Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to determine the effects of flooding and Phytophthora root rot (caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi) on photosynthetic characteristics of seedling and grafted avocado (Persea americana). Although this disease and flooding individually reduced several different physiological parameters (net CO2 assimilation, transpiration, and stomatal conductance for CO2) when compared to nonflooded, nondiseased controls, these reductions were not always significant. However, reductions in these parameters were always highly significant when plants with root rot were flooded. The combined effects of roct rot and flooding were synergistic and resulted in defoliation and death of plants. When different levels of the pathogen were used to infest soil, disease severity (percent root necrosis) was negatively correlated with the physiological parameters tested, regardless of whether or not plants were flooded. Flooded plants generally stopped assimilating CO2 after root necrosis exceeded 15%. In contrast, nonflooded plants continued to assimilate CO2, even when root necrosis approached 90%. Although CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, and transpiration were reduced in these plants, they did not die during the course of this work. However, they exhibited foliar chlorosis, and in extreme cases became partially defoliated. It is suggested that previous damage in south Florida avocado groves which was associated with flooding was due to the interaction of flooding with Phytophthora root rot. High water tables are found in most areas of Dade County, Florida where subtropical and tropical fruit are grown. Depending on rainfall patterns and the location of a given field, water tables may range to within less than a meter of the soil surface during a given year (20, 24). The close proximity of saturated soil to root systems of some of these fruit crops is a liability due to the increased potential for flooding. Seasonal flooding in Dade County was common before urban development and the excavation of drainage canals in the area (17). Due to the extensive system of canals which now drains Dade County, flooding is less frequent and generally restricted to periods of excessive rainfall associated with hurricanes and tropical storms. For example, extensive and prolonged flooding occurred during and after tropical storm Dennis in 1981. Water remained above the soil surface in some areas for as long as 5-7 days after this storm, and as a result, certain crops such as avocado (Persea Americana Mill.), mamey zapote (Pouteria sapota [Jacq.] H. E. Moore & Stern), and papaya (Carica papaya L.) were severely affected (C. W. Campbell, personal communication). Flood tolerance varies widely among plant species (15). While some plants may tolerate almost continuous flooding, others die within a relatively short time (12). Ruehle (24) suggested that avocado was naturally intolerant of flooding. Phytophthora root rot is an important problem in most areas in which avocado is grown. This disease is incited by Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, and causes substantial damage in the Eastern (6, 21) and Western (5, 27, 31, 33) Hemispheres. Root rot is most severe in water logged or poorly drained soil (5, 33). In California, healthy avocados withstood flooding for 9 days with no apparent ill effect, while avocados infected with P. cinnamomi died when flooded for 2 or more days (32, 35). Similar work has not been conducted in the calcareous soils (Rockdale and less frequently Rockland) found in avocado production areas in Bade County. The stomatal behavior of plants is frequently changed by disease (1, 2). Although Davison and Tay (7) and Duniway (9) detected no differences in stomatal conductance between infected and noninfected plants in the P. cinnamomi/jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Sm.) and P. cryptogea Pethy. & Laff. /safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) pathosystems, respectively, others have reported altered stomatal conductance or transpiration due to disease (1,2, 11, 28). For example, Farrell et al.(11) noted increased transpiration in potato (Solarium tuberosum L.) due to infection by P. infestans (Mont.) de Bary, while Sterne et al. (28) reported decreased transpiration and stomatal conductance in avocados infected with P. cinnamomi. Stomatal closure is also one of the earliest responses of plants to flooding (14). We know of no work reporting transpiration and stomatal conductance of diseased plants which have been flooded. The present studies were initiated to determine the effects of flooding, Phytophthora root rot, and their interactions on transpiration, stomatal conductance, and net CO2 assimilation of avocado grown in Rockdale soil. Portions of this work have been published previously (25). MATERIALS AND METHODS Four studies (experiments 1-4) were conducted in glass greenhouses. Temperature means and ranges for experiments 1-4 were 20.8 and 9-33°C, 26.7 and 13-39°C, 24.5 and 18-30°C, and 28 and 23-33°C, respectively. Plants in all experiments were fertilized weekly with 20-20-20 plus minor elements as seedlings and alternations of 20-20-20 plus minor elements and 12-48-8 plus minor elements every 2-4 weeks after transplanting. Plants were watered about every 3-4 days. Seedlings of 'Lula' and 'Waldin' avocado were used in experiment 1. Both of these cultivars are commonly used as rootstocks in Florida. 