Shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS) can effectively overcome strong fluorescence interference in soil specimens. Besides the identification of soil mineral constituents, SERDS enables the quantification of the soil organic matter and the carbonate content.


The average properties of many turbulent flows are remarkably reproducible, yet the detailed flows are never the same. Here necessary conditions are found for the stability of a statistically steady state with ideal reproducibility. The examples explored in this paper are the symmetry breaking large scale flows observed in high Rayleigh number Boussinesq convection. A necessary condition found is that an integral function of convective and advective local averages must be a maximum, selecting among the possible solutions. Although these many solutions may not be determined in this century, an estimate from above of this maximum can be sought among the class of vector fields compatible with derived integral constraints and the boundary conditions. The condition for statistical stability found here permits a first determination of a unique relation between the large scale mean flows and the heat flux without the introduction of empirical parameters. It is found that statistical stability at large Rayleigh n...


The most widely used of all modalities in physical therapy is the use of electrical modalities for both diagnosis and treatment. This pocket reference provides the set-up protocols needed to use the modality effectively. All clinical protocols are based on research and clinical experience and are presented in an easy-to-read format.


A new method for fault diagnosis of diesel locomotive combustion system has been proposed.The conditions of combustion system are in relation to the diesel power,fuel consumption rate,fuel pressure,turbocharging pressure and exhaust temperature.The measuring and calculation of the parameters are introduced.The fault diagnosis results of combustion system are obtained by using momentum backpropagation(MOBP) and variable learning rate back-propagation(VLBP).The method is proved to be effective by examples.


The construction of southeast coastal and important economic zone environment geology information management system is the project all kinds of graphic data and survey data and related document arrangement,analysis and classification,through the demand analysis and design the system internal database of information in order to regulate the entry and management,in view of the attribute data,spatial data and the characteristics of the document's data combined with development way,and based on the secondary development of GIS complete spatial data entry and query.Information management system is composed of a boot interface,two main operation interface and ten function modules,and every module to have a unique operation interface and function.


BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disease that seriously endangers the health of mothers and children. It is important to monitor GDM in real-time before diagnosis and to prevent it effectively. OBJECTIVE: GDM was divided into the second trimester diagnosed diabetes mellitus (GDM_24) and the third trimester diagnosed diabetes mellitus (GDM_30). The risk prediction of two types of GDM was performed in normal pregnant women at 11–13 and 16–19 weeks of pregnancy, respectively. METHODS: By stages, the K-W test was used to analyze the differences between basic information and energy metabolism factors, and multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the risk of energy metabolism factors and to correct the confounders with significant differences. RESULTS: For the GDM_24 group, each additional unit of oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production, and resting energy expenditure (REE) increased the risk by 2.4%, 3.5%, 0.4%, and 2.1%, 2.6%, and 0.3%, respectively, at 11–13 and 16–19 weeks of pregnancy. For the GDM_30 group, each additional unit of VO2 and REE was associated with an increased risk of 2.3% and 0.3%, respectively, at 16–19 weeks of pregnancy. CONCLUSION: The risk of GDM_30 only appeared in pregnant women during 16–19 weeks of pregnancy, which may indicate that GDM_24 and GDM_30 have different pathogenesis.


The increase in the generation of solid waste occurs simultaneously with the demographic growth, this excessive generation becomes a constant problem to be controlled by diverse sectors of the society. In the city of Macapá there are numerous basins of water accumulation, influenced by the regime of the tides, the rivers and the rains, these environments are known locally with areas of hangover. The irregular occupation of these environments generates several problems of socioenvironmental and public health scopes, since they are spaces that do not receive sanitation and aiming at this problem, the present work proposes the creation and implementation of a solid waste management plan with the purpose of minimizing the generation of garbage and raise awareness of the population. From this, on-site visits were carried out in two areas of hangover located in different districts of the city, to recognize and analyze the study area and to begin drawing up the plan. It was noted that the absence of garbage collection in the study areas, causes a monthly accumulation of 3,650 tons of garbage, thus, it is necessary to carry out a solid waste management plan that covers all hangover areas of the state, paying destination for this waste.


Vocational evaluators must work with a very diverse set of people. The purpose of this
article is to provide practical guidance to evaluate people from eight special populations
(i.e., deaf and hard of hearing, blind and low vision, deafblind, homeless, older adults,
speakers of other languages, substance use, and youth in transition). The eight
populations are grouped according to two causalities: (a) body functions and (b)
structural or environmental factors with the exception of substance users and youth in
transition which are affected by both causalities. Regardless of cause, all of the groups
discussed experience difficulties with day-to-day activities and community participation,
including employment. Using a mini-case study approach the authors describe the
population, offer a case that represents some of the critical elements, discuss a course of
action, and present additional tips.


Optimization of mobile networks is a crucial task for operators aiming to offer a high quality of service. In this paper, we focus on the handover (HO) problem. An HO is the procedure through which a user changes its serving cell, ensuring service continuity for mobile users. The HO procedure is typically governed by several variables: the received signals powers and the HO parameters (offsets and hysteresis) corresponding to the different cells. HO parameters allow to modify the cell borders in order to balance loads, and prevent radio link failures and HO ping-pongs. There are two approaches for defining HO parameters: one is to use per-cell parameters and the other is to use per-cell-pair parameters. Per-cell-pair parameters provide more degrees of freedom in HO parameter optimization as we benefit from independent parameters for each neighbour. However, we show that it can lead to instabilities in the form of continuous chained HO, i.e., several HOs that follow one shortly after another, among three or more cells. Then, we show that using the same HO parameters toward all neighbouring cells, i.e., per-cell parameters, is risk free of such problems. We provide numerical results outlining the tendencies of this risk.


Abstract Mantella aurantiaca is a small, bright orange, terrestrial amphibian that is endemic to the island of Madagascar. The species has attracted significant attention from herpetologists and captive breeders but relatively little effort has been given to its conservation in the wild. We surveyed 33 reported breeding localities of the species to determine sites of conservation importance and aspects of habitat use and seasonality. We found a total of 471 M. aurantiaca in 26 different localities, all of which were characterised by intact or degraded humid forest on sloping ground alongside temporary lentic ponds in narrow valleys. Additional monitoring at a single site revealed that adult M. aurantiaca predominantly used the ponds and surrounding humid forest habitat during the austral summer and moved upslope at the beginning of the austral winter. Effective conservation for this species should therefore include measures to safeguard both forest and aquatic habitat features. Although 62% of localities occurred in sites with a positive conservation status (provisional protected areas or Ramsar sites), there is currently heavy pressure from artisanal mining, logging and agriculture in these areas. Because a further 15% of sites occur on land due to be impacted by mining and an additional 23% were at sites without any biodiversity management, the future of M. aurantiaca in the wild is precarious. A species conservation strategy is therefore needed to produce a cohesive plan for the future which aims to secure as many sites as possible for conservation.


The rotational analysis of a new band at 7572 A in the high-temperature thermal emission spectrum obtained with platinum in a King furnace has been carried out. The agreement of the ground-state combination differences with those obtained from the A 1II, B 1Σ+-X 1Σ+ systems show that the band is the 0-0 band of a transition A' 1II-X 1Σ+ in PtC. Constants for A' (195PtC) are as follows: T00 = 13195.67 cm-1, B0 = 0.5038 ± 0.0002 cm-1 D0 = (0.55 ± 0.03) × 10-6 cm-1, r0 = 1.721 A.


Jacques Henriot asserts that the game refers to one and the same idea. He believes in a semantic core, a common element, a "unity of the game" among the diversity of games. This "common denominator", as Caillois puts it, is what makes all types of games playable. This semantic core is, according to our reading of Henriot, the "distance" that defines the function of play, for the idea of play must first be understood in a mechanical way. Play is above all that emptiness which allows us to say that there is play: in the parts of a gear, in the joints, in a hinge, etc. Playing is then considered as a dialectical operation that puts the player at a distance. The form of the game is this distance, this interval that allows the game to exist for a player. The "distance" is thus a key concept to understand Henriot's conception of the game, but instead of approaching the "distance" from a psychoanalytical point of view, we propose to define this concept starting from the concept of "virtuality" in order to fully grasp the richness of Henriot's thinking.


Localization of near-field sources requires sophisticated estimation algorithms. In this paper, we propose an unconditional maximum likelihood method for estimating direction of arrival and angle parameters of near-field sources. However, calculation of ML estimation from the corresponding likelihood function results in a difficult nonlinear constraint optimization problem. We therefore employed an expectation/maximization iterative method to obtain ML estimates. The most important feature of the EM algorithm is that it decomposes the observed data into its components and then estimates the parameters of each signal component separately providing a computationally efficient solution to the resulting optimization problem.


Bretherton et al. (1992) have pointed out that for most problems involving interseasonal and longer timescale variability of the atmosphere and oceans, prefiltering data is necessary for canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to perform comparably to certain other multivariate statistical schemes like singular value decomposition. This approach to CCA for climate problems was first suggested by Barnett and Preisendorfer (1987, hereafter BP), who filtered multiple fields of time series by replacing them with a truncated set of their principal components (PCs). Subsequent to its introduction, the BP method was applied extensively to linear climate prediction at the National Weather Service (Barnston 1994), which in turn has led to several further applications, both published (Barnston and Smith 1996, hereafter BS; He and Barnston 1996; Barnston and He 1996) and in progress. The CCA procedure produces an orthogonal hierarchy of predictor–predictand pattern pairs that represent in turn the maximum amount of cross correlation between the predictor and predictand fields, the second largest portion, etc. The transformation matrix relating the ordered predictor and predictand patterns can be used to optimally linearly specify the latter from the former. Its use (specifically the BP method) was adopted by us to address variants of the specification (i.e., simultaneous relationships) problems studied by BS (see Smith and Livezey 1998, hereafter SL, and Livezey and Smith 1998, hereafter LS2). In the course of this work it became apparent that the application of PC prefiltering


The University of Houston Libraries previously had no data surrounding the environmental sustainability of its digital preservation program. We set out to gather this data and package it in a way that can be communicated easily to stakeholders such as Libraries administration. Additionally,
 we explore ways that the digital preservation program could become more environmentally sustainable in the future, and we provide actionable recommendations that other digital preservationists can quickly and easily implement to reduce the carbon footprint of their organization's digital preservation
 program.


