This article examines how adivasis in Assam assert their sense of belonging to the land. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted along the foothills bordering Assam and Nagaland, I present the everyday lives of adivasi villagers in a militarised landscape and examine how adivasi belonging and identity are constructed in a political milieu where ideas of indigeneity and territoriality are deeply internalised. I look into how adivasi accounts highlight the weaving together of the histories of the tea plantations and social alliances with neighbours in the villages. I argue that these narratives are used to assert rights and claim an identity of belonging. Specifically focusing on adivasi accounts situated outside the tea plantations in Assam, this article seeks to contribute towards scholarship about everyday practices of belonging, memory and social relations in Northeast India and beyond.


This paper examines settlement density and settlement patterns in the Roman colonial territories of Venusia, Cosa and Aesernia, located in three different landscapes of central southern Italy (modern Basilicata, Tuscany and Molise). Using a series of GIS tools, we conducted a comparative analysis of the density and spatial distribution of sites dating to the Hellenistic period (ca. 350–50 b.c.). We used the legacy settlement data collected by previous large-scale, intensive, site-oriented field surveys to test the validity of two competing rural settlement models of early Roman colonization: the conventional model of neatly organized settlements regularly dispersed across the landscape and the recently proposed theory that colonists adopted a polynuclear settlement strategy. After calculating the extent to which the archaeological datasets conform to the regular or polynuclear model, we conclude that only a very small portion of the colonized areas actually meets traditional expectations regarding the organization of early colonial settlements. Our analyses show that the legacy survey data is more consistent with the polynuclear settlement theory, but the data also reveals some completely unexpected patterns, suggesting that early Roman colonial landscapes were more diverse than previously thought.


The non-linear behavior of human erythrocytes subjected to shear stress was
analyzed using data series from the Erythrocyte Rheometer and a theoretical model
was developed. Linear behavior was eliminated by means of a slot filter and a sixth
order Savisky-Golay filter was applied to the resulting time series that allows the
elimination of any possible white noise in the data. A fast Fourier transform was
performed on the processed data, which resulted in a series of frequency dominant
peaks. Results suggest the presence of a non-linear quadratic term in the Kelvin-
Voigt phenomenological model. The correlation dimension studied through
recurrence quantification analysis gave C2=(2.58±0.08). Results suggest that the
underlying dynamics is the same in each RBC sample corresponding to healthy
donors.


From June 23 to July 17, 2021, the Days of Culture of Canada were held in Moscow, organized by the All-Russian State Library of Foreign Literature named after M. I. Rudomino, the Embassy of Canada in the Russian Federation and the Russian-Canadian Center "Moscow-Quebec" RSUH. The purpose of this large-scale cultural event, timed to coincide with three state Canadian holidays: the Day of the Indigenous Peoples of Canada (June 21), Quebec Day (June 24) and the National Day of Canada (July 1), was to introduce the Russian public to various aspects of Canadian culture
Lectures by Canadian and Russian researchers, meetings with authors, master classes, exhibitions, and displays of works of musical and visual culture were held in a mixed format. During the presentations, the historical and geographical features of individual Canadian regions and provinces were covered in detail: Quebec, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, the Rocky Mountains, the Arctic. Most of the events were broadcast on the portal "Culture. RU".
There is no doubt that during the Days of Culture of Canada, the Russian public was enriched with knowledge about literature, history, geography, ethnography, languages, philosophy, visual art of this region of the planet, which in turn will contribute to the expansion of Russian-Canadian cooperation in the field of science, education and culture.


In this short afterword, Ela Przybylo reflects on prevailing trends within asexuality studies, suggesting that consistent features are emerging within an otherwise diverse interdisciplinary field. It is increasingly possible to construe asexuality studies as what Bogaert (2012) calls 'a new lens', with important theoretical and methodological implications, which will be of potential utility to researchers working on a broad array of issues relating to sexuality and society. Asexuality, as this special issue of Psychology & Sexuality aptly demonstrates, is expanding as a topic of study, providing a new set of tools and questions for reading sexual histories, cultures, identities and practices. At the same time, it is clear, even at these early stages of academic explorations of asexuality, that researchers working on asexuality approach it from sundry disciplines and schools of thought, including by way of feminist and queer theory (Cerankowski & Milks, 2010; Kim, 2011; Przybylo, 2011), sociology (Carrigan, 2011; Scherrer, 2008) and psychology (Bogaert, 2004; 2012; Brotto & Yule, 2011; MacInnis & Hodson, 2012). The question that I will briefly take up in this short piece, then, is whether or not there are any consistent features that distinguish work on asexuality, of the last few years, from other work on sexuality, broadly speaking? Also, I wish to consider whether it is possible that there is a consistency of perspectives and politics in spite of the interdisciplinary and, in many ways, variegated approaches to studying asexuality? And, crucially, how can we begin thinking about 'asexuality as a method', or as Anthony Bogaert (2012) recently wrote, as 'a new lens', amongst such an interdisciplinarity of approaches (p. 6)? I believe that it is possible to identify at least three, if not more, features that characterise existing research on asexuality. First, research work on asexuality since, and including, Bogaert's (2004) article, has been asexual-positive in the sense that it has been sympathetic to the existence, validity and legitimacy of asexual identification and experience in a broader socio-cultural context that tends towards disbelieving, discrediting and undermining asexuality. For instance, in his recent book, Understanding asexuality, Bogaert (2012) is dedicated to convincing his readers that 'asexuality matters' and that it exists. Second, researchers of asexuality are, in general, committed to depathologising asexuality, to separating it categorically from 'disorder.' Here we can draw on Lori Brotto and Morag Yule (2011), who articulate that 'asexuals are a mentally healthy group who continue to seek out and engage in rewarding, emotionally connected relationships'


An MD simulation of the system carboxypeptidase A (CPA) with the tetrapeptide Val‐Leu‐Phe‐Phe has been performed in order to learn about the substrate disposition just prior to nucleophilic attack. We have explored the model in which the substrate does not substitute the zinc‐coordinated water (the "water" mechanism). The simulations do suggest as feasible that the Zn‐OH2 group performs a nucleophilic attack on the Phe‐Phe peptidic bond. We have also investigated the model in which the carbonyl oxygen displaces the zinc‐coordinated water. In this case the substrate and Glu‐270 orient themselves to allow an anhydride intermediate during the peptidic bond cleavage (the "anhydride" mechanism). Based on the results of the simulations, both "water" and "anhydride" mechanisms are structurally feasible, although the former model seems more probable on chemical grounds. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Predicting the gender of chickens based on part weights makes an interesting assignment for students to practice classification techniques. In this assignment, students are given real data on chicken part weights (drum stick weight, tender weight, etc.) and the genders of the chickens and asked to build a model to predict gender from part weights. The assignment has been given multiple times in various forms in a junior level data mining class, a senior level artificial intelligence course, and a graduate level decision support systems course.


The mammalian small heat shock protein (sHSPs) family is comprised of 10 members and includes HSPB1, which is proposed to play an essential role in cellular physiology, acting as a molecular chaperone to regulate diverse cellular processes. Whilst differential roles for sHSPs are suggested for specific tissues, the relative contribution of individual sHSP family members in cellular and organ physiology remains unclear. To address the function of HSPB1 in vivo and determine its tissue‐specific expression during development and in the adult, we generated knock‐in mice where the coding sequence of hspb1 is replaced by a lacZ reporter gene. Hspb1 expression marks myogenic differentiation with specific expression first confined to developing cardiac muscles and the vascular system, and later in skeletal muscles with specific expression at advanced stages of myoblast differentiation. In the adult, hspb1 expression was observed in other tissues, such as stratified squamous epithelium of skin, oronasal cavity, tongue, esophagus, and uterine cervix but its expression was most prominent in the musculature. Interestingly, in cardiac muscle hsbp1 expression was down‐regulated during the neonatal period and maintained to a relatively low steady‐level throughout adulthood. Despite this widespread expression, hspb1−/− mice were viable and fertile with no apparent morphological abnormalities in tissues under physiological conditions. However, at the cellular level and under stress conditions (heat challenge), HSPB1 act synergistically with the stress‐induced HSPA1 (HSP70) in thermotolerance development, protecting cells from apoptosis. Our data thus indicate a nonessential role for HSPB1 in embryonic development and for maintenance of tissues under physiological conditions, but also shows that it plays an important role by acting synergistically with other HSPs during stress conditions to exert cytoprotection and anti‐apoptotic effects. genesis 45:487–501, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


ABSTRACT:In 1889–90 the city of Dunedin staged the New Zealand and South Seas Exhibition, commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the colony instigated by the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi by indigenous Māori and representatives of the British Crown. In acknowledgement of the bicultural perspective encoded in the Treaty, this article takes a tour of the musical artefacts of the exhibition, including both Māori and Western instruments and musical works, to reveal how colonial identity was forged through museum culture: whereas Māori instruments (taonga puoro) were curated by settlers and exhibited as the curiosities of a supposedly dying race, Western musical instruments and practices were beholden both to narratives of progress and to the rhetoric of the imaginary museum of musical works, inherited from Britain. However, while the framing of music at the exhibition often contradicted Māori perspectives, a closer look at the exhibition of music in New Zealand in 1889–90 reveals unexpected resonance between the two Treaty parties. Moreover, by tracing the afterlife of one of the Māori instruments displayed at the exhibition, this article reveals how Māori have more recently helped to reshape museum culture itself.


