Hawking radiation can be derived from the collapsing process of matter to form a black hole. In this work, we show in more detail that the freely infalling process of a probe (D-)particle (or point-like object) in a non-extreme black hole background is essentially a tachyon condensation process. That is, a probe D-particle will behave as an unstable D-particle in the near-horizon region of a non-extreme black hole. From this point of view, Hawking radiation can be viewed as the thermal radiation from rolling tachyon on an unstable D-particle (i.e., the infalling probe) at the Hagedorn temperature. The result has interesting implications to tachyon cosmology: the uniform tachyon rolling in cosmology can automatically create particle pairs at late times, via a mechanism just like the Hawking radiation process near a black hole. So this particle creation process can naturally give rise to a hot universe with thermal perturbations beyond tachyon inflation, providing an alternative reheating mechanism.


A new interfacial reinforcing agent is introduced in the composite material of calcium carbonate/polyethylene,and it compounds with coupling agent to form a composite coupling agent,which can greatly reinforce the interfacial combination strength between calcium carbonate and polyethylene,and then greatly improve the impact strength of casting plastic products.The effects of the formulation ratio and the dose of the composite coupling agent and the content of calcium carbonate on the properties of the composite material of calcium carbonate/polyethylene are experimentally studied.It is shown that,the composite material has the most impact strength when the mass ratio of the interfacial reinforcing agent to the coupling agent in the composite coupling agent is 1∶1,the mass of the composite coupling agent is 1.8% of the mass of calcium carbonate,and the mass of calcium carbonate is 35% of the mass of the composite material.


This paper analyzes multilevel selection and its three types of dynamics,namely,nonlinear dynamics,self-organizing dynamics and co-evolution dynamics.Compared with nonlinear and self-organizing dynamics,the co-evolution dynamics establishes feedbacks of evolution between the lower level and the higher level,considering that there are variations in the micro-level.Therefore,the co-evolution is deep in the nature of evolution.It also attempts to develop a simple and heuristic multilevel evolution model which is to be analyzed by simulation.Some results from the simulation are as follows:when the feedbacks between the lower level and higher level in fitness are strong,the mutants in the lower level have little effect on the evolution of system;when the fitness of higher level is random,plus mutants in the lower level are small,the higher degree of rationality in the high level learning is,the higher efficiency of the system becomes.


A 32-year-old female patient, originally from Zambia, well as in the mesangium, and linear deposits of IgA along the basement membrane. At electron microscopy was transferred from another hospital because of acute renal failure (ARF), severe nephrotic syn-the glomerular endothelial cells contained many virus particles compatible with the HIV virus. The clinical drome (proteinuria > 25 g / day) and high fever, which developed during a short course of treatment with and histological diagnosis of HIV-nephropathy was made and further treatment with steroids was discon- isoniazid, pyrazinamide and rifampicin for extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. A kidney biopsy performed tinued. Her renal function slowly deteriorated and she died 1 year later as a result of multiple opportunistic in the referring hospital showed at light microscopy some indication of acute intersitial nephritis with focal infections. The typical clinical features of HIV nephropathy are mononuclear infiltration, and only one glomerulus which was without specific abnormalities. Serology for heavy proteinuria, absent peripheral oedema, rapid progression to dialysis-dependent renal failure without HIV and hepatitis B surface antigen were positive. The clinical diagnosis was made of acute interstitial neph-hypertension, and kidneys that on ultrasound are of normal size but brightly echogenic. Pathological ritis (AIN) possibly caused by rifampicin. Rifampicin was stopped and treatment with high-dose methyl-features are collapsing glomerulopathy with cystic dilatation of the tubules which contain large 'hard' prednisolone pulse-therapy was initiated. This resulted in a dramatic improvement of renal function and a protein casts. A di V use interstitial


Highlights This study provides data from four intermediate-scale homogeneous embankment dam internal erosion tests. Soil properties influence the breach formation process and breach timing. Results showed observed erosion rates of the internal flow path varied by several orders of magnitude. Quality control of embankment construction can greatly influence breach development. Internal erosion and embankment overtopping are the two most common causes of embankment dam and levee failures and incidents. Internal erosion is the removal of soil material by the flow of water through a continuous defect, cavity, or crack within a compacted fill and/or its foundation. Internal erosion initiates from vulnerabilities within the embankment. The embankment soil material plays a key role in both the erosion process and rate of failure, but characterizing soil properties and how they


The invention relates to a magnetic controlled sputtering ring, comprising a circular ring body made from tantalum or niobium metal, a convex junction assembled along the outer edge of the ring body, a convex rhombic pattern on the circular ring body. The sputtering ring is used on the sputtering machine using tantalum as target, and performance on every aspect reaches the requirement of design.


Capsule networks can be considered to be the next era of deep learning and have recently shown their advantages in supervised classification. Instead of using scalar values to represent features, the capsule networks use vectors to represent features, which enriches the feature presentation capability. This paper introduces a deep capsule network for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification to improve the performance of the conventional convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Furthermore, a modification of the capsule network named Conv-Capsule is proposed. Instead of using full connections, local connections and shared transform matrices, which are the core ideas of CNNs, are used in the Conv-Capsule network architecture. In Conv-Capsule, the number of trainable parameters is reduced compared to the original capsule, which potentially mitigates the overfitting issue when the number of available training samples is limited. Specifically, we propose two schemes: (1) A 1D deep capsule network is designed for spectral classification, as a combination of principal component analysis, CNN, and the Conv-Capsule network, and (2) a 3D deep capsule network is designed for spectral-spatial classification, as a combination of extended multi-attribute profiles, CNN, and the Conv-Capsule network. The proposed classifiers are tested on three widely-used hyperspectral data sets. The obtained results reveal that the proposed models provide competitive results compared to the state-of-the-art methods, including kernel support vector machines, CNNs, and recurrent neural network.


Nowadays, it is a hot topic to analyze the huge amount of data in the world. This issue also exists in the learning during students' life. The learning data are collected only to record students' learning status. As a result, most learning data are not used to improve the quality of learning for students. In this paper, we propose an order made education system, which can recommend students to select the courses they want to learn. In order to analyze students' learning behaviors, we collect students' learning data by using mobile devices.


CF fashioning, as Stephen Greenblatt has argued, constitutes an activity that includes "representation of one's nature or intention in speech or actions," it also implies a process bound up with the social and cultural forces that provide the means-as well as restrict the range-of such fashioning of individual consciousness. ' To write the self is in part to be written by the conditions that make that representation possible. But such "writing" constitutes only half of the activity by which we come to make ourselves and our texts, because those texts ultimately must be read as well-a process that metonymically duplicates the activity by which we fashion a relation to the world through socialized patterns of interpretation. Such fashioning has become almost second nature in the modern world of mass culture and communication, where the "reading" of congeries of media characterizes daily life. In the early nineteenth century, however, Americans for the first time were beginning to encounter such mass reading through the proliferation of books, magazines, pamphlets, and tracts, owing to advances in printing, increased literacy, and improved transportation, which


The invention relates to a system for controlling the temperature of a building (2) with an interior (3) and a wall (4) facing the interior (3) and with a building insulation (5) which at least partially surrounds the wall (4) surrounds, and with an outer shell (6), which closes the building (2) to the outside. According to the invention, the system comprises at least a first pipe system (7), which is mounted between the building insulation (5) and the outer shell (6), and at least one second pipe system (8), which is located between the building insulation (5) and the interior (3). is attached, wherein the two pipe systems (7, 8) are connected to a circuit (10) in which a fluid (11) can circulate. The invention also includes a method for tempering a building (2) using such a system (1).


Background: Dupilumab (DPL), a fully human anti-IL-4Rα mAb that inhibits IL-4/IL-13, is approved for treatment of adults with inadequately controlled moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. In a phase 3 study (NCT02528214), CS-dependent severe asthma patients (pts) aged ≥12 years received add-on DPL 300 mg/placebo (PBO) every 2 weeks for 24 weeks. After an 8−10‑week optimization period, oral (O)CS dose was down-titrated from Week 4 to Week 20, then maintained for 4 weeks. DPL reduced OCS use while reducing severe exacerbations and improving FEV1 regardless of baseline (BL) blood eosinophils and was generally well tolerated. Aim: Report DPL effect on pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters in OCS-dependent severe asthma pts. Methods: PD parameters: change from BL in FEV1, FeNO, eotaxin-3, total IgE, periostin and TARC at Weeks 4; 24. Results: BL biomarker values were comparable in all groups (Table). DPL rapidly improved FEV1 and suppressed biomarkers; this effect was sustained over the 24-week treatment period. Most common AE, with higher rates in DPL vs PBO, was eosinophilia (14% vs 1%); most were mild and transient. Conclusion: Systemic and airway type 2 inflammatory biomarkers remain elevated in OCS-dependent severe asthma pts. DPL improved FEV1 and showed rapid and sustained suppression of biomarkers despite larger OCS reduction, and was generally well tolerated.


In this paper, the caculating model of pile foundation accounting for bearing capacity of soil under pile cap is established. The influnces of pile spacing on load-sharing ratio, settlement and pile top force has been analyed. The result shows that load-share ratio of soil under pile cap and the settlement of pile foundation increase with the pile spacing; and the force of each pile tends to uniform with the pile spacing increasing gradually.


