With the advantages of benign mechanical property, electrochemical stability, and low cost, graphite fibers (GFs) have been widely used as electrodes for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). However, GFs usually possess inferior electrochemical activity and ion diffusion kinetics for electrode reaction, vastly limiting their application in VRFBs. Here, a 3D carbon nanonetwork coated GFs with multi-heteroatom doping was constructed for application in VRFBs via low temperature polymerization between linear polymer monomer and phytic acid, and subsequent carbonization (900 °C) on the GFs (GF@PCNs-900). Benefiting from the 3D structural features and multi-heteroatom doping (O, N and P), the composite electrode displayed sufficient diffusion of vanadium ions, rapid electron conduction, and highly enhanced electrochemical activity of reactive site on the electrodes. As a result, the GF@PCNs-900 delivered a high discharge capacity of 21 Ah L−1 and energy efficiency of above 70% with extraordinary stability during 200 cycles at 200 mA cm−2. Even at a huge current density of 400 mA cm−2, the GF@PCNs-900 still maintained a discharge capacity of 5.0 Ah L−1, indicating an excellent rate of performance for VRFBs. Such design strategy opens up a clear view for further development of energy storage field.


Racially-homogeneous environments provide limited experience with other-race faces (Oruc et al. 2019). According to the contact hypothesis, this, in part, leads to an impairment in other-race face recognition yet does not predict what impact a racially-heterogenous face-diet may have on face expertise. To complement and extend the contact hypothesis, we propose three new models: (1) the experience-limited, (2) the capacity-limited, and (3) the enhancement hypotheses, for the role of exposure in face expertise. Based on the experience-limited account native-level face recognition can be achieved for multiple races with sufficient experience. The capacity-limited account predicts exposure to multiple races may impact face expertise detrimentally. Lastly, the enhancement account posits advantages of a racially-heterogenous face-diet. In two experiments, we compared face recognition in a dual-exposure group with sustained high exposure to Caucasian and East Asian faces to two respective mono-exposure groups. We found native-like recognition in the dual-exposure group for both Caucasian and East Asian faces. Our results showed neither an advantage, nor a disadvantage for racially-heterogenous face exposure, hence supporting the experience-limited account of face expertise. We conclude that exposure to multiple face races is not detrimental to face recognition ability. To achieve native-level face expertise, a racially-homogenous face diet is not required.


INTRODUCTION
Recent advances in the preservation and processing of amnion/chorion tissue have dramatically increased the bioavailability of these wound healing factors as well as the shelf life of their related tissue products, allowing for a surge in clinical use. Many studies, including basic science, clinical trials, and randomized controlled trials, have emerged examining the biologic properties of amnion/chorion membrane products and their efficacy in wound healing.

OBJECTIVE
A literature review was conducted regarding the safety and efficacy of amniotic membrane adjuncts.

METHODS
The PubMed and MEDLINE databases were queried and sorted based on clinical trials with publication dates ranging from 2013 to 2017. Only studies pertaining to human subjects were included for review.

RESULTS
Amnion/chorion membranes have been studied in the treatment of burns, diabetic foot ulcers, fistulas, ocular defects, and venous leg ulcers, among other wounds. Amnion/chorion allografts were found to be beneficial in the setting of difficult-to-heal fistulas and were effective in treating diabetic and venous ulcers when combined with standard therapy.

CONCLUSIONS
Overall, clinical trials have demonstrated that patients treated with amniotic membrane products have increased rates of wound healing compared with the standard of care. Additional trials are needed to examine more amnion/chorion membrane products.


Effects of Zeeman splitting and spin-orbit scattering on the resistance in two-dimensional disordered systems are theoretically studied. The field dependence of the magnetoresistance is shown to have the characteristic anisotropy. The present theory explains the qualitative features of the experimental observations by Komori et al. in Cu granular films.


A 3-dimensional model was developed to support mechanistic studies. The model solves the global primitive equations in isentropic coordinates, which directly characterize diabatic processes forcing the Brewer-Dobson circulation of the middle atmosphere. It's numerical formulation is based on Hough harmonics, which partition horizontal motion into its rotational and divergent components. These computational features, along with others, enable 3D integrations to be performed practically on RISC computer architecture, on which they can be iterated to support mechanistic studies. The model conserves potential vorticity quite accurately under adiabatic conditions. Forced by observed tropospheric structure, in which integrations are anchored, the model generates a diabatic circulation that is consistent with satellite observations of tracer behavior and diabatic cooling rates. The model includes a basic but fairly complete treatment of gas-phase photochemistry that represents some 20 chemical species and 50 governing reactions with diurnally-varying shortwave absorption. The model thus provides a reliable framework to study transport and underlying diabatic processes, which can then be compared against chemical and dynamical structure observed and in GCM integrations. Integrations with the Langley GCM were performed to diagnose feedback between simulated convection and the tropical circulation. These were studied in relation to tropospheric properties controlling moisture convergence and environmental conditions supporting deep convection, for comparison against mechanistic integrations of wave CISK that successfully reproduce the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) of the tropical circulation. These comparisons were aimed at identifying and ultimately improving aspects of the convective simulation, with the objective of recovering a successful simulation of the MJO in the Langley GCM, behavior that should be important to budgets of upper-tropospheric water vapor and chemical species.


In this paper we show the preliminary results about fabrication of an optical fiber refractometer based on multimode interference effects (MMI) provided with Universal pH Indicator coating. The layer, deposited by coating dip-coating technique, allows increase the refractometer sensitivity which is around 344.5054 nm/RIU in a range of 1.333 to 1.4223. Highly repetitive and reversible refractometer have been achieved using a simple fabrication process. The device shown offers the possibility to be used as instrument to identify substances included aggressive liquids as gasoline.


Although natural resource scarcity and uncertainty are critical issues for many organizations, management scholars have largely overlooked this topic. Drawing on the literatures on corporate sustai...


Hydrazine is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical structure N 2 H 4 . Hydrazine a colorless flammable liquid compound. Hydrazine is very toxic and unstable compound, also hydrazine is a strong reducing agent. This compound easily ignites in the air, generating a large amount of heat and the composition of nitrogen gas and water. Symptoms of acute (short-term) exposure to high levels of hydrazine may include irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, dizziness, headache and nausea. Acute exposure can also damage the liver, kidneys and central nervous system. Cases of lungs, liver, spleen and thyroid infection in animals exposed to hydrazine have been reported by inhalation. Increased lung injury, nasal cavity, and liver tumors were observed in rodents exposed to hydrazine . This work involves the development of a fast and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace of hydrazine, the method based on the reduction of ferric ions by hydrazing to ferrous ions, and finally the later reacts with the reagent (2,2'-bipyridyl) at 60°C to form a stable red-pink complex, this complex is soluble in water and gave absorption maxima at 523 nm. Beer's law was agreed with range (50-800) µg of hydrazine per 25 ml (i.e: 2-32 ppm), with a corresponding molar absorptivity of 5.6×10 3 l.mol -1 .cm -1 , Sandell's sensitivity index of  0.02 µg.cm -2 limit of quantitation of 0.3 µg/ml, limit of defection 0.1 µg/ml , and finally average relative standard deviation of + 1.25%, depend on the concentration level. This method had been applied successfully to determination of hydrazine amount in different samples water (tap water, river water and sea water).


Review Article This essay attempts to address the problem of citizenship education in Hong Kong. As an international financial hub, Hong Kong should educate the next generation to have a more globalised perspective. That is, globalisation is now steering towards the advancement of new science and technology. Hence, the world is now increasingly becoming more interconnected and interdependent. Hong Kong has reunified with China, and thus should have a better understanding of its culture and policies, etc. As such, Hong Kong's younger generations should receive citizenship education in order to have a better understanding of its related national status. The above two schools of thought has caused heated controversy about citizenship education in Hong Kong. There is a dilemma for deciding whether a global or national priority is more important for citizenship education in Hong Kong. Furthermore, specific topics that best suit Hong Kong's circumstances must be included in the curriculum.


The accuracy of the head model affects on the solutions of the EEG inverse problems. If a simple three-sphere model and standard conductivity values for brain, skull and scalp regions are used, significant errors may occur. One of the most sensitive head model parameters is the conductivity of the skull. A realistic three-dimensional finite-element model provides a method to study the effect of inhomogeneities of the skull on the estimates of EEG inverse problems. In this paper effect of a skull conductivity inhomogeneity on dipole localization accuracy and on cortical potential estimation are analysed by computer simulations. It is shown that if inhomogeneity of the skull conductivity is not taken into account, localization errors that are approximately 1 cm can be encountered in the equivalent current dipole estimation and in the cortical potential estimation.


OBJECTIVE
To establish the reference ranges of serum thyroid hormones and urine iodine in early pregnancy.

METHODS
The study included 368 early pregnant women who underwent their routine antenatal care in Obstetric Clinic of Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The level of serum thyroid hormones was tested by automatic chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer. The value of urine iodine was tested by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The reference ranges were decided by twoside limits( the 2. 5th and 97. 5th percentile values).

RESULTS
The reference ranges of serum thyroid hormones in early pregnancy: FT3 3. 74- 5. 88 pmol/L, FT4 12. 54-20. 15 pmol/L, TSH 0. 12- 3. 48 mU/L. The reference ranges of individual urinary iodine concentration was 31- 543 μg/L.

CONCLUSION
The reference ranges of serum thyroid hormones and individual urinary iodine in early pregnancy are established based on laboratory testing results.


Multilayer systems consisting of flame retarded and reinforced layers of recycled polymer were formed. The structure and the thickness of the interfacial layer between the phases were analysed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Raman microscopy. The sequence order of the layers was varied for achieving improvement in both the flame retardancy and mechanical performance of recycled polymers and for obtaining upcycled product this way. Investigation of injection moulded and compression moulded products demonstrated the advantage of reinforced core and flame retarded shell over the opposite structure. The multilayered structure was found an economic way for producing recycled polymer materials of improved fire resistance, flexural strength and modulus.


