Ski slope vegetation at Snoqualmie Pass in Washington State, USA, was surveyed in order to identify community types and to compare it with vegetation development patterns in Japan. Ski slopes in Japan, most of which were constructed after 1960, underwent heavy land recontouring, while those at Snoqualmie Pass were constructed before 1950 with less modification. Three points apply to Japanese ski slope vegetation and differentiate these slopes from those at Snoqualmie Pass: (i) grasslands of introduced species are widespread and persistent; (ii) unvegetated patches are uncommon; and (iii) wetland vegetation has developed. These differences are mainly derived from the intensity of human impact, history of the slope and its scale: namely, ski slopes in Washington are older and larger than those in Japan. Ski slope vegetation in Washington was primarily differentiated by a soil moisture gradient. The large size of Washington ski slopes permitted the inclusion and development of wetland habitats, whereas most ski slopes in Japan are constructed on ridges and do not contain wetlands. Most introduced species in Japan are eliminated soon after seeding. In contrast, the long-term management of ski slopes decreased soil erosion and/or unvegetated patches in Washington and created relatively permanent grasslands composed of introduced species. Tsuga heterophylla and Abies amabilis were found established on the ski slopes in Washington, whereas in Japan the pioneer tree species are shade-intolerant broadleaved species. These differences may be a result of the different disturbance histories of ski slopes in the two countries. In addition, along with the conifers, early successional forbs such as Anaphalis margaritacea and Epilobium angustifolium are well established on Washington ski slopes. Results show that disturbances created by ski slope development greatly affect the vegetation, even on older, less heavily impacted ski slopes.


The present research aimed to examine the learning strategies for the IELTS test preparation to meet the English learning outcomes (ELOs) used by students majoring in English Language Teaching (ELT) in Vietnamese universities, especially at the University of Foreign Language Studies – the University of Da Nang (UFLS-UD) and provided solutions to improve their IELTS test preparation efficiency. Data were collected from the questionnaires completed by 120 English language teaching (ELT) students, the in-depth interviews with 10 student informants, 5 experts in English teaching, and 10 students who have taken the IETLS test to meet the ELOs. The findings showed that most student informants chose the IELTS test to meet the ELOs requirements and did some preparation for the test. Regarding the learning strategies, practicing English pronunciation and communication skills were used for speaking, listening to the audio, watching English videos for listening, reading the IELTS writing samples, and learning grammar for writing. To overcome problems faced by informants, some suggested solutions were proposed, such as employing self-study strategies, practicing the IELTS sample test, attending IELTS courses, sitting for the IELTS mocks, and finding support from lecturers.


In applications such as oil and gas production, deep geothermal energy production, underground storage, and mining, it is common practice to implement local seismic networks to monitor and to mitigate induced seismicity. For this purpose, it is crucial to determine the capability of the network to detect a seismic event of predefined magnitude in the target area. The determination of the magnitude of completeness of a network is particularly required to properly interpret seismic monitoring results. We propose a method to compute the detection probability for existing local seismic networks, which (i) strictly follows the applied detection sequence; (ii) estimates the detection capability where seismicity has not yet occurred; and (iii) delivers the results in terms of probabilities. The procedure includes a calibration of a local magnitude scale using regional earthquakes recorded by the network and located outside the monitored area. It involves pre‐processing of the seismograms recorded at each station as performed during the triggering sequence, which is assumed based on amplitude thresholds. Then, the calibrated magnitude–distance–amplitude relations are extrapolated at short distances and combined to reproduce the network detection sequence. This generates a probability to detect a seismic event of a given magnitude at a specified location. This observation‐based approach is an alternative to a fully theoretical detection capability modelling and includes field conditions. Seismic wave attenuation by geometrical spreading and intrinsic attenuation, site effect, and instrumental responses are partly accounted for by the calibration. We apply this procedure on the seismic network deployed in the Bruchsal geothermal field (Germany). Although the system was in good working order, no induced seismicity was identified in the area between June 2010, when monitoring started, and November 2012. The recording of distant seismicity during this time period, however, allowed the application of the proposed procedure. According to the applied network detection parameters, the results indicate that the absence of seismicity can be interpreted as a 95% probability that no seismic event with ML ≥ 0.7 occurred below the network at 2.4‐km depth, i.e., in the geothermal reservoir.


Renal diseases in children constitute an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children; relevant data is scanty, leading to the lack of adequate planning and policy. This study was conducted to describe the pattern of renal diseases in a population of hospitalised children. These baseline data may help in health policy formulation. It is a descriptive cross -sectional study of all admission into the children's wards comprising the newborn unit, emergency room and children ward of the hospital, over a five-year period. The total number of admission over the p e r i o d w a s 3 9 3 8 , r e n a l d i s e a s e s c o n s t i t u t e d 2 . 8 % o f a l l a d m i s s i o n s (110/3938). Males were 78 (70.9%) and females were 32 (29.1%) with a sex ratio of 2.4:1. Age range was between 0 and 15 years with a mean of 2.23 + 1.1years. Acute kidney injury was seen in 29.1%, urinary tract infection and nephrotic syndrome was present in 21.8% each. Congenital anomaly of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) was present in 11.9%; out of this, obstructive uropathy accounted for 6.4%. Nephroblastoma was present in 3.6% and male was found to be predominante in these diseases. Acute renal failure is the leading cause of kidney disease among hospitalised children. It occurs due to preventable causes, therefore efforts at early identification and intervention is canvassed for so as to prevent morbidity arising from this condition.


not have been overlooked, but the space thereby given up is well filled with the account of Hegel's social philosophy. The absence of critical comment is a more difficult matter. Mathews might have attempted to point out some of the major difficulties with the concept of Geist or made fuller reference to some of the critical literature on Hegel. But within its self-imposed limits this is a book to be recommended.


The goal of the Preston Educational Engineering Resources (PEER) program has been to promote awareness of science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) opportunities related to transportation and engineering and the educational background needed among high school and middle school students in rural areas. The PEER program was implemented in schools in rural Preston County, West Virginia, with two primary features. (1) Lessons and exercises were presented in Preston County classrooms by West Virginia University engineering students who were just a few years older than the target students, and thereby employing a peer dynamic to STEM learning. (2) The lessons and exercises were pre-certified to meet the required learning objectives of the intended math and/or science classes, which served as the context for the program. Therefore, teachers were not impeded in the progress of their learning outcome obligations, but were actually accelerated by the program. The Preston County Schools technology integration specialists and the EdVenture Group teamed with West Virginia University (WVU) engineering students (mentors) and faculty to develop lectures and exercises for middle and high school students that focus on teaching important STEM concepts in a transportation context. The engineering student mentors visited Preston County Schools and conducted hands-on and engaging presentations that were enhanced by the dynamic created by the closeness in age and life experience.


The 2002 Fusion Summer Study was conducted from July 8-19, 2002, in Snowmass, Colorado, and carried out a critical assessment of major next-steps in the fusion energy sciences program in both Magnetic Fusion Energy (MFE) and Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE). The conclusions of this study were based on analysis led by over 60 conveners working with hundreds of members of the fusion energy sciences community extending over 8 months. This effort culminated in two weeks of intense discussion by over 250 US and 30 foreign fusion physicists and engineers present at the 2002 Fusion Summer Study. The objectives of the Fusion Summer Study were three-fold: • Review the scientific issues in burning plasmas, address the relation of burning plasma in tokamaks to innovative MFE confinement concepts, and address the relation of ignition in IFE to integrated research facilities. • Provide a forum for critical discussion and review of proposed MFE burning plasma experiments (IGNITOR, FIRE, and ITER) and assess the scientific and technological research opportunities and prospective benefits of these approaches to the study of burning plasmas. • Provide a forum for the IFE community to present plans for prospective integrated research facilities, assess the present status of the technical base for each, and establish a timetable and technical progress necessary to proceed for each.


To examine physiological characteristics of spontaneous squirting in the ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi, a method wchich could monitor changes in intrabranchial pressure continuously for a few weeks was developed. Two types of squirting responses, large and small were observed. They appeared independently and exhibited different circadian rhythms. This method will be useful for clarifying the function and biological rhythm of squirting in the ascidian.


Abstract Purpose: The problem of effective power delivery to a semi-deep target by a phased array has been addressed for application to hyperthermia treatment of some tumours in the thorax. Methods: Three efficiencies have been introduced, which estimate system ability in power transfer from generators to body, from body to tumour, and from generators to tumour. They are formulated in terms of a dissipation matrix and an interference matrix. Bounds to achievable efficiencies are obtained. Further figures of merit have also been introduced. The necessary mathematics has been developed. Results: A numerical analysis has been carried out for a partially interdigitated planar array of resonant dipoles. Results show how the new parameters can be exploited for optimal selection of the array's degrees of freedom. Conclusion: The figures of merit and their bounds allow comparisons between RF heating devices and provide guidelines to phased array design.


In 2005 during on-going monitoring of a Peregrine population on the Sussex coast of the United Kingdom (UK), a hybrid male falcon of domestic origin was found breeding with a wild female at an ancestral eyrie. This was the first known/recorded UK case, of a wild Peregrine breeding with an escaped hybrid. Our paper documents the discovery and progress of this breeding attempt and includes images of the birds food passing and copulating. The biological and ethical issues faced by the researchers are outlined, especially the potential pollution of the local gene pool by an allopatric species. Finally we describe the sequence of decisions and actions taken to resolve the dilemma, culminating in the elimination of the male. The UK government's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) requires certain species of raptor used for falconry to be fitted with a uniquely numbered leg ring allowing individual identification. The recovery of the male bird with its ring intact enabled DEFRA to identify the parentage of the bird, which was in fact a "tribrid".


This article presents an improved method that uses time-domain analysis to calculate arc-flash hazards. The time-domain analysis allows current limitation by fuses and other effects to be studied. The ordinary differential equations for the three-phase circuit and any current-limiting fuses are solved by fourth-order Runge Kutta integration with automatic control of the time step.