Background There is a relatively high failure rate of the femoral component in patients with avascular necrosis at the intermediate‐term follow‐up. Improving the geometrical fit of the femoral stem against the medullary canal may help to provide long‐term survivorship of the hip replacement for patients with avascular necrosis. Methods We designed a specific stem, based on morphometric studies of proximal femoral canals in Chinese avascular necrosis patients and evaluated the stem by finite element analyses, comparing the novel stem with two commercially available and commonly used stems. Results The morphometric data from avascular necrosis patients showed specific geometric differences in the proximal femoral canal, including profile curves in both the sagittal and coronary planes than the patients with femoral neck fracture. The shorter stemmed prostheses (Fitmore® and our stem) performed better than the longer stemmed prosthesis (VerSys®). Conclusions This is the first study to investigate the femoral geometries of Chinese avascular necrosis patients. Our stem provides better stability and is theoretically beneficial to bone ingrowth, which may increase the long‐term stability and fixation of the implant.


Absfracf-The paper deals with the application of a frequency domain microwave tomography for a multi-monostatic configuration. First we formulate the inverse problem as a linear one by the adoption of the Born Approximation. Then, the reconstruction capabilities of the solution algorithm are investigated and an optimal frequency step to be adopted for the reconstruction is determined, Finally, inversion results are presented when synthetic data are obtained from time domain simulations by Fourier transform.


In this paper we describe an approach for reasoning about typicality and defeasible properties in low complexity preferential Description Logics. We describe the non-monotonic extension of the low complexity DLs EL and DL-Litecore based on a typicality operator T, which enjoys a preferential semantics. We summarize complexity results for such extensions, called EL⊥Tmin and DL-LitecTmin. Entailment in DL-LitecTmin is in Π p 2 , whereas entailment in EL⊥Tmin is EXPTIME-hard. However, for the Left Local fragment of EL⊥Tmin the complexity of entailment drops to Π 2 . We present tableau calculi for Left Local EL⊥Tmin and for DL-LitecTmin. The calculi perform a two-phase computation in order to check whether a query is minimally entailed from the initial knowledge base. The calculi are sound, complete and terminating, and provide decision procedures for verifying entailment in the two logics, whose complexities match the above mentioned complexity results.


SUMMARY

Twenty-five field experiments on barley were done at four sites from 1970 to 1975, with an additional site in 1975, comparing five rates of nitrogen application. The crops were sampled at c. 14-day intervals from about the four-leaf stage to maturity to follow changes with time in the dry weights of the constituent plant parts and to measure fertile tiller number, grain number per ear and grain weight. Some data have been selected from this body of information and regression analysis has been used to assess the possible importance of pre- and post-anthesis growth in determining the yield of barley. Ear emergence was taken as an approximate indicator of anthesis. Yield was closely related (r=+0–96) and almost equal to the amount of dry matter accumulated before ear emergence for twenty-one of the experiments, with a regression coefficient of 0–95. In two of the remaining experiments the regression coefficient was greater, 1–14; and smaller in the other two, o-8i. Plant population is also shown to affect the regression coefficient. Despite these anomalies grain yield was more closely related to plant dry weight at ear emergence than to the increase in weight after ear emergence (r =+0–79). The increase in plant dry weight after ear emergence was frequently less than the yield of grain, suggesting that the plant can compensate for inadequate photosynthesis during grain filling. The result of this compensation is a reduction in straw dry weight. This implies that previously assimilated dry matter is transported to the grain, or that respiratory losses from the straw are not replaced by current photosynthesis. These observations suggest that yield may be limited by sink capacity rather than by photosynthesis after ear emergence. The main component of sink capacity, grain number per m2 was closely related to yield (r =+0–95) and is known to be determined at or before anthesis. Grain size was shown to be related to grain number per ear (r= 4- 0–99), suggesting that grain size is also, at least partially, determined at ear emergence. Therefore, all the yield components are determined, wholly or partly before ear emergence.


Jaboticabas are native and very popular fruit trees in Brazil. They belong to the genus Myrciaria (Myrtaceae), which includes Myrciaria jaboticaba Berg, called 'Sabara', and Myrciaria peruviana var. truncifolia Mattos, called 'Cabinho'. The effect of three substrates (sand, vermiculite and Bioplant ® ) on the germination of the jaboticabas 'Sabara' and 'Cabinho' was studied. An entirely randomized experimental design with four replications of 50 seeds, in a factorial outline 2 x 3 (two species and three substrates) was utilized. The appraised characteristics were: germination (%); index of emergency speed; length of aerial part, radicule and total (cm). The germination of 'Cabinho' was not significantly affected by the substrate, whereas vermiculite promoted better germination (77.0%) and better index of emergency speed (1.5213) of 'Sabara', which germination was higher than the one of 'Cabinho' (38.0% and 0.6923, respectively). Initial seedlings grow of the two species was better on vermiculite. 'Sabara' appear to have higher poliembriony degree than 'Cabinho'.


We have studied the precipitates in YBa2Cu3O7−δ(YBCO) thin films grown by the BaF2 process in pO2=4 Torr and 700 °C. While stoichiometric films result in BaCuO2 surface precipitates, we have found Y2Cu2O5 precipitates embedded in the matrix of the same film. Off stoichiometric films with Ba/Y<1.5 have a precipitate‐free surface but with higher abundance of Y2Cu2O5 in the film matrix. The estimated densities of the two precipitates favor a stoichiometric YBCO film matrix. This behavior is not explainable in terms of phase equilibria and is attributed to kinetic effects. The electrical properties of the films degrade as the Ba/Y ratio deviates from 2.00.


The Academic International Medicine (AIM) Congress (the Congress) is the official meeting of the American College of Academic International Medicine, a United States organization dedicated specifically to connecting academic physicians from diverse areas of expertise toward the common goals of sustainable global medical outreach and multinational clinical research and education. The organization's main focus is to promote AIM and to establish a platform for individuals, academic institutions, and a broad range of organizations to collaborate and work collectively to create a foundation for efficient and sustainable resource sharing. World-renowned experts and speakers from the AIM community attended and participated in the 2017 Congress held in Clearwater Beach, Florida, from July 28 to July 30, 2017. This year's Congress also included the participation of the Global Association of Physicians of Indian Origin, the American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin, and the OPUS 12 Foundation, Inc. Finally, the Congress featured the inaugural Annual Scientific Forum as a platform for exchanging scientific knowledge among academic experts. This report presents an overview of this major academic event, including the full listing of podium presentations from the 2017 Scientific Forum. The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Practice-based learning and improvement, Systems-based practice, Interpersonal and communication skills, Professionalism.


[W]hile one can do nothing about choosing one's relatives, one can, as artist, choose one's "ancestors.". . . Hemingway [was] an "ancestor." - Ralph Ellison (140) In July 1961, the Saturday Review devoted a special memorial issue to Ernest Hemingway, in which writers and critics from around the world paid tribute to the recently deceased author and attempted to assess his impact on their own national literatures. Although the Hemingway mystique was given heavy emphasis, many contributors also spoke to his artistic influence. The exiled Spanish political philosopher Salvador de Madariaga observed that "Hemingway's manner of writing, his direct, simple, yet forceful prose" had "exerted an undoubted influence on the new generation of Spanish novelists" (18). From Italy, novelist Carlo Levi credited Hemingway's art as fundamental "in determining the character and mode of thought of our time" (19). And Alan Pryce-Jones, the former editor of the Times Literary Supplement, asserted that there was "not a living writer in England who has been unaffected by the laconic speed of his dialogue, the subtle revelation of character that lies behind a spoken phrase" (21). Today, such claims remain undisputed; most critics take for granted that Hemingway's techniques have profoundly influenced subsequent generations of writers across the boundaries of nationality, gender, race, ideology, sexual orientation, class, religion, and artistic temperament.(1) Pryce-Jones ventured that Hemingway's art, especially his innovative dialogue, might "turn out to be his enduring memorial as a writer, whatever his fascination as a man" (21). However, in the years since his death, Hemingway criticism has focused more on the biographical, thematic, and cultural content of his work than on his narrative techniques, and while it is true that his prose style has been exhaustively analyzed and countless passages of his dialogue read for content, there exists not one single systematic or even a sustained analysis of his art of dialogue. The following essay attempts to redress that neglect. Through a close examination of passages from three stories, written between 1923 and 1927, it will show how Hemingway evolved the techniques that would change the nature of twentieth-century fictional dialogue. The passages are drawn from "Indian Camp," in which he for the first time employed the characteristic devices that distinguish his dialogue; "A Canary for One," in which he elevated banality in speech to the level of art through the extension of repetition to dialogue; and "Hills Like White Elephants," in which he blurred the line between fiction and drama, allowing dialogue an unprecedented constructive role in a story's composition. The essay concludes by assessing the historical and aesthetic significance of Hemingway's revolution in the writing of dialogue. MINIMUM SPEECH AND MAXIMUM MEANING: THE FUNCTIONS OF MODERN DIALOGUE . . . Hemingway is the one who had the most to do with my craft - not simply for his books, but for his astounding knowledge of the aspect of craftsmanship in the science of writing. - Gabriel Garcia Marquez (16) In "Notes on Writing a Novel," Elizabeth Bowen cut to the crux of exactly why modern dialogue is so difficult to write. She observes that it must imitate certain "realistic qualities": spontaneity, artlessness, ambiguity, irrelevance, allusiveness, and erraticness. Yet, behind the "mask of these faked realistic qualities," it must be "pointed, intentional, relevant. It must crystallize situation. It must express character. It must advance plot" (255). It must, in other words, be truly verisimilar - like reality, but not an actual transcription of reality itself. "Speech," Bowen goes on to say, "is what the characters do to each other"; aside from a few extreme physical acts, it is "the most vigorous and visible inter-action of which characters . . . are capable" (255). Consequently, speech "crystallizes relationships. …


Objective To investigate the expression of ezrin and merlin genes in some pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells and the influence on the biological behaviors of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell.Methods Expression of ezrin and merlin genes in pancreas ductus endothelial cell HPDE and pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells were detected using RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis.The recombinant plasmids(pcDNA3.1+HA-ezrin and pcDNA3.1+HA-merlin)were transfected into SW1990 by liposome.We observed the biological behaviors of transfected cells using MMT method,flow cytometry,transwell test and cell matrix adhesion experiment to detect the growth and proliferation,the cell cycle and apoptosis,the migration ability and matrix adhesion ability of the transfected cells.Results There was different degree expression of ezrin and merlin gene in all eight kinds of cells,and there was no relationship between the expression levels of the genes and the differentiation grades of the cell lines.Compared with control groups,SW1990-ezrin and SW1990-merlin showed slower proliferation pattern(P0.01).Flow cytometry results revealed that the exogenous ezrin and merlin could accumulate cells in G0 /G1 stage and decrease cell amounts in S phase(P0.05).Matrix adhesion ability of the transfected cell significantly decreased(P0.01).The migration ability of the merlin-transfected cell was remarkably lower than untransfected cell,but there was no significant difference between untransfected cell and ezrin-transfected cell(P0.05).Conclusion Ezrin and merlin may play a down-regulation role in the proliferation and progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell.