The paper publishes some previously neglected investigations of the multiplier concept by Giblin and Brigden in 1929. It contrasts their 1929 conception of the multiplier with the theoretical machinery of the General Theory. It shows that while developing this machinery Keynes twice parried Giblin's attempt to air with him the multiplier concept.


A number of different continuous time approaches that have been developed to model the term structure of interest rates are examined. These techniques span the interest rate literature over the last 20 years or so, and are the most commonly used among both academics and practitioners. We view this paper as a reference for the different term structure models, aiming to bring together the three most commonly used approaches, emphasizing their differences, analysing their respective advantages and disadvantages, and with explicit representations where they exist for prices of discount bonds.


St. Bonaventure paid lavish tribute to Hugh of St. Victor, both explicitly by name and implicitly through the respectful appropriation of some aspects of his work. Ironically, the Franciscan's most famous explicit tribute is within an implicit but substantial departure from Hugh's way of organizing theology. Both authors, even where they differ from each other, can help us moderns, or post-moderns, recover a unity to theology, indeed a cohesion to knowledge in general. My purpose here is basically to join in Bonaventure's appreciation for Hugh, and tangentially to point out one way they diverged. Whatever post-modern theology turns out to be, it now seems clear that in the modern twentieth century most theological work was plagued by fragmentation into sub-specialties: biblical, historical, systematic, and practical, to name four departments, not to mention liturgical, spiritual, moral and political. Such scholarly specializations have worked against curricular coherence in theological education, and thus against integrated or holistic ministry. Over fifty years ago, Joseph Sittler warned seminary faculties about "the maceration of the minister,"1 but we have pursued our separate sub-disciplines nonetheless. Pre-modern theology holds up some helpful models of authors who held together Bible and doctrine and liturgy and so on, in a well-balanced whole, with effective ministry as the result. Everyone appreciates the interdisciplinary breadth of a bishop like Augustine, or of an Old Testament professor like Martin Luther, or of polymaths like Hildegard of Bin-


The invention discloses a synthesis method of 6alpha-methylprednisolone. A compound I used as an initial raw material is subjected to etherification, methynation, hydrogenation, fermentation dehydrogenation, bromination and debromination to obtain the 6alpha-methylprednisolone. The reaction route is disclosed in the specification. Compared with the prior art, the synthesis method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of short synthesis route, high yield, environment friendliness and high production sustainability, can easily implement mass production, has very high commercial value, and is an excellent 6alpha-methylprednisolone synthesis scheme.


A first filter further JPEG compression method is proposed to eliminate the Relevance discrepancy in the digital image with noise. The experimental results show that it can reduce the average code length while image object fidelity is superior to the classical JPEG compression method. It also demonstrated that this algorithm has some advantages that codec process being simple, fast and less error.


Hydrothermal fields on the Valu Fa Ridge at about 22°32′S, 176°43′W, were explored by the submersible Nautile during the French BIOLAU expedition in 1989. Pogonophorans were found during six of the 12 dives, at depths of about 1900 m. They were exposed to the influence of hydrothermal fluids but probably did not experience elevated temperatures. One new species of sediment-living perviate pogonophore was collected. Two new obturate pogonophores (vestimentiferans), one belonging to a new family, lived attached to hard substrata. There is a complete faunistic separation of the Lau Basin vestimentiferans from the eastern Pacific vent faunas. Families as well as genera are different, and the Lau species appear to have more in common with cold seep faunas.


This article reviews three topologies of monophasic synchronous reference frame PLL. A procedure to design the controller of the inner loop PLL is also suggested. The constant existing gap between the angle obtained by PLL and the angle of the input signal is analyzed. The three topologies are compared by a simulation performed on an input signal of a AC bus, with and without harmonic distortion. .


A direct link between cycle of periodic maintenance and effectiveness evaluation, Constructing the model of shop maintenance support and analyzing the effect of cycle of periodic maintenance with simulation based on the technology of petri net.The result shows that the prolong of cycle significantly improve the efficiency of shop maintenance and response to the activity,as well as relieving the pressure of Scheduling and providing the condition of reducing the scale of shop.


The stability of luminescence in pure water of surface-modified nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) particles has been studied. The surfaces of nc-Si particles were modified with more stable silicon-oxygen (Si-O) and silicon-carbon (Si-C) bonds by the formation of a thin native oxide layer and a hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) layer consisting of both disordered regions and graphite bands. The peak position of luminescence in pure water of the sample with the a-C:H layer was similar to that in the sample without the a-C:H layer. Moreover, the degradation rate of the luminescence intensity of the sample with the a-C:H layer was less than that of the sample without the a-C:H layer, for immersion in pure water above 100 h. The luminescence in pure water of the a-C:H coated sample could be seen with the naked eye even after aging for 200 h. The degradation of the luminescence in pure water can be improved remarkably by the formation of Si-O and Si-C bonds with strong bond strengths on the surfaces of the nc...


In this paper, we first prove relation between analytic and co-analytic part of the class harmonic univalent functions S_H(S):={f = h+\overline g|h is element of S} by means of second dilatation is constant. Next, we verify the coefficient conjecture of Clunie and Sheil-Small for class of harmonic univalent functions. Finally, we obtain distortion bounds of this class.


The present invention relates to a cleaning robot and a control method thereof, wherein the control method comprises: identifying the information of a predetermined running pattern; recognizing a path trajectory based on a running speed; generating a running pattern based on the recognized path trajectory and the predetermined running pattern; and repetitively running the generated running pattern at regular intervals, wherein the generated running pattern has a first turning path in which the cleaning robot turns in a first direction, a first path connected to the first turning path, and a second turning path which is connected to a second path and in which the cleaning robot turns in a second direction. The cleaning robot according to the present invention is able to perform cleaning without spilling dust so that the cleaning performance of the cleaning robot can be improved. In particular, the cleaning robot is able to perform wet-cleaning while driving the dust continuously. In addition, the stopping number of the cleaning robot at direction changing timings while the cleaning robot performs the cleaning is minimized so that cleaning time can be reduced, and, as a result, an initial coverage speed can be increased. Therefore, user satisfaction can be improved.


The digital revolution is the major cause of technological evolution in recent times. The Digital revolution is the technological advancement that affects the social lifestyle of common people. It is also the cause of economic mobilisation in the 21st century as it changed the way of business around the world. The purpose of this research is to determine the nature of the digital revolution and its extent in the contemporary world. This research also focuses on the different factors of the digital revolution that influenced the digitisation process. This study also sheds light on the role of innovation in the digital revolution and also focuses on different innovations that affect the digitisation procedure. This research also describes the main factors of digital evolution and the global impact of the digital revolution. A secondary qualitative design has been followed for conducting this research study that helps to understand the topic more prominently. Exploratory research type and interpretivism research philosophy are followed during the research study which enhances the effectiveness of the study and gives an insight idea about the topic. Thematic analysis in this context also helps to understand the topic deeply and makes research studies more effective and efficient. Keyword : Communication, Digital Revolution, Digitization, Internet, Technology.


Fruiting bodies of slime molds were collected intermittently from the field from 1990-2009. During the summers of 2007-2009 slime molds also were cultured in moist chambers from downed, decaying wood, dried deciduous leaf litter, and dried grass litter that was gathered three times each summer from four areas at each of the following six sites. Alabaugh Canyon and Boles/Redbird Canyons were dry, prairie/woodlands in Fall River and Custer Counties in the southern Black Hills. Pony Gulch and Spring Creek, in the central hills were moist, broad gulches in Pennington County, and the northern hills sites were Botany Bay and Grigg's Gulch, narrow, moist canyons in Lawrence County. Contents of a total of 648 cultures were examined. Presence of a species in a culture was considered to be a collection and some cultures contained more than one species. Eighty-two species from both field and culture surveys were identified, and 62 are considered as new records for the Black Hills, and 61 for western South Dakota. Six hundred fifty-seven collections representing 65 spe cies developed in culture included species from all orders of Myxomycetes. Only five species occurred at a relative abundance > 5% and 20 occurred only once. Four hundred eighty-three collections representing 54 species occurred on wood, 115 collections representing 29 species occurred on leaf litter, and 59 collections representing 10 species were on grass litter. Several species occurred on more than one substratum. The highest number, 178 collections and 39 species, oc curred on substrata from the Boles/Redbird Canyon site, the southwest dry, open prairie/woodland. The lowest number, 74 collections and 19 species, occurred on substrata from Grigg's Gulch, a northern, moist site with a high canopy cover. Fuligo megaspora was frequently collected from southern, dry sites.


Grey crystals on the bronze statue were analysed by XRF and XRD. They were identified as lead formate. It is recommended that the object be displayed or stored in an organic acid free environment after the crystals have been removed. Introduction: The bronze statue had been on display in gallery 69 where the showcases contain wood. Grey crystals were found to have grown all the way up his legs. Conservation of the object was required for a loan to China. Although most crystals were wiped off during transport to the metal workshop, the remaining patch of crystals, between the legs, was taken for analysis. Analysis: XRF was carried out for the compositional analysis and XRD for the identification of the phase of the crystals. Results: It was found by XRF that the main component of the grey crystals was lead. The diffraction pattern (film No 17404) was identified it as lead formate, C2H2PbO4, (ICDD No: 14-825). Conclusions: The grey crystals were identified as lead formate, which forms from the reaction of lead and formic acid. The source of formic acid was the wooden showcase material. It is recommended that the crystals should be removed and the object kept in an organic acid free environment.


