The invention discloses a kind of wireless power transmission systems based on sound focusing, including sound energy generation unit, sound energy centralized unit, sound can recycle unit.Sound energy generation unit includes driving unit, power amplification unit and energy emitting element, and the part is for electric energy to the conversion of sound energy.Sound energy centralized unit can be concentrated by sound focuser completion sound.It includes energy acceptance unit and rectifier boost filter unit that sound, which can recycle unit, and sound can be converted into electric energy and sent to rectifier boost unit to export electric energy by energy acceptance unit.The invention completes wireless power transmission compared with traditional wired transmission of electricity, Supply Security, reliability, in terms of wireless power transmission have unique advantage.The invention uses sound compared with current magnetic field wireless power transmission and can transmit electricity, and opens a new mode for wireless power transmission.


Historically, Turing machines have been the paradigm by which we define computability and efficiency. This is based on Church's thesis that every thing effectively computable can also be computed on a Turing machine. However, since our world behaves quantum mechanically, it seems reasonable also to consider computing models that make use of quantum mechanical properties. First stated by Benioff and Feynman, this idea was formalized by Deutsch when he introduced his quantum computer and, later on, quantum gate arrays. This article gives an introduc tion to quantum computing and briefly looks at a few results in quantum computation, not the least of which is Shor's polynomial-time factoring algorithm.


Atrioventricular block which caused death in a 6-month-old baby is reported. Necropsy examination revealed the only abnormality in the heart to be an aneurysm of the membranous septum. Histological examination of the conduction system showed fibrosis and attenuation of the bundle of His at the lower border of the aneurysm.


The receiver sensitivity in optical communication is improved by heterodyne and/or coherent communication schemes, as compared with an ordinary intensity-modulation/direct-detection system. This paper presents the computation of the minimum signal level for achieving a prescribed bit-error rate in various heterodyne and coherent-type optical communication systems, as functions of the information-transmission rate and mixerdiode parameters. It is shown that in long-wavelength (1.3 um ~ 1.6 urn) region, the improvement in the signal level by the heterodyne/coherent schemes is relatively high (10 dB-20 dB). improvement of the receiver sensitivity especially at the longer wavelengths, because these schemes bring forth a sensitivity close to the shot-noise limit, regardless the mixer-noise performance [1]. The improvement of the sensitivity by these schemes was first computed by Yamamoto [2], who gave the BER vs. signal-power relations for various heterodyne/coherent schemes.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate empirically the relationship between ownership distribution and value of the banks in the banking sectors of Bangladesh, with a special attention to the identity of the ownership distribution (foreign ownership, institutional ownership, director ownership and public ownership). The empirical study is conducted using a sample of 30 banks from the period 2012-2016. Regression analyses are conducted to test the impact of the relationship between the ownership distribution and value of the banks. The results show that director ownership and public ownership both are positive relationship with return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) but there is no significant relationship with foreign ownership and institutional ownership. The findings provided useful information to policy makers, investors and bank managers. The value of the banks can be improved by identifying practices associated with ownership structure.


Objective To study the function of IFIT1, a novel gene associated with the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods First we generate an expression clone of IFIT1 by performing an LR recombination reaction between the entry clone from Genecopoiea and a GatewayTM destination vector. Then transfect the vector into the Jurkat T cells. Single clone cells expressing EGFP and IFIT1-EGFP were selected by standard limiting dilution method. The stable transfectants of EGFP and IFIT1-EGFP were stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28. Cell surface antigen expression were dectected by flow cytometry. The apoptosis and expansion of each transfectant were detected according to the manufacture′s instruction. The culture supernatants were assayed for cytokines by sandwich ELISA. Furthermore transfection of psilence vector which could produce anti-ifitl-specifics small RNA duplexes partially blocked the expression of overexpressed ifitl in Jurkat T cell. The same assays were done by stimulation with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28. Results There were no significant difference in the expression level of the various cell surface molecules, apoptosis and expansion among Jurkat, Jurkat/EGFP, and Jurkat/IFIT1-EGFP transfectants. But we find the Jurkat/IFIT1-EGFP can enhance the production of IL-4 and IL-10. After knock down the expression of IFIT1 by RNAi, the levels ofIL-4 and IL-10 production were partially decreased. Conclusion The results indicate the SLE related-geneIFIT1 may play important role in the production of cytokines and interfere the Th1/Th2 balance.


The two-dimensional circumplex of interpersonal behavior can provide a useful framework for evaluating the interpersonalness of personality constructs. In the present study, subjects completed a measure of interpersonal behavior (the Interpersonal Circle), along with a number of common personality scales. Analyses showed that personality scales differ in characteristic inter personalness, defined in terms of vector length and angular displacement in a two-dimensional space. The apparent content of a scale is not necessarily a good indicator of the interpersonalness of that scale.


The development of soil cover on loess in regions of Cretaceous sediments and Devonian limestones in the Bohemian Massif was analysed. The study was performed in areas with different land use. Parent material was characterized on the basis of thin section study. Soils were evaluated by macromorphological analysis, particle size distribution, chemical properties, parameters of soil organic matter and mineral composition of clay fraction. The results revealed differences in the formation of soil cover which are predominately connected with geological conditions. The main pedogenetic process for Bohemian Cretaceous Basin is humification. Pedogenetic clay differentiation is relatively slight. Intense pedogenetic clay differentiation, less pronounced processes of litter formation and humification are characteristic for soils in the Devonian limestone areas. The intensity of processes of pedogenetic clay differentiation is influenced by pH values. The quality and quantity of soil organic matter were influenced by the source of biomass, biological activity and type of land use. Petrography of parent material from thin sections shows some differences among features of Ck horizons. The most abundant minerals of clay fraction of the studied soil are quartz, illite and kaolinite. Bt horizons of Albic Luvisols have an elevated content of illite. ARTICLE INFO


In this paper, the driving circuit design was introduced for active matrix organic light emitting diode display, the pixel electrode circuit was discussed. And the method was proposed for some peripheral integration of driving circuits on substrate using complementary poly-silicon thin film transistor (TFT) to reduce the lead lines between the OLED display and peripheral circuitry, and simplify the peripheral driving complexity. Based on the two-TFT pixel electrode circuit, we design the driving circuit on the panel. Firstly a kind of shift register circuit structure was given, and using this circuit and some accessory gate circuits the gate driver was composed for the scan lines. Further the data sampling circuit on panel was constructed. For reduce the connection lines with the peripheral driver, the data lines were divide into M blocks. When the gate bus line is enabled, the blocks are in operation one by one. Consequently the analog signal from the peripheral driver will transmit to the data lines. This data voltage is applied on the two-TFT pixel circuit to drive the OLED. Because the data voltage is different analog signal, the OLED current is different as the data voltage and its luminance change with the OLED current. By AIM-Spice software we simulate the driver integrated on the panel, and verify the gate driver and data sample circuit function. A specific programmable application specific driver IC design was proposed for active matrix organic light emitting diode display, it is achieved by using CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device) chip. We make use of the hardware description language VHDL to program the CPLD and generate the external control signal for active matrix OLED panel. And at the same time CPLD operates the data process and outputs the digital display data with grey scale, those digital data were converted to analog voltage signal and transmitted to data sampling circuitry on panel. Our design results were verified by simulation and synthesis. At last the outline of the specific application IC and OLED display was shown.


Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) is one of the biodiversity of Kisar Island, Maluku Barat Daya (MBD). This study aimed to determine the number and size of chromosomes from pigeon pea (C. cajan) from Kisar Island, MBD. The method used for chromosome observation is the squashing method, while for the analysis of the shape and size of chromosomes using the picsart and image raster applications. Data analysis using descriptive analysis with the help of figures and tables. The results showed that the chromosome number of three varieties of pigeon pea (C. cajan) was 2n = 14. The longest chromosome is owned by orange seed varieties that are 9.17 μm, batik color seed varieties are 9.09 μm, the shortest chromosomes are owned by black seed varieties of 8.32 μm. The chromosome length of the three varieties of pigeon pea (C. cajan) varies showing different genome numbers.


This fine collection of articles provides an excellent introduction to the contemporary dynamics of the North Korean regime. In the early and mid-1990s, following a series of formative events and crises the implosion of the Soviet Union, the normalization of South Korea's relations with the People's Republic of China and Russia, the death of Kim II Sung in 1994, several climatic disasters, and the failure of the North's economic system a number of commentators and diplomats forecast the imminent 'collapse' of North Korea. Yet, the regime has survived into the new millennium. The book analyzes recent developments in the north and explores how and why the regime has been able to maintain power. Samuel Kim argues that a 'systems approach' is the best way to examine the political and social character of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). Under this framework, North Korea is characterized as a 'mono-organizational system with a low degree of institutionalization, in which the boundaries among state, system, and regime have become blurred and overlapping if not completely erased' (p 13). The central feature of the political system is the critical role played by Kim Jong I1, the 'Dear Leader' and chairman of the Defense Commission. The editor maintains that the dynastic succession of Kim Jong II and the regime's emphasis on legitimation through appeals to the heroic legacies of the Kim family have made the DPRK look more like a fundamentalist theocracy than a communist state. Dae-Sook Suh notes that the regime has gone through a number of significant structural changes since the early 1990s. Although Kim I1 Sung ruled through the North Korean Workers' party, his son consolidated power around the military, which has emerged as the key nerve centre of the regime. Charles Armstrong traces the genealogy of the northern system and points out that the close interconnectedness among North Korean politics, economics, culture, and ideology means that reform of one element of the system will have a direct impact on them all. According to Armstrong, the regime's greatest challenge is to find a way to reform itself without initiating a breakdown in the system.