The relation of Q and half‐power bandwidth for antennas, Q = 1/BW, is well known. Here it is shown that 1/Q gives an accurate bandwidth for electrically small dipoles and loops. Bandwidths from 1/Q are compared with exact bandwidths, using a sinusoidal current computer model for dipoles, and a constant current model for loops. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1170–1171, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22373


BACKGROUND: Poncirus trifoliata Rafin. is widely used in oriental medicine because of its beneficiary effects on health. In this study,weexaminedthechemicalcompositionsofthevolatileoilisolatedfromtheseedsofP.trifoliatabyhydrodistillation,and tested the efficacy of the oil and various organic extracts as an antibacterial potential against a panel of foodborne pathogens. RESULTS:ThehydrodistilledvolatileoilwasanalysedbyGC‐MS.Thirty-sixcompoundsrepresenting90.67%ofthetotaloilwere identified, of which veridiflorol, spathulenol, α-humulene, α-cadinol, δ-cadinene, T-muurolol, hexadecanoic acid, germacrene D, bergaptene and aromadendrene were the major volatile compounds. The oil and the organic extracts of chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol revealed a remarkable antibacterial effect against the tested pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillussubtilis,Listeriamonocytogenes,Pseudomonasaeruginosa,Enterobacteraerogenes,Salmonellatyphimurium,S.enteritidis andEscherichiacoli.Also, the oil had strong detrimentaleffect on the viable count of the tested bacteria. CONCLUSION: Our fi ndings demonstrate thatthe oil and organic extracts derived from P. trifoliata seeds might be a potential source of a preservative for the food or pharmaceutical industries. c � 2009 Society of Chemical Industry


Intermission unsteady method was used to measure oxygen mass transfer coefficient.The biggest suction of bioreactor was examined.The influences of suction and liquid circulation on oxygen mass transfer coefficient were discussed.The oxygen mass transfer coefficients were measured of both the bioreactors with and without the membrane installed.Comparison was made among the existing bioreactors.The results show that the biggest suction can reach 0.67 m3/h.Oxygen mass transfer coefficient increase gradually as suction and liquid circulation increase.The membrane has little effect on oxygen mass transfer coefficient.JLMBR has obvious advantage over the existing bioreactors.It provides the theoretical basis for design and scaling up of the reactor.


In view of the fact that effective January J, 1993 a single European market of the EC is introduced and that traffic activities shall as well be adapted to this concept, the author points out the indispensable requirement for our country to absolutely adjust by that term its standards and regulations to those of the EC. Keeping to .the point this would understand for the segment of transport that the conditions are created towards a market-oriented behaviour of traffic/transport community. According to the. author it is necessary to define and adjust the conditions of business (earning the income) of i11dividual traffic segments on the transport service market as well as to introduce radical changes in to the concept and philosophy of the business policy of transport companies in the first place the railways.


Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is lethal due to difficulty of diagnosis at an early stage. Thus novel biomarkers of BTC precursors are necessary. Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN) is a major precursor of BTC and is classified as low and high grade based on cell atypia. In normal gastric mucosa, gastric gland mucin specific O-glycans are unique in having α1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine (αGlcNAc) attached to MUC6. Previously, we reported that αGlcNAc functions as a tumor suppressor of differentiated-type gastric adenocarcinoma and decreased αGlcNAc glycosylation on MUC6 in gastric, pancreatic and uterine cervical neoplasms occurs in cancer as well as in their precursor lesions. However, αGlcNAc and MUC6 expression patterns in biliary tract neoplasms remained unclear. Here we analysed MUC5AC, MUC6 and αGlcNAc expression status in 51 BTC cases and compared expression of each with progression from low-grade BilIN to invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC). The frequency of αGlcNAc-positive and MUC6-positive lesions decreased with tumor progression. When we compared each marker expression levels with tumor progression, we found that the MUC6 expression score in IAC was significantly lower than in low- or high-grade BilIN (P < 0.001 or P < 0.01, respectively). However, the αGlcNAc expression score was low irrespective of histological grade, and also lower than that of MUC6 across all histological grades (P < 0.001 for low- and high-grade BilIN, and P < 0.01 for IAC). These results suggest that decreased expression of αGlcNAc relative to MUC6 marks the initiation of BTC progression.


Optical manipulation has been developed into a very useful tool in the past few decays. The idea is that a strongly focused beam can trap small particles. In the late 80s, the pioneering experimental work of Burns et. al. demonstrated another weaker optical binding force between dielectric particles, which arises from the scattering of light. It was suggested that such a force can be employed for optical manipulation, but whether such optical binding force can lead to stable structures remained to be demonstrated. We show, through rigorous calculations, that the force induced by the multiple scattering of light can organize a collection of particles into stable equilibrium configurations that behave like "molecules". We called them photonic clusters.


Based on the l‐phenyl‐2,3‐dimethyl‐3‐pyraizolin‐5‐one series and on the 1,2‐diphenyl‐pyrazolidine‐3,5‐dione series of drugs, haptenic reagents and conjugates were synthesized and evaluated by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in guinea pigs, and by ELISA tests using rabbit antisera against the haptens. No cross‐reactivity between pyrazolinone and pyrazolidinedione haptenic reagents was found in any of the test systems. But also within each series, the animal antibodies showed rather strict specificities upon interaction with related haptens or drugs. These results are somewhat unexpected, because the haptens were used in connection with long and flexible spacer arms. Furthermore, they are not typical for certain other drug allergies. The strict specificity reduces the diagnostic potential of the haptenic reagents when used in serological tests or in skin testing.


This study pays attention to the principally new role of the service sector in contemporary economies and its strategic importance for the restructuring of national economies. First, the nature of the new postindustrial model of social development is revealed, the service sector being its basic characteristic. Then, the key factors for the development of the service sector in Bulgaria are identified and the evolution of its concept and significance is followed. The study also lays a stress on the transforming influence of the service sector both through its own development and through its influence upon the national economy as a whole. An analysis is given to the basic economic variables, such as investments, employment and gross added value and the positive effects which the service sector creates for other service of the economy and its overall development. Bearing in mind these facts and global economic trends and expertise, a conclusion is drawn that the successful economic development of each country depends strongly on a well-organized and efficient service sector.


The threat that currently exists in Indonesia is one of them is the threat of radicalism. Radicalism is spreading rapidly nowadays through internet media, be it social media or social messaging. Indonesian society is easily exposed to radicalism because of the lack of public education. Media literacy is needed to prevent the spread of radicalism on the internet. Media literacy is needed as a stronghold of society so that it is not easily provoked and carried away with narratives displayed on the internet. This research uses descriptive qualitative method by collecting primary data through interviews, while for secondary data with literature. The expected results are policy recommendations to the leader related to media literacy education in preventing radicalism.


In traditional integral equation method, conformal geometry discretization with adjacent edges or faces is very difficult to realize in case of complicated structures like composite conductor and dielectric. It will also lead to a very ill‐conditioned matrix because of over‐meshed elements. In this paper, a flexible, non‐conformal geometry discretization scheme based on hybrid volume and surface integral equation is developed for meshing three‐dimensional composite conductor and dielectric structures. For surface discretization of conductor, grid‐robust higher order vector‐basis functions are adopted. It keeps the flexibility of geometry modeling and reduces the number of the unknowns because of the property of point‐basis functions. For volume discretization of dielectric, non‐conformal volume‐basis functions are used. Further, the integral equation‐fast Fourier transformation algorithm is applied to expedite matrix–vector multiplication in iteration process. Some numerical results are given to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of this method. Because of truly full non‐conformal discretization scheme, the present method has no difficulty of geometry discretization and has potential for structures with complicated geometry and materials. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This paper reviews the classification of Miridae based on the various systems proposed in the literature. At a high taxonomic level, it is commonly agreed that the Miridae belong to the Miroidea, part of the Miriformes of the Cimicomorpha. However, there is disagreement on the further division of Miridae into subfamilies and infra-categories. A six-subfamily and eight-subfamily system are the most reasonable suggestions, and the latter, which was proposed and developed by Schuh, has become accepted by most heteropterists all over the world and is widely used in current publications.


This paper describes a new species, Catomus (Sinocatomus) interruptus sp. nov. from Sichuan, China. The type specimens are deposited in the Museum of Hebei University (MHBU).