The present invention relates to a fire prevention system and method, which present peripheral information acquired through a GIS or building drawing information stored in a local agency on a display in a fire engine, thereby allowing a user to intuitively check the circumstance information and drawing information during traveling. According to the present invention, the system can check and transmit positional information of a building or a forest to a display terminal installed in a fire engine in the event of a fire, and output drawing information of the building acquired through a local agency or drawing information of the forest acquired through a GIS, and peripheral information corresponding to the drawing information of the building and the drawing information of the forest on the display terminal of the fire engine. Therefore, the system provides advantageous effects that a user can easily and quickly obtain the peripheral information and the drawing information through the display terminal installed in the fire engine while moving to the fire site, thereby efficiently coping with the fire.


This research examines the role of reading and book club attendance in the lives of Irish and American women's fiction readers who actively participate in women's book clubs utilizing mixed methodology, including ethnographic observation, participation in book club meetings, and in-depth narrative interviews. Women in Ireland and the United States used reading to develop a sense of self and to learn about the social world, as well as to construct their own identities, often in contrast to expected norms of feminine identity. Women in Ireland utilized reading and book clubs to develop knowledge and understanding; women in the United States were influenced to increase their status in order to potentially secure or retain a high-status romantic partner. At the same time, important key themes relating to social positionality and social networks, capital development, and the construction of identity were similar and central to women in both cultural environments. Reading was deeply entrenched in the identities of the women in this study and attending book clubs allowed them to continue engaging literature, construct identities, and gain knowledge about the world around them.


Objective To investigate the expression and correlation of serum hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) level pre-and post-transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) in patients with primary liver cancer(PLC).Methods Expression of serum HIF-1α and VEGF were studied in 40 patients of PLC pre-and 1 day,1 week,1 month post-TACE and 20 healthy volunteers(as control group).Results The expression of HIF-1α and VEGF was(154.94±83.29) pg/ml and(264.00±148.10) pg/ml before TACE,higher than those in control group(P0.01).The expression of HIF-1α and VEGF was(570.64±230.87) pg/ml and(362.07±102.25) pg/ml in PLC patients 1 day post-TACE,higher than those before TACE(P0.01);(198.62±92.11) pg/ml,and(283.52±145.46) pg/ml 1 week post-TACE;(133.96±57.02) pg/ml and(150.96±84.89) pg/ml in the complete response(CR) group 1 month after TACE,(255.74±123.44) pg/ml and(368.95±161.90) pg/ml in partial response(PR) and stable disease(SD) group(P0.05).The expression of serum HIF-1α was positively correlated with VEGF before TACE,and the serum HIF-1α also correlated with portal vein tumor thrombosis and metastasis.Serum VEGF was also correlated with clinical stage,portal vein tumor thrombosis and capsule.Conclusion The expression of serum HIF-1α and VEGF plays an important role in relapse of tumor,and contributes to the evaluation of the efficacy of TACE and metastasis of PLC.


[Abstract] This subcellular fractionation protocol is used for separation of cellular organelles based on their density. We have designed and optimized the protocol for separation of subcellular compartments of brain homogenates with focus on the localization and trafficking of transmembrane proteins, but we have also successfully used this protocol for fractionation of other types of tissue. The protocol has two major steps 1) preparation of homogenate from dissected tissue and 2) separation of organelles by centrifugation of homogenates using a continuous sucrose gradient.


Four different composite improvers namely A, B, C and D comprising different proportions of maize starch, maize gluten, malt, soybean, NFDM, ascorbic acid, potassium iodate and ammonium chloride were prepared for use in better bread production. The chemical analysis revealed significant differences in moisture, ash, protein, fat and fibre contents between different improvers. The composite improvers possessed significantly higher values for these characteristics as compared to the commercial improver TOUPAN. The addition of composite improver increased the mixing time with lower peak height than the flour sample containing TOUPAN. The bread containing improver D (1%) showed baking quality score and loaf volume similar to the bread prepared from flour containing TOUPAN·(0.5%).The bread containing improver D retained significantly higher moisture up to 72hours storage time. The moisture in bread decrease<\significantly as a function of storage interval. The bread containing improver D showed superiority in the chemical characteristics such as ash, protein, fat and fibre as compared to the bread having TOUPAN. The improver D was also tested on commercial scale by Vita Industries, Faisalabad. They reported to have bread of better quality characteristics as compared to that obtained with TOUPAN improver. Improver D also costs less than the commercial improver TOUPAN. It is recommended that the composite improver D (1.0%)may be used commercially by the baking industry, since it will help save the foreign exchange as well as improve the bread quality. Key


The model developed within the framework of the approach of computational mechanics of materials is presented. The model is intended for studying laws of deformation and fracture of transformation toughening ceramic composites at the mesoscopic and macroscopic levels under intensive dynamic impacts.


The National Mortality Survey of 17014 deaths in the United States for 1966-1968 was studied to determine the existence and character of relationships between family income and mortality rates. Selected causes of death were assigned to three major diagnostic categories: infectious diseases cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; and certain neoplastic diseases. In general the disease-specific mortality rates were inversely proportional to the stated family income. These effects were most evident in the youngest age groups. (EXCERPT)


The electrocardiogram (ECG) continues to be a major diagnostic test in modern medical practice. It has significant diagnostic and prognostic value in addition to being a test of uncomplicated simplicity of performance. In today's economically focused practice of medicine, it remains at the top of the list of significant diagnostic modalities which have high value and low cost. In this realm it is of unparalled value. Computer-based interpretation of ECGs has become the norm for outpatient, office, and inpatient performance. Recent observations again bring to the forefront the necessity of overreading computer-based interpretation by an experienced electrocardiographer. An editorial by Alpert asked the question as to whether one can trust a computer to read an ECG. The answer was an expected and an obvious—no. He stated that he still finds an approximate 20% error in computer-read ECGs. In my opinion, I estimate it to be closer to the results reported in a previous study. An investigative study by Bae et al evaluated erroneous computer interpretation involving only atrial fibrillation. The overall error rate was 20.6% (inclusion/exclusion). The largest study concerning errors of computer electrocardiography, previously published in Angiology, noted that the error rate of computer-based interpretations in 6938 consecutive, nonrandomized ECGs was 48.4%. The study also evaluated the most comprehensive list of electrocardiographic parameters to arrive at its conclusion. These included rhythm abnormalities, low-voltage and intraventricular conduction defects, bundle branch blocks, ST and T wave abnormalities, infarct patterns, left and right ventricular hypertrophy, atrial abnormalities, and atrioventricular blocks. As experience would suggest, the greatest number of incorrect interpretations involved repolarization abnormalities, 55.0% for T waves and 23.3% involving ST segments, the areas in which cardiologists often present differences of opinion. Equally striking was the fact that the computer read 2051 ECGs as normal, but was correct in 1554 (75.8%) cases, indicating that the cardiologist changed 24.2% of the normal interpretations to abnormal. A study presented at the 1991 American College of Cardiology annual scientific sessions by Kshetrapal and Silber revealed a correction rate of 56% in 2500 ECGs. This study was concordant with that of RuDusky in which more than twice that number of ECGs was reviewed. It is noteworthy that 1 computer system may be more accurate in interpreting one or more parameters of the ECG than another. In fact, the same system may interpret the same abnormality differently from 1 ECG to another, or on a repeat ECG on the same individual. Although it is possible that some of the computer-based ECG reading patterns have improved, one would need comprehensive comparison studies of each program, utilizing similar criteria for inclusion and exclusion of the designated parameter. Therefore, personal opinions are at the forefront regarding errors of computerread ECGs. These opinions are at variance because they also reflect differences involved in electrocardiographic interpretation by those who interpret the ECGs. This variance is also unknown. The recent opinion by Alpert suggests a 20% error rate, although still significant, could be greater, dependent upon the diagnostic parameters included in his personal review. Uncorrected computer-based ECG interpretation can and has resulted in inappropriate therapies and unnecessary diagnostic studies and procedures. The possible implications of such errors in the causation of adverse patient outcomes are of obvious immediate concern. In the long term, they can have dire consequences for the requesting physician as well as the reviewing physician. An additional economic burden is placed upon the medical system. Forty-five years ago a prophetic article titled The Fifth Dimension of Electrocardiography remains completely valid today! It noted that the ECG is a culmination of 3-dimensional electrical events with the fourth dimension being time (intervals and rates). There was however an important fifth dimension—clinical and pathophysiologic correlation


The safety means is damaged by rain water or the like, to provide a portable rechargeable power supply device serious accidents due to overcharging or the like can be prevented from occurring. Portable rechargeable power supply includes a lithium ion battery 11, the assembly already circuit board 20 and a case 40. The assembly already circuit board 20, two terminals 31a, 31b and the safety circuit unit 26, etc. are mounted. Two terminals 31a of the assembly already circuit board 20, a first portion 31b is mounted is accommodated in the terminal accommodating case 416 of the case 40, the safety circuit unit 26, etc. of the lithium ion battery 11 and assemble pre circuit board 20 There is a onboard second portion is accommodated in the main housing case portion 417 of the case 40. Partition by the partition plate 414 and the mounting plate 415a between the terminal housing case portion 416 and the main body housing case portion 417, a gap between the partition plate 414 and the assembled pre circuit board 20 closes with the packing member 61.


INTRODUCTION. This article analyzes the effects of the evaluation of educational policies in France. METHODS. It is based on an exhaustive analysis of the theoretical and empirical studies carried out by researchers specialized in this topic, on the reports written by entities related to the French Educational Ministry, such as the High Council for Evaluation, the Directorate of Permanent Education or the General Inspections of the French Educational Ministry, and on the statistics of the Directorate of Evaluation, Prospective and Performance. RESULTS. The article concludes that an uncertain relationship exists between evaluation and decision making because political representatives scarcely request evaluations and, when they do it is because they are in a situation of extreme difficulty. In addition, the conclusions of the evaluations sometimes have a limited operative character and evaluation, as it is currently institutionalized in France, is not binding for decision makers. Furthermore, the study reveals that the effects of evaluation on the conduct and practice of the different actors involved in the educational system are relatively positive. Lastly, the study highlights the fact that evaluation makes it possible to create a space where mutual communication among the different actors of the educational system leads them to construct a shared sense of meaning, and often serves as an instrument that fosters further training and professionalization by evaluators as well as those who are evaluated. DISCUSSION. The evaluation of educational policies, seen as an activity which produces knowledge, does not manage to favor and even to guide public debate on education. In fact, a contradiction exists between the proliferation of surveys and public reports written after the implementation of educational reforms and an inability to settle essential educational matters.


