s for posters will be invited on the topic of "dietetic practice" research. (That is any research that dietitians become involved in during their work). *Education Practice Group 2 DIETS Conference – Frankfurt 2008 C We would love you to join us for the 2 DIETS Conference in Frankfurt, Germany on 25 and 26 September 2008. Please register your interest on our website: www.thematicnetworkdietetics.eu Nuria Esforzado*, Federico Cofán*, Federico Oppenheimer*, Nahyr Schinca DN** Sonia Hervas DN** Montserrat Pujades DN** *Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Unit & **Dietetic Unit, Nutrition and Endocrinology Service, Hospital Clínico, Barcelona, Spain. Obesity is the most prevalent metabolic disease in the Western world, affecting more than 20% of the industrialised population. The prevalence of obesity in patients who undergo kidney transplantation stands between 10% and 19% according to most studies. An increased risk of complications related to surgical injury including wound dehiscence, haematomas and infections can occur. The potential synergetic effect between pre-existing obesity, cardiovascular risk factors caused by immunosuppressive medication and further weight gain post transplant may result in the development of health problems following renal transplantation, associated with reduced long term survival. A relative increased risk of many diseases such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemias, arterial hypertension and metabolic syndrome has been noted in patients following renal transplantation. The treatment of obesity in patients following kidney transplanted patients must include many considerations. Dietetic treatment should be individualised, instigated as soon as possible to prevent the development and complications of obesity. Physical activity must be increased, and in some cases psychotherapy is required to support the modification of food habits. The surgical treatment of obesity is only indicated in those cases were there is severe and morbid obesity. Moreover, the many risks associated with surgery in this patient group mean that surgery is indicated only in exceptional cases. Actividad Dietética • No 33 • 2007:2-7 Every year, dietitians in big European cities are assessing and advising patients/clients with a very different food culture than they are used to. These patients, or their parents, have their roots in Africa, Asia or the Mediterranean. They eat traditional foods from their community as well as Western dishes. The largest immigrant communities in Belgium are Moroccan and Congolese. In the Netherlands, they are Turkish and Indonesian. A high prevalence of overweight, obesity and diabetes mellitus has been recently documented in these communities. We think that it is essential for our students to gain knowledge of the dietary patterns and intakes of these communities in order to be able to provide appropriate dietary treatment for patients from these communities. Therefore, since 2000, the Erasmus Hogeschool Brussel (Brussels) and de Haagse Hogeschool (The Hague) are working together on a project of food habits and dietetic management of people from immigrant communities. The project starts off with the Belgian students travelling to The Hague by train. On arrival, they are mixed with Dutch students and divided into small groups. They receive an introductory talk about the migration history in Belgium and the Netherlands as well as a talk from a Dutch-Turkish dietitian sharing her work experiences. Then the students receive a list of research questions about Muslim and Turkish food habits. They also visit a mosque where an imam tells the students about the food rules in the Koran. The Dutch part of the programme ends with a delicious dinner of home-made Turkish dishes. The second part of the programme takes place in Brussels. The Belgian and Dutch students visit an organisation that helps Moroccan mothers with food education. Research questions are also included as are visits to local shops, a workshop using diabetes mellitus case studies and, of course, cooking, tasting and eating together. This year, we are planning on completing our project by adding Congolese and Indonesian food habits to the programme as these are the second largest communities respectively in Belgium and the Netherlands. The project is also interesting as the Belgian and Dutch students and their lecturers learn from each other's teaching methods. The Dutch use a teaching system based predominantly on self-study with the onus of responsibility on the students whereas the Belgians provide more teaching and directed learning for their students. 1 Communities who have their roots in other countries. Obesity in Patients Undergoing Renal Transplantation Education of Student Dietitians E WHAT'S HAPPENING IN DIETETICS D WHAT'S HAPPENING IN DIETETICS


The study aims to identify the metaphors associated with the EU in the economic press published in Romanian and Russian languages in the Republic of Moldova after signing the Association Agreement (AAs). It set out to answer the following research questions: How Moldovan economic newspapers frame the EaP issues through metaphors? Are these metaphors meant to increase the EU appeal to readers of economic newspapers? For this purpose, we conducted a quantitative and qualitative content analysis of a corpus of Moldavian economic newspapers in order to identify the EU-based metaphors.


The invention relates to a dishwasher with a rinsing container (1) and a drying device (7), which comprises a sorption column (19) with a reversibly dehydrogenatable drying agent (21), and with an air circuit through the rinsing container (1) and the drying device (7) , The invention is characterized by a temperature sensor (15, 17) which is arranged in the direction of flow of circulating in the air cycle air in front of the drying device (7) and behind the rinsing container (1).


Discloses gate dielectric laminate (1) a method and system for improving characteristics by exposure to plasma. The method includes a step of providing a substrate gate dielectric stack having a high dielectric constant layer (30) formed in (10,125) (1), one of the rare gas and oxygen-containing gas or nitrogen-containing gas a method having the steps of the process gas is generated a plasma, process gas pressure, so as to control the amount of neutral radicals relative to the amount of ionic radicals in the plasma, and a gate dielectric stack to the plasma is selected the laminate (1) so as to improve characteristics by exposing the body (1).


Abstract Psychoanalysis is a technique to let creativity develop, and thought must be a prelude to action, rather than its substitute. Megalomania, redefined according to Bion as the capacity to act responsibly, lies at the extreme positive end of the spectrum of personality.


The load frequency control (LFC) aims to keep the frequency fluctuation of the power grids within certain specified limits, under various load disturbances. However, with the increased usage of renewable energy sources (RESs) in smart grids, it is essential to regulate the conventional power plants, based on renewable energy penetration levels. Moreover, with the decentralized nature of the control operation in smart grids, the communication network between the control center and actuator faces the challenge of random communication delays and packet drops in the form of cyberattacks. In this article, the conventional thermal power plant operations within an LFC have been modified using energy storage elements with an emphasis on maximizing the RES utilization while tackling the problems associated with cyber-physical systems, such as packet drops and random time delays. A filtered proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller is tuned in the LFC using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, including random time delays and cyberattacks modeled as random packet drops. The tuned PID control performance in the LFC scheme is tested with synthetic stochastic as well as real profiles of RES and load demands. The numerical analysis has been conducted on two-area LFC model with Monte Carlo simulations of stochastic demand and generation profiles. Note to Practitioners—We are moving toward more renewable energy-based cyber-physical power grids, and it is becoming increasingly important to understand the limits of the balance between more renewable energy integration versus changing the prime-mover in thermal power generation units to meet uncertain load demands. This article proposes a new load frequency control (LFC) scheme employing a nonlinear dead-zone element between the control signals and the actuators (prime movers), which allows the utilization of the available renewable energy sources (RESs) to meet the load and then send a set-point change command in the thermal power generators if the RES does not meet the load. The robustness of the smart grid stability is also verified with the denial-of-service (DoS)-type cyberattack, which is represented in the form of high probability of packet drops and stochastic time delays in the communication channels between the control center and the generation units. It is also essential to understand how different stochastic profiles may affect the stability and performance of the tuned LFC loops, under random time delays and packet dropouts. These are quantified using the uncertainty bounds of grid frequency, its rate of change, control inputs, and power exchange between the two areas that are analyzed using Monte Carlo simulations with different types of nonstationary load and RES profiles and also using real data to show the effectiveness of the LFC scheme with communication constraints and the resulting imperfections.


This poem explores the cyclical process of life and questions the mythology behind humanity's central position in our narrative of that cycle. The poem uses a small spring high in the Blue Ridge Mountains, which is one of the sources of the Chattahoochee River, as a metaphor for a circular, rather than linear, understanding of nature and ecology, time, and being.


