are used to clinically assess total hip arthroplasty (THA) and for comparative purposes in the orthopaedic literature. Previous research has highlighted patient age, gender and underlying diagnosis as potential sources of bias but comorbidity has not been considered. The Functional Comorbidity Index (FCI) is a published epidemiological tool which correlates disease with associated physical function deficit. It scores 18 conditions: one point for each, total score 0–18. Method & Results We analysed 41 fully cemented primary THAs in patients ≤55 years at time of surgery with a minimum 10 years follow up. Past medical history was collected via thorough case note review. Patients were assessed using the SF-12 questionnaire, Harris Hip and WOMAC indexes. The study population consisted of 29 patients: 12 women, 17 men. Mean age: 45 years (range 22–53). All patients received cemented polished Corin TaperFit stem with polyethylene Ogee cup. Mean follow up 13.4 years (range 10.2–17.7). FCI scores ranged 0–3 (12 hips=0; 19 hips=1, 5 hips=2, 5 hips=4). A Pearson9s product-moment correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the relationship between co-morbidity and hip function score using all three indexes. SF-12 score: Mean (M) =88.7; Standard Deviation (SD) =19.3; Range 0–166. Mean by FCI subgroup: 0=91, 1=96, 2=76.8, 3=68.6 (r=−0.407) HHS: M=83.8; SD=17.0; Range 45–100. Mean by FCI subgroup: 0=94.7; 1=88.2, 2=63.5, 3=54.6 (r= −0.813) WOMAC: M=79.1; SD=20.7; Range 34–100. Mean by FCI subgroup: 0=94.4, 1=91.72, 2=48.8, 3=37.4 (r=−0.812) Discussion & Conclusion Satisfaction was extremely high with 98% of patients "extremely likely" to recommend this treatment to friends or family. Increasing FCI score correlated with decreasing hip function scores in all three indexes. This study suggests a strong negative correlation between patient comorbidity and hip function scores in THA patients. When comparing functional scores, particularly across patient and implant groups, adjustment for patient comorbidities should be made to ensure balanced evaluation.


The present invention relates to a dual pressure dilute nitric acid method, increased production of the device in the hot season, while improving the efficiency of heat recovery. Ammonia gas outlet of the superheater cold fluid inlet in communication with the second ammonia ammonia evaporator; a second cool fluid outlet of the first ammonia ammonia superheater superheater cold fluid communication with an inlet; Ammonia Evaporator ammonia gas superheater outlet of the first ammonia cool fluid an inlet in communication; ammonia ammonia air filter inlet in communication with the cold fluid outlet of the superheater first ammonia; tail gas expander exhaust outlet and the second inlet ammonia superheater thermal fluid communication; air filter, blower dehumidifying apparatus axial compressor sequentially connected; air filter inlet gas outlet gas communication with the blower; blower outlet of the heat exchanger the hot gas inlet in fluid communication; hot fluid outlet of the heat exchanger inlet in communication with the defogger; defogger outlet of the axial compressor inlet in communication ; sequentially cool fluid communication with the cold fluid outlet of the inlet, the cold water pump, refrigeration units, heat exchangers of the heat exchanger.


IN this issue of the Journal, Mannucci et al. report that infusions of a synthetic derivative of antidiuretic hormone — l-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) — shorten the prolonged bleeding t...


A stack package and a method for fabricating the same are provided to prevent the degradation of productivity of the whole stack package by omitting an additional patterning process for forming the rewiring by connecting a metal rewiring with a line width with a nano size between respective electrode terminals of the substrate and a pad for selecting each chip. A plurality of semiconductor chips(106,108,110,112) are stacked on a substrate(102) having an electrode terminal. Each semiconductor chip includes pads(106a,106b) for selecting a chip and a penetrating electrode is electrically connected by the penetrating electrode. One surface of the substrate including the semiconductor chip is sealed by an encapsulation material. The pads for selecting each chip of each stacked semiconductor chip is connected to the electrode terminal of the substrate by a metal rewiring(111) with a line width with a nano size formed along the edge of the semiconductor chip.


Intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) provides dynamic neural information and is recommended for high‐risk thyroid surgery. In this analysis, the cost‐effectiveness of IONM in preventing bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury was investigated.


Framed by introductory /1 and closing formulae /2/, Jer. 2:2b-3 (&dquo;the seed oracle&dquo;) emerges as a self-contained unit or poem, as most commentators are agreed /3/. Yet, in spite of recent discussion of this passage /4/ no one has noticed the symmetrical gender-patterning it exhibits. Once the text and translation are set out with grammatical gender made explicit, the pattern becomes apparent.


Nowadays, small business entrepreneurs use a new marketing tool to promote their products. This tool is named Live streaming.Objectives: This study aims to help online shop owners maintain customer live-streaming engagement so it can enhance viewers' participation through live-streaming commerce.Methodology: This study used quantitative data, utilizing a survey methodology and employing Indonesian citizens as the research's object. Respondents were obtained through Google form with 225 respondents to be analyzed using PLS-SEM. Variables were measured using a Likert scale. Finding: The result of this study suggests that interactivity, informativeness, and personalization correlate with customer engagement in live-streaming commerce.Conclusion: This research shows how to make a live streaming engagement using e-commerce which was influenced by interactivity, a response to an interaction between subscribers and streamers during live streaming. In addition, there is also informativeness that affects customer live-streaming engagement which is seen from the information provided by the streamer to customers. There is personalization which also affects live-streaming commerce. Future studies can be done in other countries by using the enormous shopping platform in their country with specific shopping platforms, specific sectors (fashion, electronics, food, and others), and measure customer live-streaming engagement using attractiveness because not many papers discuss this topic in Indonesia. Future studies also can distribute more questionnaires for more relevant and valid results and also add more factors like the increase in customer engagement in purchase intention or value co-creation.


Speckle noise represents one of the main components of the multidimensional SAR signal that limit the complete exploitation of multidimensional SAR data, and polarimetric SAR data in particular. This paper consider the main trends in the characterization and the filtering of the multidimensional Speckle noise component.


A new technique of identifying nonlinear multi-degree-of-freedom systems has been presented. The basic procedures of this technique are : (1) obtaining the data of a periodic external force applied to the system and of the periodic steady-state response induced by it ; (2) expressing the nonlinear terms of the system in the form of polynomials with unknown coefficients ; and (3) determining the unknown coefficients by expressing the necessary quantities in Fourier series and applying the principle of harmonic balance. Some examples are given to show the applicability of the technique presented.