This paper analyzes some problems existing in traditional management mode of university library and college/department reference room, expounds the necessity and significance of implementing the integrated construction of university library and college/department reference room, and probes into the countermeasures for implementing the integrated construction of university library and college/department reference room.


Simple Summary Cancer cells harbor many genetic abnormalities, but the key oncogenic pathways that lead to clinically evident cancer require driver mutations termed actionable mutations. These actionable mutations can be detected using genomic profiling or next-generation sequencing tests. This discovery has led to a tremendous change in treatment regimens from standard chemotherapy to targeted therapy where drugs are specifically targeted against these actionable mutations. Due to the cost-effectiveness and various testing platforms, utilization of these tests by oncologists has increased enormously, but the impact of targeted therapy based on these test results is still understudied. We aimed to identify the clinical utility rate of the tests and analyze the survival benefit for those receiving targeted therapy based on the test results of gynecologic cancer patients. Our findings showed high clinical utility of the tests used by gynecologic oncologists along with a significant survival benefit. Abstract Next generation sequencing (NGS) has facilitated the identification of molecularly targeted therapies. However, clinical utility is an emerging challenge. Our objective was to identify the clinical utility of NGS testing in gynecologic cancers. A retrospective review of clinico-pathologic data was performed on 299 gynecological cancers where NGS testing had been performed to identify (1) recognition of actionable targets for therapy, (2) whether the therapy changed based on the findings, and (3) the impact on survival. High grade serous carcinoma was the most common tumor (52.5%). The number of genetic alterations ranged from 0 to 25 with a mean of 2.8/case. The most altered genes were TP53, PIK3CA, BRCA1 and BRCA2. Among 299 patients, 100 had actionable alterations (79 received a targeted treatment (Group1), 29 did not receive treatment (Group 2), and there were no actionable alterations in 199 (Group3). The death rate in groups 1, 2 and 3 was 54.4%, 42.8% and 50.2%, with an average survival of 18.6, 6.6 and 10.8 months, respectively (p = 0.002). In summary, NGS testing for gynecologic cancers detected 33.4% of actionable alterations with a high clinical action rate. Along with the high clinical utility of NGS, testing also seemed to improve survival for patients who received targeted treatment.


An efficient VLSI architecture for two-dimension DWT is proposed and illustrated in detail for the CDF9/7 wavelet transform.The improved lifting scheme is adopted to reduce the critical path delay.Coefficients of the multipliers are transformed into CSD forms and then the multiplications are substituted by shift-add operations.The row transform and column transform are running simultaneously and pipeline design is used to optimize the architecture.This architecture is implemented through behavioral VHDL.The results are identical with those of the software simulation,and thus the validity of this architecture is proved.Compared with other architectures,this one has the advantages of faster computation time and almost 100% hardware utilization.


Nanoparticle aggregates have been found to possess unique mechanical properties. Aggregates of metal nanoparticles can be strained up to 100% before failure, and even typically brittle materials are observed to have a ductile failure mode. In this effort two materials; namely silver and silicon, were chosen to represent ductile and brittle materials, respectively. Aggregates with 2 to 6 particles were simulated using the molecular dynamics (MD) algorithm to determine the stress-strain behavior of the aggregate. Many interesting observations are made including the negligible affect of strain rate on ultimate tensile strength, and the direct relationship between Young's modulus and nanoparticle size.


ABSTRACT In the twenty-first century, meeting our technological challenges demands educational excellence, a skilled populace that is ready for the critical challenges society faces. There is widespread consensus, however, that education systems are failing to adequately prepare all students with the essential twenty-first century knowledge and skills necessary to succeed in life, career, and citizenship. The purpose of this paper is to understand how twenty-first century knowledge and skills can be appropriately embedded in engineering education finalised to innovative product development by using additive manufacturing (AM). The study designs a learning model by which to achieve effective AM education to address the requirements of twenty-first century and to offer students the occasion to experiment with STEM (Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) concepts. The study is conducted using the quality function deployment (QFD) methodology.


In this article, an effective method to reduce the mutual coupling between the antipodal tapered slot antenna (ATSA) array is proposed. This method is mainly implemented by loading a set of decoupling structures (DS) perpendicular to the dielectric substrate between two antenna elements. The proposed DS can provide transmission forbidden band which can effectively prevent leaked electromagnetic waves. DS can operate in most frequency bands within 4 to 17.5 GHz. It can enhance about 23 dB isolation between the ATSA array without affecting bandwidth and radiation characteristics. The proposed ATSA arrays are fabricated and tested. The measured results can verify its excellent properties. The proposed broadband decoupling method is a suitable candidate for restrain mutual coupling of ultra‐wideband planar end‐fire antennas. This design sheds new light on broadband decoupling.


Study was conducted in the southern parts of the sedimentary plain located within the administrative borders of Basra Governorate, which is confined between the Shatt Al-Arab in the east and Al-Dabdaba formation in the west, and between the Euphrates River in the north, and up to the Abi Al-Khaseeb district in the south. ',lies Between longitude and latitude 47  ̄ 45 47  ̄ 43 east and 30 21-30 18 ̄ north an area of 2819.06 km. The study aims to know the importance of using some indicators and spectral evidence (salinity index, vegetation index, vegetative difference index, simple percentage index) in the study of detection and analysis and rates of variation in vegetation and types of degradation of sedimentary soils affected by salts and the state of saline degradation of soils and vegetation and its rates for different time periods, Adopting field work, remote sensing technology and GIS. The study area was deducted from Landsat 2017, 2014, 2000 satellite imagery using the (ERDAS IMAGINE, 2013) program and through the data obtained by the USGS Mapping Sensors, then the treatment and correction operations were performed. Also, some operations and relationships were conducted on multi-time Satellite images to extract some evidence related to the research topic such as the Salinity index (SI), Normalized Difference Vegetation index((NDVI), Simple Ratio (SR), and Standard Generalized Difference Vegetation Index(GDVI). Soil units were separated according to the SI categories and 8 locations on the ground were selected by the GPS device as a typical reality and representative of the soil pedons, as were identified three locations for sampling by Auger to the depths (0-10) (10-20) (20-30) (30-40) (40-100) cm Then the correlation results showed a strong relationship between spectral evidence and the values of the bands, also found that GDVI index had different values according to the years, and that their values were greater than the NDVI index values, as the index values in the 2000 satellite image had a range of 0.24617-0.592415) and (0.048472-0.136140) and in the middle of a range of 0.4192945 and 0.092306 for the above two guides, respectively. Then there was a clear increase in the range of values for both guides in 2014, as the ranges and middle of a ranges for them ranged between (0.670257-0.4504915) and (0.080789-0.155065) And in the middle range of 0.56037425 and 0.117927, respectively. In the image captured at 2017, there was a clear decrease in the range of values and middle of a range values for them, as they ranged between (0.7455220.39296759) and (0.0287505-0.016994) in the middle of a range of 0.56924479 and -0.0058782, respectively. The study found two classes of degradation that was weak degradation and very severe degradation.


Chronic alcohol consumption is more frequently associated with advanced, aggressive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors. Alcohol adversely impacts ER/Golgi membrane trafficking and Golgi protein N‐glycosylation in hepatocytes; these effects have been attributed (in part) to dysregulated adenosine diphosphate‐ribosylation factor (ARF) GTPase signaling. Here, we investigated the role of the ARF GTPase guanine exchange factor PSD4 in HCC progression.


Release of renal pressor substances ("renin") was tested by grafting of a kidney onto a bilaterally nephrectomized rat. Partially infarcted kidneys showed a significant decrease in "renin" release compared to control kidneys, whether they were derived from rats developing hyper-tension or from those not accompained by hypertension because of the treatment of chronic oral administration of hydralazine. "Renin" release from control kidneys was neither affected by hydralazine treatment.


Integrating tactile sensors into robotic applications is still a challenge because of sensor interconnection and various form factors. Newly developed magnetic synapse sensors have high sensitivity and remote sensing capability, but integration with a robotic finger is an issue because of the air-transmitting tubes that need to be connected from the sensor to the remotely located base unit. This study proposes an integrated design of a multijoint robotic finger with magnetic synapse sensors inspired by the human's joint structure and synapse system. The joint unit inspired by human's finger joints for the usage of the magnetic synapse sensors can easily has hollow channels and insert air-transmitting tubes through a rotating joint compared to the traditional pin joint. The rolling contact joint also minimizes the length variation of the tube when the joint rotates because the center of rotation changes. Modularized sensor units capable of changing the sensor sensitivity and sensing range have been developed and applied to the remote tactile sensing system. A three-finger gripper with three joints per finger with an integrated three-tactile sensor array was prototyped to explore the feasibility of the units. The sensor sensitivity was 0.016 mV/kPa and the sensing range was 350 kPa. The robotic fingers integrated with a high-sensitivity sensor array can grasp objects with various shapes and compliance (i.e., artificial flowers, paper cups, and wine glasses) without damaging the objects using tactile feedback.


This paper presents the active power control of a BESS to reduce the PV power fluctuation problem by using the ramp rate control technique, including the C-rate parameter for the AC microgrid system applications, by simulating and designing the battery management system (BMS). The suitable power of BESS power rating can be estimated from the power ramp rate (PRR) of the PV power generation system. Based on the simulated results, it is found that high electrical discharge caused the temperature inside the battery to rise higher than that of low-voltage discharge, and with the simulation results from Real Battery Management System Program, the software can control the charging and discharging of BESS's active power and display real-time results via the display screen.


Positionging method of offshore operation is expounded.And from discussion of Calculation method and its accuracy,selecting requirements and points for attention are described.Finally,the corresponding formula for calculation and correction is given.