LOGIC AND TECTONIC UNITS. Neesemann, A.1, van Gasselt, S.1, Hauber, E.2, Neukum, G.1, 1Freie Universitaet Berlin (FUB), Institute of Geological Sciences / Planetary Sciences and Remote Sensing, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany, 2Insitute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Rutherfordstr. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany (firstname.lastname@example.com) AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA Introduction: The tectonic and volcanic history of Mars is mainly concentrated on the Tharsis rise and its adjacent area. Many investigations with the aim of classifying the tectonic and volcanic events in time and space, that led to the complex surface features, have been conducted by various authors [1]-[4]. As a further contribution to a better understanding of this region we chose Tempe Terra with its complex pattern of graben and faults with rift-related volcanism [5], [6] in the northeastern sector of the Tharsis bulge. In contrast to former studies which are primarily about the investigation of the extension direction, fault lenght displacement or strain measurements [7]-[11] we classified the faults in sets of different ages to estimate changes in orientation with time. Geomorphology: Tempe Terra is an approx. 2.1 ·106 km2 plateau of old cratered Noachian to early Hesperian highland materials situated on the northeastern reaches of Tharsis. In addition to the rift system which cuts the plateau and on which analysis of this work is focussed Tempe embodies a variety of geologic features such as preto post-rifting volcanism, mountain ranges and sedimentary deposits such as dunes or flow structures. At first sight, the rift system can be divided into at least two fault systems with different orientation (see Tab. 1) and shape. The background pattern known as the Mareotis Fossae consists of sets of long, subparallel linear faults trending around 30◦. Single faults especially in the northeastern region had been exposed to erosion for a long time. As a result graben floors are mostly filled with wind-blown sediments and slopes are degraded whereby the initial depth of the graben can be only assumed. The much more complex and predominant fault system Tempe Fossae is an interesting study area to obtain a better understanding of the stages of tectonic activity around Tharsis. For a detailed description of the two systems see [5], [6]. Data: For this study we made use of various data from different spacecrafts resp. camera systems and measuring instruments depending on the geologic question for detailed photogeological mapping of Tempe Terra. Image data received by the HRSC (High Resolution Steoreo Camera) with their large surface coverage at a high resolution of 12.5 m/px [13], [14] are used to characterize the boundaries of the mapped units. To achieve the best and up-to-date results images from the Context Camera (CTX) on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) [14] with a resolution of 5.8 m/px were used for a detailed characterisation of the single units. For an absolute age determination of units with a small area extent like vent structures, lava flow lobes, fissures etc. or where recurfacing processes are predominant CTX images were used as well. Methods: Crosscutting relations are the most definitive age criteria but are not always clearly discernable due to eroTable 1: Results of fault investigation around Tempe Terra. Set Sum of faults Orientation 01 14/12 61-58◦ 02 5/4 ~90◦ 03 216/204 30◦ 04 18/5 135-113◦ 05 87/111 90-83◦ 06 88/106 76-73◦ 07 14/14 14-16◦ 08 17/18 tangential 09 783/778 50-45◦ 10 119/103 35-30◦ 11 122/110 ~60◦ 12 77/42 30◦ 13 112/106 35-18◦ 14 64/119 47-34◦ 15 107/61 30◦ 16 101/117 tangential undefined 2630/2392 Given the high resolution of the HRSC and CTX image data we were able to identify a total of 8876 faults. Already 3854 have been divided into 16 individual sets with different orientation and crosscutting relations (decreasing in age from set 01 to 16). The 5022 still undefined faults will be classified into the existing (or new) sets in future work.


Biomedical image analysis is the cross-disciplinary science of information and biology, which is significant in theory and clinic diagnosis. Taking the microcirculation image as object, this paper studies some key problems in the biomedical image processing, such as image rectification, image calibration and parameters measurement. And these key techniques have been applied to "microcirculation expert system" (MES) to improve the level of clinic diagnosis


Background: A defective mitotic checkpoint has been proposed to contribute to chromosomal instability (CIN). We have previously shown that expression changes of the mitotic arrest deficiency (MAD) gene family plays a role in renal cell cancer (RCC) characterized by numerical chromosomal changes, namely papillary and chromophobe carcinomas, but nothing is known about the expression of mitotic checkpoint genes in the clear cell histotype (ccRCC). Methods: We analyzed the mRNA expression levels of the major mitotic checkpoint genes of the budding uninhibited by benzimidazole family (BUB1, BUBR1, BUB3) and of the MAD gene family (MAD1, MAD2L1, MAD2L2) by real-time quantitative PCR in 39 ccRCC and in 36 normal kidney tissue samples.We have additionally analyzed these tumors by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) in order to evaluate the relationship between mitotic checkpoint defects and the pattern of chromosome changes in this subset of RCC. Results: BUB1, BUBR1, MAD1 and MAD2L1 showed significant expression differences in tumor tissue compared to controls (BUB1, BUBR1 and MAD2L1 were overexpressed, whereas MAD1 was underexpressed). Overexpression of BUB1 and BUBR1 was significantly correlated with the number of genomic copy number changes (p < 0.001 for both genes) and with Furhman grade of the tumors (p = 0.006 and p = 0.005, respectively). Conclusions: We conclude that BUB1 and BUBR1 overexpression plays a role in cytogenetic and morphologic progression of ccRCC.


The thermal fatigue behaviour of an air plasma sprayed thermal barrier coating was investigated. And also the interfacial strengths of thermal barrier coated specimens subjected to thermal fatigue, as well as a retired TBC vane were also evaluated by means of an instrumented indentation machine. The results indicated that, (1) the TGO grew at the interface during thermal fatigue cycle as a function of the exposure time at elevated temperature; (2) the microcracks were initiated in the top coating and at the interface after thermal cycle tests; (3) the interfacial strength of TBC, which was evaluated by the indentation method, increased with the thermal cycles; (4) the interfacial strength of the retired TBC vane was almost equal with that of the as-sprayed TBC specimen.


The article deals with changing conceptions of Torah in the formative two phases of Jewish tradition. The first major transformation in the Hebrew Bible is the 'arcanization' (Idel's term) or esotericization of the subject. This occurs through the use of an old term for divinization (the verbal stem darash) for exegetical inquiry into the meaning of Torah (Ezra 7: 9-10). The second is the 'spiritualization' of Torah, evident in the transfer to it of verbs used with respect to relationship with God (see Psalm 119). A notable transformation in early rabbinic texts is the role of study as a substitute for ritual action.


The article explores the concept of age-friendly housing, international experience in creating age-friendly housing, evaluating existing housing, its compliance with the concept of age-friendly housing and the possibility of having age-friendly housing in Lithuania. As society ages, it is necessary to ensure healthy independent aging for members of a productive society, especially the elderly. An age-friendly environment, and especially a living environment, creates opportunities for people to live in their own homes until deep old age. Aging is also possible at home when health is deteriorating and care needs arise, but homes need to adapt to the changing needs of older people.


The risks from singular natural hazards such as a hurricane have been extensively investigated in the literature. However, little is understood about how individual and collective responses to repeated hazards change communities and impact their preparation for future events. Individual mitigation actions may drive how a community's resilience evolves under repeated hazards. In this paper, we investigate the effect that learning by homeowners can have on household mitigation decisions and on how this influences a region's vulnerability to natural hazards over time, using hurricanes along the east coast of the United States as our case study. To do this, we build an agent‐based model (ABM) to simulate homeowners' adaptation to repeated hurricanes and how this affects the vulnerability of the regional housing stock. Through a case study, we explore how different initial beliefs about the hurricane hazard and how the memory of recent hurricanes could change a community's vulnerability both under current and potential future hurricane scenarios under climate change. In some future hurricane environments, different initial beliefs can result in large differences in the region's long‐term vulnerability to hurricanes. We find that when some homeowners mitigate soon after a hurricane—when their memory of the event is the strongest—it can help to substantially decrease the vulnerability of a community.


Deterioration processes of tin-plated base metal contacts are caused by complex factors. Many connectors with ongoing deterioration are in the danger of becoming defective suddenly. In most cases, the change of contact resistance of connectors during those deterioration processes doesn't monotonically increase, that makes it difficult to evaluate the degree of deterioration with resistance measurement. It is observed that the changes in reactance at a certain frequency behave characteristically and independently of the resistance changes. It is possible to estimate the deterioration degree from the precise AC measurements because the change reflects the microstructural changes near contacts.


A storage area defined by a folded-forward rear seat cushion, an upright rear seatback, the floor tunnel, and an article retaining flap which is stowed when not in use. The storage flap may be folded away for storage under the rear seat cushion when not in use.


Japan now produces 6/7 of the world's pyrethrum flowers. The imports into the United States have increased from 3,000,000 lbs. in 1923 to 9,000,000 lbs. in 1929. Average consular invoice values decreased from 47c a lb. in 1923 to 18c a lb. in 1929. A 1% lubricating oil spray costs about 0.3c per gallon; a lead arsenate spray, 1.2c.; a lime sulphur spray, 1.75c.; a nicotine spray containing 0.04 per cent of alkaloid, l.84c; and a pyrethrum spray, containing 0.04 per cent of oleoresin of pyrethrum and activated with soap, costs 2.2c per gallon.


Hydrogen titanate (H2Ti3O7) nanoribbons were prepared by hydrothermal treatment of TiO2 P25 with 10 M NaOH at 200 C, followed by acid treatment. The nanoribbons were then calcined for 2 h at temperatures ranging from 200-800 C. The crystallite structure, phase composition, morphology, surface area, and optical properties were governed by the calcination temperature. XRD analysis indicated calcination temperatures of 200-500 C transformed the H2Ti3O7 nanoribbons to TiO2 (B) nanoribbons, and improved crystallinity. A bicrystalline mixture of TiO2 (B) and anatase was obtained for a calcination temperature of 600 C. At temperatures of 700 C and above the TiO2 (B) was completely converted to anatase with particle morphology taking on a less defined structure at 800 C. Photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared and calcined samples was evaluated by oxalic acid photodegradation. Although the surface area decreased with increasing calcination temperature, the photocatalytic activity increased significantly. This implies photoactivity is more reliant on crystal structure as opposed to surface area in this instance. The effect of titanate naoribbon crystal phase on photocatalytic activity could be graded follows: anatase > TiO2 (B) > H2Ti3O7.


The scientific dimension of risk regulation is obvious. It is accepted that a measure banning a pesticide is to be based on toxicology studies and in particular on the data proving harmful effects for human health or the environment. A more subtle determinant of risk regulation is the ethical dimension of the decisions adopted to control the social risks emerging from new technologies. It is in this context that a document such as the Encyclical letter Laudato Si, on care of the common home of Pope Francis could offer important reflections on how public policy on science and technology could be enriched by including an ethical perspective. The Laudato Si encyclical letter has been accompanied by wide public attention, spurred on by both the huge popularity of Pope Francis and the announced choice of devoting, for the first time in the history of the Catholic Church, an entire document to environmental issues.