Procurement and ownership of advanced technical systems such as aircraft are associated with large investment costs, high complexity and operations and maintenance costs that often are several times larger than the up-front investment over the life cycle of the system. It is well known that early decisions regarding concepts, requirements and choice of suppliers will have a decisive impact on the Total Ownership Cost. The challenge is that these critical decisions are made in the early phases when there is little exact knowledge about the future system as well as many other influencing parameters. To make such decisions despite these major uncertainties calls for an efficient and systematic decision making process. One must make best use of available information to analyse, understand and predict the consequences of a decision on capabilities, performance and cost. The use of modelling and simulation for front end analyses is a powerful way to estimate these consequences. There are different ways to handle uncertainty and lack of data depending on what stage in the life cycle you are and what your decision is about. This paper describes approaches and methods to support project specific decisions in early stages with almost no specific data available for the technical system. The following will be discussed: • Generating a model of the technical system from high level information • Grouping engineering estimates in a logarithmic matrix • Use of a reference system • Prediction of data based on inherited operations • Identification and management of uncertainties in input data


In the third part of the article, variations in the characteristics of several features, the receipt of which is disclosed in the first and second parts, are considered on a time series. In order to identify the circumstances of stability and variability of operational reactions-assessments by the mass consciousness of Europeans of interaction with immigrants, as well as the homogeneity of the socially fixed norms of these assessments, they are considered at various levels of structuring the object of research. With the help of correlation and analysis of variance, examples are given of the positioning of countries that are relatively stable and reactive in terms of the nature of their dynamics of assessments, as well as triads of degrees of coincidence of these assessments that are socially anchored on a national scale – dissenting, median, dominant. The method of decision trees analyzes the accompanying typical differentiation of several communication countries, crystallized normative applications of attitudes towards immigrants, with several social characteristics. The analysis of the information leads to the conclusion that the power of differentiation of the emerging assessments and norms of attitudes towards immigrants in connection with economic factors significantly exceeds the influence of both socio-demographic characteristics and transformed forms of consciousness that serve to protect corporate economic interests to the detriment of the common good at the level's certain communities.


By the methods of questionnaire survey and expert interview,this paper studies the profit management of human capital of Chinese elite athletes,in order to put forward reference for the scientific management of Chinese athletes and the human capital market operation of athletes.The author argues that the profit of Chinese elite athletes includes athletes' wages,sports allowance,athletes' bonus and contributions allowance,advertising revenue and so on;the profit of Chinese elite athletes presents project differences and the movement level difference.It also puts forward the rationalization proposal of Chinese elite athletes' human capital profit.


The trials were carried out in a fluidized bed combustor, a mass burning unit and a rotary kiln combustor. Trials were made with pure RIM production scrap as well as using RIM as the fuel source to combust waste water sludge. Some size reduction was necessary to feed RIM scrap successfully using existing material handling systems. The various combustors were suitable to handle RIM in all cases yielding emissions within EPA guidelines. RIM scrap generated no S02 and the lowest CO emission per unit steamed when compared to natural gas, fuel oil or coal. The emission of NOx was less than 50% of the NOx emissions from fuel oil or coal.


This report discusses three submissions based on the Duet architecture to the Deep Learning track at TREC 2019. For the document retrieval task, we adapt the Duet model to ingest a "multiple field" view of documents---we refer to the new architecture as Duet with Multiple Fields (DuetMF). A second submission combines the DuetMF model with other neural and traditional relevance estimators in a learning-to-rank framework and achieves improved performance over the DuetMF baseline. For the passage retrieval task, we submit a single run based on an ensemble of eight Duet models.


We investigate theories in which the technifermions in higher dimensional representations of the technicolor gauge group dynamically break the electroweak symmetry of the standard model. Somewhat surprisingly, for the two-index symmetric representation of the gauge group the lowest number of techniflavors needed to render the underlying gauge theory quasiconformal is two. This is exactly one doublet of technifermions with respect to the weak interactions promoting these theories to ideal candidates of walking type technicolor models. From the point of view of the weak interactions the two techniflavor theory has a Witten anomaly, which we cure by introducing a fourth family of leptons. An elegant feature of this model is that the techniquarks resemble an extra family of quarks arranged in the two-index symmetric representation of the SU(2) technicolor theory. We have also studied the theory with three technicolors and two techniflavors in the two-index symmetric representation of the gauge group, which does not require a fourth family of leptons. We confront the models with the recent electroweak precision measurements and demonstrate that the two technicolor theory is a valid candidate for electroweak symmetry breaking via new strong interactions. We investigate different hypercharge assignments for the two color theory and associatedmore » fourth family type of leptons. We find that the two technicolor theory is within the 90% confidence level contours defined by the oblique parameters. The electroweak precision measurements provide useful constraints on the relative mass splitting of the new leptons. In the case of a fourth family of leptons with ordinary lepton hypercharge the new heavy neutrino can be a natural candidate of cold dark matter. The mass of this heavy neutrino, constrained by the precision measurements, is slightly larger than the one of the neutral electroweak gauge boson while the charged lepton has a mass roughly twice as large as the associated neutrino. Extensions with a larger value of the hypercharge naturally featuring doubly charged leptons are also favored by precision measurements. We also propose theories in which the critical number of flavors needed to enter the conformal window is higher than the one with fermions in the two-index symmetric representation, but lower than in the walking technicolor theories with fermions only in the fundamental representation of the gauge group. The simplest theories are the ones in which we add a (techni)gluino to the theory, while the rest of the matter fermions remain in the fundamental representation of the gauge group. Although these theories share some features with split supersymmetric theories, they are introduced here to address the hierarchy problem. Because of the near-conformal/chiral phase transition, we show that the composite Higgs is very light compared to the intrinsic scale of the technicolor theory. For the two technicolor theory we predict the composite Higgs mass not to exceed 150 GeV. We also provide estimates for the Higgs mass in walking technicolor theories with fermions in the fundamental representation and show that in this case the mass is around 400 GeV.« less


Aims: This study compared clinical outcomes and service efficiency for individual and group-based Very Low Energy Diets at Canberra Obesity Management Service in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Methods: A retrospective review compared VLED commencement and completion rates, baseline demographics, anthropometric and metabolic changes, and medication use. Results: A higher proportion of patients (but less males) completed VLED as part of the 2018 group-based model. Mean start weight and BMI were similar for both years. The 2018 group had greater baseline metabolic abnormalities. Co-morbid hypertension and dyslipidaemia were more common in the 2017 patients. Co-morbid T2DM, oral hypoglycaemic agents and/or insulin use was greater in the 2018 group. Greater mean reduction in weight, BMI and percentage body weight was observed in the 2017 patients. Changes in metabolic parameters were similar for both years. Compared to 2017, a higher proportion of the 2018 group reduced or ceased anti-hypertensive agents. Upon VLED completion, an equal number of patients from each year ceased insulin therapy. Discussion: This study demonstrated that using the 2018 group-based service model was non-inferior to traditional VLED methods in improving metabolic profiles and reducing medication requirements. The greater anthropometric changes observed in 2017 were not statistically significant and likely due to a higher proportion of males undergoing VLED in 2017. Areas of future research include stratifying results according to gender, longer-term monitoring to determine the sustainability of clinical improvements, and comparing outcomes with other obesity services.


The subduction in the Mexican South Pacific coast might be approximated as a subhorizontal slab bounded at the edge by the steep subduction geometry of the Cocos plate beneath the Caribbean plate to the east and of the Rivera plate beneath North America to the west. It has been reported a study that takes into account the geometry of the subducted Rivera and Cocos plates beneath the North American lithosphere defining, according their geometry, four regions: Jalisco, Michoacan, Guerrero and Oaxaca. By means of the visual recurrence analysis (VRA), in this work we study some dynamical features of the seismicity occurred for each region, Our analysis shows interesting differences among the recurrence plots of each region indicating a possible correlation between the subduction geometry and the nonlinear dynamical properties of each region.


A scheme for delivery or variable bit-rate (VBR) video over asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks where bandwidth can be renegotiated during the duration of a call between the video source and the network is considered. Renegotiation can be initiated by either the video source or the network. The video bandwidth requirement is characterized by a usage parameter control (UPC) consisting, in general, of peak rate, burst length, and sustained rate. A baseline design is outlined where rate-control adjusts the source's rate while a new UPC is requested from the network. When granted, the new UPC allows the source to maintain its target quantization and delay requirements. Rate control epochs may be extended when the network blocks UPC requests or sets a lower UPC value to temporally deal with congestion. Simulation results are presented for VBR MPEG video. The results show that with a moderate renegotiation rate the scheme tracks the bandwidth requirements of the source. As a result, the video quality and bandwidth efficiency can be maintained.


