Recent improvements in tracking and feature extraction mean that speaker-dependent lip-reading of continuous speech using a medium size vocabulary (around 1000 words) is realistic. However, the recognition of previously unseen speakers has been found to be a very challenging task, because of the large variation in lip-shapes across speakers and the lack of large, tracked databases of visual features, which are very expensive to produce. By adapting a technique that is established in speech recognition but has not previously been used in lip-reading, we show that error-rates for speaker-independent lip-reading can be very significantly reduced. Furthermore, we show that error-rates can be even further reduced by the additional use of Deep Neural Networks (DNN). We also find that there is no need to map phonemes to visemes for context-dependent visual speech transcription.


It s been nearly five years since the Backstreet Boys have released[发行] a new album, but as the title of 2005's "Never Gone" makes clear, in their mind, they've never been away.


Objectives : Treatment using foods has already been recorded since the time of Zhou Dynasty of China. Modifications in the cooking process of...


Abstract : Some partial-tides in the horizontal earth-tide-spectrum can synchronously in both main-direction practically only be measured in the proximity of the poles. For vertical component the fort-nightly moon-wave there reaches one maximum which, with modern technics, seems possible to be measured. The aim of an international expedition to Spitzbergen ( =78 degrees N) in 1969/70 was the observation of these waves. It is reported about the performance of the research work and some ideas are given on the results of measurements and the first results of harmonic analysis. (Author)


Physicochemical property of APMP and alkaline cooking mix effluent was studied, and solids of different ratio of them were studied via thermo-gravimetric analysis. According to the analysis of phyrolysis process by means of Coats-Redferen method and based on the calculated kinetic parameters of the solids, it is found that the reaction order of the solids are 2 at the organic phyrolysis region, with the increase of chemical pulping black liquor ratio in the solids, the activation energy of the solid decreases and frequency factor first increases slightly and then stable. The combustion properties of APMP effluent in alkali recovery process can be improved by mixing with chemical pulping black liquor.


Hay of three varieties viz. JHO-851, JHO-822 and Kent was prepared. Twelve sheep (22.62±0.97 kg), divided into three equal groups of 4 each, were offered particular variety of oat hay ad lib over a period of 25 d followed by a metabolism trial of 7 d duration and collection of rumen liquor samples, JHO-822 contained higher CP and lower NDF than both JHO-851 and Kent. The dry matter intake (%Body wt.) remained similar in all groups. The digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose and ADL including energy (DE) differed significantly, being maximum in-JHO-822, followed by Kent and JHO-851, however, digestibility of CP and EE was maximum in JHO-851 while minimum in Kent. The daily N retention was 2.43±0.21, 4.53±0.11 and 4.39±0.39 g in Kent, JHO-851 and JHO-822, respectively, which differed significantly (P<0.01). The TDN (%) and DE (Kcal/g) contents were lower in JHO-851 (61.66±1.04 and 2.49±0.08) than JHO-822 (66.76±0.72 and 2.78±0.02) and Kent (64.26±0.91 and 2.87±0.03) varieties. However, both new varieties were better in DCP content than Kent which met only 87% of the maintenance requirement of the protein. The average rumen pH and TVFA concentration were comparable among the groups. However concentration of nitrogen metabolities were higher in JHO-822 and JHO-851 than in Kent. It may be concluded that JHO-822 oat hay was nutritionally superior to both JHO-851 and Kent hay.


A new bacteriological medium Modified Fish Meal Extract agar was tested for its efficacy in promoting the growth of P aeruginosa normally encountered in clinical specimens. 50 specimens each of sputum, pus and urine samples were cultured on Modified Fish Meal Extract Agar and the results were compared with normal Nutrient agar and Blood agar. There was 100% conformity in the results compared with the other selective media for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. One of the greatest advantages of this Modified FMEA was that no other organisms grew in culture other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The cost of consumable materials used in the preparation of fish meal extract agar being simple and cheap this media can be used successfully in the routine culture work for the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from clinical specimens like sputum.


As I use the term here, the central component of political liberalism holds that political institutions are not to be guided by substantive principles of the good about which reasonable people may disagree. If a particular policy or institutional action is a requirement of justice, this cannot be because this policy or action promotes human welfare, well-being, or flourishing. Morality , on the other hand, isn't like this. Morality doesn't bracket substantive considerations about the value of human life in assigning moral obligations. It seems perfectly sensible to say that if it's the case that a particular action of mine would render many people's lives more valuable, this is certainly a moral reason to do it. These two facts form the central tension I explore in this paper. Political liberalism, or so I claim, comes out with the short end. The general argumentative structure runs like this: first, under the sort of political liberalism at issue here, individuals can be subject to competing and conflicting political obligations and moral obligations. At a given time, someone can be morally required to φ, required as a matter of political justice to ¬φ. Second, I argue that this fact creates a problem for political liberalism. Liberals are forced to either reject a sensible claim about the rational authority of moral requirements, or adopt a position that is incompatible with one of liberalism's central motivations. Before I begin the substantive argument of this paper, I want to characterize in a little more detail the view I characterize as " political liberalism ". Political liberals accept what Stephen Wall calls " the bracketing strategy " :


Introduction: Limited data exists, internationally and in Ireland, on long-term outcomes among people with diabetes who are managed in primary care. The Midlands Diabetes Structured Care Programme takes a multifaceted approach to primary-care-led management, encompassing evidence-based strategies to integrate diabetes management within general practice (clinical integration) and with other disciplines (professional integration),  including patient registration and recall, regular diabetes review visits, active role of the practice nurse in coordination and ongoing management, multidisciplinary specialist access (e.g. nurse specialists, dietetics, ophthalmology, chiropody), professional education, and remuneration. Our aim was to examine mortality, complications and clinical outcome targets among patients with diabetes enrolled in the programme since its establishment in 1998. Methods: Data were collected in 1998 and 2015, on patient outcomes (mortality (2015), complications (2008–2015), and clinical parameters (1998, 2015)), among patients with diabetes (≥18 years) registered with participating practices.  Data were extracted from patient notes by clinical nurse specialists using a paper-based data collection form. Using Stata, chi-square tests were used to test differences in clinical outcomes over time and to examine baseline factors associated with mortality. Results: Overall 376 patients (10 practices) were followed up to 2015. Among survivors (n=192, 51%), 23% (n=30) had experienced a macrovascular complication; primarily heart failure (n=9, 7%) or CVA (n=7, 5%), and 2% (n=1) had a minor amputation. In 1998, 15% (n=14) had retinopathy, increasing to 72% (n=118) by 2015.  The proportion of patients with a recommended blood pressure target ( Discussion: The findings indicate the progress which has been made in clinical outcomes among patients enrolled since the initiation of the programme. Conclusions: The proportion of patients meeting targets increased over time. There was a high incidence of macrovascular complications. The proportion of patients with retinopathy had increased over time, reflecting the increasing age of the cohort, and potentially improvements in screening during the study period. Lessons learned: Improvements in the clinical profile of patients enrolled in the programme since its inception suggests primary-care-led diabetes management can perform favourably in the long-term. The incidence and prevalence of complications indicates the importance of effective management and achieving clinical outcome targets. Limitations: Changes observed in patient outcomes cannot be attributed directly to the programme and may reflect improvements in clinical guidance, self management, and medication during the study period. Suggestions for future research: Future work should explore factors associated with mortality and survival in this cohort, including establishing cause of death to facilitate comparisons the national population.


The invention relates to an interlocking device for an earthing switch operating mechanism and a chassis locking mechanism, which comprises a chassis locking mechanism and an earthing switch operating hole baffle installed on a machine cabinet bracket, wherein a screw rod block plate of the chassis locking mechanism is installed on a breaker room bracket, a limit surface at the rear of the screw rod block plate corresponds to a limit surface at the tail of the screw rod, a reset spring is installed on a locking spindle, a driving bracket is fixed on the locking spindle, a transition shaft installed on the driving bracket is arranged in poke holes in the two side plates of the baffle, both ends of a spring sheathed on the transition shaft abut against one side of the driving bracket and an indication baffle, and the baffle corresponds to the front part of the screw rod block plate; and a rocker arm is installed on the locking spindle, one end of the rocker arm is hinged with an upper connecting rod, the other end of the upper connecting rod is hinged with the middle part of the transition connecting rod, one end of the transition connecting rod is hinged with the breaker room bracket, the other end of the transition connecting rod is hinged with a lower connecting rod, and the other end of the lower connecting rod is hinged with the earthing switch operating hole baffle. The interlocking device provided by the invention has a reasonable and compact structure, and the operating security can be improved.


I. Introduction 3
 I.1 History of carbon-carbon reaction catalyst 3
 I.2 Theoretical reviews 6
 I.2.1. Carbon-carbon coupling 6
 I.2.2. C-C cross coupling reaction parameter의 최근 연구 경향과 Experimental Object 8
 I.2.2.1. Substrates 8
 I.2.2.2. catalytic system 8
 I.2.2.3. solvent 9
 I.2.2.4. Reaction conditions 11
 I.2.3. general feature of heck reaction. 12
 I.2.4 Mechanism of Heck reaction. 14
 I.2.5 β-ketoimine and β-diketimine ligand 18
 I.2.5.1 Microwave method 19
II. Experimental section 23
 II.1. Synthesis of Ligand. 23
 II.1.1. β-ketoimine Ligand. 23
 II.1.2 β-diketimine Ligand 29
 II.2. Metal Source 30
 II.3. Synthesis of Pd Complexes 31
 II.4. General Procedure For Heck Reaction 32
 II.5. Charactorization of samples 34
III. Results and Discussions 27
 III.1. Heck reaction. 27
IV. Conclusion 49
V. References 50


This paper presents a novel analytical methodology to model the four-phase 8/6 switched reluctance motor (SRM) for determination of the magnetic flux wave- forms within the different sections of the motor. For this, 2 -D finite-element analysis (FEA) of the motor is carried out to identify the flux tube plot within the motor at different rotor positions. Equations for calculation of in ductance and flux-linkage characteristics of the SRM stator winding are derived as function of the motor specifi- cations, rotor position and the stator current excitation. Voltage equation is then used to obtain the variation of the excitation current versus rot or positions. This obtained current waveform is then used to extend the flux tubes method e quations to dynam- ics mode. Consequently, a model of the 8/6 SRM can be formed via the non-linear dynamic equations to calculate the flux waveform within the s tator poles. The results obtained using the analytical method is verified by FEA and ac tual measurement of the motor. It is shown that this method is capable to predict accurately the flux shape in different portions of the 8/6 SRMs for a given excitation current shape.