Gender is a common term where as gender discrimination is meant only for women, because females are the only victims of gender discrimination. Females are nearly 50 percent of the total population but their representation in public life is very low. Recognizing women's right and believing their ability are essential for women's empowerment and development. This paper deals with gender discrimination in India, its various forms and causes. Importance of women in devleopment, legislation for women and solution for gender discrimination are also discussed in this paper.


Only after the end of the long 19th century has it become possible to recognise that with the emergence of modernity the mythical did not vanish but rather persisted or returned in another form. Authors from various fields and theoretical traditions have noted the persistence of the mythical in modern society. As the mythical persists, the questions remain why, how, and what role it plays. How does the persistence of the mythical relate to contemporary society and its various spheres? What is...


The paper discusses the main drivers of the flow and use of knowledge in decision networks of sustainable electric mobility. Electric mobility can have a significant impact in a transition to a more sustainable mobility system. There are reasons to believe that this transition can be knowledge–dependent. Examples suggest that the use of bits and concealed tacit knowledge in decision networks are significantly relevant to this transition. Literature shows that transfers of tacit knowledge occur in networks with developed individual social capital and are conditioned by earlier personal interactions. Social capital can provide centrality and power to actors in networks. It can be enhanced by developing trust and displaying and/or implying possession of knowledge relevant for present or future action. Tacit knowledge in technology innovation decisions, in particular, is thought to be significantly valued, because innovation is permeated by strong elements of uncertainty and complexity that drive actors to seek for non–explicit forms of knowledge in networks of near–peers. The paper concludes that the urge for knowledge in situations where not much can be found may drive decision–makers to over rely on partial and partisan knowledge during decision–making. The paper ends with a discussion about the need for more research concerning knowledge in emergent decision networks of electric mobility.


The design and development of cost effective rehabilitation aids is a challenging task for biomedical research community. The biopotentials such as EEG, EMG, ECG and EOG that are generated from human body help in controlling the external electronic devices. In the recent years, the EOG based assistive devices have gained importance in assisting paralyzed patients, due to their ability to perform operations controlled by retinal movements. This paper proposes a cost effective design and development of EOG signal acquisition system using virtual instrumentation. The hardware design comprises of two instrumentation amplifiers using AD620 for registering horizontal and vertical eye movements and filter circuits. A virtual instrumentation based front panel is designed to interface the hardware and to display the EOG signals. The resultant digitized EOG signal is further enhanced for driving assistive devices. The proposed EOG system makes use of virtual instrumentation and hence minimizes the design cost and increases the flexibility of the instrument. This paper presents the initial part of the research work which is aiming at a cost effective complete assistive device based on extracting the useful information from the eye movements. The qualitative validation of EOG signals recorded ensures the cost effective healthcare delivery for rehabilitation applications.


Much interest has centered in recent years in measurements of the noise of large machines as installed. Free‐field conditions above a reflecting plane are desired, and a means for evaluating conditions in situ are a necessary part of the measurement process. A current trend in drafting ISO and ANSI standards is to employ the method of enveloping surfaces. [G. Hubner, "Qualification procedures for free‐field conditions for sound power determination of sound sources," in Internoise 73 Proceedings (Copenhagen, August 1973).] It has been found that spaces which fail to qualify by this method often pass a criterion like that of American National Standard ANSI S1.13‐1971, which requires only that the sound pressure level measured at one or more points in a direction away from the machine be at least 6 dB less than that at 1 m. It is argued that the latter criterion insures adequate accuracy for engineering measurements, and that the former one requires an unnecessary number of measurements.


The sides of security, health & safety, and energy saving are more focused in home and industrial locations. Many studies in different objective of these sides are proposed to have engineering solutions. Almost of solutions are focused on remote wirelessly monitoring function. However, this type of monitoring have slowly response in case using for activating of controlling or protection function for the same parameters which under wirelessly monitoring. To have quick response of manipulation process for any physical parameter, and to have efficient energy saving as well as secured system; this paper proposes a locally individually monitoring, alarming, and protection electronic system. The design of the presented system adopts microcontroller unit to do the required activities. The system uses different types of detectors based on the type of physical phenomena which need to system functions. The proposed design the effectiveness of promising system which can be suitable for home and industrial locations. Keyword: Security, Health & Safety, Energy saving, Engineering solution, Detectors, Flowchart, Micro controller unit INTRODUCTION In last decades, the factors of health and safety requirements and energy saving in residential and work places that have highly attention in research studies for guarantying better life conditions as well as reduce the extra power consuming which loss due electric power misuse. For these objectives, different research studies including home automation proposals were presented. Remotely wireless monitoring, and/or protection systems are also proposed for home or industrial locations for the same reasons. A developed smart system for detachable wireless sensing and environment monitoring functions is proposed in [1], a peripheral interface controller PIC microcontroller with detachable smart transducer in addition to wireless communication XBEE are implemented. The proposed system is characterized by ideality for distributed environment wireless monitoring application. The study of [2] focused monitoring levels of temperature, smoke, and alcohol of a green house. The area of the house which under study was secured in the proposed system through using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) to give authentication to enter into limited premises of secured areas. The system includes LCD display to show the current values of the parameters under test, the system includes also buzzer part which turn ON at the over levels of smoke and alcohol in the area under test. A related user mobile will receive automatically the case information though GSM module. In [3], a microcontroller based system is proposed for continuous monitoring of soil moisture, temperature, and an infrared thermometer records. Three types of sensors namely soil moisture sensor, temperature sensors, and a digital infrared thermometer all are used to in the presented system that to have high data collection reliability and high level of storage data. Functions of continuous monitoring, buzzer alarming, turning off gas valve, and wirelessly security alerting via GSM modem all presented through the work of [4]. The introduced system is starting by array of distributed gas sensors for gas leakage detection and entering the instantaneous data to the microcontroller unit that to analyze and making the suitable decision then through Zigbee technology transfer signal wirelessly. In [5], Ziyu Liu works on doing automatically controlling function to the methane tank that for energy source controlling through control the output gas concentration of methane. The proposed system is done based on PIC (Peripheral Interface Controller) microcontroller. The input data of temperature and gas sensors are analyzed through the designed algorithm which programed in the microcontroller. Based on the currently levels of parameters under test, the suitable decisions will be made on the gas value switching state. An automatically Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) leakage detection, monitoring and wirelessly alarming system that is proposed in [6]. The system is planned to work in vulnerable areas for gas leakage stopping. The system includes LPG sensor, microcontroller unit, LED and buzzer alarm. The system in [6] also works on doing alerting messages to the related customer's mobile phone through GSM module. In research study of [7], Li-Chien Huanga, et al., present design, and implementation steps of a monitoring and protection system. the system was able to do protection mechanisms to traditional power distribution systems that to have enhancement in the system functions through dynamically setting the overload outlets limit. The system is also able to do temperature control for self-protection function to the electric outlet for fire prevention. The work in [7] offers also wirelessly communication for remote monitoring and protection through ZigBee pairs. In addition to the mentioned, the system improves the security and intelligence actions which needed to the traditional power distribution systems. The work of [8], proposes a developed Wireless Data Acquisition System (WDAS) for monitoring function to a International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 11, Number 18 (2016) pp. 9491-9496 © Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com 9492 certain weather station. The physical connection between emitter and receiver is removed through the presented system. a set of sensors are designed to use in the system for sensing functions to different factors which are namely solar radiation, pressure, wind speed, wind direction, humidity, fall rain, and temperature. A précised electronic conditioning circuits are designed to the collected data and then through wireless unit, the data interfaced to a PC via RS232 connection. The collected data demonstrated on the computer by using LabVIEW program for more flexibility in the data processing. the proposed system offers the measuted data to any used via internet on-line. Other studies in [9] – [16] are also focus on monitoring, analysis and / or remotely controlling to many parameters of electrical distributed AC and/or DC loads such as load voltage, load current, and load transferred power. These research studies are adopting different wireless methodologies based on the related objectives. The research studies in [17][19] are also proposed monitoring and controlling function systems based on discrete electronic components design. To avoid any delay in decision making which may happed due remote wirelessly data monitoring and analysis, and to avoid any probability of stopping online information which may doing negative consequences, as well as to have highly response integrated detection, monitoring and protection system. This paper proposes an integrated system investigate the mentioned protection functions through locally and individually activities. The presented work adopts locally system design which avoids using wireless data communication module and using only array of sensors, microcontroller unit, and array of relays out. PROPOSED PROTECTION SYSTEM The proposed system focuses on presenting high response integrated electronic monitoring, alarming, and protection functions. The system design offers sensing function to the many important parameters of two sides in homes and/or industrial locations. The two sides are represented by health and safety side and energy saving side. Figure 1 shows main block diagram of the presented system, the design includes three stages; input stage, microcontroller unit stage, and output stage. The parameters under test included in the first stage that are namely RFID, LPG, temperature, humidity, smoke, and darkness, these parameters are sensed in different ways based on the adopted type of selected sensor. Some sensors are producing analog voltage within a certain range, while other sensors produce signals in digital forms. The detected values are entering microcontroller unit from correct analog or digital input terminals. Input data will be analyzed inside microcontroller unit make suitable decision for each output terminal of the third stage of the system. The last stage (third stage) includes 6 digital outputs which are used to activate separately the required action through switching ON or OFF to the related relay. Figure 1. Main block diagram of the proposed system INPUT STAGE OF PARAMETERS DETECTION This stage is responsible on data collecting of the desired parameters, the type of data is determined based on the work principle of each sensor, for example RFID reader produce a string of numbers, LPG detector and smoke detector both produce analog voltage with different ranges and different voltage changing rate, darkness detector produce digital voltage in high or low logic level as indication result for night or day time respectively, and so on. A. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Reader RFID reader is an integrated circuit printed board designed and manufactured for doing the function of cards identification through sensing the radio frequency signaling and produce a limited string of two voltage levels. When RFID reader connected to the micro controller unit (the selected MC in the proposed design is Arduino Uno micro controller), the related string tag code of the used card will be sensed and used in programming for comparing with stored strings of a certain allowed persons cards for security purposes as will be shown later in this paper. As shown in Figure 2, the selected RFID reader in the proposed system design is ID-20LA [20], [21] which has longer sensing distance than the other two RFID readers ID-12LA, and ID3LA. Figure 2. RFID Reader; (a) Type ID-20LA RFID Reader, (b) RFID USB Reader B. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Detector MQ-6 is a selected gas leakage detector [22], [23] in the presented design, the desired specifications of the detector are International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4