DNF systems divide the input space into decision surfaces, defined by conjunctions of conditions based on attribute-value pairs. This means that the decision surfaces are orthogonal to the axis of the tested attribute and parallel to all the other axes. In this paper, we present the system Ltree, that is able to define decision surfaces both orthogonal and oblique to the axes defined by the attributes of the input space. This is done by combining a decision tree with a linear discriminant by means of constructive induction. At each decision node Ltree defines a new instance space by the insertion of new attributes. Those are projections of the instances that fall at this node over the hyper-planes given by a linear discriminant function. This new instance space propagates downwards through the tree. Tests based on those new attributes are oblique in the input space. We have carried out experiments on sixteen benchmark datasets and compared our system with other well known decision tree systems (oblique and orthogonal) like C4.5, Oc1, and LMDT. From these experiments, we claim that our system has advantages concerning accuracy and tree size at statistically significant confidence levels.


An algorithm for low-diameter network decomposition on arbitrary graphs is presented which runs in O(E + n) time. Previous algorithms ran in O((E + n) log n) time.


The treatment of abnormal labial frenum is often a matter of dispute. The oral surgeon, rightly enthusiastic over his prowess in fashioning normal structures out of marred oral tissues, is apt to advise excision. The pediatrist, witnessing the remarkable mending of abnormal structure and function in the process of growth, is inclined to advise leaving the affected structure alone. While dental texts reflect a lack of decisive thought on the subject, a questionnaire conducted by the International Journal of Orthodontia and Dentistry for Children 1 reveals a growing skepticism among orthodontists regarding the advisability of excision. Leaders in this field are of the opinion that in most instances a thickened labial frenum will correct itself with the coming of the permanent canines and the second and third molars. Confused parents often turn to the pediatrist to help decide what constitutes an abnormal frenum and how such abnormality should be corrected.


The Winter Scientific Meeting of the British Dental Association was held at Church House, Westminster, on December 7, 1962, under the chairmanship of Professor G. L. SLACK, O.B.E. The subject was " Fluorides and the Teeth," and approximately 200 members attended. The assessment of fluoridation as a preventive measure in relation to dental caries was discussed by Dr. 0. BACKER DIRKS (University of Utrecht), who pointed out that changing living habits were continually exposing the population to new risks, yet the many medical studies on people consuming fluoride-containing water for many years or even for life showed that there


Non-model organisms are of great ecological and economic significance, consequently the
understanding of their unique metabolic pathways by investigating their gene
expression profiles is essential. The bloom-forming alga Emiliania huxleyi
is a cosmopolitan unicellular photoautotroph that plays a prominent role in
the marine carbon and calcium cycle. Recently, genome sequences from several
key marine phytoplankton species have been sequenced and partially
assembled.  Nevertheless, there are many challenges in defining genes in
non-model organisms, where genomes are incomplete.  With the advent of next
generation sequencing technologies, cDNA short read sequences are generated
in ever increasing amounts, and tools for building transcripts abound.
However, quality control of the transcript building process is rarely
performed if ever.  We used 63 manually defined genes, several
experimentally validated, in order to test the quality of the automated
transcriptome definition. We found that the automated pipelines missed genes
and artificially joined overlapping transcripts. In addition, E. huxleyi has
a very high percentage of non-canonical splice junctions, and relatively
high rates of intron readthrough, which caused unique issues with the
currently available tools and may indicate unique transcription machinery.
While individual tools missed transcripts, combining the results of several
tools improved the completeness and quality considerably.


The paper presents a personal view of a practitioner on the mathematical skills required of a practising engineer. These views are expressed in the form of a series of assertions and highlight the emerging role of a scientific engineer.


Objective To study the roles of MRI,intraoperative exploration and pathology in the diagnosis of invasive pituitary adenoma(IPA).Methods An analysis of the clinical data of MRI,surgery and pathology was taken in 125 cases of pituitary adenoma with the growth towards cavernous sinus,to determine their invasiveness and to group them respectively on the basis of MRI,intraoperative exploration and pathology.MRI group:Knosp-Steiner grading scales Ⅲ or Ⅳ as a inclusion criteria for IPA; Operation group:a hole or worn discovered in medial wall of the cavernous sinus by intraoperative observation as a criteria; Pathology group:Ki-67 labeling index > 3% as a criteria.The relevant statistical analysis was performed on them.Results MRI group:104 cases were identified as IPA.Operation group:92 cases were determined.Pathology group:14 cases were defined as IPA.The three groups were significantly different in determining IPA (P =0.000),and the pathology group compared with the operation and MRI groups respectively were also significantly different (P =0.000,P =0.000,respectively),whereas the comparision between the MRI and operation group was not significantly different(P > 0.05).MRIdemonstrated good diagnostic value on IPA (sensitivity 100%,specificity 63.6%,positive predictive value 88.5%,negative predictive value 100%) and had obviously higher accuracy than pathology(sensitivity 20.7%,specificity84.8%,positive predictive value 79.2%,negative predictive value 27.7%).Conclusions In the diagnosis of IPA,MRIand intraoperative exploration had higher accuracy than pathology.

Key words:
Pituitary adenoma;  Neoplasm invasiveness;  Magnetic reasonance imaging;  Pathology;  Neurosurgical procedures


China Report 52, 1 (2016): 53–71 of particular interest. Referring to the development by China of commercial and military port facilities all the way from the coast of Mainland China to the littorals of the Arabian Sea and Persian Gulf, they argue: 'China has established the so-called String of Pearls whose purpose is to counter the hegemonic presence of the United States along the main trade routes from China and to secure China's access to the oil of the Persian Gulf ' (p. 279). Right through the book, one observes the challenge which both the EU and China face in having to adjust to rapid changes in various parts of the developing world. Noting how the Arab Spring 'reshuffled and still reshuffles cards', Thierry Pairault towards the end of his chapter on economic relations between China and the Maghreb countries wisely declares that 'Despite China's significant achievements, the future remains open' (p. 319).


As part of a program for investigation of ultrasonic visualization techniqnes, a laboratory imaging system was used to determine some practical factors in weld inspection applications. The system used the Vitro‐designed ultrasonic image tube, and experiments were performed both with and without imaging lenses. The test material was 24‐in. steel plate containing a butt weld with flaws that had previously been radiographed for reference. Ultrasonic energy was introduced into the plate as a shear wave through a coupling block. Scatter from defects was detected on a monitor as a two‐dimensional image against a dark background. Image distortion and phantom images were investigated in detail. System performance criteria for a high data rate inspection system were established, and system modifications were specified for meeting these criteria.


Forecasting accurately is essential to successful inventory planning in retail. Unfortunately, there is not always enough historical data to forecast items individually- this is particularly true in e-commerce where there is a long tail of low selling items, and items are introduced and phased out quite frequently, unlike physical stores. In such scenarios, it is preferable to forecast items in well-designed groups of similar items, so that data for different items can be pooled together to fit a single model. In this paper, we first discuss the desiderata for such a grouping and how it differs from the traditional clustering problem. We then describe our approach which is a scalable local search heuristic that can naturally handle the constraints required in this setting, besides being capable of producing solutions competitive with well-known clustering algorithms. We also address the complementary problem of estimating similarity, particularly in the case of new items which have no past sales. Our solution is to regress the sales profile of items against their semantic features, so that given just the semantic features of a new item we can predict its relation to other items, in terms of as yet unobserved sales. Our experiments demonstrate both the scalability of our approach and implications for forecast accuracy.


Review on IL22RA1 (interleukin 22 receptor, alpha 1), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated.


We investigate the generation of two-mode-entangled light from a laser-driven three-level $\mathbsf{V}$-type atom inside a cavity by taking into account spontaneously generated quantum interference between two atomic decay channels. We show that under some conditions, the system can reduce to a nondegenerate parametric amplifier which is responsible for the entanglement between the two cavity modes. Compared to the case without the quantum interference, it is found that the entanglement of the cavity field can be significantly enhanced by the interference when the relative phase of the two pumping lasers $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\phi}=\ensuremath{\pi}$.


The narratives of Eric Chevillard belong unquestionably to the category of the "fictions joueuses" described by Bruno Blanckeman (2002, p. 61) in the fact that they maintain an ambiguous relationship with the literature, often diverted by means of the parody, of the pastiche or of an zany aesthetics. This article proposes a small essay of typology of the loufoque at Eric Chevillard, through three works, Du Herisson (2002), Le Vaillant Petit Tailleur (2003) and Oreille rouge (2005), in whom we identify this practice of the generic diversion. It also brings to light three major lines of the loufoque : the incongruous speech, the diversion of the topoi and serial writing.


The paper presents the results of studying the polarization relaxation mechanism in solid electrolyte LiPON by the method of discharge through an external load. Test cells made in the form of encapsulated multilayer structures SiO2/Pt/LiPON/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si were tested on a stand for discharge characteristics measuring. To explain the discharge curves, an equivalent LiPON circuit and a mathematical model of polarization relaxation during discharge are proposed. By fitting the parameters of a mathematical model, the Maxwellian relaxation times of lithium ions and that of the LiPON ionic polarization relaxation are determined.


This study investigated how the use of context-based learning with multimedia tools affected second-language (L2) learners' acquisition of Korean vocabulary. The recently developed Motion Dictionary (MD) is a video-based dictionary that searches an entire video library (e.g., TV, drama, movies) and returns every video clip related to a specified word. The MD was initially developed to provide students with relatable examples of vocabulary usage that are rich in context and culture. In this study, we focused on Chinese learners of L2 Korean who used self-regulated learning with three different multimedia variants: videos, information quantity, and meta-cognition.
In regard to videos, we found that effect on vocabulary learning varied depending on whether viewers were familiar with a video or not; those who were familiar with a video displayed the characteristics of vividly remembering the scenes and lines they saw while studying, even after the end of the learning period. Next, with regard to quantity of information, all the learners who participated in the study were interested in what was provided by all the multimedia learning tools, but in some cases, it was difficult for them to focus on it. We pointed out that these problems were caused by the way information is presented rather than by the amount of information. We could also find interesting examples such as: If the learner is not provided with the relevant information, or if the information they want is not presented, the motivation for learning will rather increase, and the learners will find the dictionary. Finally, with respect to meta-cognition, we found that significant learning occurred, as well as increased learning motivation, when the background knowledge of the learners enhanced but also differed from the new information provided during the learning process. Further studies should be conducted with groups of participants with different demographics to further the discussion of self-regulated learning courses based on multimedia learning tools in Korean language education.


