The invention discloses a car door inner board and aims at providing the car door inner board which is light in weight and capable of meeting strength and rigidity requirements. The car door inner board comprises at least two aluminum alloy boards and at least two high-strength steel boards and is characterized in that both ends of each aluminum alloy board are respectively connected with the high-strength steel boards, one side of one high-strength steel board is connected with hinges, and the other high-strength steel board is provided with a door lock.


In this note we briefly discuss the computing needs of future experiments. While the demands of the LHC experiments are very massive, also the demands of future non accelerator experiments are impressive.


There has been increasing fundamental and practical interest in the properties of dielectric microspheres in recent years. High-Q structural resonances that occur when the round trip optical path is an integral number of wavelengths can be exploited for quantum measurement and the observation of cavity QED effects. The spherical microparticle is also an important component of the earth's atmosphere, contributing both to visual displays and global change. In this paper, we describe theoretical and experimental applications of optical pulse techniques to the characterization of dielectric spheres.


The lack of public awareness of wearing masks during the COVID-19 pandemic is one of the causes of the high number of Covid-19 cases in Indonesia. Since the beginning of June 2020, the government has set a New Normal phase. This is done to restore the economy and prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. During New Normal, activities can still run by implementing health protocols by requiring masks to be worn. Currently, the detection of masks is still done manually by security officers because of the fatigue factor, so that human errors often occur. To overcome this, an automatic system is needed to detect people wearing masks and not wearing masks. In this study, a mask detection system was made using the haar cascade classifier method by utilizing machine learning, image processing, and the internet to facilitate connectivity. The result of this research is an internet of things-based mask detection system using the haar cascade classifier method that runs on a raspberry pi to monitor and distinguish between people with masks and not masks in various light conditions with the help of an additional IR (Infrared) module on the camera. If a person is detected who is not wearing a mask, the program will automatically capture it, and an alarm will sound and send the captured results to the telegram bot. The resulting performance is when the video stream reaches 12-60 fps, the system can run well without stuttering even during the video stream. The connection speed to the telegram bot got excellent results without any delay with an average time of 0.001695977 seconds with a maximum detection distance of 1.2 meters.


Using as an example a workshop on Islam sponsored by his own university, the author argues that the search for the essential heart of any social movement is a political edeavor insomuch as it is a form of classification that dehistoricizes complex mass social movements, representing them in ways that further the interests of those who carry out the classification.


Dissipative control problem for an aircraft augmentation system is discussed in the paper.Firstly,the dynamical equation of augmentation system is reduced to a linear time-invariant system;secondly,the dissipation of the system is discussed; thirdly,the state feedback controller to make the closed-loop system be dissipative; at last,we testify the feasibility of the method by a numerical example.


This paper serves two purposes. First, it provides estimates of an optimization-based equilibrium model with sticky prices and wages. Second, the estimated model is used to analyze the welfare properties of various interest rate rules for conducting monetary policy. As shown by Erceg et al. (1999), an important feature of this model is that it involves a tradeoff between the variances of price and wage inflation and the output gap. This tradeoff implies that it is desirable for the monetary authority to respond to more than inflation, output, and past interest rates when setting the current interest rate. Indeed, the welfare optimal policy can be approximated with responses to both price and wage inflation and the past interest rate. By contrast, rules that call for a strong response to either detrended output or the output gap result in a much lower level of welfare.


To support theory building, we introduce a network-graph based IT artifact to provide high recall during exploratory searches and high precision using knowledge gained through the literature discovery process. The use of network graphs, where all data is represented as a node, relationship, or property of either, offers a flexible and tailorable methodology able to accommodate the highly iterative process of theory building. This IT artifact was developed to enable aggregation and normalization of data from varied sources and formats to support the acquisition and assessment of literature needed throughout this process. Our goal in presenting this IT artifact is to promote an accessible and pragmatic approach addressing the varied challenges of Information Systems researchers during the information seeking process.


Designing a protection scheme for a mesh WDM network is a challenging task. Extending the concept of the SONET self-healing ring in the mesh topology by using multiple rings to cover a mesh is inefficient in network resource usage. Mesh-based schemes can yield an optimal solution in network resource usage, but entails complicated switch reconfigurations when network element fails. In addition, mesh optimization needs traffic demands as input, therefore is not applicable to dynamic traffic. We introduce a novel mesh WDM network protection scheme-Hamiltonian cycle protection (HCP)-that is simple, efficient and applicable to dynamic traffic. HCP performs traffic grooming in spare resource space by consolidating spare capacity into as few links as possible, thus minimizing the number of spare switch ports and reducing spare link capacity. HCP can simplify the network recovery process by minimizing the number of nodes involved in switch reconfigurations and enabling the switch reconfiguration to be performed at coarse granularity.


Portugal's globalization and integration had positive repercussions at the economic and social development level, but simultaneously it evidenced regional asymmetries, demanding new explanatory models to lessen existent dis- parities. Recent paradigms value the endogenous characteristics of the territory that appear decisive of the country's development, including the idea that regions and local agents should identify new kinds of production organization and relation- ships, thus enhancing clusters. Given that, in the Beira Interior Norte, craftwork activities assume a relative economic and social importance, the purpose of the present paper is to verify whether this sector acquires the cluster classification in the region and continuously characterized this classification while potential cluster promote and develop economic and social factors.


In this paper, we prove a Hardy inequality for fractional powers of the $a$-deformed Dunkl harmonic operator $\triangle_{k,a}:=\left|x\right|^{2-a}\triangle_k-\left|x\right|^a$. The operator $\triangle_{k,a}$ is interpreted in the framework of $sl_2$-representation. Our proof also implies a simpler proof of the Hardy inequality for fractional powers of the Dunkl-Hermite operator in \cite{CR}, a special case of the Hardy inequality in this paper. In \cite{CR}, the authors proved the Hardy inequality for the $a=2$ case using Dunkl-Hermite expansions. In this paper, we will prove the $a$-deformed Hardy inequality using the basis given in \cite{BSK2} in terms of Laguerre polynomials.


These lectures provide an introductory review of big bang cosmology. I discuss the expanding Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe, summarizing the observational evidence which has led to its adoption as the `standard' cosmological model and reviewing its basic properties. Subsequent lectures provide an overview of the early universe. The final lectures give an introduction to the inflationary universe, beginning with the motivating puzzles of the standard cosmology (the horizon and flatness problems) and ending with the inflationary production of quantum field fluctuations and their possible role in seeding the large-scale structure of the Universe.


Abstract The development of a simple and inexpensive DNA biosensor based on a gold nanoparticle (Au-NPs)/glutathione (GSH) matrix is reported to characterize DNA hybridization. The adhesion and morphological properties of the film were characterized using contact angle measurements and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), respectively. The modified gold electrode was characterized by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results indicate that DNA/AuNPs-GSH/cysteine provides excellent sensitivity for the target DNA in the linear range of response from 7 pM to 5 nM. The interaction of 6-thioguanine (6-tg) with the double stranded DNA (ds-DNA) and single stranded DNA (ss-DNA) modified electrode was investigated using DPV and EIS. Consequently, 6-tg is accumulated onto the modified electrode causing a decrease of the charge transfer resistance (Rct) across the dynamic range from 1 pM to 10 µM. The developed electrochemical DNA biosensor was demonstrated to be efficient to characterize the interactions with drugs and micropollutants in wastewater.


Press releases have the explicit aim of reaching their audience through the media. On those terms, they can be considered successful when they find their way into the media and the author's message is heard. My corpus contains political press releases and the related articles in the leading Flemish newspapers. My research reports on the (extent of) overlap between a press release and its related articles (degree of penetration). I also discuss how the source text is (re)presented (type of penetration), and what linguistic tools are shared by both newspaper articles and press releases (genre properties). I argue that what makes a press release successful cannot be measured purely quantitatively and cannot be evaluated only in terms of applying genre properties successfully. Sociological factors need to be considered as well, such as context, timing, power positions of sender and receiver, and type of press release.


In this paper, we present a novel NS3-based frameworkto simulate a complete 5G network architecture, including core, fronthaul andLTE access(i.e., Non-Standalone, 3GPP Release 15) radio access segments. Starting from the 5G Transformer model, we describe and simulate each single element of the three main functional plains. Some preliminary results are presented for a proposed algorithm for the QoS service orchestration controller.


Negative of an art work depicting a soldier hidden behind leaves. Govt. Collection # G.O.1.6565.47. Source: OKW PK. Data: Oil on cardboard, 19 x 23 by Walter Schmock (Maber and Graphiker), undated.


The article summarized the general situation of present situation and prospect of PP-R pipe,and expatiated the character,manufacture technology and applied prospect.


AJAX is the latest technology of construction of web application; it is based on asynchronous message. The concept, feature and theory of AJAX are proposed in this paper. The design and implementation of the dynamic tree which is based on the AJAX in the scientific research MIS.


We propose a chromatic dispersion estimation of high order modes based on wavelength dependence of effective area. It is shown that the chromatic dispersion of LP11 mode in two-mode fiber is successfully estimated by our technique.