4632 Background: High-risk, localized prostate cancer (PCa) is generally treated with a combination of RT and long-term AS. It was our hypothesis that adjuvant CT would improve the survival rate of high-risk PCa when used in combination with RT and AS. Methods: Pts with PSA 20-100 and Gleason score (GS) ≥7 or clinical stage ≥T2 and GS ≥8 were randomized to RT and AS with or without four 21-day cycles of CT, starting 28 days after RT, with oral estramustine 280 mg tid × 14 days, oral VP-16 50 mg/m2 in divided doses bid × 14 days, and paclitaxel 135 mg/m2 iv on day 2. Warfarin was originally given at 1 mg/day during CT, but, after thromboembolic (TE) toxicity was observed, the dosage was increased to keep the INR between 1.5 and 2.5. RT consisted of 46.8 Gy to a small pelvic field followed by a prostate boost of 23.4 Gy for a total of 70.2 Gy. AS consisted of LHRH for 24 mos beginning 2 mos preRT plus oral antiandrogen before and during RT. Results: This study opened in Jan 2000 and closed in Oct 2004 with ...


In this chapter, we discuss solitary waves when a swirl component is present in the background flow. Depending on the particular physical setting, rotation is responsible for inertial solitary waves but may significantly affect the propagation of gravity solitary waves as well. Here, two specific examples that illustrate this dual role of rotation are considered: (1) axisymmetric inertial waves in a rotating homogeneous fluid in a rigid tube; (2) three-dimensional internal gravity waves in a stratified fluid layer in a rotating channel. In (1), the propagation of weakly nonlinear long-wave disturbances is typical of a waveguide; each inertial wave mode is governed by a Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation to leading order, and solitary waves with sech2 profiles along the tube axis arise. In the special case of uniform rotation, it is also possible to construct finite-amplitude solitary waves analytically, and these solutions recently have been linked to the phenomenon of vortex breakdown. In (2), on the other hand, rotation primarily modifies the transverse structure of internal solitary waves propagating along the channel. When the rotation is relatively weak, in particular, so that the Rossby radius of deformation is comparable to the transverse wave scale, three-dimensional long-wave disturbances are governed by a rotation-modified Kadomtsev−Petviashvili (KP) equation. Consistent with laboratory observations, this equation predicts that an initially straight-crested KdV solitary wave experiences radiation damping as it propagates along the channel, and its wave crest is curved backwards owing to the shedding of Poincare waves behind.


Digital communication networks used for the distribution of high-speed digital information are currently the subject of design studies for many civil and military applications. This paper presents results that are useful in such studies as well as in network planning. In particular, the paper is concerned with the problems of carrier synchronization and noisy reference detection of polyphase signals. Reconstruction of coherent references for the detection of polyphase [ N -ary phase-shift-keyed (PSK)] signals is considered and analyzed for three carrier reconstruction loops, namely, N th power (multiply-and-divide) loops, generalized Costas ( I-Q ) loops, and extensions of data-aided (modulation wipeoff) loops. General expressions for the error probability are developed when the reconstructed reference signals are noisy. These expressions are evaluated numerically for cases of practical interest and compared with differentially coherent reception.


In this sequel article on Amlexanox I investigate the multi-tasking potential for this drug, a recently discovered readthrough agent with immune-modulatory properties, for management of a wide range of human diseases including ageing modeled as a disease. The focus is not only on correction or disease rescue, but also on early prevention through use of Amlexanox prophylaxis. The concept of readthrough of nonsense mutations is further explored and correlation of nonsense mutation with cancer spread and stage is examined. Many other prevalent disease processes are examined in the light of nonsense-mediated causation, for example, intellectual disability and ageing. A primary aim of my current investigation is to show that both communicable diseases (related to infections from viral and bacterial agents) as well as non-communicable diseases (such as cancer, diabetes and inherited malformations/dysfunctions) may all form suited targets for Amlexanox therapy. As such, ex vivo and in vitro studies and animal models are discussed with the overall theme being to translate positive findings into the clinic. Clearly, this would have a major benefit with management in many inherited disease states and for infectious diseases. Further, a major benefit can be predicted for acquired chronic conditions too. The long understood property of Amlexanox in immune-modulation is exploited in this analysis. By acting through part-control of the NF-kappaB transcriptional factor-inflammatory axis, Amlexanox is capable of modulating the pathophysiology of such processes as cancer, vascular disease and diabetes with obesity. Moderating the response to pathogen challenge is a focus of attention in this present investigation. This is important insofar as Amlexanox mediates inflammatory-axis regulation and host-pathogen interactions, strongly suggesting that it must be explored in this context. As a result of this, interference with this arm of the innate immune system may well have consequences in terms of exposure to certain infectious agents. Detailed animal model systems as well as formal clinical trials are definitely called for to clarify the longer-term adverse reaction this may produce in the face of pathogen exposure. Amlexanox has been clinically approved for many years and, along with other drugs with similar immune-modulating capacity, appears satisfactory for long-term usage. Therefore, in practical terms, pathogen challenge in such a context may not pose significant threat. Overall, clinical trials are universally called for in order to ascertain the full potential for this old drug presenting with some exciting 'new tricks'. I aim to be able to purposefully 'repurpose' Amlexanox and add this drug into the 'Doctor's bag' as a highly valuable medical adjunct to manage a wide plethora of medical conditions.


We describe the adaptive component migration facility in the Bifrost location-independent computing system. We present a facility that allows mobile clients to selectively invoke application component functionality locally or remotely in order to improve user response time. The Bifrost runtime system uses a decision-making process that takes into account a variety of issues affecting the migration decision, including client and server resources, component size, the size of the data associated with the component, and network characteristics. We present a detailed design of this system, while examining the options of function call re-direction and API wrappers as a means to extend the semantics of the underlying remote execution technology (DCOM). The adaptive functionality provided by Bifrost resulted in a minimum 29% reduction in response time experienced by the client over a default DCOM-based implementation for mobile client devices.


Basal stem rot disease is the most challenging disease in coconut crop, caused by Ganoderma lucidum. Combating the disease with new generation fungicides is a viable strategy for the promising disease control. Single and combination of new systemic fungicides in different commercial formulations were tested against the Ganoderma lucidum. Under in vitro study at 100, 250 and 500 ppm concentrations. The results revealed that Hexaconazole 4% + Carbendazim 16% SC, Hexaconazole 5% + Validamycin 2.5%SC and Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% SC W/W were found superior in inhibiting the mycelial growth of Ganoderma as compared to other fungicides. Per cent inhibition indicated the effectiveness of potent fungicides against the pathogen even at lower concentration.


This manuscript compares one decade of fertilizer use in Legal Amazon municipalities, determining the main factors that incentive the adoption of this technology. We gathered data from Brazilian Agricultural Census for both 2006 and 2017 and estimated a multinomial logit model (MLM) to differentiate classes of fertilizer use. Our results shows that cattle ranching and rural credit are negatively correlated with fertilizer use. Large agricultural commodities production, rural mechanization, and the use of limestone are factors that contribute widely to use of fertilizers. Diffusion of knowledge to farmers, wider access to rural policies, and the agricultural private sector incentives could contribute to spread the use of fertilizer throughout Amazon.


Interaction between the driver and transport telematics is the focus of this paper. In its first part, methods of attracting driver's attention and affecting them were analysed, with the use of feasible information displays. Potential hazards were also investigated. It latter part, research regarding driver attitude towards route planning using in-vehicle telematics was presented.


Significance: Although Nature uses enzyme-catalyzed consecutive dehydrogenation of fatty acids, an equivalent laboratory process has not yet been realized, despite its applications in syntheses of pharmaceuticals and organic materials. Here, Jie, Su and co-workers report an unprecedented copper-catalyzed successive dehydrogenation of various saturated substrates. Comment: A variety of saturated substrates including ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, α,β-unsaturated diesters, and N-heterocycles have been shown to undergo the successive dehydrogenation. Mechanistic studies were conducted and the mechanism shown above was proposed. Synthetic applications were demonstrated by synthesizing two natural products: lignarenone B and navenone B. R2 R1 O


This paper reviews the impact of the thermal ageing and multiple reflow to the intermetallic compound (IMC) layer and mechanical performance of lead free solder reinforced with various reinforcements. Based on available literatures it had been proved that, the IMC layer and mechanical properties can be affected with the exposure of different temperatures and time. Besides that, the incorporation of the reinforcement in the matrix of solder alloys could improve the thickness of IMC layer and strength of the solder joints although it had been subjected to thermal ageing and multiple reflow cycles as compared to unreinforced solder. Therefore, the composite solder system could be possibly applied and adapted in current electronic devices even with the exposure of high temperatures.


