The January 1972 issue of the AES Transactions contained a cumulative index of IEEE papers on radar subjects, from all 1946-1970 publications and conference records. The following additions cover 1971 and 1972 publications, plus a number of earlier papers inadvertently omitted from the previous index. Listings are chronological under 41 subject headings as used in the previous index (Table I). Correspondence is indicated by the letter c after the page numbers. Journals are abbreviated as in Table II. Presence of a correction or comment in a subsequent issue of the same journal is shown by the year and page number of the item in brackets.


Campaign 2004 was a watershed event with global ramifications like few in American history. Given the clouded confusion, controversy, and protest that followed the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling that determined the winner of the hotly contested 2000 presidential race, the political parties and much of the electorate anticipated the election with eagerness and uncharacteristic zeal. To many Democrats convinced that Al Gore, who had won the popular vote in 2000, had been robbed of the presidency by the Supreme Court's decision to stop counting the contested Florida votes, Campaign 2004 was the chance to remove what they viewed as an illegitimately selected president who had embarked on a dangerous foreign policy path in the wake of 9/11. Republicans, on the other hand, were just as adamant for a strong mandate from the electorate for President Bush, whom they viewed as leading America and freedom loving people everywhere in the global effort against terrorism, based on his strong, decisive, and sound stands that emerged following America's most deadly terrorist attack. A central issue of this campaign in the United States, as well as a defining issue in elections around the world, would be the war in Iraq and the divergent mediated realities provided by the parties, the candidates and their surrogates, celebrities and special interest groups. Senator John Kerry emerged as the Democratic nominee in the primaries after many had written off his candidacy following early stumbles in the campaign. Kerry provided what the Democrats believed was a most impressive counterargument of who should be the Commander in Chief for the nation in a controversial war in the wake of 9/11. Kerry's decorated war experience in Vietnam would be a stark contrast to George Bush's questionable service in the Texas Air National Guard. This persuasive pitch was the major theme of the Massachusetts Senator in his acceptance speech at the Democratic Convention in Boston where he announced he "was ready to serve," surrounded by Vietnam veterans with whom he had been engaged in combat against the enemy. Yet Republicans countered with a blistering attack against the Democrats and Kerry's flip-flops at the New York Republican Convention, which was bathed in the pathos of 9/11 in its rhetoric, celebrity speakers, and geographic context—a city and place where many had judged George Bush to have found his rhetorical stride on September 12, 2001. Given the trauma of the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the American psyche, this event would continue to be a major hot button in political appeals.


BACKGROUND
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause DNA damage. Rice protein (RP) inhibits ROS accumulation. However, a link of the depression of ROS-derived DNA damage with the intake of RP is far from clear. The major objective of this study is to elucidate the effects of RPs on depressing DNA damage in growing and adult rats.

RESULTS
With the intake of RPs for 2 weeks, hepatic accumulations of ROS and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were significantly reduced in growing and adult rats, whereas hepatic contents of p53 were markedly increased by RPs. After 2 weeks feeding, the mRNA levels and protein expressions of p53, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and Checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) were up-regulated by RPs, whereas Murine Double Minute 2 (MDM2) expressions were markedly inhibited by RPs, resulting more p53 were translocated into the nucleus. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was activated by RP through depressing Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), resulting in the up-regulation of antioxidant expressions of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in RP groups.

CONCULSION
RP can exert an endogenous antioxidant activity to depress ROS-derived DNA damage via activating Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. The present study suggests that the activation of ATM-Chk2-p53 pathway might be one of mechanisms exerted by RP for depressing DNA damage in growing and adult rats. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Previously intractable systems are now within the modeler's grasp, thanks to an approach adapted from the study of lattice spin systems.


A new method for frequency synchronization based upon Zero-Intermediate Frequency Zero-IF receiver and characteristics of the received signal s power spectrum for MC-DSCDMA Up link system is proposed in this paper. In addition to this, employing Zero Correlation Zone (ZCZ) sequences, designed specifically for quasi synchronous up link transmissions, is proposed to exploit frequency and temporal diversity in frequency-selective block fading channels. The variance for Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) estimators of MC DS CDMA Uplink is compared with that of an OFDM system to estimate the CFO. Our study and results show that the MC DS CDMA system is outperforming the OFDM method


In recent years, photovoltaic technology (PV) has become increasingly decisive among other renewable energies, because it is clean energy. However, PV module performance is affected by factors such as cracks and shading. Shading is the main cause of degradation of PV module performance. It is important that these abnormalities are early detected in order to increase the performance of PV module. Hence, in this paper a fault detection scheme based on frequency response is proposed.


A glycoprotein binding complement component C3d was isolated from media used for culture of Raji human lymphoblastoid cells. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. and gas/liquid chromatography indicated that the C3d-binding glycoprotein consisted of a single polypeptide chain with extensive intrachain. disulfide bonds, a molecular weight of 72,000, and several different bound carbohydrates. Several, lines of evidence-indicated that this mediumderived C3d-binding protein originated from membrane complement receptor type two (CR2, the C3d receptor), presumably shed during membrane turnover. The C3d-binding protein bound to sheep erythrocytes coated with C3d (EC3d) but not to sheep erythrocytes coated with C3b (EC3b). Antisera, prepared by immunization with the purified C3d-binding glycoprotein, inhibited lymphocyte rosette formation with EC3d but not with ECAb. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of the radiolabeled and. solubilized lymphocyte antigens reactive with the anti-C3dbinding protein sera revealed a single-chain cell-surface protein of molecular weight 72,000 that was apparently identical to the isolated C3d-binding protein. Parallel assay of lymphocytes for CR2 by direct immunofluorescence withlF(ab')2 anti-C3d-binding protein (anti-CR2) and rosette formation with EC3d indicated that both assays had the same specificity and nearly the same sensitivity. With both systems CR2 expression was limited to B cells, and was undetectable on T cells, monocytes, or neutrophils. Bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocytes express two distinct types of membrane receptors for the third component of complement (C3) (1), a receptor for f1lH globulin (2) and' surfacebound C5 (3). Complement (C) receptor type one (CR1, the C3b receptor) has recently been isolated and shown to be a 205,000 Mr glycoprotein (4). Isolated CR1 bound to both C4b, and Cab, and lymphocytes treated with Fab' anti-CRI did not form rosettes with the erythrocyte-complement complexes EC3b or EAC14b (5). Previous attempts to isolate lymphocyte C recteptor type two (CR2, the C3d receptor) have been unsuccessful (6). CR2 differs from CRI in that it is expressed exclusively on lymphocytes, whereas CR1 is also expressed on monocytes, neutrophils, erythrocytes, and, kidney cells (7). Although the functions of CR1 and.CR2 are unknown, B colls do respond to either 81H receptor triggering or the cleavage of surface C5 by releasing endogenous C3b inactivator (C3bINA) (2, *). In the present study, media from B-type lymphoblastoid cells were shown to contain a soluble C3d-binding protein. This C3dbinding protein was purified and found to be a glycoprotein of 72,000 Mr. Antibody prepared by immunization of rabbits with the C3d-binding protein inhibited lymphocyte rosette formation with EC3d'but not with EC3b, and reacted with a single cell-surface protein of 72,000 Mr. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lymphoid Cells, Neutrophils, and Spent Culture Media. Normal human blood mononuclear cells and neutrophils were isolated on a two-step (1.08 g/ml and 1.105 g/ml) Ficoll/Hypaque density gradient (5, 8), whereas tonsil cells were isolated on 1.08 g/ml Ficoll/Hypaque (9). Monocytes were either removed with Sephadex G-10 (Pharmacia) (10) or labeled with latex (11). The human B-cell lines Raji, Daudi, and BF, and the HSB T-cell line, were maintained at 0.8-2.0 X 10' cells per ml by doubling the culture volume at 2-day intervals with RPMI1640 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, penicillin, and streptomycin. Spent culture media was harvested by centrifugation and stored frozen at -850C. C Components and C-Coated Sheep Erythrocytes (EC and EAC). C components and nephritic factor (NF) were isolated and used to prepare CRI-reactive EAC14b and EC3b as described (2, 12). EC3b was converted into EC3bi and EC3d with KSCN-inactivated serum (12) and plasmin (2). Fixation of C3 onto EC3'was monitored with [3H]C3 (2, 13). C-Receptor and Surface Ig Assays. C receptors and surface Ig were detected by rosette assay and immunofluorescence, respectively (2, 12, 14). Fluid-phase C3d-binding protein (CR2) was detected by two different assays with EC3d containing 1.5 X 103 C3d molecules per EC3d complex. First, serial 25-,ul dilutions of CR2 sample were tested for inhibition of Raji cell-EC3d rosette formation by microtiter assay (6). Second, soluble CR2 was detected by microtiter assay for inhibition of EC3d agglutination by anti-C3d. Serial 25-,ul dilutions of CR2 sample in a U-bottom plate were mixed with 25 ,ul of EC3d (1 X 108 per ml) and incubated on a shaker at 37°C for 15 min, after which time 25 ,ul of a 1:24 dilution of anti-C3d serum (kindly provided by Brian F. Tack, Harvard Medical School, Boston) was added to each well. After 15-min shaking at 370C, the cells were allowed to settle for development of agglutination patterns. Binding of 3H-Labeled Lymphoid Components to EC3 and EAC14b. One-hundred microliters of 3H-labeled Raji culture media (2) was mixed with 100 ,.lof E, EAC14b, EC3b, or EC3d (2 x 108 per ml) in Veronal-buffered (3.5 mM, pH 7.2) 1% bovine serum albumin/3.2% dextrose/0.2% NaNJ30 mM NaCl, Abbreviations: B lymphocytes or B cells, bone marrow-derived lymphocytes; C, complement; CR1, complement receptor type one (C3b-C4b receptor); CR2. complement receptor type two (C3bi-C3d receptor); CR3, complement receptor type three (C3bi receptor); C3bINA, C3b-inactivator; E, erythrocyte; EAC, erythrocyteantibody-complement complex; EC, erythrocyte-complement complex, NF, nephritic factorNP-40, Nonidet P40; T lymphocytes or T cells, thymus-derived lymphocytes. * Ross, G. D., Lambris, J. D. & Dobson, N. J. (1980) Abstracts of the 4th International Congress on Immunology, July 1980, Paris, abstr. 15.3.22. 1828 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U. S. C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. mProc. Natd Acad. Sci. USA 78 (1981) 1829 and incubated on a rotator for 15 min at 37°C. After three washes with 1% bovine serum albumin in phosphate-buffered saline, each cell type was solubilized with 1 ml of NCS solution (Amersham) and radioactivity was measured in 10 ml of OCS scintillation fluid (Amersham). Molecular Weight and Carbohydrate Analysis. Proteins were treated with 2% NaDodSO4, either with or without 0.1 M dithiothreitol, at 100°C for 5 min and then electrophoresed in 7% polyacrylamide gels (15). Molecular weight was determined from mobility by comparison to known markers. Coomassie blue-stained bands were cut out of the gel slab and analyzed for carbohydrates by gas/liquid chromatography after protein elution with NaDodSO4 and precipitation with trichloroacetic acid (16). Evaluation of Antibody Specificity for Lymphoid Cell Components. Lymphoid cells were either labeled with "2I and lactoperoxidase (17) or labeled endogenously by culture in [3H]leucine (2). F(ab')2 antibodies, prepared with pepsin and Sephadex G-150 (Pharmacia) (11), were conjugated to Sepharose CL4B (Pharmacia) with cyanogen bromide (18) at a ratio of 10 mg of protein per ml of gel. Radiolabeled cells (1 X 108) were solubilized with 1% Nonident P40 (NP40; Particle Data Laboratories, Elmhurst, IL) in 50 mM Tris1HCl, pH 7.5, containing 2 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, soybean trypsin inhibitor, at 50 gg/ml, 25.mM benzamidine, 10 mM EDTA, 50 mM e-aminocaproic acid, and 10 mM KCI, and then insoluble debris was removed by centrifugation at 40,000 X g for 16.hr. The solubilized cells were cycled two times through a column containing 2 ml of F(ab')2 antibody-Sepharose CL4B in phosphate-buffered saline and then, after a wash with phosphate-buffered 0.3 M NaCV1% Triton X-100 (Sigma)/0.5% deoxycholate, the bound antigens were eluted with 4 M guanidine. The eluate was dialyzed versus 62.5 mM Tris HCl, pH 6.8, concentrated to 1 ml with polyethylene glycol powder, treated with 2% NaDodSO4 either with or without 0.1 M dithiothreitol for 5 min at 100°C, and electrophoresed in 7% polyacrylamide gels (15). After electrophoresis, the gel tracks were sliced into 2-mm segments whose radioactivities were measured either directly ("~I) or in-OCS after solubilization overnight in 30% (wt/wt) H202 at 56°C (3H). Preparation of C3d-Sepharose for Affinity Chromatography. Five milliliters of.trypsin-Sepharose, prepared with 3 mg of trypsin per ml of gel (18), was mixed with 20 mg of C3 for 2 min at 37°C and then washed three times by centrifugation. A NF-stabilized C3-convertase was then assembled on the trypsin-generated Sepharose-bound C3b by addition of 16 mg of factor B, 16 -;Lg of factor D, and 11.5 mg of NF. After 10 min at 37C, 100 mg of C3 was added and incubation was continued for 60 min at 37C. The gel was washed two times, resuspended in 35 ml of fresh serum, and incubated 60 min at 37°C. C3b fixation, monitored with 3H-labeled C3, was 2.8 mg per ml of gel, of which most was presumably converted to C3bi by the serum C3bINA. Bound C3bi was then degraded to C3d with plasmin (2) at 60 jig/ml for 30 min at 37°C.