Foreword Introduction Intentions Resources Methods Guide To The Figures Interpretations Chance Bias And Confounding The Search For Local Causes Scientific And Technical Notes Oropharyngeal Carcinoma Salivary Gland Malignancies Squamous Carcinoma Of The Esophagus/Gastric Cardia Adenocarcinoma Of The Esophagus/Gastric Cardia Adenocarcinoma Of The (Lower) Stomach Carcinoma Of The Small Intestine Colon Carcinoma, Total (Both Upper And Sigmoid) Carcinoma Of The Upper Colon Carcinoma Of The Sigmoid Colon Carcinoma Of The Rectum Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cholangiocarcinoma Gall Bladder Carcinoma Biliary Tract Carcinoma Pancreas Carcinoma Carcinoma Of The Nose/Sinuses Carcinoma Of The Larynx Lung And Bronchus Carcinoma, Total (All Types) Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of The Lung And Bronchus Large Cell Carcinoma Of The Lung And Bronchus Small Cell Carcinoma Of The Lung And Bronchus Adenocarcinoma Of The Lung And Bronchus Bronchioalveolar Carcinoma Undifferentiated Carcinoma, Further Unspecified Carcinoma Of The Lung And Bronchus, Other Mesothelioma Soft Tissue Sarcoma Angiosarcoma Kaposi Sarcoma Osteosarcoma Ewing's Sarcoma Malignant Chordoma Malignant Melanoma Breast Carcinoma Squamous Cervix Carcinoma (Invasive) Endometrial (Uterine Corpus) Carcinoma Epithelial Carcinoma Of The Ovary Germ Cell Malignancies Prostate Carcinoma Anogenital Adenocarcinoma Anogenital Squamous Carcinoma Mixed Cell Genital Tumors Transitional (Non-Squamous) Bladder Carcinoma Squamous Bladder Carcinoma Renal Cell Carcinoma Wilms Tumors (Nephroblastoma) Retinoblastoma Brain Malignancies (Gliomas) Spinal Cord Malignancies Neurolemoma (Nerve Sheath Malignancy) Neuroblastoma Malignant Meningioma Follicular Carcinoma Of The Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma Of The Thyroid Other Carcinoma Of The Thyroid Pituitary Carcinoma Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Carcinoma Of The Thymus Mixed Cellularity Hodgkin's Lymphoma Nodular Sclerosis Hodgkin's Lymphoma Other Hodgkin's Lymphoma All Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas (All Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Types) Follicular Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Diffuse Large B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Diffuse Small Lymphocytic Or Plasmacytic B-Cell Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Diffuse Mixed B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma High Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma T-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Maltoma Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Other Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Central Nervous System Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas (All Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Types) Stomach Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas (All Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Types) Other Gastrointestinal Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas (All Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Types) Lymph Node/Other Organ Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas (All Lymphoma Types) Multiple Myeloma Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Hairy Cell Leukemia Acute Non-Lymphocytic Leukemia Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia Other Leukemias All Malignancies Of Infants/Toddlers All Malignancies Of Children All Malignancies Of Young Adults All Malignancies Of Older Adults All Malignancies Overall Summary


The processes of social exclusion are narrowly linked with the educational trajectories of individuals. In fact, this process is intensified by the present Knowledge Society, where school success improves the inclusion in the labour market and the participation in the different areas of the society (health, housing, politics, etc.). Considering this key role played by education, it is important to make a scientific commitment with the educational measures promoted as well as to connect them with utopias oriented to the transformation of inequalities. Sociology of education has a relevant role in this. It is necessary that teachers receive training on those educational practices recognized by the scientific international community and also a critical attitude regarding the educational inequalities. In this sense, school can reflect more than the social unequal relations of the environment and can contribute to the overcoming of these as long as the educational measures that are implemented are those recognized by science and not those based on occurrences. An example of these is the experience of inclusive school of Learning Communities.


A 45-year-old man with fever, jaundice, and right upper quadrant abdominal pain was referred to our Clinic for emergency decompression of the biliary tract owing to acute cholangitis. Laboratory data showed elevated liver enzymes: alkaline phosphatase, 490 IU/L; gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, 1685 IU/L; alanine aminotransferase, 260 IU/L; aspartate aminotransferase, 195 IU/L; total bilirubin level, 360IU/L (reference range: 0–20.5 IU/L); leukocytosis, 13.5×109/L. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) was done and showed a possible filling defect in the common bile duct (CBD) with moderate dilation of the intrahepatic bile ducts, predominantly in the left liver lobe (●" Fig.1a). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed and revealed a dilated CBD (11mm) with an oval filling defect in the mid part of the CBD (●" Fig.1b) suspected to be a stone. During balloon extraction after endoscopic sphincterotomy, an unexpected parasite suggestive of Fasciola hepatica was forced through the bile duct orifice (●" Fig.1c) and into the duodenal lumen. After the procedure, the patient was given single dose of triclabendazole (500mg) and on follow-up 4 weeks later, he was asymptomatic with all liver enzymes having returned to normal. On transabdominal ultrasound, the bile duct appeared of normal caliber. Biliary tree obstruction and acute cholangitis are usually the consequence of choledocholithiasis, malignant or benign stricture with parasites being a rare cause [1]. The life cycle of Fasciola hepatica is complex and humans are accidental hosts [1,2]. Biliary parasitosis may lead to a series of complications such as obstructive jaundice, pyogenic cholangitis, acute pancreatitis, intrahepatic stones, liver abscesses, acute or chronic cholecystitis, and even cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma [1–3]. Imaging techniques such as ultrasound, computed tomography, and MRCP are usually non-specific [4]. Only the serology and identification of ova in the stool or duodenal aspirates are specific, but not routinely done in clinical practice [1]. ERCP is able to demonstrate directly the presence of parasites and, in conjunction with anti-helminthic drugs, it is the treatment of choice to remove parasites [5].


Implementation of learning process ideally does not only cover the cognitive but affective aspects also need to be considered. The attitude or character of the student needs to be applied in learning process. Among the characters that need to be applied is the cooperation character. Problem Based Leaning (PBL) is one of cooperative learning model that can develop the cognitive and affective aspects of students in learning. This study discussed that the PBL can improve students' cognitive competence while applying the cooperation character to the students. This study explains the benefits of PBL in learning, the opportunities to be applied in learning and the maturation that teachers face in applying PBL to build cognitive as well as student co-operation Keywords— learning, PBL, cooperation .


Fungal pathogens are one of the serious devastating agents limiting crop yield to a great extent. Premier management practices to tackle these diseases are the development of disease resistant varieties, application of appropriate fungicides, use of biocontrol agents, plant-based extracts and induction of innate host resistance. These management practices are of great value but have certain limitations i.e., side effects, high cost and decreased efficiency. Resistance development against the fungal pathogens inspired the scientists to explore modern techniques and produce plants with broad spectrum resistance against fungal pathogens. Transgenic technology holds a great potential in this regard. The advancements in molecular biotechnology have enabled the scientists to identify, isolate and characterize the plant stress responsive genes for plant transformation and also explained their role to combat stresses. Trichoderma harzianum is a potential biocontrol agent successfully employed for the control of many economically important pathogens. The biocontrol activity of Trichoderma spp. is majorly attributed to chitinolytic and glucanolytic enzymes having ability to degrade chitins and glucans. Glucanases are therefore one of the key groups of enzymes involved in mycoparasitism. They are classified on the basis of glucosidic linkage, they cleave i.e. α-1, 3-glucanases, β-1, 3-glucanases, α-1, 4-glucanases, β-1, 6-glucanases. The present review aims to explain the role of glucanase genes in the plant defense system and elaborate how glucanase genes protect plants from pathogens.


Regenerative thermal energy system, the upper end inlet portion (116), the lower inlet portion (120), and a heat exchange reactor comprising a lower discharge portion (130) and (110). The system also comprises at least one fluid source (122) is coupled at least one heat exchange reactor and in flow communication with the lower inlet portion. The system also comprises at least one low-temperature particle storage source (118) is coupled with at least one heat exchange reactor in flow communication with the upper end inlet portion. The system has a lower end discharge portion and at least one thermal energy storage are combined in flow communication with the heat exchange reactor in each upper inlet portion and (TES) container (160) further comprises. Heat exchange reactor is configured to facilitate direct contact and countercurrent heat exchange between the solid particles and the fluid. .FIELD 1


With the dataset scale increasing rapidly,it is difficult to use serial K-means to deal with mass-data.This article gives a parallel K-means algorithm for PCs cluster,and adopts the idea of data parallelism,and the tactic of self-adaptive data-partition to attain dynamic load balancing.Theoretical analysis and experimental result demonstrates the high efficiency of our algorithm.


Building on a conclusion of relationship between the formation of environmental policies and the citizens' environment consciousness,this project has analyzed people's understanding of the environmental problems,people's expectations for the environmental improvement,and individual participation in the environmental improvement activities.It is shown that industrial pollution and natural-environment improvement in urban areas are mainly what the citizens in Hangzhou care about and expect.Most citizens would like to discipline themselves and be selfless so as to better the urban environment.However,their consciousness of providing ideas for the government and joining in collective environment-protective activities still needs guidance and arousal.


The invention relates to the on hand portal crane in coal yard and the handcart on it to make a two-dimesional mechanical scanning, and use the laser and the photoelectric detection system of the liner CCD camera to make an optical range finding. Pointly for the surface height on the every point of the coal heap, and image the laser point formed on the different height coal surface on the different image space. So it could determine the every point height on the coal heap depend on the image point on the CCD, then integrate to get the volume of the coal heap. The working could be done by the mechanical scanner, the photoelectrical produing system, and the scanninig control data collection and processing system.


The paper puts forward a fraetal equipment support system model based on fractal theory,which suits for the demand of agility and integration,deseribes its organization features as hierarchy,self-similarity,self-organization and serf-optimization and analyzes its operation mode.