In order to relieve the obvious contradiction of Henan province important mineral resources supply and demand and provide reference for making policies,the geological prospecting project of Henan province was carried out.It was discussed that the principle of prospecting project and the importance of making Scientific goal,enumerates manifold innovative modes of geological prospecting in this paper.The geological prospecting project will play a substantial role in the development of mineral industry in Henan.


Current research status on microstructure and elements distribution in welding seam,fusion zone and heat affected zone were reviewed in this paper.The microstructure leading to failure at the corresponding fusion zone was pointed out.It will provide researchers with thinking and ground to improve the control factors of excellent microstructure for dissimilar metal welding joint with excellent service life.


Three cases of pulmonary embolism following long air flight are described. There was no previous history of venous disease. The symptoms were transient in one and severe in two. The occurrence of pulmonary embolism immediately after air travel is emphasized.


One of the central problems in philosophy of artificial life (AL) is whether the artificial life entities we create can be genuine life. Proponents of strong AL believe that the artificial life entities exhibiting characteristics of natural life in a physical or a virtual environment can be real life. Opponents of strong artificial life, however, think that artificial life entities are not real life or just simulation of natural life. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate which view of strong artificial life is valid. The method is to use philosophical theory and logics to analyze the opponents' arguments. The conclusion is that the opponents' arguments for denying strong AL are insufficient to exclude the possibility of strong AL.


The first box is a statement of project objectives. This section will remain the same for each reporting period. By our definition, an objective is a "concise and quantifiable statement of what will result from the successful completion of a project in terms that relate to the goals of The Rice Foundation Research Program." Note: do not include information on the means or methods for accomplishing the objectives, these are strategies. If the objectives detailed in your original project proposal do not meet this criterion, please refine them.


Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) women will constitute the majority of AAPIs by 2040. However, the AAPI women of 2040 will more likely be low-income, South Asian or Southeast Asian, and second generation than the AAPI women of today (Ramakrishnan and Ahmad, 2014b). This article explores the implications that these shifts in the demographic identity of AAPI women will have on the future electoral process. We also explore strategies for building the power and influence of AAPI women in communities and at policy-making tables.


PURPOSE: To obtain the subject membrane being light, having good air passability, water permeability and shading and causing no environmental pollution by coating a sheet knitted with a plant fiber material with a biodegradable or a photodegradable plastic. CONSTITUTION: A sheet knitted with a plant fiber material such as paper, etc., is coated with a biodegradable or a photodegradable plastic to produce a weed controlling membrane 4. A young plant 3, etc., is planted, the membrane 4 is set at the base through a cut line 6 and a fixing device 5 is inserted into the soil to fix the membrane 4. The fixing device is made of the same material as that of the membrane 4. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


The effect of pedagogy on student interest is very important in contemporary educational research. Factor Analysis of Teachers' Teaching Methodswas carried and how these extracted factors affect students' interest in Mathematics was investigated. Data was collected from ten (10) senior high schools in Ashanti region of Ghana with one thousand two hundred and sixty-three (1263) students' randomly selected to participates in the study. The ten factors that influence teaching methods and strategies were reduced to three principal components, and these were further used for regression analysis as predictors of student Mathematics interest. The study concluded that, pedagogical factor oriented model can predict significantly (p-value<0.001) 12% of variance in students' interest in Mathematics. The third factor which is the use of traditional chalk and board however was found not to influence students' interest in Mathematics. The study further concludes that the teachers teaching methods can significantly predict student's interest.


The EU's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requires member states (MS) to achieve or maintain Good Environmental Status (GES) by 2020. Specifically, the wording of Descriptor 11 requires "underwater noise to be at levels that do not adversely affect the marine environment". The MSFD further requires monitoring of "trends in the ambient noise within the 1/3 octave bands 63 and 125 Hz (centre frequency)". In the current study, we focussed on producing indicator maps for the Dutch North Sea for underwater sound of various natural


MOS transistor configured by an analog switch and synchronized to a clock signal forming the threshold variation is suppressed, the common clock signal is in a continuous or discontinuous state. Object of the present invention is achieved by a circuit in synchronization with the clock in the MOS transistor threshold variations, reduced in synchronization with the clock signal changes.


The applications of smart fluids, with controllable rheological properties can be extended in the field of the medical engineering. In the paper, there are exemplified some possibilities of applications in prosthetics and orthotics, in order to realize some new types of prosthesis and orthosis [1]. Among the advantages of utilizing the smart fluid devices can be mentioned: an easy and accurate control; an improving of mobility, making the climbing up and down stairs and inclining much easier, an increasing of gait balance, stability and energy efficiency; a fraction of the cost of other motor-controlled, active damper systems.


Summary (1) The effect of salt concentration and pH during extraction of sheep pituitary tissue, and temperature and pH of fractionation of these extracts on the preparation of FSH were studied. The most highly purified FSH from the biological standpoint was obtained by extracting at pH 5 with saturated NaCl solution and fractionating at pH 2.5 and 30°C. (2) The FSH preparations made by extracting with 90% saturated and saturated NaCl at pH 5, 5.5 and 6 and fractionating at 30°C and pH 2.5 contained little LH. (3) These preparations were free of ACTH and TSH at the levels tested. (4) The FSH can be concentrated and purified by use of anion and cation exchange resins. (5) Preparations made from 80% saturated NaCl extracts and from extracts made at pH 8 and 9 with saturated NaCl contained significant amounts of LH.


A 79-year-old woman presented with an acute coronary syndrome. Coronary angiography revealed long and severe lesions in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and right coronary artery (RCA), both of them heavily calcified. The LAD lesion proved to be undilatable, and 'bailout' rotational atherectomy was required to allow successful drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. Two days later the RCA was electively treated with rotational atherectomy (1.25 mm burr) (Fig. 1a and b). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) disclosed circumferential calcified plates and areas with massive protruding calcification (Fig. 2a and b). Conventional balloons were laboriously advanced with the help of an extension guiding catheter, but showed a 'dog-bone' effect at 20 atm. Therefore, coronary lithoplasty (Shockwave Medical, Fremont, California, USA) was performed using a 3.5 mm balloon at 4 atm delivering a total of 80 pulses along the entire lesion length. Notably, at 6 atm a minor residual waist was still detected on this balloon. Angiography revealed good result with some areas of focal haziness (Fig. 1c) whereas OCT demonstrated multiple deep fractures in thick calcific sheets (Fig. 2c and d). Therefore, a 3.5 mm scoring balloon (AngioSculpt RX; Philips) fully dilated the vessel at 16 atm leaving no residual waist (Fig. 1d). OCT disclosed additional disruptions on the circumferential calcified plates (Fig. 2e and f). Then, a long (48 mm) DES could be easily deployed and post-dilated with a 3.5 mm non-compliant balloon at 24 atm with excellent angiographic and OCT results (Fig. 1e, and Fig. 2g and h).


to excavation in the early part of the twentieth century, which B. covers in Chapter 1. Thus B.'s fleshing out of the people and activities of the city relies on the site assemblages (p. 157), with their inherent gaps and limitations, again a by-product of the methodologies of the day. The lacunae in our knowledge based on the assemblages is significant, and tends towards a lack of representation of the commonplace: the common household ceramics that might otherwise give greater representation of the households (p. 166) – mundane items related to mundane, everyday tasks. B. does cover the temporal qualities and inconsistencies of the different forms of evidence, from the specifics of documents and types of calendar in use at Dura, to the broader temporal implications of the archaeological evidence (p. 159). Chapter 5 brings together the additional aspects of the site with the material culture held in the site archive to construct identities for the population at Dura. The approach is laudable, but the complexity and relative issues espoused are, I feel, difficult to gauge, not least due to the lack of stratigraphic evidence from many of the excavations (p. 210). B.'s construction of identities based on the material culture and depictions of scenes in wall paintings works brilliantly, with the salient example being the painting of Conon and his family from the Temple of Bel (p. 217) and associated objects found at the site. The final chapter elucidates the biography of the houses using the examples of blocks C7 and D5 to represent the social relationships enacted in dwelling spaces. This provides representation of the elite social class at Dura through Block D7 (p. 285). In spite of the gaps in our knowledge, as previously mentioned, the biographical representation of the houses works well, augmented by painstaking cross-referencing, and again stunning black-and-white images from the Yale archive. This volume represents an outstanding scholarly achievement, addressing its key aims with balance and attention to detail. The few shortcomings are very much due to the nature of the evidence, perhaps an occupational hazard when analysing excavation archives of the period, and more than compensated for by the outstanding reimagining of this frontier city. B. brings the work full circle with a poignant but unsentimental epilogue on the current civil war in Syria, recognising the relevance of Dura to Syria's history, and the toll placed on the site and Syria's cultural heritage in general. The result is a prescient and indispensable study indeed.


A transfer reaction and cluster-decay experiment, C( O, Mg α+ Ne)α, was performed at a beam energy of 96 MeV. Both recoil and decay α particles were detected in coincidence, allowing us to deduce the energy-momentum of a Ne fragment. A number of resonant states of Mg were reconstructed up to an excitation energy of approximately 30 MeV. Owing to the experimentally achieved excellent resolutions of the Q-value and excitation-energy spectra, the relative decay widths for each resonant state in Mg to various final states of Ne were extracted, along with the total decay width. The obtained results provide good testing ground for theoretical descriptions of multiple clustering configurations in Mg.