ABSTRACT Murray & Trevarthen (1986) experimentally manipulated the behaviours of mothers and infants in an attempt to determine who is responsible for the fine temporal patterning during vocal engagements. In the present note it is argued that the measures of content and style of maternal talk used by Murray and Trevarthen do not directly indicate the ways in which the behaviours of the partners are combined on a moment-to-moment basis.


Crystal water plays a crucial role towards the multifunctional properties of Prussian blue and its analogue (PBA) compounds. We have investigated the dynamics of crystal water in Prussian blue (PB), Fe(III)4(Fe(II)(CN)6)3 .1 4H2 Ou sing Quasielastic Neutron Scattering (QENS). In PB, water molecules exist in the spherical cavity, created due to the vacant sites of Fe(CN)6 units, and also at interstitial sites. QENS data showed that dynamics evolves with increase in temperature. The observed dynamics has been correlated quantitatively with the different water molecules that exist at different sites of the lattice. It is found that only the non-coordinated water molecules contribute to the dynamics at low temperature, and others start contributing progressively with increasing temperature. A detailed data analysis showed that the water molecules undergo a localized translational diffusion. The estimated spatial domain of dynamics is found to be compatible with the geometry of the structure.


Many infinite two‐dimensional electromagnetic‐scattering problems are strictly equivalent to the configuration obtained from the image principle by placing a finite‐scattering obstacle between two parallel, infinite, and perfectly conducting planes and illuminating it with a plane or cylindrical incident wave confined to the parallel‐plate region.An experimental approximation to this arrangement is described for use in the 3‐centimeter wavelength region. Finite rectangular parallel metal plates support a transverse incident electromagnetic wave with the electric field oriented perpendicular to the plates. Absorbing wedges at the boundary of the region reduce reflections from this discontinuity. The electromagnetic field scattered from any particular obstacle may be investigated by means of a dipole probe introduced into the region through a moveable section of one of the plates.The success of this technique is demonstrated by comparing measurements of the total field scattered by infinite conducting wedge...


Crystals of the title compound are orthorhombic, with a= 16.184(1), b= 13.251 (1), c= 6.999(1)A, Z= 4, space group Pnma. The structure was solved by the symbolic-addition procedure and refined by the method of least squares to R 0.06 for 639 observed reflections. The molecules have an adamantane-like structure with four carbon atoms lying near the corners of a tetrahedron and the six BMe groups lying above the edges. The molecular symmetry approximetes to 3m and the mean B–C distance is 1.564 A.


At present, there is a problem of the lack of an expedited process, which guarantees the payment of money paid by the alleged parent in the trial of a pregnant woman, when the presumption of paternity has been distorted. With the new trends of DNA, applied within the paternity recognition trials, paternity can be determined with precision, being this the ideal probative means, within the aforementioned process. The justifications for the payment of food, are mainly oriented to protect and guarantee the full development of the unborn and the pregnant woman, covered by the principle of superior interest and with respect to the pregnant woman being considered with in a priority attention group. However, the fact of affecting a assets of person under these circumstances is compressible, what is not possible is that the law does not formulate an agile way, that facilitates the return of the paid, when the formal bond that in principle was the Basis of the collection of food, has been discarded. This thesis is intended to demonstrate the lack of guarantee that the alleged parent has, so that his money is returned expeditiously within a summary process, and before the authority that first ordered the payment of food when it existed the justification. Finally, it will be concluded if such reimbursement action is feasible, if under what procedure would be done and what proposal is considered, or otherwise will be distorted this proposal and ratify that the conclusions of the legislators, not empowering in the specialized law an expedited procedure, has a convincing justification that does not allow the payment of what is paid for food.


The rise of web 2.0 tools over the latter half of the 2000s has sparked a new wave of enthusiasm as to the perceived benefits of technology in education. Although the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to support online communication and collaboration is not a new phenomenon, it can be argued that web 2.0 tools combined with the new conditions of cheaper, faster and the 'always-on' mode of Internet connectivity now seem to carry unquestionable promises for the future of education. As such, the editors of Online Communication and Collaboration: A Reader aim to collate a range of articles that combine the 'classic and up-to-date', as well as the 'academic' and the 'popular' in order to blend 'scholarly rigour with readability' (p. xii). Their intention is, therefore, to provide an overview of 'the way we communicate and interact together, enabled by technology' (p. xii) as well as 'to contribute to further understanding and improved practice of online communication and collaboration' (p. xiii). Following the long tradition of Open University (OU) readers, the editors have succeeded in assembling a wide collection of papers that vary in subject-matter, theoretical perspective and depth, but nevertheless fit together into a coherent whole. In cases where an appropriate third-party article was not available, the editors acknowledged that they produced 'original material . . . grounded in our own areas of expertise' (p. xii). There are a total of 22 chapters divided into eight different sections. Part I focuses on the theoretical approaches with regards to how people 'work in groups' thereby giving the reader a brief overview of the benefits of asynchronous communication through the use of the online forum. Part II introduces the concept of 'collaborative technologies' and provides an overview of the often obtuse academic field of computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW). This section takes both a theoretical and a critical stance on the topic as well as providing a model for evaluating collaborative technologies. Part III looks more deeply into the use of 'wikis' and 'instant messaging' as collaborative tools, whilst Part IV presents (in a single chapter) a case study of the Linux open-source operating system. Parts V and VI, respectively, look at the concept of 'online communities' especially through virtual worlds such as MUD and Second Life. Part VII of the Reader then goes on to offer a more general overview of web 2.0 and present opposing views with regards to the perceived societal and educational benefits of these tools, whilst the final section of the book examines the evolution of social networking sites. If much of the preceding synopsis is unfamiliar in terms of acronyms and jargon, then this book may be of some use offering a quick 'way in' to an often confusing (and sometimes confused) set of literatures. Yet, there is perhaps less here for the already initiated reader. Notwithstanding the good intentions of the editors, Online Communication and Collaboration: A Reader at times reads like an informative, yet Evaluation & Research in Education Vol. 24, No. 2, June 2011, 159 161


State-to-state vibrational energy transfer and electronic quenching in the lower vibrational levels, v' <EQ 3 of the B3II (Ou+) state of 79Br2 were investigated using spectrally resolved, temporally resolved laser induced fluorescence techniques. Spectrally resolved emissions from collisionally populated Br2 (B) vibrational levels were observed for Br2 and rare gas collision partners. Vibrational transfer is quite efficient in the non-predissociated levels and is adequately described by the Montroll- Shuler model for harmonic oscillators. A fundamental rate coefficient for vibrational transfer from v' equals 1 to v' equals 0, kv (1,0), was used to characterize vibrational relaxation.


The superfluid behavior of ultracold atomic Fermi gases with a short range attractive interaction in a two‐dimensional optical lattice (2DOL) is studied using a pairing fluctuation theory, within the context of BCS‐BEC crossover. It is found that the mixing of lattice and continuum dimensions leads to exotic phenomena. For relatively large lattice constant d and small hopping integral t, the superfluid transition temperature Tc$T_c$ exhibits a remarkable reentrant behavior as a function of the interaction strength, and leads to a pair density wave ground state, where Tc$T_c$ vanishes, for a range of intermediate coupling strength. In the unitary and BCS regimes, the nature of the in‐plane and overall pairing changes from particle‐like to hole‐like, with an unexpected nonmonotonic dependence of the chemical potential on the pairing strength. The Bose–Einstein condensation asymptotic behaviors exhibit distinct power law dependencies on the interaction strength compared to cases of pure 3D lattice, 3D continuum, and 1DOL. These predictions can be tested in future experiments.


An attempt has been made to study the forced degradation behavior of ziprasidone hydrochloride by LC-MS/MS ,and hence to develop a new, sensitive, stability indicating gradient UHPLC Related substances & assay method for the quantitative determination of ziprasidone in the Bulk drugs. The chromatographic separation of ziprasidone & impurities was achieved onWatersAcquityBEHC18, 100 i'´ 2.1mm, 1.7imcolumnwithin a short run time of 8min, and using the simple mobile phase combination of buffer and Acetonitrile. Buffer consists of 0.01MAmmoniumacetate pH 5.0, delivered in a gradient mode and quantitation was carried out using ultraviolet detection at 254nm with a flow rate of 0.2mL min-1. The same method was also extended to LC-MS/MS studies which were carried out to identify the degradation product. In the developed UHPLC method the resolution (Rs) between ziprasidone and its four potential process impurities were found to be greater than 2.0. Regression analysis shows an r2value (correlation coefficient) of greater than 0.99 for ziprasidone and itÂ's all the four potential impurities. This method was capable to detect the four impurities of ziprasidone at a level of 0.002%(0.01ig mL-1) with respect to test concentration of 0.5mg mL-1 for a 1iL injection volume & also the all possible degradants formed during the stress studies. The drug substances were subjected to stress conditions of hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradation. Considerable degradation was found to occur in base stress and oxidative conditions. The stressed test solutions were assayed against the qualified working standard of ziprasidone and the mass balance in each case was close to 99.8% indicating that the developed method was stability-indicating. The developed RP-UHPLCmethod was validated