Alzheimer's disease, is a somatic disease that affects the brain. It is a progressive disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions. During this disease, accumulation of cerebral extracellular amyloid, which is mostly composed of accumulated amyloid-β (Ab) peptide as well as the accumulation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, appears to start up. This results in the loss of connection between nerve cell, and lead to the degeneration of neurons and finally death of brain tissue. Also due to the deficiency of some important chemical messenger in the brain, the signal transmission gets ultimately, affected in the body. The main objective of this study was to prepare the optimized formula of a VCO based emulsion containing Tween 20 as the surfactant for treatment of Alzheimer's disease which may help to increase the cholesterol level in the brain and to destroy the β amyloid plaque as a result of which the level of chemical messenger will increase in the brain. This study is further aimed to analyze, concentration of drug reaching into the brain and to study its effect in destroying β amyloid plaque.


Draws up the capital repairing technology standard of TCL-1418 settling and filtering centrifuge,then makes its equipment istandard,ensures equipment's capital repairing quality.


Navigation is pointless unless you remember where you've been. As we steer full tilt into a horizon line of machine learning, social media, and data analytics, it is time to take our bearings. This is the 30th ACM Hypertext conference, and with that in mind, I've decided to gather some memories from hypertext pioneers about the early vision of those first conferences three decades ago. Where have we been?


Two years after the final decree, 560 divorced parents, fathers as well as mothers, were asked to assess the impact of the divorce on their children. Their responses to this question—as well as to other questions—seemed to divide into a "his" and "hers" perspective. Other variables having to do with the parents and their children, the marriage, the divorce and the changes necessitated by the divorce were analyzed in relation to these parental assessments. Factors associated with fathers' responses differed from those associated with mothers', but the majority of each group felt that their children had been negatively affected by the divorce.


This paper provides further evidence to identify the ultimate controlling structure and the degree of expropriation of minority shareholders of listed companies in Taiwan. Compared with previous research, we focus on analyzing the control (voting) and cash flow rights owned by the controlling shareholder. We further distinguish two opposite effects of the controlling shareholders: the positive incentive effect and negative entrenchment effect. The findings of this paper indicate that Claessens et al. (2000) underestimate the control rights and cash flow rights of controlling shareholders and the proportion of family controlled companies in Taiwan due to insufficient disclosure of ultimate ownership structure. We adopt a simultaneous equation model to examine the relationship between the degree of expropriation of minority shareholder and corporate value. Based on our empirical results, we suggest that the deviation of control from cash-flow rights and the degree of collateralization of the stock held by controlling shareholders are two important variables in measuring the expropriation of minority shareholders. The two measurements also have a negative relationship on corporate value, supporting the negative entrenchment effect. In addition, the more cash flow rights owned by the controlling shareholder lead to higher corporate value, supporting the positive incentive effect. Finally, we suggest the regulations covering disclosure of ownership structure should adopt the concept of the ultimate control. That is, companies should provide the complete information for investors to trace and identify who owns the most votes in the companies and how many votes the controlling shareholder owns to distinguish the positive incentive effect and negative entrenchment effect of controlling shareholders.


ABSTRACT We study phase transitions and thermodynamic properties in the two-dimensional antiferromagnetic Ising model with next-nearest-neighbor interaction on a Kagomé lattice by Monte Carlo simulations. A histogram data analysis shows that a second-order transition occurs in the model. From the analysis of obtained data, we can assume that next-nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic interactions in two-dimensional antiferromagnetic Ising model on a Kagomé lattice excite the occurrence of a second-order transition and unusual behavior of thermodynamic properties on the temperature dependence.


[Objective] To investigate the influence of mismatch repair gene hMLH1 on the mutating of p53 gene in the carcinogenesis of colorectal carcinoma.[Method] Immunohistochemical method was used to detect P53 and hMLH1 protein in 37 cases normal colorectal tissues,32 cases colorectal adenomas and 165 cases colorectal carcinomas.[Results] ①In normal colorectal tissue group,colorectal adenoma group and colorectal carcinoma group the expression rates of P53 protein were 0%,21.9% and 48.5% respectively,difference was significantly between them(P0.05);the expression rates of hMLH1 protein were 100%,87.5% and 87.3% respectively,difference was significantly between normal colorectal tissue group and colorectal carcinoma group(P0.05).②In high-or medium-differentiated adenocarcinoma group,low differentiated adenocarcinoma group and mucous adenocarcinoma group P53 protein positive expression rates were 53.5%,17.6% and 16.7% respectively,difference was significantly between the former and the latter two groups(P0.05);hMLH1 positive expression rates in three groups were 90.8%,70.6% and 50.0% respectively,the latter two groups were obviously lower than the former group(P0.05).③In moderate and severe atypical hyperplasia tissue groups,expression rates of P53 protein were 18.5% and 40.0%(P0.05);expression rates of hMLH1 were 92.6% and 60.0%(P0.05).④In colorectal adenomas,expression rates of P53 protein was increased with the decreasing of hMLH1,no significant correlation was between them(P0.05);negative correlation was significantly between P53 and hMLH1 in colorectal carcinoma(P0.05).[Conclusion] Afunctional of hMLH1 gene may be one of the reasons for the mutation of p53 gene in the carcinogenesis of colorectal carcinoma.


Harper's primary objective is to provide "a comprehensive treatment of the general subject of price policy and procedure from the viewpoint of the marketing executive." He further indicates that the book is written for students (no distinction is made between graduate and undergraduate) who have finished their first courses in marketing and are now studying pricing policy or other marketing courses, such as marketing management. The book's eight chapters are organized in the following fashion: 1. An introduction to the nature of prices and pricing which stresses the role of economic theory as well as the importance of administered pricing as an approach to the setting of prices. 2. An analysis of the "internal" considerations (e. g., pricing objectives, organization, cost . structure) involved in setting prices. 3.-4. A discussion of external considerations, such as the nature of demand, market structure, etc., with special emphasis on legal factors which, together with ethical problems, comprise the content of chapter 4. 5. The application of normative pricing models, such as decision theory to pricing problems. 6.-7. A discussion of pricing by manufacturers and distributors respectively. 8. A miscellaneous catchall chapter where the author puts topics which do not fit elsewhere in the text, such as cost plus pricing, psychological pricing, discounts, etc. The book's organization does not seem consistent with the author's objectives of writing a volume from the viewpoint of the marketing executive. It is not until chapter 6 that he provides the reader with a systematic review of the principal decisions that face the market-


Summary In this study we explore whether individual differences in zebra e nch ( Taeniopygia guttata ) song copying covary with differences in tutor song characteristics and pupil behaviour. To this end, we combined data from two earlier studies, in which forty young males were tapetutored. We found no clear evidence that the eight different tutor songs, each of which was used to tutor e ve pupils, varied in degree in which they were copied by the pupils. Degree of song copying was not related to the characteristics of the tutor songs' phrase structure or elements, although the most frequent elements were copied most. However, we did e nd a relationship between song copying and the pupil's response to the tutor song: the pupils that approached the tutor song most frequently, and that were more silent after playback, also were the best copiers. These results e t the emerging notion that song learning in zebra e nches may be a process in which many different aspects contribute to the eventual result.


Poster: "RANZCR ASM 2010 / R-0042 / Literature Review: A review of the current published evidence on the efficacy and safety of intra-arterial Verapamil for cerebral vasospasm in aneurismal subarachnoid haemorrhage." by: "C. Horwill; QLD/AU"


Digital virtual manufacturing is a technology facilitating effective development and agile manufacturing of products via sophisticated computer models representing physical and logical schema and behavior of real manufacturing systems including products, process, and manufacturing resources. Based on these models, digital virtual manufacturing supports decision making and error checking in the entire manufacturing processes from design to mass production. In this paper, we analyzed entire business process of the tour major production shops such as press. body assembly, painting and general assembly, of a Korean automotive company by IDEF methodology. And then we generated a strategic plan for the systematic application of the virtual manufacturing technologies. We identified many activities in business process, that can be improved by the application of virtual manufacturing technologies.


Nowadays there remained no giant oil fields has been left undiscovered on shore and maturation of discovered ones have brought difficulties during production. The major one is the higher water production for the petroleum industry, as more reservoirs become mature. Higher water production in oil fields is one of the major difficulties for the petroleum industry, as more reservoirs become mature. Costs of lifting, handling, separation and disposal of large amounts of produced water; environmental concerns about this water; increased corrosion rates; higher tendency for emulsion; and, scale formation are among the main problems due to water production which often decrease the economic life of a well. Therefore, there is a need to reduce excessive water production.


The decentralization and immutability of blockchain make it have a wide application prospect, however, as the number of transactions increases, the storage cost of each node will also increase. So blockchain will be facing the bottleneck of insufficient scalability. Consensus Unit(CU) is one of grouping storage scheme for improving the scalability of blockchain, which organizes different nodes into one cluster and allocates all the blocks of the whole chain to the nodes in each cluster. In this paper, we propose an optimization problem that assigning blockchain data to nodes and minimized the total query cost, this is a variant of generalized basic probability assignment problem, so we propose a heuristic algorithm named GAPG to solve this problem. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is superior to random assignment and greedy algorithms for clusters with a large number of nodes.


Purpose Schools are considered ideal locations to deliver public health interventions. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine teachers' perspectives regarding reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of the Resistance Training for Teens (RT for Teens) program to aid in evaluating program translation. Methods Semistructured interviews were completed with a random subsample of 19 teachers who had attended RT for Teens program training. Questions were focused on key translational elements of the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance framework. A hybrid deductive–inductive thematic analysis was conducted to explore teachers' perspectives regarding the effect of RT for Teens. Results RT for Teens had an extensive reach via a number of delivery modes, including physical education, school sport, and elective physical activity courses. Teachers reported high levels of student enjoyment, engagement, and motivation during program delivery. The RT for Teens workshop provided teachers with new knowledge, relevant skills and teaching techniques, and improved confidence to teach health-related fitness activities. Barriers identified by teachers included staffing issues as well as lack of time and motivation (student and teacher). Provision of resources, more specifically the exercise circuit cards, was the main facilitator of program implementation. Most teachers indicated their intention to continue implementing program components, also referring to sharing program resources with fellow staff. However, it is unknown to what extent they were implemented. Conclusions Interviews with teachers have provided rich data to support the translational journey of the RT for Teens program, as it continues to progress through the dissemination phase. Information gathered from these interviews will assist in guiding future improvements in the design and delivery of school-based physical activity interventions. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry No: ACTRN12615000360516.