{!] King GD. Salzman FA. Keloid scars analysis of 89 patients. Surg Clin N Am 1970; 50: 595-598. [3] Maiakar A, EHis F, Paine CH. Keloid scars: a new method of treatment ciimbining surgery wilh interstitial radiotherapy. Clin Radiol 1976; 27: 179-183. [4] Van Der Brenk, HAS, Minty CCJ. Radiation in the management of kcloids and hypertrophic scars. Br J Surg 1960; 47: 595-605. [5] Supc SS, Supc SS et al. Treatment of keloids by SrY ;3-rays. Slrahlenthcrapic 1991; 167: 397-402. [6] Belisario J. The trcatmcnl of keloids. Ada Derm-venererol 1957; 37: 165-181. [7] Brown JR, Bromberg JH. Preliminary studies on the effect of time dose patterns in Ihe treatment of keliods. Radiology 1963; 80: 298-302. [8] Cosman B, Crikclair GF, Gawlin JC, Loiles R. The surgical treatmen! of kelnids. Ptast Reconstr Surg 1961; 27: 355-358. [9) Edsmyr F, Larsson l.G. Onyango J. Wanguru S, Wood M. Radiation therapy in the treatment of kcloids in Fiast Africa. Acta Radio! Ther Phhys Biol 1974; 13: 102-106. [10] Garb J. Stone MJ.: Keloids: Review of literature and a report of 800 cases. Am J Surg 1942; 58: 315-335. [11] Kitlowski EA. Treaiment of keloids and keloidal scars. Plast Reconstr Surg 1953; 12: 383-391. [12] Tcpmongkol P. Radiation therapy in trealmeni of keloids, J Med Ass Thai 1978; 61: 200-225.


A new electrochemical immunosensor for the determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was developed with a Graphene (Gr)-Prussian blue (PB)/gold nanoparticles (GNP) immobilization platform. HRP-anti-CEA was immobilized on the platform and with the immunoreactions, the formed immunocomplex inhibited partly the bioactive center of the immobilized HRP, and decreased the HRP toward the reduction of H2O2, which was the base of the detection of CEA. The Gr-PB/GNP can be used not only as the electrochemical redox mediator but also to enhance the sensitivity. Under optimal experimental conditions, the proposed immunosensor for CEA was observed with an ultra low limit of detection equal to 3 pg mL−1 (at 3σ), and the linear working range spanned from 0.01 to 1.0 and 1.0 to 60 ng mL−1. Moreover, the immunosensor was examined for use in the determination of CEA in real human serum specimens. The assayed results of serum samples with the sensor received an acceptable agreement with the reference values. Importantly, the methodology provides a promising ultra sensitive assay strategy for clinical applications.


Background: Measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a useful technique for detection of eosinophilic airway inflammation and assessment of efficiency of corticosteroid treatment in patents with respiratory disease. Generally studies agree that measurement of FeNO is a useful non-invasive biomarker in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), however, there are reports that do not confirm such a relationship between FeNO and COPD.
Aim of the study: The main objective of this study was to investigate FeNO levels in Polish patients with COPD compared to healthy controls. As a secondary objective, we assessed the influence of smoking on FeNO levels in healthy patients, and patients with COPD.
Material and methods: FeNO concentration was measured using an electrochemical analyzer in healthy non-smokers (n=21), healthy smokers (n=25), and former smokers with COPD (n=30) and smokers with COPD (n=38). General characteristics, hematological variables and serum biochemical parameters were also obtained and analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test.
Results: FeNO measurement revealed significantly reduced NO levels in healthy smokers compared to healthy non-smokers, former smokers with COPD and smokers with COPD (median [range]: 14 [6–17] vs. 21 [15–29], 25 [15–53], and 19 [11–32] ppb, respectively, p<0.001). Moreover, we found increased FeNO levels in ex-smokers with COPD compared with smokers with COPD (p<0.05). No associations between FeNO and other analyzed parameters were found.
Conclusions: Levels of FeNO, measured by with an electrochemical analyzer, were elevated among patients with COPD compared to healthy non-smoking controls. Moreover, our study confirms that smoking results in a reduction in FeNO concentration in both healthy patients and patients with COPD.


The long term durability of wood material in service is depended on the two factors; the conditions in service and the end, and natural durability characteristic. When compared to other plants wood reveals more resistance against biodeterioration caused by microorganisms. Natural resistance of wooden tissue is based on their cell wall. However, main reason of the natural resistance of certain woods is the toxical constituents present in heartwood.


This paper investigates the suitability of the hybrid multilevel converter for medium and high voltage application. The converter operation, modulation, and capacitor voltage balancing method are described in detail. The ability of the hybrid multilevel converter to operate with different modulation indices and load power factors is investigated. It has been established that the hybrid multilevel converter is capable of operating independent of load power factor. Operation with variable modulation index increases voltage stresses on the converter switches and does not alter the fundamental voltage magnitude as in all known voltage source converter topologies. The viability of the hybrid multilevel converter for medium and high voltage applications is confirmed by simulations.


Mining information from software products metrics and software process data is very hard[14]. Automatic collected data from the source code metrics extractors and from the software development process probes have different formats, it makes difficult to use both at the same time. In this paper, we present a data manipulation language called System Query Language (SyQL), which overcomes problems of other similar languages and allows the user to access data stored in a relational-temporal database. Developers and managers can look at effort data and code metrics by writing very concise SQL-like queries and by using linguistic variables that are unavailable in other existing similar query languages. SyQL helps the user to access temporal data of the software process, providing a set of temporal constructs. Examples of problems solved using SyQL queries and Lagrein (a tool for source code analysis) are provided, evidencing the advantage of he proposed approach. t


This paper illustrates how individual forecasts and forecasting techniques may be evaluated by the use of established decision theory. Given the probability distribution of the forecast error, we first find the optimal strategy for a decision process, i.e., how to make the most efficient use of a forecast. After expressing the expected profit of the optimal strategies in terms of the probability of a correct forecast, we illustrate how to find 1 the value of an imperfect forecast, and 2 the value of a forecasting technique. With this information, we can then determine when to use a forecast, the maximum amount to pay for both a forecast and a forecasting method, and the conditions under which it is worthwhile to attempt to improve the accuracy of a forecasting method.


Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), being a cold‐tolerant crop may not benefit as much from a warmer climate and a lengthening of the growing season due to climate change though its suitable production area could expand further north. The objectives of this study were to assess the impact of climate change on barley yields across Canada for both current production regions and potential northern crop expansion regions in the future. Three crop models (DNDC, DSSAT and STICS) and 18 climate scenarios (1981‐2100) were used to simulate the effect of climate change on potential (non‐water and non‐nitrogen limited) and rainfed (non‐nitrogen limited) spring barley yields for 32 locations across Canada. For the currently planted spring barley regions characterized by a humid summer in Eastern Canada (growing season precipitation > 500 mm), potential and rainfed yields were projected to slightly increase in future (<+0.2 t ha−1). In western regions where precipitation amount is lower (growing season precipitation <500 mm), changes in the potential yield varied slightly (‐0.1 to +0.2 t ha−1) while the rainfed yield was projected to increase (0.2 to 1.0 t ha−1) mainly due to a reduction in water stress under elevated CO2. Finally, in northern regions where future expansion may occur, projected yield increases were generally large (up to 2.8 t ha−1 for potential yield), but the risk of crop failure usually remained high. Our findings suggest that future climate change will present both opportunities and regionalized risks for spring barley producers with the potential to further expand barley production northward.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved


Increasingly, government-funded health services are shifting to market-driven approaches. A market, whereby entry and exist of service providers is relatively easy, aims to identify providers who will deliver health services most competitively. For organisations traditionally buffered from the competitive pressures of for-profit enterprises, such as non-profits, this means demonstrating the kinds of operational efficiencies associated with the business sector. We undertook a rapid realist review to provide decision-makers with theory-driven, contextually relevant strategies to suggest how particular providers could adapt to this change, in specific circumstances. This 'adaptive capacity', considered one of the essential organisational capacities for enabling non-profits to achieve their mission, requires non-profits to strategically change in anticipation of, and in response to, changed circumstances and in pursuit of enhanced results. Previous research on adaptive capacity indicates that change agents have a key role to play. There is limited understanding, however, to explain the wide diversity of strategies used by change agents, specifically institutional entrepreneurs, to build adaptive capacity, in what circumstances, why, and what outcomes were generated.

In Australia, the Queensland State Government has embarked on a raft of policy and financing reforms with the aim of improving service delivery and value for money. For policy makers and practitioners, these findings generate evidence-based research, mapping policy and its emerging, real-time impacts. Given our focus, we chose an adapted rapid realist review methodology, that is, by using theory to develop initial CMO configurations, as a way of producing information for decision-makers in a timely manner, whilst also maintaining the central elements of the realist methodology. In this way, our paper takes a novel approach to the rapid realist review by drawing on an initial theory of institutional entrepreneurship to understand the interplay between strategy, context and cognitive processes in decisions to build adaptive capacity. We test this theory through an iterative process, involving searches of papers and reports from databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, EMBASE, and web-based searches of policy documents, data extraction, and data synthesis. Throughout we worked closely with a multi-disciplinary expert reference group and with key decision-makers in non-profit organisations. The reference group was particularly valuable in helping us to identify key strategies to include in the review and important contextual information. In this paper, we discuss how we incorporated theory into our synthesis and the ways in which it enhanced our understanding of the interplay between context, mechanisms, and outcomes. The next step of this research is to 'test' our program theory using case studies to refine our theory based on feedback and reflective shared learning.


The techniques of air classification, and differential centrifugation in non-aqueous media, have been combined to isolate from flour (a) endosperm protein and (b) aleurone cell contents. The amino-acid composition of the isolated protein has been determined and compared with that of the total protein complex in the parent flour. The results show that in the isolated protein fraction the proportion of the glutenin/gliadin group of proteins is higher than in the parent flour. This was observed in the material obtained from both a strong and a weak flour. It is suggested that this partial segregation occurs in the air classification process. The protein fractions isolated from the weak and strong flours were closely similar in their overall amino-acid composition. The amino-acid composition of the protein contained in the isolated aleurone cell contents has also been determined. The composition is quite different from that of the main endosperm proteins and resembles, in this respect, some of the soluble protein fractions which have been previously isolated from flour. A notable feature of the composition is a relatively high content of arginine.