The electric generating unit's operational state of both history and scheme should be taken into consideration in the operational reliability evaluation of generating system. The generating unit's ageing failure is taken into account in the paper. The repairable failure unavailability and the ageing failure unavailability are deduced from the unified definition of unavailability, and the forced outage model is obtained by using the theory of multiple failure competing risk failure. The selections of formula for computing unavailability in the reliability evaluation of different cycles are discussed. And they are applied to operational reliability evaluation of generating system, which is based on daily generation scheduling. Simulation analyses are given to indicate the effectiveness of the method. The methods and conclusions can be used in operational reliability evaluation of composite generation and transmission system, and also can be applied into operational reliability evaluation of generating system including wind energy and solar energy.


Book 24 of Homer's Iliad presents us with one of the most beautiful and chilling scenes of the epic: the scene where Achilles and Priam directly face one another at the point when the suffering (pathos) of each seems to have reached its pinnacle. Achilles' suffering is centered on the loss of his best friend Patroclus, while the suffering of Priam – although long in the making due to the attack on his city and his family – has reached a new level of despair with the loss of his dearest son Hector. At first sight, the suffering of each man seems very different in its nature and expression. Achilles grieves over his friend and lifetime companion, and expresses this grief in both deep sadness and rage. In Homer's words:


Many large landslides are distributed in the southern Japanese Alps which consists of high relief and steep slopes. A lot of sediments deposited in dams suggest that sediments are produced actively in upper streams. To evaluate the sediment supply from landslides, this study addressed the mapping of landslides ( >10000 m) in Ooi River and Hayakawa River (total area is 862 km) using aerial photographs and orthophotographs in 1970s and 2000s (partly including 2010s). In addition, we computed the volume of sediment supply in several large landslides based on the difference between DEMs from LiDAR data in multiple shooting periods. One hundred eighty landslides were extracted from photographs in 2000s to 2010s. The comparison between the distribution maps of landslides in 1970s and 2000s indicated that an initial large landslide ( >100000 m) had not occurred since 1970s. In contrast, some landslides had enlarged gradually. Erosion rate computed from LiDAR data indicated the order of 10−1 to 10−2 m yr−1. Such erosion rate suggests that the bare grounds after landslides are important as sediment supply area.


It is shown that a system with quantum coherence can be nontrivially affected by adjacent magnetic or adjacent time-varying electric field regions, with this proximity (or remote) influence having a gauge origin. This is implicit (although overlooked) in numerous works on extended systems with inhomogeneous magnetic fields (with either conventional or Dirac materials) but is generally plagued with an apparent gauge ambiguity. The origin of this annoying feature is explained and it is shown how it can be theoretically removed, leading to macroscopic quantizations (quantized Dirac monopoles, integral quantum Hall effect, quantized magnetoelectric phenomena in topological insulators). Apart however from serving as a theoretical probe of macroscopic quantizations, there are cases (experimental conditions, clarified here) when this "gauge nonlocality" does not really suffer from any ambiguity: an apparently innocent gauge transformation corresponds to real change in physics of a companion system in higher dimensionality, that leads to physical momentum transfers to our own system. This nonlocality, together with the associated "proximity" or remote effects are then real and lead to the remarkable possibility of inducing topological phenomena from outside our system (which always remains field-free and can even reside in simply-connected space). Specific procedures are then proposed to experimentally detect such types of nonlocal effects and exploit them for novel applications. General consequences in solid state physics (such as the first violation of Bloch theorem in a field-free quantum periodic system) are pointed out, and formal analogies with certain high energy physics phenomena (axions, {\theta}-vacua and some types of Gribov ambiguities), as well as with certain largely unexplored phenomena in mechanics and in thermodynamics, are noted.


Teachers working in rural areas need professional and teaching skills support. This study was conducted at the Lower Secondary (NTLS) School in Ha Noi. This research pointed out 2 issues of policy of Professional Learning Communities to the teachers and the professional development for teachers towards PLCs at NTTS. This paper shows how to implement policies regarding the professional development of teachers in the NTLS. The results show that the NTLS has performed professional development work such as directing the development and implementation of school education plans and professional training activities. PCLs is the target of the teachers at NTTS developing teaching profession.


With the flour of corn, rice, wheat, oat and defatted soy as raw materials, the extrusion process parameters of the coarse grain nutritional breakfast cereals such as the moisture contents, the extrusion expansion temperature of the twin-screw cavity, the screw speed, the feeding rate and the addition amount of CaCO3 were studied in this paper. The results showed that the temperature inside the corresponding extruding part of the DS56-Ⅲ-type twin-screw extruder were 150~160 ℃, the moisture content rate was 16%~17%, the screw speed was 300~600 r/min, the feeding rate was 120~150 kg/h, and the addition amount of CaCO3 was 0.1%~0.3%.


Nowadays one of the most effective methods of joining of oxide ceramics with other elements of construction is active brazing based on using of active metals (Ti, Zr), which increase reactivity of brazing alloy relative to ceramic element of a joining.


The producing process of phosphorus series inflaming retarding copolyesters with copolymerizing method was introduced, and the properties of products were studied. Result indicated that comparing with conventional PET, phosphorus series inflaming retarding copolyesters slices had lower crystallizing rate, longer crystallizing time, better thermal stability, and the melt viscosity was more sensitive to temperature.