There are six known phases for phosphorus at room temperature under high pressure. Only the structure of phase IV, which exists from 107 GPa to 137 GPa, remains unsolved. We performed a powder x-ray diffraction experiment and a Rietveld analysis and successfully determined its structure to be an incommensurately modulated structure by only 1 site of atomic position. High-pressure phases of halogens and chalcogens have previously been shown to have a similar modulated structure; however, phosphorus phase IV is different from them and was shown to be the third case.


Background: The aim of the present was to determine bone mineral density (BMD) in type 1 diabetic children and the roles of hemoglobin A1c, disease duration and pubertal stage on BMD changes.


Alter calculating the potential distribution and the particle trajectories in electrostatic acceler-ator tubes, a new straight tube with U diaphram to suppress secondary particles is proposed. It' sproperties are demonstrated by the high voltage tests and the γ-rays measurements in the accelerator .


The lack of safe levels of asbestos exposure and the long latency of asbestos-related disease (ARD) makes workers' health surveillance challenging, especially in lower-income countries. This paper aims to present the recently developed Brazilian system for monitoring workers and general population exposed to asbestos (Datamianto), and to discuss the main challenges and opportunities for workers' health surveillance. Methods: a descriptive study of the Datamianto development process, examining all the stages of system planning, development, improvement, validation, availability, and training of health services for its use, in addition to presenting the main challenges and opportunities for its implementation. Results: The system was developed by a group of software developers, workers' health specialists, and practitioners, and it was recently incorporated by the Ministry of Health to be used for workers' health surveillance. It can facilitate the monitoring of exposed individuals, epidemiological data analysis, promote cooperation between health services, and ensure periodical medical screening guaranteed to workers by labor legislation. Moreover, the system has a Business Intelligence (BI) platform to analyze epidemiologic data and produce near real-time reports. Conclusions: Datamianto can support and qualify the healthcare and surveillance of asbestos-exposed workers and ARD, promoting a better quality of life for workers and improving companies' compliance with legislation. Even so, the system's significance, applicability, and longevity will depend on the efforts aimed at its implementation and improvement.


This paper presents a machine vision methodology for automated quality inspection of wood boards. A pilot real-time system has been developed. It performs four-face inspection and detects and classifies the main biological and mechanical defects using standard area-scan cameras and a PC with an off-the-shelf frame grabber.


Pool fire is a major accident type of flammable liquid. In this paper, a particle system based 3D simulation model of pool fire flame is established. On this basis, a multi- point source model of pool fire thermal radiation is proposed. Each living particle in the particle system is considered as a radiation source. A study case of gasoline pool fire is simulated by this model, and the radiation results evaluated by this model are compared with those evaluated by the point source model and the measured data. Keywords-Pool fire; Particle system; Multi-point source model


Atomic section is an important language feather in multi- thread synchronizing. So far, it can only be implemented by using pessimistic or optimistic concurrent control singly. This paper introduces a flexible hybrid concurrent control system which could harmonize the two modes of concurrent control. Accordingly, a new atomic section is proposed as language level support to open an interface for both manual and compiler-assisted optimization.


Pancreatic tissue (original and recut sections) from Fischer 344 rats fed 2,6-dichloro-p-phenylenediamine in a chronic (2-year) carcinogenesis bioassay was evaluated for presence of pancreatic hepatocytes (PH) by light microscopy. PH were found in dose groups as follows: males–0 ppm (controls)–0/50 (0%), 1,000 ppm–4/50 (8%), 2,000 ppm–9/50 (18%); females-0 ppm (controls)–1/50 (2%), 2,000 ppm–15/50 (30%), 6,000 ppm–15/49 (31%). This represented a significant dose-related increased incidence of PH in 2,000-ppm males, and 2,000- and 6,000-ppm females. A statistically significant increase (p < 0.01) in pancreatic acinar atrophy and fibrosis was also seen in treated female rats, but the relationship of these lesions to the PH is unclear.


FIELD: technological processes. SUBSTANCE: one of the parts of the matrix on the workpiece feeding side is fixed, and the second one is movable and spring-loaded. The moving part of the matrix has calibration and working zones. The calibration zone is made in the form of a groove in its central part, and the working part has an L-shaped working profile and geometry corresponding to the first half of the subsequent corrugation. The working face of the fixed part of the matrix is vertically arranged. At that, the gap between the vertical plane of the stationary working part of the matrix and the vertical working plane of the forming punch is equal to the thickness of the initial sheet blank, and the spring force of the movable part of the matrix is determined according to the dependence indicated in the claim. EFFECT: increased quality of corrugated products. 5 dwg


Potential for producing viable binders at very high levels
of cement replacement (60% and above) with fly ash is
explored. The role of lime content and temperature on
the efficiency of fly ash in contributing to strength gain
is investigated using quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD)
analysis. Results of fly ash characterization are presented
using quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) to identify
its reactive potential associated with the amorphous
silica content. A new method for quantitative phase
analysis of the amorphous phase contributions in the
XRD spectrum is presented. A strength-based efficiency
factor which provides a measure of the contriubtion of
fly ash is introduced. Temperature is shown to increase
the efficiency of fly ash by accelerating the dissolution of
the reactive amorphous content. Efficiency of fly ash in
the binary high volume fly ash-cement blend is limited
by the availability of lime. Increasing the lime content in
the system provides significant enhancement in strength,
but it does not influence the dissolution of fly ash With
the availability of lime, the efficiency is limited by the rate
of contribution of reactive Silica from fly ash, which is
influenced strongly by temperature. Concrete strengths of
30 MPa and higher were achieved with 65% replacement of
cement with fly ash and total cement content of 100 kg/m3.
The strength gain in concrete is shown to be related to the
depletion of lime in the system, formation of amorphous
hydration products and the depletion of Si/Al content from
fly ash. An investigation of the underlying mechanisms
reveals the potential for further strength enhancement by
effectively engaging all the reactive components of fly ash.


The Netherlands are known world-wide for its engineered landscapes, its deep polders and bulb fields. The deep polders, up to more than 5 meters below sea level, originated by reclaiming peat lakes and peat quarries made for fuel. Its bulb fields are situated on levelled permeable dunes on which the precise water management is possible that growing bulbs requires. The Waddensea and -islands are less widely known (except by German bathers), although they are a World Heritage. The Waddensea is a highly pristine tidal landscape that already occurs along the Dutch coast for over 10,000 years and an important Natura 2000 area. The Wadden islands have an interesting history of erosion and re-growth and old cultural landscapes that show the interaction of land use and small-scale differences in geology and geomorphology during different cultural periods. Therefore, it is time to change the international perception of foreign visitors to The Netherlands and add the high variety of its historical landscapes, partly pristine and partly old cultural landscapes, to its tourism qualities.


'marry, that "marry" is the very theme' : comedy and marry-age Marriage and merriment form two points in a triangular configuration of meaning in Shakespearian comedy. The importance of the first term is well attested to in recent criticism. In Catherine Bate's phrase, Shakespearian comedies are about courtship 'if they are about anything': 'Men and women meet, match, marry and mate. This is the eternal story which Shakespeare's comedies retell again and again.' Understood as 'wit', merriment's place within Shakespearian comedy is, if anything, still more critically established. Samuel Johnson famously (if too negatively) observed it in his Preface to Shakespeare (1765): A quibble is to Shakespeare, what luminous vapours are to the traveller; he follows it at all adventures, it is sure to lead him out of his way, and sure to engulf him in the mire. It has some malignant power over his mind, and its fascinations are irresistible. Whatever be the dignity or profundity of his disquisition, whether he be enlarging knowledge or exalting affection, whether he be amusing attention with incidents, or enchaining it in suspense, let but a quibble spring up before him, and he leaves his work unfinished. A quibble is the golden apple for which he will always turn aside from his career, or stoop from his elevation. A quibble, poor and barren as it is, gave him such delight, that he was content to purchase it, by the sacrifice of reason, propriety and truth. A quibble was to him the fatal Cleopatra for which he lost the world, and was content to lose it.


Instructor responsibility system has become a basic system of graduate training in China and defined in The National Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan(2010-2020).The existing implements of the situation show that the system has played an important role in the graduate training.However,there are some conflicts between specialism of the instructor responsibility system and universality of the graduate training.In addition,it also faces several challenges,such as reform system and uniting between the external and the internal.


Coastal blue carbon activities are being implemented by a variety of countries, using different approaches. Existing regulatory regimes, including on coastal protection, are still very useful tools to protect and conserve mangroves, seagrasses and saltmarshes, and preserve their carbon value and role. These approaches suffer, however, from 'traditional' issues such as lack of enforcement, human and financial constraints as well as unclear or misguiding government mandates.
Successes are witnessed using a community-based carbon project approach, ensuring high stakeholder participation via direct or indirect incentive programmes. Comprehensive coastal zone management approaches seem very promising, but success overall, and regarding carbon specifically, are yet to be reported.
The Paris Agreement has introduced new tools which could serve as means to trigger more and better coastal adaptation and mitigation efforts. Their implementation details are, however, still under negotiation and their impacts can only be expected in a few years.