Container (1) comprising a gas and a liquid (2) in which, at least in part, foamable, whereby one can prepare a beverage, wherein the container (1) is provided with means manually actuatable, comprising at least two interconnected (4, 4 ') chambers between which the liquid (2) and / or the gas are displaceable and also comprise a device for altering the flow of fluid, which means are can make the transfer of gas and liquid (2) in the container (1), so that the formation of foam in the container (1) takes place, characterized in that the means are designed for manually varying, at least as to shape, the package space (3) of liquid (2) and gas.


This research work contributes to an active vision system for an gas pipe inspection robot moving inside of the pipe. The robot must be able to know what shape of the pipes where the robot is moving. The shapes of the pipe include straight, L or T. Also, when it is moving in the straight section, the robot must detect the relative angle with respect to its principal axis. The authors propose to use a laser spot array and TV camera for the vision sensor, which can find the three dimensional position of each spot on the surface of the pipe by means of triangulation. The shape of the pipe inside can be reconstructed by the information of the camera. A method is also presented to distinguish the shape whether it is straight or not.


The field equipment needed for a stereophographic method of measurement of vegetation consists of a camera mounted on a rectangular frame on four legs, from which a stereo pair of photographs of the ground or vegetation surface can be taekn. For color transparencies the stereo pair of images is projected upwards through two specially mounted projectors and prisms onto tracing paper on a glass table, from which the images are examined stereoscopically. Vegetation boundaries and other features are marked on the tracing paper, and the respective areas subsequently measured visually by superimposing a transparent plastic 100—compartment grid. See full-text article at JSTOR


The Annual Meeting of the Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) was held on 15–17 October 2007, in Washington (DC, USA). This meeting had the largest number of registrants of any ASRM meeting, with over 6000 people attending. The theme for this meeting was Capitalizing on Innovations in Reproductive Health Care. The program was put together under the leadership of Steven Ory, ASRM President, and David Keefe, General Program Chair, and encompassed a wide variety of topics highlighting new discoveries, new treatments and new approaches to reproductive healthcare.


In this paper, the experiment system for high resolution moving train imaging is introduced. For the experiments, there are three objectives: realizing moving targets imaging as an inverse synthetic aperture radar; verifying the effects of range profile resolution improvement by stepped-frequency; comparing the dechirp and matched filter ing methods. During experiments, moving train imaging results have been attained via two imaging methods. The differences of imaging results by two methods are shown respectively. The objective for verifying im provement on range resolution by stepped chirp is realized.


Based on the theory of static magnetic field, the surface magnetic field on the high-resolution multi-pole magnetic drum for a magnetic rotary encoder was analyzed. The visual curves of the surface magnetic field distribution were obtained by numerical calculation and plotting. A good AMR magnetic head for the magnetic rotary encoder was designed. The results of theoretical analysis and practical test were contrasted. The results are accorded in the output signal's shape and amplitude of the AMR magnetic head and its multi-freqency characteristic.


A large variety of computing systems, such as compilers, interpreters, static analyzers, and theorem provers, need to manipulate syntactic objects like programs, types, formulas, and proofs. A common characteristic of these syntactic objects is that they contain variable binders, such as quantifiers, scoping operators, and parameters. The presence of binders complicates formal specifications and symbolic processing. Consider, for example, a function definition of the form


In this type of manufacturing we often compromise on efficiency and performance due to incapability, cost of manufacturing. The rise in the industry of additive manufacturing due to 3D printing has a major contribution in helping the manufacturing of compliant mechanism. Compliant mechanisms gain some or all of their motion from the relative flexibility of their joints rather than rigid body only. Our project elaborates on how different materials affect the performance of the fully compliant plier like the force, stress, deformation, torque and their mathematical calculations are also shown. The topological path model and the finite element analysis carried out also speaks about how the mechanism will be better than the conventional plier.


An amidopyrrole with appended imidazole group can bind and co-transport H+/Cl- across vesicle membranes much more effectively than an analogue with an appended pyridyl group.


Clove,the dried buds of Eugenia caryophylata Thunb,showed the strongest antioxidant activity among 87 kinds of medicinal and edible plants in our previous researches.In this research,the anti-Low-Density-Lipoprotein(LDL) oxidation modification of clove was studied by determining the yield of Malondialdehyde and using bio-assay guided method and copper sulfate induction.The results showed that the appropriate concentrations of copper sulfate and LDL were 3 mmol/L and 4 mg/mL,respectively.The crude extract and different fractions of clove possessed strong anti-LDL oxidation activity.The inhibition efficiency of ethyl acetate fraction was higher(85.29±0.02)% than that extracted by ethyl acetate n-butyl alcohol and water.The inhibition rate of ethyl acetate fraction on LDL oxidation modification presented a good dose-effect relationship.There are eight kinds of ingredients in effective fraction through TLC analysis.