Pólya urns are urns where at each unit of time a ball is drawn and is replaced with some other balls according to its colour. We introduce a more general model: The replacement rule depends on the colour of the drawn ball and the value of the time (mod p). We discuss some intriguing properties of the differential operators associated to the generating functions encoding the evolution of these urns. The initial partial differential equation indeed leads to ordinary linear differential equations and we prove that the moment generating functions are D-finite. For a subclass, we exhibit a closed form for the corresponding generating functions (giving the exact state of the urns at time n). When the time goes to infinity, we show that these periodic Pólya urns follow a rich variety of behaviours: their asymptotic fluctuations are described by a family of distributions, the generalized Gamma distributions, which can also be seen as powers of Gamma distributions. En passant, we establish some enumerative links with other combinatorial objects, and we give an application for a new result on the asymptotics of Young tableaux: This approach allows us to prove that the law of the lower right corner in a triangular Young tableau follows asymptotically a product of generalized Gamma distributions. 2012 ACM Subject Classification Mathematics of computing→ Enumeration, Mathematics of computing → Generating functions, Mathematics of computing → Distribution functions, Mathematics of computing → Ordinary differential equations, Theory of computation → Generating random combinatorial structures, Theory of computation → Random walks and Markov chains


This paper discusses the latest developments in the ability to predict wear of strip seals in turbine engines. Caulked-in continuous strip seals are a common form of seals employed on both the rotating and stationary components of gas and/or steam turbines. These seals perform best when minimum clearances are achieved during the steady state operation of the turbine, and when a sharp tip profile can be maintained. However, interference between the stationary and rotating seal components often occurs during transient periods of startup, shutdown and hot re-start. In the case of the strip seals, this leads primarily to wear of the strip, which increases leakage and reduces turbine performance. The aim of this paper is to present the latest findings showing that thermal conductivity through the strip and into the body mass in which it is caulked are the primary factors in controlling seal wear within the range of materials and parameters tested. This paper will discuss the latest experimental validation of a model that uses thermal conductivity and geometry of the strip in predicting wear during high speed rubs against a proprietary material.


AbstractThe building of structures from steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) in the external and conventional reinforced concrete (RC) in the internal layer represents an economical alternative of structures effectively using SFRC. The paper presents test results of flexural behaviour of layered beams with SFRC external layers and RC internal layer. The behaviour of these beams is compared to test results of SFRC and conventional RC beams. The test results show, that the flexural load capacity for all series of beams is nearly similar, but the deflections of layered beams are less comparing to monolithic ones. It also been shown that the equations indicated in the Eurocode 2 can be used to design the flexural reinforcement in layered SFRC beams.


In this paper, we introduce a 3D pedestrian tracking method based on 3D head point detection in indoor environment, such as train stations, airports, shopping malls and hotel lobbies where the ground can be nonflat. We also show that our approach is effective and efficient in capturing close-up facial images using pantilt-zoom (PTZ) cameras. We use two horizontally displaced overhead cameras to track pedestrians by estimating the accurate 3D position of their heads. The 3D head point is then tracked using common assumptions on motion direction and velocity. Our method is able to track pedestrians in 3D space no matter if the pedestrian is walking on a planar or a non-planar surface. Moreover, we make no assumption about the pedestrians' heights, nor do we have to generate the full disparity map of the scene. The tracking system architecture allows for a real time capturing of high quality facial images by guiding PTZ cameras. The approach is tested using a publicly available visual surveillance simulation test bed.


More than 850 million people in developing countries are excluded from a wide range of information and knowledge, with the rural poor in particular remaining isolated from both traditional media and new information and communication technologies, which would improve their livelihoods and development pattern (FAO, 2001). Considering the sociocultural and geographical structure of rural, remote people community radio has been found more effective and inclusive medium to provide unbiased information and knowledge among the masses (Gumucio 2001). The aim of this article is to analyze the contribution of community radio to the development of deprived rural people in various parts of world in general and Kenya in particular. The analysis indicates that the community radio movement has created grassroots-level participation and horizontal circulation of ideas among the deprived rural communities, which are necessary pre-conditions to democratization of communication and redistribution of power. The article has also looked at the Community Radio ownership models in various parts of the world and made some policy suggestions for its sustainability especially in Kenya and East Africa at large. Keywords: Community radio, democratization of communication, horizontal circulation, grassroots-level participation


This paper reviews the strategies announced by the ten countries joining the European Union in May 2004 with regard to their intentions for participation in ERM II and the adoption of the euro. The paper examines the economic rationale of the monetary integration strategies declared by most acceding countries with a view to identifying also their potential risks. It does so by making use of several different approaches, including a short review of nominal convergence and a more extensive discussion from an optimum currency area perspective. An important part of the analysis is devoted to the implications of real convergence – i.e. catching-up growth in income and adjustment of the real economic structures towards those prevailing in the euro area – on the patterns of economic dynamics in acceding countries. Other aspects covered are the risks for external competitiveness in the convergence process and the appropriate pace of fiscal consolidation.


Title-holding is an age long practice before the penetration of Islam in Egbaland, an area predominantly inhabited by the Yoruba speaking people of Ogun State, Nigeria. The acceptance of Islam by the Egbas reformed, to a large extent, the socio-religious and cultural lives of the people. The Yoruba traditional systems of marriage, naming and burial rites were, among others, influenced and reformed by Islam. However, a good number of the Egbas, like other Yoruba tribes which profess Islam, still retain some of their cultural beliefs and traditions. Consequently, there was an infiltration of Yoruba tradition and culture on certain Islamic practices and rites such as marriage, naming and funeral rites. Such infiltration can also be noticed in title-holding among the people. This paper, therefore, critically appraises the fusion of the Yoruba traditional elements to the Islamic practice of the title-holding among Egba Muslims. The paper adopts the historical approach establishing the institutionalization of titleholding in Islam. It then x-rays the practice of title-holding among the people. The paper then considers the similarities between the Muslim titles and the traditional titles patterned along the traditional set up among the four sections of the people. Realizing the fact that title-holding has become a firmly rooted institution among the Egba Muslims, the paper offers a number of recommendations for the restructure of the institution for better administration of the people and further development of Islam in Egbaland in particular and Yorubaland in general.


CVD is the general term for a class of heart diseases involving heart and blood vessels. Whilst the term commonly refers to any form of disorder affecting the cardiovascular system, it is most typically linked to atherosclerosis. The mortality rates for C


Abstract The fertility of the soil depends on an ample supply of nitrogen compounds and on a variety of other nutrients and trace elements. The supply of nitrates by natural means has posed a limit to productivity since the inception of agriculture, and the avoidance of soil salination has been a necessity in many environments. Since the invention of an industrial process for fixing atmospheric nitrogen (the Haber process), there has been an ample supply of nitrates in the form of chemical fertilisers, capable of sustaining agriculture worldwide, and enabling it to feed the burgeoning human population. The growth in agricultural supply has been attributable, in the second half of the twentieth century, to the combined agency of hybrid crop species, chemical fertilisers and irrigation. Now, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, the problem of soil salination is limiting this growth and threatening to reverse it.