'Simmonds' scions grafted onto 'Waldin' rootstocks and 'Simmonds' grafted onto 'Lula' rootstocks were used in experiments 2 and 3, and experiment 4, respectively. At the beginning of each experiment, plants were either transplanted to 15-cm-dia pots containing Promix potting medium (experiment 1) or to 20-cm-dia pots containing Rockdale soil sifted through a 2.5-cm screen (experiments 2-4) amended (infested treatment) or not amended (noninfested treatment) with inoculum. Inoculum consisted of millet seed (experiments 1-3) or white sorghum seed (experiment 4) colonized by a virulent isolate of P. cinnamomi recovered from a declining avocado tree in Dade County; 4.2 g of inoculum was added to each 1 of mix or 0.25 g of inoculum was added to each 1 of soil in infested treatments in experiments 1 and experiments 1 and 3, respectively. Eight levels of inoculum and a noninfested control were used in experiment 4 (Fig. 2). After allowing disease to progress for 3, 6, 10, and 9 wk in experiments 1-4, respectively, infested and noninfested plants were either flooded or not flooded for 5, 14, 9, and 9 da, respectively, before an experiment was terminated. Treatments consisted of six single plant replicates in experiment 1 and four single plant replicates in experiments 2-4 in randomized complete block designs. Photosynthetic determinations. At the end of each experiment, transpiration, stomatal conductance, and net CO2 assimilation were determined for all plants. These determinations were made for the fifth fully expanded leaf from the apex of each plant by enclosing the leaf in a modification of the plexiglass chamber described by Syvertsen and Smith (30). The chamber contained a fan to minimize boundary layer resistance, but the bottom was made of plexiglass instead of copper and heat exchangers were not used. Compressed air was forced through the chamber at a flow rate of 4 liters minTM and relative humidity in the chamber was maintained at 50 ± 5% by mixing dry air with water-saturated air prior to entering the chamber. Light was provided by four, 500-watt, reflector, flood lamps placed above the chamber. The photosynthetic photon flux in the chamber was 900 umols s m as determined with a quantum sensor attached to a LICOR 1000 data logger. A flow-through, plexiglass, water bath was positioned between the lamps and the chamber to absorb infrared radiation and maintain air temperature in the chamber at 31 ± 2°C. Net CO2 assimilation was determined with a Beckman model 865 infrared gas analyzer. Transpiration and stomatal conductance were determined with a General Eastern model 1100 AP dewpoint hygrometer. Calculations for all three parameters were based on those described by Jarvis (13). Disease assays. Disease development was rated at the end of each experiment. Three different disease ratings were recorded for each plant. Disease was rated as the percentage of the total root system of a given plant which was necrotic, the percentage of 18 randomly selected, 1-cmlong, necrotic root segments from each plant from which P. cinnamomi was recovered, and the percent root necrosis due to the fungus (calculated by multiplying percent necrotic root tissue X percent recovery of the fungus). For recovery of P. cinnamomi, root segments were thoroughly washed in tap water, surface-disinfested with 95% ethanol for 30 sec, rinsed in sterile deionized water, blotted dry on sterile paper towels, placed on a selective agar medium (22), and incubated for 3 days at 25°C without light before root segments were observed for growth of P. cinnamomi. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In general, recovery of P. cinnamomi from necrotic roots in these experiments was positively correlated with the percentage of a given root system which was necrotic (Fig. 1). Although all root necrosis observed in the noninfested treatments and some of the necroses observed in the infested treatments were obviously not due to P. cinnamomi, it is assumed that root necrosis observed in the latter treatments resulted primarily from the artificial infestation of soil with this pathogen. Since it is often difficult to recover from parasitized tissue (3, 18), P. cinnamomi may have been responsible for an even larger portion of the root necrosis noted in these studies than data on the recovery of the pathogen might suggest. Also, based on regression analyses, variability in the physiological parameters measured and host growth parameters were more accurately accounted for by percent root necrosis than by percent root necrosis due to P. cinnamomi (25; Schaff er and Ploet