This chapter proposes the architecture for a mobile agent-based virtual marketplace. As the Internet grows, the potential for conducting electronic commerce grows as well. However, given the explosion of online shopping, searching for particular products amongst the sea of commercial content could become a fundamental obstacle for Internet electronic commerce. Hence, an agent-based virtual marketplace is seen as the solution. The agents in the marketplace are autonomous, and so there is no need for user intervention once the agents have been deployed with the assigned task. The architecture of the marketplace has been specifically designed to facilitate agent negotiations by providing a trusted and secure environment. A novel dynamic pricing mechanism has also been implemented in the context of the airline ticketing industry and found to be rather successful. INTRODUCTION With the ever-increasing amount of available online resources in general, information overload has become a very real problem. One possible solution is the application of software agents in e-commerce. Intelligent agents are already on the Web, freeing us from some of the drudgework of searching and automatically keeping us up to date. There are now many examples of software agents currently available on the Web. Shopping agents like BargainBot, Excite's Jango, and Andersen Consulting's BargainFinder are but a few. However, they have their shortcomings, such as lack of purchasing capability and limited range of product selection. Furthermore, the current Web front end to an online storefront is not conducive to autonomous browsing by search agents. A more comprehensive solution would, therefore, be to build a virtual marketplace whereby producers and consumers can come together and, with the help of software agents, actively participate and conduct e-commerce. Software agents have already been in This chapter appears in the book, Architectural Issues of Web-Enabled Electronic Business, edited by Shi Nan Si and V.K. Murthy. Copyright © 2003, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Hershey PA 17033-1240, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com ITB8709 IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING Virtual Marketplace for Agent-Based E-Commerce 301 Copyright Idea Grou p Inc. Copy right Idea Grou p Inc. Copy right Idea Grou p Inc. Copy right Idea Grou p Inc. development since the mid 1990s, but with recent advances in software agent technologies, their potential and capabilities have been greatly enhanced. There are currently several agent-based marketplace systems that have been developed for purposes of electronic commerce, and these include Kasbah (Chavez & Maes, 1996), MAGMA (Tsvetovatyy & Gini, 1996) and MAGNET (Collins, Youngdahl, Jamison, Mobasher, & Gini, 1998). Kasbah was developed in 1996 by the Software Agents Group of the MIT Media Lab as an agent-based consumer-to-consumer marketplace where users can create autonomous agents that help buy and sell goods on their behalf. Once these agents are created and released into the marketplace, it negotiates and makes decisions on its own without the need for user intervention. In preliminary experiments on Kasbah, users preferred simple, predictable agents with predetermined negotiation strategies over "smarter" agents that continuously adapted their behavior according to their analysis of the marketplace. A strength of the Kasbah system is the straightforwardness of its negotiation strategies, as this simplicity made it easy for users to understand the workings of their agents and subsequently they were able to trust their agents to perform the necessary transactions on their behalf. However, one weakness of the Kasbah system architecture was that it did not include any form of payment mechanisms, and this hampered users from effectively concluding transactions after a deal had been struck. The University of Minnesota's Multi-Agent Negotiation Testbed (MAGNET) is a generalized market architecture that was designed to provide support for a variety of types of transactions, from simple buying and selling of goods and services to complex multi-agent contract negotiations. The MAGNET architecture is organized around three basic components: the Exchange, t e Market, and the Session. An important fundamental concept in the MAGNET architecture is its market Session. Because the session is contained within the market, and because it maintains, independently of the initiator and any clients, a persistent record of the activities encompassed by the session, it is able to discourage value-based counter-speculation by acting as a trusted auctioneer. More importantly, however, it can record commitments made by all parties and, within the limits of its enforcement powers, ensure performance against those commitments. The MAGMA architecture is an earlier prototype of a virtual marketplace designed by the team that developed MAGNET. This virtual marketplace architecture was designed to exhibit many of the properties attributed to physical marketplaces. It therefore includes several elements simulating a real market. These elements include a communication infrastructure, a mechanism for the storage and transfer of goods, advertising and a banking system. The MAGMA system consists of a relay server written in Allegro Common Lisp and a set of agents written in Java that work over the World Wide Web. The current implementation of MAGMA includes multiple trader agents, an advertising server, and a bank. The advertising server provides a classified service that includes search and retrieval ads by category. The banking system is able to provide a basic set of banking services including checking accounts and lines of credit. However, a shortcoming of the architecture is the fact that all agents within the system communicate to one another through socket connections. In order to facilitate communications between agents, a relay server maintains all socket connections and routes messages between the agents based on unique agent names. This architecture is felt to be rather expensive on network bandwidth and the system performance is heavily reliant on network latencies. Moreover, the scalability of this approach is also questionable. The objective of our research work is to build a new virtual marketplace prototype whereby producers and consumers can meet and conduct e-commerce in cyberspace with 15 more pages are available in the full version of this document, which may be purchased using the "Add to Cart" button on the product's webpage: www.igi-global.com/chapter/virtual-marketplace-agentbased-electronic/5207?camid=4v1 This title is available in InfoSci-Books, Business-TechnologySolution, InfoSci-Business Technologies, Business, Administration, and Management, InfoSci-Business. Recommend this product to your librarian: www.igi-global.com/e-resources/libraryrecommendation/?id=1


The CanMEDS roles has conveyed through a digital videoconference supported teaching format in which the students develop their own case-based, interactive e-learning units. The learning forms used are problem-based learning and peer-teaching. After a quality check by the lecturer the e-learning units are made available to further general medicine lessons.


A new reversed-phase HPLC method was developed and subsequently validated for simultaneous estimation of antihypertensive drugs Olmesartan and cilnidipine in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Chromatography..


Dive: Student Aid is an interactive public affairs case study, created in 2019 to push the boundaries of digital learning in two ways. First, it combines academic rigour with visual and narrative quality that is normally reserved for television and cinema. Second, it integrates the content in a user-friendly interactive platform to make learning a personalized experience.

Dive: Student Aid tells the story of how the Ontario government transformed student financial aid to make post-secondary education free for many students in Canada's largest province, and what happened next. It lets key political leaders, policymakers, journalists, students, and critics explain the why, what and how of this policy transformation story, allowing the user to assess the impact of the reforms and the legacy of political change.

The case study is presented as an interactive documentary experience. The interactivity is created by visual cues throughout the documentary that prompt the viewer to engage with more in-depth information, such as extended interviews with key characters, or relevant texts that speak about the topics raised at key points in the narrative. The platform also includes additional resources in various formats to supplement the documentary video, and self-assessment tools that users can choose to use as they progress through the case study.


(1) Purulent conjunctivitis affecting newborn babies is not invariably due to the gonococcus but may be caused by streptococci, staphylococci, or even B. coli and B. proteus. (2) Blindness from this cause in England has been reduced from approximately 25 per cent. of all blind children in 1920 to 9 per cent. in 1940. (3) This improvement began when the use of the Crede method of prophylaxis with silver nitrate became universal in England. (4) Silver nitrate is superior to other antiseptics because it is non-specific, and because it acts in two ways: by precipitating as a thin film of silver chloride on the surface of the conjunctiva, mechanically entangling all organisms, and by producing a non-specific inflammatory reaction in the sub-conjunctival tissue, leading to the formation of the lymphoid layer earlier than it would normally appear and so strengthening the resistance of the eye to infection.


A software prototyping environment called TransObj (TRANSaction and OBJect) is used for designing real-time Transaction-based Concurrent Software Systems (TCSS). In a TCSS design process, a software designer should perform both functional design and performance design. The designer should change his design view from a transaction-based paradigm to an object-based paradigm during the TCSS design process. Recognition of re-entrant functional objects and serially reusable functional objects in the TCSS should be required. TransObj includes the Stepwise Prototyping Method (SPM), and two SPM-based tools: Prolog-based TransObj (P-TransObj) and GPSS-based TransObj (G-TransObj). SPM enables the designer to advance both functional design and performance design for the TCSS prototype as controling the change of design view paradigms. P-TransObj mainly checks the prototype in a microscopic view on a personal computer. G-TransObj mainly checks the same prototype with a longer time span on a large-scale computer.


A slow, subsonic flame can accelerate spontaneously, with the velocity jump by several orders of magnitude and even subsequent detonation triggering. This effect is extremely crucial, in particular, for fire safety issues in mines, subways and power plants. Flame acceleration is especially strong while propagating in tubes or channels. According to the celebrative Shelkin model, the key element of the process is wall friction at non-slip walls. Indeed, as a flame front propagates from a closed tube/channel end to the open one, the burning matter expands and it drives a flow of the fresh fuel mixture. However, due to the friction on the tube walls, the flow becomes non-uniform such that the burning matter bends the flame front, increases the flame velocity and leads to the flame acceleration. During the recent years, the effect has been clarified and investigated – analytically, computationally and experimentally. In particular, the analysis of Bychkov et al. describes the entire scenario of the flame acceleration and detonation triggering, namely: (i) initial exponential acceleration in the quasi-incompressible state; (ii) moderation of the process because of gas compression, so the exponential acceleration state goes over to a slower one; (iii) eventual saturation to a steady, quasi-steady or statistically-steady, high-speed flames correlated with the Chapman-Jouguet deflagration; at the latter stage, heating of the fuel mixture leads to an explosion ahead of the flame front, which develops into a self-sustained detonation. While this analytical theory is validated by extensive direct numerical simulations of the combustion equations including transport process, chemical reactions, viscosity, thermal conduction and diffusion, it nevertheless includes a set of assumptions such as the large Reynolds number related to flame propagation, Re>>1, as well as the large thermal expansion coefficient in the burning process, Θ>>1. This therefore leads to the intrinsic limitations of the theory. In this work we determine these limitations and thereby clearly underline the validity domains in the relevant Re-Θ diagram. The present analysis also demonstrates that the theory of flame acceleration is consistence with a model of steady flame propagation developed recently.


Mineral dust radiative effects and feedbacks upon Saharan boundary layer meteorology are estimated by means of regional dust simulations for a one‐week period in May 2006. The regional dust model system LM‐MUSCAT is used, which allows online interaction of the computed dust load with the solar and thermal radiation and consequently with the model dynamics. For the Bodélé depression, a mechanism is proposed that describes positive and negative dust radiative feedbacks on surface wind speeds and dust emission in dependence on atmospheric stratification, dust‐induced stabilization, and baroclinity. These effects are attributed to the formation and breakdown of the low‐level jet (LLJ), which is a common phenomenon in the Bodélé. However, such processes are likely also relevant for other Saharan regions.


Ultramafites in the Songshugou area to the north of the Shang-Dan fault is the largest one in the East Qinling area, and it is in contact with the Qinling Group as intrusions. The rockbody is composed mainly of fine-grained dunite, macrograined dunite and plagioclase pyroxene peridotite. Zircons from garnet amphibolites are dated by LA-ICPMS, and yielded a zircon U-Pb metamorphic age of 518±19 Ma. Garnet amphibolites in this study occur in a contact-metamorphic zone. The above study presents a preliminary understangding that the ultramafic intrusions were emplaced into the Qinling Group during the tectonic event at about 520 Ma.