Rice is the staple food of Sri Lankans and both parboiled and raw rice forms of medium and slender grain types are popular in Sri Lanka. These two shaped grain varieties were selected and the optimum presoaking duration was calculated using the Peleg's model. The optimum rice to water ratios were determined for different rice types. A three factor factorial experiment was used to analyse the cooking energy and cooking time, considering the grain shape, rice grain process condition and pre-cooking condition. Soaking durations for 86% rice grain saturation was 10 minutes for both shapes in raw form and the optimum rice: water ratio was 1:2. Parboiled forms, slender grains and un-soaked rice consumed considerably higher amounts of cooking energy and time than raw rice forms, medium type grains and pre-soaked rice. When considering pre-cooking condition and process condition, highest cooking energy and time is consumed by un-soaked parboiled form of rice. Pre-soaked raw rice requires the least and saved about 40% of energy and time compared to the unsoaked parboiled rice. With respect to process condition and grain type, Parboiled slender grains consume the highest cooking energy and cooking time while cooking Raw medium type grains saves about 40% of those requirements. INTRODUCTION Energy cost is one of the most important issues in Sri Lanka similar to most of the countries in the world. At present, the highest amount of primary energy in Sri Lanka is provided by the biomass (43%), followed by the petroleum (37%), hydropower (13%) and coal (4%). Electricity remains as the main secondary energy source (Energy, 2015). According to the available statistics in 2014, households, commercial and other sectors accounted for the largest share of energy being 44.7% while the transport and industry sector accounted for 29.4% and 25.9%, respectively (SLSEA, 2014). Another study reveals that 50% of domestic energy use is for Vol. 56, No. 3 / 2017 204 cooking purposes (Wijayatunga, Attalage, 2002). In the cooking context, rice is the staple food which is consumed two or three meals a day in almost all households and the per-capita rice consumption is about 105 kg/year (WorldBank, 2010). Therefore, rice cooking accounts for a significant fraction of the cooking energy at each household; a population of 20.8 million cooks approximately 2.18 million tons of rice annually. Energy conservation in rice cooking has a national importance in reducing cost of living and minimizes the national energy crisis while reducing greenhouse gas emissions to the environment. The basic dimension used for the rice grain classification is size (length of the grain) and the shape (length/width ratio). Both USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) and FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) classification systems are being used by the scientists. Out of different rice grain types, classified according to shape classification under both systems, slender and medium types are of the prime importance as they are the most popular two grain types consumed by Sri Lankans (Gunasekara, Dharmasena, 2011). A study has been carried out to investigate the effect of soaking on cooking energy conservation of a rice variety (Belleputana) (Roy, Shimuzu, Kimura, 2004). However, in this study only three selected soaking durations were considered instead of moisture saturation percentage and physical characteristics of grains. Two other studies have reported a comparison of energies to cook un-soaked and pre-soaked rice of the variety "Bangara Thigadu" with different cooking appliances (Das et al, 2006) and a kinetic analysis has been carried out for cooking at both pre-soaked and un-soaked conditions with different levels of water with the same paddy variety (Chakkaravarthi et al, 2008). The temperature on soaking had a significant effect on chemical composition, glycemic index and starch characteristics of rice (Kale et al, 2015). Effect of thermodynamic properties on pre-soaking was studied in another research and they have used five different temperatures as 35°C, 45°C, 55°C, 65°C and 75°C for soaking. Peleg model was used for curve fitting of the experimental data and the results revealed that the constants of the Peleg model (k1 and k2) decreased with increasing temperature, indicating a higher initial absorption rate and higher product water absorption capacity, respectively (Paulo et al, 2016). (Gunasekara, Dharmasena, 2011), the same research group of this study has studied the effect of grain shape and pre-soaking conditions and established a model for soaking pattern for two common polished rice grain types but limited only for parboiled rice. Therefore, the objective of this study was to extend the model for polished rice grain soaking patterns and to compare the effect of pre-soaking on cooking time and cooking energy of Raw and Parboiled rice as it has a paramount importance at national and global perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS As the consumer preference is mostly governed by the size and the shape of the rice grains, two popular varieties were selected to represent both long grain varieties and medium grain varieties as shown in Table 1 (Gunasekara, Dharmasena, 2011). Like most of the Sri Lankan rice varieties, the selected two varieties are falling into intermediate category (70 -74oC) according to their gelatinization temperature (Gunasekara, Dharmasena, 2011). Table 1 Classification of BG 360 and BG 94-1 rice varieties according to USDA and FAO classification system Rice variety Length (mm) Width (mm) Length/Width ratio Classification according to size (Length) Classification according to Shape (Length/Width) USDA FAO USDA FAO BG 94-1 6.58 1.87 3.66 Medium Long Slender Slender BG 360 4.5 1.72 2.67 Short Short Medium Medium A two-parameter empirical formula that was proposed by Peleg (Peleg, 1988) for milk powder was reported as satisfactory in modeling hydration kinetics in vacuum soaking of paddy (rough rice) (Bello, Tolaba, Suarez, 2008). The same model was used to derive sorption curves for each of the factorial combinations after testing its fitness for sorption of polished rice grains. The Peleg model relates the instantaneous moisture content with the initial moisture content and the soaking time as given in equation (1).


The article asserts that the accumulation of the flammable composition will result in the furnace explosion, furtherly exposites some instances easily causing furnace explosion and points out the corresponding measures against explosion.


0.05). By a five years' follow-up survey, the survival rate of NSCLC patients with co-deletion of pl5/pl6 genes was obviously lower than that of patients without co-deletion (P


An analytical approach is presented for studying the response of a beam‐like structure being considered to act as an acoustic sensor under the excitation of a transient sound wave. First, the response of a Bernoulli‐Euler beam is modeled for a multi‐cycle transient wave excitation moving at a constant speed. For verification, the model is compared to other approaches by looking at extremes of the input. Then, to examine sensing requirements for the beams structure, the influence of various parameters on the ability to excite the sensor in the midfrequency region is investigated. The parameters considered include beam length, beam materials, amplitude of the transient pressure excitation, duration of the excitation, and the number of sinusoidal half‐cycles present in the transient excitation. Potential effects of the superposition of incident and reflected waves caused by the boundary conditions on the sensors response are discussed. [Work supported by the National Science Foundation.]


Aiming at unbalanced three-phase power grid voltage, traditional phase locked loop was not able to restrain the negative sequence component in unbalanced grid voltage, which led to the poor accuracy of phase. Based on the traditional three-phase software phase locked loop model, the paper proposed a design of differential decoupling phase-locked loop. Through differential decoupling algorithm, the positive sequence component could be extracted from the unbalanced voltage. By this way, the ability of three phase software phase locked loop to resist unbalanced voltage had been improved. In Matlab, the improved software phase-locked loop was simulated. Compared with the traditional phase locked loop, the differential decoupling phase-locked loop was not only able to track the phase of grid voltage unbalance accurately without delay, but had excellent dynamic phase tracking performance.


Germinated brown rice (GBR) has been proposed as a strategy to alleviate chronic disorders by delivering nutrients and biologically active substances, therefore, appropriate packaging materials and storage are necessary in order to preserve these bioactive phytochemicals. Therefore, this research investigated the bioactive compounds, antioxidant activities, and microbial load of GBR and ungerminated brown rice (UGBR) stored in low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) pouches for a period of nine months.The storage of GBR samples packed in LDPE and LLDPE was evaluated in terms of changes in moisture content (MC), water activity (aw), color (L* value), bioactive components, antioxidant activities, and microbial growth. The MC, aw, and L* values of GBR increased with prolonged storage, with a lesser increase observed in samples packed in LLDPE (from 9.47 to 10.94%, 0.394 to 0.507, and 59.24 to 70.68, respectively). The bioactive components, including γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), γ‐oryzanol, niacin, and total phenolic contents decreased in both packaging materials, but the decrease was minimum in samples packed in LLDPE (from 48.18 to 37.72 mg/100 g, 72.73 to 63.92 mg/100 g, 4.14 to 3.67%, and 87.60 to 78.69%, respectively). The antioxidant activities of GBR was preserved when packed in LLDPE pouches stored under ambient conditions. DPPH was increased from 83.11 to 71.85 μmol TE/100g and FRAP was decreased from 16.28 to 10.67 μmol TE/100g, respectively, in GBR samples packed in LLDPE. The increase in free fatty acids and total plate count was more rapid in samples packed in LDPE (0.24 to 0.46 mg KOH/100 g and 0.00 to 1.04 CFU/g, respectively), whereas the increase was effectively delayed in samples packed in LLDPE (0.24 to 0.37 mg KOH/100 g and 0.00 to 0.71 CFU/g, respectively).The present study concluded that the use of LLDPE as a packaging material for GBR could significantly retain its biologically active components and delay the deterioration of its quality during storage.Proper storage is crucial for maintaining the quality of rice from harvest to consumption, and the use of LDPE and LLDPE pouches as packaging materials for GBR presents a novel approach that has not been extensively explored. The results of the current study demonstrate that storage of GBR in LLDPE pouches proved to be a highly effective method for preserving the valuable biologically active components, highlighting the potential of this packaging material for extending the shelf life and maintaining the nutritional value of GBR.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Clinically focused, this book provides a resource for the development of a chronic disease nursing service. It provides an overview of chronic disease and of nursing within the context of policy development and the need to consider this when establishing a nursing service.