The ideology of ministerial party construction is an important part of Mao Ze-dong's theory about the ministerial party construction.In former or latter period of the 8th national congress of China communist party,Mao Ze-dong had a Victoria exploration to the ministerial party construction,he proposed three-construction theory about the ministerial party: first,it is the theory about ministerial ability,which chiefly include the following abilities: our party's ability in leading and controlling economic construction,in refusing and avoiding capitalist ideology erosion and our party's social integration ability of mobilizing all positive factors.Second,it is the theory about advanced construction,which is as follows: we should lead theory innovation in practice by new developing theory,we should indefatigably pursue the goal of realizing socialism and communism and we should regularly carry on the party member's education,which we must struggle for attaining more high condition of the communist party member.Third,it is the theory about institution construction,such as the perfect democracy intensive institution of our party,standing institution of the party congress and abolishing leader life responsibility institution.


Surrogate model assisted evolutionary algorithms are receiving much attention for the solution of optimization problems with computationally expensive function evaluations. For small scale problems, the use of a Gaussian Process surrogate model and prescreening methods has proven to be effective. However, each commonly used prescreening method is only suitable for some types of problems, and the proper prescreening method for an unknown problem cannot be stated beforehand. In this paper, the four existing prescreening methods are analyzed and a new method, called self-adaptive lower confidence bound (ALCB), is proposed. The extent of rewarding the prediction uncertainty is adjusted on line based on the density of samples in a local area and the function properties. The exploration and exploitation ability of prescreening can thus be better balanced. Experimental results on benchmark problems show that ALCB has two main advantages: (1) it is more general for different problem landscapes than any of the four existing prescreening methods; (2) it typically can achieve the best result among all available prescreening methods.


Unconstrained Face Verification is still an important problem worth researching. The major challenges such as illumination, pose, occlusion and expression can produce more complex variations in both shape and texture of the face. In this paper, we propose a method based on Monogenic Binary Pattern and Convolutional Neural Network (MBP-CNN) to improve the performance of face recognition system. For each facial image, the proposed method firstly extracts local features using Monogenic Binary Pattern (MBP) which is an excellent and powerful local descriptor compared to the well-recognized Gabor filtering-based LBP models. Then, we use Convolutional Neural Networks which is one of the best representative network architectures of deep learning in the literature, in order to extract more deep features. Thus, the developed MBP-CNN has robustness to variations of illumination, occlusion, pose, expression, texture and shape by combining Monogenic Binary Pattern and convolutional neural network. Moreover, MBP-CNN was more accurately represented by combining global and local information of facial images. Experiments demonstrate that our method provided competitive performance on the LFW database, compared to the others described in the state-of-the-art.


Band structures of the photonic crystal slabs play a significant role in manipulating the flow of light and predicting exotic physics in photonics. In this Letter, we show that the key features of photonic band structures can be achieved experimentally by the polarization- and momentum-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy utilizing the light emission properties of SiN x. The two-dimensional spectra clearly reveal the energy-momentum dispersion of band structures, which is in perfect agreement with the simulation results. The isofrequency contours can be measured easily by adding a bandpass filter with a desired photon energy. Furthermore, it is convenient to observe clearly and directly the optical singularity—the optical bound states in the continuum featured by dark point in three-dimensional photoluminescence spectra. The polarization-resolved isofrequency contours clearly show that this dark point is the center of an azimuthally polarized vortex. Finally, the helical topological edge states can be easily observed in photonic topological insulators with deformed hexagonal lattices. Our work provides a simple and effective approach for exploring topological photonics and other intriguing phenomena hidden in the photonic crystal slabs.


This is a book review of Greg Garrett, A Long, Long Way: Hollywood's Unfinished Journey from Racism to Reconciliation (Oxford University Press, 2020).


Electrocardiogram (ECG)-based biometric systems are popular due to their uniqueness and tamper-resistance. The author has designed a digital signal-based deep learning technique for person identification using the ECG signal, in this letter. The temporal variations are very high in the traditional ECG signal. Hence, processing and computational costs are very high for this nonstationary signal. The author converted the analogue signal into a quantiszed signal representation to minimize the temporal variations. These quantized representations are transformed into 128×128 images and utilized as input to the capsule network for further identification. The proposed methodology improves the identification of the beat variations from person to person. As a result, the algorithm was able to operate at a lower cost and with greater speed. The proposed model does not require any manual extraction of fiducial points. The performance of the proposed model is tested on the ECG-ID, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Check Your Bio-signals Here Initiative, and University of Toronto databases. The proposed system can identify a subject within 0.3365 s. The experimental results show that the proposed end-to-end identification system performs better than the earlier state-of-the-art techniques.


Zeolite-X is a potential material for CO 2 adsorption. To increase the performance of zeolite-X, kapok fiber was used as a support material. The growth of zeolite-X on the surface of kapok was affected by activation of the surface. This research aims to optimize the immersion time of kapok fiber using NaOH in order to achieve high crystallinity of the zeolite-X. The Zeolite-X supported on kapok fiber was synthesized by the simple hydrothermal method at immersion time variation of 12 to 36 h. XRD results show that zeolite-X on kapok surface has the highest crystallinity at immersion time of 24 h. The topography of kapok surface from AFM indicates that the surface was damaged due to peeling reaction of NaOH. SEM results show that zeolite-X has grown on the kapok surface in considerable amounts. From TGA analysis, it was shown that the thermal stability of zeolite-X supported on kapok surface was up to 300 °C. Adsorption of CO 2 measured by gravimetric method shows that CO 2 adsorption capacitywas up to 15.097 wt.% at room temperature.


Adaptive testing (AT) is a software testing approach that uses a feedback mechanism to enhance test effectiveness. Its testing strategy can be adjusted online by using the testing data collected during the software testing process. However, it requires complex parameter estimation which results in excessive computational overhead that may hinder the applicability of AT. In this paper, we propose an approach called AT based on moment estimation (AT-ME) to address this problem. The proposed approach uses moment estimation to serve as the algorithm of parameter estimation, which reduces the complexity of AT-ME. In addition, a dynamic length for testing action is set to limit the number of decisions without influencing the test effectiveness. The proposed approach has been validated on the Siemens test suite, which includes seven real programs. The experiments show that AT-ME can reduce the computational overhead of AT without compromising overall testing efficiency. Results demonstrate that AT-ME is a feasible and effective AT strategy.


Temperature is an important factor influencing the treatment effect of biological aerated filters (BAFs). In this study, BAFs incorporating biological manganese oxides (BMOs) were used to treat micro-polluted source water containing organic masses and ammonia, and the influence of temperature on the removal efficiency of the pollutants was investigated. The results showed that after the formation of biogenic manganese oxides (BMOs) in the filter layer, the removal efficiency of CODMn significantly improved. When the water temperature was approximately 24 °C, 16 °C, and 6~8 °C, the removal rates of CODMn, ammonia, and manganese were 60.64, 42.55, and 20.48; 98.40, 95.58, and 85.04; and 98.70, 97.63, and 96.38%, respectively. The influence of water temperature on the removal efficiency of the pollutants was hierarchically structured as follows: CODMn > ammonia > manganese. Analysis of the removal efficiencies of the pollutants along the filter layer showed that CODMn had been eliminated in every filtration layer, and ammonia and manganese were mainly removed in the 0~0.4 m and 0~0.8 m regions of the filter layer, respectively. With a decreasing water temperature, the concentrations of CODMn, ammonia, and manganese along the filter layer increased. The biological CODMn, manganese, and ammonia removal processes were all first-order kinetic reactions. With a decreasing water temperature, the kinetic constant k gradually decreased, and the reaction half-life (t1/2) gradually increased.


This paper investigates fuel consumption responses to different urban land use and transport patterns. It was observed that land use patterns and public transport performance influence fuel consumption. Road pricing in the central city shows reduction in urban congestion but no improvement to fuel consumption. Growth corridor response was different to the city norm due to the particular characteristics of the region.


Transitional lumbosacral vertebrae in the form of SI lumbarization and LV sacralization are classified as spinal anomalies. In the domestic medical literature, there are few publications devoted to these pathological conditions. In the course of a study of the available literature on the problem of transitional lumbosacral vertebrae, it was found that the frequency of cases of transitional lumbosacral vertebrae diagnosis ranges from 4 to 30% of clinical cases. The share of patients with lumbar vertebrae accounts for an average of 40% of cases, the share of patients with sacralization of the vertebrae is 60% of clinical observations. Mutations in the Hox gene are considered to be the trigger for the development of pathology, and pain is usually the leading clinical symptom. Plain radiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are used to diagnose the pathology. Radiation imaging of the entire spine is required to eliminate errors in vertebrae counting. The type of pathology is determined using various classifications. As conservative therapeutic agents, drug blockades applying anesthetics and hormonal drugs are used. The arsenal of surgical interventions includes resection of the enlarged transverse process of the supracacral vertebra, decompression of stenotic intervertebral foramina, impulsive radiofrequency ablation, and posterior fusion. Measures for the prevention of pathology are not currently developed.