A method of measuring speed. A method of calibrating the scale of speeds of a spectrometer Mssbauer of transforming the movements of the rod of the vibrator Mssbauer spectrometer video pulses interference, to save them and simultaneously to their recording, measuring time intervals between times of recording video interference impulses by which the scale of the calibration feature is to judge the speed of the spectrometer of Mssbauer. Application to Mssbauer spectroscopy.


The procedures and preliminary results of accelerated life tests performed within the framework of an evaluation program under the ESA contract are described. In order to calculate the activation energy and median lifetime and to investigate the drift behavior of optical parameters, a conventional three-temperature aging test at 30, 50, and 70 C is performed on 80 laser diodes in total, split into two subgroups operating under quaternary pulse position modulation (QPPM) and nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) modulation at 16 Mbit/s with a PN-code length of (2 exp 7)-1. Measurements before and upon completion of the aging tests consist of P0/I curves, V/I characteristics, photo diode tracking ratios, spectra, mode hopping behaviors, far-field patterns, wave-front errors and astigmatisms, and linear polarization ratios.


Glycoluril-based molecular clips incorporating tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) sidewalls have been synthesized, and the efficient binding ability in solution of this host architecture toward m-dinitrobenzene through donor-acceptor interaction has been demonstrated.


We study how much private mineral owners capture geologically-driven advantages in well productivity through a higher royalty rate. Using proprietary data from nearly 1.8 million leases, we estimate that the six major shale plays generated $39 billion in private royalties in 2014. There is limited pass-through of resource abundance into royalty rates. A doubling of the ultimate recovery of the average well in a county increases the average royalty rate by 1–2 percentage points (a 6–11 percent increase). Thus, mineral owners benefit from resource abundance primarily through a quantity effect, not through negotiating better lease terms from extraction firms. The low pass-through likely reflects a combination of firms exercising market power in private leasing markets and uncertainty over the value of resource endowments.


Objective To explore the effect of Sargassum hemiphyllum polysaccharide(SHP)oral liquid on immune function and serum free radical of mice with radiation injury.Methods Fifty Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group,radiation group,low-dose group,medium-dose group and high-dose group,with 10 mice in each group.Control group and radiation group were given 1 mL normal saline by gavage.Low-,medium-and high-dose groups received 1mL SHP 100,200,and 300mg/kg by gavage,totally for 14 days.All groups except control group were intraperitoneally injected 0.5mL iodine sodium solution on the 15 th day.The thymus index,spleen index,interleukin-2(IL-2),superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and malondialdehyde(MDA)were detected after 24 hours in every group,and spleen cell and thymus cell proliferation induced by concanavalin A were observed.Results The thymus index,spleen index,IL-2,SOD,CAT,MDA,spleen cells and thymus cells proliferation were(11.21±3.37)×10-4,(30.24±5.13)×10-4,(18.08±3.24)ng/L,(238.48±17.13)u/mL,(0.95±0.26)u/mL,(10.33±1.37)μmol/L,0.562±0.220,0.438±0.180 in radiation group,significantly different from those in control group((32.12±5.88)×10-4,(53.56±6.25)×10-4,(37.56±6.21)ng/L,(350.76±31.34)u/mL,(2.53±0.68)u/mL,(5.86±1.25)μmol/L,1.618±0.560,1.332±0.450)),low-dose group((29.37±3.34)×10-4,(61.42±8.14)×10-4,(30.68±5.05)ng/L,(311.72±23.14)u/mL,(1.91±0.32)u/mL,(6.92±1.34)μmol/L,0.926±0.360,0.823±0.250),medium-dose group((33.52±5.14)×10-4,(72.28±5.56)×10-4,(34.62±5.71)ng/L,(312.97±35.56)u/mL,(1.92±0.48)u/mL,(6.78±1.14)μmol/L,0.914±0.320,0.836±0.310)and high-dose group((45.78±6.18)×10-4,(76.28±6.67)×10-4,(35.89±6.15)ng/L,(319.76±26.67)u/mL,(2.02±0.35)u/mL,(6.56±1.18)μmol/L,0.936±0.480,1.082±0.520)(P0.05).As the SHP dosage increased,the free radical level increased,and the radiation damage was relieved(P0.05).Conclusion SHP oral liquid can resist radiation by improving the activity of antioxidase and inhibiting lipid peroxidation in mice with radiation damage,which is positively correlated with SHP dose.


The aim of this study is to examine and analyze the effect of: 1) Accounting Conservatism to Equity Assessment, 2) Ownership of the relationship conservatism managerial ownership accounting by the equity valuation, 3) Number of Board Commissar of Commissioners of the relationship between accounting conservatism with the company's equity valuation Manufacturing Company Registered in PT Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population of this research is all the manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2006-2010. The results shows that: 1) no effect on accounting conservatism equity valuation company with a level Sig. 0303> 0.05 and a coefficient (β) 0:51 then H1 is rejected, 2) Managerial Ownership is not a moderation variable that can interact accounting conservatism relationship with the company's equity valuation to the level of Sig. 0064> 0.05 and a coefficient (β) -0139 then H2 is rejected, 3) Number of Board Commissar is a moderation variable that can interact accounting conservatism relationship with the company's equity valuation to the level of Sig. 0001 <0.05 and a coefficient (β) then H3 0372 acceptable. Suggestions to the same study, the sample should be broaden not only on one type of industry, but also all the variables of Good Corporate Governance suspected to be moderation variable Keywords : Equity assessment, accounting conservatism, managerial ownership, number of board commissar.


Due to its low cost and packet data efficiency, Ethernet has been one of the most influential technologies for Local Area Networks (LAN). Moreover, the 10-Gigabit Ethernet has begun to move Ethernet from the LAN out to encompass the metro area network. The technology features, protocol architecture and the frame format are introduced. In order to realize the logical boundary between the physical layer and the link layer, the protocol of SPI (System Packet Interface) level4 is adopted. A method of realizing the SPI interface of 10-Gigabit Ethernet is put forward and the function block diagram is presented. In order to reduce the power waste of the chip, the parallel algorithm is chosen in the design.


or analgesic tolerance developed to alfentanil but not to morphine (Hill HF et al. Pain 1992; 49: 301-10). Spinal administration of opioids may be indicated in the management of cancer pain in a small number of patients. The mechanism of action, receptor pharmacology, drug efficacy and tolerance are discussed in a recent paper (Yaksh TL. J Pain Symptom Management 1992; 7: 356--61). In another study, plasma morphine-3-glucuronide, morphine-6-glucuronide and morphine concentrations have been measured in patients receiving long-term epidural morphine (Schneider JJ et al. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1992; 34: 431-33). Researchers in Australia conclude that epidural opioid bupivacaine infusion is an effective and a safe technique for long-term administration of analgesics in refractory cancer pain (Du Pen SL et al. Pain 1992; 49: 293-300) .


Objective: This research aims to study the Effect of menopausal symptoms (M.S) on women's Quality of life (QOL) in Benha city (Egypt) and Arar city (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), this aim achieved through: • Investigate the severity of menopausal associated with menopausal status. • Determine the quality of life of menopausal women from two country in Benha City (Egypt) and Arar City (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia). Material and Methods: This research is a descriptive study conducted in Egypt & Saudi Arabia, Hyderabad division from November 2009 to Jule 2010. Among 220 menopausal women. Study Design: Descriptive study design, sample type, convenient sample, 120 menopausal women from Benha in Egypt & 100 menopausal women from Arar in Saudi Arabia, attending to eight primary health care units for different reasons within the age range of 35-54 years. Result: The mean age at Menopause was 46.35 ±4.8 years; in Egypt and the mean age in Saudi Arabia was 49.9 ±2.23. About one third of the sample (32.4%) experience menopausal symptoms between 50-54 years while (13.3%) of the sample reached menopause before 40 years old in study sample (Egypt) no finding any result in Saudi Arabia reached menopause before 40 years old in study sample. The prevalence rate of M.S was (95%) among menopausal women and half of them suffered of moderated M.S. Most menopausal women tend to seek medical care for physical symptoms only and neglect other symptoms especially sexual symptoms. Statistical significant relation was found between M.S. and level of education, occupation, marital status and family income and between QOL and level of education, marital status and family income. While non statistical significant relationships were detected between M.S and QOL and between coping mechanism and level of education, occupation and QOL. Correspondence to: Prof. Gehad M. Abo El Matty, The Departments of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Suez Canal University. Conclusion: This study revealed that M.S negatively affected women's QOL and recommended that developing and disseminating education material to raise community's awareness about menopausal needs (especially psychological needs and nutrition), and possibility of symptomatic treatment. The best of our knowledge this is the first attempt to provide data on menopause and quality of life of women in both country. The severity of menopausal decrease the quality of life in every day of these women.


A design of PCI Express high-speed data acquisition card was presented to improve the data transfer rate and to suitable for be the requirement of mass data interactive processing.The hardcore of Virtex-6 embedded PCIE protocol can fulfil the whole PCIE layering protocal and achieve the communication with upper computer.A DMA controller as a data transmission master-control unit of acquisition card was devised to complete the high-speed data transmission solution based on PCI Express bus.The software system of the host includes drivers and application software.The experiment result indicates that the acquisition card can perform real-time acquisition of infrared images stably and reliably.


A class-action lawsuit claiming that "the Match" (the National Resident Matching Program) violates antitrust laws was filed against the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and several teaching hospitals. The author argues that the Match interferes with the free market and lowers salaries for residents, but the lawsuit may not be successful, given previous court decisions suggesting that antitrust laws apply only to conventional business situations.