With the development of science and technology, the intelligence of society is getting higher and higher. The development of safe and reliable intelligent driving has become one of the important topics in today's era. As a high-tech complex integrating environmental awareness, planning decision-making, control execution and information interaction, driverless cars are increasingly becoming the needs of the times.[1] How to accurately extract effective information to provide safe and reliable control instructions for the next decision-making of vehicles in complex multi-source and heterogeneous environment is the technical basis of intelligent driving. In this paper, a certain amount of research has been done on lane change trajectory planning in different environments. In the aspect of static driving environment, a lane-changing trajectory planning method based on the fifth-order Bessel curve is planned. The physical problems are transformed into optimization problems of coordinate points of Bessel curve expression by planning the left and right boundaries of feasible region through lane-changing trajectory. [2]In the aspect of dynamic driving, based on the model predictive control theory, a lane-changing trajectory optimization method for multi-lane and multi-surrounding vehicles is proposed.


Ultrafast charge delocalization dynamics in excited states of internal donor–acceptor copolymer poly[2,7-(9,9-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-dibenzosilole)-alt-4,7-bis(thiophen-2-yl)benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole] (PSiF-DBT) was studied by resonant Auger spectroscopy (RAS) measured around silicon and sulfur K edges using the core-hole clock approach. The effect of the thermal annealing treatment at 100 and 200 °C on the charge transfer delocalization times and molecular orientation were probed. Exponential dependence of charge transfer times (τ CT) with photon energy was found at both absorption edges with a decreasing curve slope with the thermal treatment. Features characteristics of the Auger Resonant Raman effect were observed at sulfur KL2,3L2,3 Auger decay spectra. Edge-on and plane-on molecular orientations with respect to the substrate surface were measured for the thiophene and benzothiadiazole units, respectively, using angular-dependent NEXAFS spectra at the S K edge. Molecular orientation of silafluorene was also...


Turkish Dramas are now the most popular segment of entertaiment media as in a very short time these dramas attracted huge viewership and even broke the highest rating records in Pakistan.This study examines socio-ethical impact of Turkish Dramas on the educated females of Gujranwala as Turkish dramas rapidly penetrated in Pakistani drama industry after super success of Ishq-E-Mamnu in Pakistan. Now almost every entertainment channel is airing turkish dramas despite of bold and controvesial content which is not compatible with pakistani society's norms and culture. This study based on survery research the target population is the females of Gujranwala city while 100 sample sizes are taken randomly from five different areas of the city taking 20 respondents from each area to investigate the study. The study shows the Turkish Dramas are the popular source of entertainment and women usually considred watching these dramas as good passtime yet there is a considerable resistance againt the socio-ethical values presented through theses dramas which is the result of our strong cultural and ethical values along the our strong marriage and family institutes which provides considerable resistance against such cultural invasions. Alongwith this in our country we treat marriage and marital affairs in connection with our religious teaching and not just as a social contract. Hence the analysis of our research shows that despite of penetration of Turkish Dramas and potential threat yet there is a resistance against such odds that harm or reshape our socio-ethical values.


Over the last twenty years there have been significant improvements in global child health and mortality. These advances have been due to improvements in diseases like diarrhoea, pneumonia, malaria, and measles but are also attributable to a broader global health agenda and increased global aid and expenditure on health, with reductions in poverty and enhanced community-oriented and primary healthcare services.
 This chapter provides an overview of global child health and looks at indicators of child health, the causes and distribution of child deaths and morbidity and disability, as well as the importance of the social determinants of health and future priorities.
 Addressing current and future threats to child health will require national and international level programme approaches to dealing with key threats such as prematurity, pneumonia, and injuries, as well as health system strengthening, strategies for improving the social determinants of health and investments in supporting research and data systems.


To the Editor:

Retinoic acid (RA) is used in the treatment of leukemias; however, the phenomenon of RA resistance is often the cause of relapse in some patients. In a recent report, Fanelli et al[1][1] showed, using an acute promyelocytic leukemia–derived cell line NB4, that the treatment of RA-


According to a chormatic polynomial's formula, we get several combinatorial identities and a sufficient condition which judges that a polynomieal be not chormatic polynomial.


SEIS-UK provided a loan of 23 broadband seismic systems (11 40TD and 12 6TD) for deployment in Haiti, from April 2013 until June 2014. The University Paris VI provided an additional 4 Reftek40T broadband seismic stations deployed for the same period of time. These systems recorded continuously at 100 samples per second, with relatively minor data losses due to equipment problems. The dataset collected has been archived via SEIS-UK with IRIS (Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology). Records of teleseisms have been processed and receiver functions have been computed to reveal the structure of the crust as part of a PhD study in Paris VI University by Jordane Corbeau. Further processing for surface wave tomography using fast anisotropy directions obtained from SKS wave arrivals to reveal the signature of lithospheric deformation will be performed during a NERC oil and gas cdt funded PhD at the University of Southampton. Local earthquakes were also recorded during the TRANS-HAITI project and the location of the microseismicity is still in progress. In addition, SEIS-UK provided a loan of 10 geophones in November 2013 for a short active source experiment. Background Following the destructive 2010 Mw 7.0 Haiti earthquake, an international effort was initiated to investigate the corresponding active fault system and to better understand the crustal and upper mantle structure beneath Haiti. The Caribbean plate is currently moving eastward relative to North America and the plate motion is accommodated along a complex, 200 km-wide deformed zone, the Northern Caribbean plate Boundary. The Northern Caribbean plate Boundary is a seismogenic zone extending over 3000 km along the northern edge of the Caribbean Sea and a deforming region that includes two large strike-slip fault systems, the Septentrional-Oriente fault zone (SOFZ) in the north and the Enriquillo-Plantain-Garden fault zone (EPGFZ) in the south (Mann et al., 1995; Fig. 1). Despite the importance of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, we know relatively little about the structure and large-scale geodynamics of this transpressional fault zone. The goals of the TRANS-HAITI project are to use both local earthquake and teleseismic techniques to image the variation in fault architecture and lithospheric structure across the plate boundary in Haiti. Survey procedure The 23 seismometers loaned from SEIS-UK and the 4 French stations were deployed for a year in Haiti from April 2013 until June 2014. 19 stations were deployed along a roughly north-south profile in Haiti (in red in Fig. 2), with the objective of investigating the structure of the crust and the lithosphere. 7 stations were deployed outside this profile (in blue in Fig. 2) to complement the station distribution in order to record the seismicity with magnitude of approximately 3 and above.


In Dutch history the years between 1945 and 1965 are regarded as the period of post-war recovery and reconstruction (wederopbouw). One of the main issues of this period was the urgent need to house the rapidly rising Dutch population. High-rise dwellings were seen as one of the answers and, according to many, desirable. However, after the war, and even into the early 1960s, the construction of high-rise apartment towers was considered suitable for only a small, relatively well-to-do, part of the Dutch population. It was thought that most people would not be interested in living in tall buildings unless there was an element of luxury in both the buildings and the apartments themselves. Most architects and city planners labelled high-rise as unfit for the working class and for families with children. Consequently, most high-rise construction in the 1950s and early 1960s was aimed at a small group of 'modern' people, well-educated and perhaps slightly bohemian. Seven of these buildings are studied in this article. They vary in size, height and architectural appearance, but still form a distinct architectural type. As the article points out, these buildings were, and are to this day, very successful. Their success is analysed through a close reading of the buildings themselves and of their location in the urban context. The success of the luxury apartment building is attributed to the following conditions. The buildings were built for a small group of independently-minded people, keen to live a modern and comfortable life. They were even prepared to pay far more for their apartment than most terraced houses would have cost. Secondly, the developers invested in a wide variety of luxury features such as central heating, elevators, roof terraces, a housekeeper, 'American' kitchens, lock-up garages and the like. Thirdly, renowned architects were hired to design these luxury buildings. Since it did not concern social housing, the building budgets were rather generous. The architects could therefore design rather stylish buildings with well thought-out floor plans and airy and spacious rooms. Costly and decorative materials were used lavishly. As these buildings were unique, architects could meet the requirements of the building plot as well as of the intended inhabitants. Furthermore, the buildings were invariably built on highly desirable sites. They either overlook a city park, a large pond or a canal, or are in an already established residential area, but always within easy reach of urban amenities.
Unlike a considerable part of the social high-rise buildings in Dutch cities built from the early 1960s onwards, many of the luxury apartment buildings are still considered highly desirable places to live, even sixty years after their construction.


This research focuses the phytochemical study of aqueous extracts (cold and hot) and ethanolic extract (70%) of Ocimum Sanctum L. that are collected from local markets in Iraq. The investigation of phytochemical constituents involved the qualitative and quantitative studies. The results for qualitative analysis explained that the aqueous hot extract and ethanolic extract contains more amounts of active components such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides and amino acids or primary and secondary amines rather than cold extract, also the quantitative analysis illustrated that the aqueous hot and ethanolic extracts contains more amounts of flavonoids, saponins, tannins and alkaloids because the aqueous hot and ethanolic extracts still have high yield from all active components and this results may be due to the role of heating in the hot extract and the type of solvent in the ethanolic extract of these active components that cannot be extracted by cold water. Biological activity was also analyzed for the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Ocimum Sanctum L. by using four different bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aures, Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella)and using agar diffusion method. The results showed that ethanolic extract has the biggest zone of inhibition for Staphylococcus aures, Streptococcus pyogenes and Klebsiella while the aqueous cold and hot extracts given less results of inhibition zone.