Despite the great importance of soybeans in Brazil, there have been few applications of soybean crop modeling on Brazilian conditions. Thus, the objective of this study was to use modified crop models to estimate the depleted and potential soybean crop yield in Brazil. The climatic variable data used in the modified simulation of the soybean crop models were temperature, insolation and rainfall. The data set was taken from 33 counties (28 Sao Paulo state counties, and 5 counties from other states that neighbor Sao Paulo). Among the models, modifications in the estimation of the leaf area of the soybean crop, which includes corrections for the temperature, shading, senescence, CO 2 , and biomass partition were proposed; also, the methods of input for the model's simulation of the climatic variables were reconsidered. The depleted yields were estimated through a water balance, from which the depletion coefficient was estimated. It can be concluded that the adaptation soybean growth crop model might be used to predict the results of the depleted and potential yield of soybeans, and it can also be used to indicate better locations and periods of tillage.


The typical experimental data of protein denaturation are analyzed,It is found that the two-state model,used widely in the studies of protein denaturation,is not consistent with a true denaturation process,On the basis of analyzing experimental results,a new model-the sequential model reflecting denaturation feature is given.The model shows that the protein unfolding undergoes a continuous steady process of conformational changes.


In the 20's of the twentieth century,the frontier poems were paid attention to by the literary world,and achievements were made in this field.At the start of the new century it is necessary for us to re-examine the study of the frontier poems of the twentieth century.The following issues should be focused upon.They include the source and development of the frontier poems,the whys of its prosperity,the study of the frontier poets,and the aesthetic features of the poems.


This study was conducted in order to investigate the marketing strategies of Gardenia Bakeries in Malaysia. Gardenia is a very well-known name by the majority of Malaysians. Therefore, the researchers choose this firm as the best topic for this case study. Gardenia has 4 production plants, 3 in Shah Alam and 1 in Puchong, Malaysia. Gardenia's marketing strategies make the company have a large market share in Malaysia despite having many competitors. This study was conducted using data collection which is gathered from journals and websites. The researchers also distributed a survey for this study with 80 respondents taking part in the online survey. The result shows that the customers are satisfied with the product's packaging and the price.


This education in the district Sinabung. Karo, North Sumatra. This study is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach is the approach that gather information from key informants, key informants were cation curriculum district education office. Karo, vice principal of SMAN 1 Simpang Empat, geography teachers and students at school camps in the district. Karo North Sumatra. Data collection techniques used questionnaires, observation, and interviews. The data have been obtained validity tested by observation and triangulation techniques perseverance. The analysis of data reduction phase, classification, and interpretation of data, and making conclusions. The results of this study found that (1) the educational facilities after the eruption Sinabung heavily damaged that it took evacuation (2) teacher in learning has not been able to create a learning device that weighs up to the implementation of the curriculum in 2013 after the eruption of Sinabung (3) the learning process in the classroom is not the optimum because schools were put on two shifts morning and afternoon school because of the limitations of the worthy life (4) children at school age after the eruption Sinabung traumatized so that schools and non-formal educational institutions work together to provide trauma healing (5) the role of non-formal and formal institutions is helpful for education after the eruption Sinabung (6) the role of the host is needed as a motivation for children to continue their post-disaster study of Sinabung.


This paper presents a 6-bit high-speed, low-power digital-to-analog converter (DAC). It is based on a current steering binary weighted architecture and achieves 10-bit accuracy without calibration. Due to the absence of a thermometer decoder, the operating speed can be up to 4.5 GS/s. The DAC occupies 0.4 mm times 0.5 mm in a standard 130 nm CMOS technology. A spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of more than 36 dB has been measured over the complete Nyquist interval at sampling frequencies up to 3 GS/s. The power consumption at a 3 GHz clock frequency for a near-Nyquist sinusoidal output signal equals 29 mW.


Emergency care of elderly patients is frequent and complex in the emergency department. Frail older patients have a high risk of poor short-term results following emergency care. There is no practical universal or standardized tool defining frailty. It must be systematically identified in older patients at risk using a screening test, and in those who are positive, a diagnostic scale of frailty or preferably a geriatric scale adapted to emergency care is carried out. An adapted geriatric assessment including brief scales related to clinical, mental, functional and social aspects has been proposed. There are currently no geriatric intervention models with sufficient evidence in frail older patients.


An automatic recording quartz spring balance is improved by using image sensor techniques. Two kinds of arrangement of the image sensor are examined. The weighing error is less than 0.15% for the maximum load. Stability against a zero point shift is excellent. Merits of this balance are discussed in comparison with previous automatic recording balances. Especially the balance system is simple in mechanism.


We give a simple and unified proof of the characterizations of all possible composition operators that are isometries of either a general Hardy space or a general weighted Bergman spaces of the disk. We do the same for the isometries of analytic Besov spaces (containing the Dirichlet space) among the composition operators with univalent symbols. Introduction Throughout this note, dm(θ) = (2π)−1dθ will denote the normalized arc length measure on the unit circle T. We assume that the reader is familiar with the definition of the standard Hardy spaces H of the disk (see [D], for example). We write dA for the normalized Lebesgue area measure on the unit disk D: dA(re) = π−1rdrdθ. The weighted Bergman space Aw is the space of all L (D, w dA) functions analytic in the disk, where w is a radial weight function: w(z) = w(|z|), non-negative and integrable with respect to dA. Every H is a Banach space when 1 ≤ p < ∞, and so is Aw when the weight w is "reasonable" (whenever the point evaluations are bounded; roughly speaking, w should not be zero "too often" near the unit circle). The unweighted Bergman space A is obtained when w ≡ 1 (see [DS] for the theory of these spaces); the standard weighted space Aα corresponds to the case w(z) = (α + 1)(1− |z|2)α, −1 < α < ∞. Given an analytic function φ in the unit disk D such that φ(D) ⊂ D, the composition operator Cφ with symbol φ defined by Cφf(z) = f(φ(z)) is always bounded on any H or Aα space, in view of Littlewood's Subordination Theorem. The monographs [S1] and [CM] are standard sources for the theory of composition operators on such spaces. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 47B33; Secondary 30H05.


Introduction 1. The age of private bankers, 1780-1840 2. The concentration of capital, 1840-1875 3. A globalised world, 1875-1914 4. Wars and depression, 1914-1945 5. Growth and regulation, 1945-1980 6. Globalisation, innovation and crisis, 1980-2009 Conclusion Glossary.


This study presents a comparison of themes found in the U.S. and South Korean news coverage of the Paralympics. It is commonplace to associate rugged individualism with the former country and collectivism with the latter, and we assumed that these national traits would be apparent in the news coverage of the Paralympic Games in the two countries. Using the keyword "Paralympics," we searched two decades of newspaper coverage and performed latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling on the articles that the search produced. The results of the modeling confirmed that the reporting in each country reflected its national characteristics, with the U.S. coverage reinforcing ableism and the South Korean coverage focusing on the government's efforts to promote large-scale sporting events. The news stories in both countries were alike, though, in treating disabled athletes and traditional athletes differently. Part of the contribution of this research to the academic study of disabled athletes is the use of computational textual analysis to address these issues.


Using derived temperatures from thermal‐infrared instruments aboard orbiting spacecraft, we constrain the thermophysical properties, in the upper few meters, of the north polar residual cap of Mars. In line with previous authors we test a homogeneous thermal model (i.e., depth‐independent thermal properties), simulating water ice of varying porosity against observed temperatures. We find that high thermal inertia (>1,000 J m−2 K−1 s 1/2 or <40% porosity) provides the best fit for most of the residual cap. Additionally, we test the observed data against models with depth‐dependent thermal properties. Models tested converge on similar solutions: we find extensive regions of low surface thermal inertia consistent with a porous layer at the surface (>40% porosity) that densifies with depth into a zero‐porosity ice layer at shallow depths (<0.5 m). We interpret this as evidence of recent water ice accumulation. Our results along the edge of the residual cap imply that denser (<40% porosity) ice is present at the surface and coincides with lower albedo. These results suggest that older ice is undergoing exhumation along much of the residual cap margin. The results support recent water ice accumulation having occurred over specific regions, while ablation dominates in others.


It has been said that we are in the midst of a period of musical reconstruction. The use of music during the war demonstrated its popular qualities and strengthened convictions regarding its social, spiritual and physical values. But opinions differ as to the definite musical influence of the outburst of song which marked the musical activities of the war period. Whatever views one may entertain regarding this point, it must be conceded that some degree of progress was certainly made; for the spontaneous mass-singing incited by this movement involved many groups of people who had never sung before, awakening in them a love for music-making whose influence as a factor in musical development cannot be otherwise than stimulating. However small the direct musical results accruing from this mass-singing may have been, this indirect benefit is significant, constituting an entering wedge for further advance and attracting attention to music as a forceful element in our national life.


Replacing noble metal catalysts with inexpensive, environmentally harmless, active, selective, and stable substitutes is a great challenge for the chemical industry. In this paper, the noble metal-...