The Lunar Penetrating Radar (LPR) onboard the Yutu-2 rover from China's Chang'E-4 (CE-4) mission is used to probe the subsurface structure and the near-surface stratigraphic structure of the lunar regolith on the farside of the Moon. Structural analysis of regolith could provide abundant information on the formation and evolution of the Moon, in which the rock location and property analysis are the key procedures during the interpretation of LPR data. The subsurface velocity of electromagnetic waves is a vital parameter for stratigraphic division, rock location estimates, and calculating the rock properties in the interpretation of LPR data. In this paper, we propose a procedure that combines the regolith rock extraction technique based on local correlation between the two sets of LPR high-frequency channel data and the common offset semblance analysis to determine the velocity from LPR diffraction hyperbola. We consider the heterogeneity of the regolith and derive the relative permittivity distribution based on the rock extraction and semblance analysis. The numerical simulation results show that the procedure is able to obtain the high-precision position and properties of the rock. Furthermore, we apply this procedure to CE-4 LPR data and obtain preferable estimations of the rock locations and the properties of the lunar subsurface regolith.


Woody edible oils are a type of vegetable oil. Woody edible oils like olive oil have greater quantities of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), particularly essential FAs, as well as vitamin E, phytosterols, and other nutrients that are becoming more vital in human health. As a result, finding high‐quality woody oil resource plants is critical to ensuring enough edible oil supply. As six novel woody crops, Paeonia suffruticosa, Plukenetia volubilis, Acer truncatum, Olea europaea, Camellia sinensis, and Camellia oleifera are characterized by high oil production, widespread cultivation, adaptability, and various active ingredients. The six woody crop oils contain UFAs (e.g., α‐linolenic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid), vitamin E, polyphenols, phytosterols, and so forth. The presence of these active ingredients confers anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, cholesterol and lipid metabolism regulating, blood lipid lowering, immune boosting, memory improving, intestinal flora regulating, and other properties to the oils, which are beneficial to body health. This article examined in depth the seed resources, FA composition, active component kinds, active ingredient efficacy mechanism, and physiological impacts of these six novel woody crop oils. These developments lay a solid platform for further study and development of these woody oil crops.


We report a new bioorthogonal ligation reaction between p-nitrodiphenylazirine and dimethyl fumarate. This photoinduced azirine-alkene cycloaddition provides a rapid (~2 min) and highly selective route to protein conjugation at neutral pH and room temperature in biological medium.


The fusion of sports and tourism gives rise to one of the fastest growing special interest tourism to take place until 2020 (Jiménez-Garcı́a et al., 2020). Sports tourism is where people "participate in a sports activity, recreationally or competitively, travel to observe sport at grassroots or elite level, and travel to visit a sports attraction" (Delpy-Neirotti, 2003: 2), and is considered to be a very profitable business (Tassiopoulos and Haydam, 2008). Therefore, it is not surprising that destinations have attempted to include sports events in their strategic plans. Certainly, destination management organizations have benefited from the economic impact on a destination and the accomplishment of positioning strategies. Concurrent to this progression in business, research interest in the analysis of sports tourism has also grown with a broad range of topics that include not only the traditional economic impact (Wood and Meng, 2020) and resident perceptions (Ritchie et al., 2020) but also the impact on the environment (Jiménez-Garcı́a et al., 2020), potential increase in the number of tourists after the events (Meurer and Lins, 2018), and brand knowledge-related issues such as the effect of sports on the image of the destination hosting the event (Kim and Morrison, 2005) or the economic impact of winning athletes on the market value of their own country's tourism industry (Nicolau, 2012; Nicolau and Santa-Marı́a, 2017). This special issue presents a diversity of topics applied not only to hallmark sports events but also to small ones in various countries such as China, Finland, Greece, South Korea, Spain, and the United States. Several different methodologies are used, such as discrete choice models, quantile regression, and structural equation modeling. While an inverse relationship exists between tourism development and property crime (Bianchi and Chen, 2021), tourists first need to feel safe and visit the destination for the tourism development to occur. Uncertain and unsafe environments diminish people's willingness to visit a place, let alone extreme situations such as during pandemics or terrorism attacks (Krajňák, 2020). In the framework of sports tourism, the study of Kim, Choi, and Leopkey analyzes risk-related factors that have a negative influence on people's intentions to travel to a mega sporting event. Although


Based on the literature of the explicit and tacit knowledge management, some key features of tacit knowledge sharing in the scientific research team are concluded. Via a case study with the social network analysis, this paper sheds light on the structural factors impacting the tacit knowledge sharing in scientific research team. Finally, measures dealing with the potential structural obstacles are advanced.


In this paper, we propose an Overlapped Block and an Hanning Window to prevent a Block Discontinuity when we use an algorithm to eliminate ringing artifact which is based on a block structure. The algorithm to eliminate ringing artifact operates with a block structure and 24-RGB data and is based on a modified K-means algorithm. The proposed overlapped block method is piled up one on another per an half of the size of unit-block when an input image is split into several unit-blocks. Therefore, we define a data unit as the unit-block of the block size, pixels. We reconstruct the processed data units into the original form of input image by using an isotropic form of Hanning Window. Finally, in order to evaluate the performance of the abovementioned algorithms, we compare three image, an input image with ringing artifact, an image result obtained by conventional method (non-overlapped), and an image result obtained the proposed method.


Objective To study the effect of 1,25(OH)_2D_3 and 5-fluorouracil on growth and apoptosis of human breast cancer cells.Methods MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell lines were treated with 1,25(OH)_2D_3 or 5-fluorouracil alone,or in combination in vitro.Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay,distribution of cell cycle and rate of apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry,and the expression of bcl-2 protein detected by using immunohistochemistry.Results The inhibitory effect of 1,25(OH)_2D_3 and 5-fluorouracil on proliferation of MCF-7 cells was associated with cell cycle arrest in G_0/G_1 phase or S phase and with induction of apoptosis.Combined use of 1,25(OH)_2D_3 and 5-fluorouracil could inhance the inhibitory effect on proliferation of MCF-7 cells.The increased rate of apoptosis was higher than that of either 1,25(OH)_2D_3 or 5-fluorouracil alone.Either 1,25(OH)_2D_3 or 5-fluorouracil alone could downregulate the bcl-2 protein expression,but bcl-2 protein expression was not detectable when 1,25(OH)_2D_3 combined with 5-fluorouracil.Conclusion 1,25(OH)_2D_3 and 5-fluorouracil synergistically inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in human breast cancer cells.


Along with the development and application of computer network, the network security problem has become an urgent task, and the security problem research also becomes an important topic to the network development. The analytic hierarchy process as a powerful method in system science analyzing was introduced into the research of network security situation awareness. The common model of networks security situational awareness architecture is described, and studies the evaluation method relevantly: from security situation numeric computation, the analytic hierarchy process arithmetic is analysis. When a network includes multiple subnets, the network situation of the total network need to be further aggregated. So a new aggregation model and method was proposed.


ABSTRACT: The cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α induce increases in body temperature via direct and indirect actions on the brain and are believed to act as endogenous pyrogens. We studied the mechanisms of action of these cytokines on fever in rats. Local administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into a subcutaneous air pouch elicits marked fever, accompanied by increases in the levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1, and IL‐6 in the pouch, but only IL‐6 in the plasma. Thus, TNF‐α and IL‐1 probably act locally to stimulate the release of a secondary circulating mediator(s) (e.g., IL‐6) that can interact with the brain. Neural afferents have also been implicated in relaying messages to the brain. Pyrogenic responses are reportedly attenuated by subdiaphragmatic vagotomy; however, we failed to observe inhibition of fever in vagotomized rats injected with either LPS or a pyrogenic dose of IL‐1, although behavioral responses are abolished.


The aim of this paper is to study the advantages and disadvantages of using high silicon ductile iron to produce cast parts with "Dual Phase ADI" microstructure. In this study, four ductile irons with different percentages of silicon: 2.4, 3.1, 3.5, and 4.2%, respectively, were used. Samples from each cast were subjected to heat treatment in order to determine the intercritical interval. Significant increase in the upper and lower critical temperatures was found as the amount of silicon incremented. However, the difference between the lower and upper critical temperatures (intercritical interval amplitude) remained nearly constant for all ductile irons. The materials were metallographically and mechanically characterized in the as-cast conditions and after full annealing heat treatments. Tensile, hardness and impact properties were determined as a function of the silicon level. The results suggest that high silicon ductile iron (Si content ranging from 3.0 to 3.6%) can be used in the manufacture of cast parts with "Dual Phase ADI" microstructures, yielding undeniable advantages in the production process if compared to low and medium silicon ductile irons.


Diarrheal diseases are regarded as 1 of the major community health problems in Thailand. In 1984 the Ministry of Public Health reported that diarrhea was the 1st major cause of death among children under 1 year of age and over 40% of those affected by the disease were found in the age group under 5 years. Community-based oral rehydration therapy (ORT) interventions can show a 50% decrease in diarrheal deaths. This study assesses the impact of an intervention program to promote and deliver oral rehydration salts (ORS) by village health volunteers (VHVs) village health communicators (VHCs) local religious leaders (Imams in Muslim villages only) and village heads (puyaibans). Knowledge of attitudes toward and use of ORS in Buddhist and Muslim villages of Pattani Provnice were compared. In addition factors associated with the effectiveness of health care providers in distributing ORS were identified. The intervention program had a major impact on the use of ORS both Muslim and Buddhist experimental areas. The increase in the use of ORS by mothers in the intervention program was 4 times greater than the increase in the control area resulting in ORS treatment for over 80% of the children under 5 years who had diarrhea during the 6 months of the intervention program. The factors contributing to the evvectiveness of this program were the dramatic increase in service provider activities. 70% of mothers whose children under 5 years had diarrhea treated their children with ORS received from a VHV/VHC. Factors associated with the impact of the VHV/VHC in delivering ORS included the number of home visits they made and the number of their meetings attended by mothers of children under 5 years.


The main subject of this thesis is to propose a new variational formulation of electromagnetic scattering problem with approximate impedance boundary conditions. We consider a perfect conductor coated with a thin dielectric layer. The impedance operator is approximated as a ratio of polynomials of differential operators, so that the boundary conditions are presented as an equation of these polynomials. We call this condition as higher order IBC (HOIBC). We propose the formulation of the problem, the discretization and the numerical results in two dimensional case. Also we elaborate the formulation and some different methods of discretization for three dimensional case.