The spiral machining process of the blade's body was discussed,and the tool position calculating formula was educed for milling blade by multi-axis machine,which has been used in the actual manufacturing process successfully.According to blade's characteristic and NC theory,the tool position,cutter axis and boundary's calculation methods in the edge of blade were discussed.All these methods make the cutter avoid to gnaw into the blade's body and the cutter axis have a smoother change procedure,which improve the blade's production efficiency markedly and reduce its cost.


For multi-radio multi-channel (MRMC) wireless mesh networks (WMNs), the joint channel assignment and routing problem has been shown to be NP-complete. In this paper, we propose a joint linear programming (LP) and genetic algorithm (LPGA), in which we use an improved genetic algorithm to tackle the CA problem and solve the routing by a mixed integer linear programming model. To successfully decouple the two problems, we evaluate the fitness value of a chromosome (certain CA configuration) in our genetic algorithms (GAs) by computing the linear objective function. Meanwhile, we propose a rate-variable model to increase the network through output, which use the physical interference model that can evaluate the capacity more precisely. Simulation results show that the proposed approach effectively increases the network through output.


Crystallization kinetics in phase change memory (PCM) control the device switching and retention times, thus an accurate characterization and prediction of crystallization speed is essential. We measured crystallization times in PCM devices in both the thermal crystallization regime at relatively low temperature (T <; 250 °C) and in pulsed-induced crystallization (set regime). By using a filamentary model for set transition, we evidence a non-Arrhenius temperature dependence of crystallization. This finding provides a key new element for the modeling of phase change materials and devices.


CNG Transmission Corp. has developed and implemented a comprehensive Engine Optimization Program that has significantly reduced pipeline compressor engine fuel consumption, lowered maintenance costs and enhanced exhaust emissions compliance. The program is a methodical, practical approach based on engineering fundamentals. It combines engine testing, control algorithm development, scheduled and unscheduled maintenance, operator feedback and performance goals into a comprehensive, documented package. In the current competitive business environment, the success of a natural gas transmission or distribution company is tied to the value of its physical assets. Often, a company`s long-term competitiveness and profitability hinges on the reliability, efficiency, and environmental compliance of its gas machinery. The paper describes the program.


Nautical X-Band radars used for navigation can additionally be utilised as a tool to determine spectral and individual wave properties. The Wave Monitoring System WaMoS II, when connected to a conventional nautical X-Band radar detects full directional wave spectra and derived statistical sea state parameters as well as surface currents. WaMoS II is continuously improved: New features are developed for highresolution current measurements, estimation of the water depth as well as for single wave detection. Particularly the development and derivation of sea surface elevation maps allows to investigate and describe the spatial and temporal development of 3-D ocean surface waves. The high resolution data can be fed into real time ship motion prediction models which then can forecast quiescent motion periods which are most relevant for various offshore operations.


An ethnobotanical survey was carried out between January 2007 and January 2008 in Karandamalai, Southern Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu, a village inhabited by Valaiyans. The main objective of the present study was to bring to light the species of wild plants that are used for the treatment of various ailments by the Valaiyans. All told, some 63 plant species are enumerated in the present account.


The electronic energy of the hydrogen molecule was calculated using the correlated molecular orbital wave function ψ=(a1+b1)(a2+b2)(1+pr12), where a1, b1, a2, and b2 are 1s atomic wave functions of electrons 1 and 2 about nuclei a and b, and r12 is the interelectronic distance. The p of the above formula together with z, the effective nuclear charge, used in the explicit definition of the atomic orbitals, are two parameters which are varied in minimizing the energy according to the variation method. The energy minimum was found to be 4.11 ev below the value for complete separation of the nuclei. The minimum occurred at an internuclear distance of 0.71A, and the parameters have the values z=1.285 and p=0.28 in atomic units. The energy is far better than Coulson's best molecular orbital calculation and better than any other two‐parameter calculation except for that of Gurnee and Magee.


ABSTRACT Assigning proper dispatching rules dynamically has been shown to enhance various performance measures for a flexible manufacturing system (FMS). To achieve this, real-time salient information of the system is extracted and then a rule's dispatching mechanism is built for the scheduling task. For a dynamic scheduled FMS, two critical issues dominate the performance; the first is the selection of system attributes and the second is the design of the dispatching mechanism. This paper aims to deal with the first issue. A good attribute evaluation method should provide the information from which attribute are selected or removed. In this paper, a supervised attribute mining algorithm (SAMA), which is based on the fuzzy set-theoretic approach and genetic algorithm (GA), is proposed to execute this function. SAMA is able to rank attributes according to their relative importance. In the experiment, a FMS is conducted to demonstrate the validity of the proposed SAMA. The experimental results indicate that the attribute evaluation task and optimal attribute subset selection can be achieved by using the SAMA. Moreover, compared with using all system attributes without selection, performance of the FMS can be improved by using the optimal attributes as input of the scheduler.


Preface Part One: Virtual Bible, Virtual Gospel Chapter One: Virtuality and the Bible Chapter Two: The Simulation of Jesus, and the Virtual Gospel Part Two: Four Jesuses Chapter Three: Matthew's Gospel According to Pasolini Chapter Four: Child and Kingdom: On Some Unsettling Language in the Gospel of Mark Chapter Five: Dark Conception: The Two Fathers of Luke's Jesus Chapter Six: John Simulates the Anti-Simulacrum: Reading Jesus Writing Part Three: Canonical Reality Effects Chapter Seven: The Possibility of Error: Minority Report and the Synoptic Gospels Chapter Eight: Fantasy and the Synoptic Problem: The 'Minor Agreements' of Matthew and Luke against Mark Chapter Nine: Luke and John, and the Simulation of Christ Chapter Ten: The Virtual Gospel and the Canonical Control of Meaning


Homomorphic encryption scheme is one of useful tools for handling encrypted sensitive information. However, most of existing schemes have not been widely used in practical applications due to their inefficiency. In this paper, we give an additive homomorphic encryption scheme which can be used for evaluating some statistical information, such as the mean and the variance. To compute the information without the multiplicative homomorphism, we devise a message encoding technique and design a new additive homomorphic encryption by applying our encoding technique to Paillier's scheme which supports the additive homomorphism. Note that our scheme is the first additive homomorphic encryption which supports the evaluation of both the mean and the variance of encrypted data. We also propose some modifications of our scheme to improve the practicality. One of remarkable advantages of our message encoding technique is that it can be applied to any additive homomorphic encryption for supporting the above mentioned statistical operations.


We use recent results from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe for the locations of peaks and troughs of the cosmic microwave background power spectrum, together with constraints from large-scale structure, to study a quintessence model in which the pure exponential potential is modified by a polynomial factor. Our analysis, in the $({\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{m}{,h,n}_{s})$ cosmological parameter space and for a wide range of potential parameters, shows that quintessence is favored compared to the cold dark matter model with a cosmological constant $(\ensuremath{\Lambda}\mathrm{CDM})$ for ${n}_{s}\ensuremath{\approx}1$ and relatively high values of the average fraction of dark energy before last scattering (``early quintessence''); for ${n}_{s}l1,$ quintessence and $\ensuremath{\Lambda}\mathrm{CDM}$ give similar results, except for high values of early quintessence, in which case $\ensuremath{\Lambda}\mathrm{CDM}$ is favored.


The type II examples of heat transfer operations of Principles of Chemical Engineering were analyzed and discussed in detail.Steady-state operation over a proposition was a general rule,and from a practical point of view of industrial action over the issue of steady state,heat transfer was analyzed to determine the stability in the industry to operate under the conditions of the solution.Through analysis of the example,the concept of preliminary engineering was trained for students.


Reclaiming subsided land with fly ash is an effective reclamation method in China. The paper studied spatial-temporal variation of the reclaimed soil filled with fly ash. Reclaimed soil samples were collected from Anhui Province. This research was conducted on four different reclaimed lands with different reclamation years (1, 4, 8 and 12 years) for their temporal variation. Samples from different profiles were chosen for their spatial variation analysis. The results indicated the significant difference of physical and chemical properties between reclaimed soil and normal soil. Water infiltration of reclaimed soil was lower than that of normal soil, but their water infiltration increased with reclamation years. Bulk density of reclaimed soil was higher than that of farmland, but it was improved with time. The 12-year-old reclaimed soil had the most similar value of bulk density to normal soil. It was helpful to plant growth. The pH of reclaimed soil was higher than normal soil because of fly ash. The pH value of reclaimed soil was decreased after 12 years. The topsoil's OM contents were increased with reclamation years. The total N and Olsen-P contents of reclaimed soil were lower than those of normal soil, but total N and Olsen-P and available K contents of topsoil were increased in the 12-year-old reclamation land. The results showed that soil properties had been improved with time. Properties of topsoil were much sensitive than that of subsoil. The physical and chemical properties of reclaimed soil were worse than that of normal soil. They need a long time to adjust soil fertility for similar to normal soil and application of some suitable fertilizers is needed in reclaimed soil.