SUMMARY Role of Catalan academic institutions. From illustration academies to Institute of Catalan Studies and its societies. A short revision is given of the means employed, the audience aimed at and the extent reached in science dissemination by Catalan academic institutions since the foundation of the first Academies in the mid-XVIII century to present. The author notes the insufficient resources of theses institutions and the adverse social and political conditions over a considerable extent of this period, and also their poor dynamism and their voluntary restrictions about the kind of audience pursued. All that could explain the short echo obtained until very recent periods, despite of some exception to the general tendency, which has


The present invention relates to edible oil-in-water emulsions that have been stabilized by incorporation of a small quantity of ground, pulse seed and a related process of production thereof. More particularly, the invention provides an edible oil-in-water emulsion comprising: 15-80 wt.% of a continu ous aqueous phase, said aqueous phase having a pH in the range of 3.0-5.0; 20-85 wt.% of a dispersed oil phase com prising more than 80 vol.% of oil droplets having a diameter of less than 20 Jum; wherein the emulsion has an elastic modulus G at 20° C. of 100-3500 Pa and contains 0.1-8% of finely ground pulse seed, calculated as dry matter by weight of aqueous phase, said finely ground pulse seed being obtained from pulse seed having the following composition, calculated on dry matter:30-60 wt.% of starch; 1-40 wt.% of dietary fiber: 0.5-12 wt.% of sugars: 15-35 wt.% of protein; 0.8-12 wt.% of oil; wherein starch, dietary fiber, sugars, protein and oil together make up 95-100 wt.% of the dry matter contained in the pulse seed; and wherein the pulse seed contains starch and protein in a weight ratio of 2:3 to 3:1.


In this paper,the orthogonal projection approximation subspace tracking(OPAST) is employed for channel estimation and space-time multiuser detection in space-time block coded MIMO system.Simulation results show that the blind adaptive space-time multiuser detection can resist severe near-far effect and cancel multiple access interference(MAI).In addition,the method has a better tracking performance in MIMO system.


Blade Element Momentum Theory (BEMT) performance models for wind turbines lead to a robust BEMT model of marine current or tidal stream turbines. It is shown that numerical convergence methods for models reported in the literature are problematic when away from the normal operating range and this paper reports a robust numerical scheme using combined Monte Carlo and sequential quadratic optimisation. The model is extended by Prandtl corrections for losses at the blade tip and hub. Results are validated against an industrial code, Garrad Hassan's Tidal Bladed Software (GH Tidal Bladed) evaluation version, and a lifting line theory model.


Time-dependent origin-destination (TDOD) demand estimation is often formulated as a bi-level quadratic optimization in which the estimated demand in the upper-level problem is evaluated iteratively through a dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) model in the lower level. When congestion forms and propagates in the network, traditional solutions assuming a linear relation between demand flow and link flow become inaccurate and yield biased solutions. In this study, we study a sensitivity-based method taking into account the impact of other OD flows on the links' traffic volumes and densities. Thereafter, we compare the performance of the proposed method with several well-established solution methods for TDOD demand estimation problem. The methods are applied to a benchmark study urban network and a major freeway corridor in Melbourne, Australia. We show that the incorporation of traffic density into flow-based models improves the accuracy of the estimated OD flows and assist solution algorithm in avoiding converging to a sub-optimal result. Moreover, the final results obtained from the proposed sensitivity-based method contains less amount of error while the method exceeds the problem's computational intensity compared to the traditional linear method.


Introduction: Family is a social system and the most important unit of human social life. In every community, retarded children are born, and their needs should be considered to prevent negative consequences on their families and improve their quality of life. Mindfulness-based interventions are considered as the third generation or third wave of cognitive-behavioral therapy. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the quality of life and mental health of mothers with deaf children. Material and Methods: Mothers of 24 deaf children were selected by convenience sampling method from special schools in Kermanshah and were assigned randomly to experimental (n=12) and control group (n=12). The experiment group received 8 sessions of mindfulness training, but the control group received no intervention. Both groups had completed short form questionnaire of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and the World Health Organization quality of Life questionnaire before and after the intervention. For testing the research hypotheses, multivariate analysis of covariance was used. Results: Analysis of the results showed that mindfulness-based practices have significant (P<0.05) positive impact on the quality of life and its components (physical health, social health, environmental health) and on mental health of mothers with deaf children which these findings are consistent with previous research studies. Conclusion: Because, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy improves mental health and quality of life, it is a suitable therapy to prevent problems of families with exceptional children.


Due to evaluate of damages like to cracks in the embankment during an earthquake so cased to piping or overtopping and failure are main purpose. Review study indicated that the maximum displacement during dynamic loading is led to the crest and interaction between embankment with foundation or water was cased. Numerical analysis to investigate of relationship between material properties of the crest with unsaturated condition in short height embankment on the soft soil is performed. Analyses of models with plane strain were concerned by the finite-element method with ANSYS13 software so earthquake record as NAGAN with 5.02 second and peak ground acceleration equal to PGA=0.65g is used. Analysis of results in the main points indicated that to control dynamic settlement with minimum value of displacement in the vertical and horizontal axis and maximum shear stress in the foundation must follow from  Ratio. This ratio was conducted to modulus elasticity between an unsaturated crest of embankment and soft soil in the foundation and this value between 0.13to0.20 Was defined and the best suggest of the ratio was  =0.16 to satisfy all the conditions. In addition, Numerical analysis had good agreements with literature review. Search more to evaluate the best value of this ratio for height embankment is a suggestion for future.


This article gives an overview of the experiment, which aims to detect the effect of the shrinkage on the stress and the strain of the slabs reinforced at one surface by different types of reinforcement (steel and GFRP reinforcement). Some partial results from the strain measurements on steel reinforced slabs and their comparison with numerical calculation are also reported in the article. From publications found larger bending tensile creep towards compression creep can explain the difference between calculation and experiment.


ABSTRACT Introduction The role of chronic inflammatory process in the pathogenesis or exacerbation of hypertension has been already acknowledged. Areas covered Therefore, one can speculate that hypotensive drugs may exert some of their therapeutic effects due to immunomodulatory properties. So far, this assumption has been tested in different studies, and the resulting knowledge is summarized in the current review article that is dedicated to different groups of antihypertensives, namely calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, as well as other less commonly used medications, such as hydralazine, alfa-2 receptor agonists, diazoxide, doxazosin, aliskiren, and sodium nitroprusside. Articles were found in the Pubmed by entering the name of a specific drug/group of drugs with the words: immunology, cellular response, humoral response, inflammation, interleukin. The 2000–2021 range was used to search for all drugs except propranolol (1980–2021) and calcium blockers (1990–2021). Expert Opinion Observed decrease in serum/plasma concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, and CRP along with lower expression of adhesion molecules on immune cells strongly suggest that these drugs possess immunomodulatory properties, which seems to be crucial in the medical practice, especially in the therapy of hypertensive patients with other accompanying inflammatory-based diseases, such as type II diabetes, developed metabolic syndrome, allergies or autoimmunity.


An electronic ballast is one of the most cost sensitive products of power electronics. The high cost of available high intensity discharge (HID) lamp electronic ballasts is constraining their wide usage. A possible way to minimize the cost of an HID lamp ballast is to chose an optimal ballast operating frequency at which the required amount of components and their cost are minimal. As shown in this paper the minimal cost achieved at a selected operating frequency is in the 300 kHz region. Because of acoustic resonance problem in the HID lamp operating at high frequency, special attention was devoted to solution of this problem. The following items were used for cost minimization: a modern controller chip with integrated low and high side FET drivers; control, start up, and fault protection logic; an integrated magnetic-transformer-inductor; the simplest lamp power control circuit; bus voltage ripple for frequency modulation of lamp current to suppress acoustic resonance.


In this paper, the effect of long-term storage on patulin reduction in different tomato products (juice, puree, pulp, paste, and ketchup) was assessed, together with the evaluation of patulin heat-resistance and baro-tolerance in tomato juice. For these purposes, different extraction methods for patulin detection in tomato products using an RP-HPLC apparatus were preliminarily assessed. Concerning the effect of long-term storage (up to six months) on patulin, at 25°C a non-linear, progressive reduction of the toxin was observed for all tomato products tested during storage. Tomato paste was the matrix where the most marked decrease was observed, patulin being reduced to undetectable levels just after one month at 25°C. It was followed by tomato puree, where the toxin was reduced to unquantifiable levels after six months at 25°C. Differently, the toxin was always present at detectable levels in tomato pulp, puree, and ketchup where it was respectively reduced by 64%, 81%, and 88% after six months at 25°C. Concerning the effect of thermal treatment and High-Pressure Processing on patulin, the DT value (D95=270 min) calculated for tomato juice was much higher than times usually applied in the industrial practice on nonconcentrated tomato products, and the highest time/pressure combination applicable at an industrial level on tomato juice (600 MPa for 10 min) did not give any decimal reduction to patulin concentration. Since all the strategies applied did not prove sufficient to inactivate patulin in all products considered, tomato products other than pastes could represent a risk for this toxin, in case substantial spoilage by patulin-producing fungi occurred on tomato fruits and an insufficient amount of detoxing substances such as L-ascorbic acid was present in the above-mentioned products.


Amorphous Si: H is a materials system that possesses several distinct local environments for the hydrogen. The evidence discussed in this paper suggests that it is the distribution of the hydrogen between these environments and not the total hydrogen content that is the crucial factor in determining defect density. The material that possesses the "optimum" properties for device applications is a homogeneous silicon hydrogen compound that contains hydrogen bonded as either Si-H or SiH2. The primary structural defect in this system is a void associated with (SiH2)n. These voids are oriented parallel to the growth direction of the film and the dangling bonds on their internal surfaces form deep defect states that act as efficient non-radiative recombination centers.


Abstract:In 2017, we founded the international conference series Racing the Classics to challenge foundational assumptions about knowledge production and race within the discipline. The inaugural event invited participants to unabashedly center race and ethnicity in their research in order to counter the dangerously universalizing pretensions of "Western Civilization" and other white supremacist ideologies suffusing the academy. Over time and subsequent iterations, we have pushed participants, ourselves included, to depart even further from the habits and normative scripts that circumscribe what gathering together to do this kind of work looks like now or could be in the future. We here reflect on the origin and progress of the conference series and offer practical suggestions for differentiating abstractly "inclusive and equitable" goals from targeted transformations of racializing practices.