To solve the problem that the elevator traction wheel slippage is difficult to detect quantitatively, a slippage detection method is proposed based on machine vision. The slip between the traction wheel and the wire rope will occur during the round-trip operation of the elevator, the displacement distance between the traction wheel and the wire rope in the circumferential direction is obtained through the image signal processing algorithm and related data analysis. First, the ROI (region of interest) of the collected original image is selected to reduce redundant information. Then, a nonlinear geometric transformation is carried out to transform the image into the target image with an equal object distance. Finally, the centroid method is used to obtain the slippage between the traction wheel and the wire rope. The field test results show that the absolute error of the system developed in this paper is 0.74 mm and the relative error is 2%, the extending uncertainty of the slip detection results is (33.8 ± 0.69) mm, the confidence probability is p = 0.95, and the degree of freedom is v = 8, which can meet accuracy requirements of elevator maintenance.


This thesis is writing about the project which is developing Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) / Periodic Boundary Condition (PBC) software. The developed software is for modeling microwave absorber material. This project implements the computational electromagnetic method in solving the electromagnetic problem via analysis. Besides that, the developed software is based on FDTD algorithm that well arranged in the Fortran software. Besides the FDTD concept, there are many other concepts that used in this project to properly simulate the microwave absorber material which are combined altogether to create software that able to model Radar Absorber Material (RAM) structure and doing analysis of that structure. The objective and scope of this project will be explained later in this thesis which state what is this project aim and what is the work scope which limits the project workload. All of the concepts involved in this project is written in the literature review part which gives explanation for all of the concepts and equations involved in developing the software. Then when the software is able to execute perfectly, some analysis were carried out. The analysis was done to two structures which are Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) and Radar Absorber Material (RAM) structure. For the FSS structure, the result obtained is the magnitude of transmission coefficient while for RAM structure, the result obtained is magnitude of reflection coefficient. The result obtained is validated by comparing it with the result from commercial software which is CST. Then, it was discussed related to the objective of this project. Lastly the project was concluded by relating the result discussed with respect to the objective stated.


The present invention has a crystal phase having a crystallographic structure of cubic, with atomic ratio of 0.6~0.93 Gd / [Gd + U], uranium, relates to novel materials made of gadolinium and oxygen , the uranium is present in oxidation state + IV and / or + V. The present invention further of such materials, also according to the use as a consumable neutron poison in the fuel element.


e question of what aspects of a language's word structure patterns contribute to its overall complexity has a long tradition. With roots in the notions of linguistic typology associated with traditional grammar, Sapir (; see also Anderson : §.) organizes these matters along three dimensions. One of these concerns the range of concepts represented by morphological markers, and refers to the extent of elaboration of the inflectional and derivational category structure of a language. A second refers to the range of marker types, and thereby differentiates transparent affixation of the sort associated with pure "agglutinating" languages from a variety of other formal processes by which morphological information can be conveyed. e third dimension is that of the overall internal complexity of words, the sheer number of distinct pieces of information that are combined in a single word, ranging from the simplest case of "isolating" languages that involve (little or) no morphological combination up to the "polysynthetic" type in which most or all of the components of a full sentence are expressed within a single word. My goal in this chapter is to develop and elaborate a characterization of the morphological characterization of languages along lines similar to Sapir's, so as not only to serve similar typological goals but also to provide a framework for understanding the questions of linguistic typology that motivate other authors in this volume. In that spirit, I will feel free to propose an agenda of questions to be asked about languages without being obliged to offer a comprehensive set of answers. Before proceeding to that enterprise, however, I want to step back from the details and ask what it is about morphology that constitutes "complexity" in the broader picture of human natural language.


This study focused on the influence of family structure on academic achievement in the Kwabre East Municipal Area. This study is guided by three objectives, namely to determine the families' roles in the academic achievement of senior high school students, to identify the challenges to the adequate performance of families' roles in the academic achievement of senior high school students and to investigate the influence of family structure on academic achievement of senior high school students in the Kwabre East Municipal Area. This study is a cross-sectional study where data were collected from 363 students in the Kwabre East Municipal. The data collection instrument was a structured questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. Pearson Correlation Coefficient is used to establish the relationship between family structure and academic achievement of the respondents. The majority of the respondents disagreed that parents give school authorities health information about wards and academic histories. The parent does not support their wards in-home learning. Parents, however, support ICT learning in the schools and attend school programs such as an anniver-sary. Financial hardship was a significant challenge for the effective involvement of parents in the academic achievement of students. There is a significant strong positive correlation between parental roles in education and students' academic achievement. Parents should be made aware and encouraged to provide vital information, such as their wards' health information and academic history to school authorities. Parents should be made aware and encouraged to ensure their wards do their assignments. Parents should be encouraged to provide their children with required learning materials.


The appearance of the photorefractive effect on all optical polling (OP) of a bulk glass is investigated. During OP, a refractive-index grating accumulates in the glass and radiation effectively diffracts through it. The theory of the self-diffraction of light has been developed and the resultant expression for the amplitude of the diffracted light has been deduced, considering the geometry of formation of the refractive-index grating in glass upon interaction of the intersecting Gaussian beams. The results of the experimental investigation of the diffraction of light on the photorefractive gratings induced in some oxide glasses have been presented. The experimental results obtained are in agreement with the theory, based on a model of formation of a spatially periodic electrostatic field in glass via the coherent photogalvanic effect. The phenomenon of light diffraction can be used to investigate the physical properties of all OP in different glass media and to search for new, effective photorefractive materials.


Conductivity, density, and acidity (pH) measurements were made on a series of uranyl nitrate solutions under conditions closely simulating the process used to load weak acid resins in the preparation of the HTGR recycle fuel particle. To relate these parameters to the uranium and nitrate concentrations of the solutions, a least-squares fit of the experimental data and mathematical expressions resulting from computer curve-fitting techniques was made. Measurements were made on solutions having concentrations of 0.05 to 1.27 M uranium, 0.1 to 2.0 M nitrate, and NO/sub 3//U ratios from 1.56 to 2.3. These measurements were made at 25, 30, 40, 50, and 75/sup 0/C. From these experiments, the necessary data were obtained to write two computer programs which can be used to predict or calculate uranium and nitrate concentrations of the process solutions and which will allow control of the process to be exercised in the particle preparation.


The present invention relates to chitosan nanofiber for delivering anionic protein, a preparation method thereof, and a transmucosal administrative agent including the chitosan nanofiber. The chitosan nanofiber comprises a core which contains anionic protein and a shell which contains chitosan, wherein the core is obtained by injecting a drug solution containing anionic protein drug into a nozzle and injecting a solution containing chitosan or its derivatives into an outer nozzle and coaxial electrospinning the solution. [Reference numerals] (AA) Chitosan


Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of the traditional anterior surgical method and the thoracoscope-assisted minimal incision surgery for thorocolumbar burst fracture.Method:62 patients with thorocolumbar burst fracture were treated either by traditional anterior surgery,or by thoracoscope-assisted minimal incision anterior surgery between January 2005 and December 2008.There were 35 patients in traditional group,with 19 males and 15 females,the average age was 42 years,the segements were involved as follows,T11 in 2 cases,T12 in 12 cases,L1 in 18 cases,L2 in 3 cases,and the average kyphotic angle was 19.5°.33 cases suffered incomplete paraplegia.There were 27 patients in thoracoscope-assisted minimal group,with 15 males and 12 females,the average age was 39 years,the involved segements were T11 in 2 cases,T12 in 9 cases,L1 in 14 cases,L2 in 2 cases,and the average kyphotic angle was 18.8°,23 cases suffered incomplete paraplegia.The early therapeutic efficacy of all patients in both groups was observed by follow-up.Result:All operations were successful,no complication related to blood vessels or spinal injury occurred.In traditional group,the average operation time was 190min,the mean blood loss was 1000ml,the mean drainage volume within the first two days was 450ml,while in thoracoscope-assisted minimal incision group,operation time was 230min,the blood loss was 600ml,the drainage volume within the first two days was 275ml.There were significant difference in these data between the two groups(P0.05),but no difference in the correction rate of kyphotic angle(P0.05) as mean correction angle of the kyphosis was 18.1° by traditional method,18.5° by the minimal incision group.The fellow-up time was 16.5 months(range,from 8~24 months).There was no fail-ure of internal fixation and no loss of corrective kyphotic angle in two groups,all patients had successfully bony fusion.Postoperative neurological fuction was improved at least Ⅰ degree for all incomplete paraplegia patients.In traditional group,the complications included 5 cases with dynamic ileus,9 cases with iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerve injury,3 cases with pulmonary atelectasis,and 1 case with wound healing problem.There were 2 cases with dynamic ileus,3 cases with iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerve injury,1 case with pulmonary in thoracoscope-assisted minimal group.All above complications were cured by symptomatic treatment .Conclusion:Both traditional anterior surgery and thorascope-assisted minimal incision surgery for thoracolumbar burst fracture may obtain a satisfactory outcome at early clinical stage,but the thoraco-scopeassisted minimal incision surgery can provide less complication and tissue invasion.


F-(X)={α∈TX:x∈X,xα≤x} is an order-decreasing transformation semigroup.α∈F-(X)andα an idempotent,then let =T-α(X)={f∈TX:(x,y)∈ker(α)■(xf,yf)∈ker(α)and xfα≤xα},Fix element θ in the semi-group T-α(X)and define an operation"°" on T-α(X),for an arbitraryf,g∈T-α(X)and f°g=fθg,which is the production of mappings.We refer the semi-group after the new operation as a variant semi-group of T-α(X),denoted by T-α(X;θ).In this paper we discuss the Green's relations and regularity.