This paper proposes and describes a new method for the production of Diisopropyl ether from the catalytic dehydration of isopropyl alcohol, using the technology of aerosol nanocatalysis on a vibrating fluidized bed. The catalyst used was NaX,which was later treated with ammonium nitrate,in order to increase its acidity and bridge the OH group, which in turn increased the bronsted acid sites. Parameters such as flowrate, temperature were varied while keeping the mechanical chemical activation frequency of vibration constant in order to understand the relationship between flow rate of reactants into the reactor and the mechanical chemical activation frequency so as to optimize conditions for the synthesis of Diisopropyl ether through catalytic dehydration of isopropyl alcohol.


Muhaammad Hayāt al-Sindī, the most eminent hadīth scholar in the Hijazi city of Madina in the first half of the eighteenth century, was one of the teachers of the controversial Najdī reformist Muhammad b. 'Abd al-Wah-hāb. Scholars of early modern Islamic thought disagree about al-Sindī's influence on Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhāb. In this article I present a brief study of the life and works of Hayāt al-Sindī, focusing on his approach to hadīth as a primary source of fiqh , his call for ijtihād , and his opposition to the legacy of the madhhab s and to the divisions caused by partisan adherence to the madhhab . Although he was influenced by the Hanbalī Ibn Taymiyya, Hayāt al-Sindī's outlook and methodology are closer to those of the classical ahl al-Hadīth . Like Hayāt al-Sindī, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhāb was critical of the established madhhabī system, disregarded the instruments of usūl al-fiqh , and appears to have been irreverent to the legacy of fiqh .


Measurement of soil respiration rate in different stage and different microhabitat of identical stage was carried out in degeneration vegetation recovery procedure in Huajiang typical karst district of southwest in Guizhou province.The results show that soil respiration rate gradually enhances along with the vegetation recovery procedure,namely the bare land stageherbaceous community stageshrubby community stage arboreal stage.The different microhabitat characteristic of soil respiration rate is different in the different stage,the bare land stage and herbaceous community stage stony gully is higher than the soil surface and stony pit,the shrubby community stage and arboreal stage is stony pit the highest,stony gully is the smallest.Different microhabitat type soil respiration in respectively stage daily variation rule is basically same.In one day the peak value nearly in noon 12 o'clock,the time which the minimum value appears respectively different.


The effect of ultra-violet irradiation (UV-C) on vitamin-C content in fresh cut tomatoes was investigated. Fresh tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) were blanched at 60c for 5 min and cut into equal size pieces. Tomatoes of 100g(Sample-A) exposed to UV-C of 254nm, 3.6 KJ for 5 minutes, and to sample B 5% of garlic was added as natural preservative, in addition to UV-C treatment. The sample-C was kept as control without any treatment. The mean vitamin-C content in sample A and B was significantly more than the sample C. The shelf life of sample A and B extended up to 45 days without deterioration. So UV energy can be used safely to extend the shelf-life of tomatoes.


The future of power system will be highly influenced by Microgrid and Smart Grid with renewable energy resources. A standalone Microgrid suffer by intermittent generation and lack of supply due to harsh environment condition. Demand Side Management (DSM) manipulates demand instead of generation to increase energy efficiency. The existing DSM is developed by utilities including financial incentive plan, load efficiency and etc. to improve load factor. These plans are required adjustment and improvement to meet vulnerable stand-alone system with limited source. Interactive demand responses with SMS and direct access to individual load are introduced for DSM. This work intentionally shows a vulnerable Microgrid system with limited source to highlight the DSM function. DSM controller modeled and simulated in Simulink. The proposed DSM module, isolate the loads based on predefined load priority. Different scenarios for generation units are simulated to test DSM action in different situation. It will reduce unnecessary investment to generation unit expansion and will improve load factor.


Submitted for the DAMOP15 Meeting of The American Physical Society Observation of intracluster Coulombic decay of Rydberg-like states triggered by intense near-infrared pulses BERND SCHÜTTE1, Imperial College London, MATHIAS ARBEITER, THOMAS FENNEL, Universität Rostock, Germany, GHAZAL JABBARI, KIRILL GOKHBERG, ALEXANDER I. KULEFF, Universität Heidelberg, Germany, MARC J.J. VRAKKING, ARNAUD ROUZÉE, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany — Interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) describes a process, where an excited atom relaxes by transferring its energy to an atom in the environment that gets ionized. So far, ICD has been observed following XUV ionization or excitation of clusters. Here we present novel results of an intracluster Coulombic decay mechanism induced by intense NIR pulses and following Rydberg atom formation in the generated nanoplasma. When a highlyexcited Rydberg atom relaxes to its ground state by transferring its excess energy to a weakly bound electron in the environment, electrons with kinetic energies close to the atomic ionization potential are emitted. We show evidence for such an intracluster Coulombic decay process that leaves clear signatures in the electron kinetic energy spectra. ICD is time-resolved in a pump-probe experiment, where a weak probe pulse depopulates the excited states, leading to a quenching of the ICD signal. We find a decay time of 87 ps, which is siginificantly longer than for previous ICD observations, where inner-shell holes were created by XUV pulses. Intracluster Coulombic decay is found to be a generic process that takes places in atomic and molecular clusters and at different wavelengths. It may play an important role in biological systems and in astronomical plasmas. 1Previous affiliation: Max-Born-Institut, Berlin, Germany Bernd Schütte Imperial College London Date submitted: 29 Jan 2015 Electronic form version 1.4


The synkinematic strata of the Kuqa foreland basin record a rich history of Cenozoic reactivation of the Palaeozoic Tian Shan mountain belt. Here, we present new constraints on the history of deformation in the southern Tian Shan, based on an analysis of interactions between tectonics and sedimentation in the western Kuqa basin. We constructed six balanced cross‐sections of the basin, integrating surface geology, well data and a grid of seismic reflection profiles. These profiles show that the Qiulitage fold belt on the southern edge of the Kuqa basin developed by thin‐skinned compression salt tectonics. The structural styles have been influenced by two major factors: the nature of early‐formed diapirs and the basinward depositional limit of the Kumugeliemu salt. Several early diapirs developed in the western Kuqa basin, soon after salt deposition, which acted to localize the subsequent shortening. Where diapirs had low relief and a thick overburden they tended to tighten into salt domes 3000–7000 m in height. Conversely, where the original diapirs had higher relief and a thinner overburden they tended to evolve into salt nappes, with the northern flanks of the diapirs thrusting over their southern flanks. Salt was expelled forward, up dip along the mother salt layer, tended to accumulate at the distal pinch‐out of Kumugeliemu salt located at the Qiulitage fold belt. Furthermore, the synkinematic strata (6–8 km thick) of the Kuqa basin indicate that during the Cenozoic reactivation of the Tian Shan, shortening of the western Kuqa basin was mainly in the hinterland until the early Miocene. Then, compression spread simultaneously southwards to the Dawanqi anticline, the Qiulitage fold belt and the southernmost blind detachment fold at the end of Miocene. The western Kuqa basin has a shortening of ca. 23 km. We consider that ca. 9 km was consumed from the end of the Miocene (5.2/5.8 Ma) to the early Pleistocene (2.58 Ma) and another ca. 14 km have been absorbed since then. Thus, we obtain a ca. 3.4/2.8 mm year−1 average shortening from 5.2/5.8 to 2.58 Ma, followed by a 60–90% increase in average shortening rate to ca. 5.4 mm year−1 since 2.58 Ma. This suggests that the reactivation of the modern Tian Shan has been accelerating up to the present day.


In this paper an analysis is made of the impact of emergency loading made by several inductive loads on the thermal ageing of a distribution transformer belonging to a private industrial client. The analyzed system is a fragment of an isolated electric grid in a Portuguese Island. A transformer thermal model is used to estimate the hot-spot temperature and top-oil temperature given the load ratio. Real data are used for the main inputs of the model, i.e., private industrial client load, transformer parameters and the characteristics of the factory. Finally, a smart transformer protection method is proposed by the authors with the aim of monitoring and protecting it from similar upcoming challenges.


The combination of interferometry and polarimetry (PolInSAR) is a promising candidate for estimating the snow volume using the Random Volume over Ground model (RVoG). The model was originally developed for forest height determination using L-band [1]. The adaption of the RVoG model to snow is not straight forward due to the thin volume of snow and the highly varying penetration depth of X-band microwaves. In this paper we show parameter ranges and recommendation where the RVoG model might work, together with results of interferometry (InSAR) and polarimetric SAR (Pol-InSAR) using TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X SAR acquisitions.


Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical presentation of mandibular impacted teeth and associated pathologies in Unaizah, Al Qaseem; Saudi Arabia. Original Research Article Shora et al.; JPRI, 33(19A): 49-55, 2021; Article no.JPRI.67156 50 Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS), King Saud Hospital Unaizah Saudi Arabia from March 2019 and December 2020. Methodology: The record of patients attending dental section was reviewed from hospital record. Demographic data of patients were recorded through medical record Number by Medicapluse software. Orthopantamograms (OPGs) xrays were reviewed by maxillofacial surgeons on Dell LCD using software IMPEX 220.127.116.1194 enterprise unlimited Agfa. The variables like presence of impacted tooth, type of angulations, reason for extraction, caries on distal surface of 2nd molar tooth, and occlusal or mesial surface of 3rd molar were examined on OPGs. Data was analyzed using SPSS version-21. Results: Males and females were 49% and 51% respectively. The most common type of impaction was vertical 45%, followed by horizontal 27% and mesio angular 22%. The impacted tooth on right side was observed as 51% and on left side as 49%. The relationship of gender with type of impaction was statistically insignificant (p value-0.157). The relationship was reasons and type of impaction was statistically insignificant (p value-0.317) Conclusion: the both genders were almost equally affected. Vertical Impactions were more frequent and the pericoronitis was common reason for extraction of mandibular third molar. The relationship of gender and type of impaction was not significantly associated with type of impaction.