The theories of ■-R is introduced and Matlab 6.0 is used to solve the problem of quality datum.The diagram is used to analyze the variety of product quality precisely.It not only can improve the experiment teaching efficiency,but also can train students'ability to analyze and solve problems.


This article was written based on the Bandung State Polytechnic Community Service (PKM) activity associated with the Association of Indonesian Exhibition Organizers (ASPERAPI) DPD West Java to provide solutions to problems implementing the sustainable principle of MICE in Indonesia. Considering the condition of Indonesia's MICE industry which is currently in a state of slowdown due to COVID -19, ASPERAPI DPD West Java has a need for guidelines for the sustainable implementation of MICE from the results of university academic studies. Following up on this, has carried out Community Service activities by the Bandung State Polytechnic with a Continuous Assessment Guide and provided training on the use of these instruments to administrators and members of the West Java Regional Management ASPERAPI as partners. This activity has resulted in partners' understanding of the application of the sustainable principle of MICE and the adoption of the Electronic Book for Sustainable Assessment Guidelines which will be used as a sustainable measure in organizing future exhibition activities.


The Report on school buildings edited by the Agnelli Foundation (Laterza, 2019) is the first survey produced in Italy on this issue, which shows the inadequacy of our school buildings. The data in the report reveal that, with more than 39,000 school buildings in Italy, only 7.2% have a canteen, sports spaces and a lecture hall; 40.6% have only educational spaces (classrooms) and administrative offices. In addition, 8,000 buildings have been built for other uses and adapted to school. These data show that the "classrooms=school" model is still the prevailing one, and that we are still far from an idea of school as a civic center.


Background: Various studies have shown association of much physical and psychosocial comorbidity with psoriasis. Aims & Objectives: To note pattern of various comorbidities in psoriasis patients and the association of systemic comorbidities with severity of psoriasis. Materials & methods: Cross sectional study of 200 psoriasis patients was done.Detailed history and examination done. Investigations included complete blood count, CRP, ESR, urine routine and microscopic examination, LFT, RFT, S .calcium, lipid profile, blood sugar estimation, S. protein, TFT, ultrasound abdomen. In case of joint involvementX-ray of involved joint, Rheumatoid factor and S. uric acid were done. General Health Questionnaire 12 for psychiatric morbidity, CASPAR criteria for psoriatic arthritis, ATP III criteria for metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular criteria based on BMI , NCEP for lipid levels, AGA diagnostic criteria for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, were used for calculation. Statistical analysis was done by Chi-Square Test. Results: most common comorbidities noted were:abdominal obesity (71%), increased BMI (70%), dyslipidemia (40%); hypertension (28%); diabetes mellitus (25%); metabolic syndrome (21.5%); Increased cardiovascular risk (81.5% based on BMI; 71% based on waist circumference) was noted. Significant association between disease severity and increased BMI, psoriatic arthritis, psychiatric comorbidity was noted. Conclusion: Screening of all patients for comorbidities and prompt treatment is necessary to break the vicious cycle of comorbidities worsening psoriasis and vice-versa, as well as for therapeutic implications.


A Reply to the Comment by J. Jourdan, I. Sick, and J. Zhao. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


Abstract This contribution proposes an approach and the respective tool that uses Active Deep Learning (ADL) to segment industrial three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) data. The general approach is application-independent and includes an iterative human-in-the-loop Active Learning (AL) process that produces labeled training data and a trained Deep Learning (DL) model for semantic segmentation. The model is continuously improved during iterations such that manual labeling effort is reduced. In addition, the user can minimize user interaction with the aid of a random forest-based classifier and focus on unclear or invalid segmentation results. The complete workflow is implemented within one single Python tool. The approach is demonstrated in detail for two industrial use cases: Single fiber analysis and plant segmentation. For plant segmentation, the method is compared to a baseline and a classic image processing algorithm.


Abstract : The major achievements of this project have been summarized in the Interim Progress Reports. The results of most significance fall in the following major categories: Quasilinear PDEs,the Eikonal Equation, and the Image Irradiance Equation; Photometric Stereo and Interactive Visual Design; Discrete Curvature; Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Discrete Curvature Flow by Mean Curvature for computer vision and image processing; and Electromagnetic Scattering from Non-Smooth Domains and new Piecewise Polynomial Wavelet Bases.


The increasing accessibility of legal corpora and databases create opportunities to develop data-driven techniques and advanced tools that can facilitate a variety of tasks in the legal domain, such as legal search and research, legal document review and summary, legal contract drafting, and legal outcome prediction. Compared with other application domains, the legal domain is characterized by the huge scale of natural language text data, the high complexity of specialist knowledge, and the critical importance of ethical considerations. The MLLD workshop aims to bring together researchers and practitioners to share the latest research findings and innovative approaches in employing data mining, machine learning, information retrieval, and knowledge management techniques to transform the legal sector. Building upon the previous successes, the third edition of the MLLD workshop will emphasize the exploration of new research opportunities brought about by recent rapid advances in Large Language Models and Generative AI. We encourage submissions that intersect computer science and law, from both academia and industry, embodying the interdisciplinary spirit of CIKM.


Two new watershed-delineation approaches are used to build statistical regression models that explain the variations in Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) scores at hundreds of sites in the Eastern Corn Belt Plains ecoregion of Ohio. Hydrologically contributing areas upstream of the sampling stations are delineated using 1) nonoverlapping watersheds up to the next upstream sampling station, and 2) custom watershed areas, called localsheds, delineated only up to a user-specified upstream flowlength. Both approaches provide an insight into the scale effects of various stressors. A large GIS-intensive database is developed with fine-resolution data on 30 m DEM, 1:24,000 scale roads and streams with network topology, proportionally allocated census block demography, and 30 m land cover characteristics. Stream order, reach sinuosity, and upstream network distances are derived using macro programming. The models explain more than 40% of the variation in habitat quality using stressor-related data within hydrologically connected areas that are only a mile upstream of the sampling sites. The results confirm the utility of the localshed framework and suggest that riparian row crops, commercial, and urban land uses in narrow strips, relatively broad swaths of deciduous forest, stream channelization, reach sinuosity, and stream order have a significant impact on the habitat immediately downstream of stress locations. Further research is outlined for model structure, data resources, and GIS software. ii Dedicated to my mother


Rock bumps occurrence during mining excavation is studied in this paper. The bumps appear to be a very significant danger to human life, particularly when the bumps influence the stability of a mine face. Although they may also appear inside the rock mass (because of local disturbance in the rock mass) the influence on the face is relatively small. The material in the earth may change in such a way that the final effect is negative for the safety of mining. The problem is studied both theoretically and on a special scale model. The results from both models are reasonably comparable.


A scene matching based visual SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping) navigation algorithm is proposed for SUAV (small unmanned aerial vehicle) which described by EKF (Extended Kalman Filtering). Firstly, a scene matching method with weighted Hausdorff distance was introduced for waypoints accurate abstraction. On this foundation, the SUAV's nonlinear state model was analyzed to establish nonlinear relationship model between the measurement and the waypoints, and then the state of the model was predicted and estimated to deal with data association and extend the state for new waypoints. Last, through continuously predicting and estimating, the algorithm located the SUAV accurately by visual information. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm could effectively reduce the estimation error of navigation system and improves the positioning accuracy for SUAV.


A status report is presented on facilities and planned operations at the Kennedy Space Center with reference to Space Shuttle launch activities. The facilities are essentially complete, with all new construction and modifications to existing buildings almost finished. Some activity is still in progress at Pad A and on the Mobile Launcher due to changes in requirements but is not expected to affect the launch schedule. The installation and testing of the ground checkout equipment that will be used to test the flight hardware is now in operation. The Launch Processing System is currently supporting the development of the applications software that will perform the testing of this flight hardware.


The study was undertaken in Shahdol District of Madhya Pradesh to determine the impact of different types of weeder in SRI. Twenty SRI trained farmers, were selected for practicing SRI trained before Jawahar paddy plant marker for line marking at equi-distance among plant to plant and row to row in the grids of 25 x 25 cms and cono weeder, rotary weeder and twin wheel hoe for weeding. It was observed that average productivity was 555 kg/ha as compared to farmers practice 275 kg/ha. Cono weeder and rotary weeder were found suitable for weeding in wet condition and twin wheel hoe in dry condition of SRI fields.


This letter develops a novel anomaly detection method using the generalized graph Laplacian (GGL) matrix to visualize the spatiotemporal relationship of distribution-level phasor measurement unit (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol{\mu }$</tex-math></inline-formula>PMU) data. The <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol{\mu }$</tex-math></inline-formula>PMU data in a specific time horizon are segregated into multiple segments. An optimization problem formulated as a Lagrangian function is utilized to estimate the GGL matrix. During the iterative process, an optimal update is constituted as a quadratic program problem. To perform the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol{\mu }$</tex-math></inline-formula>PMU-based spatiotemporal analysis, normalized diagonal elements of GGL matrix are proposed as a quantitative metric. The effectiveness of the developed method is demonstrated through real-world <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol{\mu }$</tex-math></inline-formula>PMU measurements gathered from test feeders in Riverside, CA, USA.