Typical petroleum and chemical industry UPS (uninterruptible power supply) distribution systems are reviewed for interrupting device selectivity during short-circuit conditions. When selectivity is not achieved, alternative solutions are proposed. Distribution system selectivity comparisons are performed for standard circuit breaker panelboards, fuse panelboards and custom panelboards utilizing hydraulic-magnetic circuit breakers. When remote panels are implemented, application considerations include oversizing feeder cables or using step-up/step-down transformers. To determine the "ride through" response of individual operating plant UPS loads, the voltage depression time during UPS distribution system fault clearing is compared with the load "ride through" capability. General guidelines are provided for improved UPS distribution system performance


High bone turnover, evidenced by high serum osteocalcin (OC) concentration, is indicated as risk of fracture in old age. However, low bone turnover has been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who also have high fracture risk. Poor glycemic control indicated by higher glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c) has been associated with lower serum OC in older Caucasian and Asian patients with T2D. There remains a gap in knowledge about effects of T2D on bone turnover status in Hispanic populations. We report bone turnover in association with glycemic control in 72 older (greater than or equal to 50 years) men (N=21) and women (N=51) from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (CCHC) in Texas. Prevalence of T2D is about 30 percent in this cohort who live in health disparity due to poor access to health care. Separate multivariable linear regression models were conducted to determine association between high/diabetic levels of HbA1c (less than 6.5 normal versus greater than or equal to 6.5 high) and serum OC after controlling for age, body mass index (BMI, greater than 30 obese versus less than 30 non-obese), visceral fat, femoral neck BMD and serum concentrations of creatinine, calcium, and vitamin D for men and women. Interaction effects were assessed while developing final multivariable model to identify factors that modify the association between HbA1c and OC. Subjects were 66 plus or minus 9 (mean plus or minus Standard Deviation) years for men and 67 plus or minus 8 years for women. HbA1c was 8.0 plus or minus 2.0 for men and 7.8 plus or minus 2.0 for women. There were no significant differences for BMI, femoral neck BMD, serum calcium or 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations between men and women. High HbA1c was significantly associated with lower OC levels in men in both age groups (mean difference in OC between high vs. low HbA1c [95 percent confidence interval] for older group (greater than or equal to 65 years) was minus 9.51 (minus 16.36 to minus 2.65) and for younger group ( less than 65 years) was minus 25.54 (minus 38.02 to minus 13.05). There were no significant associations between HbA1c and OC in women. Altered metabolic state due to poor glycemic control may be responsible for the low turnover indicating underlying structural changes leading to fracture risk. A more active younger bone with higher turnover may be magnifying the deleterious effects on OC compared to the older less active bones with longer effects of metabolic changes. Understanding impact of disease duration on bone metabolism resulting from abnormal glycemic control over time is recommended to demystify effects of HbA1c on diabetic bones.


This dissertation deals with research on the numerical modelling of electrical discharges in laboratory long air gaps excited with positive switching impulses. It begins with the preliminary work o ...


The present invention provides a novel saccharide siloxane copolymers, compared to some previously known silicone sugar, the sugar siloxane copolymer having improved stability in the presence of water. The saccharide siloxane copolymer can be used in personal care compositions.


Ice and snow friction is of great importance in life, sports, nature, and industry [1, 2]. The kinetics of ice friction is determined by such processes as adhesion, surface and pressure melting, frictional heating, creep, and fracture [3]. The question whether temperature or yield stress of ice plays the crucial role at friction is still a subject of some debate. The study [4] for the first time concludes that the reason for reduced friction is a water film, produced on the ice surface due to frictional heating. Several investigators have extensively developed this idea, since understanding of liquid film formation conditions is necessary for practical applications. According to [5], the premelting layer is formed with fluctuating domains of liquid water and solid ice that resembles the defect structure. We show the ice surface softening during friction as a result of the spontaneous appearance of shear strain caused by external supercritical heating. This transformation is described by the KelvinVoigt equation for viscoelastic medium, the relaxation equations of Landau-Khalatnikov-type and for heat conductivity. The study reveals that the above-named equations formally coincide with the synergetic Lorenz system, where the order parameter is reduced to shear strain, stress acts as the conjugate field, and temperature plays the role of the control parameter. The underlying assumption of our approach is that ice softening during friction is ensured by self-organization both of stress and strain shear components, on the one hand, and the temperature, on the other [6]. The relationship between stress and strain is well-known, with the Kelvin-Voigt model describing its simplest case. The temperature effect is caused by critical increase in the shear modulus with decrease in the temperature: modulus is equal to zero in the water, and it has non-zero value in the ice. The derived governed equations consider the above mentioned circumstances. The study of realization conditions of ice surface softening is presented according to the mechanism of continuous second-order transition. The interaction of mentioned factors results in setting in the steady state at supercritical value of thermal energy imposed in the surface layer, where the shear strain can take anomalous large values. The critical heating rate is proportional to the relaxed value of the ice shear modulus and inversely proportional to its typical value. The lubrication ice friction regime is discussed here, i.e., the model applicable to dry ice friction when the temperature is too low for ice to melt. Using the adiabatic approximation, the stationary values of basic quantities are derived. The examination of dependence of the relaxed shear modulus on strain explains the ice surface softening according to the discontinuous first-order transition mechanism. Such behavior is observed experimentally [3].


It is pointed out by scholars that "grammar have its corresponding background of semantic, and the contents what the people want to express restrict its formation", and "a word meaning can control its grammatical function and its structure mode in the sentence". This paper concretely investigate and analyze their lexical meaning and syntactical structure of "bian" and "hua", then we think the lexical meaning of "hua" have its semantic feature of "zhuanbian (轉變)", "zhuanhuan (轉換)", as a result, "hua" has a function to encode the result information, and accordingly has the model of syntactical structure of "…huawei (化爲)…" and "hua (化) +adj (complement)"; but "bian" doesn't have the encoding function in the sentences because of not having the same semantic feature.


The article deals with the idea of computer emulation using the GPGPU technology in order to get performance improvements. Basic assumptions for using stream processing in computer emulation effectively are discussed and the structure of an emulator, together with the emulation technique are proposed. The emulator structure, in this case, is of distributed nature, so the communication issues are treated too. As an example demonstrating the viability of the proposal, Random Access Machine (RAM) emulator is given within the paper.


Based on ground survey and data published previously, this paper makes the preliminary report on the medicinal mammals resources in Jinfo Mountain Natural Reserve, which says that 54 species of medicinal mammals found here belong to 8 orders, 20 families and 44 genera, of which, 5 are listed in Appendix I, 8 listed in Appendix II, 3 listed in Appendix III of "Convention of International Trade Pact on Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora"; 3 are listed in Appendix I, 11 listed in Appendix II of "List of the Key Protected Animals in China".


This study investigates the impact of digitalization adoption on tax evasion and tests the moderation effect of corruption on this relationship. The World Bank ' s digitalization adoption index is used to measure the level of digitalization adoption, and the shadow economy is chosen as a proxy for tax evasion. The research is conducted based on a comprehensive dataset including data from 133 countries. The results indicate a negative and significant relationship between tax evasion and digitalization adoption of businesses and people, which indicates that digitalization helps to reduce tax evasion. Additional results show that digitalization is highly effective in reducing tax evasion in low-cor-ruption countries compared to high-corruption countries. Our findings are potentially useful for policymakers in identifying digitalization as an effective tool for deterring financial crimes. Investment in technology can help in increasing tax revenues and allow governments to be more efficient in allocating resources.


According to the properties of pit excavation in deep filling earth layers' and traditional soil nail's defects, a cement-silicate double solution grouting soil nail was developed. The application of this new soil nail in pit excavation showed that it was a good pit excavation supporting structure in deep filling earth layer site, with high security, construction efficiency and economical benefit comparing to traditional soil nails. The cement-silicate double solution grouting soil nail was a good pit excavation supporting structure for the pit excavation in homologous earth conditions.


Endothelial damage/dysfunction may contribute to a prothrombotic state in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and the increased risk of thromboembolism and cardiovascular events. Raised plasma von Willebrand factor (vWf), an established marker of endothelial damage/dysfunction, has been associated with stroke and vascular events, at least in a clinical trial population. Soluble E‐selectin (sE‐sel) is another biomarker of endothelial activation/dysfunction, with more limited data on prognostic outcomes in AF.


A primer composition and method for improving ad hesion of polymeric material to metal ion containing substrate is provided. The primer consists of a solution of a polymer whose chain contains polar groups, such as carboxy, hydroxy, groups and the like, and non polar monoethylenically unsaturated terminal groups. The primer is applied to the surface to be treated, the solvent evaporated and the polymeric material applied and cured in the usual way. The bond tensile strength of samples employing the primer composition is sub stantially increased as compared to the bond tensile strength of samples not employing the primer compo sition of this invention.


The purpose of the study is to identify the risk factors that predict online gaming addiction based on psychological factors. A sample of 150 respondents, who play online games or played in the past, were the respondents. Structured questionnaire is used to understand gaming behavior and other psychological factors. The following factors were found to be a predictor of online gaming addiction: emotional dependence, social withdrawal, detachment from other activities, and long hours spent playing games. Confirmatory factors analysis was used to identify critical factors and discriminant analysis was used to classify respondents as active and non-active online gamer based on their level of addiction and time spent in playing. The result shows a significant gap in the perception of active and non-active gamers with respect to the above-mentioned factors. The study brings valuable insights to medical practitioners and researchers in the context of defining problematic gaming behaviour.


DNA digital data storage is an emerging technology with the potential to keep up with increasing demands in space, energy, and materials used for information storage. To make DNA storage systems more practical and cost-effective, it is crucial to determine how the physical and chemical properties of DNA affect its performance. Thus far, scientists have experimented with various DNA storage mediums and encoding techniques to maintain DNA stability. In this study, we first review existing strategies for maintaining DNA stability under various environmental constraints, organized according to the application of the storage system (Archival Storage, Working Storage, and Dynamic Storage). Then, we report on our own quantitative evaluation of the tradeoffs between storage density and DNA stability to identify the optimal system configurations for distinct storage scenarios.