The invention relates to a light bioreactor for culturing microalgae systematically, which comprises an in-parallel pipe group, a control valve, a pH value sensor, a temperature sensor, a light sensor, a water mist sprayer, a liquid level alarm, a pipe pump, an air inlet pipe, an exhaust pipe, a feed pipe, a discharge pipe, a microporous pipe, a liquid storage tank, a cool and heat exchanger, a control panel, a bracket, a lighting facility and the like, wherein the pipe group and the valve are effectively connected in a close way, specific surface area is enlarged simultaneously when the volume of microalgae is enlarged during culturing, and the invention has small ground occupation, effectively uses stereo space and has sufficient air exchange, and utilization rate is increased; during culturing, the invention monitors parameters such as temperature, pH value, concentration of a culture medium, lighting intensity, and the like in real time, provides the best condition for microalgae growth and metabolism, effectively reduces culturing time, avoids danger of outside harmful creatures, and decreases production cost. The bioreactor can be used for culturing microalgae cells in a continuous or semi-continuous way and producing microalgae protein, biodiesel or aquatic baits and other products.


Common practice is to perform steep-dip time migration followed by an image-ray correction. This paper examines the image-ray correction and finds it lacking. In particular, this correction is valid only for the small-dip portion of the migrated image.


work was a UV-pattemable sol-gel prepara- tion which was developed to produce integrated optic components for telecom applications [6]. The sol-gel precursors used in that prepara- tion were 3-(trimethaxysilyl)-propylmethacrjlate and zircaniumprap- oxide. Methacrylic acid was added to complex the zirconium precursor. The photoinitiator used for the radical polymerisation was Irgacure


For good reasons of interoperability and flexibility, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are accessed by remote clients via service-oriented interfaces. At the same time, it can be useful to let clients deploy custom sensing and processing tasks directly on the sensor nodes. However, this raises the issue of how the remote client application can interact with such a task, in parallel to conventional access of the WSN. We propose an approach for adopting a unified web-based interface for both information flows. This way, WSN clients do not have to deal with different interface technologies. Moreover, the gateway of the WSN can handle both flows using the same protocol translation engine. The paper presents our design, briefly discusses a first prototype implementation, and shows an indicative usage example.


Fingerprinting technique is one of the most widely used localization techniques in an indoor environment. This technique maps the most likely locations of the target, also referred to as Reference Points (RPs), with fingerprints of the Access Points (APs) collected at those RPs. A wireless fingerprint is a feature (such as RSS, Path-Loss or Data Rate) that is derived from the collection of wireless signal samples of the APs. The most important aspect of the fingerprinting technique is the distinct wireless fingerprints that represent different RPs. However, different factors such as equal distance of multiple RPs from the same AP, may lead to fingerprint duplication, i.e. multiple RPs may have similar fingerprints, which can result in false localization. This paper highlights the problem of fingerprint duplication in fingerprinting based indoor localization. The paper further discusses the fingerprint duplication with three different fingerprint metrics i.e. RSS fingerprint, Path-loss fingerprint and Data Rate fingerprint, used in fingerprinting based indoor localization. To address this problem, RSS spread is proposed to be used in conjunction with different fingerprint metrics (i.e. RSS, Path-Loss or Data Rate) to differentiate among RPs. The results of the experiment verifies the occurrence of similar fingerprints of AP that operates with multiple transmission power levels at different RPs with all 3 fingerprint metrics. The results also shows that RSS spread fingerprints of AP with multiple transmission levels are all different and distinct. Additionally, it is observed that the significance of RSS spread tends to increase at low transmission power level which motivates and leverage the use of low transmission power levels in fingerprinting based indoor localization.


For the fourth time since becoming health minister, Allan Rock stood in front of the CMA to defend his government's record on health care and to promise that better days lie ahead. However, given the recent meeting of provincial premiers, these days may actually start to materialize shortly.

Rock


A novel material, Apatite II, obtained from a natural source, has been determined to be a good adsorbent for radionuclides of strontium, europium and trivalent actinides, but not caesium, from neutral aqueous solutions containing common chelating agents and inorganic salts at moderate concentrations. This inexpensive, easily available material seems to be a promising backfill for engineered barriers in nuclear waste repositories. However, encapsulation of the sorbent grains loaded with radiostrontium in the Portland cement matrix results in undesirably high leaching rate for this particular radionuclide.


Short Abstract — S. cerevisiae is a model organism used for different studies in Systems Biology. It is usually studied inside microfluidic devices that trap cells by means of mechanical pressure. It has been demonstrated that mechanical pressure affects cell physiology. By means of a novel microfluidic device we study single-cell dynamics of S. cerevisiae cell in a low-pressure environment. We present the design and fabrication of this novel microfluidic device as well as initial studies of division strategies and aging made with it.


Assets with superannuation funds represented the fastest growing of the major components of household wealth during the 1980s. This paper reviews the causes of that growth, and its effects on private saving and on the pattern of financial intermediation. It is found that the growth of superannuation funds during this period was mainly a result of the funds' high earnings rates; there was relatively little change in the net rate of new contributions by members. This fact makes it hard to argue that growth of the superannuation sector came at the expense of other types of financial intermediaries. The relative stability of members' contributions also helps to explain why superannuation has not yet had a noticeable effect on the level of private saving.


Radioactive tracer flow logs run to determine the injection profile of a polymer fluid in an injection well erroneously indicated that almost all of the fluid was entering the upper one foot of the zone. To study this problem in greater detail, a 12-ft visible flow loop 6-in. and 8-in. in diameter, clear plexiglass tubing was built. Polymer solutions of 800 to 1200 ppM polyacrylamide and xanthan gum were evaluated at flow rates of 35 to 350 bpd using dye coloring shot from single-port and multiport injection logging instruments. Results of these flow tests showed that little mixing occurred between the injected dye and the flowing polymer solution. Conventional firing times generally caused almost all of the dye solution to stick to the wall opposite the firing port. Viscosity effects were correlated with ability to measure meaningful polymer injection profiles from the maximum velocities from radioactive tracer logs. A critical annular flow velocity of injected polymer was necessary in these tests to achieve maximum theoretic polymer flow velocities. Logging success was dependent on controlled firing time to provide maximum radioactive tracer placement in the flow regime.


Myocardial infarction (MI) commonly occurs in patients with coronary artery disease and have high mortality. Current clinical strategies for MI still limited to reducing the death of myocardial cells but failed to replace these cells. This study aimed to investigate the role of fibroblast growth factor 6 (FGF6) in enhancing the proliferative potential of cardiomyocytes (CMs) after ischemic injury via the Hippo pathway.


Abstract 4710 Lentiviral vectors (LVs) directly delivered to the bone marrow by intra-bone marrow (iBM) injection can efficiently transduce hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for treating genetic blood disorders. Our previous study showed that FVIII activity in the plasma of hemophilia A (HemA) mice achieved nearly normal levels one week after being treated with iBM injection of LVs containing a B-domain variant human factor VIII (hFVIII/N6) gene driven by a human elongation factor-1 promoter (E-LV). However, plasma FVIII activity fell very quickly with concomitant generation of anti-FVIII antibodies. In this study, to prevent anti-FVIII immune responses in the treated HemA mice, we treated three groups of mice with intraperitoneal injection of 200 μL of immunomodulatory protocols including IL-2/IL-2 mAb complexes (IL-2 Complex, 1 μg IL-2 mixed with 5 μg anti-IL-2 mAb per mouse on day −5, −4, and −3), anti-mouse CD3e mAb (20 μg per mouse on day −2, −1, 0, 1 and 2), and rabbit anti-mouse thymocyte IgG (ATG, 0.6 mg per mouse on day −1 and 0), respectively. The mice were treated with 5 μL E-LV (7 × 10 7 TU/mL) on day 0. The peak plasma FVIII levels in 0/4 E-LV only treated mice, 3/5 IL-2 Complex pretreated mice, 2/3 anti-CD3e pretreated mice and 4/5 ATS pretreated mice showed up one month after treatment. 2/4 E-LV only treated mice, 2/5 IL-2 Complex pretreated mice, 1/3 anti-CD3e pretreated mice and 3/5 ATS pretreated mice generated anti-FVIII antibodies two months after treatment. These data indicated that all three immunomodulatory protocols protected E-LV transduced cells from eradication mediated by cytotoxic T cells in the early stage after treatment; however these protocols did not prevent the production of anti-FVIII antibodies at later time points. Next, we employed 10 HemA/Foxp3-Tg mice in which all T cells over-expressed Foxp3 as an immunosuppressive mouse model and treated them with low (5 μL) or high (25 μL) dosage of E-LVs, respectively. None of the 10 treated HemA/Foxp3-Tg produced anti-FVIII antibodies however plasma FVIII levels in all 10 mice fell to low levels one month after treatment. Thus, increase of regulatory T cells could not totally inhibit cytotoxic T cells to lyse transduced cells, whereas they prevented anti-FVIII antibody production. In order to examine whether LV-transduced cells were destroyed in the early stage post-injection, we treated HemA mice with 3 μL of LVs (4.6 × 10 10 TU/mL) containing GFP gene driven by a modified myeloid proliferative sarcoma virus (MND) promoter and tracked GFP expression in bone marrow cells overtime. The percentage of GFP positive cells reached highest on day 15 post-injection, and then fell quickly afterwards, while GFP positive cells (0.04% of total bone marrow cells) were still detectable on day 94. Therefore, in order to achieve persistent transgene expression of hFVIII in the HemA mice treated with intra-bone marrow injection of E-LVs, cytotoxic-T-cell-mediated elimination of the transduced cells needs to be inhibited in the early stage and formation of anti-FVIII antibody can be eliminated by increasing FVIII-specific Treg cell populations. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