Computational intelligence deals with the development and application of computational models and simulations, often coupled with high performance computing, to solve complex physical problems arising in engineering analysis and design as well as natural phenomena. COVID-19 is a coronavirus-induced infectious disease. Most people worldwide got infected with this virus and became mild to moderately ill with respiratory related problems. Most infected individuals who experienced mild to moderate illness/disease and without hospitalization recovered. Yet older people with underlying medical conditions are more likely to experience severe diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer. As specific vaccine or treatment for COVID-19 is not yet prescribed, it is a tough task to prescribe a common medicinal procedure. There are many ongoing clinical trials evaluating potential treatments. This work presents an application that allots medicines to the one who tested positive. This proceeds after checking patients medical data which include BP, diabetes, cancer, alcoholic habits etc.,. Variations in the patient data originated from various sources with several medical concerns with different specifications is useful in evaluating and allotting proper medical course for COVID-19 patient treatment. Number of attributes are used in creating the database. Different ages are categorized and the corresponding treatment will be prescribed based on the age category and the medical history of the patient. Missing data values can affect the data sets and the performance of data mining system. This work presents clustering methods which is a method of unsupervised learning and common technique for statistical data analysis. Various clustering algorithms with test samples are carried out for medicine allotment based on age category, symptoms and medical history to evaluate the respective accuracy score.


their faeces, when the preceding specimen had been negative (-/+ sequence). Six (31-6%) of these occasions were associated with a deterioration in clinical state compared with a similar deterioration associated with only 17 (9.8 %) of the remaining 174 faecal culture sequences (+/+, +l-, -I-). Using the chi-square method, the authors found a p value less than 0-02. The chi-square method, however, should only be applied to independent variables.2 Bacteriological sequences from the same patient are not. Chi-square should in this case be calculated on one faecal sample or sequence per patient. Indeed, pooling related data artificially reinforces the strength of an observation. Moreover, if there are seasonal variations in klebsiella prevalence-which we do not know-the comparison has to be done at the same month for all patients and controls. The same chi-square error is found in the first klebsiella paper,3 where 433 faecal samples from 163 patients are pooled and subdivided according to clinical activity. So it appears that, even if the klebsiella idea is an interesting one, the evidence thus far of a relationship between klebsiella and activity of ankylosing spondylitis largely rests on unsound statistics. May we suggest that the editorial board should pay more attention to the validity of statistical procedures used in submitted papers?


Aiming to facilitate the choice of transport links leading from a starting location to a destination in greater Cairo, we propose in this work a public transportation mobile (android) application to assist users of public transport. The system is a pilot application that considers the public mini-buses network in three areas of Cairo, and builds the database of the mini-bus network verified on the ground. From this database, the transportation network graph consisting of nodes and possible links between them is constructed. Upon request, the system then identifies the series of public transport possible, calculates the shortest path between the two chosen locations, and displays the bus, or series of buses, and the routes to the user, ordered by distance. The specialized algorithm Dijkstra was implemented to find the shortest route.


Osteoporosis an d vascular disease are common and important causes of morbidity and mortality in elderly people. We aimed to evaluate serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels and their correlation with radial artery calcification and lipid profile in 36 patients undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery. We found radial artery calcification in 4 subjects and all had medial calcification. OPG levels of subjects with arterial calcification were significantly lower than subjects without arterial calcification (184.06 ‐ 18.30 vs 86.25 ‐ 13.79 pg/mL; p = 0.044). We did not observe any significant difference between the groups regarding age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, glucose metabolism, lipid profile, smoking and alcohol intake. There was an inverse correlation between OPG and lipoprotein {Lp}(a) levels (r = -0.567; p < 0.0001). This inverse correlation was seen in both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects (r = -0.522; p = 0.031 and r = -0.597; p = 0.007). As a conclusion, in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), OPG levels are lower in subjects with radial arterial calcification than in subjects without radial arterial calcification and there is an inverse correlation between OPG and Lp(a). Therefore, OPG may play an important role in arterial calcification and endothelial dysfunction.


Compared the effect of different planting depth of domestication Cymbidium faberi's growth planted in lean-to type greenhouse of north China.The temperature and humidity of orchid bulbs from shallow to deep.This situation gave an influence for orchid growth:(1) Lower depth planting(the bottom of bulb is on the surface of matter) made those plants age fast.(2) Traditional depth planting(the bottom of bulb is under the matter) plants have leaves grown sufficiently and long new roots.But they expressed low disease resistance.(3) Deeper depth planting(the entire body of bulb is in the matter) had an effect for plant recovering,but its germination rate was low.


Abstract. The influence of mesoscale eddies on the flow field and the water masses, especially the
oxygen distribution of the eastern tropical South Pacific, is investigated
from a mooring, float, and satellite data set. Two anticyclonic (ACE1/2), one
mode-water (MWE), and one cyclonic eddy (CE) are identified and followed in
detail with satellite data on their westward transition with velocities of
3.2 to 6.0 cm s−1 from their generation
region, the shelf of the Peruvian and Chilean upwelling regime, across the
Stratus Ocean Reference Station (ORS; ∼20∘ S, 85∘ W)
to their decaying region far west in the oligotrophic open ocean. The ORS is
located in the transition zone between the oxygen minimum zone and the well
oxygenated South Pacific subtropical gyre. Velocity, hydrographic, and oxygen
measurements at the mooring show the impact of eddies on the weak flow region
of the eastern tropical South Pacific. Strong anomalies are related to the
passage of eddies and are not associated with a seasonal signal in the open
ocean. The mass transport of the four observed eddies across 85∘ W
is between 1.1 and 1.8 Sv. The eddy type-dependent available heat, salt, and
oxygen anomalies are 8.1×1018 J (ACE2), 1.0×1018 J
(MWE), and -8.9×1018 J (CE) for heat; 25.2×1010 kg
(ACE2), -3.1×1010 kg (MWE), and -41.5×1010 kg (CE) for
salt; and -3.6×1016 µmol (ACE2),
-3.5×1016 µmol (MWE), and
-6.5×1016 µmol (CE) for oxygen showing a strong imbalance
between anticyclones and cyclones for salt transports probably due to
seasonal variability in water mass properties in the formation region of the
eddies. Heat, salt, and oxygen fluxes out of the coastal region across the
ORS region in the oligotrophic open South Pacific are estimated based on
these eddy anomalies and on eddy statistics (gained out of 23 years of
satellite data). Furthermore, four profiling floats were trapped in the ACE2
during its westward propagation between the formation region and the open
ocean, which allows for conclusions on lateral mixing of water mass
properties with time between the core of the eddy and the surrounding water.
The strongest lateral mixing was found between the seasonal thermocline and
the eddy core during the first half of the eddy lifetime.


A modern consumer nowadays has availability of enormous variety of products and services to choose from when making purchasing decision. This leads to high competition, and companies have to seek new ways and more effective communication measures to successfully influence decision making process of consumers, as well as be creative to forecast consumer behaviour and increase market competitiveness. This is one of the reasons why behavioural research tools are important parts of management decision process. By being able to precisely define expected consumer activities, it is possible to forecast sales amounts, revenue, turnover, and also predict company development potential, especially in periods when sales hit high levels, for example, during holiday season. Consumer behaviour and actions are influenced not only by products, perception of brand values and effectiveness of marketing communication, but also by cultural, social, individual and psychological factors. Analyses of cross-interactions of these aspects allows to reveal which purchasing behavioural model is the most dominating one when buying goods or services. The aim of this research is to determine the most influencing factors of consumers in Latvia during holiday season, as well as evaluating effectiveness behind various holiday marketing solutions, in order to make argumented marketing decisions to increase competiveness of a company. The research results allow to indicate factors which affect consumption habits, and, based on that, proposals of upgrading marketing solutions for festive periods are revealed, including recommendations for improving marketing communication, appropriate methods of goods and services differentiation, methods of consumer segmentation and other aspects which sharpen competitive edge of a company.


A vacuum glass support is provided with a ring-shaped/column-shaped support body. At least one notch with depth not more than the thickness of support body is formed on at least one of an upper surface and a lower surface of the support body. Materials of the support body can be selected from metal material or nonmetal material, such as stainless steel and nickel, cadmium and other metal materials or alloys with enough hardness, and also can be selected from ceramics, special glass and the like.


The purpose of this research is to design and evaluate a new queue management algorithm effectively controlling the heavy-tailed traffics. Among active queue managements (AQM), Random Early Detection (RED), has been widely used to improve the TCP throughput. The heavy-tailed traffic, however, generates the large fluctuation on the queue causing the degradation of fairness in terms of jitter performance. In this paper, we proposed the Stable time RED (STRED) to improve the jitter and the fairness of jitter performance. STRED enables to stabilize the calculation timing for average queue length leading to suppress the queue fluctuations. We also implemented the STRED mechanism on the ns-2 simulator. In addition, we propose the pseudo model network consisting of multiple input / output buffers. The experiments of different pattern of AQM algorithms were conducted. As the results of simulation, we extracted the following features. Firstly, STRED could sustain the jitter values and large fluctuations of each file size and Pareto distribution. Secondly, STRED at the first incoming buffer made lower and smoother jitter values than the RED method. Thirdly, STRED could improve the fairness of jitter for all file sizes, and especially for heavy-tailed traffics. Finally, STRED creates low jitters and the high fairness in term of jitter meaning that STRED can enhance the quality of mutual communication applications such as Internet telephony.


The NSF's Directorate for Education and Human Resources includes many different programs designed to support the preparation and enhancement of teachers at the K-12 level.


Enhanced technological advancement in computation, communication, and sensing has dramatically changed the dynamics of modern medicine. Advancing preventive medicine is paramount to a sustainable improvement in the quality of life and life expectancy. On-body sensors provide continuous measurements for healthy and ailing individuals leading to faster recovery and more timely detection of illnesses. Novel sensor designs and sensor fusion for preventive monitoring can provide extensible benefits, including a better understanding of ailment progression, treatment optimization, and patient feedback through data analytics and visualization. This article presents the development of an ex-vivo sensor fusion system to track a person's muscular condition. The embedded system provides a significant benefit by notifying users of particular events in real time.