On the basis of setting up the index systems, the information about sensory evaluation of cigarettes was processed by the ordering method. The results showed that the method could eliminate significantly subjective effect of panelists on the sensory evaluation of cigarettes, and describe the smoking quality of cigarettes more objectively. It was suggested that the ordering method be used in tobacco industry to treat sensory data both in quantitative and qualitative way.


Marasinghe, Meeker, Cook, and Shin (The American Statistician, 1996) used graphical and simulation techniques to construct a system of computer-based modules for teaching statistical concepts. The software component of these modules consisted of a computer program written in LISPSTAT incorporating a highly interactive user interface. The instructional component is set of a prototype lessons providing information to instructors such as a description of concepts that may be illustrated with the program and possible exercises. Since then, the addition of several new modules have enhanced the usefulness of the system. In this paper we illustrate several of these modules useful for teaching concepts as different from how sample size and confidence level affects the width and coverage of confidence intervals to how variability affects precision of experimental results.


President Frederick Chiluba of Zambia has urged researchers to find solutions to the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Africa during the 11th International Conference on AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases. The 5-day conference, which was attended by 3000 delegates, planned to map out an approach to fight the pandemic affecting 22 million people in Africa. Callisto Madavo, World Bank regional-director for Africa, demanded that African governments should make AIDS the primary focus of their development agenda. The World Bank, which recognizes AIDS as the foremost threat to African development, has made the pandemic an integral part of all its activities in the region. The stigma associated with the disease had to be eliminated, according to executive director Peter Piot of the UN program on HIV/AIDS. He said that the negative attitudes have made anti-AIDS education campaigns difficult and discouraged people from seeking testing and counseling. WHO Africa director Ebrahim Samba has called on the cooperating partners of the region to support the fight against the HIV/AIDS pandemic with resources commensurate at hand.


Damage development in the later stages of the fatigue life of a glass/epoxy non-crimp 3D orthogonal woven fabric composite has been examined using a combination of mechanical testing and damage observations. Changes in both the stiffness reduction rate and the energy dissipation per cycle suggest that there are three stages in the fatigue lifetime. Observations of damage using X-ray micro computed tomography (CT) and optical microscopy within specimens cycled to the beginning of the third stage show extensive matrix cracking extending between surface weft tows, with associated resin pocket cracking. It is suggested that the observation of extensive fibre fractures within sections of warp tows closest to z-crowns is a consequence of stress concentrations due to these cracks.


Purpose: The ACR BI-RADS 4th edition provides little guidance on how to classify microcalcifications depicted on mammogram into final assessment categories. We retrospectively evaluated whether our categorization could predict the probability of malignancy, based on histopathology and imaging follow-up. Materials and Methods: From 2004 to 2005, 83 women who underwent image-guided biopsy for suspicious microcalcifications were subjected. Each lesion was classified by the final assessment categories as category 3(probably benign finding), category 4A (low suspicion of malignancy), category 4BC (intermediate to moderate suspicion of malignancy), and category 5 (highly suggestive of malignancy) according to our criteria. The positive predictive value (PPV) of each category was assessed. Results: The final assessment categories were category 3 in 4 cases (4.8%), category 4A in 40 cases (48.1%), category 4BC in 31 cases (37.3%), and category 5 in 8 cases (9.6%). The PPVs for malignancy were 0% in C3, 7.5% in C4A, 64.5% in C4BC and 87.5% in C5. Conclusion: Our categorization correlated well with the suggested probability of malignancy in the BI-RADS. It is thought that the application of the subcategories, 4A and 4BC, is of help to stratify the probability of malignancy of lesions requiring biopsy.


The present article is a continuation of an article in which research that was conducted in 1993 was used as the basis for examining the life plans and moral attitudes of adolescents who were completing the so-called basic school [1]. In the course of the study we also surveyed young men and women who were completing secondary school in the spring, and we determined their actual life situation as of October 1, 1993, which made it possible to compare their plans with how their plans actually worked out.


We present a Monte-Carlo optimization technique for finding system behaviors that falsify a metric temporal logic (MTL) property. Our approach performs a random walk over the space of system inputs guided by a robustness metric defined by the MTL property. Robustness is guiding the search for a falsifying behavior by exploring trajectories with smaller robustness values. The resulting testing framework can be applied to a wide class of cyber-physical systems (CPS). We show through experiments on complex system models that using our framework can help automatically falsify properties with more consistency as compared to other means, such as uniform sampling.


In this paper we consider fractional Sobolev spaces equipped with weights being powers of the distance to the boundary of the domain. We prove the versions of Bourgain--Brezis--Mironescu and Maz'ya--Shaposhnikova asymptotic formulae for weighted fractional Gagliardo seminorms. For $p>1$ we also provide a nonlocal characterization of classical weighted Sobolev spaces with power weights.


For finding out the reasons of disqualification of Q345R steel plate by ultrasonic detection,the investigation of macrostructure,microstructure,SEM and fracture of the steel plate were carried out.The results show that the main reason is the microcrack induced by aggregation of MnS and nitrides as well as the martensite and bainite in the center of plate.


PURPOSE: A method for evaluating the durability of cement mixed soil is provided to prevent a large weight loss of the cement mixed soil in a testing process and to evaluate the durability of the cement mixed soil by using an existing ultrasonic generator with a relatively simple method. CONSTITUTION: A method for evaluating the durability of cement mixed soil comprises: a step(S11) of manufacturing the cement mixed soil; a step(S13) of measuring the initial dry weight of the cement mixed soil; a step(S16) of applying vibration to the cement mixed soil by generating ultrasonic waves with an ultrasonic generator; a step(S19) of measuring the dry weight after applying vibration to the cement mixed soil; and a step(S20) of determining an index of the durability of the cement mixed soil by calculating a percentage of the dry weight after applying the vibration to the cement mixed soil with respect to the initial dry weight. [Reference numerals] (AA) Start; (BB) End; (S11) Step of manufacturing cement mixed soil; (S12) Step of curing and drying the cement mixed soil; (S13) Step of measuring the initial dry weight of the cement mixed soil; (S14) Step of immerging the cement mixed soil in water; (S15) Step of arranging the cement mixed soil in an ultrasonic generator; (S16) Step of generating ultrasonic waves in the ultrasonic generator to apply vibration to the cement mixed soil; (S17) Step of taking the cement mixed soil out of the ultrasonic generator; (S18) Step of drying the cement mixed soil; (S19) Step of measuring the final dry weight of the cement mixed soil; (S20) Step of calculating the percentage of the final dry weight to the initial dry weight to determine the durability index of the cement mixed soil


Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a life-threatening condition and a rare complication of pulmonary embolism [1]. It is characterised by increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), due to unresolved fibro-thrombotic material obstructing large pulmonary arteries, and secondary microvasculopathy. Various factors are suspected to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of CTEPH, including inflammatory thrombosis, dysregulated fibrinolysis and deficient angiogenesis [2]. The gold standard therapy is a surgical approach, namely pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA), consisting of removal of obstructing fibro-thrombotic material. Although long-term exposure to air pollution might influence several factors potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of CTEPH, including pulmonary and systemic inflammation, pro-thrombotic changes, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and vasoconstriction [3, 4], no study so far has investigated the relationship between air pollution and CTEPH. Interestingly, epidemiological and translational data supports the plausibility of a link between air pollution exposure, right ventricle failure and pulmonary hypertension (PH) [5–7]. Moreover, exposure to traffic-related air pollution was recently demonstrated to be associated with disease severity and impaired survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), characterised by progressive occlusion of precapillary arteries [8]. Eventually, a potential role of air pollution as a risk factor for developing venous thromboembolism has been suggested [9]. We consequently hypothesised that exposure to common air pollutants, including particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 or 10 µm (PM2.5, PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC) and traffic-related air pollution, could influence the progression of CTEPH and interfere with disease outcomes. This retrospective cohort study showed that both persistent postoperative pulmonary hypertension and systemic inflammation were associated with previous exposure to air pollutants in CTEPH patients https://bit.ly/39tUy2l


ObjectiveTo investigate the clinicopathological features of adult type pulmonary blastoma(PB). MethodsFivecases of adult type PB were analyzed by reviewing the history records, reading HE slides and follow-up.ResultsThe average age ofthe patients with pulmonary blastoma was 45 years. And the average survival time after operation was 12.7 months. All the cases wereperipheral type. Histologically, four cases of five were biphasic type, and only one case was epithelial type. Conclusions Theadult type PB is a malignancy with very poor prognosis.


Portable ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus according to the present invention, supplies a measurement depth setting unit for setting a measurement depth to be measured, the voltage applied to the pulse generator in accordance with the measurement depth is set, it is set as the small measurement depth, to generate an electrical pulse applying the more voltage supply unit supplying a small voltage, the ultrasonic transducer to generate ultrasonic waves, but correspond to a voltage supplied from the voltage supply unit characterized in that it comprises a pulse generator for generating electrical pulses of voltage.


The invention provides a mounting structure of an anti-lock braking electromagnetic valve. The mounting structure comprises a bracket body and an anti-lock braking electromagnetic valve, wherein the bracket body comprises a fixed plate connected with an automobile frame, a first mounting plate connected to one side of the anti-lock braking electromagnetic valve, a second mounting plate connected to the other side of the anti-lock braking electromagnetic valve, and a connecting plate through which the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate are connected. According to the mounting structure of an anti-lock braking electromagnetic valve, disclosed by the invention, the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate are respectively connected to both sides of the anti-lock braking electromagnetic valve, so that both sides of the anti-lock braking electromagnetic valve are better supported; when an automobile vibrates, the vibration of the anti-lock braking electromagnetic valve is smaller, the connection between the anti-lock braking electromagnetic valve and the bracket body is unlikely to loosen or fracture, so that the anti-lock braking electromagnetic valve is further firmly fixed. The invention further provides the automobile.