This year is the bicentenary of the publication in 1758 of a pioneer work in the mathematical philosophy of nature: Boscovich's Theoria philosophies naturalis. Though Boscovich has been regarded by the Slavs as one of their greatest scientific minds, worthy to rank beside Copernicus, Lobachewski, and Mendeléeff, no adequate biography or general survey of his work is available in any western language. Only in Yugoslavia has a serious attempt been made to preserve his memory and to evaluate his achievements (I). This is regrettable since Boscovich made valuable contributions to many fields of exact science and his atomic theory not only exerted a fertile influence on the development of mathematical physics, but displays features which are of particular interest in relation to the present state of particle theory.


ABSTRACT Diphenylamine (DPA) content as the indicator for evaluating single-based propellant storage stability, of which decreasing rate varies with the temperature and the humidity of condition. To determine the effect of humidity, based on the hygrothermal aging test of propellants (14/19H and 16/1G), a novel data processing approach through error analysis was proposed, and then the kinetic equation describing accurately the DPA decomposition under the temperature and humidity condition was established, and proved reliable. According to the discussion on the results of the kinetic description and various empirical formulae, a practical and credible method is provided to predict the propellant shelf-life in hygrothermal condition.


This research reports the experiences of both adopters and non-adopters of transportation management system (TMS) technology. TMS adopters represent a diverse array of companies, with a surprisingly high percentage of adopters using outsourced services for decision support activities. Motives for adoption tend to align with the firm's strategic needs though functionality focuses on the shipper's dayto-day operational needs. While expectations of system performance and return on investment vary greatly, TMS users illustrate a generally high level of satisfaction. Non-adopters view decision support for transportation activities as a low priority. The article explores future prospects for TMS development and adoption.


Maurie and Ruth Crow came to live in North Melbourne in 1964. There was a very weak North Melbourne Progress Association and a quite well functioning Kensington/ Flemington Progress Association. The residents in the newly constructed O-Y-0 flats met each month and thus knew each other fairly well. Some of these people began to meet to discuss wider town planning matters. The initiation of these study groups was assisted by Rev Barry Martin (St Mary's Church of England) and attended by about 20 people some of whom were members of various churches but some without church connections. In 1966 (or thereabouts) two members of this group, Anthea and David Eyres circulated a questionnaire amongst the residents in the O-Y-0 flats which included a question on how could the new residents contribute to the community. Shortly after this a public meeting was called to form the "North Melbourne Community Development Association."


We randomly selected 10 plant intake water samples in order to evaluate the quality of ground water in Lanzhou city.According to GB / T 5750.5-2006 and GB / T 14848-93,the content of sulfate, chloride,nitrate nitrogen,ammonia and nitrite levels were detected and analyzed.These water samples were tested once a month in 2009.The results show that the five non-metallic minerals concentration are all less than national criterion.It proves that the quality of Lanzhou ground water is safety.


AIM: To explore the expression of four kinds of drug resistance related protein: P-glycoprotein((P-gp)),glutathione-S-transferases-π(GST-π),lung resistance protein(LRP),multidrug resistance related protein(MRP) in osteosarcoma cell lines Saos2 and U2OS,and in osteosarcoma and soft tissue sarcoma tissues from 34 patients and their correlations with chemotherapy resistance.METHODS: The expression of protein was detected by flow cytometry(FCM).Chemotherapy resistance was analyzed by MTT assay.RESULTS: Expression of drug resistance related protein was lower in Saos2 cell line than that in U2OS cells.Chemotherapy sensitivity on adriamycin(ADM),cisplatinum(DDP),fluorouracilum(5-Fu),mitomycin(MMC),dacarbazine(DTIC),vincristine(VCR) was higher in Saos2 than those in U2OS cells.After the two cell lines were treated respectively with 1/5 50% inhibitory concentration(IC_(50)) doses of ADM and DDP,the expression increasing range of GST-π was 33%-43%.The nonsensitive rate on ADM,DDP,5-Fu,MMC,DTIC,VCR,methotrexate(MTX) in 34 patients were 41.18%,17.65%,47.06%,50.00%,76.47%,61.76% and 52.94%,respectively.The expression of P-gp,GST-π,LRP,MRP were 1.54,2.58,1.91 and 1.86,respectively.The correlation analysis showed that the expression of P-gp had positive correlation with resistance on ADM(r=0.485, P0.01),the expression of GST-π had correlations with resistance on ADM,DDP,5-Fu and MMC.The r value was 0.402,0.458,0.364 and 0.500,respectively.The corresponding value of P was 0.05,0.01,0.05 and 0.01,respectively.The observed expression of resistance related proteins was not significant difference between different gender,different age,different pathological type and different tumor size in osteosarcoma and soft tissue sarcoma patients (P0.05).The expression of GST-π was increased dramatically in patients receiving chemotherapy preoperatively.The preoperative level of GST-π was higher in recurrent patients by follow-up survey than that in patients without recurrence(P0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Individual difference was obvious in chemotherapy sensitivity and expression of resistance related proteins in different patients.Chemotherapy induced the upregulation of GST-π expression.Primary high expression of GST-π was the main mechanism of resistance in osteosarcoma and soft tissue sarcoma patients,and related with prognosis.


The authors report two investigation methods into the spectral shaping of an optical broadband source (BBS) to be used in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). The BBS spectrum extends from 450 nm to 1750 nm and is selectively used in multiple spectral wavebands. Spectral shaping is performed with: (i) an optical filter unit (a combination of dichroic and bandpass filters at different incident angles) and (ii) a double-pass prism sequence (a cube beam splitter, two equilateral prisms and a metallic mirror) which allow the freedom to select the characteristics of the spectrum (central wavelength, spectral bandwidth). BBS can allow imaging with a depth resolution of 2 I¼m or better. Such a high depth resolution makes BBS suitable for OCT imaging in embryology, cells culture and eye imaging, investigations which will complement the more traditional fluorescence labelling and confocal imaging.


Objective: Background: Based on data of the SPRINT trial, American national guidelines recently reduced the blood pressure goal from 140/90 mm Hg to 130/80 mm Hg for subjects with increased cardiovascular risk, e. g. those with chronic kidney disease. To date it remains elusive whether renal transplant recipients benefit from these goals as well. Design and method: Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 877 patients who underwent kidney transplantation between 1997 and 2011 in three transplant centers in Germany (Berlin and Bochum) with a follow-up of 12 - 120 months. Blood pressure was obtained at regular follow-up examinations in the transplant outpatient clinic. Patient and graft survival was defined as composite endpoint. Subjects were stratified according to mean systolic blood pressure values < 130 mmHg, 130–139 mmHg, or > 140 mmHg. Results: Results: Mean SBP of the overall follow-up period was significantly associated with patient and graft survival. Cumulative survival was significantly higher for those patients with a systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 130 mmHg than those with 130–140 mmHg. Survival was lowest in renal transplant recipients with a mean SBP > 140 mmHg. Analogously, mean SBP of the first 12 months posttransplant < 130 mmHg was associated with better cumulative patient and graft survival than higher blood pressure values in Kaplan Maier analyses. Conclusions: Conclusion: Renal transplant recipients who achieve a mean systolic blood pressure < 130 mmHg have a significantly lower mortality and a better allograft outcome than with the conservative blood pressure goal < 140 mmHg. The new blood pressure targets should be considered suitable for renal transplant recipients as well.


Statement of problem: Comprehensive diagnosis is regarded as an important base for orthodontic treatment. An effective way to reach a correct diagnosis is to compare the craniofacial skeleton of patients with normal cases in the same race through lateral cephalograms. Purpose: The present study was designed to determine the cephalometric standards of senior high school students in the city of Hamadan and compare with results of other studies. Material & Methods: According to the normal occlusion definition, 25 girls and 27 boys aged 17-20 years were selected. They did not have any facial malformation and history of orthodontic treatment. Lateral cephalograms were obtained in Natural Head Position. Twenty two cephalometric variables were measured three times. Student t -test used in order to analyze the results. Results: The length of anterior cranial base of girls and boys (72.5 +3.7 , 76.8+3.7) were significantly less than Michigan standards for girls and boys (76.9+3.9,83.3+3.8) (p<0.005). There was a significant tendency to more straight profile and forward rotation of mandible (88.3+4.6, 89.6+2.7) in this study vs. Cook's (80.8+3.1, 82.1+2.2) (p<0.005). Linear measurements of boys were generally greater than of girls. Conclusion: It is important to consider ethnic and racial variations and sex differences in preparing problem list and treatment planning.


During the past decades, Indian mutual fund industry has reached new heights and witnessed major revolution in terms of number of players and total assets under management. With the plethora of schemes available in the Indian market, an investor before making any investment decision, consider the past performance of these mutual fund schemes. Thus, this paper analyses and presents the empirical evidence with regard to the performance persistence of mutual fund schemes and examines whether their past performance provides useful information for predicting the future performance. For this purpose, a sample of 44 mutual funds schemes has been analysed for a period of eight years from April' 2005 to March' 2013. For the analysis, various parametric and non-parametric techniques as Brown and Goetzmann's Odds Ratio (OR), Kahn and Rudd's χ 2 -test and regression analysis have been used. Results confirm the presence of performance persistence in mutual funds. Keywords: Mutual funds, Performance Persistence, Non Parametric Techniques, Parametric Techniques.


Recently ontology research has received much attention in geo-information science and the concept of ontology is very important for spatial information concept modeling and data sharing, classification of geographical classes. More importantly, it enriches the semantic theory of spatial information. Geo-information services and geo-information interpretation and extraction are the two main applications of geo-ontology. Ontologies have great application potential for geo-information service.


Among pentacyclic triterpenes commonly found in plants, γ-amyrin and isoursenol are seldom reported and considered rare in nature. It was hypothesized that these triterpenes are instead routinely overlooked due to inadequate spectral characterization. γ-Amyrin was prepared by HCOOH isomerization of α-amyrin, and isoursenol was isolated from products of a heterologously expressed oxidosqualene cyclase. With precise NMR and GC-MS data, a metabolomics strategy was used to identify isoursenol and γ-amyrin in a wide range of plants.