In the ruins of the al-Quṣayr al-Qadīm on Red Sea port, over 700 Arabic documents of the 13th century were found during excavations of the Oriental institute at the University of Chicago and the University of Southampton. The ruins are not spectacular as individuals, but their significance is serious and given in four points. First, these are one of the few Arabic archives unearthed in situ. Second, this is the only archive in which the documents have been evaluated with their find context and in the literary sources in terms of a history of the site, so al-Quṣayr al-Qadīm. Third, these documents connect the abundant sources of the Nile Valley with the well known sources to trading in Yemen. And fourth, it is surprising how parallel the Arabic documents in Arabic script and the Arab Genizah documents are written in Hebrew. The original text of the chapter is in German.Keywords: al-Quṣayr al-Qadīm; Arabic archives; Arabic documents; Nile Valley; Red Sea port; ruins


The insecurity in the streets and the danger has always existed, but as time passes it becomes more constant. The concern of parents about the safety of their children never ceases. It is for this reason that the creation of a company dedicated to providing a safe and reliable alternative selling bracelets with GPS tracking devices in Quito becomes attractive. In order to provide security in the children and parents peace of mind. Focusing to a middle socioeconomic level, high average and high as the costs incurred in creating the bracelet is $22.56 and must be added that fixed costs. In Ecuador there is a company dedicated to the commercialization of GPS bracelets, which is why it plans to enter the market hogging 5% of unsatisfied demand is 49821.99 parent families with children under 10 years in the city Quito within social strata stated above. In order to analyse whether the project is viable financial plan was carried out with 5-year projections. The initial investment of the project is a worth $ 55, 303.03 price will be financed 70% loan and 30% of equity. The values obtained through the flow of cases an NPV $ 20,897. 15 was obtained and an IRR of 22.83% showing that the project is viable.


TO THE EDITOR: We read Rossfeld and Wright's (1) case report about a 58-year-old cirrhotic man who developed an episode of hyperammonemic overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) after blood transfusion with interest. The authors suggest that ammonia contained in the 3 units of packed red blood cells may be responsible for the episode, especially because of their long storage time. Although we agree with the diagnosis of HE, we believe that transfusion is unlikely to have caused it. First, packed red blood cells contain little ammonia. The authors estimate the amount to be approximately 3 g, which is very low compared with the 10 to 20 g of glutamine (the end product of ammonia) that is administered during an oral glutamine challengea test sometimes considered useful for diagnosing HE. After oral intake, glutamine is transformed in ammonia by the glutaminase enzyme in the intestine and the kidneys by a 1:1 ratio. The increase in ammonia levels, measured 1 hour after intake, varies among studies and ranges from 80 to 130 mol/L; this variation predicts subsequent episodes of overt HE and survival (2). However, this test is generally well-tolerated and does not provoke such episodes (3). Second, the delay between the transfusion and the development of symptoms is unclear. If this intervention caused the episode of HE, the symptoms would not have developed only after the third transfusion, let alone 6 hours later. Finally, a blood ammonia level of 806 mol/L is high and rarely if ever seen in an episode of type B HE. That HE is the only cause of this high ammonia level is thus unlikely. The first explanation would be an overestimation due to technical problems in the management of the sample, which happens frequently (the blood sample needs to be processed rapidly and kept on ice during the entire procedure). This theory is supported by the patient's rapid improvement even considering that he received dialysis, with an ammonia level of approximately 150 mol/L 12 hours later; this finding is more consistent with an overt episode of HE. The second explanation may be an underlying unknown condition, such as a primary or acquired urea cycle defect (4). Transfusion is frequently used in cirrhotic patients, especially in the setting of a gastrointestinal bleeding episode due to rupture of the esophageal varicesa common trigger for an episode of HE (5). This case report does not discuss the cause of the anemia, but the lack of an increase in hemoglobin levels after the first transfusion strongly suggests an uncontrolled bleeding episode that probably caused the episode of HE. In summary, we do not believe that this patient's episode of HE is solely attributable to the transfusion of packed red blood cells. However, the authors pinpoint that transfusions introduce protein and may increase ammonia levels, albeit at lesser proportions. This case report generally raises the still-debated question of the storage time of packed red blood cells and the associated outcome. Further studies exploring the relationship among ammonia levels, transfusions, and storage time that accounts for the many possible confounding factors would thus be of great interest.


It is known that the Standard Model (SM) does not predict the number of fermion families; N. The only restriction comes from the asymptotic freedom of QCD which requires the number of quarks to be less than 17 and, therefore, the number of SM families to be N⩽8. Before 1990ÂSs, many authors published articles related to the extra SM families and their phenomenological consequences. In early 1990ÂSs, the LEP data yields N is almost 3 where the neutral lepton mass for each family is less than half the mass of the Z boson. Generally, this result is interpreted as the exact value of N, since one assumes that the neutrinos must have very small masses. If we disregard this incorrect assumption, the LEP data does not exclude the existence of extra SM families with heavy neutrinos. Meanwhile, few papers arguing the existence of the fourth SM family have been publishing. These arguments are based on the ÂŚflavor democracyÂS hypothesis. The study of FCNC in B decays can indirectly shed light on the SM4 family in qu...


Neurological EmergenciesEssential NeurosurgeryEndoscopic Third VentriculostomyJournal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and PsychiatryNeurological Malingering1st Joint Summer MeetingNeurology in PracticeNeurology of the ArtsPain NeurosurgeryNeurology in PracticeGuide for the Care and Use of Laboratory AnimalsMeeting121st MeetingGammaglobulin Treatment in NeurologyAnnual Review of HydrocephalusNeurosurgery for NeurologistsProceedings of 13th International Conference on Neurology and Neurosurgery 2017Journal of NeurologyEssential NeurologyNeurology in PracticeNeurology in PracticeAdvances and Technical Standards in NeurosurgeryJournal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and PsychiatryNeurological InvestigationsNeurology in PracticeNeurology and Public Health in the United KingdomSleep and ComaSpecial Supplement [in Honor of David Marsden's Leaving the Editorship of the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry].Joint MeetingJournal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and PsychiatryNeurology in PracticeA Clinical Guide to Epileptic Syndromes and their TreatmentNeurology in PracticeEpilepsy and Other Neurological Disorders in Coeliac DiseaseSummer Meeting122nd MeetingStrokeNeuro-oncologyNeuroscience in MedicineNeurology in Practice The 4th edition of "Neurological emergencies" edited by Professor Richard Hughes presents an up to date guide to the pathogenesis and management of common emergencies in neurology (acute stroke, tonic-clonic status epilepticus), neurosurgery (traumatic brain injury, raised intracranial pressure, subarachnoid haemorrhage, acute spinal cord compression) and related specialties such as medicine (medical coma), intensive care (acute neuromuscular respiratory paralysis, brain stem death), infectious diseases (cerebral infection), ophthalmology (acute visual loss) and psychiatry (delirium, acute behaviour disturbance). The volume complements a small series of related titles from the same publishers on epidemiology, investigation and management of neurological disorders. Each of the 13 chapters authored by experts in the respective fields is clearly and consistently structured, providing a detailed outline of pathogenesis as a rational basis for recommended investigations and management of specific conditions. Pathophysiological considerations are comprehensive and incorporate recent advances such as the increased understanding of the neurochemical basis of secondary brain injury and the association between specific apolipoprotein E genotypes and an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease following head trauma. Recommended diagnostic strategies are clearly outlined and advantages and limitations of specific investigations are discussed in the context of each clinical scenario. Numerous tables throughout the text (for example on investigation of stroke, delirium and neuromuscular disorders associated with respiratory paralysis) allow for easily accessible and concise reference.This volume contains 121 representative works on hydrocephalus which are collected from 24 listed journals and books in the field of neuroscience published in 1988. We express OUf sincere thanks to all authors, listed publishers and editorial boards for their cooperation and permission on this publication. It isour pleasure ifthis book willprovide you with an up-to-date review of the works on hydrocephalus. The editors ACKNOWLEDGMENT Greatful acknowledgments for permission to reproduce copyright material are made to the editors and the publishers listed below: Acta Neurochirurgica: SpringerVerlag, Wien American Journal of Neuroradiology (AJNR): American Roentgen Ray Society American Journal of Psychiatry: The American Psychiatrie Association Archives of Neurology: American Medical Association Brain and Development: (Official Journal) The Japanese Society of Child Neurology Brain Research: Elsevier Science Publishiers B.V. Child's Nervous System: Springer-Verlag, Berlin CT Kenkyu/Progress in Computerized Tomography: Neuron Publishing Co. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry: British Medical Journal Journal of Neurosurgery: The American Association of Neurological Surgeons Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences: Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg Journal of Pediatric Surgery: Grune & Stratton, Inc. Nervenarzt: Springer-Verlag, Berlin Neurologia Medico Chirurgica (Tokyo): (OfficialJournal) The Japan Neurosurgical Society Neurology: Modern Medicine Publications, Inc.A concise, up to date book covering all the methods of investigation for the major neurological, neurosurgical, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The latest imaging, physiological, and psychological tests are described and metabolic and genetic advances are discussed. Summaries at the end of each chapter provide practical guidance to the available investigations for the different disorders.Part of the Neurosurgery by Example series, this volume on pain neurosurgery presents exemplary cases in which renowned authors guide readers through the assessment and planning, decision making, surgical procedure, after care, and complication management of common and uncommon disorders. The cases explore the spectrum of clinical diversity and complexity within pain neurosurgery, including trigeminal neuralgia, postherpetic neuralgia, occipital neuralgia, percutaneous cordotomy for cancer-associated pain, chronic lumbar radiculopathy, and more. Each chapter also contains 'pivot points' that illuminate changes required to manage patients in alternate or atypical situations, and pearls for accurate diagnosis, successful treatment, and effective complication management. Containing a focused review of medical evidence and expected outcomes, Pain Neurosurgery is appropriate for neurosurgeons who wish to learn more about a subspecialty, and those preparing for the American Board of Neurological Surgery oral examination.June 19-21, 2017 Paris, France Key Topics : Pain Management in Neurosurgery, Neurology, Neurosurgery, Cerebrovascular Surgery, Brain Tumour, Neurological Disorders, Traumatic Neurosurgery, Skullbase Neurosurgery, Spine and Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Endovascular Neurosurgery, Novel Therapeutics, Neurosurgery and Nursing, Neuroaesthetics and Critical Care, Case reports in Neurosurgery, Advance Techniques on Neurosurgery, Functional Neurosurgery, Pediatric Neurosurgery, Radiosurgery/CyberKnife,Coeliac disease may be manifested with gastrointestinal symptoms, or be latent. It may also be present with dermatitis herpetiformis, dental enamel defects or neurological disorders especially epilepsy. In the case of the latter symptoms, these appear mostly in relation to occipital seizures, frequently intractable. This book examines these and other neurological manifestations.to it. Once the manuscripts were in hand, it was the The preface to the first edition of Neuroscience in Medicine began with a simple statement: "Neuroeditor's job to make the writing uniform, remove science is a fascinating discipline." The interest that duplicative materials except where essential for ease of understanding, and incorporate additional provoked the preparation of a second edition means that statement still rings true. The challenge remained critical material. Neuroscience in Medicine is designed to reveal the to define the core material. I have attempted to restrict certain peripheral topics—the generalities basic science underlying disease and treatments for of biosynthesis and gene expression, for example— neural disorders. Though the chapters are intended to interdigitate, each chapter can be read as a stand in order to allow the remaining topics to include new material and, in some cases, to showcase developing alone—that is, each contains a complete discussion of the topic. areas—neuroimmunology, for example—in the hope that this will pique the interests of the reader and I am pleased that the "Clinical Correlations," a keep the volume fresh. popular feature of the first edition, are again included. We have also been aided in our task by the art and As in the first edition of Neuroscience in Mecine, the authors are selected from leaders in editorial staff at Humana, whose help I gratefully acknowledge.This series, sponsored by the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies, has already become a classic. In general, one volume is published per year. The Advances section presents fields of neurosurgery and related areas in which important recent progress has been made. The Technical Standards section features detailed descript of standard procedures to assist young neurosurgeons in their post-graduate training. The contributions are written by experienced clinicians and are reviewed by all members of the Editorial Board." This book is aimed primarily at young neurosurgeons, but is an excellent source of reference for those who are already trained " Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and PsychiatryA brand new edition of Essential Neurology brings the text fully up-to-date. This book is a core text for medical students and junior doctors, who want a comprehensive yet concise practical guide to clinical neurology. To make the book more readable and digestible, we have introduced colour into the text. This text provides clear explanations of the most common neurological and neurosurgical disorders. The most up-to-date clinical methods are covered to ensure students are learning the newest techniques. To enhance the readers' understanding of this subject more illustrations, line drawings and scans are incorporated into the text. Another new addition is the inclusion of clinical cases with self-assessment questions at the end of every chapter. These help to clearly illustrate the clinical presentations of key neurological disorders. Essential Neurology is ideal for medical students on neurology attachments and an excellent review text for the MRCP examination. Reviews of previous edition "This is an excellent introductory text for medical students who want their neurology without frills." —British Medical J