The invention filter in particular, relates to an air filter for the intake air of an internal combustion engine. The filter is provided with a housing consisting of two cone-shaped housing shell (12, 12a), the support tube 17 in particular, the conical support tube is formed in one piece with the housing of the shell. Conical round filter cartridge having an axial play compensation port 21 will be pushed into the tube. The housing shells (12, 12a) are connected by a central screw-engaging portion (22), airtight between the housing shell is guaranteed by a labyrinth seal (14, 15). Filters according to the invention is so insensitive to the axial tolerances of the individual parts, and minimize production costs. In addition, the housing shells can be prepared using a simple mold without undercutting to enhance the economic capability of the additional filter. The eonteo cutting is suppressed due to the fact that it generates a radial distance (a) between the radial beams 29 of the tube is that of a conical shape of the support in particular, in the case of the grid-like support tube (17).


Software reuse has been widely practiced in industries with or without clear identification of reuse. In order for reuse to occur, software developers must not only reuse good quality components, but must also contribute to reusable components that others can use. Reuse and design for reusability, need to be made part of the culture of software development organizations. This paper presents a reuse methodology over an empirical study on a few industrial projects in the same organization, to analyze how one project reused another. These projects have been successfully completed and the products are still exercised in the field. The study result was confirmed to be satisfactory by the development teams. The authors have also developed a tool that interactively guides the user in applying the proposed methodology.


The comprehensive evaluation index of vocational education group resources sharing including human resources sharing,material resources sharing,financial resources sharing,information resources sharing and cultural resources sharing between the vocational education group member units.The human resources sharing index includes three aspects of manager,staff and students.The material resources sharing index includes three aspects of practice and training place,teaching equipments,books and reference materials.The financial resources sharing index includes two aspects of the source of funds and the funds utilization.The information resources sharing index includes three aspects of hardware,software,and hidden information.The cultural resources sharing index includes three aspects of the policy culture,the material culture and the spiritual culture.


Abstract Low-frequency electrical heating is an effective method that can solve most of the problems of recover of highly viscous oil from a reservoir, such as low initial injectivity and shallow depth in launching common thermal injection processes. This technology has been recently field tested, yielding acceptable results. An associated important problem of electrical heating is the appearance of hot spots around the electrodes, which can be solved by water circulation. Furthermore, water circulation, in particular saltwater circulation, has a significant effect on the heating process due to the high electrical conductivity of the circulated water. In order to investigate the effect of saltwater circulation on process efficiency we studied the process using numerical simulation. The physical properties and operational data for Athabasca bitumen were collected from the literature. The model built using the CMG STARS simulator (Computer Modelling Group, Ltd., Calgary, Alberta, Canada) and tested with available analytical solutions was validated. The results indicate that the proper application of saltwater circulation in electrical heating methods dramatically influences the temperature propagation by increasing the electrical conductivity and extending the effective radius of the electrode, raising the heat convection and cooling the electrodes. After 3 years' simulation, a recovery factor of 40% was achieved.


The present invention relates to a diamond trussed traveling form. Said diamond main truss is formed from upper frame, lower frame, front frame and rear frame which are connected together and formed into diamond shape. Said upper frame is inclined towards front-lower side, the front end of upper frame and front end of front frame are fixed on the front support abutment, its upper frame and upper end of rear frame are fixed on the upper support abutment, its rear frame and rear end of lower frame are fixed on the rear support abutment, the front end of its lower frame and rear end of front frame are fixed on the lower support abutment; between lower support abutment and upper support abutment a door-shaped rear hanger frame is connected, on the front support abutment a front hanger beam is fixedly connected; the front hanger beam and the door-shaped rear hanger frame are connected with a suspended mechanism, front end of said front hanger beam is connected with an auxiliary hanger frame, between the rear end of front hanger beam and upper frame a tie rod is connected, front end of the auxiliary hanger frame is connected with a hanger rod, and said hanger rod is connected with a working platform.


The most of the organizations tend to accumulate the data related to security, which goes up-to terabytes in every month. They collect this data to meet the security requirements. The data is mostly in the shape of logs like Dns logs, Pcap files, and Firewall data etc. The data can be related to any communication network like cloud, telecom, or smart grid network. Generally, these logs are stored in databases or warehouses which becomes ultimately gigantic in size. Such a huge size of data upsurge the importance of security analytics in big data. In surveys, the security experts grumble about the existing tools and recommend for special tools and methods for big data security analysis. In this paper, we are using a big data analysis tool, which is known as apache spark. Although this tool is used for general purpose but we have used this for security analysis. It offers a very good library for machine learning algorithms including the clustering which is the main algorithm used in our work. In this work, we have developed a novel model, which combines rule based and clustering analysis for security analysis of big dataset. The dataset we are using in our experiment is the Kddcup99 which is a widely used dataset for intrusion detection. It is of MBs in size but can be used as a test case for big data security analysis.


Well logging data contain rich formation lithologic information and it is the basic data of lithological identification.The traditional methods are difficult to reflect the nonlinear mapping relationship between well logging data and litholog,but the neural network can solve this problem.It has the advantages of distributed processing,automatic study,automatic organization,high nonlinear and others.A radial basis function neural network mode of lithologic identification based on the radial basis function is established to study a real well logging data and lithologic data.Practical application shows that the accuracy of identification is high and the convergence speed is fast.


Abstract : In this thesis, I explore the challenges to and reasons for the current limited trilateral security cooperation among Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines in the Celebes Sea. The study analyzes historical and current events among these countries and relations between them and extra-regional powers. In particular, it examines their unilateral and bilateral policies, their domestic political constraints, and the status of their respective militaries and domestic law enforcement institutions. These nations have been successful in establishing tri-national agreements among each other to enhance security cooperation in the Celebes Sea, however these have lacked sufficient scope and depth to address the current terrorist and piracy threats in the Celebes Sea region. The author finds that this lack of security cooperation is mainly due to these nations' historical mistrust of each other's national interests, domestic political challenges and limited force projection and interagency capabilities. In this thesis, he makes recommendations for U.S. policy and theater engagement planning with these nations.


Despite the fact that obesity is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, it has now been recognized that a proportion of obese individuals display a healthy cardiometabolic profile. In contrast, a proportion of lean individuals have been shown to portray an increased risk for cardiometabolic complications. These distinct sub-phenotypes of obese and lean individuals are referred to as metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and the metabolically obese, non-obese (MONO) phenotypes. We have shown that the MONO phenotypes are characterized by increased levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and reduced levels of anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin. The clinical relevance of these sub-phenotypes of obesity and the issues related to the categorization of metabolic obesity  are also discussed in this research highlight. The health outcomes related to these phenotypes and their differential response to interventions should also be characterized.


During the decades of the fifties and sixties, aspects of the New Stagecraft Movement in the United States was one of the most popular thesis and dissertation topics in speech and theatre departments across America. Studies of the theories, works, and influences of Edward Gordon Craig, Adolph Appia, Lee Simonson, Robert Edmond Jones, and Norman Bel Geddes were the most popular. There can be little doubt that this was also one of the most recorded periods in the history of twentieth century American theatre. Between 1910 and 1940 there were more critical comments about playwrights, designers, directors and productions than during the last fifty years, a plethora of written material which just seems to invite people to postulate; an act to which this reviewer must confess even he succumbed. There is evidence that economy of means—the financial ability to produce— determined the physical and/or artistic result of most of the productions of the new movement in both the professional and little theatres. One recalls the snide remark (in 1920) of the critic Charles Henry Meltzer about "those awful little theatre settings . . . all platform and grey curtains." Much has been written about the ingenuity of these productions. And now comes Arthur Feinsod's The Simple Stage, Its Origins in the Modern American Theatre, in which he suggests that the scarcity of investiture in the early productions was the product of an artistic theory rather than the economic stringencies of the producing groups. We had some warning of what was coming in 1984 when in The Drama Review Feinsod labeled Robert Edmond Jones "the first minimalist designer." Feinsod turns the simple fact of economic necessity into a new art form which he describes as "the simple stage" with a vocabulary befitting the recent semioticists and symbiosists. After explaining that the simplicity-minded designer reduced the setting to its bare essentials, Feinsod goes on to reveal that


The synthesis of onion like fullerenes was investigated by traditional DC arc discharge method, using nano sized catalysts in a modified arc discharge apparatus. A high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) was used to characterize the morphologies and microstructures of the product. HRTEM observations indicated that the typical nano onion like fullerenes are highly crystallized, with uniform external diameter of about 20~50nm.Two kinds of nano onion like fullerenes were observed: 1) Nano onion like fullerenes encapsulating catalyst nanoparticles; 2) Individual onion like fullerenes. The growth mechanism of nano onion like fullerenes and the effect of catalyst particle on product diameter and yield were discussed. The VLS growth model was used to explain some experimental phenomena. Results showed that the diameter and yield of nano onion like fullerenes are affected by catalyst activity and particle size.


&NA; This report describes the purposes of an appointment system and its relationship to medical‐care management. The transition to a computerized system is traced; the strengths and weaknesses of an automated system are discussed. A discussion of cost is included.


Instructional development (ID) models are intended to serve as guides to successful ID practice. There is increasing evidence, however, that most practicing instructional designers do not strictly adhere to the prescriptions found in typical ID models. Rather, ID practice seems to be characterized by selective use of the design activities contained in the models. This study examined the relationship between the inclusion of various ID activities and the perceived success of ID projects. Based on face-to-face and telephone interviews with 40 practicing designers involved in 77 ID projects, it appears that designers' perceptions of project success are a function of neither how many ID activities (derived from typical ID models) are completed, nor how thoroughly the activities are completed.