The principle of non-discrimination is fundamental to the regulation of international trade in goods and services. In the context of trade in goods, the concept of 'like products' has become a key element of the legal analysis of whether a trade obstacle violates GATT non-discrimination obligations. The equivalent concept of 'like services and service suppliers' in GATS rules on non-discrimination has received little attention in WTO jurisprudence. In light of the remaining uncertainties, Nicolas Diebold analyses the legal problems of the GATS 'like services and services suppliers' concept using a contextual and comparative methodology. The 'likeness' element is not analysed in isolation, but in context with 'less favourable treatment' and regulatory purpose as additional elements of non-discrimination. The book also explores how far theories from nondiscrimination rules in GATT, NAFTA, BITs and EU law, as well as market definition theories from competition law, may be applied to 'likeness' in GATS.


Background: In Cesarean, two anesthesia techniques are commonly used i.e. general and regional techniques. Regional anesthesia is most preferable under some circumstances. Commonly used induction agents include thiopental, Ketamine and propofol, depending on availability and the maternal clinical condition. Aim: Propofol 2.5 mg/kg was compared with Thiopentone 5 mg/kg as on induction agent for elective Cesarean section. Materials and methods: A total 103 healthy patients were included in an open randomized study, among whom 51 patients received Thiopentone and 52 received Propofol. These patients were unpremedicated, after induction dose the maintenance was similar for both groups. Results: Both Propofol and Thiopentone group produced a rapid and smooth induction of anesthesia with a low incidence of side effects. Diastolic blood pressure was lower in Propofol group during the induction to delivery interval. Other hemodynamic changes were similar for both groups. Respiratory upsets occurred less frequently with Propofol (7.8%) than with Thiopentone (22.5%), but Propofol caused more pain (28.8%) on injection compared to Thiopentone. Recovery time was shorter after Propofol as evaluated by time to open eyes on commands. There was no significant neonatal depression as assessed by Apgar score. Conclusion: Propofol appears to be a suitable alternative to Thiopentone as induction agent for Obstetric anesthesia. Mamidi M, Shiva Prasad D. Propofol and Thiopentone as induction agents in Obstetric anesthesia A comparative study. IAIM, 2016; 3(4): 111-117.


ABSTRACT A survey for scolytine bark and ambrosia beetles undertaken on the entomologically understudied and ecologically devastated Hawaiian island of Lāna'i, revealed the remarkable presence there of Xyleborus mauiensis Perkins, 1900, an endemic Hawaiian ambrosia beetle in the tribe Xyleborini not previously recorded from the island. Its presence on Lāna'i 'fills the gap' in a distribution encompassing the now isolated islands of Molokai and Maui that together with Lanai composed the single historically large island of Maui Nui more than half a million years ago. We emphasize the reliance of X. mauiensis upon its only known host plant, the endemic Hawaiian Cheirodendron trigynum (Araliaceae), and highlight the conservation importance of ensuring the persistence of even a small number of native plants in environments otherwise dominated by exotic flora. We also report five additional new species records for introduced exotic bark and ambrosia beetles in the tribes Xyleborini and Trypophloeini new to Lāna'i, discussing their significance to our understanding of the distribution of bark beetles in Hawai'i. We provide a checklist of all Scolytinae recorded from Lāna'i to date, together with their known host plants and photographs of the newly recorded beetles together with a map indicating where they were sampled.


ABSTRACT In this paper, teacher educators located at three different universities across the United States share findings emerging from our collaboration around a suite of three activities that engage our teacher candidates (TCs) around their identities as future mathematics teachers. In particular, our TCs engaged in a suite of identity-based activities in order to promote reflexivity across dimensions in a way that we argue is not possible through a single activity. We implemented activities to promote our TCs' reflexivity, as well as to engage in critical self-reflection on our own practice as mathematics teacher educators. We explore the relationship between multidimensional reflexivity and beginning teachers who hold commitments toward justice and equity in mathematics education. Three activities – a mathematics autobiography, a silhouette, and an identity card sort – were selected, modified, implemented, and reflected on across our secondary mathematics methods courses, with the goal of promoting reflexivity across dimensions. We refer to reflexivity across dimensions as one's ability to explore one's identity within various analytical frames. The autobiography, silhouette, and card sort offered opportunities for TCs to explore the dimensions of their narrative, discursive, and categorical reflexivity, respectively. We found that TCs engaged in continual questioning and perturbing of their positions in society in ways that contributed to their sense of self and promoted reflexivity across the dimensions of TCs' mathematics identities.


The Christian Iberian Reconquest is often assumed by scholars outside of the peninsula (and sometimes by those within it) to be a part of the crusading movement. The customary image of such enterprises posits crown and miter, priest and citizen linked in a joint endeavor to spread the word of Christ by means of the Church Militant. Any serious investigation of medieval Luso-Hispania soon reveals a reality far more complex. Christian rulers fight each other, often in alliance with Muslim princes. Bishops occasionally find themselves caught between the press of the emerging territorial monarchies, the striving municipalities, and the designs of the papal reform movement. The citizens of the new frontier towns, as elsewhere in Europe, contended bitterly with the bishop over questions of authority and economic resources. Indeed, the episcopacy is often a neglected element in the study of the military, political, and economic forces combined in the Reconquest effort. A useful micro-model for examining many of these elements is the town of Cuenca. Captured from the Muslim Almohads in 1177, it was designated as an episcopal see virtually at the outset. The shape it would take as town and bishopric on a militarized frontier is most instructive in observing these forces at work, revealing a more complex portrait of Reconquest economic politics. Cuenca as a municipality possessed no particular Roman background, although the modern province that it administrates is liberally sprinkled with Roman archaeological sites. It came into existence as Muslim Kunka, a town which Ibn Sahib al-sala described in the twelfth century as peaked by its "lofty citadel, unconquerable, whose height reached heavenward to touch the clouds."1 The town sits astride a precipitous ridge carved out in geologic time by the joining of the Jucar and the Huecar rivers, positioned approximately 175 kilometers east of Toledo and about an equal distance southeast of Madrid. During the eleventh century King Alfonso VI had acquired control of the town through marriage and diplomacy, only to lose it again in the wake of the disastrous battle of Ucles in 1108, which had also cost him the life of his only son. As a salient and supply base, it continued to threaten the eastern flank of Toledo during the reigns of Queen Urraca (1109-1126) and her son King Alfonso VII (1126-1157).2 It fell to king Alfonso VIII (1168-1214) of Castile to secure this region soon after attaining his majority. One clear incentive came from the east, provided by King Alfonso 11 of Aragon, who captured the town of Teruel 150 kilometers to the northeast in 1171. Teruel constituted a potential portal to Cuenca and La Mancha, as well as a strategic thrust to the south against the declining kingdom of Murcia under the renegade Muslim King Lobo.3 Lobo's death in 1172 introduced an even greater threat. Abfl Yalqfjb Yfisuf 1, the Almohad Muslim caliph who had just crossed over from North Africa, moved to consolidate the Murcian kingdom in his own hands. AbFa Yalqfib struck first at northern La Mancha, capturing the castles of Vilches and Alcaraz, and then laying siege to the Christian castle town of Huete, sixty kilometers west of Cuenca. These settlements were established during the reign of Alfonso VII, and stood at risk of just such an onslaught.4 Alfonso VIII hastily gathered a relief army at Toledo, while the tenacity of the Christian defenders, aided by an unusual summer rainstorm that refilled their cisterns, proved too much for Abu Ya`qub's army. Before Alfonso VIII reached Huete, the Muslim caliph had already retreated to the safety of Cuenca's walls. This safe haven allowed the Muslims to re-supply and subsequently to continue their raiding in the Tajo Valley later in the summer.5 By 1177, Alfonso VIII had determined to remove this dangerous salient before it sustained any additional Islamic campaigns or provided an invitation for an Aragonese incursion into his southeastern frontier zone. …


A field and laboratory study of the Lord Hill pegmatite, Stoneham, Maine, indicates that the pegmatite magma was mechanically injected into diorite country rock but that small amounts of quartz, muscovite, and microcline were introduced to the country rock producing a two-foot wide granitized halo around the pegmatite. Partial assimilation of the wall rock has contaminated and chemically altered at least the outermost zone of the peg-


Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a complex multisystem disorder characterized by progressive neurological impairment, variable immunodeficiency and occulo-cutaneous telangiectasia. Ataxia telangiectasia is a member of chromosomal breakage syndromes and it is caused by a mutation in the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene. We are reporting an eight year old girl of AT presented with difficulty in walking, frequent fall, trembling of the whole body, difficulty in speech. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, June 2014, Vol.6(1); 41-43


The assurance argument that a trusted system satisses its information security requirements must be convincing , because the argument supports the accreditation decision to allow the computer to process classiied information in an operational environment. Assurance is achieved through understanding, but some evidence that supports the assurance argument can be diicult to understand. This paper describes a novel application of a technique, called literate programming 11], that signiicantly improves the readability of the assurance argument while maintaining its consistency with formal speciications that are input to speciication and veriication systems. We describe an application of this technique to a simple example and discuss the lessons learned from this eeort.


In present study, I explore intraday behavior of stock prices. In particular, I try to shed light on the dynamics of stock price reversals and namely, on the short-term character the latter may possess. For each of the stocks currently making up the Dow Jones Industrial Index, I calculate intraday upside and downside volatility measures, following Becker et al. (2008) and Klossner et al. (2012), as a proxy for reversed overreactions to good and bad news, respectively. I document that for all the stocks in the sample, mean daily returns following the days when a stock's upside volatility measure was higher or equal to its downside volatility measure are higher than following the days when the opposite relationship held, indicating that stock prices display a short-run 'reversals of reversals' behavior following corrected, or reversed, overreactions to news. Furthermore, I construct seven different portfolios built upon the idea of daily adjusting a long position in the stocks that according to 'reversals of reversals' behavior are expected to yield high daily returns, and a short position in the stocks, whose daily returns are expected to be low. All the portfolios yield significantly positive returns, providing an evidence for the practical applicability of the 'reversals of reversals' pattern in stock prices.