Based on the springback theory, an approximate calcu la tion formation of the relationship between friction coefficient and springback a ngle is deduced through the analysis of the stress state of plate during tension -bending, and the influence of friction on springback is discussed.


This document describes a Quality of Service model (QOSM), for
networks that support the use of the Controlled load service over a
Diffserv cloud using pre-congestion notification. Ths is a technique
to perform admission control in a Diffserv network by measuring the
congestion level in a domain. New flows are admitted only if the
current congestion level is below the allowed threshold. When the
controlled load in a domain exceeds a certain threshold, the egress
prompts the ingress to pre-empt certain flows. This proposal is based
on the proposal made by B.Briscoe et al., for the extension of RSVP to
support the Controlled load service over a Diffserv cloud using pre-
congestion notification.


Sudhir Kakar: It is in looking back that I better understand what drew me to psychoanalysis. As someone said -1 believe it was Kierkegaard the tragedy of life is that it can only be understood backwards but has to be lived forwards. What drew me to psychoanalysis was a prolonged identity crisis in my youth: a banal, but for the affected person, a vital inner preoccupation around 'Who am I?', 'What is my station and vocation in life?' I was almost thirty when I discovered that psychoanalysis was my vocation. Before that, I only knew what I did not want: the professions of the engineer and the management professor with which I had experimented for some years. What then drew me to psychoanalysis was its promise of self understanding, of throwing


In the context of the new curriculum,biology test designs in the college entrance examination are faced with the difficulties and challenges in the material selection,design and expression of the test questions.After describing the development history and merits of scientific papers,this article analyzes the necessity and feasibility of the use of scientific papers as test questions' background information.On the basis above,the article formulates a model for test design using scientific papers as background information,of which the specific dimensions are as follows:the material selection,problem design,the expression of test question.


Direct marketing is useful to form good relations with customers/clients for the representation of new product/service and to gain sales. It uses various techniques such as telephones, emails, festivals, fairs and other techniques to directly communicate with the clients and also to get immediate feedback. This paper gives information about direct marketing and various companies which use direct marketing. To study direct marketing with related to clients is an interesting study but at the same time it gets a bit tricky because knowing about one or more than one technique requires the analysis of the whole field. Direct marketing is more of creating good relations with clients and fulfilling the needs and demands of the market.


In recent years, QUIC protocol has shown great advantages for HTTPS over TCP in terms of improving handshake delay and head-of-line blocking. Multipath QUIC (MPQUIC) further opens up the opportunity to leverage path diversity for realizing various optimization goals, especially for mobile access. In this paper, we present a context-aware MPQUIC packet scheduler dedicated to mobile HTTP/2. Specifically, the scheduler takes into account the stream priority (from HTTP/2 dependency tree) for stream-aware downlink packet scheduling by exclusively transferring each stream at a time while maintaining the relative stream completing order. Additionally, ACK packets are scheduled by choosing the path with the lowest one-way delay to reduce overall RTT and expedite loss recovery. Real-world experiments show that our scheduler reduces page load time by up to 8.5% and stream average completion time by up to 12.9% over the status-quo.


RNA interference (RNAi) or gene silencing technology is a phenomenon by which double stranded RNAs elicit degradation of a target mRNA containing homologous sequence. It is essentially a new incarnation of well-established antisense principle. This technology enables the researchers to trigger post-transcriptional gene silencing in vivo. It is a robust method for lowering specific protein levels, compared to traditional techniques such as antisense, ribozymes or microinjection of function-blocking antibodies. RNAi offers a powerful tool for ascribing functions to genes while its application to in vivo models of disease opens up tremendous opportunities to develop a novel generation of oligonucleotide-based drugs, thus offering an enormous potential of being developed as a therapeutic modality.


Polymer composites based on poly(methyl methacrylate)/ carboxylic acid group functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (PMMA/MWNT), were prepared by the exsitu and in-situ technique with 0.05% wt loading of the CNT. Nanocomposite films were fabricated by solvent casting method. Electrical conductivity of nanocomposites and the base PMMA polymer was measured. The different percolation thresholds were found for the composites and resin samples which were found to be related to the method employed. The neat PMMA samples prepared by the same methods showed complete insulating behaviour. Ex-situ technique leads to improved electrical conductivity. Wide angle XRD study also supports that the functionalization of MWNT affects the interfacial bonding of PMMA and MWNT resulting in better dispersion. Thermogravimetric analysis show that the amount of main chains decomposition of the in-situ composite is lower than that of pure PMMA and the ex-situ composite


This article analyses CJEU case law on the notion of 'new public' in the context of the right of communication to the public in EU copyright law, with a focus on Article 3(1) of the InfoSoc Directive. It investigates its origin, use and development, as well as the justifications given for such use. By identifying for the first time four distinct groups of case law, the analysis shows how the role of the 'new public' has changed over time. If intended as a requirement, the 'new public' creates undue complexity in the reasoning of the CJEU in most instances. While others have suggested that the CJEU should disregard this notion altogether, this article proposes a less radical way for the CJEU to 'escape' the difficulties inherent to its own jurisprudence.


The proliferation of a wide variety of social networking sites that exist today are verypopular with the general public not only as a venue for self-existence but also as a medium forbusiness promotion is great because it can reach consumers throughout the world because ofusing the internet. Experience keen to see business opportunities by using social networking sitesby a capital artist to achieve success, can be used as an interesting lesson in running a businessby using social networking sites. The purpose of this study is to reveal the underlying ideasfacebookers (designation as a facebook user), using the social networking site Facebook as apromotional medium in developing the creative industries. The results showed that facebook isnot only act as a media campaign in the development of creative industries, but also acts as amedium to communicate with potential customers. Besides using facebook in developing creativeindustries that have not been known to be a product that is known by many people. This iscertainly a positive impact on sales results.