This paper addresses two types of uncertainty: stochastic uncertainty and subjective uncertainty in probabilistic accident consequence assessments. The off-site consequence assessment code OSCAAR has been applied to uncertainty and sensitivity analyses on the individual risks of early fatality and latent cancer fatality in the population outside the plant boundary due to a severe accident. A new stratified meteorological sampling scheme was successfully implemented into the trajectory model for atmospheric dispersion and the statistical variability of the probability distributions of the consequence was examined. A total of 65 uncertain input parameters was considered and 128 runs of OSCAAR with 144 meteorological sequences were performed in the parameter uncertainty analysis. The study provided the range of uncertainty for the expected values of individual risks of early and latent cancer fatality close to the site. In the sensitivity analyses, the correlation/regression measures were useful for identifying those input parameters whose uncertainty makes an important contribution to the overall uncertainty for the consequence. This could provide valuable insights into areas for further research aiming at reducing the uncertainties.


Abstract : Using radioactive sulfur-35, the amounts of sulfate incorporated into electroplated films of iron oxide were determined. Amounts determined ranged from 0.006 to 0.700 micro g sulfate/square cm. Relative standard deviation was 2.0%. The method is rapid and convenient for a large number of samples. (Author)


Denudation at passive continental margins occurs over time as erosional escarpments propagate inland, cutting through regions of elevated topography flanking ocean basins. Understanding the actual processes and time variability in propagation rates associated with the advance of escarpments across passive margins remains a largely unsolved problem for tectonic geomorphology. Here we report results from new analyses of detailed river longitudinal profiles and surface exposure age measurements using cosmogenic radionuclides from the New England Tableland portion of the southeast Australian passive margin. In that area, many plateau-draining tributaries of the Macleay River cascade into narrow gorges across large-scale river knickpoints that represent the tips of the leading edge of the inland-advancing escarpment. Previous river profile analyses showed most knickpoints to be the same distance, about 200 km, upstream from the mouth of the river, despite order-of-magnitude variations in the areas drained at the gorge heads. The implication is that all knickpoints have migrated upstream at a speed of about 2 km/Myr averaged over the ∼100 Myr history of the margin. The new profile analyses confirm that, in general, distance upstream from the Macleay River mouth of the knickpoints is not related to area drained at the gorge head. We conclude that if sufficient fluvial transport power is available, the rate of upstream knickpoint migration is governed by slope failure mechanisms and the frequency of resulting mass wasting events on the steep rock slopes in the gorge head vicinity. In terms of the stream power model for channel incision, Z t A m' S n (where A is drainage area and S is channel gradient), the river profile analyses imply that the drainage area exponent m' = 0 (i.e., no dependence on drainage area so long as a threshold is met), and the slope exponent n > 1. Average erosion rates calculated from Be and Al radionuclide concentrations in samples collected across the knickpoint on Baker's Creek indicate that the plateau surface and the channel upstream of the gorge head - knickpoint are eroding slowly, ∼5 m/Myr, whereas the channel at and downstream of the knickpoint is eroding much more rapidly, >100 m/Myr. The pattern of increasing erosion rates across the knickpoint in the downstream direction is consistent with the paradigm of inland escarpment retreat across passive continental margins.


This study deals with the recycling of carbon steel slag (CSS) to produce self-consolidating concrete (SCC). Since the chemical composition of CSS is similar to that of Portland cement or blast furnace slag (BFS), it is expected to behave similarly. In the current study, the pozzolanic activity index of CSS is examined. Furthermore, the use of CSS as a pozzolanic material to partially replace Portland cement in the production of SCC is tested. We designed concrete mixtures with different water-to-cementitious material ratios (w/cm) keeping water and superplasticizer (SP) contents constant. Results showed that the design and performance of all the concrete mixtures used in this investigation were comparable to those of SCC and high performance concrete (HPC). However, compared to ordinary plain concrete (OPC), the additional CSS content increases the setting time. In the CSS mixtures set for 90 d, compressive strengths of 86%, 134% and 121% were attained as compared to the control concrete; the corresponding w/cm ratios were 0.28, 0.32 and 0.40, respectively. Verifying the soundness of the SCC for meeting the criteria for HPC, the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) of CSS was found to be comparable to that of ordinary concrete. In conclusion, the recycling of CSS can be advantageously employed in the production of SCC.


The creation of self-compacting concrete (SCC) is associated with the introduction of plasticizing additives based on polycarboxylate esters (PCE). The first patent for a group of substances proposed for use as superplasticizers for concrete, was declared in the early 80-ies of the last century in Japan. In the mid 90-ies superplasticizers based on esters of polycarboxylates began to be used in Europe. In Russia, the use of self-compacting concrete began much later, and in bridge and tunnel construction almost a few years ago. Currently, in the European Union, 70-80% of reinforced concrete structures are made or erected from self-compacting concrete mixtures, and concrete is commonly called self-compacting. In Russia, such concretes are sometimes called self-leveling. The volume of their use is still small.


Torque ripple is a major problem in Switched Reluctance Machine (SRM). Despite the high torque ripple and vibration, SRM has many advantages over many other machines. In this paper, the torque ripple minimization control techniques commonly used are reviewed. Torque ripple minimization can be achieved through machine magnetic design or through electronic control. Both techniques have advantages and disadvantages which will be discussed. Torque ripple production is mostly caused by the physical structure of the SRM and the basic principle of its operation. So, the basics of torque production and the physical structure of the SRM is also reviewed as part of this paper.


Courseware, i.e. computer based learning materials, usually includes some self-assessment for formative assessment. Insufficient attention has been paid, however, to the link between formal assessment and use of courseware: teachers and learners focus on examination syllabuses. Examinations bodies can use only the simplest forms of ICT-based assessment (objective or multiple choice tests) until learners are familiar with newer styles. This problem can be addressed on several fronts: with new ICT styles of tests, by developing websites supporting learners and teachers, by conducting field trials using computers under examination conditions and by commissioning new types of examination questions built around online interactive simulations.


The purpose of this study is to present a space organization of children's favorite place in the children's library by interpreting the children's library as a kind of children's play space. Children's favorite place in the children's Library has a high user density. In addition, it is an easy place to takes place reading and the play by book or play itself. Research methode is to analyze the space and its spatial characteristics that has high user's density and lead to play by investigating users' number, user's density, user's behaviour at the library of the miracle in Suncheon, Jeongeup, Jinhae, Gimhae, Seogwipo, Jeju designed by Guyon Chung. Highly used place in the children's library is the reading room. In particular, space with the highest user's density was classified as shelf space, unusual space, enclosed space and high space. Unusual space, enclosed space and high space have higher user's density than the shelf space more than twice and lead to much more play behavior. These space were interpreted as children's favorite space and which causes a play at the same time.


Abstract The diol host, trans-1,4-bis(hydroxydiphenyl-methyl)cyclohexane has a cyclohexane ring as a rigid framework and a bulky hydroxydiphenyl-methyl group at both ends of the molecule. This host showed a good inclusion ability to form complex crystals with a variety of guest molecules. The complexes with MeOH, acetone, THF, DMF, MeCN and DMSO were obtained as single crystals suitable for X-ray crystallographic study. X-ray structure determination of these crystals clarified that the host:guest complexes show that the guest-dependent polymorphism and crystal structures are classified into five groups. The shape and size of a guest seem to determine the molecular packing in the complex crystal. The guest molecules are included in the columns or cages formed by the hydrophobic groups (benzene and cyclohexane rings) of the hosts, and hydrogen bonded to OH groups of the hosts.


In vitro and in vivo investigations with 2,4-D concentrations showed that mycorrhizal fungi were suppressed particularly by higher concentrations while treated seedlings exhibited quantitative and qualitative deficiency in mycorrhizal development. Short roots became elongated or sometimes remained uninfected. Dichotomous root branching was absent in Pinus sylvestris L. The difference in terms of mycorrhizal impairment was highly significant (P = 0.01). Practical consequences are discussed.


The discrimin a tion experienced by children a nd young indigenous migr a nts in Mexic a n urb a n schools limits their right to educ a tion, by restricting the exercise of their soci a l, pol itic a l, economic a nd cultur a l rights. Using prim a ry a nd second a ry sources of qu a ntit a tive inform a tion, we a n a lyze the perceptions of children a nd young people a bout discrimin a tory situ a tions in schools of thirteen cities loc a ted in the urb a n belt of Mexico's southe a st region, m a king a distinction between indigenous a nd non-indigenous students by focusing on l a ngu a ge a nd self recognition. The a im is to contribute to studies on the soci a l phenomenon of ethnic discrimin a tion in educ a tion a l contexts. Prejudici a l pr a ctices directed a t predomin a ntly migr a nt indigenous children a nd young people who a ttend b a sic educ a tion, in a n environment of violent coexistence th a t requires different a d a pt a tion processes , c a n contribute to their becoming a busers themselves.