A novel and effective potentiometric sensor for the rapid determination of Cd 2 + based on carbon paste electrode consisting of the room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, silica nanoparticles and ionophore was constructed. The prepared composite has a low potential drift, high selectivity and fast response time, which leads to a more stable potential signal. A linear dynamic range of 4.50 � 10 � 9 –1.00 � 10 � 1


This paper elaborates on "Taxpayers' rights and guarantees in Community and international taxation", a research project (DER2008-03473) financed by the Science and Innovation Ministry, the main researcher in respect of which is Dr. Martinez Giner.


A simple, straightforward, and highly efficient multicomponent one-pot synthesis of a pharmaceutically interesting diverse kind of functionalized 2-amino-3-cyano-4H-pyrans and pyran-annulated heterocycles has been developed based on a low-cost and environmentally benign commercially available urea as a novel organo-catalyst. The reaction occurs via tandem Knoevenagel–cyclocondensation of aldehydes, malononitrile, and C–H-activated acidic compounds in aqueous ethanol at room temperature. Following this protocol, it was possible to synthesize 2-amino-3-cyano-pyrano[3,2-c]chromen-5(4H)-ones (4aa–4al), 2-amino-3-cyano-pyrano[4,3-b]pyran-5(4H)-ones (4ba–4be), 2-amino-3-cyano-7,8-dihydro-4H-chromen-5(6H)-one (4ca–4cr), 1H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(3H,5H)-diones (4da–4dd), 2-amino-3-cyano-5,10-dioxo-5,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[g]chromenes (4ea–4ec), 2-amino-3-cyano-4H-pyrans (4fa–4fh), and 1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles (4ga–4gb). The salient features of the present protocol are mild reaction conditions, excellen...


The band alignment of hafnium oxide films grown on Ge (100) by atomic layer deposition has been investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and internal photoemission (IPE) spectroscopy. HfO2 films have been grown using HfCl4 as hafnium precursor while O3 or H2O have been used as oxygen precursors. The valence-band offset (VBO) values, determined by XPS, are 3.0±0.1 eV and 3.1±0.1 eV for the samples grown using O3 and H2O, respectively. A conduction-band offset (CBO) value of 2.0±0.1 eV has been obtained by IPE for all the samples. Considering a band gap of 5.6±0.1 eV, as obtained by photoconductivity measurements, XPS and IPE results have been found to be in excellent agreement. The CBO and VBO values are the same in all the samples within the experimental error. The presence of a thick GeOx interfacial layer in the samples grown using O3 is not affecting the band alignment of the HfO2∕Ge heterojunction.


Objective To explore the spatial distribution characteristics of measles in Xiaoshan and provide scientific evidence for the control of measles.Methods The data of measles was analyzed by spatial autocorrelation,using ArcView 3.3 software,map of local standardized Getis-Ord G,the Moran scatter plot was created by Map Info 8.5 software.Results Global Moran,s I and Getis-Ord G were 0.4722 and 0.3479 respectively,both of which were highly statistical significant(P0.01).High-value regions were clustered in the intermediate parts of Xiaoshan,with low-value regions in the eastern part.In Moran scatter plot,low-low and high-high spatial clusters were the main types.Conclusion In Xiaoshan,the distribution of measles was nonrandom and geographically clustered.


This study aimed to verify the potentialities and p erceived needs in sport coaches training. Participated 213 coaches of collective and individu al modalities of the state of Santa Catarina. For d ata collection was applied the Self Perception Competen cy Scale (EAPC), adapted from Simao (1998). Statistical analysis was performed using the statis tical package SPSS 11.0. The results revealed the potential knowledge of the theory and methodology of sports training, the skills of sport planning and management, and sport communication and integration. As needs, there were highlighted the biodynamic knowledge of sport, assessment and self-reflection skills. These results justify the implementation of actions for coach training.


Abstract The aims of Prakerin were: (1) in order that SMK students cool learn directly from world of venture/industry, by meant that they can feel the truly work world was; (2) to increase work ability; and (3) to enhance their experiences, to practice their attitude and discipline, so that after graduate, they have readiness to work approriatly with the criteria that needed for the job. It was switable with the purpose of SMK is to work immediately after graduate. The research was conducted for: (1) to know the correlation between academic achievement and Prakerin performance; (2) to know the correlation between work motivation and prakerin performance; (3) to know the correlation between work ethic and performance Prakerin; and (4) to know the correlation between academic achievement, work motivation and work ethic jointly with Prakerin performance of SMK students in Samarinda. The type of this research was Expost Facto. The population were all of the second grade of SMK majoring in automotive mechanics in Samarinda, with the samples were the second grade of SMKN 10 and SMKM 4 students in Samarinda. The data were collected by using performance assessment for Prakerin performance variable (Y), the valve of report book for academic achievement variable (X1), guestionnaire for work motivation variable (X2) and work ethic variable (X3). The data were analyzed by using statistic test of Product Moment and Double Regression. The conclutions of the research were: (1) a significant positive correlation between academic achievement and Prakerin performance; (2) a significant positive correlation between work motivation and Prakerin Performance; (3) a significant positive correlation between work ethic and Prakerin performance; and (4) a significant positive correlation between academic achievement, work motivation and work ethic jointly with Prakerin performance. The research recommended were: (1) education office of Samarinda city support that Prakerin activity of SMK; (2) part of SMK, teachers and venture/industry word as partnersip of vocational education more increase their guidance to the students, so it can be produce local human resource competitively in automotive; and (3) to other researcher, this result could be used as a reference to do the same lund of the lund of the research with another variable, that can influence the performance in Samarinda. Keywords: Performance Industry, Human Reseurce, Achievement, Motivation and Work Ethic


The phenolic compounds, flavonoids in particular, are very frequent in the plant kingdom with many beneficial properties. Some of these compounds are present in exudates or buds of plants. They appear in propolis as a consequence of the collection and transformation by specialized honey bees in the hive. The aim of the study is the determination 1 of phenolic compounds by UPLC-MS/MS and UPLC-PDA in methanolic extracts 2 of 134 samples of propolis from Castilla y Leon (North and Centre of Spain). Such samples were gathered using high density polyethylene mesh for food use which placed in Langstroth beehive from April 2011 to August 2012. The results obtained reveal the interesting source of bioactive compounds of the North and Centre of Spain propolis, being the most significant caffeic acid and its derivatives (CAPE and isoprenyl caffeate), chrysin, pinobanksin, p-coumaric acid, galangin and kaempferol; other compounds identified only in some samples were benzoic acid, trans-ferulic acid, taxifolin, luteolin, sakuranetin, apigenin+genistein and eriodictyol. Furthermore, the content of CAPE and isoprenyl caffeate may restrict its use, for the food and pharmaceutical industry, since they are considered allergens 3 .


Freshly matured seeds exhibit primary dormancy, which prevents germination until environmental conditions are favorable. The establishment of dormancy occurs during seed development and involves both genetic and environmental factors that impact on the ratio of two antagonistic phytohormones: abscisic acid (ABA), which promotes dormancy, and gibberellic acid, which promotes germination. Although our understanding of dormancy breakage in mature seeds is well advanced, relatively little is known about the mechanisms involved in establishing dormancy during seed maturation. We previously showed that the SPATULA (SPT) transcription factor plays a key role in regulating seed germination. Here we investigate its role during seed development and find that, surprisingly, it has opposite roles in setting dormancy in Landsberg erecta and Columbia Arabidopsis ecotypes. We also find that SPT regulates expression of five transcription factor encoding genes: ABA-INSENSITIVE4 (ABI4) and ABI5, which mediate ABA signaling; REPRESSOR-OF-GA (RGA) and RGA-LIKE3 involved in gibberellic acid signaling; and MOTHER-OF-FT-AND-TFL1 (MFT) that we show here promotes Arabidopsis seed dormancy. Although ABI4, RGA, and MFT are repressed by SPT, ABI5 and RGL3 are induced. Furthermore, we show that RGA, MFT, and ABI5 are direct targets of SPT in vivo. We present a model in which SPT drives two antagonistic "dormancy-repressing" and "dormancy-promoting" routes that operate simultaneously in freshly matured seeds. Each of these routes has different impacts and this in turn explains the opposite effect of SPT on seed dormancy of the two ecotypes analyzed here.


Pomfrets contribute to about 2% in all India fish catch. They
are abundant along the coasts of Maharashtra, Gujarat and Orissa.
Pampus argenteus forms 65.9%, Formio niger 33.2% and Pampus
chinensis 0.9% of the catch. They feed on planktonic organisms
like salps, medusae and ctenophores. Both P. argenteus and F. niger
have prolonged spawning with two peaks. The breeding ground of
P. argenteus is the depth realm 55-90 m offCambay and Sand head;
while the inshore areas of Bombay, Cambay and Sand head appear
to be the nursery grounds. They are pelagic and are caught
mainly in driftnet, trawl net and dolnet. The estimated MSYfor P.
argenteus for Indian waters is 38,194 t while for F. niger is 20,446t.
The fishery of P. argenteus has collapsed in Maharashtra due to
growth and recruitment overfishing.


Nanoparticles of TiO 2 and SiO 2 were used to enhance the property of a kind of siloxane,which was often used for the preservation of stoneware of historical relic.The dispersion of nanoparticles was verified to be a key factor.The consolidation of the siloxane with nanoparticle, on stonewares was also evaluated.All these main properties of the nanocomposite were improved in comparison with nanoparticles free siloxane,so adding nanoparticles of TiO 2 and SiO 2 into siloxane was an effective means to protect stoneware of historical relic.


The scrimber is a patent that newly arisen and artificial material grow, obtaining Australia, Japan, Germany, England, France and the United States country already and successively, It's opened the exhibition the extensive research in China too, but so far reorganize the wood to haven't realized in the our country the real industrialization on the meaning produce. In this paper, the author discussed the scrimber's industrialization foreground in China.