A new, molded, stabilized, sublingual nitroglycerin tablet was prepared. This tablet shows the same bioavailability as conventional tablets but has the advantage of markedly improved stability. In contrast to conventional tablets, which often develop marked intertablet dose variation within 1 month, the stabilized tablet maintains its content uniformity for long periods, even at 37 and 45°, thus assuring a more uniform and predictable dose to the patient.


Abstract : The axial multi stage bearing consists of a casing, races, outer floating rings, rockers and inner rings attached to a shaft with the aid of spacers. In order to provide greater resistance to vibration, abrasion and shock with large temperature changes and volatile media, the bearing incorporates resilient elements with high temperature and chemical resistance located in slots in the race with radial clearance. The outer floating rings and inner rings are made from metal ceramic and other alloys with low shock resistance e.g. tungsten or cobalt carbide, and compounds of chrome, boron, titanium and other metals and their carbides and borides. (Author)


The concept of the imaginal realm, developed in eastern Islamic philosophy, can enrich the imagination of cinema studies. It comes from a triadic ontology of sensible, imaginal, and intelligible realms that offers a fruitful alternative to dualistic thought and can even, with a few tweaks, convert to a monism of flow. Sharing roots with Western thought in the concept of the imaginative faculty, the Islamic imaginal realm is collective, infinite, expanding, and more real than matter. The imaginal realm is a radically pro-image concept, affirming the importance of poetry, art, and images in motion. As developed by the Persian philosopher Sadr al-Din Muhammad al-Shirâzi, known as Mullâ Sadrâ (1571-1640), the imaginal realm flows and intensifies, becoming more real as it connects with other images, in a process philosophy we may fruitfully compare with Spinoza, Leibniz, and Whitehead. I will sketch the genealogy of the imaginal realm and compare it to contemporary Western concepts including the Lacanian Imaginary, the Deleuzian crystal-image, and the quasi-mystical understandings of image in Kracauer, Bazin, and Merleau-Ponty. For those of us who are diffident about drawing from religious philosophy, I will suggest how this transcendental concept can be made immanent. Finally, I will draw from contemporary Muslim thinkers, such as Mohammed Arkoun, who ground a visionary collective politics in the imaginal realm.


Described are devices, systems, and methods for performing diagnostic tests. The diagnostic systems are capable of performing analytic tests and communicating with a portable multifunctional device (PMD) or other computing device. Systems include an analyzer configured to transmit electrical signals between the computing device and a sample cartridge. Through communication with the sample cartridge via the analyzer, various tests may be performed and controlled by the computing device. These analytic tests may include, but are not limited to, sensing or quantification of chemicals from sample input, whether gaseous, liquid, or otherwise, sensing or quantification of analytes, antibodies, or antigens, sensing or quantification of genetic material, or other substances.


The volume ratio model of wood assortment was built by choosing the proper equation,and the two dimension merchantable wood assortment volume yielding rate tables were compiled based on structure analyses of diameter grade wood assortments,with on the spot sample timber data collected from the natural broad-leaved forests in the north Fujian Province.The wood assortment volume yielding rate tables were tested to be with high precision and practicable in forestry production.In order to facilitate the production and application,tree height model was established,and the one dimension merchantable wood assortment volume yielding rate tables were derived from the two dimension tables.


The paper introduces the research and application of the flow coating for natural gas pipeline. It can greatly decrease the roughness of internal surface of the pipeline so that the gas flowing resistance would be reduced and the gas transmission efficiency could be improved largely. An internal coating material for reducing transmission resistance of gas pipeline has been developed and evaluated on the transmission efficiency. The application prospect of the flow coating is discussed.


Abstract This subcommittee was formed based on the recommendation of the American Society of Brewing Chemists (ASBC) sensory subcommittee. Its purpose was to determine if the Tetrad Test is as sensitive as the Triangle Test for beer sensory testing. To accomplish this task, 11 sensory panels participated in Tetrad and Triangle testing of two commercially available beers. Half of the samples were stored at 4 °C and the other half were stored at 24 °C. Samples, detailed instructions, and ballots were shipped to each of the participating panels. Each panel returned their results to the Wolf Group for data analysis. The Tetrad Test was found to be a suitable replacement for the Triangle Test. The Tetrad Test had a higher percentage of correct responses at more panel sites than did the Triangle Test. At a confidence level of 95%, no significant differences were observed in the aggregate proportion of correct answers for the Triangle Test versus the Tetrad Test. The reduction of Effect Size (d′) for the Tetrad was less than the theoretical reduction of 1/3, indicating that the Tetrad Test is slightly more powerful than the Triangle Test. The lower standard deviation of the Tetrad Effect Size indicates that it is more precise than that of the Triangle Test. The subcommittee recommended that the Tetrad Test Method be published in the ASBC Methods of Analysis as a suitable alternative to the Triangle Test. The subcommittee also recommended that further testing be conducted to test the tolerances of the Effect Size (d′).


Objective(s): Injuries and deaths from traffic crashes have become a major public health and socio-economic problem in Iran. Our study aimed to investigate patterns of road traffic injuries (RTI) in Shahrood and to furnish evidence for developing measures and strategies and to improve RTI. Methods: A descriptive-analytical study was performed on cases of road traffic injury admitted between 21 Mars and 22 Sept 2005 (the first six months of Iranian calendar) to the trauma center of Imam Hossein Hospital in Shahrood. Data were collected by a questionnaire and analyzed with regard to demographic, pre-hospital and hospital information. Results: Of the 621 injured traffic victims admitted over the 6-month period, 72% were men. The majority were in the 20-29yr (30/3%) and 13-19yr (19/6%) age categories. The Motorcyclists were more likely to be injured in urban areas whereas the majority of car drivers and occupants had been injured on country roads. Moreover, 63/8% of the subjects were admitted as inpatients and the mean length of hospitalization was 3 days and 8 subjects had undergone amputations. Fracture of bones (41/4%) was the most common injury; 30% of the road injuries occurred from 10am to 1pm. A total of 90.1% of motorcycle drivers were not wearing helmets and 44/1% of injured car drivers were not using seat belt. Thirty-one deaths were recorded, accounting for 18% of all deaths registered at Imam Hossein Hospital. Conclusion: This study provides useful information for establishing priorities for the prevention of road accident injuries. Only a minority of motorcyclists and car drivers used safety devices (helmet and seat belt respectively) at the time of accident. Strategies to reduce RTI would include: improving the road traffic environment, setting road safety rules and ensuring compliance, developing stakeholder coalitions, changing current perceptions and promotion of healthy practices by enforcing the laws requiring the use of helmets and safety belts a helmet and seatbelt. Language: fa


Telomere maintenance is crucial for cancer progression1–5. Anti-tumor immune response, on the other hand, is important for prognosis in cancer6–10. How telomeres affect anti-tumor immunity however is poorly understood. Here, we observed significant variation in cancer cell telomeres within the tumor microenvironment (TME) across cancer types. Infiltration of tumor-associated-macrophages (TAM) was sensitive to cancer cell telomeres. Using breast cancer tissue (>90 patients), tumor-derived organoids, cancer cells and xenograft tumors with either long or short telomeres we show interleukin-1 signalling is telomere-sensitive. Mechanistically, non-telomeric TRF2 binding at the IL-1-receptor-1 (IL1R1) promoter was telomere-dependent; enhanced TRF2 binding in case of short telomeres directly recruited the histone-acetyl-transferase p300; and, consequent H3K27 acetylation activated IL1R1. This enhanced IL-signalling, which induced secretion of the cytokine IL-1-beta resulting in increased TAM infiltration in tumors with shorter telomeres. M2-type macrophage infiltration was significantly reduced in presence of the receptor antagonist IL1RA, and IL1R1-knockout compromised TRF2-induced IL-1 activation, supporting specificity of the TRF2-IL1R1 axis in telomere-dependent TAM infiltration. Together these reveal a heretofore unknown function of telomeres in immunosuppression within the TME implicating telomeres as a key factor in the often-reported variation in patient response to immunotherapy.


This work proposes a novel method to identify alternative splicing patterns and analyze the distribution variations in a given gene expression process. The proposed method is based on parallel mapping of RNA-Seq reads to both genomic and transcriptomic reference sequences. The preliminary results conducted with simulated data showed the prominent efficiency in disclosing novel patterns of alternative splicing.


A new recurrence algorithm for the difference of any two convergents of continued fractions by means of the modified backward recurrence formula is presented. Then, a new convergence criteria for continued fractions is obtained and truncation error bound O(dn) (d1), is given. Some numerical examples are given to explain the difference between new convergence theorem and the existing convergence theorem. Finally, using this algorithm, a more refined truncation error bound is given for the continued fractions of Worpitzky′s type.


This work presents a parallel Newton-Krylov flow solver employing third and fourthorder spatial discretizations to solve the three-dimensional Euler equations on structured multi-block meshes. The fluxes are discretized using summation-by-parts operators; boundary and interface conditions are implemented using simultaneous approximation terms. Functionals, drag and lift, are calculated using Simpson's rule. The solver is verified using the method of manufactured solutions and Ringleb flow and validated using the ONERA M6 wing. The results demonstrate that the combination of high-order finite-difference operators with a parallel Newton-Krylov solution technique is an excellent option for efficient computation of aerodynamic flows.


In this paper we present the methodology of implementing a new enhancement of the Mizar proof checker based on enabling special processing of Euclidean predicates, i.e. binary predicates which fulfill a specific variant of transitivity postulated by Euclid. Typically, every proof step in formal mathematical reasoning is associated with a formula to be proved and a list of references used to justify the formula. With the proposed enhancement, the Euclidean property of given relations can be registered during their definition, and so the verification of some proof steps related to these relations can be automated to avoid explicit referencing.


Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of periocline(minocycline) ointment on recurrent periodontitis after fixed denture repair.Methods Self-controlled 48 patients(96 teeth) with recurrent periodontitis after fixed denture repair were randomly divided into two groups: periocline group(n=48) and iodine glycerine group(n=48).Clinical manifestation,periodontal pocket(PD),plaque index(PLI) and sulcular bleeding index(SBI) were recorded after 8 weeks.Results The total effective rate in periocline group was superior to that in iodine glycerine group(76.4% vs 45.1%,P0.01).PD,PLI and SBI in periocline group decreased obviously as compared with iodine glycerine group(P0.01).Conclusion Periocline ointment is effective for treating recurrent periodontitis after fixed denture repair.


Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) affects 1 in 100,000 people with a predominance in young, overweight females.
Objectives: To compare our patients to literature reports of demographics, presenting symptoms, risk factors and outcomes
Methods: We collected data from 135 patients attending a idiopathic intracranial hyperension clinic. We compared our patients to literature reports of demographics, presenting symptoms, risk factors and outcomes.
Results: Male:female ratio was 1:27. Headache was the most common presenting symptom but only 31[percnt] had classical high-pressure features. 53[percnt] developed a chronic headache unrelated to high pressure, most commonly migraine and medication overuse headache. 93[percnt] of patients had a BMI greater than 25. 13 patients (10[percnt]) lost a significant amount of weight and 11 of that group reduced their medication or stopped it entirely. 84[percnt] took acetazolamide during their management and it appears well tolerated. 15 patients (11[percnt]) had VP or LP shunts inserted. Visual symptoms and papilloedema improved in all patients and headache in 7 patients. 7 patients had over 2 surgical procedures and 4 had surgical complications.
Conclusion: Our population group has a greater female predominance than is reported in the literature. Our population was similar to other study populations in that they often presented without high pressure headaches. Patients tolerated acetazolamide but weight loss was the definitive treatment, 10[percnt] reduction in weight improved symptoms and this should remain the focus of longterm management. Chronic headache persisted in 53[percnt] despite normal intracranial pressure. We propose that IIH patients should be informed of this to minimise anxiety and repeated LPs if the condition is stable. Shunting was successful in preserving visual acuity but did not improve headache in 50[percnt]. The number of repeat operations and complications are comparable with the literature and patients should be aware of these issues prior to surgery. Disclosure: Dr. Murdoch has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gribbin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Martin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Buchan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shah has nothing to disclose.


This article is an ethnographic study of the Inculturation and Acculturation of the Baliem, as ethnic groups in the Land of Papua. The elements of inculturation under study consist of personality, leadership substance, ritual and communication, while the elements of acculturation studied consist of socio-cultural changes that occur in the Baliem community and their attitudes towards outside influences and other openness dynamics. This study shows that the Baliem ethnic group has a unique traditional cultural wealth and through the influence of the outside community has undergone socio-cultural changes which are supported by an open attitude to other communities. With such local wisdom, this study will contribute and stimulate learning, further research and a holistic community service and development approach, both spiritually, mentally and physically as well as dynamic contextually for the Baliem ethnic in Land of Papua.


By combining galvanic skin conductance (GSC), stratum corneum hydration (HYD) 25 and regional surface sweat rate (RSR) measurements at the arm, thigh, back and 26 chest, we closely monitored the passage of sweat from gland to skin surface. Through 27 a varied exercise-rest protocol, sweating was increased slowly and decreased in 16 28 male and female human participants (25.3 ± 4.7 yrs, 174.6 ± 10.1 cm, 71.3 ± 12.0 kg, 29 53.0 ± 6.8 ml∙kg∙min -1 ). ∆GSC and HYD increased prior to RSR, indicating pre- 30 secretory sweat gland activity and skin hydration. ∆GSC and HYD typically increased 31 concomitantly during rest in a warm environment (30.1 ± 1.0°C, 30.0 ± 4.7% RH) and 32 only at the arm did ∆GSC increase prior to an increase in HYD. HYD increased prior 33 to RSR, before sweat was visible on the skin, but not to full saturation, contradicting 34 earlier hypotheses. Maximal skin hydration did occur, as demonstrated by a plateau in 35 all regions. Post exercise rest resulted in a rapid decrease in HYD and RSR but a 36 delayed decline in ∆GSC. Evidence for reabsorption of surface sweat into the skin 37 following a decline in sweating, as hypothesized in the literature, was not found. This 38 suggests that skin surface sweat, after sweating is decreased, may not diffuse back 39 into the dermis, but is only evaporated. These data, showing distinctly different 40 responses for the three measured variables, provide useful information about the fate 41 of sweat from gland to surface that is relevant across numerous research fields (e.g. 42 thermoregulation, dermatology, ergonomics and material design). full hydration only occurred once sweat was on the surface. Once sweating reduces, surface sweat evaporation continues but there is a delayed drying of the skin. This 49 information is relevant across various research fields, including environmental 50 ergonomics,


ABSTRACT As the fourth over a span of about 40 years, this study further characterizes the human sex ratio of families of students enrolled at Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY. Student respondents provided data on the parental, present, and projected generations. Survey results permitted calculations of average family sizes and sex ratios that were used in comparisons with results of the previous studies. Average numbers of children were 4.04, 2.58, and 2.45, and secondary sex ratios (males∶100 females) were 102, 108, and 141; respectively, for the parental, present, and projected generations. Average family size decreased progressively during the period of study. Secondary sex ratios ranged from 97 to 108 males∶100 females. Gender composition of the first two and three children influenced parities in two ways, namely preference for both genders and preference for males. Results of the present and previous studies indicated that the most desired families consisted of two children, both genders, and the male born first. Realization of this preference would contribute toward a balanced sex ratio. Other preferences included more male than female children. Overall, sex ratios for desired families in the four studies ranged from 133 to 141 males∶100 females.


Dynamic visual acuity is used as an important factor to measure athletic performance in sports field. A study on visual acuity testing system using non-see head mounted display (NST-HMD) was conducted recently. However, the NST-HMD has a problem that the sense of space felt by the subject differs from the actual environment. This is because the view is blocked so that it is only implemented in a virtual space. This paper proposes a dynamic visual acuity testing system using optical see through head mounted display (OST-HMD). To do this, OST-HMD and NST-HMD comparative tests were conducted using existing K-D (King-Devick) charts. Experiments were performed on 30 subjects and their visual acuity was measured and analyzed by parametric statistics and one-sample T-test. The results of the study demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed OST-HMD. This study is expected to use the visual inspection and training equipment of OST-HMD.


Reaction mechanisms between titanium isopropoxide and deuterated water in the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of TiO 2 at 150-350 °C were studied using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS). The temperature had no marked effect on the total amount of the main gaseous by-product (CH 3 ) 2 CHOD. At 150-250 °C, about half of the ligands were released in reactions with surface hydroxyl groups during the Ti(OCH(CH 3 ) 2 ) 4 pulse, and the other half during the water pulse. At higher temperatures, Ti(OCH(CH 3 ) 2 ) 4 began to thermally decompose, thus affecting the growth mechanism. The results were compared with earlier CVD and ALD studies.


At present,China is at an important stage of deepening economic reform,and the restructure of state-owned enterprises is also at an important development stage,which has created the condition for China's state-owned enterprises to better adapt to market economy,and has laid a foundation for incentive mechanism reform of state-owned enterprises.Learning from foreign research results and practical experience,China's academic circles has carried out a large-scale research on incentive mechanism reform of state-owned enterprises.In practice,incentive mechanisms such as annual salary and stock options,etc.have been tried out,and almost all provinces have put forward the relevant provisions for annual salary system,which has provided a legal basis for incentive mechanism reform of state-owned enterprises.On the background of state-owned enterprise reform and the basis of the results of many theoretical researches,this paper has made helpful exploration about the history and current situation of incentive mechanism reform of state-owned enterprises.


Reading is a social mode of reception of a script-bearing artifact. Whereas by no means all writing was and is meant to be read,1 the scribal production and reproduction of literary compositions—in a broad sense—aimed and aim at being read. Dealing with ancient manuscripts that show literary compositions, two dimensions of reading come to mind: first, reading ancient manuscripts in a present-day scholarly perspective, and second, asking about the reading practices of the ancient readers. In the first context, one could evaluate the state of preservation of the manuscripts, the possibilities for reconstruction, the variances ("readings") between different manuscripts, et cetera. In the second direction of research, one is asking about the modes of reception in the historical and social contexts from which the documents were produced. The first dimension is mainly the concern of editions of ancient manuscripts. Since the manuscripts of interest in this paper are all published in several editions from the last thirty years,2 I can focus on the second question, the ancient reading practices. But since reading—as most practices of reception—is a momentary act, that only rarely leaves marks in the manuscripts themselves, it is almost impossible to explore ancient modes of reading from the manuscripts that have been or can be assumed to have been read. What is accessible for research, however, are hints about intended modes of reading and reception in the documents themselves. Such hints might be found in the texts. However, codicological features of the manuscripts, for example, the choice of material, its preparation for the act of writing, and the design and the layout of the script can perhaps better shed light on the intended reading of the concrete document than the text itself.3 Along these lines, the present paper analyzes the manuscripts of the early Jewish Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice that were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls by considering not only the scholarly editions of the texts, but


The origins of intergenerational programs have received little attention in comparison to intergenerational topics such as the benefits, satisfaction of young and old, attitude change, impact, and ...


A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics method,which solving incompressible flow with variable density,was used in the study of the flow structures in a set of Y typed micro impinging jets.Results show that the angle of jets and the injet speed are two important parameters which effect on the flow structures and mixing properties.From the study of flow structures,qualitative and quantitative analyses and the exam of intensity of segmentation,it is seen that the larger the angle of injets and the(injet) speed,the smaller the intensity of segmentation,and the better the mixing effect.It is because the larger the angle of jets and injet speed,the easier the fluid breaks up and distributes in the cavity,and in the way to the exit,it is mixed very well.