High accuracy, quality and throughput are key factors in laser micro machining. To obtain these goals the ablation process, the machining strategy and the scanning device have to be optimized. The precision is influenced by the accuracy of the galvo scanner and can further be enhanced by synchronizing the movement of the mirrors with the laser pulse train. To maintain a high machining quality i.e. minimum surface roughness, the pulse-to-pulse distance has also to be optimized. Highest ablation efficiency is obtained by choosing the proper laser peak fluence together with highest specific removal rate. The throughput can now be enhanced by simultaneously increasing the average power, the repetition rate as well as the scanning speed to preserve the fluence and the pulse-to-pulse distance. Therefore a high scanning speed is of essential importance. To guarantee the required excellent accuracy even at high scanning speeds a new interferometry based encoder technology was used, that provides a high quality signal for closed-loop control of the galvo scanner position. Low inertia encoder design enables a very dynamic scanner system, which can be driven to very high line speeds by a specially adapted control solution. We will present results with marking speeds up to 25 m/s using a f = 100 mm objective obtained with a new scanning system and scanner tuning maintaining a precision of about 5 μm. Further it will be shown that, especially for short line lengths, the machining time can be minimized by choosing the proper speed which has not to be the maximum one.


OBJECTIVE To analyze the resistance status of pathogens in our hospital in the year of 2000. METHODS Bacterial cultures were performed with routine method, and bacterial identification and susceptibility test were made with VITEK Ams. RESULTS A total of 1 193 strains were isolated during 2000, including 440 strains of Gram positive bacteria and 753 strains of Gram negative bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus accounted for 51.6% and 13.9%, respectively, in Gram positive bacteria, and MRSA accounted for 54% in S.aureus. The most common isolates in negative bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa(25%), Klebsiella pneumoniae(16%), and Escherichia coli(12%). ESRLs produced rate in E.coli and K.pneumoniae were 43% and 39%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Gram negative bacteria were main pathogens and S.aureus was the most common Gram positive organism in our hospital. The bacterial distribution was similar to other domestic famous hospitals, and the majority of the isolated bacteria was multi resistant to antibiotics.


Light (LM) and electron microscopic (EM) observations of most biological specimens need proper tissue preservation followed by both thick and ultrathin sectioning using an ultramicrotome. During this method, the fresh specimens are generally cut into small pieces, fixed, dehydrated, passed through a transitional solvent, infiltrated in an electron beam-resistant resin epoxy or acrylic, and finally polymerized into tissue blocks. The polymerized specimen blocks are usually trimmed to a trapezoidal shape and sectioned. For many such studies, it might be essential to initially make thick sections of the trimmed resin blocks for LM observations [1]. Subsequently, ultrathin sections may be made for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This traditional procedure is useful for researchers as well as students learning to section resinembedded tissue blocks. However, this standard thick sectioning technique is a time-consuming method where the trimmed block is loaded onto a chuck of an ultramicrotome and thick (0.5 to 2 μm) sections are made using a glass or diamond knife. The sections then may be collected, one at a time, by dry retrieval method or by using a drop of water placed on the cutting edge of the knife. This protocol may need different tools namely, a clean eyebrow hair mounted on an orangewood stick, a flattened orangewood stick (spatula shaped), or a fine pair of tweezers. The individual sections are then transferred onto a drop of water placed on a clean, oil free, glass slide. Precautions are taken to avoid wrinkled or folded sections. It is often a daunting task to pick up sections without losing it behind the knife edge, and during the transfer process from knife edge to the water droplet. This is quite frustrating for a new learner and especially a student who has limited time during the semester to master this technique. Even after successful transfers, the sections may be too thick to image or are wrinkled (fig. 1), and as a result the process often needs to be repeated.


To determine the frequency and severity of complications following transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) guided prostatic biopsy, and of pain during the procedure.


The authors present data which argue against the iatrogenesis of multiplepersonality disorder (MPD). Twenty-two cases reported lJy one Canadianpsychiatrist, 23 cases reported lJy a second Canadian psychiatrist, 48 cases seen lJy 44 Americanpsychiatrists specializing in MPD, and 44 cases seen lJy 40 Canadian general psychiatrists without a special interest in MPD are compared. The Canadian generalpsychiatrists hadseen an averageof2.2 cases ofMPD, while theAmericanshadseen anaverageof16. O. There were no differences between these groups on the diagnostic criteria for MPD or the number of personalities identified. Specialists in MPD are not influencingtheirpatients to create an increased numberofperson alities or to endorse more diagnostic criteria. Exposure to hypnosis does not appear to influence the phenomenology ofMPD. Since the nineteenth century (Binet, 1896; Ellenberger, 1970), there have been suspicions that multiple personality disorder (MPD) is the iatrogenic product ofthe relationship between a suggestible patient and a misguided therapist. Binet (1890, 1896) and others demonstrated the artificial production of dissociated states in the nineteenth century. In the 1940s a review article (Taylor & Martin, 1944) dealt with iatrogenesis and a series of papers (Harriman, 1942a; Harriman, 1942b; Harriman, 1943; Leavitt, 1947) demon strated that analogs of some of the features of MPD can be induced experimentally in normal highly-hypnotic volun teers. Recent work has confirmed these findings with more rigorous experiments (Kampman, 1976; Spanos, Weekes & Bertand 1985; Spanos, Weekes, Menary & Bertrand, 1987). The belief that MPD is an iatrogenic artifact has no support from the study ofactual MPD patients, however. On the other hand, there are no data from a large series ofMPD cases which argue against iatrogenesis. To date the best argument against the iatrogenesis of MPD is based on extensive clinical experience (Braun, 1984; KIuft, 1982; KIuft, 1987). In the context ofthis controversy, we collected 236 cases of MPD reported to us by 203 clinicians throughout North America, who had jointly seen 1807 cases (Ross, Norton & Wozney, 1989). The 236 cases included 44 cases seen by 40 general Canadian psychiatrists, and 48 cases seen by 44 American psychiatrists specializing in MPD who are mem bers of the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation (ISSMP&D). The remainder of the 236 cases were reported by psychologists and other non medical therapists. In addition we gathered data on 22 cases ofMPD seen by one Canadian psychiatrist, and 23 cases seen by a second Canadian psychiatrist, both of whom are members of ISSMP&D. We thought it would be instructive to study single caseloads of two Canadian specialists in MPD, to determine' whether their patients differ from cases seen by generalist colleagues. We compared the four groups of MPD cases to deter mine their differences and similarities. We hypothesized that if MPD is due to iatrogenesis, then specialists in MPD ought to exert this influence more strongly than general psychiatrists. If MPD is due to iatrogenesis, the following should be observed:


To develop the PCR molecular marker detecting the chromatin of Haynaldia villosa,the sequence specific to H.villosa was isolated and then the molecular marker was developed based on its sequence.A PCR fragment specific to H.villosa was detected when PCR was conducted using the degenerate primers XLS and A3 designed according to the conserved domain of resistant genes.The result of restriction fragment length polymorphism and the sequence information showed that this specific amplicon was composed by four different fragments homologous to retrotransposon.The southern blotting was conducted using the pHv29 as probe and only the line containing the chromatin of H.villosa could produce intensive signal,so pHv29 was a specific retrotransposon of H.villosa.When the PCRs were conducted using the primers(pHv29-F and pHv29-R) designed according to the sequence of pHv29,only the templates containing the chromatin of H.villosa could amplify the specific fragment pHv29433.pHv29433 can be used as a PCR molecular marker to detect the chromatin of H.villosa.


It's easy to get caught up in the buzz about blockchain. Aerospace and defense (A&D) evangelists claim the technology will revolutionize the tremendously complex supply chains of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and their suppliers by transforming processes as diverse as contracting and certification. Yet when we speak with industry executives, most have been slow to adopt the technology, in part because of one stubborn issue: it's difficult to see how blockchain will create value.


Rapid economic growth and the geographical dimensions of China have caused the country to emerge as a power in the East Asian region in recent years. However, China's rise has raised questions about what kind of power the country aims to become, if China will challenge the current international order within which it has developed over the last thirty years or if China could rise peacefully. This work aims to analyze the relevant aspects of the trajectory of Chinese foreign policy, with special focus on the Chinese government speech of "peaceful rise", seeking to question this Chinese strategy, facing the challenge of the Sino-Japanese political relations at the present, especially regarding the sovereignty dispute over the Diaoyu / Senkaku islands. The conflict over these islands is a complex and sensitive issue for these two countries, regarding the weight of the historical past in this dispute, as well as the geopolitical issue of the energy reserves in the area and the political implications that this conflict might have in other territorial disputes that China and Japan are involved with other neighbors.


This study objective was to describe the epidemiological profile of pregnant women with syphilis, in addition to identifying the detection rate of syphilis in pregnant women and the incidence of congenital syphilis in a city in the state of Bahia. It is a descriptive study, whose information were collected through the syphilis notification sheets in pregnant women and congenital syphilis, in the Info rmation System of
Notification of Injury, between 2010 and 2015. Of the pregnant women studied, the majority were young (21 to 30 years old), belonging to the black race and presented low level of schooling. A total of 204 pregnant women with syphilis were identified, with an increase in the detection rate, especially in the years 2014 and 2015. Of those, 31 cases progressed to congenital syphilis, which had a high incidence compared to the goal set by the World Health Organization. Most of the pregnant women who had an outcome in congenital syphilis (24/31) performed prenatal care, but only 19% had their partners treated. Qualifying prenatal care is essential if measures are to be taken to prevent and control the disease.


This work investigates the amount of information about failures required to simulate a synchronous distributed system by an asynchronous distributed system prone to crash-recovery failures. A failure detection sequencer SigmaCR for the crash-recovery failure model is defined, which outputs information about crashes and recoveries and about the state of the crashed or recovered processes. Using the simulation technique of a synchronizer, it is shown that in general it is impossible to implement a synchronizer in an asynchronous distributed system with an arbitrary number of concurrent crash-recovery faults. It is shown that a synchronizer is implementable given SigmaCR and an asynchronous distributed system with at least one correct process. Furthermore, it is proven that SigmaCR can be emulated in a synchronous distributed system and hence can be regarded as the weakest failure detection device suitable to implement a synchronizer in the crash-recovery failure model.