The only curative therapeutic option for patients with BR is the so-called salvage radiotherapy (SRT). However, about 50% of the patients will experience a biochemical (as a reliable surrogate for tumor control) or a clinical recurrence after SRT within the following five years [3]. Retrospective analyses revealed PSA level before SRT and dose of SRT as the most significant risk factors for failure after SRT, followed by pathological stage, resection margin, or Gleason sum score [4].


The paper studied the feasibility of removing dense nonaqueous phase liquids(DNAPLs) from simulated soil flushing by n-hexane liquid-liquid extraction,together with the effects of surfactant concentration,rations of solvent to water and inorganic salts on the removal rates. The results showed that n-hexane as solvent could effectively remove chlorobenzene from different mixed anionic-nonionic surfactant solutions(3∶1,1∶1,1∶3),and the removal rates were 87.2%—96.9% ,94.4%—97.0% and 95.9%—98.5% respectively. It was also concluded that removal rate was not changed with the surfactant concentrations,but enhanced along with the rations of solvent to water enhancement. Therefore the experiment adopted the rate of oil to water (O/W) was 1∶10. It was found that the effects of inorganic salts on removal rates were negligible,but the inorganic salts could enhance solubilization using mixed anionic-nonionic surfactant.


We thank Dr Abdul-Khaliq and his colleagues for their interest in our study1 and for their comments to Circulation . We submit that apparent differences between our 2 studies1,2 are largely methodological in origin. In order to isolate the potential effects of activation, we measured the time interval from Q to onset of motion using M-mode with its high repetition rate. Abdul-Khaliq et al used strain imaging to measure the …


During histological investigation of the organic content of human enamel it was noticed that portions of young human enamel (Plate 33, fig. 1) which had been permeated by stain from the dentine aspect were permeable through about three-fourths of their thickness and so looked structurally very similar to marsupial enamel treated in the same manner (fig. 2), the chief differences being the direction of the prisms, and the degree and regularity of patency of the inter-prismatic substance. As histological structure is more readily appreciated in marsupial than most other mammalian enamels, owing to its tubularity, it was decided to make a brief examination of the enamel of young and old marsupials of the genus Macropus, for comparison with similarly made preparations of human enamel. Macropods were chosen because they exhibit the greatest degree of tubularity among marsupials. Sir John Tomes (1) in 1849 first described that tubular enamel occurs in marsupials and was "common to the teeth of at least the great majority of marsupials, if not all, except the wombat." He also showed (2) that when it was decalcified the tubes could be seen maintaining their continuity with the dentine after the lime salts had been removed. He, too, first noted (1) that "in the human teeth the dentinal tubes are in small numbers, occasionally only continued for a short distance into the enamel," and so drew attention to a resemblance between human and marsupial enamels at the amelo-dentinal junction. The observations of J. H. Mummery (3) in 1914 confirmed this.


Recent demonstrations of RNA-DNA chimeras enabling RNA and DNA replication, coupled with prebiotic co-synthesis of deoxyribo- and ribo-nucleotides, have resurrected the hypothesis of co-emergence of RNA and DNA. As further support, we show that diamidophosphate (DAP) with 2-aminoimidazole (amido)phosphorylates and oligomerizes deoxynucleosides to form DNA - under conditions similar to those of ribonucleosides. The pyrimidine 5'-O-amidophosphates are formed in good (≈ 60%) yields. Intriguingly, the presence of pyrimidine nucleos(t)ides increased the yields of purine-deoxynucleotides (≈ 20%). Concomitantly, oligomerization (≈ 18-31%) is observed with predominantly 3',5'-phosphodiester DNA linkages, and some (<5%) pyrophosphates. Combined with previous observations of DAP mediated chemistries and the constructive role of RDNA chimeras, the results reported here help set the stage for systematic investigation of a systems chemistry approach of RNA-DNA coevolution.


This study was executed at Al-Salam Station for milk production, Private Sector, in addition to the laboratory of scientific progress for molecular genetics analyzes, to determine the genetics polymorphism in CYP19-Pvull gene. Besides, studying its relationship to some productive and reproductive traits in Holstein cows (40 cows), in addition to extraction ratios for distribution of the genetics polymorphism in Holstein cows and allele frequency, and the following are the most important results obtained. The distribution ratio of the genetic polymorphism of the studied position in CYP19-Pvull gene differed significantly (P<0.01) in the studied cow's sample, as they reached 87.50 and 12.50 % for each of the two genetics polymorphism AA and AG respectively, and allele frequency were 0.94 and 0.06 for both A and G alleles respectively. The results of the current study showed that there were no significant differences between the genetics polymorphism of the studied position in the CYP19-Pvull gene and the studied productive traits of Holstein cows (total milk production, lactation period, the period from birth to the peak of production, and the length of the peak of production). As well as, the ratios of milk components (protein, fat, lactose, non-fat solids, the specific gravity of milk). As for the relationship of the genetic polymorphism of the studied position in the CYP19-Pvull gene and the studied genital traits of the Holstein cows, the results showed that the services per conception and the days open were highly influenced significantly (P <0.01) by the difference in the genetics polymorphism of the studied position in the CYP19-Pvull gene. As for cows with genotype AG, the cows with the genetics polymorphism (AG) recorded the lowest services per conception to 1.00 ± 0.00 vaccinations, and the shortest with the days open was 61.80 ± 0.86 days, while cows with the genetics polymorphism (AA) recorded highest services per conception were 1.83 ± 0.10, and the longest with the days open was 89.97 ± 3.99 days. It could be concluded by studying that the relationship of the t 8 genetic polymorphism of the studied position in CYP19-Pvull gene with the productive traits is not significant for the Holstein cows. Nonetheless, their relationship to the reproductive traits was highly significant, so it must be checked the relationship of the genetics polymorphism in CYP19-Pvull gene with the productive and reproductive traits for dairy cows. As well as, confirm the results obtained by applying the study to a larger sample and other breeds, and for several productive seasons, and this enables us to obtain more accurate results in the application of the selection and exclusion strategy.


Hybrid energy resources are generally accepted with the concern of global pollution and warming. Optimization studies on the detailed scheduling of hybrid energy usage are trying to find solutions for complex problems including uncertainty and lots of data. This paper gives the comparison of applying a MIP model and a stochastic model for detailed scheduling of a tri-generation system using wind and solar sources with thermal collectors. The proposed hourly scheduling will allow balancing the production and consumption as well as giving more realistic commitments the day ahead. The model is applied and compared for regional energy production to respond the demands of an industrial center in Turkey.


Field propagation in cylindrical axially corrugated waveguide filled with chiral medium is considered in this paper. The depth of the corrugation is a quarter-wavelength, making a hard-surface (HS) boundary. These eigenfields inside the chiral HS waveguide are circularly polarized. In a nonchiral HS waveguide, these eigenmodes are propagating with the same propagation factor. However, for small chirality values, there exists weak coupling between the eigenfields, which results in a change in polarization of the propagating field. This effect makes it possible to make mode transformers and phase shifters. Also, the chiral HS waveguide of a proper length can be used as a matching element between different kinds of circular waveguides.


Ultrasonic vessels are widely utilised in both medical and industrial settings for cleaning a variety of contaminated objects. Standing wave patterns that occur in ultrasonic vessels are reported to affect cleaning efficacy by subjecting objects immersed in an ultrasonic field to 'hotspots' and 'dead zones' in cavitational activity that are at present only determined by practical examination. A paper is presented that utilises a finite element (FE) approach and the Helmholtz solution to the wave equation to create a three dimensional model of an ultrasonic cleaning vessel tracking pressure amplitude variation. Time harmonic analysis of the model predicts a number of stationary maxima and minima (standing waves) predicting some regions of high cavitational activity and others with little cavitational activity on the tank scale. Validation of the simulation is performed using both a commercially available ultrasonic energy meter and foil ablation testing with practical results demonstrating a high degree of correlation with the simulation results. Limitations of the current model and implications of the research for future ultrasonic vessel prototyping and development are discussed.


A family with hypercholinesterasemia with isoenzymic alteration is reported. The propositus, a 55-year-old woman, was admitted to our hospital because of diabetes mellitus. Because her cholinesteraseactivity (pH 3.2) was supranormal,with nootherabnormalliver-functiontest resultthroughout the hospitalizationperiod, and was independentof her disease state, we investigated whether this condition might be familial. We studied six of her 17 family members in three generations. All six had above-normal serum cholinesterase activity. Gradient gel electrophoresis on polyacrylamide showedthat the normalcontrolindividualshad seven isoenzymes, but all the family members with hypercholinesterasemia had two additional isoenzymes. The enzymic properties of the affected members were similar to those of the normal individuals. Hypercholinesterasemia in this family seems to be the result of an increased number of enzyme molecules, but how this isoenzymic alteration emerged remains obscure.