The institutionalization of IPM technology in Indonesia relies on farmer-to-farmer diffusion. The study aimed to analyze the adoption and diffusion of the technology at farm level which conducted in three consecutive seasons of 2000/2001. Two villages in Moyudan sub-district of Jogjakarta Province, where a chronic pest infestation exists, were chosen. The study showed IPM technology has been adopted by both IPM-participating and non-IPM participating rice farmers. It was indicated that diffusion of IPM knowledge in this area of study where every farmer faced the same problems of severe pest infestation.


The AIF framework is a novel method for analyzing advanced security protocols, web services, and APIs, based a new abstract interpreta-tion method. It consists of the specification language AIF and a transla-tion/abstraction processes that produces a set of first-order Horn clauses. These can then be checked with several back-ends such as SPASS. We discuss in this article how to use AIF for modeling of a variety of examples.


Taking fifty-six research universities as a sample and based on the data originated from CSSCI 1998-2003 this paper discussed the disparities of twenty-eight disciplines and three discipline groups from the perspectives of concentration range relative advantage discipline absolute advantage discipline etc.. Moreover the authors draw the outline of structure characteristics of humanities and social sciences discipline. At last the paper indicates that this research is of significance to the distribution adjustment of humanities and social sciences discipline and to choose the priority fields.


Immobilization and reuse of CO2 are urgent tasks for sustaining the global environment. Here it is demonstrated that CO2 can be immobilized by reaction with H2O at room temperature (RT) in the specific sub‐nm space of 1D uneven‐structured C60 polymer (1D polymer) film, even though the reaction does not occur at RT in the gas phase (activation energy: 2 eV). First‐principles calculations reveal that the CO2 molecule is stacked as a bridge between the concave portions of adjacent 1D polymer frameworks via locally induced Coulomb interactions. Such induced charge polarization activates CO2 both by weakening its double‐bonds and by lowering its lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy due to the bending motion. In addition, the flexible π orbitals of the 1D polymer provide the optimal Coulomb field to stabilize the transition state of the CO2 + H2O reaction remarkably. These factors work together to make the reaction possible at RT.


All through the ages, the provision of shelter has remained an ever-present challenge of mankind. Perennial difficulties of shelter provision are posed by varying strains dependent of numerous conflicting factors. Civil engineering and other specialty of science and humanity join hands in providing solutions to man's basic housing and infrastructural needs, thereby adding values to what nature has provided. Constructing on different terrains cost different amount of resources and energy. This research evaluates the burden of constructing on swampy terrain. Mende-Maryland in Lagos is adopted as the area of study. This research analyzed the methods of constructing a duplex on a swampy terrain and modelled the behaviour of the same structure on a normal terrain. Successively, the economic burden of constructing on a swampy terrain is compared to that of constructing on a normal terrain. The result showed that constructing on a swampy terrain is a cost intensive process with the cost of pile foundation alone taking about 38 percent of the whole cost of construction when compared to the 17 percent cost of raft foundation for a normal terrain. This cost will go higher when the cost of engaging experts and equipment for soil consolidation, construction of superstructures on weak terrain and extra safety measures are computed.


In the u I n t e r n e t w a v e , we need to achieve enterprise-class m obile applications th rough technical means. T he cu rren t challenges are how to w o rk e ff ic ie n tly, response t im e ly, m in im ize the cost and m ax the revenue. F o r those questions ? th is artic le analyzed the basic concept o f l ig h t applica tion and then summarized the characteristics h ig h lig h tin g in native applications. A t the same t im e, we p u t up the p la tfo rm fo r custom izing and releasing the l ig h t applica tion based on the OodeJS and Express fram ew ork. U sing the p la tfo rm , we can reduce the d if f ic u lty to develop app lica tion, cut the research cos t, shorten the development cycle and im prove the effic iency o f developing the applica tion. In fu tu re w o rk , the lack o f modules in the m odule l ib ra ry and the drag-and-drop ed iting o f the page need to be perfect.


We obtain asymptotic formulas for the reflection/transmission coefficients of linear long water waves, propagating in a harbor composed of a tapered and slender region connected to uniform inlet and outlet regions. The region with variable character obeys a power-law. The governing equations are presented in dimensionless form. The reflection/transmission coefficients are obtained for the limit of the parameter , which corresponds to a wavelength shorter than the characteristic horizontal length of the harbor. The asymptotic formulas consider those cases when the geometry of the harbor can be variable in width and depth: linear or parabolic among other transitions or a combination of these geometries. For harbors with nonlinear transitions, the parabolic geometry is less reflective than the other cases. The reflection coefficient for linear transitions just presents an oscillatory behavior. We can infer that the deducted formulas provide as first approximation a practical reference to the analysis of wave reflection/transmission in harbors.


This book addresses some of the following topics: observation, control, and stabilization; well-posedness in a Riesz basis setting; observation of strings; observation of beams; vector sum estimates; problems on spherical domains; multidimensional Ingham-type theorems; a general Ingham-type theorem; and problems with weakened gap condition. The book attempts to unify certain inequalities and variations offered by Ingham under the rubric of the so-called harmonic analysis method. The book gives a very clear exposition of the method of Ingham-type inequalities. Although this method is rather limited in its applicability to higher dimension problems, it does give very strong and often optimal results where it does apply.


Elastic scattering of a radioactive neutron-rich boron isotope, $^{12}\mathrm{B}$, has been measured for the first time. Angular distributions for the elastic scattering of $^{12}\mathrm{B}+^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ have been measured at ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{Lab}}=30.0$ and 33.0 MeV, which are just above the Coulomb barrier (${\mathit{V}}_{\mathrm{B}}=24$ MeV). The obtained angular distributions were analyzed in terms of the large-scale coupled channel (CC) and coupled reaction channel (CRC) calculations, where several inelastic transitions for the target, as well as the most relevant transfer reactions, have been included in the coupling matrix elements. The roles of the spin reorientation and spin-orbit interaction in the reaction mechanism were also investigated. The one-neutron transfer reaction through a coupled reaction calculation had some effect on the elastic scattering of the system studied.


For dehydration of cauliflower a study was undertaken in cvs. Pusa Sharad, Pusa Hybrid-2 and Pusa Himjyoti. All the samples were then subjected to boiling in the microwave oven and the electrical conductivity readings were recorded after cooling at 25°C. Time of blanching was standardized as 4, 7 and 5 min. for water, steam and microwave blanching, respectively. Cauliflower florets were dipped in hot water (90 ± 5°C) for 4 min. during water blanching. For steam blanching, florets, taken in wire mesh sieve, were placed above a vessel containing boiling water for 7 minutes. The temperature during blanching was 90 ± 2°C. Microwave blanching was done using domestic microwave. Steam blanching retained higher level of quality and ascorbic acid followed by microwave and water blanching. Pusa Sharad exhibited the best performance among the cultivars. Pusa Sharad and Pusa Hybrid-2 were found superior to Pusa Himjyoti on rehydration.


China's social security audit is in the important period of its development,but the theoretical research in this regard obviously falls behind.After comparing the mature experience from such countries as Germany,Sweden,United Kingdom,Japan with that of China in terms of the legal grounds,operation modes and characteristics,we propose some inspirations for China's social security fund audit: construct a concerning legal system and basic law;improve the internal audit and bring the non-governmental audit into full play with the state audit as its main force;focus on the performance audit and create an evaluation system;build a financial budget;develop a highly-shared information and a consultation system.


Life on the forest floor is a mixed blessing. Sheltered from temperature extremes and droughts, its higher humidity can support an understory vegetation that often teems with life. However, this is a light-deprivedworld, cut off from the sun save for passing flecks that make it through gaps in the canopy (Fig. 1a). To be a plant down here it pays to make full use of these dynamic and transient rays, as well as the dull, diffuse, background light that remains after interception by the dense leaves above (Fig. 1b). The understory light environment is, therefore, a powerful selective pressure, and shade tolerance is amajor driver of evolutionary – and ecosystem – change. Although ferns can be found in baking deserts and exposed mountain tops, their place in the popular imagination remains nestled on the dank forest floor; as undergrowth and epiphytes of tall leafy trees. However, for a large part of their evolutionary history ferns have not occupied that shady niche that they so successfully do today. Some of the oldest vascular land plants to evolve c. 400million years ago, ancient fern lineages,many of which are long extinct, soon flourished in the terrestrial environment. Their early successes saw them dominate marshy lowlands, swamps, and flood-plains. As the world became drier, their flexible life-history strategies helped ferns become opportunistic pioneers of disturbed habitats after volcanic events and fires. But then came the flowering plants and – soon after – their dark humid forests.


To test and verify the performance of the digital low-level radio-frequency (LLRF) and tuner system designed by the IHEP RF group, an experimental platform with a retired KEK 1.3 GHz nine-cell cavity is set up. A radio-frequency (RF) field is established successfully in the cavity and the frequency ...


Current literature on sequelae of acquired brain injury reveals that behavioural disturbances such as physical and verbal aggression and disinhibited behaviour present a substantial barrier to community re-integration following severe brain injury. This study applies the concept of 'challenging behaviour', originally applied to people with learning disabilities, to behavioural disturbance following acquired brain injury. Definition of challenging behaviour, assessment, intervention, and impact on carers are discussed. Standardised measures of challenging behaviour are reviewed. The study has two aims. Firstly, to investigate the degree of shared understanding of the concept of challenging behaviour within a group of staff working in a specialist unit for people with behavioural disturbances following acquired brain injury. Twenty-eight members of staff (21 nurses and 7 other professional staff) completed questionnaires, consisting of four brief case vignettes. Each vignette was rated on five-point scales for important defining aspects of challenging behaviour: overall management difficulty, threat to the physical safety of the patient and others, and impact on the patients' access to community facilities. Results were analysed for agreement between raters, taking consideration of demographic variables. Secondly, the usefulness of screening measures in application to challenging behaviour was evaluated within the same unit. The measures chosen were the Agitated Behaviour Scale (Corrigan 1989) and the Checklist of Challenging Behaviour (Harris et. al. 1994). Three members of staff (2 trained nurses and one other member of therapeutic staff) rated each patient's behaviour during the preceding week. A total of 22 patients were assessed, some on more than one occasion, and results examined for inter-rater reliability and concordance with clinical records. In addition, the behavioural profile of this clinical population is delineated. The application of standardised screening measures in general to challenging behaviour, methodological issues and future research implications are discussed.