There is an increasing consensus among policy makers and academics that Missionoriented Innovation Policy is needed to tackle the grand societal challenges of our time. However, there is little experience in actually carrying out this new type of policy. In this light, we investigate Sweden's ambitious traffic safety policy known as 'Vision Zero'. We consider this policy as a mission-oriented innovation policy towards a societal challenge, as it started from the articulation of a bold, societal goal (zero traffic deaths), fostered multiple types of innovations (technological infrastructural, regulatory), and involved a variety of actors (public, private and professional organizations). We explain what the Vision Zero policy entails, how stakeholders dealt with 'transformational failures', and what made the policy a success. We end with lessons for the development of new mission-oriented innovation policies to address societal challenges. This is a draft chapter/article. The final version will be available as: Craens, J., Frenken, K., Meelen, T. (2022). Mission-oriented innovation policy: The case of the Swedish 'Vision Zero' approach to traffic safety, in: J.A. Annema, J. Köhler, B. van Wee (eds.), Innovations in transport. Success, failure, Societal impacts, forthcoming 2022, Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd. The material cannot be used for any other purpose without further permission of the publisher, and is for private use only. Acknowledgement: We thank Jan Anne Annema, Jonathan Köhler and Bert van Wee for comments on pervious drafts of the paper. Koen Frenken benefitted from financial support from the INTRANSIT center funded by the Norwegian Research Council.


Dinitrophenylazo dyes can form 2‐phenylbenzotriazoles (PBTAs) in the textile dyeing process upon the addition of chemical reducing agents. Some dinitrophenylazo dyes, as well as their respective reduced (non‐chlorinated) and chlorinated PBTAs, are now found in rivers owing to wastewater from textile plants. This study aimed to investigate the genotoxicity of a new PBTA derived from C.I. Disperse Violet 93 azo dye, namely non‐Cl PBTA‐9. Primary DNA damage in the blood, liver, and colon cells, micronucleated cells in the bone marrow, and gene expression (NAT2, CYP1A1, TRP53, and CDKN1A) in liver cells were observed in mice, at acute oral exposure (gavage) doses of 5, 50, and 500 μg/kg body weight (b.w.). The non‐chlorinated PBTA‐9 caused DNA damage in the blood and liver (at 500 μg/kg b.w.) and in colon cells (at 5, 50, and 500 μg/kg), and increased the frequency of micronucleated cells in the bone marrow (at 5 and 50 μg/kg). No histological alterations or gene expression changes were observed. In conclusion, in vivo exposure to non‐chlorinated PBTA‐9 induced genetic damage in various rodent tissues, corroborating results previously obtained from the Ames test. Because this compound has been detected in rivers, exposure to humans and biota is a major concern.


We present a formalism for incorporating intra-bunch wake fields into particle-by-particle tracking codes, such as MERLIN and BDSIM. Higher order wake fields are incorporated in a manner which is computationally efficient. Standard formulae for geometric, resistive and dielectric wake fields are included for various apertures, particularly those relevant for ILC collimators.


Data transmission classification is an important issue in networks communications, since the data classification process has the ultimate impact in organizing and arranging it according to size and area to prepare it for transmission to minimize the transmission bandwidth and enhancing the bit rate. There are several methods and mechanisms for classifying the transmitted data according to the type of data and to the classification efficiency. One of the most recent classification methods is the classification of artificial neural networks (ANN). It is considered one of the most dynamic and up-to-date research in areas of application. ANN is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI). The neural network is trained by backpropagation algorithm. Various combinations of functions and their effect while utilizing ANN as a file, classifier was studied and the validity of these functions for different types of datasets was analyzed. Back propagation neural university (BPNN) supported with Levenberg Marqurdte (LM) activation function might be utilized with as a successful data classification tool with a suitable set of training and learning functions which operates, when the probability is maximum. Whenever the maximum likelihood method was compared with backpropagation neural network method, the BPNN supported with Levenberg Marqurdte (LM) activation function was further accurate than maximum likelihood method. A high predictive ability against stable and well-functioning BPNN is possible. Multilayer feed-forward neural network algorithm is also used for classification. However BPNN supported with Levenberg Marqurdte (LM) activation function proves to be more effective than other classification algorithms.


Melanophore-expanding activity (MEA) was detectable at least by stage 30 of Hamburger and Hamilton (6–6.5 incubation days) in 53 whole adenohypophyseal anlagen (plus mesenchyme) from domesticated Gallus gallus embryos. This was estimated from responses to adenohypophyseal implants next to dermal melanophores of intact Rana temporaria tadpoles, as compared with control implants of embryonic myelencephalic tissue. Analyses of 27 implants of adenohypophyseal cephalic- or caudal-region tissue alone indicated that MEA was associated mostly with cephalic regions. This association started at least by stage 35 (8–9 incubation days) and continued until the 1st day post hatching, as compared with control implants of embryonic eyelid tissue.


The quantity of data kept in computer files and databases is growing at an exceptional rate. More refine information from these data is expected. Simple structured or query language queries are no more sufficient to support the increasing demands for information. Due to this increase in the amount of data and requirement of extracting more sophisticated information from that data, mining comes into effect. There are mainly three types of mining: data mining, web mining, and text mining. This paper is a survey paper which will focus on the fundamentals of web mining and describe in detail the process and techniques of web-mining. Web mining is an emerging research topic which combines two of the activated research areas: Data Mining and World Wide Web. As data mining aims at discovering valuable information that is hidden in conventional databases, the Web mining aims at finding and extracting relevant information that is hidden in Web-related data. Web mining is categorized into three areas: Web content mining, Web structure mining, and Web usage mining. Web content mining focuses on the discovery of the useful information from the Web contents. The Web structure mining emphasizes on the discovery of how to model the underlying link structures of the Web. Web usage mining discovers the user's usage pattern and tries to predict the user's behaviours. Web data can be categorized as content, structure, usage, user profile.


Abstract: We have developed a real‐time RT‐PCR that absolutely quantifies the gene expression of hormones using the standard curve method. The method avoids cloning procedures by using primer extension to create templates containing a T7 promoter gene sequence. It is rapid since neither separate reverse transcriptions nor postamplification steps are necessary, and its low detection level (2 pg/μg total RNA) allows precise absolute quantification. Using the method, we have quantified the gene expression of GH, IGF‐I, and IGF‐II in the tilapia.


This article is an interesting fellow to Mr. Jessop's article one Line or Two? since it illustrates by a practical example the problem of choosing the most suitable line in regression analysis. It also illustrates the treatment of heterogeneous data. Mr. Spendley describes how corresponding readings of gas flow measured by two types of flowmeter were used to obtain a calibration curve for one of the types and to estimate the errors involved in using this curve.


Anisotropy of magnetotransport properties of GaMnAs epitaxial layers in ferromagnetic state has been investigated as a function of temperature. The anisotropy of negative magnetoresistance that is not related to uniaxial anisotropy and hard axis orientation has been observed. This anisotropy may be result of arising of spatially oriented structures in the GaMnAs layer during its growth.


Little data exist about the relationship between changes in cardiac end-diastolk pressure and changes in pulmonary blood volume. To assess this relationship, we studied 11 patients with coronary heart disease during atrial pacing in an attempt to produce multiple pressure-volume points. During catheterization, we obtained Millar pressure recordings of end-diastolic pressure along with equilibrium radionuclide angiograms. Cardiac output, ejection fraction, and pulmonary blood volume were obtained by means of recently validated radionuclide techniques. During pacing, substantial changes in pulmonary blood volume occurred only with marked increase in end-diastolic pressure volume (2 15 mm Hg) and rarely exceeded 15% of control pulmonary blood volume. Cardiac output did not change, while ejection fraction declined during pacing. There was a fair correlation between the absolute change in pulmonary activity (or pulmonary blood volume) or the percentage of change in pulmonary activity over the control value with end-diastolic pressure when all the data points were evaluated (n = 74,


MOTIVATION
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) plays a key post-transcriptional regulatory role in mRNA stability and functions in eukaryotes. Single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) is a powerful tool to discover cellular heterogeneity at gene expression level. Given 3' enriched strategy in library construction, the most commonly used scRNA-seq protocol-10× Genomics enables us to improve the study resolution of APA to the single cell level. However, currently there is no computational tool available for investigating APA profiles from scRNA-seq data.

RESULTS
Here, we present a package scDAPA for detecting and visualizing dynamic APA from scRNA-seq data. Taking bam/sam files and cell cluster labels as inputs, scDAPA detects APA dynamics using a histogram-based method and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and visualizes candidate genes with dynamic APA. Benchmarking results demonstrated that scDAPA can effectively identify genes with dynamic APA among different cell groups from scRNA-seq data.

AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION
The scDAPA package is implemented in Shell and R, and is freely available at https://scdapa.sourceforge.io.

CONTACT
firstname.lastname@example.com.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.


This document deals with the financial analysis of the company as a basis for assessing credit eligibility. In the theoretical part of this work are presented the theoretical knowledge of the financial analysis firm based on the literature consulted. In practical calculations are carried out basic indicators of financial analysis in XY, Ltd., and then calculated the parameters analyzed. In conclusion, this work is evaluated by the credit eligibility of the firm and the proposed solutions of the problems encountered.


Researchers made a high-efficiency single-photon detector on an integrated circuit with a quantum optical source.Researchers made a high-efficiency single-photon detector on an integrated circuit with a quantum optical source.