Based on the information obtained during the period of overseas advanced study, the author introduced advanced nursing practice, a new trend in the development of world nursing practice and its advanced practice nurses in detail in such aspects as its concepts, evolving background, characteristics, core value, roles, functions, practice requirements and education. The tasks, training pattern, curriculum establishment, education requirements and teaching quality of clinical nursing specialists of our own advanced nursing practice roles was proposed.


I presented my hypothesis, in 1980. I announced at the physical society of Japan of Fukushima University. Dark energy discovery 18 years ago, I announced the pulsation principle of particle hypothesis JPs annual meeting was held in Fukushima University in 1980, no dark energy term,. The concept of rarefied energy rallied and even to each other, was named energy atmospheric in the hypothesis space to meet the equivalent as the dark energy was named after.


This paper considers a problem with objective function of minimal risk at the target term of investment.Using a tractable auxiliary problem,we transform the inseparable multi-period hedge problem into a separable problem which can be solved by dynamic programming.As a result,we deduce the analytical expressions of multi-period hedge portfolio policy,the efficient frontier,as well as the best hedge ratio each period and hedging efficiency at expiration date.Finally,an empirical research is made in the gold market,it proves that,compared with the traditional mothed,our mothed can boost hedging effectiveness,especially when two capital's correlation declines.


A problem that appears in a retail industry with a great quantity of customers is how to identify potential customers. A retail industry could identify their best customer through customer segmentation by applying data miningand c ustomer r elationship m anagementconcept. This paper presents data mining process from customer's data in retail company by combining fuzzy RFM model with f uzzy c - m eansand f uzzy s ubtractive algorithm. The dataconsisted of 3.000.000 rows of transaction data from 2006 to 2010. The data transferred to 499 RFM data for each time period selected. Experiments tried two to six clusters by changing the value of cluster number (FCM) and radii( f uzzy s ubtractive). The clustering result will then be classified to determine customer segmentation using fuzzy RFM models. The m odified p artition c oefficient and p artition e ntropy index e s used to evaluate the performance of both clustering algorithm.The results indicate that FCM has a higher validity rate than f uzzy s ubtractive. Fuzzy RFM segmentationindicates that f uzzy s ubtractive can not form a cluster that are categorized as potential customers, therefore FCM is more appropriate for customer segmentation in retail industry.


Culturally Competent  Demonstrates intercultural awareness and understanding.  Communicates effectively across cultures.  Integrates multiple perspectives and values.  Leverages differences. Performance Driven  Drives excellence and sets high standards.  Communicates explicit expectations.  Demands accountability.  Promotes innovation.  Demonstrates results orientation. People Centered  Models high emotional intelligence, self‐awareness, and self-confidence.  Invests in and develops others, unleashes talent in others.  Practices "shared leadership."  Effectively integrates work and personal life. Values Oriented  Demonstrates integrity and authenticity.  Models and demands ethical behavior.  Inspires trust.  Demonstrates wisdom and seeks common good.  Builds and maintains relationships. An Integrative and Strategic Leader  Develops and communicates comprehensive vision, strategy and clear purpose.  Builds collaborative relationships with multiple stakeholders.  Actively seeks external inputs.  Proactively manages change. Culture of Health (not rated FY15)  Supports employees in being active during the workday.  Encourages employees to eat well, including promoting healthy food options at office events.  Promotes work-life fit, such as discussing flexible work arrangements that support all aspects of employees' lives.  Encourages employees to work healthy, including encouraging education about ergonomic solutions.  Empowers employees to engage in learning opportunities and show appreciation for their work.


Interrelationships of nutrients 31 discuss this in his paper, is the selection of criteria for measurement. Traditionally body-weight gain and food conversion efficiency ratio have been employed as criteria in animal studies. Indeed these are eminently suitable criteria in the field of animal husbandry or at least in that portion of it concerned with meat production. But in human nutrition, we tend to look toward biochemical alterations with the hope that they may prove to be more sensitive criteria. Frequently 'tissue saturation' as measured by the 'load test' has been considered a suitable measure of nutritional status. These three types of measurement do not necessarily give the same answer. This may be illustrated by some data we have accumulated on vitamin B, in the rat. Some years ago we were interested in factors affecting tissue levels of the vitamin. We noted that, when pyridoxine hydrochloride was administered by daily subcutaneous injection to rats otherwise deprived of the vitamin, maximal liver vitamin B, concentrations were obtained at a dosage of 15-25 pglday; body-weight gain was still increasing at 25 pg/day. Recently we have carried out a similar type of study, this time comparing blood transaminase activities and body-weight gain. We obtained a maximal body-weight response with about 40 pg pyridoxine hydrochloride/day, but transaminase activity was still increasing at the 80 pg level. One wonders then which criteria should be used in studying interrelationships-ability to store or retain the nutrient (seen here at 20-25 pglday), ability to increase body-weight (40 pg/day), or maximal activity of an enzyme dependent upon the nutrient (in excess of 80 pgl day). One might, and should, also consider the use of histological criteria. The other problem we face is obvious-what should we study. With more than forty dietary constituents now established as being utilized by one species or another, the number of combinations that might be studied is virtually infinite. I t has frequently been said that the science of nutrition is in its infancy. In the area of nutrient interrelationships I am sure that we must agree this is true. But from the programme of this Symposium, I am sure that we will also agree that it is rapidly coming of age.


In semiconductor manufacturing, wafers are grouped into lots and sent to a separate facility for assembly and test before being shipped to the customer. This paper investigates the daily scheduling of such lots in a re-entrant flow environment where it is necessary to plan for several passes of the same lot through the system. Up to a dozen operations are required during assembly and test and many are performed by the same equipment. Work in process lots that have more than a single step remaining in their route are referred to as multi-pass lots. The scheduling problem is to determine machine setups, lot assignments, and lot sequences to achieve optimal output, as measured by four objectives related to key device shortages, throughput, machine utilisation, and makespan, in that order. When more than a single pass is considered, it is not possible to develop an efficient mathematical model to represent the decision process. To find solutions, we take a multi-stage approach, first applying a reactive greedy randomised search procedure (GRASP) to develop a schedule for the current lots waiting to be processed, and then using a similar procedure to schedule additional passes and changeovers. The performance of the methodology is evaluated using data provided by a leading semiconductor manufacturer for instances with up to 36 machines, 284 tooling pieces from six families, and 1036 lots. The results indicate that, on average, multi-pass scheduling improves the weighted sum of lots processed by 40% and machine utilisation by 11% compared to the results obtained with the single-pass algorithm.


The invention relates to an application of total anthraquinone and a composition thereof to treatment of Alzheimer's diseases. The total anthraquinone comprises free anthraquinone, combined anthraquinone, anthrone, sugar, tannin or a mixture of the materials.


Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the people with early primary liver cancer(PLC) for providing a reference for the prevention. Methods Total of 850 patients with early PLC were used to screen the epidemiological characteristics, such as age, TNM stage, occupation, pathology type, tumor size and residential areas by descriptive analysis. Results In the 850 patients, hepatocellular carcinoma cases were 417(49.18%), 30 cases(3.53%) were intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, 8 cases(0.94%) were adenocarcinoma, 13 cases(1.53%) were the other pathology types and 381 cases(44.82%) were pathology not specifically. The patients with early PLC in urban were 282 and that in rural were 568. The difference showed statistical significance(χ2 = 11.275, 41.995; P = 0.001, P 0.001) among the different groups in year of diagnosis(2004-2008 vs. 2009-2013) and occupation, but there were not statistical significance in gender, age, tumor size, TNM stage and pathology types(χ2 = 0.082, 0.613, 3.184, 1.803, 0.376, all P 0.05). Conclusions The rural people are susceptibility to PLC than urban, and the main pathology types are hepatocellular carcinoma in this study. Early PLC patients increased significantly in recent years, new detection technology related to the effective prevention and control measures should be taken at the same time.


The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) ShakeCast system—a freely-available, post-earthquake situational awareness application—has been significantly upgraded and re-released (Version 3, late 2013). The updated software release coincides with porting ShakeCast to "the cloud". By employing cloud-hosted services, users now have a low-cost alternative to local hosting by offloading hardware, software, and communication obligations to the cloud. Cloud-based ShakeCast deployment and implementation greatly simplifies user installation and operations and significantly reduces the need for customer support by the USGS. The "Shakecast Cloud" strategy also improves operational reliability and robustness, simplifies offsite operations, and is scalable and secure. The recent ShakeCast software upgrade also includes a full statistical fragility analysis framework for general structural assessment of structures, significant improvements in the graphical user interface sporting a new console view for operation centers, and custom, user-defined hazard and loss modules. On the hazard input front, ShakeMap-related improvements and ongoing advancements in estimating the likelihood of landslides and liquefaction allows ShakeCast to evaluate these secondary hazards to structures, facilities, bridges, and along roadways, which significantly broadened the utility of the system in the post-earthquake environment. With the latest, simplified, cloud-computing deployment and increased functionality, the ShakeCast user base continues to expand.