The invention discloses a method for coupling extraction of astaxanthin from haematococcus pluvialis cells by rapid wall breaking. The method comprises the following steps: (1) adding haematococcus pluvialis into an organic solvent, and stirring uniformly; (2) injecting the feed liquid obtained in the step (1) into a sand mill, and performing grinding and crushing to obtain a suspension; (3) performing solid-liquid separation on the suspension obtained in the step (2), and recovering a liquid phase; and (4) performing reduced pressure distillation on the liquid phase collected in the step (3), and recovering the organic solvent to obtain a residual wine ointment-shaped substance, namely an astaxanthin extract. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the wall breakage rate of the haematococcus pluvialis cells is extremely high, the solvent can directly extract the astaxanthin during wall breaking, and the whole breaking coupling extraction process greatly shortens the time consumption of an existing process, thereby effectively ensuring the biological activity of natural astaxanthin.


The hollow slab bridge is a widely used bridge type for urban bridges. The slabs are prefabricated in a factory and are assembled on site, and then the hinge joints are poured on site. Shallow hinge joints have been used in most existing hollow slab bridges, which commonly bring inadequate connection to the adjacent slabs and probably result in bridge damage. Traditional detection and test methods for hinge joints interrupt traffic, which is inconvenient for local commuters. In the present study, a light-load field test method for hinge joints was proposed. The principles and procedures of the light-load test were concluded and provided based on the test results of 96 spans. The theoretical and measured lateral load distribution ratios were calculated and compared based on hinge joint plate theory. The damage evaluation method and damage classification for hinge joints were defined based on the test results of 1100 hinge joints. Furthermore, the accuracy of the proposed method was verified by a destructive experiment. The research results indicate that the light-load field test and the damage evaluation method for hinge joints are indeed convenient, reliable, and economical, and deserve practical spread and repetition in this area.


A concept of a large scale Multi-Chip-Module with number of Many Core (PE), FPGA and DRAM chips is proposed. There are three major features, (1) very high speed data transmission by T-Hz $(0.1 \sim10$ THz) radio communication chips inside the MCM module for communication among the chips, (2) MLC (Multi Layer Ceramic) or another substrate on which T-Hz radio chips in upper surface side and number of Many Core (PE), FPGA and DRAM chips in lower surface side are connected by C4, (3) T-Hz radio chips also communicate with other MCMs and external I/O devices.


Donald Barthelme is regarded as the typical American postmodernist and many critics approach him mainly from artistic or aesthetic perspectives .The following paper is intended to understand him with socio-political concerns through the interpretation of The Glass Mountain, a parody as cultural criticism on the dominant "American Dream" in the modern American society.


HE BESTIARIES of the ancient world held many dragons. Though some T were frightful fire-breathing monsters, most exhibited a decidedly benevolent character. Centuries of tangled lore and the mingling of diverse cultural traditions make it difficult to use the word dragon in an exact sense. Yet, in all contexts, the dragon is a fabulous beast-a great serpentine or saurian form possessing attributes of other creatures, including horns, wings, and feathers. For the present study, the term dragon will be used for a variety of mythical ophidian creatures of composite form, often possessing explicit avian characteristics. Double-headed serpents or dragons form a rather specific subclass in the bestiary of mythical species. The term "two-headed dragon," or "bicephalic dragon," is common in the literature of pre-Columbian studies and refers to a sinuous form with a head at each end. These and related two-headed constructs as opposed to such mythical entities as


As part of a collaborative project at a stream segment reach on Proctor Creek in Atlanta, GA, UAV-based SfM photogrammetry was tested as a method for collecting fluvial topographic data relative to traditional USGS total station surveying methods. According to the USGS method, 11 transects were surveyed, and imagery was collected via a UAV to create a SfM DEM. The resulting DEM was incomplete but showed promise for the SfM method. Two additional stream segments were chosen in the Atlanta area, the first along SFPC in DHCL and the second along NFPC near Buford Hwy. For each site 11 transects were surveyed along with submerged GCPs so that the SfM DEMs could be compared to the surveyed data. The BW and BD values were collected from the TS transects and the DEM transects and compared according to the percent difference between the two. For SFPC, the average percent difference values for BW and BD were, respectively, 15.9 and 26.0 with standard deviations of 15.7 and 18.0. For NFPC, the BW and BD average percent difference values were 6.8 and 7.5 with standard deviations of 3.9 and 5.9. The GCPs were also compared for each site using linear regressions. There was no strong correlation for SFPC (R 2 = 0.31 and p-value > 0.05), but there was a strong relationship indicated for NFPC (R 2 = 0.78 and p-value < 0.05). While the results of this study are variable, the results do indicate promise for future work on this emerging method. INDEX WORDS: structure from motion, unmanned aerial system, photogrammetry, digital elevation model, fluvial, geomorphology THE EVALUATION OF MEASURING STREAM CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY USING UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEM-BASED STRUCTURE-FROM-MOTION PHOTOGRAMMETRY


Families of squatters who had settled in a quiet neighborhood of Paris wished to send their children to the local school. Our ethnohistorical inquiry explores how the mobilization in favor of schooling the children was embedded in other controversies and mobilizations that arose from the squatters' presence in the occupied building. Many collective social actors (associations, unions, administrations, and politicians) were involved in conflicting mobilizations in an ongoing struggle of competing arguments. The contemporary crisis of the French model of political representation has enabled the emergence of new forms of collective protest: new ways of defining social problems and a new repertory of civil actions, that is, the "mediatization" of social action and the recourse to litigation. Our study suggests some of the possible extensions and limitations of this movement, especially in the context of action taken by teachers' unions and parents' associations.


The East Asian security environment has become more perilous. Though overshadowed by the on-going war in Iraq the rising tension on the Korean Peninsula following North Korea's declared intention to resume its nuclear programme has raised the danger level by several notches. For the first time, North Korea has admitted to having an active nuclear weapons programme and even 'more powerful weapons'. Pyongyang's admission came as a shock to the international community, especially the US, Japan and South Korea.


Background

MM is a diagnosis of the elderly, with a median age of 70. Novel agents, such as proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib, V), and immunomodulatory agents (thalidomide, T; lenalidomide, R) have improved response rates and survival in transplant-ineligible patients; however, the disease is incurable and relapse is inevitable. Since older patients are particularly vulnerable to adverse events (AEs), the safety profile, particularly of multidrug regimens, is one of the most important considerations in treatment selection.

While numerous phase 3 studies have been done in this patient population, each study is limited to a comparison of no more than 2 or 3 regimens. Given the cost and time to conduct phase 3 studies, Bayesian NMA is a powerful tool that has been used to extract additional information from precious resources. The goal of our study is to compare the safety and preliminary efficacy of induction regimens for transplant ineligible MM patients using data from published phase 3 studies.

Methods

To identify phase 3 clinical trials comparing induction regimens in transplant ineligible patients, we conducted a systematic literature search using Pubmed, Google Scholar, Embase, ASH and ASCO meeting abstracts with the MeSH terms "multiple myeloma", "randomized controlled trial" and "bortezomib" or "lenalidomide" or "thalidomide" or equivalent. 18 trials met our inclusion criteria. Among these trials, 9 trials did not have sufficient data on AEs (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, venous thromboembolism and neuropathy grade 3 or higher by CTCAE) to be statistically analyzed. Data were pooled and reported as odds ratio (OR) for the 9 trials incorporated in the analysis. Bayesian NMA under the random-effects model was performed with STATA ver. 14.0.

Results

Because MP was the most frequently incorporated regimen in the 9 studies, it was utilized as the reference for NMA. The pooled OR of treatment A to have AEs compared to treatment B and 95 % confidence interval (CI) is presented in the table. The pooled OR of Rd 18 compared to MP was 0.57 and statistically significant. Continuous Rd (Rd) and VTP trended towards less AEs than MP (pooled OR 0.63 and 0.6, respectively) but were not statistically significant. The remaining regimens trended to have more AEs than MP. Rd, Rd 18 and VTP were associated with significantly less AEs than VMP with OR 0.31, 0.29, 0.3 respectively.

Existing evidence has demonstrated that the triplet regimens MPT, MPR and VMP have longer progression free survival (PFS) than MP. Rd is better than MPT and VMPT is better than VMP in terms of PFS. There is no head to head comparison to determine the best regimen among Rd, MPT, VMP, VMPT. We are contacting primary researchers of original trials to obtain individual patient data in order to conduct NMA for PFS and cost effectiveness.

Conclusion

Rd and VTP trend safer than MP and are significantly safer than VMP. Based on the systematic review, we do not have sufficient data to select the best regimen in terms of PFS. Further statistical analysis for efficacy will be available upon receipt of individual patient data.

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Disclosures Chari: Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Biotest: Other: Institutional Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Millennium/Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Onyx: Consultancy, Research Funding; Array Biopharma: Consultancy, Other: Institutional Research Funding, Research Funding.

 [1]: pending:yes


Understanding the β-decay properties of fission products is very important for nuclear reactor monitoring & safety. Indeed, the β-decay of fission products is a source of power during nuclear reactor operation and after, this activity is the main contributor to the decay-heat representing ~7-8% of a reactor nominal power. β-decay is also at the origin of the antineutrinos coming from nuclear reactor. The study of antineutrinos is mandatory for nuclear safeguard policies based on antineutrino detection. But there are still some discrepancies in the calculation of the decay-heat and antineutrino spectra. One reason of the distortions observed seems to be linked to the Pandemonium effect. In order to improve the accuracy in the prediction of these quantities, new measurements of fission products β-decay properties, not sensitive to this effect, have been performed with a Total Absorption spectrometer (TAS). An overview of the TAS technique and first results from the latest experiment will be presented.


Freshwater organisms are constantly under pressure from an array of stressors with complex affects. In this thesis I first review the interactive effects on Daphnia pulex of three prevalent anthropogenic stressors: climate change, calcium decline, and toxic metal exposure. Then, I examine gene expression levels of five Daphnia genes related to carapace building and calcium homeostasis to understand the effects and interaction of low calcium and predator presence. Finally, I use phylogenetic reconstruction to explore the evolutionary history of one of the tested genes, the Sarco(endo)plasmic Calcium ATPase. My results indicate that both stressors tested and their interaction affects the expression patterns of all the tested genes, often in surprising ways. The results from the phylogenetic reconstruction suggest that many ancient and recent gene duplication events have shaped the evolution of this gene.