In this article, I examined the role of 'Mandate of Heaven' ideology in the Late Sui peasant rebellion. In the 2 nd chapter, I mainly examined the 楊玄感 Yang-xuan-gan's revolt, and in the 3 rd chapter, 竇建德 Dou-Jian-de's rebellion. At the Late Sui time, most rebellion leaders tried to justify their uprising by arguing the 'Mandate of Heaven' ideology, based on Confucian political thought. Such propaganda influenced the peasant and made the rebel group more strong and solid. If we have bird eye view to the history of chinese peasant movement, we can catch the special feature of late Sui's case. In the late Han, peasant protesters led by religious group leaders, and after the Song dynasty peasant revolt leaders usually raised the economic issues. But in the Sui times, they justified their violence mainly by confucius 'Mandate of Heaven' ideology. That might be resulted from the diffusion of the Confucius political culture to the low class society, which occurred in the long period of division, Wei-Jin-Nan-Bei-Chao dynasty times.


Mao Zedong's Marxist Weltanschauung was formed during the May 4th Movement of 1919. The common idea about Mao Zedong's thinking transformation during that time is that he had already been a Marxian in the winter of 1920. This paper disagrees. After analyzing the historical materials, it points out that Mao Zedong began to accept Marxism during the late of 1920 and the beginning of 1921, and he gradually became a Marxian through organizing the worker's political movement later on. From the subjective idealistic to the establishment of materialist conception of history, Mao Zedong at last discarded the petty bourgeoisie anarchism and the democratic amelioration, and he changed to the proletarian communism. But he didn't know a lot about the materialistic dialectics, it made Mao Zedong's philosophy Weltanschauung be only the primary Marxism.


To the Editor.— The study entitled "The Potent Pressor Effect of Phenylpropanolamine in Patients With Autonomic Impairment" by Biaggioni et al 1 has several serious flaws. First, there is no placebo arm. Before we can accept the authors' conclusion that "phenylpropanolamine [hydrochloride] is a potent pressor agent in patients with impaired autonomic function," we need to ask if a placebo might yield the same result. Reading the "Methods" section, one can picture the 14 study patients with autonomic dysfunction, hooked to monitors in a clinical research center, nervously swallowing pills they are told might raise their blood pressure. Indeed, the principles of informed consent would compel the investigators to disclose even more serious side effects that might occur. Blood pressure is too variable a physiological entity, and placebos too potent, for us to be certain that phenylpropanolamine was the major pressor in this study. Second, the investigators measured only seated


ABSTRACT Research on compressed air engine (CAE) is of great value under the background of energy conservation, emission reduction, and environmental protection in recent years. Compared with traditional internal combustion engine (ICE), four-stroke compressed air engine (F-s CAE) has no combustion and explosion process during operation, and the use and emission of working medium is clean air. Here, to deeply discuss the working performance of the F-s CAE, first, we expound a working principle of the F-s CAE. In addition, we analyze the control strategy of the electronic control unit (ECU) system and carry out a calibration test for the CAE. Meanwhile, we further conduct a feasibility analysis to verify its scientificity as the power of means of transport. In the test process, engine speed, supply pressure, port timing (intake advance angle and intake sustain angle) can directly affect the working performance. Results suggest that the overall effective power and single cylinder compressed air consumption increase with increase in the engine speed, while the average effective torque changes oppositely. Kinetic and dynamic characteristics are much better after supply pressure increased. The dynamic performance improves with the decrease in intake advance angle, but subsequently goes down when the intake advance angle decreases from 10°CA to −90°CA, and the intake advance angle as −70°CA is optimal. Overall, an intake sustain angle of 80°CA is more conducive to improving CAE dynamic performance compared to a relatively small intake sustain angle. The research results will be useful for further design and improvement of the F-s CAE.