Patch-based models that combine local image features or regions into loose geometric assemblies are a powerful paradigm for visual object tracking, and they present favorable properties such as robustness to partial occlusion, deformation, and the ability to address viewpoint changes. However, effectively exploiting the spatial-temporal confidence scores of each patch to construct a robust tracker while ensuring a low computational cost with dense discrete search remains a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a unified Markov random field (MRF) model that can effectively capture spatio-temporal intrapatch relations and occlusion priors to enhance the tracking performance, and we derive a highly efficient dense belief propagation for inference of the proposed MRF model. We propose a tracker that models the tracking object with a constellation topology (i.e., a global object and several local patches), where the graph structure model describes the pairwise spatial structure and the image observation model corresponding to the correlation filter with occlusion handling measuring the appearance similarity. Furthermore, these two models are updated online by exploiting the flexibility of local patches. Extensive experimental results on single- and multiple-object tracking show that the proposed algorithm performs favorably against state-of-the-art methods and runs in real time.


A new species of hylid frog is described from lower montane rainforest (1070 m elevation) in the headwaters of the Wapoga River, Irian Jaya. The new species shows affinities to some members of the Litoria nigropunctata species-group but can be distinguished from all described species in that group by a combination of dark brown colouration on the hidden surfaces of the thighs, groin and axilla, and dorsal colouration which consists (in life) of small yellow spots on a uniform green background. The advertisement call is a short, distinctly pulsed note lasting about 0.2 second, with a dominant frequency of about 2.5 kHz.


An electron diffraction study of nucleation and growth of the hcp phase in large pure Ar and mixed Ar-Kr clusters formed by supersonic jet expansion is carried out. The threshold cluster size corresponding to the appearance of an hcp phase in addition to the fcc structure is determined. It is found that the relative volume of the hcp phase in clusters increases with their size. In very large aggregations, the percentage of hcp phase reaches its maximum and does not change with further cluster growth. The hcp phase relative volume in mixed clusters is almost double that in pure Ar clusters of the same size. A correlation between the hcp phase relative volume and the number of defective planes contained in the fcc matrix, which are the nuclei of the hcp phase, is established. A mechanism of nucleation and growth of the hcp phase in rare gas clusters is proposed.


In order to investigate of shock wave attenuation in the retainer of separation system,an engineering formula that describes the law of peak pressure attenuation was established by theoretical analysis and empirical formula.The attenuation coefficients of aluminum alloy and steel alloy were obtained with the simulated attenuation law.The formula reflects the shock wave attenuation of peak pressure in the retainer.


Activated carbon was evaluated under O2/CO2 conditions to explore the effects of SO2 on the mercury adsorption. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model and intraparticle diffusion kinetic model were used to analyze the kinetic mechanism of the mercury adsorption process. The experimental results revealed that SO2 promoted the mercury breakthrough rate in similar O2/CO2 conditions compared with that without SO2. The inner relationship between SO2 concentration and external mass transfer rate was investigated. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model described the process of mercury adsorption by activated carbon better compared with the intraparticle diffusion kinetic model. The external mass transfer rate was the main rate-control step in this experimental condition. All those findings are very important for mercury control by sorbents under oxy-fuel combustion.


Objective To research the therapeutic effect of Shenling Fuzheng Capsule[right-supporting capsule of Dangshen(Radix Codonopsis)and Lingzhi(Ganoderma)]combined with highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)on 60cases of human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS).Methods Sixty cases of HIV/ AIDS were randomized to the treatment group and control group,with 30in each.The treatment group was given Shenling Fuzheng Capsule and HAART.The control group was given HAART.The treatment lasted for 6months.The therapeutic effect,common adverse reactions,quality of life(QOL)and renal function were observed in both groups.Results There were 30and 29effective cases in the treatment group and control group respectively,with no significant difference between groups(P0.05).The scores of physiology,emotion,independence,overall health status and QOL were significantly improved in the treatment group after treatment(P0.05).The scores of independence,overall health status and QOL were significantly improved in the control group after treatment(P0.05).The scores of physiology,emotion,overall health status and QOL in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P0.05).After treatment,patients in the treatment group experienced nausea(or vomiting),fatigue,dizziness,diarrhea,abdominal distension,abnormal liver function or bone marrow suppression.The patients in the control group experienced nausea(or vomiting),fatigue,dizziness,rash,abnormal liver function or bone marrow suppression.There were significant differences between groups in nausea(or vomiting) and fatigue(P0.05),but with no significant difference between groups in other symptoms(P0.05).Conclusion Shenling Fuzheng Capsule combined with HAART can improve QOL and reduce the incidence of nausea(or vomiting)and fatigue in HIV/AIDS patients.


The paper designs the definite method about quantity of sample investigation in wholesale, retail sale and catering trade under designated size and discusses the sampling area and organization in this aspect.


Aiming at the problem that the prediction effect of traditional grey model is not good enough,the paper proposed a prediction method of satellite clock bias based on stimulated annealing grey model,which uses stimulated annealing algorithm instead of least square method to search the parameters,in order to optimize the parameter estimation of the grey model.Experimental result showed that compare with traditional grey model,the proposed model could not only improve the short-term prediction precision of the clock bias,but also make long-term prediction precision have certain improvement.


. The study assessed Stigmatization and coping Strategies of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Taraba State, Nigeria. Two objectives, two research questions and one hypothesis guided the study. Descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used for the study. The population for the study comprised all people living with HIV/AIDS in Taraba State. A sample of 749 people living with HIV/AIDS was selected using proportionate sampling technique. The instrument used for data collection was a 30 item self-developed questionnaire. Analysis of data was done using frequency count, percentages, and inferential statistics of chi-square was used to test hypothesis. Results showed that People Living with HIV/AIDS experienced different levels of Perceived 42 (5.6%) internalized 452 (60.3%) and enacted stigma 255 (34.0%). Majority of PLWHA were Coping well 426(56.9%), 317(42.3%) were coping very well and lastly 6(0.8%) are coping with difficulty. Significant relationship exists between stigmatization and coping with HIV/AIDS  2 (111.079) df (4) p<0.05). The study recommended that PLWHA and their relations require education on the consequences of stigmatization and means of coping with the disease. There is need for provision of HIV/AIDS counseling and testing with other HIV/AIDS services in all health facilities in Taraba State.


Evangelistic work among the Muslims has never been easy. The Gospel of the Lord has been hindered from reaching the Muslim devout by a number of factors found by expected Christian Ministers along with their mission. As a result, missionary work has realised little impact among Muslims. Specifically, less has been achieved by the Christians among the Eastleigh Muslim community. This is attributed to lack of preparedness among the Christians. This paper, therefore, endeavoured to interrogate the extent to which African Inland Church Christians in Nairobi Central Region are prepared to evangelize to Muslims in Eastleigh, Nairobi with an aim to recommend best practices in winning Muslim souls to Christ. A sample of 12 informants was drawn and interviewed. Ethnographic interviews elicited important data that was used to generate themes and sub-themes for analysis after which conclusions were made. It was found that many Christians know very little about other religions particularly Islam. Thus, it was not easy to convince the Muslims as their attempts would lead to heated and endless debates. The authors recommend that the church should create mission awareness by encouraging frequent interactions between her members and the Somali Muslim Community in Eastleigh.


This paper offers a description of a new transactional model designed for a m-commerce 4G architecture, and the economic benefit that it can bring to an organization. For the design, it has been used a Hub and Spoke transport model for the material flow, a Queuing model for the bank company transactions flow, and a LDPC/MIMO channel for the transmission environment. With the new system, the SNR can be reduced approximately in 8 dB, which makes possible a greater rapidity in the transactions. The global results show an economic gain of at least a 20.12%, because of the redesign of the conversations, the optimization of the Transport Problem using the Hub and Spoke Model and the reduction in the errors of the sent data.


OBJECTIVE
To compare a new transport ventilator to manual ventilation in terms of maintaining the respiratory and hemodynamic levels of critically ill patients.

DESIGN
Prospective, randomized, single-center study.

SETTING
ICU in a university hospital.

PATIENTS
A total of 16 patients (22 transports) who were spontaneously breathing and required ventilatory assistance on excursions from the ICU.

METHODS
For each transport, the patient was randomly assigned to receive either manual ventilation (group M) or mechanical ventilation (group V). For transports in group V, the ventilators were set the same as in the ICU. Respiratory and hemodynamic variables were measured 30 min before transport (T(0)), on arrival at the site of procedure (T(1)), on return to the ICU (T(2)), and 30 min after return the ICU (T(3)).

RESULTS
After transport, five patients in group M showed a significant deterioration in PaO(2)/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio, while one patient in group V showed deterioration (p = 0.056). The mean (+/- SD) respiratory rate in group M at T(2) (32 +/- 9 breaths/min) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than at T(0) (19 +/- 6 breaths/min) and also was higher (p < 0.01) than in group V at T(2) (19 +/- 6 breaths/min). The mean tidal volume and positive end-expiratory pressure in group M at T(2) showed significantly larger variation (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively) than in group V.

CONCLUSIONS
The transport ventilator that was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration reliably provides more stable ventilatory support than does manual ventilation. Generally, the use of this transport ventilator for intrahospital transport is preferable to manual ventilation.


Cord prolapse is a rare obstetric emergency associated with increased risks of perinatal mortality. Given the rarity of this complication and associated perinatal mortality and morbidity, multi-disciplinary skills and drills are promoted as a means to ensure that all staff are appropriately skilled in the management of this condition. The aim of the audit was to investigate in one large obstetric unit standards of practice in relation to the management of cord prolapse. All women who presented with a cord prolapse over a 30-month period were identified and a retrospective audit of their records was performed to evaluate compliance against agreed standards of care. The results showed that in line with previous studies prematurity and breech presentation were major risk factors. The mean time between diagnosis and delivery was 16.2 minutes. Manoeuvres to relieve pressure on the umbilical cord were largely poorly documented, as was communication with the woman and their partners. The results demonstrate the ...