Different theoretical frameworks on leadership influence process are briefly reviewed. Particularly the process of leadership legitimisation crisis in organisations is highlighted and the transition of leadership influence process, from the transactional perspective to transformational leadership perspective, is discussed. The paper argues that leadership influence process is important and the intensity and resilience of this influence process makes a difference in organisational functioning and growth, which is rooted in the legitimacy of leadership in the eyes of the followers. The crisis of legitimacy and ways and means for attaining legitimacy, has been a major concern for many leaders and researchers. While acknowledging the inherent strength in the transformational leadership model as a major step towards legitimising the leadership influence process, this paper illustrates certain gaps in the existing transformational leadership framework. Based on later research and instances of leadership influences in organisations, a value based institutional leadership framework is proposed. It is argued that the value based institutional leadership will legitimise the leadership influence process in organisations and will be pervasive and enduring.


Agriculture is among the sectors that are most vulnerable to extreme weather conditions and climate change. In Germany, the subsequent dry and hot summers 2018, 2019, and 2020 have brought this into the focus of public attention. Agricultural actors like farmers, advisors or companies are concerned with such interannual variability and extremes. Yet, it often remains unclear what long-term adaptation options are most suitable in the context of climate change, mainly because climate projections have uncertainties and are usually not tailored to meet requirements, measures and scales of the individual practicioners. In the ADAPTER project, we explore regional and local change on the weather- and climate-related time scales and together with stakeholders (administration, plant breeders, educators, agricultural advisors), we co-design tailored climate change indices and usable products.

In this contribution, we provide a snapshot view of our stakeholders' requirements regarding information about climate change over the next decades. We then focus on the analysis of three groups of indices based on 85 regional climate model simulations from Coordinated Downscaling Experiments over Europe - EURO-CORDEX: (i) changes in daily temperature variability, (ii) occurrence of agricultural droughts in summer, (iii) compound events of combined dryness and elevated temperatures during the same events. We show that these user-oriented, newly constructed indices can capture relevant changes during important phenological development states of typical crops. Finally, we discuss first implications of our findings for different adaptation strategies in Mid-Europe, such as alternating crop rotations, irrigation strategies or plant breeding. The analysis products presented are interactively and publicly available through a product platform (www.adapter-projekt.de) for agricultural stakeholders.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to establish a critical synthesis of the dynamics of narcissistic leadership in organizations. Moreover, this paper offers suggestions for research aimed at providing greater insight into this form of leadership.Design/methodology/approach – The paper comprises a review of the latest scientific research in the field of narcissistic leadership. In strictly methodological terms, this synthesis can thus be classified as a literature review.Findings – The paper presents details of four factors that can trigger manifestations of narcissistic leadership: idiosyncratic, cultural, environmental and structural factors.Research limitations/implications – Based on a comprehensive review of the literature, this paper proposes an analysis of the dominant characteristics and dynamics of narcissistic leadership, essentially from the point of view of a pathological narcissism of the overt (grandiose) type. It would be interesting to extend the exploration to another form of narcissi...


This paper presents an N-way branch line coupler which is capable of splitting an input signal into N-way equal or unequal amplitude output signals. It consists of N parallel and 2(N-1) shunt quarter wavelength transmission lines and gives a reasonable isolation among output ports at the design center frequency.


Learning Objectives: Excess fluid accumulation, termed fluid overload, has been associated with adverse outcomes. Continued accumulation after initial resuscitation is common. While the current literature focuses on the peak value of percent fluid overload (FO%), the timing of that peak has not yet been studied. We hypothesized that timing of peak FO%, not just value, is associated with outcome. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis on a prospective, observational study of critically ill children admitted to a single tertiary intensive care unit. Patients were divided into EARLY (peak FO% between admission and Day 2) and LATE (peak FO% on or after Day 3) cohorts. Results: 177 patients were analyzed. EARLY (n=97) and LATE (n=80) had similar severity of illness scores [PRISM III EARLY: 7 (2,13) vs. LATE: 8 (5,15); p=0.13]. FO% at 48 hours was similar between the two cohorts [EARLY: 9 (3,14) vs LATE: 10 (4,15); p = 0.78]. LATE had higher peak FO% [16% (10,25), vs 11% (6,17), p=<0.001] and mortality (13% vs 2%; χ2 7.6, p = 0.006). Compared to EARLY, LATE was associated with increased length of ICU and hospital stay [ICU: 8 (4,15) vs 4 days (3,8), p <0.001; hospital: 18 (10,38) vs 12 (8,24) days; p =0.01] as well as longer duration of mechanical ventilation [3 (1,8) vs 1 (0,3) days; p = 0.002]. FO% >20 in both EARLY and LATE patients had similar hospital LOS [17 (12,31) vs 17 days (7,35), p=0.68)], ICU LOS [6 (3,10) vs 10 days (5,15), p=0.136], and mechanical ventilation days [2 (1,4) vs 4 days (0-7), p=0.31]. LATE was associated with increased risk of mortality compared to EARLY (RR 6.1, 95% CI 1.4-26.9, p = 0.02). Conclusions: In conclusion, the timing of peak fluid overload achieved is associated with patient outcome. The fluid needs for critically ill patients change over time, diminishing significantly after the initial resuscitative phase. Our preliminary data suggest continued accumulation of fluid after 48 hours, a time-point theoretically well outside the resuscitative phase of illness, is associated with poor patient outcome If acute resuscitation ends within 48 hours then why do patients continue to accumulate fluid? Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and evaluate interventions


One-dimensional consolidation equation of unsaturated soils was derived in order to solve this special case of consolidation. The presented equation, not similar to Terzaghi's equation, is a type of absolute nonlinear partial differential equation, and it was solved by finite difference method. An example was analyzed and the case of incompressible fluid consolidation was compared. Finally the experimental results from laboratory tests reported in the literature, was fitted by the presented equation, and the agreement was good. The results show that (1) the process of pore-air pressure dissipation is similar to that of pore-water pressure of saturated soils; (2) the compressibility of pore fluid is not an advantageous factor to quicken the consolidation; (3) the presented equation is effective to analyze the process of consolidation of unsaturated soils which consolidate mainly due to the dissipation of pore-air pressure.


(57) Abstract: hygiene products having an absorbent (e.g. hand washing tissue, cosmetic tissue and absorbent towels) soft multilayered tissue paper products a useful strong as is disclosed. At least one inner surface of the tissue paper product has a surface deposition enhancing agents.


The era of milineum is a multi-dimensional era that produces many influences both positive and negative. And greatly influenced by technological advancements that can not be avoided by all parties and often lead to new, interlocking conflicts such as snowballs. The outbreak of punk groups is considered a social problem of technological products where troubled young people from home, school and the environment make groups with freedom and anti-establishment and are often regarded by punk groups as independent. But what happens is a community of young unemployed people who rely on votes to sing and live unworthy on the streets and not infrequently become public unrest if there is a quarrel among punk groups that led to the killing. Punk is considered a deviant lifestyle for young people and is currently emerging as a portrait of contemporary society and became a phenomenon in all major cities in Indonesia, especially in the city of Jombang. Punk is regarded as a counter-culture movement that seeks to escape from the "Prison" of societal norms in a structural order that has become dogmatized, certainly with an ideal view of life. A number of critics have emerged as a result of the existence of punk which is no more a "Punk Rock" or out of its historical setting and a social problem. This study is an attempt to find out the reasons behind the choice of entry into the punk community, as well as the activities of the group. Of course, this research will attempt to describe the life of punk groups in Jombang city from the perspective of  psychology, social and paguei theory.


TIMSS Theme Track Map'(TTM)developed by Professor Schmidt is an important tool for analyzing the curriculum in the holistic view.The modeling method used has made up the deficiencies of traditional research methods effectively.Through tracking the evolution of the tool,we think that the international curriculum comparison based on this tool can fully reflect the similarities and differences in the topic selection and organization of curriculum in many countries.Its Ideal Scenario of Coherence for Curriculum(ISCC)has provided a completely new idea and paradigms for curriculum content research.


Computer system architecture and memory controller for tight binding in the hybrid computing system with memory · I / O controller chips added or adaptive processor interface port associated with this core logic (APIP). To said port and the primary microprocessor bus and memory access from these, it is arbitrated by the memory control circuit which forms part of the controller chip. By doing so, memory bandwidth and latency of the microprocessor and the adaptive processor in a hybrid computing system is equal. Additionally, APIP since the microprocessor bus which is separate electrical ports, it is not necessary to conform and involved in all FSB protocol. Consequently protocol overhead is reduced, as a result the amount of the resulting processable load on the interface becomes larger.


This trial consisted of a 24‐week multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, double‐dummy, active‐controlled study and a 52‐week open label extension study to assess the efficacy and safety of evogliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, compared to sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycaemic control with metformin alone.


Electrocatalytic nitrate (NO3-) reduction provides us a dual-function strategy for N-contaminant removal and value-added ammonia (NH3) synthesis. However, there is still a lack of efficient electrocatalysts for selective NO3- reduction. Herein, we report the development of Co/N-doped carbon nanospheres derived from an adenine-based metal organic framework (Co@NC) as an attractive electrocatalyst for efficient NH3 synthesis through the reduction of NO3-. Such Co@NC manifests a notable faradaic efficiency of 96.5% and a high NH3 yield of up to 758.0 μmol h-1 mgcat.-1 in 0.1 M NO3--containing 0.1 M NaOH. Moreover, it also demonstrates strong electrochemical stability.