In this work, we present a simple interpolation methodology for spectroscopic time series, based on conventional interpolation techniques (random forests) implemented in widely-available libraries. We demonstrate that our existing library of simulations is sufficient for training, producing interpolated spectra that respond sensitively to varied ejecta parameter, post-merger time, and viewing angle inputs. We compare our interpolated spectra to the AT2017gfo spectral data, and find parameters similar to our previous inferences using broadband light curves. However, the spectral observations have significant systematic short-wavelength residuals relative to our models, which we cannot explain within our existing framework. Similar to previous studies, we argue that an additional blue component is required. We consider a radioactive heating source as a third component characterized by light, slow-moving, lanthanide-free ejecta with $M_{\rm th} = 0.003~M_\odot$, $v_{\rm th} = 0.05$c, and $\kappa_{\rm th} = 1$ cm$^2$/g. When included as part of our radiative transfer simulations, our choice of third component reprocesses blue photons into lower energies, having the opposite effect and further accentuating the blue-underluminosity disparity in our simulations. As such, we are unable to overcome short-wavelength deficits at later times using an additional radioactive heating component, indicating the need for a more sophisticated modeling treatment.


We show that NSOP$_{1}$ theories are exactly the theories in which Kim-independence satisfies a form of local character. In particular, we show that if $T$ is NSOP$_{1}$, $M\models T$, and $p$ is a type over $M$, then the collection of elementary substructures of size $\left|T\right|$ over which $p$ does not Kim-fork is a club of $\left[M\right]^{\left|T\right|}$ and that this characterizes NSOP$_{1}$.
We also present a new phenomenon we call dual local-character for Kim-independence in NSOP$_{1}$-theories.


H2H Strategies Associated with Reduced Heart Failure Readmission Rates in Georgia Hospitals by Carisa Antoinette Sellers MSW, Clark Atlanta University, 2000 BS, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1998 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Health Care Administration Walden University December 2015 Abstract Reducing heart failure risk standardized readmissions rates (RSRRs) continues to be a challenge in the United States. Among Medicare beneficiaries, the U.S. national rate for heart failure RSRRs is 23, and Georgia only has 3 hospitals with heart failure RSRRs that are better than the national rate. The hospital component of the chronic care model (CCM) was the theoretical framework used in this study because the model was designed to assist heath care organizations in improving chronic care outcomes. Researchers have indicated that the Hospital to Home Initiative (H2H), a national quality improvement campaign launched in 2009, is effective in reducing RSSRs. However, very little research has been conducted to determine which specific H2H strategies and categories of strategies are associated with reducing heart failure RSRRs in Georgia. The purpose of this nonexperimental, cross-sectional quantitative research study was to address this gap. The H2H Survey used in this study is a valid instrument that was previously used in a national study. Surveys were sent to 35 hospitals in Georgia participating in the H2H. A series of one-way ANOVAs were used to test the hypotheses. Key findings were as follows: (a) heart failure RSRRs were reduced when hospitals implemented the H2H, (b) the number of implemented H2H strategies was associated with a reduction in heart failure RSRRs, and (c) categories of strategies were associated with a reduction in heart failure RSRRs. These findings can be used for promoting positive social change because hospital administrators can implement changes using effective strategies to reduce both heart failure RSRRs and government penalties associated with these readmissions.Reducing heart failure risk standardized readmissions rates (RSRRs) continues to be a challenge in the United States. Among Medicare beneficiaries, the U.S. national rate for heart failure RSRRs is 23, and Georgia only has 3 hospitals with heart failure RSRRs that are better than the national rate. The hospital component of the chronic care model (CCM) was the theoretical framework used in this study because the model was designed to assist heath care organizations in improving chronic care outcomes. Researchers have indicated that the Hospital to Home Initiative (H2H), a national quality improvement campaign launched in 2009, is effective in reducing RSSRs. However, very little research has been conducted to determine which specific H2H strategies and categories of strategies are associated with reducing heart failure RSRRs in Georgia. The purpose of this nonexperimental, cross-sectional quantitative research study was to address this gap. The H2H Survey used in this study is a valid instrument that was previously used in a national study. Surveys were sent to 35 hospitals in Georgia participating in the H2H. A series of one-way ANOVAs were used to test the hypotheses. Key findings were as follows: (a) heart failure RSRRs were reduced when hospitals implemented the H2H, (b) the number of implemented H2H strategies was associated with a reduction in heart failure RSRRs, and (c) categories of strategies were associated with a reduction in heart failure RSRRs. These findings can be used for promoting positive social change because hospital administrators can implement changes using effective strategies to reduce both heart failure RSRRs and government penalties associated with these readmissions. Dedication Most importantly I would like to thank God for blessing me with wisdom, patience, health, and energy to complete my dissertation. Thank you for providing me with the strength to keep pushing forward despite many obstacles. I would like to thank my wonderful parents, Georgia and Preston, for constantly supporting me throughout all of my personal and academic endeavors. I would like to thank my dear friend, Falecia, for supporting me during the most difficult times. Thank you to all of my family and friends for your encouragement. Acknowledgments I would like to sincerely thank Dr. Ronald Bucci, Dr. David Segal, Dr. Stephen Bowman, and Dr. Tammy Quest for their support and guidance throughout my dissertation journey. I certainly appreciate their time, energy, and commitment. Table of


The world is experiencing large-scale social and behavioral changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. These changes have the potential to cause a fundamental and profound shift in the way we co...


Elevated levels of platelet-associated lgG (PAIgG) found by direct assay in patients with immune thrombocytopenia, may in part reflect passive absorption of lgG to megathrombocytes present in increased proportions in thrombocytopenia caused by increased platelet destruction. Using a direct assay for PAIgG based on the inhibition of lysis of IgG-coated sheep red blood cells, we correlated these levels with two platelet volume parameters, median platelet volume and percentage megathrombocytes, using a Coulter Channelyzer. The mean PAIgG was 4.7 fg lgG/platelet in 30 controls, 6.6 fg lgG/platelet in 15 patients with nonimmune thrombocytopenia, and 41.6 fg lgG/platelet in 32 patients with immune thrombocytopenia. Only in the Immune thrombocytopenlc patients was there a correlation between platelet count and PAIgG (r = 0.66, p< 0.001); however, there was no correlation between the PAIgG and either of the two parameters of platelet volume. Furthermore, all 4 patients with nonlmmune thrombocytopenia whohad an Increase percentage megathrombocytes (20%-36%) had normal levels of PAIgG. These results indicate that the elevated levels of PAIgG in patients with immune thrombocytopenia is specific for this disorder and not due to passive absorption of lgG to megathrombocytes, whIch are present in increased proportions in these conditions.


Introduction: Hemodynamic derangements due to heart failure are associated with alterations in pharmacokinetics. Although use of mechanical circulatory support mitigates such derangements, little evidence is available regarding pharmacokinetics in patients with LVADs. A previous pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin among patients with LVADs observed a reduced volume of distribution and clearance compared with estimates based on population kinetics. Methods: A total of 28 adult patients with LVADs hospitalized between January 2014 and May 2018 who received vancomycin through a pharmacist dosing consult were included. Internal medicine patients without heart failure receiving vancomycin were enrolled in a 2:1 fashion to make a control group. Exclusion criteria were unstable renal function, ESRD, acute decompensation, cardiac surgery within the preceding 5 days, or weight >110 kg. Results: No difference was observed in the proportion achieving goal trough (64% of LVAD patients vs 71% control patients, p = 0.50). However, mean trough was significantly higher among LVAD patients (23.4 mg/L vs 17.7 mg/L, p = 0.017). Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the distribution of trough levels (p = 0.025) with LVAD patients being more likely to attain levels >25 mg/L (32% vs 14%) and less likely to have troughs <10 mg/L (4% vs 14%). A numerically greater number of LVAD patients experienced nephrotoxicity but this did not reach statistical significance (32% vs 18%, p = 0.14). Conclusion: The use of vancomycin in LVAD patients may result in higher trough levels when compared to internal medicine patients. Increased monitoring or conservative dosing may be warranted to improve safety and efficacy.


Drought and high temperature are among the major factors limiting maize productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. An increase in temperature above 30°C reduces yield by 1% under optimal rain-fed conditions. Approaches that improve performance under drought and high temperatures are essential to sustain productivity. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of improved maize varieties released for lowland areas and to select better-performing varieties to address climate-crosscutting issues. Eight lowland maize varieties at two locations for two years were tested by using a randomized complete block design during the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (

 p
 <
 0.05

 ) between varieties for all the studied variables over years across locations. The interaction of locations with varieties was nonsignificant for grain yield, cob length, and cob number. The mean grain yield indicated that the variety Melkassa-6Q is a high yielder compared to others with 3284 kg grain yield per hectare. This variety had a 35% yield advantage over the check. The variety is, therefore, highly recommended in the study areas.


We present a strategy of focusing light using epsilon-near-zero metamaterials with embedded dielectric cylinder. The focusing mechanism is analytically investigated, and its accuracy is substantiated by rigorous full-wave simulations. It is found that the focusing intensity is highly depend on the embedded medium and its size, and the magnetic field amplitude of the focused beam itself can reach as high as 98.2 times the incident field. Owing to its versatility, the proposed light focusing system is sure to find applications in fields such as bio-sensing and in nonlinear optics.