Genome wide data has transformed disease diagnostic and prognostic model development through the identification of molecular profiles. Enhanced molecular insight can be achieved by multiple -omic profile integration. Accordingly, we used a novel multistep integrative unsupervised approach, the network phenotyping strategy (NPS), for discovery of disease diagnostic/prognostic panels in resected NSCLC frozen tumor samples (n=81; 29 Stage IA/52 Stage IB). Whole genome gene expression and DNA methylation data was generated using Illumina BeadChips. In NPS step 1, the most common (>18% of the cohort) hypo- and hyper-methylated genes (lowest/highest β-score; n=31) were identified. In step 2, a subset of these genes was found to reside in networked multiple loci, co-protected against genetic variation by extreme (high n=10 or low n=6) incorporation energy costs, based on an exome entromic analysis. In step 3, maximal spanning tree reduction of a network of all 120 possible expression level relationships for these 16 genes, weighted by the correlation coefficients quantifying co-regulation, was used to identify the most informative sub-network, an 8-partite graph K8. For each partition, cases were dichotomized into groups where gene 1 was expressed at least 1.5x higher or lower relative to gene 2. In step 4, K8 cycle-decomposition revealed only 8 distinct gene expression patterns (C1-C8) representing nominally different molecular NSCLC subtypes. Characterization of individual tumor expression patterns was computed as the patient9s difference vector (ΔC) from C1-C8. Stage IA tumor gene expression patterns (overexpression of all 16 genes) most closely matched C1 (true positive rates 0.8 - 0.93 and false positive rates 0.2 - 0.07, ROC 0.9 in 10-fold cross-validation). For stage IB, these 16 gene expression levels were lower and heterogeneous. In step 5, we generated OS prediction models. The ΔCs were used in an alternating decision tree algorithm. Two rule sets were found, one for the high gene expression Stage IA tumors and the second for Stage IB. In a 10-fold cross-validation, the log-rank test for equality of survivor functions resulted in optimal OS separation at 1650 days (p Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4937. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4937


Alternative methods of building material production without compromising on quality have become vital to researchers lately. Site-manufacturing of 225mm hollow sandcrete block for walls was researched on with the aim of comparing its production cost with that of the outright purchase of the block in the market. Two similar twin 2-bedroom bungalows were designed; their cost estimates and the number of blocks required for each of the buildings were got. While blocks were site-moulded for one building on the acquired site, blocks were bought for the second building. This was done for the purpose of comparing costs of alternative methods of acquiring sandcrete blocks and ultimately comparing costs of 225mm thick blockwalls of the same materials. The walls were built between January and March 2013. Records of costs of labour and material were kept. Each of the two buildings used for the research consumed 4,800 blocks. For the site-moulded block alternative, a total cost savings of N182, 832 was achieved on the blocks used for the building, resulting in cost savings of 27.21 %. This alternative means of acquiring block material for walling is recommended to developers who are interested in cost savings and where time is not of essence.


Recently, applied psychological measurement researchers have become interested in the application of the generalized graded unfolding model (GGUM), a parametric item response theory model that posits an ideal point conception of the relationship between latent attributes and observed item responses. Little attention has been given to considerations for the detection of differential item functioning (DIF) under the GGUM. In this article, the authors present a Monte Carlo simulation meant to assess the efficacy of the likelihood ratio (LR) and differential functioning of items and tests (DFIT) frameworks, two popular ways of detecting DIF. Findings indicate a marked superiority of the LR approach over DFIT in terms of true and false positive rates under the GGUM. The discussion centers on possible explanations for the poor performance of the DFIT framework in detecting DIF under the GGUM and addresses limitations of the current study as well as future research directions.


This study discusses the combination of forward stratigraphic modelling, experimental design and surface modelling techniques in order to produce multiple plausible geological models calibrated at wells. Sensitivity analysis conducted on influencing environmental parameters allows a better understanding of the lateral heterogeneity of carbonate reservoirs using process-based approaches. It also provides a better control on future dynamic reservoir simulations. The deterministic 4D forward models incorporate bathymetric and thickness data in order to calculate basin subsidence through time. Carbonate production laws versus time, depth and wave/drift energy allow generating complex carbonate geometries as mounds, reefs, clinoforms. Such geometries are difficult to model with stochastic approaches that do not account for geological processes influencing carbonate production and transport. This innovative workflow is divided in three main steps: 1. A reference case forward stratigraphic model is manually calibrated to well data (thickness and texture calibration); 2. Experimental design and surface modelling approaches are used to screen all the inputted uncertain environmental parameters in order to assess the most influencing ones; 3. A second run of automated simulations using the previous techniques are used to generate highly calibrated and geologically plausible models, later assessed through sensitivity map analysis. The application of this workflow as alternative/complement to stochastic methodologies increases the confidence and predictability of static and dynamic facies models underlining the non-uniqueness of geological models.


Financial analysis of companies in modern Russia is considered to be the most developed and mastered procedure of financial management. However, there is a great distance between the calculation of the relative and the right interpretation of reduced data. This article does not only regulate generally known thesises of traditional financial analysis, but it also consideres the main problems of its practical use by Russian companies and makes some suggestions on the improvement of financial analysis quality.


TRL Cross-Verification Of Two Different Aspects Primality Recursion Intelligence Graded (Inter)-Order Causality Based Logical Deductions. (Out-Line) (Universal Engineering Series). ISSN 1751-3030.


Recent literature data on amino acid (AA) and energy needs and their relationship on performance of modern type laying hens are scarce. The effects of different dietary balanced protein intake levels (550, 600, 650 and 700 mg apparent fecal digestible (AFD) Lys/hen/d) at two different dietary energy intake levels (298 and 313 kcal/hen/d for maintenance (M) and above maintenance (AM)) were determined during peak of production (24-39 weeks of age) in ISA-Brown laying hens. All diets fed the following minimum AFD essential AA ratios to AFD Lys content: Met, 50; Met+Cys, 93; Thr, 66; Trp, 19; Ile, 79 and Val, 86. Six replicates of 12 individually housed hens by treatment were used. Water access was unlimited but feed was restricted to 105 and 112 g/h/d for M and AM energy level intake groups. Restricting the energy intake of laying hens to minimize weight gain, hardly affected egg production parameters but improved feed effi ciency (P≤ 0.05). Average weight gain of the low-energy-intake groups (M) was 19 g/h over the entire experimental period and was signifi cantly lower than the high-energy-intake groups (AM, 71 g/hen). Increasing the daily AA intake up to 650 mg Lys/hen/d maximized laying %. Hen weight signifi cantly increased between 550 and 650 mg AFD Lys intake, reaching a plateau above 650 mg AFD Lys. This indicates that a daily AFD Lys intake below 650 mg is not suffi cient to reach the maximum body protein accretion. Daily egg mass production and feed conversion, however, improved linearly up to the highest AFD Lys level (700 mg). Energy intake level did not affect performance response to daily AA intake. It can be concluded that the balanced protein requirement for maximum daily egg mass production and optimum feed conversion is probably higher than 700 mg AFD Lys/hen/d. Moreover, feed (energy) restriction enables steering of the body weight growth of laying hens during peak of production, and improves feed effi ciency.


Hemophilia is a hereditary coagulation disorder caused by a deficiency of either blood coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in hemophilia A, or blood coagulation factor IX (FIX) in hemophilia B. Affected hemophilia individuals have a life-long bleeding tendency with a variable phenotype of spontaneous hemorrhages, easy bruising, and prolonged bleeding following trauma. Repeated joint bleedings results in blood-induced joint damage and ultimately in hemophilic arthropathy. The aim of this thesis is to gain more insight in the pathophysiology of blood-induced joint damage and to establish new therapeutic modalities for the treatment of bloodinduced arthropathy. Several human in vitro and ex vivo studies involving patients with hemophilia, as well as animal in vivo studies have been performed in light of this aim.


Incidence of hyperuricemia increasing every year, in Indonesia prevalence incidence of hyperuricemia is 32% in people under 34 years. Decreasing uric acid level will preventing the onset of manifestation. Melinjo skin is trusted by indonesian can reduce uric acid level; This experimental was conducted on male swiss webster mice by dividing into 5 handling group: normal, dosage 0,065 mg/20gBB of etanol extract melinjo skin, dosage 0,13 mg/20gBB of etanol extract melinjo skin, dosage 0,26 mg/20gBB of etanol extract melinjo skin, and positive control using Allopurinol, then measuring uric acid level before and after group handling. This research was conducted in biomedical laboratory of Faculty of Medicine Unisba during April to May 2017; Three dosage group is compared with normal group resulting conclusion that etanol extract of melinjo skin can decrease uric acid level. Three dosage group is also compared with allopurinol the result is effective dose of etanol extract melinjo skin that can decrease uric acid level is 0,26 mg/20gBB; Melinjo skin containing antioxidant such as askorbat, tokoferol, flavonoid, saponin, and polifenol which is blocking formation of uric acid; etanol extract of melinjo skin can decrease uric acid level with 0,26 mg/20gBB as effective dose.


When you are starting out you should begin small and stay focused. But almost everyone breaks this rule," says Graham Warren, scientific director of the Max F. Perutz Laboratories at the University of Vienna in Austria. "When everyone is telling you that you need to publish and grow, you feel a lot of pressure to fill the lab." It is tempting for beginning faculty to rush into recruiting several postdocs right away, but hiring the wrong person can be detrimental to your progress. "Months can go by and you don't get any good applications. It is really hard not to rush into things," says Brent Stockwell, associate professor at Columbia University in New York City. "But from everything I have seen, it is never a good idea to take someone in just to fill a spot, especially at the beginning when you are setting the tone for your lab. Keep the quality high and do not compromise standards, and it will all work out." The key to avoiding mistakes, experts say, is properly vetting all applicants, from carefully evaluating the initial e-mail contact, to thoroughly checking references, to meeting and interviewing the applicant in person.


Aim: Low Bone Mineral Density (BMD) represents one of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) complications, affecting the quality of life in these patients. Evaluation of BMD is done by using DXA (dual X-ray absorptiometry). The aim of this study is to investigate the BMD in SLE patients and to characterize the factors responsible for it. Material and Methods: The study was done on a group of 21 Caucasian female patients with SLE (SLE group) and 21 Cauca sian female apparently healthy, age-matched (Control group). The following parameters were recorded: BMD (T-score at lumbar spine and hip levels), 25(OH) vitamin D, Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), SLICC/ACR damage index, age, mean length of SLE evolution, mean Glucocorticoid (GC) dose/day, and the cumulative dose of GC. The data were expressed as mean ± stan dard deviation. Statistical analyses were performed using the Student's t-test and the Pearson's correlation. Differences were considered statistically significant at the value of p < 0.05. Results: BMD was lower in SLE group than in controls (p < 0.001). Reduced BMD was correlated with: SLICC/ACR damage index (p < 0.001), mean length of SLE evolution (p < 0.001), cumulative dose of GC (p < 0.001), 25(OH) vitamin D levels (p < 0.001), GFR (p < 0.001), and patients age (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Low BMD is a common characteristic in SLE patients. DXA monitoring and initiation of appropriate therapeutic scheme protects the patient from the osteoporosis risks.