Abstract : The physical processes responsible for breakdown of gas gaps with overvoltages of a few percent have been studied in a number of works both oscillographically and optically. Theoretical calculations have shown that known experimental facts are explained well by the theory of Townsend avalanche generation. In the present work, the authors studied the development of a discharge in gaps of 1-6 cm with overvoltages of 2-20 times, and also measured the time characteristics, both the discharge delay time (t sub d), the time of switching to the 0.5 (U sub 0) level and the duration of the 'step' as functions of the electric field voltage.


A common way of localization in robotics is using triangulation on a system composed of a sensor and some landmarks (which can be artificial or natural). First, when no identifying marks are set on the landmarks, their identification by a robust algorithm is a complex problem which may be solved using correspondence graphs. Secondly, when the localization system has no a priori information about its environment, it has to build its own map in parallel with estimating its position, a problem known as simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). Recent works have proposed to solve this problem based on building a map made of invariant features. This paper describes the algorithms and data structure needed to deal with landmark matching, robot localization and map building in a single efficient process, unifying the previous approaches. Experimental results are presented using an outdoor robot car equipped with a two-dimensional scanning laser sensor.


This work done in the treatment plant of drinking water treatment La Esperanza has as aim to diagnose and evaluate the hydraulic efficiency that has the horizontal flow flocculator, using the methodology of mathematical models proposed by David Wolff and William Resnick and considering the holding time of theoretical and actual of the unit, So it was verified that the unit has an actual holding period of 34 minutes, lower than the theoretical of 36.5 minutes, showing closeness in the two times which is considerated acceptable, and showing a plug flow rate of 93%, mixed flow 7%, and the absence of dead zones, showing to be an efficient unit, according to these results, it is recommended the implementation of a flow measurer in the flume Parshall, as well as the determination of optimum dosages of coagulants because this is done based on the experience by plant operators.


This paper presents a survey of the state-of-the-art in multibeam antennas, as particularly applicable to data communications satellites, and analyzes a new configuration to meet such specific needs over the U.S. during the 1980's. Three basic forms of multibeam antennas are described—those providing space diversity, polarization diversity and variable-shaped beams. The use of lenses, reflectors and phased arrays in various multiheam configurations is described. Hardware developments in the field which are surveyed include both waveguide and TEM lenses, and an off- set fed reflector for INTELSAT V.


In Japan, there have been a number of serious natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunami, as represented by the East Japan Great Earthquake in 2011. When a large scale disaster occurs, information and communication technology (ICT) performs important rule to save the human life from the disaster and to reduce disaster victims. Particularly in mountainous areas, the residents are completely isolated from other areas due to the disconnection and distraction of telecommunication means. In the stricken area, inter-vehicle communication technology is much more suitable from the points of mobility and electric power supply for telecommunication equipments because communication network can be quickly reconfigured and the network topology can be easily and quickly developed. However, since in mountain area, the place where a vehicles node is arranged is limited, it is necessary to expand the communication distance between the vehicle nodes as much as possible. In this paper, in order to establish the long distance communication in wireless network environment, a dynamic antenna direction control method is introduced to maximize the throughput or minimize the packet loss rate and round trip time between the target vehicle nodes by automatically controlling the antenna direction. The prototype system is constructed and its performance analysis were carried out and verify our suggested system.


Determining the nanodarcy gas permeability and other parameters of naturally and hydraulically induced fractured shale formations by testing the pressure transmission of core plugs, drill cuttings, and crushed samples is discussed. The author reviewed and modified the available methods for interpreting pressure tests with an emphasis on the differences between intrinsic and apparent permeability, and the generally overlooked temperature effects. It is significant to note that the temperature of gas varies during transport through porous rock samples and various dead-volumes when testing equipment used for permeability measurement is involved; this is because of unavoidable viscous dissipation and Joule-Thomson effects. Improved formulations and analysis methods that honor the relevant physics of gas transport and interactions with shale are presented, for both the generally assumed isothermal conditions and the realistic case of nonisothermal conditions. These improved formulations provide valuable insights when comparing and evaluating the currently available equations used for permeability calculations with the experimental data obtained by various testing methods. Better design and analysis of experiments for simultaneously determining several unknown parameters that impact the transport calculations, including deformation, adsorption, diffusion, viscous dissipation, Joule-Thomson effect, and deviation from Darcy flow, are described. It is recommended that the permeability and other parameters of shale samples be determined by simultaneous analysis of multiple pressure tests conducted under different conditions to accommodate temporally and spatially variable conditions by consideration of the temperature effect. The inherent limitations of the methods that rely on analytical solutions of the diffusivity equation on the basis of Darcy's law are also explained.


The article presents the analysis of actual information security problems in commercial segment. The main directions in regulations of the Russian Federation connected with information security assurance are defined. The results indicate the insufficiency of legal regulation in prevention of reputational losses due to information security incidents


Objective To investigate the prevalence of eating problems and family feeding status among 7months~4years children in Suzhou. Methods Cross-sectional survey was conducted.Data included children's socio-demographic,eationg behavior and their caregiver's information. Results 42% of children identified as eating behavior problems,including 26% of children's " strong preference for a certain food".Permissive parenting( " allows children to choose food" 38.5%);Authoritarian parenting( " must eat up all the food 36.5%);Neglectful parenting(" eat with less emotional communication6.5%),and different parenting styles have different inference on eating behavior. Conclusions The prevalence of eating problems among 7months~4years children in Suzhou is high.The intervention of children's eating behavior will be used in the future.


Abstract In the mid-1990s, biologists conducting assessments of fish stocks in Lake Ontario reported finding alewives Alosa pseudoharengus, rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax, and juvenile lake trout Salvelinus namaycush at greater depths than in the mid-1980s. To determine if depth distributions shifted coincident with the early 1990s colonization of Lake Ontario by exotic Dreissena mussels, we calculated mean depth of capture for each of the three species during trawl surveys conducted annually during 1978–1997 and examined the means for significant deviations from established patterns. We found that mean capture depth of alewives, rainbow smelt, and age-2 lake trout shifted deeper during the build up of the dreissenid population in Lake Ontario but that timing of the shift varied among seasons and species. Depth shifts occurred first for rainbow smelt and age-2 lake trout in June 1991. In 1992, alewives shifted deeper in June followed by age-2 lake trout in July–August. Finally, in 1993 and 1994, the distrib...