Trie group of all decomposable 3-braids is trie commutator subgroup of the group /3 of all 3-braids which leave strand positions invariant. The group of all 2-decomposable 4-braids is the commutator subgroup of 74, and the group of all decomposable 4-braids is explicitly characterized as a subgroup of the second commutator subgroup of 74. Introduction. A braid on n strands is called k-decomposable iff whenever k arbitrary strands are removed, the remaining braid on n k strands is deformable into the identity braid. The set of all ^-decomposable «-braids is denoted Dkn, and it shall be the task of this paper to determine Dkn as a subgroup of the braid group Bn in the cases where n = 3, k = 1, and n = 4, k = 1,2. Based upon these cases, a reasonable conjecture is drawn as to the remainder of the Dkn. I wish to thank Professor W. Magnus who posed problems treated in this paper and proved most of Theorem 2. Decomposable 3-braids. We shall confine our attention to the subgroup of the braid group consisting of those braids which leave strand positions invariant. Denote this group by /". Notation. For any elements u, v of a group: / \ —1—1 V —1 (it, v) = u *v uv; u = v luv. For any n elements uv u2, • • • ,un, (Wj, u2, • • • , m") = ( • • • ((wp u2), u3), • • • , un). Received by the editors June 28, 1972. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary SSA25. (!) The results in this paper constituted part of the author's Ph. D. thesis written at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, under the direction of Professor Wilhelm Magnus. The author further wishes to acknowledge and thank the Rutgers University Research Council for having provided funds for the typing of the manuscript of this paper. Copyright © 1975, American Mathematical Society 51 License or copyright restrictions may apply to redistribution; see http://www.ams.org/journal-terms-of-use


Channel estimation is a challenging and timely issue for the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standardized low power wide-area network technology named narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT). Channel estimation is crucial to achieve extended radio coverage, energy efficiency, coherent detection, and channel equalization for signal repetition dominated NB-IoT uplink transmission. The NB-IoT inherits simplified baseband radio frequency processing, physical channels, reference signal structure, and numerology from existing Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems to save power and costs. Thus, channel estimation methods extensively employed in LTE systems may not be applied to the NB-IoT uplink systems. In this paper, efficient discrete cosine transform type-I (DCT-I)-based transform-domain channel estimation approaches are proposed by modifying the original definition of DCT-I. The proposed methods can mitigate the problems experienced in the discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based channel estimation, such as signal aliasing error, and border effect. The proposed approaches improve channel estimation precision by reducing signal distortion from the high-frequency region in the time-domain when non-sample-spaced path delays exist in multipath fading channels. Signal aliasing error experienced from the virtual subcarriers is also minimized with the anticipated schemes. The proposed methods are applied on simple least squares (LS) estimates in time-domain to eliminate estimation noise. The viability of the proposed estimators is verified as compared to the conventional LS, DFT-based de-noising LS, and standard DCT-I based methods through extensive numerical simulations. Based on the numerical simulations, the proposed estimators show better mean square error and bit error rate performances than their competitors in extremely low coverage conditions.


User reviews submitted to app marketplaces contain information that falls into different categories, e.g., feature evaluation, feature request, and bug report. The information is valuable for developers to improve the quality of mobile applications. However, due to the large volume of reviews received every day, manual classification of user reviews into these categories is not feasible. Therefore, developing automatic classification methods using machine learning approaches is desirable. In this study, we compare the simplest textual machine learning classifier using only lexical features—the so-called Bag-of-Words (BoW) approach—with the more complex models used in previous works adopting rich linguistic features. We find that the performance of the simple BoW model is very competitive and has the advantage of not requiring any external linguistic tools to extract the features. Moreover, we experiment with deep learning based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models that have recently achieved state-of-the-art results in many classification tasks. We find that, on average the CNN models do not perform better than the simple BoW model—it is possible that for the CNN model to gain an advantage, a larger training set would have been necessary.


The equilibrium relationships in a ternary system containing (octamethyl, octaazapentacyclo, octatriaconta, nonaene-κ 4 N) cobalt (II) chloride (abbreviated as [Co II MeVD]Cl 2 ), 4-(hydroxymethyl) pyridine (4-HOCH 2 py), and dioxygen in water have been examined. A double-titration method was devised by quantifying the concept of an effective equilibrium constant and resolving it into the underlying fundamental equilibrium constants


Metabolically obese normal weight (MONW) individuals are subjects who have a normal body mass index (BMI), but manifest obesity-related metabolic syndrome (MetS). Nevertheless, the prevalence and correlation between MONW and dietary patterns have not been fully explored in Thais. This study aimed to investigate the national prevalence of MONW, determine which dietary patterns are consumed in Thai normal-weight adults and to identify whether those patterns were associated with the risk of MetS and its features.

 Total 6899 Thais ≥18 years with normal BMI (18.5–22.9 kg/m2) were obtained from the Thai National Health Examination Survey IV. Sociodemographic, eating-habits, anthropometric, blood pressure and biochemical parameters were measured. MONW was diagnosed by the National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III within normal BMI. Dietary patterns were determined by means of factor analysis, and were evaluated by multiple logistic regressions for its association with MONW.

 Overall, the weighted prevalence of MONW was 9.9% (95% CI: 9.1–10.6%), particularly, the MONW prevalence was 7.2% (95% CI: 6.5–8.0%) and 13.1% (95% CI: 11.6–14.7%) in male and female respectively. Three major dietary patterns were distinguished: "westernized", "healthy" and "carbohydrate" patterns. After controlling for potential confounders, compared with the lowest quartile, individuals in the highest quartile of the westernized and carbohydrate pattern were connected with the greater risk of MONW (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.25–2.17, P < 0.001) and (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.19–2.08, P < 0.05) respectively, whereas subjects in the fourth quartile of healthy pattern reduce the risk of MONW and its components, except for elevated blood pressure and hyperglycemia (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.50–0.92 for MONW, P < 0.05; OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.28–0.68 for abdominal obesity, P < 0.001; OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.49–0.81 for hypertriglyceridemia, P < 0.001; OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.54–0.82 for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], P < 0.01).

 In Thai normal-weight adults, high consumption of whole grains, fruits, beans, juices, and dairy products is connected with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome and its features, i.e., lower risk of abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-C.

 This research received no funding.


The formation of a qualitative peer review system in a scientific journal is one of the core problems experienced by many editorial boards. The lack of formal experience and institutional framework greatly complicates the solution of this problem in Russian journals. The author presents some recommendations for improving the manuscripts assessment effectiveness taking into account international principles and experience of Russian journals.


Topics covered include an evaluation of the navigational requirements of some marine operations, e.g., marine transport, geophysical surveys, and drill rig positioning; the configuration, signal structure, and accuracy of the Global Positioning System; a review of the development of the Transit Satellite Navigation System; and a survey of the components and capabilities of various integrated navigation systems.


Introduction: the Constitution of the Russian Federation has proclaimed the right of everyone to freely determine and indicate their nationality as a reflection of the result of self-identification, commitment of the individual to certain language, culture, customs and traditions of the nations and nationalities living within the territory of the state. Purpose: to study the mechanism of implementation of this constitutional right, to determine the possibilities of individual and group ethnic identification of citizens of the Russian Federation, to determine the directions for improving the legal regulation in this area. Methods: during the research, both general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition have been widely used. The achievement of the goal set in the work, to a greater extent, has become possible thanks to the use of formal-logical and comparative-legal methods, as well as the method of generalization of legal doctrines in combination with a systematic analysis of the legislation. Results: the author comes to the conclusion that the norms of the current legislation do not allow to formalize the result of the ethnic self-identification of the individual. The official documents, which nevertheless contain an indication of the nationality of a person, allow talking about the secondary and static nature of the mechanism for the implementation of the right in question, since they are not aimed at fixing exactly the nationality, and also do not provide for the possibility of their re-registration due to the changes in ethnic preferences. The considered collective forms of national and cultural self-determination allow making an assumption about the need to prove belonging to certain ethnic communities, which in itself connects the process of identifying citizens not with their own will, but with the presence or absence of legal facts determined by the legislator. Conclusions: the activity of using the studied constitutional law is seen by the author in the legal regulation and practical implementation of the possibility of specifying the nationality in the main document certifying the identity of a citizen of the Russian Federation. Based on the conducted research, the proposals have been made to improve the mechanism of the legal regulation of the studied sphere of public relations.


Jean Bethke's Elshtain's Just War Against Terror provoked a heated response upon its publication in 2003. The book aroused controversy by the manner in which it drew upon Augustinian just war thought as a source of support for the US-led `War on Terror'. Many scholars were especially aggrieved by Professor Elshtain's backing for the Bush administration and, in the later 2004 edition, the invasion of Iraq. This article questions the tension between Professor Elshtain's Augustinian political theology and her willingness to countenance a far-reaching jus ad bellum which would allow powerful states like the US greater licence to wage humanitarian wars. By way of conclusion, a critique of Professor Elshtain's conception of the just war tradition is offered.


There were three components on a hypothetical learning trajectory (HLT) developed in this paper, namely: (1) the learning goal, (2) the learning activities, and (3) the way of students' thinking and learning. A learning trajectory based instruction (LTBI) was defined as a teaching and learning trajectory using HLT for instructional decisions. In this paper, the researcher will present a LTBI using Realistic Mathematics Education approach which helps mathematics education students following the Probabilistic Theory course to construct (1) the addition rule, and (2) the multiplication rule. The type of the research was the design research developed by Gravemeijer and Cobb. There were three phases in the research development, namely (1) the design preparation, (2) the design trial, and (3) the retrospective analysis. The researcher exposure in this paper was limited to the first stage of the design research developed by Gravemeijer and Cobb. As the products developed in this paper was limited to LTBI, so to construct a local instructional theory (LIT) for the sum and multiplication rules, the researcher needs to implement this LTBI in the classroom learning process.