An information processing apparatus for performing wireless communication with an image processing apparatus includes a specifying unit configured to designate, out of a plurality of directories stored in the information processing apparatus, an opened directory before performing wireless communication with the image processing apparatus, a receiving unit configured to receive image data from the image processing apparatus by performing the wireless communication, and a control unit configured to control the image data received by the receiving unit to be stored in the directory designated by the specifying unit.


Foraging strategies can be influenced by many factors such as abundance, availability, and toxicity of the resources. In arid zones, the distribution and productivity of plants also act as additional factors that affect foraging strategies. Twenty colonies of Pogonomyrmex barbatus ants were studied in an arid zone of central Mexico to evaluate the trophic niche breadth in two sites with contrasting productivities in terms of their diversity and amount of resources during two seasons. The results suggest that when the resources are abundant as in the rainy season, the trophic niche breadth is reduced in sites with high productivity and, in the same sites, the trophic niche breadth increases when the resources are limited as in the dry season. In contrast, the trophic niche breadth is similar in both conditions of resource availability (i.e., rainy and dry seasons) at sites with low productivity. During the dry season, populations of P. barbatus showed a similar foraging behavior in sites with high and low productivity. Thus, the particular characteristics of a site can significantly affect the foraging strategies of the ants in those environments.


Using the complex Kohn method, we have calculated variational values of phase shifts and the annihilation parameter, Zeff, for the elastic scattering of positrons by molecular hydrogen. Our results are sensitive to small changes in the accuracy of the wavefunction representing the target hydrogen molecule. We have developed a systematic approach to demonstrate that, at low positron energies, there are particular forms of the Kohn trial wavefunction for which the results of variational calculations are not reliable, even when the target wavefunction accounts for as much as 96.8% of the correlation energy of H2. We find that reliable results can be recovered if our calculations are extended to admit more sophisticated target wavefunctions accounting for 99.7% of the correlation energy. Remaining discrepancies between theory and experiment are briefly discussed.


In the introduction I describe my reason to write about an.italian music composer,Antonio Salieri. In the following chapter, Opera in Italy, I briefly describe the history of opera, from the beginning in 16th century, I wrote a little bit about a composer C. Monteverdi and about the expansion of operta to the other places. Then I continue with opera of 18th century and end with verism and with its the most wellkonown composers. In the following part, Antonio Salieri ( 1750 - 1825) - his Life and Work, I describe in detail his life ( from the nativity in 1750 in Legnano near Venezia, in Italy ). Then I continue with his studies of music, his berth at the court of Josef II.This chapter ands in the year 1825, when Salieri died. In the chapter Antonio Salieri, his operas, there is a list of all his operas, with the names of librettists, there are also the dates of premiere of the operas. Where it is known, I write the titels of theaters, places of the first opening his works.In the part named Opera Falstaff - ilustration of his music talent, there is Salieri described as an important composer of his age. I analyse this opera as a music work, I deal with the theme of the opera and with its libretto.In the folllowing chapter Mozart versus Salieri I describe the legend of Mozart's fatality.The fame,that Salieri poisoned Mozart, originated after Mozart's exit.In the hooked ilustration there are the portraits of Antonio Salieri, there is also a picture of La Scala etc. At the I briefly describe the content of my work.


Since the early nineties, there has been a veritable boom in the market for all sorts of trade agreements, from bilateral to plurilateral ones, and leading to deep or shallow integration. This boom might at least in part be explained by newcomers in the race. Certainly by the European Union, which has been the precursor and has been expanding significantly its membership, while also undertaking a complex set of agreements with almost all parts of the world; but what is important it has been joined by the United States with the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), followed by the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum and the - although unsuccessful - Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) initiative, and as of lately by Asian countries, including China. Latin American countries have, likewise, been involved in a growing number of trade agreements, both at the South-South level as well as at the North-South level.


Given the amplitude of challenges agriculture has to face in the 21 century, it is crucial to develop climate-compatible agronomical strategies in order to feed a growing population, while respecting human health by providing the necessary diversity of nutritional products. In response to the impact of livestock on climate change and to the crying alarm of land degradation progress, that occurs through the excessive use of chemical inputs and non-durable agricultural practices, an experiment aiming to study two innovative cropping systems is to be set in Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech. These systems are aligned with the principles of removing chemical pest control, providing a higher crop diversity and will question the role of livestock in agriculture. Close-monitoring of various parameters is to be set up during the experiment, and will partly be carried out through Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV or drone) imagery. In fact, some crop parameters (especially Leaf Area Index) are considered to be an accurate indicator of plant status, which is highly driven by soil conditions. This work aims to set up guidelines for crop monitoring through drone imagery in the specific context of this parcel. A Leaf Area Index (LAI) model and an ear dry matter model have been successfully created for winter wheat. These models were built using both RGB and multispectral UAV imagery, and ground truth collected on four drone flights, from booting to ripening. This tool allowed to map these parameters on the whole parcel, study their evolution through the season and will possibly be used to monitor the evolution of soil conditions in the future experiment. Furthermore, the implementation of the experiment requires to survey the homogeneity of the conditions within the experimental blocs. This was done through the LAI map, and careful repositioning of the experimental blocs was carried out in order to reduce heterogeneity within and between these blocs.


Cadmium sulfide has often been used as a pigment in plastics such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Removal of CdS after the useful life of plastics is desired since it poses an environmental hazard in the waste phase of these plastics. In this study, a process is investigated to convert the insoluble CdS in the polymer matrix into CdCl2 by treatment with HCl, followed by extraction of CdCl2 with 1,4-butanediol (BDO). Since the diffusivity of CdCl2 in HDPE is low, reducing diffusion length and enhancing interfacial area by dispersing BDO by laminar mixing of molten HDPE with BDO facilitate the extraction process. The overall mass transfer process during extraction is modeled as a combination of consecutive steps: diffusion of CdCl2 through HDPE to the BDO dispersed in molten HDPE, followed by transport of the dispersed, CdCl2 containing BDO to the bulk BDO phase surrounding the HDPE. This mechanism achieves reduction of CdCl2 in HDPE from 1128 ppm to less than 100 ppm in 12 min. The somewhat higher melt flow index (MFI) of the HDPE after extraction (8.3 g/10 min) as compared with the MFI of the starting HDPE (6.3 g/10 min) shows some extent of degradation. However, the MFI is acceptable for HDPE recycling. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1024–1031, 2006


For the success of health care organizations, accurate measurement of health care service quality is as important as understanding the nature of the service delivery system. Without a valid measure, it would be difficult to establish and implement appropriate tactics or strategies for service quality management. Experts have struggled for decades to formulate a concise, meaningful and generally applicable definition of the quality of health care. However, the complexity and variability of many definitions are very confusing even to experts. Patients, service providers and other parties involved in the process of health care service delivery, understand and describe service quality in different ways.


ABSTRACT Although the Next Generation Science Standards and the National Science Education Standards prioritize the production of critical consumers of science as an overarching goal, there is relatively little science education research aimed at fostering critical perspectives among science teachers. The purpose of this theory-generative study is to identify ideas that might serve as affordances or hindrances to the development of critical perspectives of science. Data were collected from 64, preservice elementary-level teachers, over the course of three semesters, using an open-ended survey. In these data, we identified three affordances and five hindrances that might influence our ability to foster critical perspectives. Among the affordances for fostering critical perspectives, we found that students (a) have a clear sense that cultural difference does not suggest inferiority, (b) have a clear sense that human bias influences science work, and (c) regard opinion as a factor shaping the work of scientists. Among the hindrances to fostering critical perspectives we found that students (d) regard Western science as superior to non-Western science, (e) do not have a strong working knowledge of the concept of "culture," (f) regard science as an objective enterprise, (g) do not have a strong working knowledge of the concept of "objective," and (h) have a one-sided view of scientific advancement. We conclude with suggestions for future research and for practice.


The frequencies of chromosomal aberrations induced by intraperitoneal injection of female CD-1 mice with shale-derived oils and oil shale process waters were investigated. Exposure to a crude shale oil from a vertical, above-ground retort process induced a dose-related increase in the frequency of aberrations observed. A hydrotreated sample of this crude shale oil demonstrated a similar pattern of aberration induction, but at lower frequencies. A crude shale oil from a modified vertical in situ retort induced the highest frequency of aberrations at the lowest dose tested and elevated, but lower frequencies at the middle and high doses. Process waters from above-ground, modified vertical in situ, and modified horizontal in situ retort processes each induced slightly increased frequencies of aberrations, but the results were not dose related.