The present study was designed to investigate the ways in which notions of semantics and phonology are acquired by adult naive learners of American Sign Language (ASL) when they are first exposed to a set of simple signs. First, a set of ASL signs was tested for nontransparency and a set of signs was selected for subsequent use. Next, a set of semantically related English words and a set of phonologically related English words were generated and paired with each of the signs selected earlier. In the experiment reported here, participants were taught pairs of sign–English word translations. Subsequently, they were then engaged in a translation recognition task in which foils were semantically related, phonologically related, or completely unrelated to the corresponding translations. Interference in performing the recognition task (i.e., the foil conditions) indicated that participants had encoded various features of the sign–word combinations after a single learning session. Results are discussed with regard to bilingual memory representations as well as to ASL acquisition.


Mexico City, the capital of Mexico, is located on the Southern-Central part of the country and it is one of the most important megalopolis in the world. This city lies within the Distrito Federal, bordering with the state of Mexico on the north, east and west and with the state of Morelos on the south. It is one of the 32 political divisions of Mexico and the smallest one, comprising an area of 1,485 km2 (Fig. 1). Mexico City belongs to the Basin of Mexico together with parts of the states of Hidalgo, Puebla, Tlaxcala and Mexico. Mexico City and the rest of the metropolitan area is one of the largest cities in the world with more than 30 million inhabitants (INEGI, 2010), just behind Tokyo, Japan and forward New York and the Philadelphia area, USA (34.3 and 22 respectely; Brinkhoff, 2011). The rapid growth of its population has led to the loss of original habitats and to the transformation of natural sites and therefore and in spite of being considered as a region with high levels of biodiversity to the local extinction of wildlife species. Mammals are one of the most important components of biodiversity, particularly in Mexico. Several inventories and studies have reported the occurrence of mammals in the Valley of Mexico in the past years. Some of the most remarkable contributions to this subject are by far those of Villa-R (1952) and Hall (1981). However, important mammalian information for the Valley of Mexico was also gathered by Ceballos & Galindo (1984) and Villa & Cervantes (2003). Moreover, the paper published by Ramirez-Pulido et al. (1986) more than a quarter of a century ago about mammals of the Distrito Federal contributed important information to the knowledge of the species richness of local mammals species. In addition, several papers reports on mammals collected in diverse areas of the Distrito Federal (Lopez-Forment, 1989; Sanchez et al., 1989; Negrete, 1991; Negrete & Soberon, 1994; Castro-Campillo, 1992; Chavez & Ceballos, 1992, 1994; Chavez, 1993 a, b; Alvarez et al., 1994; Monroy et al., 1999; CONANP-SEMARNAT, 2006; Navarro, et al., 2007; Barcenas & Medellin, 2007; Gomez-Jimenez, 2009). Research papers referriing especially to particular taxonomic groups (Villa-R, 1966; Alvarez & Ramirez-Pulido, 1972; Polaco et al., 2002; Carraway, 2007) also mentioned the presence of mammals in Mexico City and confirmed the outstanding contribution of mammals to the biodiversity of the Distrito Federal. Despite this large number of reports, the available information on mammals of Mexico City was scattered and incomplete. Therefore, in order to properly documents the species


Human activities influence ant community structure. In tropical areas, the habitat characteristics of crop plantations frequently shape the structure of arboreal ant communities. The present study investigated the spatial distribution of arboreal ants dwelling in durian Durio zibethinus and citrus Citrus amblycarpa plantations in the Tarakan Island, North Kalimantan. Specifically, it was investigated whether ant communities are dominated by native or invasive species; and if ant arboreal mosaics occur. This study included two sites (A and C) comprising durian and citrus plantations and one site B with only citrus plantations. Ant workers dwelling on crop trees were collected by branch beating, and subsequently identified and counted. Across all sites, a total of 64,360 workers, from 22 ant species, were collected from 59 durian and 63 citrus trees. In site A, the invasive species Tapinoma melanocephalum and the native species Oecophylla smaragdina were numerically dominant. A null model analysis of species co-occurrence revealed that species segregation existed in this site. Conversely, in sites B and C the invasive species T. melanocephalum and Technomyrmex albipes were dominant, and native arboreal ants almost co-occurred with the two species. Moreover, the number of T. melanocephalum and T. albipes workers was negatively correlated with the species diversity index of arboreal ants. However, the number of O. smaragdina workers showed no significant correlation. The results suggest that the invasion and domination of non-native species dissasemble spatial structures and reduce the species diversity in arboreal ant communities. The community structures of arboreal ants in fruit plantations were varied, depending on the fruit species and the properties of dominant ants.


This paper describes an integrated MMW radar and GPS/road-map system for autonomous on-road navigation. The radar sensor has a range of approximately 200 metres and uses a linear array of receivers and wavefront reconstruction techniques to compute range and bearing of objects within the field of view. It is integrated with a carrier phase GPS/road-map system to accurately detect and classify obstacles in the environment with respect to the driving lane of the vehicle.


published in 1943, Fogo Morto is a novel that, according to Jose Aderaldo Castello, synthecizes the whole previous work of Jose Lins of Rego. In the book in question, the author introduced an important moment of brazilian politics history: the plot takes place in 1911/1912, during the oligarch republic, period in which the colonels kept the control of the electoral process. But the change signals already had started to appear with the election of Hermes da Fonseca for president of the republic, in 1910, when was implemented the "salvation politics". In the ficcional world created by Jose Lins do Rego, it has three great characters – colonel Lula de Holanda, Jose Amaro and Vitorino Carneiro da Cunha - that they represent three types of speeches: of the huge ones, of the shady and the quixotic ones and that they become related of sufficiently tense form in this environment of politics agitation. Moment of succession of the state government, where the colonels, heads of political parties, organized its "electoral corrals" to guarantee the victory of the candidate that they supported. Made these comments, with this study, our interest is to analyze the way for which the novelist configured the question of the vote of muzzle in inside of this novel. Better saying, as a external factor - the moment of the country politics history - became intern, in the words of Antonio Candido.