Humic substances, including humic acid, fulvic acid and humin, represent a class of naturally occurring complex compounds found in soil, water and sediments that are formed by the transformation of biomolecules that originate from dead plants and animals, and microbial activity, a process that is going on along with the natural decay processes. In aquatic ecosystems, humic substances exhibit an important influence on the properties and functions of natural water systems as they play a direct role in the formation of physical and chemical environment in a water body that ultimately determines its biological community. This review summarises information regarding the composition, structure, formation and role in aquatic ecosystems, also pointing to their application in other fields like environment, agriculture and biomedicine.


When federally appointed Indian Agency policemen, reinforced by county sheriffs, arrested two Indians suspected of selling alcohol at the Campo Reservation fiesta in San Diego County in 1927, the Mission Indian Federation (MIF) police protested and freed the prisoners. This sparked a violent confrontation, during which the Campo MIF captain and judge were killed. The causes for the political violence are situated in the disagreements between the MIF and the Office of Indian Affairs over jurisdictional questions. It is argued that the confrontation had an important impact on national Indian policy.


Most equipment condition monitoring systems operate separately from each other and allow assessing the technical condition of each equipment individually. In this work, the software of online estimation of technical condition of the whole transformer substation 35/6 (10) kV has been developed. Based on the developed algorithms, statistical processing of data obtained from installed sensors at the transformer substation is carried out online. The technique of assessing the technical condition allows remote monitoring, monitoring the state of the existing equipment and predicting changes in the technical condition. The solution of the set tasks allows efficient operation of the substation equipment and comprehensive assessment of the technical condition of the equipment of the entire transformer substation.


In his book, Paul Zarembka examines some of the key elements in Marx's contribution to social theory. He focuses on three dimensions of Marx's work: its relation to philosophy, to the class nature of the economy, and to some political factors which, in the author's opinion, deserve critical attention. Accordingly, the book is divided into three parts, the first dealing with "The Atrophy of Philosophy" in Marx's thought, the second—with "Key Elements of Political Economy," and the third—with "Nationalism and State Machiavellianism." The variety of the themes reflects both the breadth of Marx's intellectual legacy and Zarembka's range of interests. By "the atrophy of philosophy," Zarembka means the diminishing part played by philosophy in Marx's work. When Marx first conceived of his "Critique of Political Economy," of which Capital was the first part, he intended to structure it in accordance with Hegel's Science of Logic. The point of doing so was to show the interconnection of the economic categories, such as value, money, wages in the same way that Hegel had deduced the categories of philosophy of his day. The result would be a progression from the most elementary economic category—the commodity—to the most all-embracing of economic categories – the world market. Marx's intention was to show that "the tendency to create the world market is directly given in the concept of capital itself." This was the approach Marx adopted in the Grundrisse and later drafts of Capital. However, it is much less evident in the published versions of the work, beginning from the first German edition which appeared in 1867, though the first chapter of this edition clearly shows Marx's Hegelian influence. As in Hegel's Science of Logic, Marx structured his material according to the pattern of Universality, Particularity, and Individuality at various levels of his exposition. He also made use of Schelling's concept of "subsumption" to describe the process by which in its circuits capital drew more and more of the pre-capitalist social and economic structures into its orbit, transforming every kind of product into a commodity. The eventual culmination of the process would be a point at which capitalism became the universal system. The implication was that with nowhere else to go, capitalism would become unstable and collapse, giving way to a new form of economic organization.


Objective To determine the abnormal condyle radiographic findings before and after orthodontic treatment and the relationship between orthodontic treatment and the signs of TMD.Methods 435 orthodontic treated patients with age of 7 to 19 years,were included in the study.Panoramic radiographs were classified as 2 grade.Signs of TMD pre-treatment and the cases of seeking medical care in TMD clinic during orthodontic treatment were recorded.Results Radiographic findings were seen in 16 subjects( 3.7%) before treatment and in 30 subjects( 6.9%) after treatment(P 0.05).The prevalence of TMD signs pre-treatment was 14.1% for male and 13% for female(P 0.05).There were 7 cases with click and pain seeking care in TMD clinic during orthodontic treatment.Conclusion The occurrence of condyle osseous abonormalities was higher in the post-treatment group.It could not be attributed to increasing age.There was relationship between orthodontic treatment and TMD.Clicking and condylar osseous abnormalities before treatment may be the risk factors for pain and opening limitation during the treatment.


Let p be an odd prime number and let L/K be an arbitrary finite Galois p– extension of Zp–cyclotomic fields of CM–type. In this paper, assuming that the Iwasawa μ−– invariants of K and L are zero, we obtain the Galois module structure of C− B(p), the p–subgroup of the minus part of the ray class group of L, and of pC B , the elements of C − B(p) of order a divisor of p, associated to the modulus B of L induced by a modulus A of K, which contains in its support the non–p–prime divisors of K+ ramified in L+ and split in K, and also contains in its support a finite collection of non–p–prime divisors of K+ that do not ramify in L+; they may split in K or be inert in K. That is, we obtain explicitly the decomposition of C− B(p) (of pC − B ) as a direct sum of indecomposable Zp[G]–modules (Fp[G]–modules) with respect to the modulus B.


The Varivax vaccine presently used against chickenpox is live attenuated, and induces both cell-mediated and humoral immune response whose relative contributions and duration of protection is limited. The physiochemical properties, prediction, validation of 3D structure, pairwise protein alignment and biological functions of five glycoproteins: gE, gB, gH, gI and gC, and their putative epitopes for potential T cell of HLA I and II have been predicted, using immunoinformatics and structural Bioinformatics tools to identify the effective peptide . gB protein was found to have highly similar structure based on its TMscore. The peptide showing the maximum binding with HLA class 1 molecule is VLLCLVIFL (gE) while LVIFLICTA (gE) and MVIVIVISV (gI) are peptides with HLA class 2 molecules. Hence considering this fact, even though gB had obtained the best TM-score it cannot be considered for proposing an effective subunit vaccine as it has very less allele predicted for both HLA class I and class II. The next best TM-score and hence the maximum alleles shown by gE for HLA class I and gI for HLA class II molecules could be considered in proposing an effective subunit vaccine.


Aflatoxins are carcinogenic metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus, a fungal pathogen that infects maize both in the field and during storage. Mexico is the center of origin of maize and its production in most parts in the country is characterized by the employment of a wide diversity of open‐pollinated genotypes adapted to certain environments. In most regions, maize is produced under rain fed conditions with low fertilizer and pesticide input and consequent low yields, probably fostering A. flavus infection in drought‐stressed plants. In addition, poor pest control increases insect damage, facilitating fungal infection and aflatoxin contamination. Ideally, management of aflatoxin contamination should begin with the employment of resistant genotypes as has been demonstrated by several U.S. breeding programs. However, in Mexico the wide genetic diversity of maize has not been fully exploited to identify resistance to aflatoxin contamination in breeding programs, thus impeding the reduction of aflatoxin levels in the field. Additional complications come from the fact that transgenic maize expressing insecticidal protein or any other trait to reduce aflatoxin is not viable in Mexico due to a government prohibition on the use of genetically modified maize. Maize is a staple crop in Mexico with high consumption in forms such as tortillas; thus, aflatoxin contamination is a significant threat to human health. Although aflatoxins are partially destroyed during the alkaline cooking procedure (called nixtamalization) to prepare tortillas, residual levels of aflatoxins might be considerable. Although important research has been conducted in several aspects of aflatoxin contamination of maize by universities, agricultural centers, and some government agencies, a full mycotoxin research program is needed in Mexico to ascertain the extents of aflatoxin contamination in different parts of the country and to develop economically viable technology to reduce aflatoxin exposure.


Clarifying the professional roles between clinical engineers and clinical informaticists potentially will reconcile the clinical engineering and information technology divide, yet the applied science of informatics lacks a defined core task relative to engineering design. Presenting a case study about the design and deployment of a clinical decision support system, we define a core task of informatics. Analyzing this case study given the complexity of clinical systems, we conclude that informatics seeks to solve problems at a hierarchical level above clinical engineering. Attention to the systems complexity of solutions to clinical problems is therefore necessary to demarcate roles and responsibilities between the professions.


A radio frequency amplifier, preliminarily based on Class-E power amplifier mechanism, is proposed by using the CMOSFET devices fabricated through TSMC 0.18 micron process, which are implemented in Agilent ADS for the circuit designs. Two center working frequencies, 5.0 GHz and 6.0 GHz are deliberately targeted by adjusting the inductance and the capacitance. S11 and S22 are tuned to fit the impedance matching, and S12 for isolation is proved to be down below about −40dB. The resulting gain (S21) is expected to be higher than 20dB. The applicable frequency range is then demonstrated to be as wide as 4.5GHz, which is quite encouraging even though the most proper working frequency in located in between 5GHz and 6GHz. The minimum noise figures (NFmin) are less than 1.0 at the center working frequency 5.0GH and l.2 at 6.0GHz. The promising results promote the radio frequency application as a low noise power amplified.


The invention relates to a sterilization type clothes washing agent which is characterized by being prepared from the raw materials in percent by weight: 30-40 percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 10-20 percent of caustic soda flake, 5-15 percent of coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamide, 20-30 percent of terpinol, 2-3 percent of potassium soap, 1-2 percent of isopropanol and 4-6 percent of water. The sterilization type clothes washing agent can be made according to a making method of the conventional washing agent. The invention has reasonable formula, better cleaning effect and better sterilization and disinfection effect, and is beneficial to the maintaining of the health of people.


A 30-mW multi-band receiver based on harmonic selection is presented. The prototype receiver employs a 32-phase non-overlapping local oscillator (LO) and is capable of simultaneously receiving multiple wireless signals arbitrarily located between 600 MHz and 3 GHz. The receiver achieves 2.4–5-dB noise figure (NF) and tolerates as large as −10-dBm out-of-band blockers. Employing a digital harmonic rejection (HR) calibration to overcome phase and amplitude mismatches in the 32-phase LO and down-conversion paths, close to 80 dB of HR is measured.