GASTROENTEROSTOMY in the treatment of intractable duodenal ulcer has had a varied career. Its initial popularity was gradually dissipated when the true incidence of its complications was demonstrated and subtotal gastric resection became the operation of choice for the majority of these patients. The pendulum now swings back with gastroenterostomy being advocated as an adjunct to vagotomy in those cases in which some degree of pyloric obstruction exists preoperatively (Dragstedt 1 ). It is to be expected that the incidence of gastrojejunal ulcer will prove to be negligible due to the low levels of gastric acidity produced by the associated vagotomy. Whether difficulties in motility and gastric emptying will lower the efficiency of this combined procedure only follow-up studies can determine. There is, however, a type of patient in whom gastroenterostomy in itself has always yielded good results, in whom vagotomy is not required and in whom subtotal gastric resection is


The approached subject presents some features of a methodology for original research, considering the environmental performance as a component of the organizations management performance quantification, by considering the environmental management approach as an integrated environmental informational and decisional concept. The current trend in the assessment of performance management is the integration of the environmental management in the organizations management in a conscious and regulated way, by developing an indicator system monitored at level of decisionmaking centers. The responsibility for environmental problems is allotted to each decision center of the organization in relation to the involvement in the process of the achievement of environmental performance. The research objectives addressed in the paper address the following aspects: identification, monitoring and mitigation of the environmental issues in order to achieve an integrated performance management; ensuring the awareness related to the environmental impacts on management quality; analyzing and quantifying of the environmental performance by means of a system of relevant indicators in relation to the organization technological, economic and managerial particular aspects. The adopted research method has been designed on interest sequences in order to address the environmental performance, according to an integrated environmental management. The research methodological structure is based on a Simulated Research Plan that includes the following steps: determining the awareness degree and monitoring the environmental issues within the organization; designing a system of environmental performance indicators; designing the monitoring indicators system and the one for the information flow as regards the environmental performance.


The invention relates to a method for production of ethylene through selective hydrogenation of acetylene, wherein the method includes the steps: allowing acetylene dissolved in a solvent to enter a selective hydrogenation reactor in a liquid state, under a condition of selective hydrogenation, making acetylene contact with hydrogen gas and an acetylene selective hydrogenation catalyst, carrying out selective hydrogenation of acetylene, and converting into ethylene, wherein the solvent contains one or more of C4-C9 alkane, C4-C9 monoolefin, C4-C9 cycloolefin and C6-C8 aromatic hydrocarbons. The method for production of ethylene through selective hydrogenation of acetylene can effectively improve the selectivity of the catalyst and prolongs the service life of the catalyst while ensuring the acetylene conversion rate.


This paper presents a fuzzy multicriteria decision-making within ArcGIS applied in remote Areas, for the selection of suitable areas for photovoltaic pumping plants in Ghardaïa (southern Algeria). In this work we propose to use a combination of FAHP (fuzzy Analytic hierarchy process) approach usually used to determine the fuzzy normalized weights and ArcMap. Its importance is paramount in the site selection process using GIS environment. We have analyzed six criteria in the process, including sunshine, altitude, the water's areas and lines, ground water, vegetal cover and finally the remoteness from road. It results a useful suitability map to identify the most appropriate areas for photovoltaic water pumping facilities.


Extraversion correlated —.15 with both grades and class attendance of 216 introductory psychology students. These findings were hypothesized and are congruent with Eysenck's theory of personality. Otis scores also correlated — .23 with extraversion. This correlation contrasts with no relationship between intelligence and extraversion usually reported. The discrepancy seems related to the type of intelligence test employed.


This Article is brought to you for free and open access by TU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Tulsa Law Review by an authorized editor of TU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact email@example.com. Recommended Citation William H. Crabtree, The Antitrust Exemption of Labor Unions Considered in Conjunction with Unfair Labor Practices Which Restrain Interstate Commerce, 2 Tulsa L. J. 32 (2013).


The experimental study presented in this paper explores the distribution of the mean velocities for a channel receiving spatially varied (SV) inflow from directly above the centerline of the channel via sets of nozzles. The velocity components u , v , and w have been measured using a laser Doppler velocimeter. Initially the validity of the law of the wall in the channel receiving SV inflow was investigated. It was found that the measured velocity profile within the inertial sublayer region near the channel bed falls below the line representing the log law. Further, if the SV inflow enters at the center of the channel, the degree that the data depart from the log law increases from the sidewall toward the center of the channel. The structures of the velocity distributions are also presented in detail. The results include both near field, that is the area close to where the flow enters the channel, and far field measurements. It was found that the influence of the SV inflow on velocity profiles is largely c...


showed a large percentage of samples analyzed by North American commercial and public soil testing laboratories indicated a need to increase fertilizer applications of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) to maintain productivity. See Figure 1 and Figure 2. Changes in optimum crop rotation have resulted in accelerated removal of nutrients from the soil, with no compensatory changes in fertilizer application.


The existence of medullary vesico-motor centers was first demonstrated by Kuru and Ozaki (12). These centers are composed of two antagonistic areas, the vesico-constrictor and the vesico-relaxer area (Tokunaga and Kuru (13) ). Centripetal impulses of the micturition reflex are supposed to be transmitted by the pelvic sensory vagus and the sacro-bulbar tract (Kuru ( 6, 7) ) to these centers. Centrifugal impulses arising from the vesico-constrictor area were shown to be transmitted down to the sacral division of the cord by fibers in the lateral reticulo-spinal tract (Kuru, Kurati and Koyoma (10) ). Centrifugal impulses arising from the vesico-relaxer area were shown to be mediated by fibers in the ventral reticulo-spinal tract (Kuru, Koyama and Kurati (11 )). In the present study, an electrode was inserted into either the vesicoconstrictor or the vesico-relaxer area to record responses caused by changes in intravesical pressure. Some of the results are reported here.


In this special issue of Journal of Critical Realism (JCR), I am delighted to present a wideranging collection of papers by imminent critical realists on the subject of normativity. Also included in the collection is a paper by Zachary Wehrwein, an American Pragmatist, who has joined the lively response to Dave Elder-Vass's argument against moral realism. The topic of normativity was chosen because of its role in questions about the future of humanity, possibly influencing whether the human species will survive at all. For instance, without normative acknowledgement of the anthropogenic causes of climate change, it is difficult to take action to reduce carbon emissions. Although Roy Bhaskar's original objective for critical realism was to revindicate ontology, in 2007, he issued a corrective to this, and stated that it is also necessary to consider ontology from the point of view of living in a better world; and that this requires epistemology, since we need to find out what would be necessary to achieve such progress. He therefore argued for an ontology that includes the normative call for social justice. He stated:


Neurotrophic factors and their receptors are crucial for the formation of neuronal connections and for the neuronal survival during embryonic development of the nervous system. This has particularly been shown by studies of the PNS. The work of this thesis has aimed at clarifying where and when in the developing retina and its tectal target (as parts of the CNS), certain neurotrophic factors come into play. In a functional perspective, the focus has been on the possible involvement of these factors in the regulation of cell death / survival. Therefore, naturally occuring cell death in the developing avian retina was first studied. From the results, it is concluded that there is an early and a late phase of cell death in the developing retina. The cells dying during the early phase are proliferating retinal precursor cells, and the cells dying later are in the process of terminal differentiation. The timing and distribution of the dying cells suggest that the cell death is regulated. During retinal development two retinal cell types, amacrine cells and horizontal cells, express TrkA, a receptor for the neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF). These amacrine cells are shown to undergo cell death during the late cell death phase, but can be rescued by exogenous NGF. The horizontal cells in turn, are supported by NGF in an autocrine manner, and therefore survive. Two other neurotrophic factors brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are both expressed in the retina and in the target for retinal ganglion cells, the optic tectum. By the results, it is concluded that neuronal activity can regulate the expression of BDNF in the retina and optic tectum. Furthermore, GDNF can stimulate neurite outgrowth from retinal explants of a certain age. Taken together, the main result of this thesis is that neurotrophic factors indeed can work as autocrine survival factors in the developing CNS.


A colour printer calibration method based on gamut division algorithms is proposed in this paper, with the main task of converting colours from CIELab coordinates to CMYK space. The printer 3D gamut is firstly divided into seven subgamuts according to the K values of sample data, and then the subgamuts, which enclose the given point in CIELab space, are found. Because the K value stays the same for all sample colours of the determined subgamuts, a polynomial regression method is employed to convert the colours from CIELab space to CMY. Finally, by using black generation coefficients, the complete CMYKs are obtained according to the image characteristics. In experiments, for 256 test colours, the mean colour error of our algorithm, measured as , is 1.45, which is acceptable for most printing products. Furthermore, the errors are less than those in both Neugebauer equations and the neural network method. These positive features suggest that the precision of our method is acceptable.


An investigation was conducted to evaluate the northeastern portion of Volusia County, Florida for sites suitable for the disposal of solid waste. High altitude color infrared photography and LANDSAT imagery were used in the analysis along with available sources of supplemental data. The IMAGE 100 system was used in a supervised training mode to develop land cover classification categories. These categories depicted geological conditions related to the potential for surface and subsurface movement of leachates or contamination of the Floridan aquifer. Procedures for basic analysis of LANDSAT imagery is presented in detail. Air photo interpretation of the color infrared photography provided more detail than obtained from the analysis of LANDSAT imagery. Major structural lineaments and depositional features were more easily identified in the satellite imagery. The results of the study indicated that both forms of imagery were useful, but supplemental data was necessary to adequately evaluate the terrain and to make recommendations for selection of suitable sanitary landfill sites.