The motivation and communication aspect of a population control program should have 3 purposes: to interest people in population planning; to increase their understanding of population planning control problems; and to persuade people to act on their knowledge. In order to achieve these purposes specialists in medicine psychiatry nursing personnel management and other fields must cooperate. The measure of success in improving the population planning program will be in direct proportion to the support and understanding of the people in various sociological groups. To start motivation and communication programs for population planning a country-wide survey about the effectiveness of the various communication medial for various areas and groups is a necessity. Thorough study and research should precede selection of the medium. At this time there is no well-coordinated program on motivation and communication for a population program. Communication and motivation should be considered an integral part of a total population program at all levels and individuals specially trained in the field must be made responsible to plan and execute this aspect of the project.


The invention relates to a hydraulic lifting method for a gas holder top. The method comprises the following steps that 1, supporting columns are installed on tops of a plurality of gas holder stand columns, a hydraulic support is installed on each supporting column, and jacks are installed on upper platforms of the hydraulic supports; 2, steel strands upwards penetrate into the lower ends of lower clamping heads at the lower ends of the hydraulic supports, so that upper and lower clamping heads are in the locking and clamping state, and the lower ends of the steel strands are connected with the holder top; 3, a hydraulic pump station is suspended on an operation platform, the jacks and a main oil pipe are connected together, tensions of all the steel strands are adjusted to be the same, then the jacks are adjusted to be arranged at the bottommost end of a stroke, and lifting is prepared; and 4, the holder top is started to be lifted. The holder top is hydraulically lifted at a time, the mechanical degree is high, the installation speed is high, and the labor force is greatly lowered; the holder top is integrated to the hydraulic pump through the jacks in a uniform control manner, the synchronism is good, the reliability is high, and the precision is high; and the circulation utilization rate of tools adopted for lifting the holder top is high, no one-time investment is realized, and the cost is saved.


Disclosed is an apparatus for controlling a fan drive a charge air cooler for a rail vehicle, having a regulating device for regulating and / or control of the charging air cooler. A cooling demand of the charge air cooler is in this case determined on the basis of data motor of an internal combustion engine, the charge air to be cooled. Additionally or alternatively, the charge air cooler can be controlled by the control device due to an environmental temperature and / or an ambient air density.


An investigation of the compression failure characteristics of + or - 45-deg-dominated laminates with a circular hole or impact damage was conducted. Graphite-epoxy laminates consisting of all + or - 45-deg plies and of + or - 45-deg and 90-deg plies were evaluated. Inplane shearing between the fibers and matrix (i.e., matrix shearing) was found to be the primary compression failure mechanism for an all + or - 45-deg laminate with a hole. The failure mechanism for the + or 45-deg-dominated laminates with a hole appeared to be a combination of delamination and matrix shearing. The compression failure stresses and strains for both the all + or - 45-deg laminate and the + or - 45-deg-dominated laminates were unaffected by impact damage at an energy level of 5.5 J when compared to results for undamaged control specimens. The failure stresses and strains for all laminates with impact damage at an energy level of 17.0 J or of 34.3 J were significantly lower than the corresponding data for the undamaged control specimens. The failure stresses and strains for these impact-damaged specimens were independent of the percentage of 90-deg plies in the laminate.


Concern that equipment error may have led to higher doses of warfarin than necessary call the huge trial's findings into question.


Groundwater-fed aufeis and their dynamic indicate the intensity of water exchange processes in permafrost, including those in a changing climate. Spatiotemporal variation of aufeis has not yet been fully tackled as it entails a holistic understanding of the main hydrological, geological, geomorphological, and climate processes. Meanwhile, robust machine learning (ML) techniques have transcended the ongoing studies by extracting the emerging pattern from a large set of data and predicting future patterns. Once they are coupled with optimization algorithms, they can give even more reliable results by improving their learning capability, known as goodness-of-fit. Hence, the current study sets out to study the spatial pattern of aufeis in the North-East of Northern Hemisphere by adopting a robust pattern recognition algorithms, Support Vector Machine (SVM), coupled with three evolutionary optimization techniques, namely Imperialistic Competitive Algorithm (ICA), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), and Bat optimizer (Bat). The latter was carried out by incorporating a wide range of topo-hydrological, geological, geomorphological, environmental, and climatic data together with the distribution of aufeis as the ground truth in the study region. Adhering to the spatial partitioning method, a different basin with the entire aufeis within was kept apart from the modeling process and used as a reference for model validation. By doing so, the spatial prediction models were sieved through multiple cutoff-dependent and -independent performance metrics to determine the superior model in terms of both learning and prediction/generalization capacity. To assess how the distribution of aufeis responds to different changing conditions, we employed Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator 6 (LARS-WG6) in CMIP5 protocol under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. The model was fed by daily time-series for a suite of climate variables, namely, precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature, and solar radiation, acquired from different synoptic weather stations in the study area. The downscaling performance of the LARS-WG6 model was assessed using the Nash Sutcliffe efficiency metric, bias, and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). Further, the climatic variables were projected for the periods 2041–2060 (2050s) and 2061–2080 (2070s) using various Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs), including EC-EARTH, GFDL-CM3, HadGEM2-ES, MIROC5, and MPI-ESM-MR. The projected climatic variables as dynamic drivers were used in combination with the previous static factors as the new set of inputs into the superior hybridized spatial prediction model to investigate the distribution (be it decreasing or increasing pattern) of aufeis across the study area under the considered climate change scenarios. The results revealed that the hybridized SVM-GWO has comparatively higher learning and prediction performance, followed by the other two counterparts, SVM-ICA and SVM-Bat. Based on the applied downscaling performance metrics, the LARS-WG6 and implemented models have proved successful. The projection models' results for the two periods in the future attested to an increasing temperature followed by an antithetical pattern for precipitation. The results of SVM-GWO fused to projected climatic variables revealed a transparent pattern based on which the aufeis distribution area will be diminished. The study is supported by Russian Fund for Basic Research (projects 19-55-80028, 19-35-90090 and 20-05-00666).


In his paper the author examines the place and role of religion-motivated purports and values in Russian thought at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries as a prerequisite to the formation of atheistic ideology of the Soviet Union. It is the author's belief that the formation of atheistic ideology in the USSR has to be looked into in the context of the period that historically preceded the creation of the state in order to better understand the spiritual background of Russia when it entered into the Soviet stage of its history. After all, the people who were engaged in the revolution and started building the Soviet state matured in the second half of the 19th century. The author examines the formation of the USSR, which process, partially artificial and partially natural, resulted in the development of a cultural tradition (the thinking in this case is underpinned by the research conducted by J. Assman, P. Berger, T. Luckmann and M. Eliade), which would meet the needs of different peoples, and understanding of what "the Russian culture and Russian man" should be like. We suggest viewing that cultural tradition, implemented in Soviet practice, as a new articulation of "the Russian idea", which is one of theoretical views substantiated in this paper. A typical instrument for introduction of that cultural tradition was atheistic ideology, which formation prerequisites we discover in religious search of Russian intelligentsia at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. However, it comprised "secularized" ideas of the chosen nation and its special mission, which formed the core of the Soviet ideological narrative.


Environment is more-meaning expression which includes the totality of appearances and factors which surround some system or organism, and directly or indirectly affect on its activity,behavior and development. External environment includes these dimensions or parts of environment which indirectly affect on company. External environment seperates on two segments, and that segments are:social environment andbusiness environment (or environment of task).As opposed to general environment which is "to far" from companyand defined as weaker, business environment is in the immediate vicinity of company. Business environment (or environment of task) consists nine crucial parts. That parts are: suppliers, customers-consumers, competitors, shareholders, staff and unions, creditors, government (state) organizations, social organizations (community) and professional associations.
 Example processed in this paper is hotel "Art", the business unit in composition of company Pupa d.o.o. which has seat in Slavonski Brod. The goal of this paper is to show the parts of the external environment directly depends on market success, survival and long-term development.


In higher education, the improving learning strategies are a widely studied topic also considered a matter of concern to the teaching community. For that reason, the teaching team belonging to the Information Security subject applies the SEEQ questionnaire during the 2012–13 academic year. The SEEQ questionnaire has an extensive use trajectory in order to analyse the effectiveness of teaching. In the present contribution, we analyse both the results obtained from the SEEQ questionnaire and the effects from the inclusion of Digital Storytelling within the development of the ECTS activity during last year with respect to the previous year, in which it had not been applied.


Two naphthalene-aromatic polyamides were prepared from 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and various aromatic diamines by a modified Higashi phosphorylation reaction. The first polymer, poly(4,4′-diaminobenzanilide-2,6-naphthalamide)** (DBNA), was synthesized by the reaction of 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid with 4,4′-diaminobenzanilide. The second polymer, 50/50 copoly(1,4-phenylene/1,4-bis(4′-phenoxy)benzene-2,6-naphthalamide)*** (PBNA), is a copolymer synthesized using an equimolar ratio of 1,4-phenylene diamine and 1,4-bis(4′-aminophenoxy)benzene. These two polymers have inherent viscosities of 4.17 and 2.32 dL g-1, respectively, and dissolve in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)containing LiCl. Highstrength films were obtained by casting from these polymer solutions. Blends of DBNA/amorphous nylon and of PBNA/amorphous nylon were prepared by rapidly precipitating the ternary NMP solution into deionized water, and hot-pressing to films at 185°C. The compatibility, morphology, and mechanical properties were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and tensile tests. The results revealed that both DBNA and PBNA were partially compatible with amorphous nylon. DBNA formed microfibrils in the amorphous nylon matrix, and its mechanical properties, tensile strength and modulus, improved with increasing DBNA content. PBNA had no reinforcing effect, perhaps because it did not form microfibrils in the amorphous nylon matrix.