Background Cell-specific transduction remains one of the next frontiers for virally-delivered gene therapy. Efforts to achieve cell-specific transduction have largely been limited to borrowing of preexisting viral glycoproteins and pseudotyping viral surface envelopes to result in altered tropism. VSVG is derived from vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and is one of the most commonly used lentiviral (LV) pseudotype glycoproteins as its cognate receptor (LDLR) is present on nearly all dividing and non-dividing cells, enabling broad tropism of VSVG-pseudotyped LVs. Methods Our lab recently developed a receptor-blinded version of VSVG, in which point mutations (K47Q, R354A) of this glycoprotein results in a mutated VSVG with inability to bind and infect LDLR-expressing cells. This mutant viral glycoprotein, which we call VSVGmut, thereby loses its broad tropism, but critically retains its fusogen ability, enabling codisplay of a new LV pseudotype ligand to drive LV tropism. Results Initial experiments displaying high-affinity anti-CD19 scFvs alongside VSVGmut on the LV surface demonstrated infection of CD19+, but not CD19- cells. Subsequent work using endogenous ligands (CD80), Fabs (a-CD3e), cytokines (IL-13), viral glycoproteins (SARS-CoV-2 RBD), and peptide MHCs (pMHCs) revealed the modularity of this platform for achieving potent transduction of on-target cells, with minimal infection of bystander cells, across a range of affinities (pM to uM) and at frequencies as low as 1 in 100,000. This technology allowed for library on library screening of 96 viral pMHC-displaying LVs against a repertoire of >450,000 TCRs in pool, which accurately uncovered EBV- and Flu-specific TCRs through scRNA sequencing. Conclusions The VSVGmut platform has resulted in our lab's ability to pair pMHCs with cognate TCRs and viral surface antigens with cognate BCRs, in addition to achieving lineagespecific transduction of T and B cell subsets, setting the stage for cell-specific gene therapy.


F. Rezzonico, V.O. Stockwell, M. Tonolla, B. Duffy, T.H.M. Smits. Pantoea clinical isolates cannot be accurately assigned to species based on metabolic profiling. Transpl Infect Dis 2012: 14: 220–221. All rights reserved F. Rezzonico, V.O. Stockwell, M. Tonolla, B. Duffy, T.H.M. Smits Plant Protection Division, Agroscope Changins-Wadenswil ACW, Wadenswil, Switzerland, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA, Microbial Ecology Group, Microbiology Unit, BIVEG Department UNIGE, Cantonal Institute of Microbiology, Bellinzona, Switzerland


This paper considers a multiple regression model and compares, under full model hypothesis, analytically as well as by simulation, the performance characteristics of some popular penalty estimators such as ridge regression, LASSO, adaptive LASSO, SCAD, and elastic net versus Least Squares Estimator, restricted estimator, preliminary test estimator, and Stein-type estimators when the dimension of the parameter space is smaller than the sample space dimension. We find that RR uniformly dominates LSE, RE, PTE, SE and PRSE while LASSO, aLASSO, SCAD, and EN uniformly dominates LSE only. Further, it is observed that neither penalty estimators nor Stein-type estimator dominate one another.


No room on the hard drive? Turn to new technology. Just as you can't be too thin or too rich, computer hard disks where software applications and data are stored can't be too large or too fast. Many CPAs are discovering that although their hard disks may have seemed quite adequate when first bought, now those same disks are bulging at the seams--a condition that could lead to a computer crash. This article offers options on how to augment that limited storage space, create a convenient way to store more data--without resorting to the installation of a larger hard disk--and provide a more flexible medium for backups and for making the data more portable so they can be shared with colleagues and clients. This technology also can be used to augment local area network (LAN) servers. In the late 1970s, when personal computers were just catching on, the standard 10megabyte (Mb) hard disks were sufficient to store most major applications, with ample room for data. In the ensuing years, as space demands grew, mostly because of the Windows environment, the hard disk standard in most new computers grew apace and it currently is about 1 gigabyte (Gb). But with programs and files continuing to get fatter, even that is not large enough. For example, the new Windows 95 operating system itself needs nearly 25 Mb of space and a typical suite of applications takes up another 75 Mb or so. Not only are applications becoming more capacious but working files are getting fatter, too. Many today are loaded with graphics-heavy formatting, and some users even add sound and video clips to enhance their presentations. As a result, many users now demand hard disks of 2 or even 4 Gb. But for some, even hard disks with several gigabytes aren't enough. International Data Corp., market researchers, recognizing the strong demand for more storage space, forecasts that the market will grow 98% a year through the year 2000. So what's a CPA who is squeezed for space to do? ELBOW ROOM As it turns out, there are many options--so many, in fact, that they exceed the scope of this article. As a result, we cover only the mainstream technologies that accountants are most likely to use now or in the immediate future. All of the products mentioned are available at local software or hardware retailers. Aside from tips on solving the storage problem, the single most important insight to garner from this article is that lack of storage space should no longer be a problem, and your work should not be hampered by the size of your computer's hard disk. Some of the auxiliary storage devices can do more than just provide a convenient place to pack away data. Because some are random-access storage mediums, using the same technology as your hard disk, applications stored on them can be run directly on your computer--with no need to first download them onto your hard disk, as would be necessary with tape storage. So now, instead of working on a cramped hard disk and risking a disk crash, you can store infrequently used programs on portable storage mediums and, when you need to run a program, just plug in the auxiliary drive, load the appropriate cartridge and you're in business. Before considering the available hardware solutions, let's first examine how to solve the storage problem using software, which is less costly and more convenient in some applications. Data compression. There are a handful of programs on the market that can compress data files and application programs by as much as 50%. A 20-Mb file, for example, will take only about 10 Mb of space on your hard disk. These programs all work in essentially the same way: They look for redundant instructions in the software application, index that code and then replace a long programming code with a short index code. All this is done on the fly, which means the zipping (compressing) and unzipping (uncompressing) are done automatically and behind the scenes. …


In infinite dimensional Banach spaces there is no complete characterization of the L\'evy exponents of infinitely divisible probability measures. Here we propose \emph{a calculus on L\'evy exponents} that is derived from some random integrals. As a consequence we prove that \emph{each} selfdecomposable measure can by factorized as another selfdecomposable measure and its background driving measure that is s-selfdecomposable. This complements a result from the paper of Iksanov-Jurek-Schreiber in the Annals of Probability \textbf{32}, 2004.}


Due to the spread of social media-based applications and the challenges posed by the treatment of social media texts in NLP tools, tailored approaches and ad hoc resources are required to provide the proper coverage of specific linguistic phenomena. Various attempts to produce this kind of specialized resources and tools are described in literature. However, most of these attempts mainly focus on PoS-tagged corpora and only a few of them deal with syntactic annotation. This is particularly true for the Italian language, for which such a resource is currently missing. We thus propose the development of PoSTWITA-UD, a collection of tweets annotated according to a well-known dependency-based annotation format: the Universal Dependencies. The goal of this work is manifold, and it mainly consists in creating a resource that, especially for Italian, can be exploited for the training of NLP systems so as to enhance their performance on social media texts. In this paper we focus on the current state of the resource.


This innovation proposes an alternative to the traditional exam/test model. Many faculty members have likely struggled with the need to objectively assess their students and the push back they get from students in administering such assessments. The current article outlines a win-win solution that allows professors to objectively assess student performance, while reducing anxiety, inducing increased preparation for class, and encouraging higher engagement during class activities and lectures—all without becoming a slave to subjective grading assignments. It blends three key elements: numerous quizzes, hand-written notes, and the use of an app-based technology to administer and grade the assessments.


In the Visegrad group countries is district heating system the dominant wa of production and distribution of heat in residential sector.The European Union is currently suporting the development of district heating systems and the use of more renewable sources in heat production. The article describes the current status of distring heating in the Visegrad group countries.


In this paper, a new set of functions called fractional-order Boubaker functions is defined for solving the delay fractional optimal control problems with a quadratic performance index. To solve the problem, first we obtain the operational matrix of the Caputo fractional derivative of these functions and the operational matrix of multiplication to solve the nonlinear problems for the first time. Also, a general formulation for the delay operational matrix of these functions has been achieved. Then we utilized these matrices to solve delay fractional optimal control problems directly. In fact, the delay fractional optimal control problem converts to an optimization problem, which can then be easily solved with the aid of the Gauss–Legendre integration formula and Newton's iterative method. Convergence of the algorithm is proved. The applicability of the method is shown by some examples; moreover, a comparison with the existing results shows the preference of this method.


The p53 locus on the short arm of chromosome 17 at 17p13.1 was examined for small genomic deletions and mutations in 23 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded cases of special types of breast carcinoma (six medullary, seven apocrine, five differentiated tubular, and five papillary). p53 mutations in the evolutionarily conserved exons 5–9 were detected in 11 cases (four apocrine, two papillary, two medullary, and three differentiated tubular), using the novel non‐radioactive PCR‐based Hydrolink mutation detection enhancement (MDE) method, and confirmed by direct sequencing of the PCR products. Missense mutations causing amino acid substitutions were evenly distributed among exons. One case of apocrine carcinoma showed a polymorphism at codon 213 (CGA→CGG). Twelve out of 23 cases were found to express a strong nuclear signal against CM‐1 and DO‐7, two anti‐p53‐specific antibodies. Small genomic deletions in the vicinity of the p53 locus were detected in 11 tumours (three papillary, three differentiated tubular, two medullary, and three apocrine carcinomas), using the multiplex PCR method. No statistical correlation was found between deletions at 17p13.1 and p53 mutations (P<0·5). In addition, p53 mutations and immunoexpression correlated with the c‐erbB‐2 gene product, an oncogenic protein that has been implicated in cell cycle control (P<0·001). Our findings suggest that genomic alterations of the p53 gene are quite common events associated with special types of breast carcinoma, particularly of the apocrine subtype, but the prognostic value is unlikely to be of clinical importance.