Horty, Rigoni and Prakken have developed formal characterisations of precedential constraint based on dimensions and factors as introduced in HYPO and CATO. We discuss the relation between dimensions and factors and also describe the current models of precedential constraint based on factors, along with some criticisms of them. We argue that problems arise from ignoring the structure of legal cases that is provided by the notion of issues, and that seeing precedential constraint in terms of issues rather than whole cases provides a more effective approach and better reflects legal practice. The advantages of the issue based approach are illustrated with a concrete example. We then discuss how dimensions should be accommodated, suggesting that this is best done by seeing reasoning with legal cases as a two stage process: first factors are ascribed to cases and then factor based reasoning can be used to arrive at a decision. Thus precedential constraint can be described in terms of factors, dimensions being handled at the first stage. Both stages are constrained, in different ways, by precedents: we identify three types of precedent: framework precedents which structure cases into issues, preference precedents which resolve conflicts between opposing sets of factors within these issues, and ascription precedents which constrain the mapping from facts to factors.


A new method to design active power-factor-corrector for high-power applications is introduced in this paper. It consist in using the high input impedance of Active Clamp boost converters in order to make easier the parallel connection of power stages. Experimental results are presented, taken form a three stages laboratory prototype rated at 0.35×3 kW, input ac voltage of 230Vrms, output voltage of 400V, and 120 kHz switching operation. Due to the simplicity of the current share technique, the control can be done using analog control based on the Unitrode's UC3854 strategy.


The invention discloses a kind of high heat-resisting low-smoke flame-proof ABS materials, are that 58~80% ABS resin, 8%~20% bromide fire retardant, 3%~10% antimony based flame retardant, 1 2% composite smoke-less agent, 1%~5% inorganic fire-retarded synergist, 0.1~1.0% anti-dripping agent and 1%~5% other processing aids form by mass percent.The present invention also provides the preparation methods of the above-mentioned heat-resisting low-smoke flame-proof ABS material of height.The present invention is using ABS resin as matrix, by fire retardant, ingenious combination between antismoke agent and special processing aid, to prepare with low cigarette high-performance flame-resistant ABS material.The present invention can be widely used in communications industry, automobile industry, construction material, ornament materials, cable and electrical apparatus industry.


Introduction The highest incidence of recurrent shoulder instability is in young patients, surgical repair can reduce recurrent instability and improve shoulder function. This has led to an increasing rate of stabilisation and use of MRI to identify associated injuries in first time dislocations. MRA has the benefit of distending the joint and is becoming increasingly used. The aim of this study is to establish the sensitivity and specificity of MRA in the investigation of patients with traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing both magnetic resonance arthrography and arthroscopy after a traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation between January 2011 and 2014. Images were interpreted by eight musculoskeletal radiologists and arthroscopic findings were obtained from surgical notes and used as a reference. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value for the different injuries were calculated. Results 60 patients were reviewed; 88% were male, mean age was 28 years (range 18 to 50) and 27% were primary dislocations. The overall sensitivity and specificity of MRA to all associated injuries was 0.9 (CI 0.83–0.95) and 0.94 (CI 0.9–0.96) retrospectively. The lowest sensitivity was seen in osseous Bankart 0.8 (CI 0.44–0.96) and SLAP lesions 0.5 (CI 0.14–0.86). Conclusion MRA has a high sensitivity when used to identify associated injuries in shoulder dislocation although in 8 patients (13%) arthroscopy identified an additional injury. The overall agreement between MRA and arthroscopic findings was good but identification of GHL and rotator cuff injuries was poor. Level of Evidence IV Conflict of Interests The authors confirm that they have no relevant financial disclosures or conflicts of interest. Ethical approval was not sought as this was a systematic review.


This article is taken from a small section of the dissertation research, about development of a model program to improve the competence of transmigrantion community through the pottential environment based training. This paper will only present a small description of the research, that is concerning misconceptions of the workers / builders as a research subject, the technical knowledge to build earthquake-resistant housing construction. Research done by a "Research Development." The results obtained from the implementation of pilot training model, with the aim of knowing implementing and functioning of the learning program in training of on the construction of earthquake resistant.


Preface Acknowledgements Part 1: Comic Alphabets 1. The Origin of Comic Alphabets 2. Victoriana 3. Ribaldry- A Brief Note 4. Exortica Part 2: The Comic Phonetic Alphabet 5. Before Clapham and Dwyer 6. The Age of Clapham and Dwyer 7. After Clapham and Dwyer 8. Geographical Distribution 9. Linguistic and Social Stratification 10. Variants 11. The Comic Phonetic Alphabet as a Game Index of Subjects and Authors


This paper is focused on the micromagnetic simulation study about the orientation dependence of grain boundary properties on the coercivity of polycrystalline Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets. A multigrain object with a large number of meshes is introduced to analyze such anisotropic grain boundaries and the simulation is performed by combining the finite element method and the parallel computing. When the grain boundary phase parallel to the c-plane is less ferromagnetic the process of the magnetization reversal changes and the coercivity of the multigrain object increases. The simulations with various magnetic properties of the grain boundary phases are executed to search for the way to enhance the coercivity of polycrystalline Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets.


As noted first by Sunyaev & Churazov, the 3.071 mm hyperfine line from 57Fe+23 might be observable in astrophysical plasmas. We assess the atomic processes that might contribute to the excitation of this line. The distorted wave approximation was used to compute the direct electron collision strength between the two hyperfine sublevels of the ground configuration; it was found to be small. Proton collisional excitation was calculated and found to be negligible. We determine the rate of line excitation by electron collisional excitation of more highly excited levels, followed by radiative cascades. The branching ratios for hyperfine sublevels for allowed radiative decays and electron collisional excitation or deexcitation are derived. We show that the dominant line excitation process is electron collisional excitation of the 2p levels followed by radiative decay, as first suggested by Sunyaev & Churazov. We calculate an effective collision strength for excitation of the hyperfine line, including all of these effects and correcting for resonances. Because the hyperfine line is near the peak in the cosmic microwave background radiation spectrum, induced radiative processes are also very important. The effect of background radiation on the level populations and line excitation is determined. We determine the intensity of the hyperfine line from an isothermal, coronal plasma in collisional ionization equilibrium. Because of the variation in the ionization fraction of Fe+23, the emissivity peaks at a temperature of about 1.8 × 107 K. We have also derived the hyperfine line luminosity emitted by a coronal plasma cooling isobarically by its own radiation. Comparisons of the hyperfine line to other lines emitted by the same ion, Fe+23, are shown to be useful for deriving the isotopic fraction of 57Fe. We calculate the ratios of the hyperfine line to the 2s-2p EUV lines at 192 Å and 255 Å and the 2s-3p X-ray doublet at 10.6 Å.


The surrogate ratio method was used to convert experimentally determined relative {gamma}-decay probabilities for excited {sup 171}Yb and {sup 161}Dy nuclei, populated using ({sup 3}He, {sup 3}He{sup '}) and ({sup 3}He, {alpha}) reactions, into neutron-induced {gamma}-decay cross sections in an equivalent neutron energy range of 165-465 keV. The relative {gamma}-decay probabilities were measured using the CACTUS array at the Oslo Cyclotron Laboratory and were found to agree with the ratio of neutron-induced {gamma}-decay cross sections for the same compound nuclei over the range of excitation energies measured. No significant entrance-channel effects on the extracted (n,{gamma}) cross sections were observed. The cross sections obtained using the surrogate ratio method were compared to directly measured neutron-capture cross sections and found to agree within the total estimated uncertainty over the range of equivalent neutron energies measured.


Plume impingement from chemical and cold gas thrusters aboard space vehicles is an important phenomenon to reckon with, as the generally adverse impingement effects,
such as contamination, forces and moments, as well as heat loads, can jeopardize the spacecraft's mission by shortening it's life time (excessive fuel consumption due to compensating unanticipated moments) or even rendering critical instrumentation useless, e. g. because of contamination of optical surfaces. Accounting for the effects of plume impingement in an early phase of mission and vehicle design is thus desirable, as it reduces the risk of economic or technical failure.


Results of radionuclide analysis in common reptiles species collected on two radioactive contaminated territories in Russia are presented. It is shown that they adequately accumulate radioactive pollutants including trace ones and so could be effectively used for biomonitoring objectives.


In historiography of the socialist-revolutionary party the peasantry and land-socialization issues were mainly in the center of attention, whereas the workforce and factory and plant-socialization issues escaped their consideration. The deviation from the initially declared principles of democracy led to the «centralization oriented program», that is, the solution of the «workforce» issue was associated with the state authority to grant rights rather than the self-organization of the industrial proletariat.


2Kembata-Tembaro zone, Deyogena Woreda Agricultural Office, Ethiopia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of partial substitution of roasted soybean seed (RSS) with sweet potato leaf meal (SPLM) on growth performances of broiler chickens. Two hundred unsexed Cobb-500 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments consisting of a control diet (T1) and those containing SPLM at the levels of 30 g/kg (T2), 60 g/kg (T3), 90 g/kg (T4) and 120 g/kg (T5) replacing the RSS of the control diet. Each treatment diet was replicated four times with ten chicks each. The average feed intake of birds was (P<0.05) higher in chickens reared in T1 than those of other treatments. The average individual final body weight was higher (P<0.05) in chickens fed with T1 (1536g) than those of T2 (1412g), T4 (1426g) and T5 (1400g) diets. The average individual daily weight gain was higher (P<0.05) in chickens fed with T1 (31.7g), than those of T2 (28.7g), T4 (28.9g) and T5 (28.5g). The daily gain did not vary between T1 and T3 (30.3g). Chickens fed with T3 and T4 diets had (P<0.05) higher CP retention than those of T1 diet. In conclusion, chickens fed with T1 and T3 diets had better body weight and gain compared to other treatment diets. The feed intake decreased with increasing levels of SPLM suggesting the substitution of roasted soybean with higher levels may not be beneficial for broiler chickens.