This paper reports on the first Oromo-English CLIR system that is based on dictionary-based query translation techniques. The basic objective of the study is to design and develop an OromoEnglish CLIR system with a view to enable Afaan Oromo speakers to access and retrieve the vast online information sources that are available in English by using their own (native) language queries. We describe the major approaches and procedures that have been used in designing and developing Oromo-English CLIR system together with the information retrieval evaluation experiments recently conducted at CLEF 2006 ad hoc track. The purpose of the current initial evaluation experiments was to assess the over all performance of the Oromo-English CLIR system by using different fields of Afaan Oromo topics. Thus we submitted three official runs (experiments) that differed in terms of utilized fields in the topic set, i.e. title run (OMT), title and description run (OMTD), and title, description and narration run (OMTDN) to CLEF 2006. Since appropriate online language processing resources and information retrieval tools are not available for Afaan Oromo, only limited linguistic resources such as OromoEnglish dictionary and Afaan Oromo stemmer that had been designed and developed at our research center were used in conducting the experiments. Yet we found the performances of our evaluation experiments at CLEF 2006 very encouraging which is a good news for development and application of CLIR systems in other indigenous African languages.


Rollout of the COVID-19 vaccine around the world comes as welcome news after the devastation of the last 12+ months. Although it is unclear when and how rollout will take place in South Africa, we are still at the precipice of the new norm. Despite the unknowns, you can expect that when the vaccine does become available there will be both a sense of urgency to administer and a reluctance to receive the vaccine from patients. To ensure your medical practice is ready from the get-go, we've put together some tips for getting vaccine ready.


HONORED SPEAKER PRESENTATION ECT in the 21st Century: Deconstructing the Past, Recognizing Core Values. Charles Kellner, MD. UMDNJ—New Jersey Medical School, Newark. The antidepressant efficacy of ECT remains unsurpassed and technical improvements have made it safer and better tolerated than in the past. Despite this, the procedure remains a lightening rod for protest and criticism. Why have we failed to change public attitude about ECT? In this presentation, I share a view of contemporary ECT practice and research, highlighting gaps in our knowledge and suggesting reasons for the ongoing stigmatization of ECT. Using examples from practice, education and research, I will attempt to make the case that the field has failed the procedure, not vice versa, as stated many years ago by Pippard and Ellam. Why are ECT utilization data so hard to come by? Why is certification not required? Why are there no widely accepted, satisfactory bedside cognitive assessments? Are we being transparent about adverse effects? Is the informed consent procedure adequate? The current state of affairs, though vastly better than at any prior time, could be improved. We have the means to do so. References 1. Pippard J, Ellam L. Electroconvulsive treatment in Great Britain. London: England, Gaskell; 1981. A Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial of ECT vs rTMS for Major Depressive Disorder: Interim Results. Declan M. McLoughlin, Andrew Mogg, Savitha Eranti, Graham Pluck, and Richard Brown. Section of Old Age Psychiatry and Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom. Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) uses electromagnetic induction to stimulate the brain and rTMS of the prefrontal cortex has an antidepressant effect. Not surprisingly, rTMS is being considered as a potential alternative to ECT for patients with severe depression. This study compares the antidepressant effects of rTMS with ECT. Methods: 30 right-handed patients with major depressive disorder (DSM-IV) have so far been randomly allocated to receive either a 15-day course of rTMS (applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; 20 trains per day, 5 seconds treatment at 10 Hz, 110% of motor threshold) or a course of bilateral ECT (stimulus dosing method, course length decided by referring physician). The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) were used to follow treatment response. Raters were blind to the treatment received. Results: There was a significant reduction in HDRS scores over the treatment period in both groups (repeated measures ANOVA time effect df 1,27, F = 19.0 P < 0.001) with no significant difference between the ECT (n = 12) and rTMS (n = 18) groups (group by time effect P = 0.14). Similarly, the BDI scores decreased over the treatment period (repeated measures ANOVA time effect df 1,24 F = 16.7 P < 0.001) but there was no significant difference between the groups. Conclusions: These preliminary data suggest that ECT and rTMS can both reduce depressive symptoms. In addition, the rTMS treatment course was safe and well tolerated. Recruitment for this trial has not been completed to satisfy the power requirements of the design. Therefore it is not yet possible to establish whether rTMS may be equivalent in effectiveness to ECT. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation vs. Electroconvulsive Therapy for Major Depression: Preliminary Results of a Randomized Trial. Philip Janicak, MD, Dennis Beedle, MD, S.M. Dowd, B. Martis, D. Alam, J. Krasuski, M.J. Strong, R. Sharma, C. Rosen, and M. Viana. University of Illinois College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, Illinois. Many severely depressed patients do not benefit from or tolerate existing treatments. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been reported to benefit depression. We compared rTMS to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in a more severely ill, depressed group. Thirty-one patients ranging in age from 18 to 72, with a major depression (unipolar or bipolar) deemed clinically appropriate for ECT, were randomly assigned to rTMS (10–20 treatments, 10 Hz, 110% motor threshold applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for a total of 10,000 to 20,000 stimulations) or a course of bitemporal ECT (4–12 treatments). The primary outcome measure was the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMS) and Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI) were secondary measures. Minimal rescue medications were utilized. Mean percent improvement on the baseline HDRS score did not significantly differ between the two treatments (ie, 51% for the rTMS group versus 69% for the ECT group (p=ns)). With response defined as a 50% reduction from baseline and a final score 8 on the HDRS, there was also no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: A 2to 4-week randomized, prospective trial comparing rTMS to ECT produced comparable therapeutic effects in severely depressed patients. A Critical Review of TMS Antidepressant Mechanisms of Action. Mark S. George, MD. Over 20 randomized controlled trials have now established that daily repeated prefrontal TMS for several weeks has antidepressant effects. However, much less is understood about the mechanisms by which TMS changes mood. The clinical depression trials to date have stayed within a rather narrow range of potential use parameters used in the first clinical trial, with all studies using prefrontal stimulation over either the right or left prefrontal cortex, with either a round or figure-eight coil. Definitive comparative studies are lacking comparing different use parameters. Examining across the literature, treatment with more overall pulses, and higher intensity, produces large antidepressant effects. There is a controversial literature concerning whether prefrontal TMS can modify mood in healthy adults, with three early studies finding effects, two failed replications, and a more recent study (Paus et al, in press) again finding that TMS over the different prefrontal hemispheres can modify mood. The general theory in my mind and others when we began using prefrontal TMS as a depression treatment was that repeated subconvulsive stimulation of prefrontal cortex would cause local changes as well as affect connected deeper limbic regions involved in mood regulation. A series of PET as well as fMRI studies in both healthy adults and those with depression (Li et al, Biological Psychiatry, in press) have now established that prefrontal TMS causes changes locally and in mood regulating circuits. Animal models using direct electrical stimulation in prefrontal cortex in a manner similar to what is presumably happening in human TMS have also shown prefrontal-limbic relationships. 56 J ECT • Volume 20, Number 1, March 2004 It has been assumed that TMS antidepressant effects arise from the induced electrical currents in cortex, and not from the exposure to magnetic fields. A recent study finding antidepressant effects of specific MRI sequences, confirmed in animal studies, again raises the question of whether the induced currents are the necessary antidepressant mechanism (Renshaw et al, ACNP Abstracts, 2003). Animal studies of TMS also provide some clues regarding antidepressant effects, including changes in monoamines. Unfortunately, animal studies of TMS as an antidepressant struggle with the technical difficulty of stimulating very small regions of cortex with current coil technology, in a manner scalable to what is happening in man. There is also evidence that TMS changes neurohormones and affects the HPA axis, as well as for TMS having anticonvulsant effects. In summary, much work remains to understand how TMS acts to treat depression and change mood in health, without causing a seizure. Better understanding of this translational process will likely lead to more effective methods of performing TMS for the treatment of depression. References 1. Kozel FA, George MS. Meta-analysis of left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to treat depression. J Psychiatric Practice. 2002;8:270–275. 2. George MS, Wassermann EM, Williams WA, et al. Daily repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) improves mood in depression. NeuroReport. 1995;6:1853–1856. 3. George MS, Wassermann EM, Williams WA, et al. Differential prefrontal lobe rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in depression: preliminary observations. APA New Res Abstr. 1995;139–NR 313. 4. Gershon AA, Dannon PN, Grunhaus L. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160:835– 845. 5. Padberg F, Zwanzger P, Keck ME, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in major depression: relation between efficacy and stimulation intensity. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2002;27:638–645. 6. George MS, Wassermann EM, Williams WA, et al. Changes in mood and hormone levels after rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the prefrontal cortex. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1996;8:172– 180. 7. Martin JD, George MS, Greenberg BD, et al. Mood Effects of prefrontal repetitive high-frequency TMS in healthy volunteers. CNS Spectrums. 1997;2:53–68. 8. Pascual-Leone A, Catala MD, Pascual AP. Lateralized effect of rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of the prefrontal cortex on mood. Neurology. 1996;46:499–502. 9. Mosimann UP, Rihs TA, Engeler J, et al. Mood effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of left prefrontal cortex in healthy volunteers. Psychiatry Res. 2000;94:251–256. 10. George MS, Wassermann EM. Rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and ECT. Convulsive Ther. 1994;10:251–253. 11. Paus T, Castro-Alamancos MA, Petrides M. Cortico-cortical connectivity of the human mid-dorsolateral frontal cortex and its modulation by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Eur J Neurosci. 2001;14:14