Infusion of hematopoietic stem cells and ex vivo expanded endothelial progenitor cells augments neovascularization of tissue after ischemia and contributes to reendothelialization after endothelial injury,thereby,providing a novel therapeutic option.However,controversy exists with respect to the identification and the origin of endothelial progenitor cells.Overall,there is consensus that endothelial progenitor cells can derive from the bone marrow and that CD133/VEGFR2 cells represent a population with endothelial progenitor capacity.However,increasing evidence suggests that there are additional bone marrow-derived cell populations(eg,myeloid cells,"side population" cells,and mesenchymal cells) and non-bone marrow-derived cells,which also can give rise to endothelial cells.Mobilization and endothelial progenitor cell-mediated neovascularization is critically regulated.Stimulatory(eg,statins and exercise) or inhibitory factors(risk factors for coronary artery disease) modulate progenitor cell levels and,thereby,affect the vascular repair capacity.Moreover,recruitment and incorporation of endothelial progenitor cells requires a coordinated sequence of multistep adhesive and signaling events including adhesion and migration(eg,by integrins),chemoattraction(eg,by SDF-1/CXCR4),and finally the differentiation to endothelial cells.This review summarizes the mechanisms regulating endothelial progenitor cell-mediated neovascularization and reendothelialization.


3/ Available kinetic schemes restoration. "Missing" and "partially consumed" activation energies can be identified. Rebuilding of the full spectrum is constrained by assumptions made on HI0 and by calculated TR. Hypotheses are validated if TR vs. VRo and HI vs. VRo trends obtained with restored kinetic schemes are consistent with observed data. Computed Tmax are also calibrated (HI vs.Tmax , TR vs. Tmax, and VR0 vs. Tmax trends).


In the Light of Specific engineering data,the paper elucidates the mathematical model of converting RTK two kinds of coordinate and indicates their difference and adaptable conditions,lastly gives up to date trend and fruits of RTK position techniques.


A new overhead line relay with detectors can ascertain the maximum allowable temperature within the section of the line to be protected. Creep tests on copper allow lines with a small percentage of silver show a higher thermal load capacity. Temperature, tractive effort and humidity have a marked effect on increasing the strength of an alloy overhead line. Analyses carried out during use of the lines which have thermal protection show the effectiveness of the relay. Proposals as to how such relays could be used on suburban and main line networks.


The authors of the paper "The third-order perturbed Korteweg-de Vries equation for shallow water waves with a non-flat bottom" [1] claim that they have derived the full third order perturbed KdV equation for the case of uneven bottom. We show that the authors' derivation is not consistent due to the fact that they took into account only some of the third order corrections but not all of them. Moreover, we show that a consistent third order perturbed Korteweg-de Vries equation for shallow water waves with a non-flat bottom cannot be derived for a general form of bottom function.


This paper presents a hybridization method using Morph, a sound timbre hybridization and modeling software running on the Windows 95 platform. Elaboration occurs in Fourier space and is based on analysis/re-synthesis operations through FFT and FFT-1. The hybridization method works through the segmentation of two starting spectra in zones centered on the energy peaks. Each identified spectral zone, is numbered in increasing order so that a matching can be established between pairs of zones with the same value during re-synthesis. A full description of the Morph elaboration performance includes cross-synthesis, timbre hybridization, harmonic/inharmonic component separation and filtering. An initial catalogue of hybrid sounds has been compiled using this system, in order to tackle hybridization problems in an organic and systematic manner. The criteria used for the drafting and organization of the catalogue are discussed in the latter part of this paper.


To the authenticity of a value and / or security document with a security feature which is intended to by a user not readily be visible so that it is with its presence normally not expected to be able to verify by simple means, a method for detecting at least one is a first polymer containing created document orientation comprehensive value and / or security document. According to the process is located in or on at least one document orientation of the document, a different second of the first polymer polymer. According to the invention, the method comprises the following step: detecting the document by detecting the presence of at least the second polymer by spectral analysis in the infrared range.


('(htttillY good result. Jut the youutger uiiembeu's of this older child guoup, the (hoi('e aluiiost alii-ays follows failure of a suital)le closed niethio(l to obtaimi ou to uiiainitaiui ue(luctioun. Ofteun in the older nieuiibers of the group, surgery is used tit ounce 1)e(ti.use experieun('e has show-ui comisisteuttly inferior m'esults fromii closed treatnieuit. .A ivell founded (OuiVi(tioui that an ()perat.ioui will give a l)etteu' hiij) tiiaui auiy close(l nietlu)d of treatniemit is the fouutdatioui of i.ir itidicatiouis fot surgery, tinid this will be ttssunie(l throughout. the discussion. Sum'gery nuty he iutdictited for a frauuk dislocat iout or for a sul)luxttt ioui. It uiiay he emiiplove(l aS the first definitive proce(Iure (priniary t retttuiieunt ) om it miitty be used to utiake the best of aut umisatisfactory situat.ioui after earlier treatuiteunt (secoundttry, amid uutfort uutately oft cut salvage, treatnieutt ) . \Vhtit is suit able mi oune tireuuiist aunce uiiay i)e uutsuitable in amtotheu'. Nitnierous surgical procetiures tiutd uuo(lifi(atiouns have heemn use(I. Fhie gemnertil types are: (1) opeun reductiont, (2) shelf l)roce(lmure, (3) iununoniiuntite osteotoutiv, (4) arthroplasty, amid (5) feunoral osteotoniy. \Vith this ttrttiy of operatiomis available, the suu'geoui miiay uiee(l to 1-eui tiui(l himUsCif that the objective of tu'etttuiieutt is unot uiierely


Novel designs of skin friction and heat flux sensors have been developed based on advanced materials and processing techniques. These sensors produce dynamic, time-resolved, direct measurements of skin friction and heat flux, especially tailored towards turbulent flows. The skin friction sensors use ionic polymer transducers, which contain no moving parts, directly measure shear, and can be surface mounted with minimal flow intrusion. The sensors exhibit measurement accuracy in fluctuating shear on the order of 4.92% over a range of stresses of +/- 3 Pa and signal-to-noise-ratio on the order of 60 dB. The frequency response of the sensor is on the order of 10 kHz. An approach for automatic recalibration and error compensation based on changes of impedance has been developed. This process allows in-situ recalibration of the sensors under varying temperature conditions. The heat flux sensors are made with thin-film deposition which allows fine arrays to be created. The measured Seebeck coefficient (temperature sensitivity) of the deposited metals is 23.5 μV/oC, which closely matches that of bulk wire.


Arendt, Batty, and Robinson proved that each second-order strongly elliptic operator C associated with left translations on the Lp-spaces of a Lie group G generates an interpolating family of semigroups T, whenever the coefficients of C are sufficiently smooth. We establish that T has an integral kernel K satisfying the bounds a It ee < Kt(g; h) < at e g te where d is the dimension of G, Igh 1 l is the right invariant distance from h to g, and a', b', co', etc. are positive constants. Both bounds are derived by generalization of Nash's arguments for pure second-order operators on Rd.


Defined element-functional composition of humic acids studied by sorption capacity of humic acids in relation to ions of lead and cadmium; analyzed the functional relationship of the humic acids and their sorption capacity.


A fault diagnosis approach based on partial least squares regression(PLSR)and artificial neural network(ANN)was proposed and applied to fault diagnosis of a gearbox.A PLSR model with regard to working conditions of the gearbox was established.An ANN model was built and trained with PLSR model residual and system parameter.The ANN was tested in recognizing gearbox faults.Experimental results show that gearbox faults are effectively identified by this approach.The diagnosis result based on this method was compared with that based on principle component analysis(PCA)and ANN and the result shows that both methods have the same identification accuracy while the one proposed in this paper has higher model accuracy.


This paper develops a model of electronic service adoption in the context of Internet securities trading. Customer acceptance is an important imperative for web-based service as it influences the service's adoption. The two beliefs of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, have not fully explained users' acceptance in the context of Internet securities trading. The trust belief and the flow control component of Internet users' behavior are integrated into this study because they are important prerequisites for electronic service adoption. This research aims to further explore and determine these prerequisites. Survey research with securities trading investors reveals five factors of the antecedents of adoption: information quality, ease of use, self control, accessibility, and trust. The trust and self control benefits have a positive impact on the adoption of Internet securities trading. Information accessibility is also useful in predicting adoption, but it has a negative impact on adoption. Securities investors have a negative perception of the low speed of the Internet trading network system. Finally, perceived ease of use and information quality has no impact on adoption.


The growth rates of spherulites of selenium were estimated by the photomicrographic method in the temperature range from 80°C to 120°C. The selenium was used in the pure and the chlorinated states. At a constant temperature, the spherulite radius increased at a constant rate. The growth rate for pure selenium, logG, varied linearly with 1/T, and the apparent activation energy for growth, EA was estimated to be 24.9 kcal/mol. The apparent activation energy for growth is much larger than that for the transport of the chain molecule, which was estimated from the activation energy for the viscous flow. The linear variation in the growth rate, logG, with 1/T appeared at temperatures well below the melting point of crystalline selenium, and the apparent activation energy for growth was nearly equal to the enthalpy change for the thermal equilibrium of the opening reaction of the Se8 ring molecule. These facts indicate that the selenium spherulite growth is not a diffusion-controlled process, but a breaking proc...


On the basis of considering the minimum operating expenses of the urban logistics system,the location model of the urban logistics nodes is constructed in this paper.At the same time,the discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm for this model is proposed.Finally,the analysis of a calculation example demonstrates feasibility and high efficiency of the algorithm,and the optimum solution with higher excellence rate can be searched quickly in resolving the location problem of the urban logistics nodes.