Zwei aromatische Polyamide auf Naphthalin-Basis wurden durch modifizierte Higashi-Phosphorylierung aus Naphthalin-2,6-dicarbonsaure und aromatischen Diaminen hergestellt. Das erste Polymere, Poly(4,4′-diaminobenzanilid-2,6-naphthyl-amid)* (DBNA), wurde aus Naphthalin-2,6-dicarbonsaure und 4,4'-Diaminobenzanilid erhalten. Zur Synthese des zweiten Polymeren, 50/50-Copoly(1,4-phenylen/1,4-bis(4'-phenoxy) phenylen-2,6-naphthylamid)** (PBNA), wurden aquimolare Mengen 4-Phenylendiamin und 1,4-Bis(4'-aminophenoxy)benzol rnit Naphthalin 2,6-dicarbonsaure umgesetzt. Die Polymeren mit inhajenten Viskositaten von 4,17 bzw. 2,32 dL g-' sind in LiC1-haltigem N-Methylpyrrolidon (NMP) loslich. Durch FilmgieBen wurden hochfeste Filme erhalten. Blends aus DBNA bzw. PBNA mit amorphem Nylon wurden durch rasches Fallen der temaren NMP-Losungen in deionisiertem Wasser hergestellt und bei 185 C zu Filmen geprel3t. Die Vertraglichkeiten, Morphologien und mechanischen Eigenschaften der Polyamide wurden durch dynamisch-mechanische Analyse, Rasterelektronenmikroskopie und Zugversuche charakterisiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dalj beide Polyamide rnit Nylon teilweise kompatibel sind. DBNA bildet Mikrofibrillen in der Nylonmatrix, und Zugfestigkeit sowie Zugmodul des Blends nehmen rnit steigendem DBNA-Gehalt zu. PBNA bildet keine Mikrofibrillen in der Nylonmatrix und zeigte, moglicherweise aus diesem Grund, keinen die Matrix verstarkenden Effekt.


The development of rectus muscles in human fetuses in the twelfth to the twenty-eighth week of menstrual age was studied macroscopically and stereomicroscopically. The standard insertion sites and width of the rectus muscles were determined, at each week of menstrual, age. The shortest distance from each rectus muscle insertion site to the corneal limb us increased, rapidly with age and reached its first peak from the sixteenth to the ninteenth week of menstrual age and then increased, slowly after the twentieth week. On the other hand., the longest distance from each rectus muscle insertion site to the corneal limbus increased, linearly with age. The width of each rectus muscle increased linearly with menstrual age. The insertion sites and width of rectus muscles developed symmetrically and. showed, a well-balanced development in all rectus muscles. The longest distance from the insertion site of a rectus muscle to the corneal limbus and its width may be related to the changes (convergence) in the position of the eyeball during fetal life. On the other hand, it is assumed, that the shortest distance from the insertion site may represent a counteraction to the abrupt changes of ocular position caused by the development of the longest distance. The superior rectus muscle seems predominantly to control the changes of ocular position until the twenty-fourth week of menstrual age, and after the twenty-fifth week it acts mainly for convergent changes. The development of rectus muscles in human fetuses was discussed in relation to the genesis of strabismus.


The authors present the results of a research on 3,888 patients (1,768 males and 2,120 females) admitted to the 1st Internal Medicine Department of Leghorn Hospital during two years (from July 1993 to June 1995). The research is intended to value the hyperlipidaemia's incidence in hospitalized patients, and the association between hyperlipidaemias and some diseases generally considered as consequences or favouring conditions of atherosclerosis. The results of the study show the not secondary role of hyperlipidaemias in hospitalization phenomen and their frequent association with important cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.


In order to improve query efficiency in logistics managing,a dynamic method of optimizing logistics classification based on statistical data of property dictionary demanded by logistics managing system was proposed.It describes the realization of the method as well as the analysis of the query efficiency.It classifies the numerous materials dynamically on actual statistical data during the selected period and adds a new clustering attribute in logistics dictionary table as for seeking based on fuzzy clustering principles.The practice of the system operation shows this method can improve query efficiency to 31.9% maximum,19.3% average.


The appearance potentials of the molecule ions formed by electron impact from B/sub 2/H/sub 6/, B/sup 10/sub 2/H/sub 6/, B/sub 2/D/sub 6/ and B/sup 10/sub 2/D/sub 6/ have been measured mass spectrometrically. A set of apparently self- consistent ionization potentials for these molecule ions has been estimated from the appearance potentials of the B/sup 10/ enriched compounds. The resulting calculated ionization potentials for the fragments from B/sup 10/sub 2/H/sub 6/ are compared with the ionization potentials the authors estimate for fragments from B/sup 10/sub 2/D/sub 6/ D and are also compared with the results obtained from C/sub 2/H/sub 6/. The mass spectra of B/sub 2/H/sub 6/ B/sup 10/sub 2/H/sub 6/, B/sub 2/D/sub 6/ and B/sup 10/sub 2/D/sub 6/ were also run at 70 ev ionizing voltage in order to obtain a set of fragmentation patterns of the isotopically labeled diboranes under identical conditions; from these the monoisotopic spectrum of each type of diborane was calculated. (auth)


labour in making available, in a most readable and well-footnoted form, previously scarce or inaccessible documents. Far more than a mere chronology of events, these letters will be of interest to men of many disciplines, for they contain valuable insights into the conditions of missionary existence and the structure of the societies they were evangelizing, as well as providing a framework for defining this Mission's methods and goals and the factors which determined the success or failure of its endeavours.


A cross-sectional study and questionnaire survey was carried from November 2009 up to April 2010 in North Shewa zone of Oromia and Amhara regions to determine prevalence of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) in unvaccinated backyard chickens using commercial ELISA kit. The study revealed that IBD was prevalent 84.2% (95% CI= 80.6 - 87.8, n=399) in the study areas. Seroprevalence distribution of IBD were 96.2% (95% CI= 93.5-99.0) and 73.8% (95% CI= 67.9-79.8) in Amhara and Oromia regions, respectively. Chickens in the Amhara region were nine times susceptible for IBD than Chickens of Oromia region. There is no significant difference among sex and age groups of study animals. The study revealed that IBD were common in district of Kewet 98.6% (95% CI= 95.7-101.4), Basena Werena 95.1% ( 95% CI= 88.4-101.8), Debre Brehan 94.7 %( 95% CI= 89.5-99.8), W\ Jarso 78.0% (95% CI= 69.4-86.6), Dagam 71.2% (95% CI= 58.7-83.6) and Kuyu 70.4% (95% CI= 59.7-81.1). It indicates that IBD virus is extensively circulating throughout the study areas. Questionnaire survey revealed that backyard poultry production was suffered from multifaceted diseases which contributed 61% death losses of the chickens at age of a day old to market age. Generally, IBD prevalence among the indigenous chicken was escalated with a possible devastated effect on the vulnerable population of backyard poultry. Therefore, it warrants the vaccine development and implementation for control mechanisms. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php


Periorbital hyperpigmentation (POH) is a frequent concern among both young and adult patients. The etiology is multifactorial with a genetic background. Prevalence is higher in darker skin types. It has been estimated as high as 30% in a recent Indian study. Females are often more disappointed by POH than males. Treatment has to consider underlying pathologies and patients' needs. We present our treatment algorithm for POH. In this study, 74 patients with POH, 64 females (86.5%) and 10 males (13.3%), were treated. Of these, 39 patients (53%) had a family history of POH. The age range of patients was 18−57 years (average: 36.1 years). In case of tear trough deformity, soft tissue augmentation was used by injection of hyaluronic acid gel, calcium hydroxylapatite, or autologous fat. Blepharoplasty with partial fat pad resection or repositioning via arcus marginalis release was used to correct severe orbital fat herniation and excess of the lower lid skin. Melanin hyperpigmentation of the skin was improved by sessions of Q-switched 1064 and 532 nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. Small vessels (capillaries and veins) were targeted by a 1064 nm long-pulsed Nd-YAG laser. Sessions of intense pulsed light (IPL) or CO2 fractional laser were employed to improve skin texture and fine lines. Topical hyaluronic acid-based formulations may be used as adjuvant self-treatment by patients. For pigmented and mixed-type POH, ultraviolet light protection is recommended as a maintenance treatment. By the use of various technologies, treatment can be individually tailored.


This paper aimed to evaluate the effects of particle size and the use of lime as a pretreatment of Pinus spp wood particles on the production of wood-cement composites by vibro-compaction densification. Specimens for internal bond and static bending were produced with two different particle sizes: G1, particles that pass through a 4mm screen and were retained at 2mm screen, and G2, particles that pass through a 2mm screen and were retained at 0.84mm screen. The use of lime was also tested in two different methods as pretreatment of wood particles: carbonatation of wood particles before being used in the composite mixture; and addition of hydrated lime directly to the composite mixture. Use of larger particles (G1) presented higher values of internal bond and MOR than composites produced with smaller particles (G2). About the pretreatments, the use of hydrated lime resulted in composites with higher density and better internal bond.


At the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton ( p ¯ p ) collider, high-mass electron-neutrino ( e ν ) pairs are produced predominantly in the process p ¯ p → W ð → e ν Þ þ X . The asymmetry of the electron and positron yield as a function of their pseudorapidity constrain the slope of the ratio of the u - to d -quark parton distributions versus the fraction of the proton momentum carried by the quarks. This paper reports on the measurement of the electron-charge asymmetry using the full data set recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab in 2001 – 2011 and corresponding to 9 . 1 fb − 1 of integrated luminosity. The measurement significantly improves the precision of the Tevatron constraints on the parton-distribution functions of the proton. Numerical tables of the measurement are provided.


In this paper, we shall present an analytical solution for current density from a sharp tip in the tip-to-plate configuration, with an applied dc voltage bias, using the methods of variational calculus. We shall also show that when the radius of the tip tends to infinity, we get back the current density formula for the classical Child-Langmuir (CL) law for a flat surface. The local current density near the tip is found to be much higher than the current density in the classical CL configuration. The results seem to be in agreement with the recent numerical simulations of the current density near a sharp tip.