tration due to a variety of factors among which are steadily rising production costs and a declining revenue from sales.' This indicates that political and economic factors will be of importance in the author's analysis, but does not go very far. The essay presents indeed a large quantity of factual information, but stops short of analysing it in more than immediately obvious ways. The author writes in his concluding paragraph: 'Few of these questions can be discussed without entering into a wider debate on the role of the media in society and of such concepts as freedom, impartiality and objectivity.' What this book offers is a stimulus to wider debate, and information on which to base it and, to be fair, this is the overall aim of the series: 'Studies in Contemporary Europe'. The editors define it thus: 'to examine some of the major economic, social and political developments of the past twenty-five years in Europe as a whole, considering the problems and opportunities facing Europe and its citizens today'. This volume avoids close examination of problems these developments raise, but it does present the descriptive basis for discussion in a brief and very readable form.


Despite increased aƩenƟon paid to the advent and development of state merit scholarship policies (such as Georgia's Helping Outstanding Pupils EducaƟonally) and some evidence that suggests differences in scholarship retenƟon by socioeconomic status or other student characterisƟcs, liƩle empirical work has explored factors affecƟng scholarship retenƟon. Moreover, no work has explored what affects the Ɵming of scholarship loss. This study employs event history modeling to ascertain not only what factors impact students' retenƟon of the West Virginia PROMISE Scholarship but also when these factors are most influenƟal.


A method using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) with a UV detector was developed and applied to the determination of the specific migration of melamine in molded melamine-formaldehyde materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs.The sample was isolated on an amino column using acetonitrile and water as the mobile phase,and detected with an ultraviolet detector at the wavelength of 214 nm.The method has a good linearity in the range from 0.05 μg/mL to 200 μg/mL(r=0.9998) and the detection limit is 0.025 μg/mL.The recoveries of melamine are in the range of 87.8%~95.1%,with the relative standard deviation less than 1%.The method is capable of determining melamine at the limitation level of 1.0 mg/kg in food contact materials and articles.The method has been applied to the determination of melamine in molded melamine-formaldehyde materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs with satisfactory results.


Background: The use of fish embryos for toxicity testing (FET) is under consideration as an alternative to traditional acute fish toxicity tests. For the past two years, a marine fish embryo test (mFET) has been under development in our laboratory as a routine ecotoxicological test for risk assessment of potential contaminants around the Qatari coastal area. Objective: The objectives of this study were to: a) develop and use a flow-through system to optimize the mFET test conditions to maintain stable concentration of volatile compounds; b) correlate the flow-through mFET to the conventional acute fish test; c) investigate changes in sensitivity of Arabian Killifish embryos to toxicity of chlorine-produced oxidants under flow-through conditions compared to the previous static mFET. Methods: The flow-through system was carried out using custom designed glass chambers. Peristaltic pumps were used to ensure constant flow conditions. To investigate the effect of the flow-through mFET on toxicity of chlorine, ...