In this study, a waterproof material was used to fabricate microcapsule by interfacial curing reaction to encapsulate an alkaliphilic spore-forming bacterium. The technical feasibility of encapsulated spores and the influence of three kinds of curing agent on the calcium precipitation activity (CPA) of the bacterium were studied. Furthermore, micromorphology of microcapsules was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Afterwards, the thermal stability and thermolysis temperature were determined by TGA thermal analyzer. Moreover, the CPA of broken/ unbroken microcapsules was evaluated. In addition, water resistance was evaluated by adding microcapsules in the water for 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days. Finally, light microscope was applied to trace the self-healing behavior of encapsulated mineralization bacterium in cement paste specimens. The results showed that compared with unbroken microcapsules, higher CPA was achieved by breaking the microcapsule to release the bacterium, suggesting good protection for the encapsulated spores. Three curing agents showed nearly similar influence on the spores, while KH792 performed relatively better, and thus was used to fabricate microcapsule with the core/shell weight ratio being 1:1. Our results also indicated that ER microcapsules could keep unbroken in the water for 2 months. Compared with the specimens without embedded bacterium, the healed crack area of specimens embedded with bacterial microcapsules was monitored, suggesting effective self-healing of concrete crack can be achieved by introducing encapsulated mineralization microorganisms into concrete structures. Therefore, we put forward that this waterproof epoxy resin microcapsules could be potential for the application of self-healing concrete.


Abstract  Seismic reflections across the accretionary prism of the North Sulawesi provide excellent images of the various structural domains landward of the frontal thrust. The structural domain in the accretionary prism area of the North Sulawesi Trench can be divided into four zones: (i) trench area; (ii) Zone A; (iii) Zone B; and (iv) Zone C. Zone A is an active imbrication zone where a decollement is well imaged. Zone B is dominated by out‐of‐sequence thrusts and small slope basins. Zone C is structurally high in the forearc basin, overlain by a thick sedimentary sequence. The subducted and accreted sedimentary packages are separated by the decollement. Topography of the oceanic basement is rough, both in the basin and beneath the wedge. The accretionary prism along the North Sulawesi Trench grew because of the collision between eastern Sulawesi and the Bangai–Sula microcontinent along the Sorong Fault in the middle Miocene. This collision produced a large rotation of the north arm of Sulawesi Island. Rotation and northward movement of the north arm of Sulawesi may have resulted in southward subduction and development of the accretionary wedge along North Sulawesi. Lateral variations are wider in the western areas relative to the eastern areas. This is due to greater convergence rates in the western area: 5 km/My for the west and 1.5 km/My for the east. An accretionary prism model indicates that the initiation of growth of the accretionary prism in the North Sulawesi Trench occurred approximately 5 Ma. A comparison between the North Sulawesi accretionary prism and the Nankai accretionary prism of Japan reveals similar internal structures, suggesting similar mechanical processes and structural evolution.


Dual‐specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP‐5) is a phosphatase that specifically dephosphorylates both phosphoserine and phosphotyrosine residues of MAPK. The dysregulated activation of MAPK contributes to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. This study was undertaken to investigate the therapeutic potential of DUSP‐5 in preventing the development of autoimmune arthritis in an animal model.


The corset effect is an experimentally established dynamic confinement phenomenon first observed by field-cycling NMR relaxometry and transverse NMR relaxation in polymer melts in pores with dimensions ranging from a few nanometers up to 0.06 micrometers or even more. The techniques employed are specifically sensitive to rotational fluctuations of polymer segments. It will be shown that neutron scattering and other methods probing translational fluctuations are not suitable for the detection of this phenomenon.


The paper is devoted to the formation of a system of reliability indicators for joints and rail crossings. Reliability indices related to the groups: reliability, durability, maintainability, safety, are considered. Since the joints and crossings of rail tracks consist of a system of elements, a model of functioning, in particular turnout, is built for their analysis. As a comprehensive indicator of reliability, it is advisable to use the availability factor - the probability that the object will be in working condition at an arbitrary time moment, except for periods of scheduled maintenance, and will work without fail during the periods between scheduled maintenance works. The basis of the methodology for determining the readiness coefficient of the turnout economy of an infrastructure object can be the concept of a reference turnout. As a reference turnout, it is advisable to take the most widespread type of turnout products used on the railroads of a particular infrastructure owner. Reliability indices of specific types of turnout products operated at specific places of track development of stations can be determined using a system of coefficients that take into account the design features of this turnout and the conditions of its operation. The greater the availability factor, the more reliable the transportation process is.


By analyzing the factors which influence the joints of weather proofing silicone sealant,the sealant joints will undergo contraction,extension,vertical stretch and transverse extension under thermal displacement and other influencing factors,it is pointed out that various displacements should be considered when designing the width and depth of sealant,and the practical calculation formula is deduced to guarantee durability and beautiful appearance of the sealant joints.


Metrac is Control Data's trade name for its ground-based radio location system. The positioning system makes use of the Doppler principle in order to track an inexpensive, expendable transmitter. The electronics required to implement the system consists of a lightweight balloon-borne transmitter, four or more receivers, and a central command console. A prototype system has recently been built and evaluated for the Environmental Protection Agency for possible use in the Regional Air Pollution Study Program. This paper presents a brief description of the system and some of the results of a field test of the prototype system conducted in Minneapolis. The field test consisted of a comparison of wind profiles derived from the system with wind profiles derived from simultaneous rawinsonde and theodolite tracking. The results presented In this paper demonstrate the great accuracy and high resolution of low level winds measured by the prototype system. The body of information presented in this paper is directed t...


Beat-to-beat variation of heart rate is reflective of autonomic balance and has been used to assess pain and stress in human beings. The purpose of this investigation was to pharmacologically manipulate the autonomic nervous system and to determine the effect of these manipulations on heart rate variability (HRV) in dogs. Four adult male hound dogs (27 ± 1 kg) were used in the investigation. Each dog was given five treatments: Parasympathetic blockade (glycopyrrolate; 0.01 mg kg–1 IV and 0.01 mg kg–1 IM), parasympathetic stimulation (phenylephrine; 0.005 mg kg–1 IV + 0.05 mg kg–1hour–1), sympathetic blockade (propranolol; 0.11 mg kg–1 IV), sympathetic stimulation propranolol; 0.01 μg kg–1 minute–1), and saline control. At least 48 hours were allowed between treatments. ECG recordings were obtained using an ambulatory ECG monitor. A 5-minutes period of continuous recording obtained ~30 minutes after initiation of drug administration was used for data analysis. Changes in HRV were evaluated by time and frequency-domain analysis. The standard deviation of normal R-R intervals (SDNN), as well as the standard deviation of successive differences in RR intervals (SDSD) were assessed for each treatment. Low frequency (LFP; 0.05–0.15 Hz), high frequency (HFP; 0.15–0.35 Hz), and total (TP; 0.017–0.5 Hz) spectral power were also determined. The LFP:HFP ratio was also evaluated. A two-way anovawith a Tukey's test was used to detect differences (p < 0.05). Administration of glycopyrrolate or isoproterenol increased HR and decreased SDNN and SDSD below control levels. Phenylephrine or propranolol administration were without effect. LFP was diminished by glycopyrrolate and isoproterenol, but was unaffected by phenylephrine and propranolol. HFP, TP, and LFP:HFP were unaffected by treatment. Both branches of the autonomic nervous system influence SDNN and LFP. SDSD, in contrast, is altered primarily by parasympathetic activity. Thus, it appears that parasympathetic activity modulates HRV in the resting dog, as either withdrawal of parasympathetic influence or accentuated sympathetic activity led to significant changes in these measures of HRV. Conversely, augmentation of parasympathetic activity or withdrawal of sympathetic tone minimally affected HRV.


Background: The aroma chemistry and the contribution of the aroma compounds to the anti-oxidative properties of roasted yam have yet to be characterized. The growing


The standard introductory course for the science and engineering students is too often completely crammed with formulas and problems and gives the beginning student no idea whatsoever of the excitement of physics, and of its philosophy, history, and research frontier. Several new introductory courses have made a fresh start and attenpted to introduce the excitement of research physics. However, very little effort has been expended on the other problem, that of making the beginning student aware of the philosophy and history of physics. This objective can be accomplished by a series of selected readings in the original literature and in the literature of the philosophy of physics. The author of this paper has experimented for several years with collateral reading of this nature in the introductory course and the results have been excellent.


of the National Health system towards more bureaucratization is &dquo;distressing&dquo; (286), but there is not even the slightest hint as to how medical dotcors are reacting to it. Neither the on the whole rather conservative medical professional associations hardly champions of participative democracy nor medical training as professionalization processes are more than barely mentioned. It is taken for granted that physicians who


Today's and future electric power generation is characterized by a large diversification using all kind of sources, including renewables resulting in noncoherent fluctuations of power supply and power usage. In this context, gas turbines offer a high operational flexibility and a good turn down ratio. In order to guide the design and down select promising solutions for improving partload emissions, a new combustion model based on the assumption of two separate timescales for the fast premixed flame stabilization and the slow post flame burnout zone is developed within the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code ANSYS CFX. This model enables the prediction of CO emissions generally limiting the turn down ratio of gas turbines equipped with modern low NO x combustion systems. The model is explained and validated at lab scale conditions. Finally, the application of the model for a full scale analysis of a gas turbine combustion system is demonstrated.


In this paper, the on-going process of language policy-making in Suriname is dealt with using quantitative data obtained from students as well as teachers in primary and secondary schools. The Republic of Suriname is a former Dutch colony on the Caribbean coast of South America. Suriname shelters around 20 languages. Dutch is the official language since 1667, while Sranan is the local lingua franca among the various ethnic groups. The languages other than Dutch are restricted mainly to domestic and rural domains and they are hardly used in public institutions like schools. Most children acquire one or more languages in the home and are exposed to multiple other languages in society. Upon starting school they are submerged in Dutch-medium education. In line with Surinamese Ministry of Education's request, we carried out a country-wide home language survey with 22,643 students and 3785 teachers in primary and secondary education. The outcomes of the surveys are evaluated against the language policy discussions in Suriname.