As a great educator, Tao Xingzhi established his own special educational ideas in this age, namely,the practising and creating spirit, coordination and self-supporting spirit and life-long education,while inheriting Chinese traditional educational ideas and drawing lessons from Western practical philosophy.


The application discloses a power supply circuit of a contactor coil, comprising a direct-current/direct-current conversion unit, an alternating-current/ direct-current conversion unit, a selection unit, an energy storage unit, a first switch and a contactor coil, wherein when the first switch is turned on and a first direct-current voltage is greater than a second direct-current voltage, the selection unit selects the first direct-current voltage and the energy storage unit to jointly supply power to the contactor coil; when the first switch is turned on and the first direct-current voltage is smaller than the second direct-current voltage, the selection unit selects the second direct-current voltage and the energy storage unit to jointly supply power to the contactor coil; and when the first switch is turned on and the first direct-current voltage is equal to the second direct-current voltage, the selection unit selects the first direct-current voltage, the second direct-current voltage and the energy storage unit to jointly supply power to the contactor coil. The power supply circuit disclosed by the application can supply power to the contactor coil with high reliability.


The energy states are calculated for an oxygen molecule in a crystal field of cubic symmetry that would be appropriate for a substitutional site in solid methane. The resulting heat capacity is also calculated and discussed in relation to data for oxygen‐doped methane. The catalytic effect of oxygen on the spin‐species conversion of methane is treated by consideration of the dipole–dipole interaction of the electron spin of oxygen with the proton spin of methane. The matrix elements are calculated for the low‐energy states of methane and of oxygen. It is found that oxygen should be an effective catalyst for spin‐species conversion above about 0.3°K but that its effectiveness may decrease rapidly below that temperature.


This paper reports the observation of microwave and very high frequency (VHF) radiation pulses associated with the first narrow (<10us) initial breakdown (IB) pulses of ten negative cloud-to-ground (-CG) flashes. The centre frequency of microwave and VHF sensors was 0.97 GHz and 60 MHz, respectively. We found that all microwave pulses were the initiation event led the first VHF pulses ranging between 0.03187 and 2.57968 µs and led the first narrow IB pulses ranging between 0.02382 and 2.70202 µs. Half of the VHF pulses were observed to lead the first narrow IB pulses ranging between 0.03453 and 0.128 µs. Moreover, polarity of microwave radiation pulses was always positive while the polarity of the first narrow IB pulses always negative. On the other hand, half of VHF radiation pulses had the same polarity as microwave radiation pulses.


The debate on whether employers should be mandated by law to provide unpaid leave for employees to care for dependent family members touches on conflicts between women's rights as citizens and their roles in the family. Because opponents have claimed that family leave is not good for business, proponents have been forced to defend the regulation of business. By reframing the issue in terms of gender justice, the discourse would be broadened to include the health and social policy context that leaves so many women with the stark choice of caregiving or employment .


Objective To observe the effect of "Xinfukang Oral Liquid" on the activities of myocardium mitochondrial respiratory complex enzymes(Ⅰ-Ⅳ) in pressure overload-induced congestive heart failure(CHF) rats.Methods Total 75 SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation(SH) group,model group and treatment group by "Xinfukang Oral Liquid".CHF model was established by partly constricting the abdominal aorta of rats.The activities of respiratory complex enzymes(Ⅰ-Ⅳ) were respectively detected by spectrophotometric method at the 10th and 12th weeks after treatment.Results Compared with the SH group,the activities of respiratory complex enzymes Ⅱ(SDH) and Ⅳ(CCO) were obviously decreased(P0.01) at the 10th week;compared with model group,the activities of respiratory complex enzymes Ⅱ(SDH) and Ⅳ(CCO) in treatment group were increased evidently at the 10th week(P0.01),and the increase was more obvious at the 12th week(P0.01).The activity of SDH in model group at the 12th week was decreased compared with that of at the 10th week(P0.05),and activities of SDH and CCO in treatment group were obviously higher at the 12th week than at the 10th week(P0.05).Conclusion "Xinfukang Oral Liquid" can significantly improve activities of respiratory complex enzymes and myocardial energy metabolism to treat heart failure.


In this paper we present an efficient method for equalizing the wireless channel in DSP-based radio architectures. Equalization is usually performed in the time domain via transversal filters. Our proposal performs the channel equalization in the frequency domain by adjusting scalar gains and phases of each path of a perfect reconstruction filter bank. In this process the spectral products form a composite channel-equalizer and matched filter frequency response with uniform gain and phase profiles. This process cancels severe signal distortion caused by the multipath channel. The appropriate gain and phase profiles can be obtained adaptively or from a channel probe. In this paper the frequency domain equalization method is applied in fully digital receivers containing perfect reconstruction (PR) polyphase filter banks designed to synthesize arbitrary filter responses. The output ports of an M-path analysis channelizer present samples of the narrow band complex envelope from spectral segments spanning the entire signal bandwidth. Appropriate scalar gains and phase shifts are applied to each path to reverse the distortion caused by the wireless channel. An estimation block guides the selection of the proper parameter values. Trade-off considerations between total workload and receiver performance influence the selection of the number of IFFT spectral sample points in the analysis channelizer. The channelizer spectral response interacts with the applied gains to form a "connect the dots" piece-wise linear approximation to any specified frequency response. Theoretical analysis and simulation results, which prove the efficacy of the proposed method, are provided in this paper along with suggestions for further research and development work.


The different controls of water hyacinth, an invasive species of tropical and subtropical environ-ments, have demonstrated some limitations requiring additional monitoring tasks to maintain the ecological balance. Therefore, quantifying and valuing this aquatic biomass becomes a sustainable management alternative. However, the water hyacinth estimation remains a challenging task in developing countries with regard to the used methods: empirical relationships between yield and production indices calculated experimentally, structural parameters measured or calculated through specific experiments (not dynamic), etc. These methods lose precision depending on the type of plant, cultural methods and practices and the seasons. Then, it becomes urgent to develop a dynamic estimation method with a proven track record of reliability despite the inconsistency of the factors mentioned above. This article contributes to the improvement of aquatic biomass estimation by proposing a Computer Vision based solution for estimating fresh mass of water hyacinth. To achieve this goal, the morphology of the species is assessed and an XML classifier is developed. This model is then implemented in a mobile app facilitating its end use. The proposed algorithm demonstrated a mean average precision of 96.89%. Considering the recorded level of accurateness, the developed method can be used to estimate different types of biomass.


This paper examines the effects of private property ownership on women based on a case study in Kathmandu, Nepal. The results show that a higher proportion of women property owners were better educated, had bank accounts and made household financial decisions, had voted in the most recent elections and were satisfied with their lives compared to women without any property. However, these two groups of women were not statistically different in their employment experience, use of contraceptives, and in their experience of domestic conflict.


The utility model discloses a novel automatic hydraulic upward deviation-adjusting device which comprises a hydraulic control system, a push oil cylinder, deviation-adjusting idler roller brackets, a four-bar linkage, a main frame, a combined power pump impeller and idler rollers, wherein the deviation-adjusting idler roller brackets are arranged on the main frame and connected with the push oil cylinder through the four-bar linkage; the hydraulic control system is also arranged on the main frame and provided with a hydraulically-operated reversing device; and the combined power pump impeller is connected with the hydraulic control system and automatically tilts forwards or backwards according to the deviating directions of a belt. The novel hydraulic automatic upward deviation-adjusting device adopts a structure with two deviation-adjusting idler rollers which are connected through the four-bar linkage and rotate synchronously, so that the deviation-adjusting effect is better. The device has a high integrated level in design, manufacture, installation and adjustment, greatly reduces the labor intensity of workers, and improves the labor efficiency.


The dynamics of the amino−imino double proton-transfer tautomerism reaction of the 2-aminopyridine (2AP)/acetic acid system in hexane have been investigated with steady-state absorption, steady-state fluorescence, and picosecond time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopies. It has been confirmed that the double proton-transfer reaction takes place in the excited state of the double hydrogen-bonded complex of 2AP with acetic acid. The imino tautomer fluorescence shows a rise behavior with a 5 ps time constant at 480 nm, while a decay with a 5 ps time constant has been observed at 360 nm. The rate of this kinetics is reduced to 7 ps with deuterium substitution. From the comparison with the steady-state fluorescence spectra of proton-transferred model compounds, the 5 ps decaying species has been identified as the intermediate in which one proton is transferred from acetic acid to 2AP. It is thus concluded that the 5 ps time constant represents the second proton-transfer process which follows the first proton t...


Abstract ONE of the serious problems confronting the poultry industry in the United States is the decrease in per capita consumption of eggs. In 1952 the average person in the United States was reportedly eating 390 eggs per year. In 1965 the per capita egg consumption is expected to drop to 307 (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1963). There are, undoubtedly, several reasons for this drastic drop in egg consumption. After World War II, red meat was in short supply, and many consumers substituted the protein of eggs for red meat. Today, red meat is in ample supply and the incomes of consumers are at record levels, but the consumption of eggs continues to decrease. Eggs have, in the past, been very popular as a breakfast food, but most people do not eat as hearty a breakfast as in years gone by. Many people feel that the main reason for decreasing egg …


In design process, visual representation bridges creative thoughts, communication flow and personality style, as well as accomplishes the transformation from an idea to a physical image. Rational thinking and emotional expression supplement each other but not fetter. A designer can reach to the delicate and extensive realm of thought to show the high level of amalgamation of appearance and spirit in art representation when understanding the dialectical relationship between ideas and images.