Physics Dept.-Theory Division, CERN, CH-1211,Geneva 23, Switzerland Instituto de Fsica Terica, Universidad Autnoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain ∗ Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 Dept. of Theoretical Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400 005, India We propose a phenomenological matrix model to study string theory in AdS5 × S5 in the canonical ensemble. The model reproduces all the known qualitative features of the theory. In particular, it gives a simple effective potential description of Euclidean black hole nucleation and the tunnelling between thermal AdS and the big black hole. It also has some interesting predictions. We find that there exists a critical temperature at which the Euclidean small black hole undergoes a Gross-Witten phase transition. We identify the phase transition with the Horowitz-Polchinski point where the black hole horizon size becomes comparable to the string scale. The appearance of the Hagedorn divergence of thermal AdS is due to the merger of saddle points corresponding to the Euclidean small black hole and thermal AdS. The merger can be described in terms of a cusp (A3) catastrophe and divergences at the perturbative string level are smoothed out at finite string coupling using standard techniques of catastrophe theory.


This paper attempts to understand the role of the four gravitational constants in the nuclear structure whichhelps in understanding the nuclear elementary charge, the strong coupling constant, nuclear charge radii,nucleon magnetic moments, nuclear stability, nuclear binding energy and Neutron life time. The three assumed atomic gravitational constants help in understanding neutron-proton stability. Electromagnetic and nuclear gravitational constants play a role in understanding proton-electron mass ratio, Bohr radius and characteristic atomic radius. With reference to the weak gravitational constant, it is possible to predict the existence of a weakly interacting fermion of rest energy 585 GeV, called Higg's fermion. Cosmological 'dark matter' research and observations can be carried out in this direction also.


Monocrystalline silicon wafers are widely used as the primary material for solar cell production in the photovoltaic industry, owing to their high efficiency and sleeker aesthetic. Wafering is the primary process towards wafer production. The existing wafering processes have limitations of cracking, chipping, and high kerf loss, arising the need for cost-efficient and precise methods to produce wafers. In the present experimental work, an attempt has been made to explore the potential of Wire Electro-discharge Machining (WEDM) for wafer production and to gain an understanding of the effects caused by pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff), peak current (Ip), wire tension (WT), and wire feed rate (WFR) during the wafering process to achieve the optimal parametric setting for attaining maximum wafering speed and minimum surface roughness. The work material used was P-type monocrystalline silicon. Wafers thickness of 250 μm was produced, avoiding edge chipping. The experimentation was planned according to the face-centered central composite design. The obtained results were statistically analyzed, and response surface methodology (RSM) was used to model the wafering speed and surface roughness. From the analysis of experimental results, it was noticed that at the higher level of Ton and Ip, a maximum wafering speed of 2.574 mm/min was attained. In contrast, the minimum surface roughness of 1.57 μm was achieved at the lower level of Ton and Ip. The most significant process variables that influence the wafering speed and surface roughness are the Ton, Toff, and Ip. Micrographs of the wafer surface reveal the presence of micro craters, but there was no evidence of micro-cracks. The multi-objective optimization of the responses was done using the desirability approach, and the optimized values of wafering speed and surface roughness attained were 0.989 mm/min and 1.57 μm, respectively.


poem. Lee writes of the poem, in short, as he taught it: `I know from years of conducting this kind of critical reading with students that there is no better way to help them get their minds and imaginations inside the Old English poem.' Lee's method of working makes one regret that the book has no index of passages cited so that one could easily find what it has to say about a given line. Lee may well be right that there is no better way of introducing Beowulf to students and readers than through close readings of its text; but there are other ways that are equally good. In his critical practice, he admits as much by drawing heavily on Frye's theory of romance and its various stages. His general purpose in adducing this theory, to remind readers that there is much in Beowulf that partakes of the marvellous and thus resists the claims of strict realism, seems valuable to me. But the longer excurses about Frye's criticism seem out of place in a book about Beowulf, perhaps because there is an awkward fit between the poem and the mandarin, system-building intelligence that brought forth Anatomy of Criticism. That Beowulf does not figure largely in that book suggests Frye may have suspected as much himself. Beneath its always lucid, always courteous manner, Gold-Hall and EarthDragon reads as a polemic against those who would stray too far from the text and its web of language. The best way to read Lee's book, I think, is to surround it with as many texts of Beowulf as one's desk will hold B with Klaeber, Wrenn, Jack, Mitchell and Robinson, Zupitza's facsimile B for that is the critical company that it desires and deserves. (NICHOLAS HOWE)


We consider the problem of determining the Levy exponent in a Levy model for asset prices given the price data of derivatives. The model, formulated under the real-world measure $\mathbb P$, consists of a pricing kernel $\{\pi_t\}_{t\geq0}$ together with one or more non-dividend-paying risky assets driven by the same Levy process. If $\{S_t\}_{t\geq0}$ denotes the price process of such an asset then $\{\pi_t S_t\}_{t\geq0}$ is a $\mathbb P$-martingale. The Levy process $\{ \xi_t \}_{t\geq0}$ is assumed to have exponential moments, implying the existence of a Levy exponent $\psi(\alpha) = t^{-1}\log \mathbb E(\rm e^{\alpha \xi_t})$ for $\alpha$ in an interval $A \subset \mathbb R$ containing the origin as a proper subset. We show that if the initial prices of power-payoff derivatives, for which the payoff is $H_T = (\zeta_T)^q$ for some time $T>0$, are given for a range of values of $q$, where $\{\zeta_t\}_{t\geq0}$ is the so-called benchmark portfolio defined by $\zeta_t = 1/\pi_t$, then the Levy exponent is determined up to an irrelevant linear term. In such a setting, derivative prices embody complete information about price jumps: in particular, the spectrum of the price jumps can be worked out from current market prices of derivatives. More generally, if $H_T = (S_T)^q$ for a general non-dividend-paying risky asset driven by a Levy process, and if we know that the pricing kernel is driven by the same Levy process, up to a factor of proportionality, then from the current prices of power-payoff derivatives we can infer the structure of the Levy exponent up to a transformation $\psi(\alpha) \rightarrow \psi(\alpha + \mu) - \psi(\mu) + c \alpha$, where $c$ and $\mu$ are constants.


Received 29 October 1996; accepted 30 October 1996 A report by Ashby et al. (Human and Exp Toxicol 15: 702-735, 1996) described their attempt to assess the 'potential carcinogenicity and genetic toxicity to humans of the herbicide acetochlor'. This is a paper that is remarkable in a number of ways. First, it shows the tenacity by which industry will invest resources in the stewardship of their product, in this case acetochlor. This tenacity was seen in what amounted to an extraordinary attempt to both explain in a toxicological sense why initial rodent bioassays yielded significant tumor responses in mice and rats and why these responses were not likely to be relevant to humans. The authors stated that this concern over the


Phethenylate ("thiantoin") sodium or "thyphenytoin" (5-phenyl-5-[2-thienyl] hydantoinate) was first prepared in 1941. The initial clinical results, however, were not published until 1948, when Peterman1reported on a series of 73 children with convulsions who were treated with the drug for two years. His results indicated that phethenylate was effective in controlling both grand mal and petit mal seizures. The toxic side-reactions were relatively insignificant and consisted of hyperplasia of the gums, ataxia and incoordination, and rash. In 1950 Carter and Merritt2reported that phethenylate sodium was ineffective in treatment of petit mal seizures. We have treated 153 patients with phethenylate over a period of three years. We observed that the drug was somewhat effective in the control of grand mal seizures, but was not appreciably beneficial in treatment of petit mal and psychomotor seizures. In addition to the untoward reactions reported by Peterman, jaundice has been noted by


Background The benefits of dialysis in older people with ESKD are not clear. We prospectively evaluated whether dialysis has survival advantage compared to conservative care (CC) in older people who were medically suitable for dialysis therapy. Methods This was a prospective observational study of CKD patients aged ≥75 years when eGFR first reached ≤15ml/min/1.73m2. Hazard ratios (HR) for death were compared between patients who chose dialysis versus conservative care (CC) from when first seen in pre-dialysis clinic (eGFR ≤15ml/min/1.73m2), and when initiation of dialysis was first considered (eGFR ≤10ml/min/1.73m2). Patients with co-morbidities likely to significantly reduce life expectancy such as advanced heart failure, advanced dementia, and malignancy, were excluded. Results There were 204 patients (123 dialysis, 81 CC). 115 went on to record eGFR of ≤10ml/min/1.73m2 (73 dialysis, 42 CC). The median survival from eGFR first ≤15ml/min/1.73m2 for the dialysis and CC groups were 42 (33–50) months and 31 (21–41) months. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for death in the dialysis group compared to CC was 0.61 (0.41–0.61, p = 0.01). The median survival from eGFR first ≤10ml/min/1.73m2 for dialysis and CC group were 36 (25–47) months and 12 (0–5) months. The adjusted HR for death in the dialysis group compared to CC was 0.36 (0.21–0.62, p <0.001). Conclusion Dialysis confers a survival benefit in older patients medically suitable for dialysis. This study is novel in being both prospective and in excluding patients with co-morbidities which may limit suitability for dialysis and life expectancy. A future focus on quality of life is needed to establish the true benefits of dialysis in older people.


Tricia Jenkins – an Assistant Professor at Texas Christian University (Fort Worth, Texas) – systematically documents the CIA's foray into Hollywood. She shows how the CIA has tried to use the enter...