Tazkiyaun Nafis , 122301399, 2019, " The Effect of Scientific Based Learning On Student's Reading Skill Achievment At Tenth Grade of MA Nurul Abror Pamarayan Kab. Serang " ( undergraduate Research paper, Department of English and letters, the State Islamic Studies University , " Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin" Banten). Adviser : Abdul Muin, S.Ag M.M and Dr. Hj. Anita,S.S, M.Pd
ABSTRACT
This research is mainly purposed to find out is there the effect of scientific based learning on students' Reading Skill At Tenth Grade of MA Nurul Abror Pamarayan Kab. Serang. The Scientific Based Learning is applied by experiment class and control class. The method of this research is pre-experiment research. The population in this research is the Tent grade At MA Nurul Abror Pamarayan Kab. Serang. The writer took tenth grade that consist 0f 30 Students. The writer took 30 students as sample and uses post teatment because the writer uses pre-experiment method. To analyze this research the writer uses T-test method and to get the data the writer uses observation technique, and test as instrument of research. The observation is to know the students' Reading Skill achievement At Tenth Grade of MA Nurul Abror Pamarayan Kab. Serang. while, test is to know The Effect of Scientific Based Learning On Student' Reading Skill achievement At Tenth Grade of MA Nurul Abror Pamarayan Kab. Serang. After having analysis data, there is The Effect of Scientific Based Learning On Student' Reading Skill achievement between experiment class and control class, based on the calculation is know that t table with level significance 5 % = 2,00 and with level ignificance 1% = 2,65 so tobservation n = 20,34 > t table = 2,00 or tobservation n = 20,34 > t table = 2,65.the conclusion is that the writer reject H0 : to tt. it means there is The Effect of Scientific Based Learning On Student' Reading Skill achievement At Tenth Grade of MA Nurul Abror Pamarayan Kab. Serang.
Key Words : Reading Skill, Scientific Based Learning


Therapeutic agents which affect polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) functions have the potential to reduce or increase PMN activation and, hence, influence the progression of lung inflammation. We have assessed the effects of the β 2 -agonist, terbutaline, and the methylxanthine, aminophylline, on PMN functions in vitro at both therapeutic and higher concentra- tions. At therapeutic levels, both agents increased PMN chemotaxis to formyl-methionyl- leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) in a dose-dependent manner from a control value of 22.5±3.58 cells·field-1 to 26.1±4.73 cells·field-1 with 4 mg·l-1 terbutaline, and to 26.3±4.49 cells·field-1 with 20 mg·l-1 aminophylline. When the cells were preincubated with higher doses of the agents in separate experiments there was inhibition of chemotaxis from a control value of 31.1±2.06 cells·field-1 to 18.3±0.82 cells·field-1 at 160 mg·l-1 terbutaline, and to 16.1±0.77 cells·field-1 at 400 mg·l-1 aminophylline. A similar effect was seen when the PMNs were preincubated with terbutaline and aminophylline prior to assessment of superoxide anion generation, with stimulation of superoxide release at therapeutic levels of the drugs and inhibition at higher doses (19% increase from resting control cells at terbutaline 4 mg·l-1 and 53% reduction at 160 mg·l-1; 28% increase with aminophylline 20 mg·l-1 and 22% reduction at 400 mg·l-1). Both terbutaline and aminophylline had no effect on PMN degranulation, as assessed by the degradation of fibronectin. These data suggest that terbutaline and aminophylline exert a biphasic effect on PMN functions in vitro, and may have detrimental effects on lung tissues at therapeutic levels through potentiation of PMN recruitment and activation. However, the observed effects of therapeutic doses of these agents on in vitro PMN functions were relatively small and, therefore, the clinical relevance of these results is, as yet, uncertain.


with severe and persistent alcohol and other drug problems. These same movements have influenced the cyclical ebb and flow of support for addiction treatment. At the 2001 NAADAC conference, I described two emerging movements–a New Recovery Advocacy Movement and a Treatment Renewal Movement–that, through their success or failure, will shape the future of addiction treatment and recovery in America. This article will provide a brief description of the first of these movements. A Changing Policy Context Movements ignite when the conditions spawning them reach critical mass. The collapse of 19 th century addiction treatment and mutual aid societies and the abandonment of alcoholics and addicts to inebriate penal colonies, the back wards of deteriorating state psychiatric hospitals, and the "foul wards" of urban hospitals all set the stage for the founding of Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous and the rise of advocacy movements (1944-1970) that laid the foundation for our current system of addiction treatment. That achievement was social, (changing public conceptions of addiction and the addict), political (passing landmark federal and state legislation) and technical (developing new addiction treatment modalities). The successes of the modern treatment and recovery movements were substantial. A federal, state, and local treatment partnership, the recognition of addiction as a treatable (and reimbursable) medical disorder, and the extension of intervention into the family, workplace, school and the courtroom created unprecedented access to addiction treatment and a dramatic expansion of the culture of recovery in America. But dark clouds were forming even as these successes accumulated. The professionalization and industrialization of the field of addiction treatment led to a loss of such grassroots advocacy functions as community education, recovery resource development, and policy advocacy. These functions were displaced by paid specialists in public relations, marketing, and lobbying that


The Intel PIUMA (Programmable and Integrated Unified Memory Architecture) is a scalable, massively multithreaded architecture designed to operate on unstructured data, with a global address space, fine-grain memory access and various novel features for latency hiding during data movement. Hash tables are a commonly used data structure with unstructured data, hence it is imperative that the performance and scaling for hash table usages are optimized for this architecture. We study three different hash table implementations on a PIUMA simulator to show that a dual-atomics based implementation, a unique feature in PIUMA, performs competitively both at larger scales and under hash collisions. Our implementations are able to achieve strong scaling up to 16,384 hardware threads.


The rotational spectral lines of the cyclic C3D radical in the 2B2 electronic ground state are detected in the laboratory. The radical is produced by discharging a gaseous mixture of C2D2, Co, and He, and the spectrum is observed in the 148-360 GHz region. The molecular constants including hyperfine coupling constants due to the D nucleus are determined by the least-squares analysis from 52 observed line frequencies. The frequencies of several low-N transitions needed for future radioastronomical observations are calculated from the molecular constants. 21 refs.


Given Zp where p is an integer prime, let's define G p to be the digraph whose set of vertices is Zp such that there is a directed edge from a vertex a to a vertex b if a ≡ b mod p. First, we find our own way to decide if there is a cycle of length t in a given graph G (k) p in Zp. Later, we extend our work from Zp to Z[i]/〈p〉 for p Gaussian primes. We found similar ways to determine the cycles in G (k) p in such Gaussian integer field .


Three different styles of peer review were implemented in three undergraduate plant science courses representing freshman, sophomore, and junior levels of students at the University of Wisconsin-River Falls. Student perception of the benefits from peer review instructional practices were assessed over a 2-year (2012–2014) period. Students (n = 168) completed a written survey evaluating the level of agreement or disagreement with statements related to their peer review experience of written and oral assignments for the three plant science courses. Overall, students agreed with statements that peer review was valuable, helped them better understand the assignment guidelines, and generated ideas to improve their assignment and grade. Peer review alleviated student anxiety in some instances, and the effectiveness of peer review may differ depending on course assignment and student level. Suggestions are offered for instructional challenges and considerations that may help students better participate and understand the peer review process and thus be able to benefit more from its use.


A protein factor which stimulated [3H]thymidine uptake into free hepatocytes prepared from normal mouse liver was detected in the ascitic fluid of gynecological cancer patients. The factor was subsequently further purified from the ascitic fluid of an endometrial cancer patient by DEAE‐Sephacel, Sephadex G‐150 and Phenyl‐Sepharose CL‐4B column chromatographies, and sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) showed a single protein band of 54,000 Da, designated tentatively as 54K ascitic protein (54K‐AP). 54K‐AP was similar to human Qt‐antitrypsin (α1‐AT) in terms of SDS‐PAGE and immunological behavior, but was slightly different in terms of amino acid sequence and isoelectric point. Although 54K‐AP inhibited the activities of bovine trypsin and a‐chymotrypsin as did human α1‐AT, 54K‐AP inhibited the plasminogen activator released from human endometrial cancer Ishikawa cells more efficiently than α1‐AT. Because, in contrast to normal serum, the serum from the endometrial cancer patients stimulated [3H]thymidine uptake into hepatocytes, the possibility arises that 54K‐AP could he produced hy the cancer host as a defence mechanism against the cancer.


The advent of nearly ubiquitous information infrastructures is raising two hypothetical questions conflicting each other in economic point of view. The one is that cyberspace, a parallel electronic world as a laboratory of new social and commercial practices will eventually resolve the problem of economic disparity by presenting equal opportunities to both the haves and the have-nots through the removal of barriers in terms of time and space. The other is that the problem of economic disparity will be amplified by the new rule, 'winner gets the most,' which would perhaps be unavoidable in digital economy. As an initial attempt to tackle the questions listed above, by introducing 'systems thinking' and adopting the systems dynamics simulation technique this paper puts an effort to find some tentative answers to the questions possibly raised about the impact of electronic commerce on local economy on which little research has been conducted so far. The general scheme for the dynamism of systems where two groups of electronic malls compete each other and the findings presented in the paper would perhaps provide some ideas and directions for further study


This paper views the text Ruins of the Capital as a literary and an artistic-cultural paradigm that originates from reality of the ruins of the capital but goes beyond it.It is a language and culture system,composed of symbols of literary and language,literary images,and images of literature of the ruins,which reveals the culture of the ruins.Its cultural value lies in its vivid description of the cultural atmosphere of the ruins,through which the cultural isolation mechanism has been revealed as to how the mechanism isolates the human cultures of the ruins.It reflects upon and criticizes the so-called″the culture of the ruins″that does not take the cultural humans into account.The paper points out that the ″the ruins culture″that the text Ruins of the Capital has revealed is still a serious problem with the inheritance of traditional culture and the modernization advancement in our country.