Storage of 10 Tb/in2 in hard disk drives requires a physical spacing in the level of 0.25 nm at the read-write transducer location. A lot of physical and tribology issues exist to such a low flying height. At such a small spacing intermittent contact of solid-to-solid and solid-to-liquid between the slider and disk surface becomes inevitable, which motivates the improvement needs for the present MEMS-based thermal fly-height control (TFC) technology to satisfy the future storage needs. How to control slider to reduce touchdown instability and eventually eliminate bouncing has been a pressing and challenging research topic. There are many researches dedicated in addressing this challenging issue. For examples, the hysteresis, the influences of surface roughness and waviness, the lubricant modulation and uncertainty, and the nonlinear properties and identification have been investigated and examined in the literatures [1–9]. Knowledge obtained from the literatures concludes that the contact dynamics of slider involve strong nonlinearity and stochastic properties. By using FFT spectral analysis, existing research has clarified many nonlinear dynamics phenomena during touchdown. However, many more complicated phenomena such as narrowband and wideband frequency spectrum and the stochastic features of system response have yet clarified. The existing analytical and numerical researches have been centered on deterministic model analysis. The widely observed random properties of roughness and waviness of solid surfaces and modulation of lubricant have not been fully reflected in the analysis. Inherently not applicable to strong nonlinear and stochastic dynamics problems by classical FFT approach, this paper then proposes to develop a data mining-based approach to diagnosis the complex nonlinear stochastic dynamics of the TFC active slider at nano-meter spacing to the surface during touchdown event.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


Concrete is composed of mortar matrix,coarse aggregate and their interface zone according to concrete framework theory.Four different types of coarse aggregate(lime stone,basalt,granite,and diabase) with different volume fraction of fly ash are used to check slump,compressive strength,flexural strength and modulus of elasticity,and analyze the influence on frost resistance property of different fly ash volume fraction for lime stone coarse aggregate.The analytical results show that,slump,compressive strength,flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete are affected by coarse aggregate significantly.Flow ability and flexural strength of concrete are decreased,but compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete are increased due to coarse aggregate mixed,furthermore,coarse aggregate improves frost resistance of concrete.Slump is increased,and mechanical properties and frost resistance property of concrete are decreased with fly ash volume fraction increasing.There is little difference for concrete properties using different types of coarse aggregate.The properties of concrete using different types of coarse aggregate are little different with fly ash volume fraction increasing.


Target Discrimination,as a key technology in SAR ATR,is used to reject clutter false alarm after detection processing and reduce the computational cost of classification stage.Based on the extensive investigation of published literatures,this paper begins from the development and current study of the technologies of target discrimination,the discrimination algorithms,the actual systems and the performance of discrimination are reviewed in detail.Some primary summaries are given,and some problems need to be resolved are also indicated.


The geology and hydrology of the geothermal system are reviewed briefly. The initial development plans and the geothermal demonstration power plant are discussed. (MHR)


Mobile learning applications have been utilized in university teaching and learning settings. Mobile learning is a general term for education training and information which emphasis on the gathering of skill and knowledge. However, mobile learning is commonly referred to the intentional use of networked ICT in teaching and learning. this study proposes a model to identify that factors that influence the acceptance of mobile learning in higher education and to investigate if prior experience of mobile devices affects the acceptance of mobile learning. This study focus on higher education in Malaysia and 150 higher education students were taken as sample for this study. The objective of this research was to test the relationship from part of the UTAUT model which is performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions to predict whether the fourth element will affect the acceptance of mobile learning among public and private students. This study found that the performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions were significantly influence the acceptance of mobile learning. The technology will benefit students as well as the lecturers in completing their daily tasks.


The utility model discloses a lithium ion secondary battery sealing formation structure, which comprises a battery upper cover plate, wherein a liquid injection hole is arranged on the battery upper cover plate, a one-way relief valve is matched on the liquid injection hole, the one-way relief valve is formed by connection of an upper projection on the upper portion of the battery upper cover plate and a lower projection on the lower portion of the battery upper cover plate, a through-hole is further arranged on the lower projection, and the liquid injection hole is enclosed by the upper projection. In the utility model, as the one-way relief valve is arranged in the battery liquid injection hole, the device ensures that no external impurities enter batteries in the battery formation process, and gas produced in the battery formation process can also be released out of batteries. The device has the advantages of simple and reliable structure, convenient operation and application and low cost.


In the framework of the "Mechanical Design and Verification Methodologies for Ceramic Structures" contract [1] awarded by ESA, Thales Alenia Space has investigated literature and practices in affiliated industries to propose a methodological guideline for verification of ceramic spacecraft and instrument structures. It has been written in order to be applicable to most types of ceramic or glass-ceramic materials - typically Cesic®, HBCesic®, Silicon Nitride, Silicon Carbide and ZERODUR®. The proposed guideline describes the activities to be performed at material level in order to cover all the specific aspects of ceramics (Weibull distribution, brittle behaviour, sub-critical crack growth). Elementary tests and their post-processing methods are described, and recommendations for optimization of the test plan are given in order to have a consistent database. The application of this method is shown on an example in a dedicated article [7]. Then the verification activities to be performed at system level are described. This includes classical verification activities based on relevant standard (ECSS Verification [4]), plus specific analytical, testing and inspection features. The analysis methodology takes into account the specific behaviour of ceramic materials, especially the statistical distribution of failures (Weibull) and the method to transfer it from elementary data to a full-scale structure. The demonstration of the efficiency of this method is described in a dedicated article [8]. The verification is completed by classical full-scale testing activities. Indications about proof testing, case of use and implementation are given and specific inspection and protection measures are described. These additional activities are necessary to ensure the required reliability. The aim of the guideline is to describe how to reach the same reliability level as for structures made of more classical materials (metals, composites).


Background: The study of educational programs and its' association with clinical outcome in patients after neurosurgery appear to be important. There is a link between different method of teaching and supporting with clinical outcome after neuo-surgery. The aim of this study was to examine the significance of education agenda in relation to patients' outcome after neurosurgery. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out at the Isfahan Neurosurgery Ward located at the Isfahan/Kashani Hospital. Study was performed on adult patients after neurosurgery due to different etiology. Demographics, planned educational program and other necessary information were noted in d-Base. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for windows. Results: Previous publication reported that educational program after neuro-surgery could influence quantity and quality of life. In some patients medication awareness and social support needs education program. It is well established that pharmacotherapy-teaching techniques could diminish the stage of anxiety and sadness. To improve care in order to maximize treatment effectiveness after neuro-surgery, teaching supervision could provide precious final medical decision for neurosurgeons. Conclusion: Our preliminary observation predicts that teaching program in patients after neuro-surgery could increase patients' awareness related to disease, its' progression, treatment and drugs adverse effects. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA


Extensions of Heinz-Kato's inequalities and related inequalities are obtained for semisimple connected noncompact Lie groups. Mathematics Subject Index 2000:Primary 22E46; Secondary 15A45.


In this paper,based on analysis of relationship between characteristics and structure of microwave power sensors,an optimum index is defined.Using both thermal circuits and finite element methods,an optimum index formula is obtained.It can be used as a foundation to design power sensors.


There aremanyfields atwhereadhoc networks areused, butapplications like mission critical and commercial production or broadcasting whichmostly contain realtime audio andvideo streams andrequire absolute end toendguarantee forQoS.Thekeyattribute these applications forguarantying forQoSis,they needrouting pathforconnectivity like virtual leased line that isverydifficult inthescenario of mobile adhocnetworks duetothemobility of nodesandchanging topology conditions. With respect totransfer thecontents, resources are required tobereserved alongtheselected path(s).In thisregard previously twotypes of approaches arebeing used. loadbalancing in whichmultiple paths areselected andresources arereserved onthose andpackets aresentalong allpaths andother touseredundant paths but using only oneatonetimebyreserving resources onthat. Onfailure offirst one, second isusedand tried toreserve resources onthat alternate path. Inthis paperwehaveintroduced entirely anew approach inwhichwefindmultiple paths and select bestthree fromallthoseasprimary, secondary andternary oncertain criteria of maximumbandwidth andminimumhopesand these paths mustbeloop free andnodedisjoined. Resources arereserved onbothprimary and secondary pathsandallocate thosereserved resources todifferent categories oftraffic according totheir priority onthebasis ofservice agreement madewith network. Wehavedesigned thecomplete mechanism forallocating the resources todifferent priority traffics andtried to avoid theroute breaks.


Introduction 1 The Early Stages: From the Netherlands to Great Britiain 2 The Commoditization of Theories of Art 3 The Painter as Homo Economicus 4 Critics and Auctions 5 The Evolution of Picture-Dealing 6 The Victorian Era 7 'Working the Oracle': The Tools of the Trade 8 The Formation of a Nexus: A Story of Christies 9 Commoditization and the Artist as Producer: Product Differentiation and the Domestication of Pictures 10 The End of the 'Golden Age' 11 Postscript: A Perpetual Innovative Whirl


In order to achieve ultra-large (>20m) effective apertures for space-based telescopes, new techniques will have to be developed to overcome issues of increased launch mass and volume. Research conducted in the past has shown it possible to correct for thousands of waves of surface and geometrical wavefront error using inexpensive image holograms of aberrated primary elements. We now show that this same technique can also be used to simultaneously phase separate primary apertures together. Experimental results presented here demonstrate the phasing and correction of both monolithic membrane primaries and glass flats to diffraction limited performance. In the latter case, the lack of curvature of the mirrors is simply treated as an aberration like any other. The ultimate goal of this project is to conceive a simple correction scheme which will permit space-based imaging interferometers with effective apertures of up to 100m. Although operating over narrow bandwidths, such telescopes may well be suited to lidar, optical communications or high-resolution imaging not requiring multi-spectral detection.


High resolution astronomical imagery plays a critical role in multiple remote sensing applications. In this work, we introduce a novel post-acquisition computational technique aiming to recover the high-quality versions of blurry and degraded astronomical observations. Additionally, the proposed scheme is able to retrieve significant information regarding the characteristic properties of the blurring kernel, i.e point spread function (PSF). In order to accomplish this goal, we exploit the mathematical frameworks of Sparse Reprentations, and the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). Experimental results demonstrate the ability of the proposed approach to synthesize high-quality astronomical imagery.