Colorectal cancer (CRC) has complex pathological features that defy the linear-additive reasoning prevailing in current biomedicine studies. In pursuing a mechanistic understanding behind such complexity, we constructed a core molecular–cellular interaction network underlying CRC and investigated its nonlinear dynamical properties. The hypothesis and modelling method has been developed previously and tested in various cancer studies. The network dynamics reveal a landscape of several attractive basins corresponding to both normal intestinal phenotype and robust tumour subtypes, identified by their different molecular signatures. Comparison between the modelling results and gene expression profiles from patients collected at the second affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University is presented as validation. The numerical 'driving' experiment suggests that CRC pathogenesis may depend on pathways involved in gastrointestinal track development and molecules associated with mesenchymal lineage differentiation, such as Stat5, BMP, retinoic acid signalling pathways, Runx and Hox transcription families. We show that the multi-faceted response to immune stimulation and therapies, as well as different carcinogenesis and metastasis routes, can be straightforwardly understood and analysed under such a framework.


The academy has created a comprehensive online educational resource center for ophthalmologists. The Ophthalmic News & Education Network or O.N.E. is a powerful resource that will allow the Academy to share more of its resources with ophthalmologists around the world, helping them deliver the best possible eye care.


These methodical recommendations are created for foreign students of medical faculty of the 4th year. Here are detailed features of the normal anatomy and physiology of the ear without which it is impossible to study the subject. A detailed algorithm for diagnosing the pathology of the auditory and vestibular analyzers is given. All modern methods of studying the state of various otters of the ear with examples and detailed description of the research are described. At the end, students are offered open and test questions for self-control.
During the compiling of recommendations, materials from recent protocols and experience of otorhinolaryngologists from the clinic of the Kharkov National Medical University were used.
The purpose of this training manual is to present to the students of the medical faculty a detailed and understandable algorithm for examination the auditory analyzer, relying on its anatomical and physiological characteristics.


Open top defined by generally annular rim (14), the base (16), and a container (10) is disclosed having a side wall (18) extending between the top and the base. Sidewalls, the longitudinal direction of the recess (20) formed in the two arcuate, annular rib (25), the longitudinal direction of the recess and the base arranged an annular shoulder between the (22), and annular shoulder (22) base portion having a lower portion (26) extending between the (16). Annular shoulder, the two arcuate portions aligned with the longitudinal direction of the recess (27) to (23) characterized, lower portion has two beveled portions aligned with the longitudinal direction of the recess (27). The container, ergonomic than the existing containers, with the strength and rigidity of the larger side walls. .FIELD 1


As the significant measure of constructing innovative country,the carrier for the party managing talent must be innovated from the aspects of target,policy,system,and soft environment.Adhering to the "people-oriented" principle,and fulfilling the services for talents could provide a good environment and political guarantee to talents resource development.


GACHCHIVARIL GAPPA. By NARAYAN GOVIND CHAMPEKAB. Poona : Aryasamskriti Press. Price 1 Rupee. This book has gone into a second edition, which fact proves its great popularity. It is a kind of tea-table-talk, but gradually it leads to a serious discussion on several social subjects. No fewer than twenty-three social problems are subjected to a critical analysis; several conventions which pass under the name of so-called rites and ritual are severely attacked ; several ideas imported from the Western world have been taking root in the minds of so-called English-educated Indian youths which in the end would be disastrous, as they are not congenial to the tradition and climatic conditions of the Indian continent. The author's slashing criticism and his views on na stri swatantryam arhati (the natural subordination of woman), Hakka kin kartavya (right or duty), Grihini Griham Uehchate (wife is the queen of the home) are quite original and of absorbing interest. The chapters on " Woman in 1945 ", " The Pleasures of Married Life ", " Physical Degeneration", " Economic Competition", will open the eyes of deluded young men and women whose present views, if unmodified, will lead to serious disaster. The talk ends with essays on sadka samaj (degenerated society) and shivdshiv (don't touchism) which are informative and provocative. The author points out that the cult of " don't touchism " is unauthorized by Manu and other law-givers, and is merely based upon misguided views and superstitions, the foundation of which is rather unsound. The author has administered a strong dose of a very powerful medicine to these young people of both sexes who have been influenced by the modern tendencies which he attacks, but deep-rooted diseases require drastic treatment. The style is excellent, and is a model of polished and up-to-date Marathi.


English as a second language (ESL) is taught in Australia to adult learners of mixed language backgrounds through the medium of English, and there is currently no requirement that ESL teachers speak another language. This paper reports on a study which asked what advantages there may be for ESL teachers to have proficiency in two or more languages. Data were gathered from semi-structured interviews and language biographies to explore the connection between the language backgrounds of multilingual and monolingual teachers of ESL, and their knowledge and beliefs about language learning. Theoretical constructs from the field of teacher cognition are used to argue that teachers' own language learning experience is a resource which is a powerful contributor to their conceptions of language, language use and language learning. The more multilingual the teacher, and the more varied his or her learning experiences, the richer this resource appears to be.


This paper presents a detailed performance analysis of a power bipolar junction transistor (BJT) under hard-and soft-switching conditions. The main focus is on improving the switching loss and switching time of the device. It is shown that an improvement by an order of magnitude can be obtained in turn-off loss under soft-switching as compared to hard-switching. This improvement is achieved by exploiting the interaction between the circuit and the device in soft-switching. The effect of circuit components and conditions on switching time and loss of the device is also discussed. Distinct characteristics are observed during soft-switching of the device (ZVS and ZCS). The physical mechanisms responsible for these characteristics are analyzed in detail based on the internal charge dynamics with the aid of an advanced two-dimensional mixed circuit and device simulator. The results obtained from simulations are compared and validated with extensive measured data.


Farmer of 38 years sent to Emergency Department by dyspnea of small efforts of 6 months of evolution, accompanied by increase of the abdominal diameter, edema of pelvic members, unquantified ponderal loss and pericardial effusion of 450 mL. Diagnostic paracentesis a lymphocytic exudate with adenosin deaminasa (ADA) of 35 U, transthoracic echocardiography that demonstrates constrictive pericarditis with serious diastolic dysfunction, calcium hyper-refringence and patch deposits in pericardium, thoracoabdominal CT scan shows bilateral pleural effusion, pericardic thickening > 10 mm and ascitis. The patient go to Pericardiectomy and surgeon's observed extensive fibrosis of pericardium (Concretio cordis) and the pleuropericardic biopsy shows cheesy granulomas confirming the diagnosis of poliserositis and constrictive pericarditis of tuberculous origin. Iniciated treatment with antituberculous drugs and systemic steroid and repeats echocardiogram to the 30 days showing improvement in the diastolic function as well as decrease of the pericardic inflammation and the systolic pressure of the pulmonary artery.


In this paper we study the causes of an unusually high N- channel transistor punch through leakage using a shallow trench isolation process. This resistive short between source and drain exhibits high structural dependence and has a strong dependence on the channel length and the total field edge of the device. Unlike the normal off-channel leakage. The leakage current of this resistive short shows weak dependence on temperature. Such a correlation between leakage and structure is examined for the first time in this paper. Experimentation with various trench liner oxidation schemes and gap-fill densification was the key to resolve the leakage.


This paper reports case studies seeking to address one of the great problems of social science: namely, the extent to which is it possible or desirable accurately to report conscious experience (Hulburt & Scwitzgebel 2007). An interpretive ethnographic approach is used to address this problem. Caravanserais and bazaars in Iran have always offered multi-sensual experiences and represented aspects of symbolic interaction, as well as facilitating physical exchange, between travellers and locals. This is true in their origins, in their nineteenth and twentieth century usage, and in their contemporary roles which increasingly include heritage tourism accommodation or heritage retailing. Using two case studies the paper explores the role that hospitality has played and shows that it has been fundamental to their evolution and remains so, particularly for the commercial caravanserais and tea houses which now exist as refurbished heritage accommodation and restaurants.


Purpose:To evaluate the patterns of preoperative pulmonary function tests(PFTs) and their correlation with postoperative pulmonary impairment in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS), who had orthopaedic operation with or without rib resection thoracoplasty. Methods:The case records and radiographs of 79 patients(12, boys and 67, girls) of a mean age of 13.3 years(7-15 years) with AIS who underwent orthopaedic operations at the author's institute between 1997 and 2003 were reviewed. Results:The average preoperative coronal Cobb measurement was 56°(range, 32-81°). Thirty-one patients(39%) had normal values of of PFTs. Forty five patients(57%) with severe scoliosis(Cobb's angle 65-90°) showed mild to moderate decrease on PFTs with FVC(73%), FEV1(79%), FEV25-75%(58 %). The severity of Cobb's angle were correlated with the decrease in FVC, FEV1, FEV25-75%(P


n the future, many computers will contain multiple processors, in part because the marginal cost of adding a few additional processors is so low that only minimal performance gain is needed to make the additional processors cost-effective.1 Intel, for example, now makes cards containing four Pentium Pro processors that can easily be incorporated into a system. Multiple-processor cards like Intel's will help multiprocessing spread from servers to the desktop. But how will these multiprocessors be programmed? The evolution of the programming model already under way is likely to continue.


Experimental thermodynamic property data for hydrocarbon refrigerant mixtures are more important now in order to improve the performance of existing equations of state. In the present paper, liquid-phase PVTx data including bubble points for the binary and ternary systems composed of propane (1), n-butane (2), and isobutane (3) are reported. More than 1000 measurements were made by employing a newly developed vibrating-tube densimeter system with an uncertainty of 0.1 kg·m-3 + 0.024% for density, (3 to 7) mK for temperature, 0.26 kPa + 0.022% for pressure, and 0.1 mol % for composition. The present data contain the first set of experimental PVTx data for the ternary system. The measured data are compared with two available thermodynamic mixture models developed by Lemmon and Jacobsen and Miyamoto and Watanabe. A mixture model applied for a modified Tait equation of state is also presented in this paper.