The paper explains the delivery skill in javelin throwing and the actual movements of all parts of the body during the delivery.It points out that the concepts of delivery and standing throw should be strictly distinguished and the force utilization ratio should be raised during the throwing.


In recent years, in Japan, the problem of unoccupied houses due to the declining population and declining birthrate and aging population has been widely addressed. By enforcement of "special measures law about promotion of measures such as unoccupied houses" in 2014, administration, NPO, inhabitants organization work on this unoccupied house problem in city planning and town development, but are systematically removed and utilized It can be seen that it is difficult to say that the is being planned. On the other hand, as a profession dealing with real estate registration, judicial scriveners and others have a lot of knowledge about land for these issues, but in the approach to unidentified land, issues such as simply not being able to proceed It is also a situation in which there are a lot of people. Based on these circumstances, this paper organizes the situation based on a survey of the judicial scrivener's degree of interest in town development and measures for vacant houses, and whether or not they want to put it into practice. The problem was clarified.


The article substantiates the idea that in modern conditions of economic development from industrial enterprises requires not only the strengthening of innovation, but also improve the management of projects on the introduction of technologies.


Expression conditions of rETIa have been optimized in order to improve its yield produced in E.coli . The expressed rETIa was above 40% total cell protein in the shaking flask cultures. After preliminary purification through breaking E.coli , washing inclusion bodies, dissolving inclusion bodies, renaturing solubilised inclusion bodies, and further purification by Q Sepharose and Sephacryl S 100 column chromatography, rETIa of eletrophoretic purity was obtained. Inhibitory assay showed that rETIa had inhibitory activities against trypsin, chymotrypsin and tPA deletion variant NTA.


A method was developed by Beecham and Titchener (BT) for arriving at approximate analytical solutions of second-order autonomous nonlinear differential equations. The technique was extended by Simpson to cope with equations of order higher than two, after which the method was dubbed the Beecham-Titchener-Simpson (BTS) method. This paper discusses the BTS method and uses it in solving a number of equations occurring in problems from marine dynamics. These illustrative applications concern the free rolling of a ship, the stick-fixed pitch-dynamics of a submarine, the height of an oscillatory water column, and the nonlinear coupling of pitch and roll.


For close observers of Soviet and Eastern European affairs the cataclysmic events of the past two years or so have been every bit as bewildering as they have for the public at large. Professional students of communist-ruled systems were certainly aware of the mounting difficulties faced by those countries: falling output, poor quality products that could not be sold on the world market, a widening technological gap between them and the West (and increasingly a gap between them and countries such as Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan, which were surging ahead on the basis of imported high technolgy).' They were also aware of the pressures for political change that stemmed from the creation of diverse, educated, urban, industrial societies, in which citizens were well-informed about the rest of the world and were demanding a voice in the system.2 Equally well appreciated were the rigidities and consequent failures of the planning system, the establishment of a corrupt and complacent political 61lite, and the rise of a dissident movement of opposition to the systems.3 And we were aware of the miscalculations made by successive communist governments in their attempts to overcome the problems.4


What causes Indonesian to lenite word-final /k/, American English to lenite word-final /t/, and Spanish to lenite word-final /s/? This article shows that all three observed lenition patterns can be motivated using a single principle: languages preferentially lenite segments that provide relatively low informativity compared to the amount of informativity those segments carry in other languages. In a comparison of a diverse sample of seven languages from the LDC CALLHOME and CALLFRIEND corpora, Indonesian /k/, American English /t/, and Spanish /s/ are found to have the lowest informativity, predicting that they would be more likely to be affected by sound change processes. In a subsequent regression-based corpus study, low informativity predicted the propensity of word-final lenition of all obstruents in American English after phonetic and phonological factors were controlled for. This article therefore provides a partial solution to the famous actuation problem (Weinreich et al. 1968) with respect to the actuation of lenition processes.


The development of a three dimensional spectrally accurate moving overlapping grid technique that is utilized to solve for the ow around complex moving geometries opens doors to various practical applications that have previously been dicult to model. This method provides a straightforward approach to managing grid resolution near moving structures without the need for mesh restructuring techniques. Building upon our previously validated overlapping mesh methodology, we have developed a moving overlapping mesh method in a high-order spectral element computational uid dynamics solver. Current validation tests on the two dimensional moving overlapping grid methodology have shown spectral accuracy of the coupled solution for both translating and rotating meshes, and results for


Infectious diseases spread by microorganisms, viruses and bacteria, which can be transmitted from individual to individual very quickly and adversely affect public health, need to be treated immediately. In order to eliminate the structures that are harmful to the body or to strengthen the immune system, which is the whole of cells, structures and processes, individuals are vaccinated and the disease is suppressed. Thus, communicable diseases are prevented from threatening public health significantly. This paper offers a nonlinear fractional order system for modeling the effects of vaccination on a SVIR infectious disease. To see the memory effect on the system parameters, the model defined by the ordinary differential equation is redefined with the Caputo fractional derivative. Afterwards, the stability analysis and explanations are given about the fractional infectious disease SVIR model, the existence and uniqueness of the system are made. When $R^{c}<1$, it is seen that the disease is under control by vaccination, through the figures obtained with the help of MATLAB for the fractional SVIR model.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of physical fitness among middle school athletes across types of sports including track and field, swimming, weight lifting and judo. Nineteen middle school males in J province were recruited for the current study. The grade exercise test for VO 2max and Wingate test for anaerobic capacity were conducted. In addition, muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, agility and balance were measured. There were no significant differences with aerobic and anaerobic capacity across the types of sports. Interestingly, 32%, 58% and 63% remained below the excellent level of cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular endurance and flexibility, respectively. There was no one to reach the excellent level of muscle strength by upper body. In conclusion, it is necessary to provide physical fitness training for sports related injury prevention, athletic performance and growth development among middle school male athletes.


Consider truncated samples taken from an infinite population with a fixed uumber n of observations recorded. A randon number X of items must be sampled in order to observe after trunca-tion. adified maximun liicel.ihooa estimators of X (assumed un-'mown) and of the population parameters are develo~cd, and a computing scheme is given for the exponential distribution. On the basis of asymptotu ,operties, some estimators are singled out and compared with the usual maximum likelihood estimators.


In this letter, a method to measure the torsional spring constant of a microcantilever is described. The cantilever was twisted laterally without any normal load by inducing the Lorentz force. An electrical current was applied to the cantilever in a magnetic field, and the torsional resonance frequency of the cantilever was obtained. Based on the observation that the torsional resonance frequency is the same as the second resonance peak of the thermally vibrating cantilever, the ratio of deflection spring constant to torsional spring constant is easily obtained from a simple relationship. For the cantilever used here, the torsional spring constant is 11.24 N/m, 28 times greater than the deflection spring constant.


Introduction:
 We previously reported that age and race disparities exist in transfer for a higher level of care among acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. This study examined the association of transfer with in-hospital mortality stratified by age and race.

 Methods:
 In this cross-sectional analysis, we extracted AIS patient characteristics and transfer status from State Emergency Department Databases and State Inpatient Databases of 7 states between 1/1/2010-12/29/2010. We used stabilized inverse probability of treatment weights and fit generalized linear models with a flexible restricted cubic spline term for age, reporting risk differences (RDs) and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Because of potential unmeasured confounders, we reported E-values, which represent the minimum confounder-outcome and exposure-confounder RRs that could shift the associations to the null or the CI limits to include 1.

 Results:
 We identified 82,487 AIS discharges of whom 5.4% were transferred. After adjusting for age, race, gender, hospital type, minority-serving status, and Elixhauser comorbidities through weighting, transferred white patients, particularly age <65, had higher in-hospital mortality compared to those not transferred (Figure). Although young black patients also had higher mortality, this was not seen among black patients aged ≥65. E-values suggest that a strong unmeasured confounder would be required to shift the associations to the null (RRs>2.0), but a weaker confounder could shift the CIs (RRs>1.5). The NIHSS has been reported to have E-values as high as 1.8.

 Conclusions:
 In our geographically diverse sample, we found that AIS transfer is associated with higher in-hospital mortality among white patients and younger black patients. Our data suggests that a strong unmeasured confounder could explain the association. Further work is needed to identify factors leading to higher mortality in transferred AIS patients.


Professionals providing medical care to children with cancer may derive a sense of meaning and purpose in their work. However, frequent exposure to patient trauma and mortality may elicit symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is conceptualized to arise in response to life‐threatening events that threaten core beliefs and expectations, including through the repeated witnessing or hearing of others' trauma as part of one's professional role. Review of epidemiological studies suggests that PTSD affects less than 7% of the population over the lifetime. In pediatric oncology, repeated exposure to patient trauma and mortality may threaten core beliefs such as the commonly held belief that it is "unnatural" for children to die and trigger symptoms of re‐experiencing, hyperarousal, negative mood. Although work‐related distress among health care clinicians undermines the quality of care through turnover, impaired communication, conflict, and medical error, PTSD has not been extensively studied in pediatric oncology professionals. While trauma is ubiquitous in oncology settings, the psychological response to trauma is not uniform. Many individuals report finding posttraumatic growth, a new appreciation of life, spirituality, and relationships, in response to trauma. The relationship between PTSD and posttraumatic growth is unclear, but some research indicates that posttraumatic growth may protect against physician burnout. By extension, posttraumatic growth might also protect against PTSD. At present, pediatric oncology professionals' reactions to trauma are not well understood. This study (a) investigated rates of PTSD and posttraumatic growth and (b) examined their association in a national sample of pediatric oncology professionals. The study also explored if PTSD differed across factors such as gender, professional role, parent/caregiver status, and spirituality as social roles and