We appreciate the insightful reply provided by Airagnes et al addressing our recent article published in the January 2020 issue of Addiction. These researchers correctly noted that we did not consider the role of smoking history in our analyses, such that the e-cigarette use only group included both former and never cigarette smokers (www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/ tobacco/tobacco_glossary.htm). Many individuals use e-cigarettes to reduce or eliminate their cigarette use (1), and these users may show different risk profiles than do e-cigarette users with no history of cigarette use. Indeed, Airagnes et al conducted analyses of the French nationally representative CONSTANCES cohort. They further stratified their groups by history of combustible cigarette use (i.e., former versus never smoker), and found that e-cigarette use did not predict lower alcohol use quantity within former and current smokers. Based on these interesting findings, the authors cautioned against advocating that e-cigarettes may be more favorable than combustible cigarettes in terms of alcohol use risk. To further examine the role of combustible cigarette smoking history in the association between e-cigarette and alcohol use, we reanalyzed the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) data accounting for past combustible cigarette use by grouping participants according to their smoking history (i.e., former smoker versus never smoker), resulting in a stratification method identical to that used by Airagnes et al (never smokers [ref], former smokers/current nonuser, e-cigarette user/never smoker, e-cigarette user/former smoker, e-cigarette non-user/current cigarette user, dual user). Groups were compared on past month total drinks, controlling for all variables included in our original models. Similar to Airagnes et al's findings, all exposure groups reported higher rates of alcohol use compared to never smokers (adjusted rate ratio [aRR] = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.55; 1.95, p < 0.001, aRR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.19; 2.27, p = 0.003, aRR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.52; 2.48, p < 0.001, aRR = 2.38, 95% CI = 2.07; 2.72, p < 0.001, aRR = 2.57, 95% CI = 2.12; 3.11, p < 0.001, respectively).


[EMBARGOED UNTIL 8/1/2023] This dissertation aimed to extend previous genetic and neurobiological studies of the shared etiology of impulsive personality traits (IPTs), alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder (AUD). The overarching goals were to (1) leverage advanced multivariate genome-wide association study (GWAS) approaches to improve current models of neurogenetic liability for IPTs using a dual-systems framework (e.g., top-down lack of self-control, and bottom-up sensation seeking and urgency), and (2) apply improved genetic liability models and polygenic scoring (PGS) techniques to the prediction of changes in binge drinking in developmentally relevant longitudinal samples. Study 1 included several structural, stratified, and genome-wide association analyses using epigenetic, transcriptomic, and neuroimaging datasets. Analyses and data were used to construct and investigate converging and discriminating evidence of dual-systems IPT genetic factor models and shared neurogenetic architecture with alcohol consumption and AUD. GWAS summary statistics generated in Study 1 were utilized in Study 2 to construct dual-systems IPT, alcohol consumption, and AUD PGS variables, which were then specified as predictors in longitudinal analyses of binge drinking progression in three independent longitudinal samples spanning adolescence to early adulthood. Results from Study 1 suggested distinct genetic architecture across tested dual-systems and alcohol use traits, though also indicated robust evidence of a neurobiologically defined shared genetic basis between sensation seeking and alcohol consumption. Study 2 results highlighted important associations between sensation seeking and alcohol consumption PGSs and trajectories of binge drinking across time and samples. In aggregate, these results represent novel findings regarding the genetic architecture of dual-systems IPT constructs and increase understanding of their relevance to alcohol use phenotypes.


1. Genre Paintings during Chosun Dynasty express well the clothing appearances. traditional styles and an aesthetic
 sense of the historical dress of both sexes from the aristocratic class to a lowly man.
 2. The length of JOGORI(Korean Jacket) became shorter and shorter gradually from to-the-waist early in that era, shortest
 during the year 1~, somewhat longer after the year 1920 and fixed to the shorter length, Le. 25-26 cm again, but
 sometimes long or short JOGORI was put on together even at the same time.
3. The change of collor(of coat) was to the half MOK-PAN-GIT, DANG-KQ-GIT and DONG- GEU-RE-GIT(roundish) in
 turn one after another from the MOK-PAN-GIT in the early era.
4. Sleeve was a square type with a straight under-part and wide cuff in the early era and became curved underpart and
 narrower cuff gradually with the lapse of time.
5. GYUT -MA-GI had a narrow upper part and broad lower part in the early era, but became straight line with it's upperpole toward lower part and shortened extremely there after.
6. JOGORI was extremely shortened.
7. SUP was a triangle type with broad lower part and became a smaller trapezoid type in the later period.
8. A long and broad GEEN-JA-RAK-CHIMA and a short TONG-CHIMA like DURUCHI or GED-DEUL -CHIMA were put
on together at the same time of the penod.
9. Adjustment of CHIMA had no distinction between the upper and lower classes but differred from each pedigree and an area to an area.
10. Beautiful CHIMA and JOGORI created the CLOTHING BEAUTY of "VOLUMINOUS BELOW-THINNER UPPER" type
which had expressed the charming sexual intrinsic nature.
As mentioned above, we can see that the transition pattern of women's basic costume- JOGRI and CHIMA-on Genre Paintings during Chosun Dynasty is coincident with the traditional styles in the records of literature and the relics preserved well in the house and observed even in the tombs.


Objective:To investigate the effect of microecopharm aceutics and glutamine enhanced microbial immune entreral nuetrition on postoperative stress status and immune function in colon cancer patients.Methods:102 cases of colorectal cancer patients were randomly divided into control group and immune microbial enteral nutrition group.The immune microbial nutrition was given to the study group.Before and after the first 3,7 days patients were measured in serum CRP and C3,C4,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+,IgG,IgM concentration.Results:The stress status CRP was lower in enhanced entreral netrition group than the normal group at the 7th day after operation(P0.05).And C3,C4,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+,IgG,IgM in study group were better than those in the control group.Conclusion:The microecpharm aceutics and glutamine enhanced microbial immune entreral nutrition could effectively reduce the stress status and improve immune function after operation of colon cancer patients.


Hallman, M. (Departments of Paediatrics, University of Helsinki and University of California, Irvine). The severity of RDS during the first two neonatal days in relationship to fluid intake. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 360: 93, 1989.


Digital product development is very rapid, this paper use engineering method to establish electronic product development model, and use Shift-share method to analysis decompose the economic capacity of the electronics industry, with the high level of industrial economic quantity Comparative analysis of the overall strength of the digital industry. Shift-share model with a comprehensive economic assessment, and put forward development proposals of corresponding electronic products.


In electrical insulation material designing, treeing is an electrical pre-breakdown marvel in strong protection. Treeing is a typical breakdown component and wellspring of electrical deficiencies in insulation of electrical applications protection. Moreover, water treeing is a diffuse part of the way conductive 3D crest-like a shape inside the utilized dielectrics in covered or water-drenched electrical applications. Nanotechnology techniques have been enhancing the dielectric strength performance with respect to traditional dielectrics. Therefore, this chapter discusses the treeing mechanisms in theoretical models for various nanodielectrics insulation materials. Water treeing in nanodielectrics is also addressed. Furthermore, this chapter contains forecast and recommendations to enhance insulation performance of electrical applications.