: ABO hemolytic disease of newborn (ABO-HDN) occurs early and progresses rapidly, which can lead to fetal or neonatal anemia and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Severe intrauterine hemolysis can lead to fetal edema, which can lead to fetal death or neonatal death. Severe or very severe hyperbilirubinemia can be complicated with bilirubin encephalopathy, Affect the quality of life of newborns.In this study, full-term children with ABO-HDN were divided into two groups according to the results of three serological tests of hemolysis. Group A: single antibody release test (ART) was positive; Group B: ART positive, combined with at least one hemolysis test positive in direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and free antibody test (FAT). The differences of minimum hemoglobin, age at onset (h) and incidence of anemia between group A and group B were compared.


Introduction Until the last decade 'social stresses' were frequently perceived as an amorphous and non-specific burden in children's lives. Invariably the amount or degree of stress was the focal point for clinical evaluation or research measurement. This viewpoint is, however, too narrow and ignores the varying qualities and intensities of family and peer group experiences which must be taken into account when considering environmental aetiologies of emotional disorders in childhood and adolescence'-3. In this paper, a number of psychosocial mechanisms are proposed, from information obtained using in-depth face-to-face interviews with anxious and depressed school-age children and their parents. The detail of information, its systematic measurement and analysis have resulted in the description of a variety of patterns of adverse family and peer group experiences suggesting that the environmental risk for emotional disorders will not be explaine' by a single 'stress model'4-6.


A method of forming a silicon vias package structure, comprising: providing a silicon germanium substrate, a silicon substrate is formed on the surface of a silicon germanium substrate; forming a semiconductor device on a first surface of the silicon substrate, the a first interlayer dielectric layer and the surface of the semiconductor device forming surface of the silicon substrate and the metal interconnect structure positioned within the interlayer dielectric layer; forming a silicon vias through the silicon substrate, the top surface of the TSV electrically connected to metal interconnect structure; using a gas etching process or a wet etching process to remove the silicon-germanium substrate, the bottom surface is exposed until the second surface of the silicon substrate and the silicon vias. Since the gas etching process or a wet etching process does not produce stress on the silicon substrate, so the thickness of the silicon substrate can be thin, it can effectively reduce the formation depth of the silicon vias, to reduce costs, avoid engraved forming through etching damage to the via sidewalls during the deep through holes, electrical properties TSV not affect the final formation.


Aimed at present machining simulation that is limited to geometrical simulation, a frame-work of the physical machining simulation system based on finite element method is putted forward.Using OpenGL technique,C++language on C++Builder RD environment,the virtual manufacturing environment is build.And each of the changes in the cutting progress,such as cutting force,clamping force,is also reflected to it.Compared with other simulation systems,besides simulating machining process,prediction for machining error,product fine can be also realized with this system.


Multimedia streaming services over the Internet are becoming more and more popular nowadays, with hundreds of new subscribers registered daily. Movies, news, education and training, radio, video conferences, personal streaming such as webcams or security surveillance are only a small part of video streaming applications. Streaming systems provide additional challenges in contrast to classical packed based transmission scenarios such as common HTTP services or Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS), where the requested information or multimedia content is completely downloaded and stored at the client terminal and afterwards displayed or processed. Its requirements to the underlying transport network is much higher. The delivery of video streaming services requires the transmission channel to fulll several properties and mechanisms, like the provision of a sucien t bitrate or reliable data reception, in order to obtain an acceptable quality, avoid great presentation delays and avoid buer undero ws as well as buer overo ws at the receiving terminal, since all this will result in signican t performance degradation. In the near future, the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) will extend these IP-based streaming services to mobile terminals. Hence, the properties of wireless networks, such as bandwidth limitations, time varying transmit conditions and error prone links require a careful design and adaptation of the multimedia coding and decoding, the receiver design, buer strategies and a careful choice of radio bearer capabilities. In UMTS a variety of transmission channel types and modes are available to transmit packet data. Shared channels allow several users to share a common transmission channel on a time-sharing basis. In contrast, dedicated channels reserve constant resources for a single user, and try to provide a certain bitrate. However, a constant bitrate cannot be guaranteed due to transmission errors on the air interface. Therefore, in UMTS several transmission modes are available which treat packet errors dieren tly: Transparent Mode: Neither error detection nor error correction is performed. Packet data is forwarded as it is received to higher layers. Unacknowledged Mode: Erroneously received packets are detected and discarded. Acknowledged Mode: Erroneously received packets are detected and retransmitted using ARQ. Each transmission mode inuences the end-to-end Qualityof-Service (QoS) of the streaming system. Therefore, in this work the goal is to determine suitable transmission channel types and modes, appropriate video encoding strategies, and, proper receiver policies, designs and behaviors to guarantee successful media presentation at the mobile. Though our focus was on MPEG-4 based streaming over UMTS the most results are applicable to any multimedia streaming application. Within this work we are able to show that an adequate choice of video encoding parameters, like the appropriate frame rate, target bitrate, etc., for given UMTS attributes should be the primary issue of the success for wireless video streaming over UMTS. Variable bitrate (VBR) encoded video was shown to provide increased quality compared to constant bitrate (CBR) encoded video, and, therefore, we investigate streaming of VBR encoded MPEG-4 video. We show that neither transparent nor unacknowledged mode are suitable for MPEG-4 video streaming. Only the acknowledged mode can provide acceptable end-to-end video quality [1], see Figure 1. Furthermore, for acknowledged mode channels introducing additional delay jitter, a policy was derived which guarantees uen t and error free video sequence presentation at the receiver with a certain reliability [2].


"Working with Gun Dogs" is written by a real countryman who has worked with dogs and studied their behaviour and temperament since he was 7 years old. "Working with Gun Dogs" first explores the basic and most important issue of choosing the right dog. This accomplished, there is then the question of management of the dog. Though we are a nation of dog lovers, many animals are overfed, prone to bad habits and insufficiently exercised. Consequently, correct training is particularly important and each dog's unique temperament needs to be taken into account during the process. Then, once in the field, the working dog's life is examined in detail. There are dogs working on grouse moors, dogs flushing and 'walking up' pheasants, finding and retrieving game, following wounded game, etc. Other subjects covered include the physiology of the dog, encouraging the dog into water, the correct diet and the identification of ailments and injuries. Here, indeed, is the indispensable manual for every sportsman who works with dogs in the field.


We present a novel mapping technique for sound synthesis. The technique extends the familiar concept of morphing to the domain of synthesis parameters. A morph between defined points in the parameter space representing desirable sounds is itself parameterized with high-level controls. The choice of end points of the morph and the extent of the morph are used as input handles to map arbitrary control signals to the synthesis parameters. Additional off-line methods control the interpolation functions and selection of parameter points. We discuss a tool to allow creation, manipulation and usage of such mappings.


This research aims to describe the overall tactical action profile of the national goalkeeper during the match. This research used observational research methods. The population of this study were 12 futsal teams which entered the national round, consisting of 8 male futsal teams and 4 female futsal teams with a total sample of 16 male goalkeepers and 8 female goalkeepers, total of 24 goalkeepers as samples. The results of this study show that the tactical action profile of the national goalkeepers futsal in the Nusantara Futsal League  as a whole. The goalkeeper s gave a hand gesture by pointing the opponent to guard the designated opponent as much as 60.35%. 5%, the goalkeeper s thrown a short ball to the defender by 37.28% goalkeeper, the goalkeeper s stopped the ball with his hands, when the ball came in the area behind his defense by 31.68%, the goalkeeper s stopped the ball with his feet, when the ball came in the back area defense 306 times (31.29%), when the corner kicked on the left or right side, the goalkeeper s instructed the player to cover as many goals as possible on his left or right side 237 times (24.3%), the goalkeeper away from the goal line to catch or ward off the ball carried out by the goalkeeper 81 times (8.28%), the goalkeepers caught the ball then kicks it directly towards the opposing team's goal 56 times ( 5.73%), the goalkeeper catches the ball and kicks it directly towards the opposing team's goal 27 times (4.77%), and the goalkeeper defends the defender 271 times (27.6%).  It be concluded that national goalkeepers tactical action profile in Indonesian Nusantara Futsal League  dominantly that the goalkeepers used sign by her / his hand to show theirs affairs nearby to the goal.


The aim of this thesis was to characterise the T cell receptors (TCR) involved in two hum an immune responses, and their interaction w ith antigen in the context of major histocompatibility molecules. The TCR of a panel of hum an CD4+ house dust mite specific T cell clones were analysed in the context of the peripheral TCR repertoire. The clones were found to use a restricted set of TCR variable (V) genes, although there was little conservation of junctional sequences. Several clones had identical TCR at the sequence level, despite the fact that they had been isolated in different years. Screening of amplified TCR transcripts from several years later suggested the presence in vivo of long lived dominant T cell clones in this response. The hum an T cell response to the influenza haemagglutinin peptide HA 307 319 in the context of the class 11 molecule DRl was studied in two hum an T cell clones derived from different individuals. One of these clones, HA1.7, responds equally to HA 307 319/DR4, while the other, Cl-1, does not. Sequencing of amplified TCR transcripts revealed that the two clones express highly related TCRa chains, w ith a conserved junctional motif, bu t very different TCRp chains. Modelling studies led to the prediction that a conserved glutamic acid residue (94E) in the TCRa junctional region might be critical to peptide recognition. After initial investigation of models for expression of TCR, mutagenesis studies of the HA1.7 TCRa chain were performed using transfection into the hum an T cell line JRT3T3.5, and the rat basophil line (RBL). In the RBL line, ligation of the transfected TCR leads to degranulation, measurable as serotonin release. TCRa mutants carrying either alanine or lysine at position 94 no longer recognised the HA 307 319 /D R l complex. These mutants were not rescued by peptides carrying reciprocal charge changes.