In a previous paper, a new fracture-toughness-measuring technique was presented which made it possible to evaluate the functional relationship between load and cracklength at the moment of crack initiation or arrest. It was demonstrated that this relationship is directly relatable to the strain energy release rate and experimental results were presented for a 7075-T6 aluminum alloy. This paper presents the results of additional exploratory work as the concept is applied to more 7075-T6 aluminum, a 250 grade maraging steel, and AZ31B magnesium plate.


Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has had a major impact on the clinical management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, clinical responses to ICB are observed in only a fraction of patients. In the present paper, we used multimodal approaches to a) evaluate the utility of existing ICB biomarkers including tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and a T-cell specific signature in predicting therapy response in HNSCC using TCGA cohort, and; b) identify a novel molecular signature to predict ICB therapy response using an ICB clinical trial of HNSCC. Our results confirm previous reports showing TMB efficacy as a biomarker and its outcome can be influenced by age, tumor sub-site, and smoking status; and that High-TMB and high-MSI tumors are associated with T-cell signature, and better survival probability in the HNSCC. We go on to demonstrate that High-TMB and high-MSI utilizes cell-cycle/cell proliferation processes for their molecular functionality; and identify a novel Cell Proliferation ICB-therapy Predicting (CPIP) signature capable of predicting ICB therapy response in HNSCC, retrospectively, where traditional biomarkers of ICB response were insufficient. In summary, the present study defines strategies and novel signatures that can be appropriately used for patient selection for ICB therapy that can improve the clinical outcomes of HNSCC patients.


This paper presents a proposal of leptonjets/jet discriminator system for operating at the Second Level Trigger of ATLAS. The system processes formated calorimetry data, so that high performance can be achieved. The data processed, based in specialist knowledge, feed linear or non-linear classifiers with somewhat close performance. This implementation resulted on high leptonjets detection efficiency for a low false alarm.


This article considers the problem of modelling the lead-time demand for multiple slow-moving inventory items in the case when the available demand history is very short, and a large percentage of items has only zero records. The Bayesian approach is used to overcome these problems with the past demand data: it is proposed to use the beta-binomial model to predict the lead-time demand probability distribution for each item. Further, an extension of this model is developed which incorporates the prior information regarding the maximum expected probability of demand per period. Parameter estimation and Bayesian forecasting routines are derived for the new model. The performance of the proposed techniques is evaluated by a simulation study.


Comparative educators can enhance research by developing and including in their research findings a cognitive map to show perceptions of how knowledge claims interrelate. Three research relationships utilize different methodologies: (1) the researcher objectifies the phenomena; (2) the researcher position is preferential to the research object but allows subject input; and (3) the relationship is one of interaction. Mapping represents the intercultural dialogue in the third research relationship, and two figures illustrate examples of the social map. Social cartography helps comparative educators order and interpret the relativism and growing fragmentation of cultures. Three types of maps identify ways to provide visual explanations: (1) the phenomenographic map positions phenomena in relation to one another; (2) the conceptual map develops perceived relationships within or between categories; and (3) the mimetic map imitates reality and has a geographic nature. Map utilization as a part of comparative studies provides a visual dialogue of cultural flow and influences appropriate for future work in comparative education. (CK) ************w********************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Social Cartography: A New Methodology for Comparative Studies Martin Liebman Rolland Paulston U S DEPARTMENT Of EDUCATION Office ot Educational Research and Irnprovement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) .4E,Trcis document has been reprociaced s eived born the Person or organization originating il n Minor changes have been made lo improve reproduction duality Points of view or opinions statedin thisdoc,. men! do COI necessarily represent othoal OE RI posthon pohcy "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATJRIAL AS BEEN GRANTED BY


Synthetic aperture radar on geosynchronous earth orbit (GEOSAR) has significant potential advantages over the Low Earth Orbit SAR, such as the short revisit period and the large coverage area. However, the key problems in GEOSAR imaging process are ionospheric effects which will result in the defocusing with the classical imaging algorithm. Hence, we firstly analyze the ionospheric effects on the slant range model of GEOSAR. Then, an improved CS algorithm is proposed in this paper. Finally, the imaging simulations for the point targets are implemented. The imaging results show the correctness and effectiveness of the new imaging technique on the ionospheric effects.


The goal of this paper is to develop and test a multidisciplinary optimization technique for designing structures that are subjected to both static and dynamic loads, using the digital twin of a vehicle hood as an example. This method reduces the weight of the hood reinforcement and increases the probability of pedestrian survival when hitting the head. This is due to the implementation of technological and layout constraints, as well as the requirements for stiffness, frequency characteristics and hood denting.


The Trinity and the hypostatic union are among the most difficult doctrines in systematic theology. The difficulties originate from several sources: The doctrines are distinctive of theology, they are a mystery beyond human comprehension, adequate methodology to study them is lacking, and no effective analogies have existed for comparison. A renewed study combining physics and theology shows that it is possible to identify effective and thought-provoking analogies to the Trinity and the hypostatic union. In this paper I explore the relationship between (1) the triple point and the Trinity, and (2) complementarity and the hypostatic union. Awareness of such similarities has value for both physicists and theologians. For the physicist, the existence of analogy with theology is intellectually satisfying and shows that physics can be useful in a wholly diverse area of inquiry. For the theologian, the use of analogy stimulates new perspectives and provides an epistemic counterpart from which to view complicated points of theology.


It is not completely agreed on how top-down strategy and bottom-up strategy are used in reading.This paper argues that both of them should be combined in reading.It analises the importance of making good use of the two reading strategies in order to help foster the ability to understand the reading material.


The didgeridoo is an ancient Aboriginal instrument traditionally crafted from Eucalyptus trees which have been hollowed out by termites. The instrument is an excellent example of a simple one‐dimensional acoustic resonator with a fundamental resonance corresponding to one‐half wavelength. Today, the ubiquity and low cost of PVC pipes make didgeridoos inexpensive, easy to find, and trivial to construct from materials found at any hardware store. Students will have fun learning to make sounds with the instrument—perhaps they will even learn the technique of circular breathing—all while exploring fundamental principles of acoustics. As further investigation students can hum as they play, resulting in "beats, the speed of which can be adjusted by changing the pitch of the hum.


Significance Antifreeze proteins have evolved to inhibit ice growth in organisms living at subfreezing temperatures; the mechanism by which these proteins recognize and bind ice is not understood. It has been proposed that antifreeze proteins recognize ice by preordering water at the ice-binding site already in solution. Here we use multiresolution molecular simulations to demonstrate that preordering of interfacial water is not needed for ice recognition by antifreeze proteins. We predict that preordering could emerge on the large ice-binding surfaces of aggregates of ice-nucleating proteins, where it may assist with ice nucleation. Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) inhibit ice growth in organisms living in cold environments. Hyperactive insect AFPs are particularly effective, binding ice through "anchored clathrate" motifs. It has been hypothesized that the binding of hyperactive AFPs to ice is facilitated by preordering of water at the ice-binding site (IBS) of the protein in solution. The antifreeze protein TmAFP displays the best matching of its binding site to ice, making it the optimal candidate to develop ice-like order in solution. Here we use multiresolution simulations to unravel the mechanism by which TmAFP recognizes and binds ice. We find that water at the IBS of the antifreeze protein in solution does not acquire ice-like or anchored clathrate-like order. Ice recognition occurs by slow diffusion of the protein to achieve the proper orientation with respect to the ice surface, followed by fast collective organization of the hydration water at the IBS to form an anchored clathrate motif that latches the protein to the ice surface. The simulations suggest that anchored clathrate order could develop on the large ice-binding surfaces of aggregates of ice-nucleating proteins (INP). We compute the infrared and Raman spectra of water in the anchored clathrate motif. The signatures of the OH stretch of water in the anchored clathrate motif can be distinguished from those of bulk liquid in the Raman spectra, but not in the infrared spectra. We thus suggest that Raman spectroscopy may be used to probe the anchored clathrate order at the ice-binding surface of INP aggregates.


Take V-grooved steel plate 30mm in thickness for example to research the distribution of temperature field about the multi-pass welding of steel plate with intermediate thickness in the whole process of welding and cooling. With the establishment of a reasonable three-dimensional solid model, the utility of ANSYS software for finite element analysis, the usage of birth-death elements and the setting of normal Gauss heat source included, steps are taken to achieve the goal that the process of multi-pass welding about steel plate in intermediate thickness is simulated and the law of distribution about welding temperature field is obtained. The research results indicate the following: the temperature in every point of base metal changes constantly when the steel plate 30mm in thickness is being welded, the heat input position and position behind heat source are the integral parts which have the highest temperature during the process that welded joints are welded, the temperature gradient in front of welding arc is pretty big as well as that behind welding arc is relatively small. That the calculation results are consistent with actual observations provides exactly reliable references to stress field of the welding about steel plates.


In this paper, we have investigated the effect of additional thin SiO2 layer on switching variability of SiN<italic>x</italic>-based resistive memory (RRAM). We found that excessive LRS state generated in set operation results in large reset current and abrupt reset operation. The abrupt reset operation leads to large distribution of HRS. To investigate the transient characteristics of switching procedure in detail, measurement environment was implemented with equivalent circuit, and measured current from equipment was separated into capacitive and resistive current of resistive memory cell. Consequently, we point the internal overshoot current occurring in set operation as the cause of the excessive leaky state leading to large resistance distributions. Finally, we confirm the effect of low resistance state value (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{{\text{LRS}}}$</tex-math> </inline-formula>) and cell capacitance (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{{\text{DUT}}}$</tex-math> </inline-formula>) on the internal overshoot current of RRAM.