Substances glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were evaluated as cryoprotective in the storage of the Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) pupae at low temperatures. It were investigated five concentrations (0.1, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mol.) at -20 oC (freezer) and –196 oC (fase liquid of the liquid nitrogen- LN). Control groups were constituted by non-frozen pupae (fresh) and pupae freezing only with phosfate buffer saline (PBS). Information was obtained about the reproductive performance of Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) matrices reared on these pupae. These analyses revealed rates of parasitoidism efficiency lower than 3 % at glycerol NL (3 and 4 mol) and DMSO Freezer (0.1, 2, 3 and 4 mol). There were not emergence in the frozen pupae belong to DMSO NL and glycerol NL – PBS; 0.1, 1 and 2 mol. The freezing with glycerol at – 20 oC showed better rates of parasitoidism efficiency than others groups. Methods used in this work with cryoprotectives glycerol and DMSO were ineffective in the cryopreservation of C. megacephala pupae when compared with others works. The influency of biotics and non-biotics facts were discussed.


This paper presents a new model to analyze and calculate the critical gap,in which the geometric condition of intersections,dynamic property and respondent character of drivers are considered.The calculating results agree well with the recommendatory values from the HCM,indicating this model is practical.


INTRODUCTION As B2B eCommerce becomes more important to the daily operations of manufacturing firms, the scope of activities will broaden to a large set of data exchange activities (Davies and Garcia Sierra, 1999; Threlkel and Kavan, 1999; Unitt and Jones, 1999). Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) has been investigated for a significant period of time (e.g., Iacovou et al., 1995; Massetti and Zmud, 1996), but other forms of interfirm exchanges such as design and manufacturing data have not received much attention. This is in spite of the fact that there is extremely strong industry interest in these activities (e.g., automotive, aerospace and other online exchanges) as well as the identification of its necessity for factories that are part of extended virtual organizations (Upton and McAfee, 1996). Manufacturing connectedness (simply "connectedness" for the remainder of this chapter) is the sharing of business and technical data through electronic linkages. It includes business transaction-based EDI as well as the exchange of manufacturing information, design transfer and collaboration. Standards-based data exchange is a key element in effectively sharing data in digital formats. Standards that have been used for EDI include ANSI X.12 and EDIFACT. Other standards include STEP (Standard for the Exchange of


This experiment was conducted to study glutaredoxin 1(GRX1) and Thioredoxin 1(TRX1) gene expression characteristics in different tissues and investigate the regulation of vitamin E on the expressions of those two genes in oxidative stress cells of Yunnan Gaoligongshan pigs.The expressions of GRX1 and TRX1 genes in 11 tissues(hypophysis,hypothalamus,thyroid,thymus,pancreas,germen,duodenum,jejunum,ileum,skin and liver) were determined by the method of real time-quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR);pig fetal skin fibroblasts(PFSF) oxidative stress model was established induced by H2O2,and the regulation of vitamin E on GRX1 and TRX1 gene expressions in oxidative stress cells was explored.The results showed as follows: 1) GRX1 and TRX1 gene expressions were detected in all tissues,the highest expressional levels of GRX1 and TRX1 were in liver,and then skin and jejunum,and the lowest expressional levels was in pancreas and other endocrine glands;the expression level of GRX1 gene in thymus,germen,ileum and liver of sows was significantly higher than that of boars(P0.05),and that in pancreas of sows was extremely higher than that of boars(P0.01).The expression level of TRX1 gene in hypophysis,thymus,pancreas,germen and liver of sows was significantly higher than that of boars(P0.05).2) The results of cell culture indicated that TRX1 gene was over expressed in oxidative stress cells(P0.05).Vitamin E regulated GRX1 and TRX1 gene expressions in those oxidative stress cells,and the optimal concentration of vitamin E was 40 μg/mL.In conclusions,the expressions of GRX1 and TRX1 genes of Gaoligongshan pigs have obvious tissue-and gender-specific manner;inducing those gene expressions might be an important way to relieve oxidative stress;the expressions of GRX1 and TRX1 genes and antioxidant ability can be improved by vitamin E supplementation at a suitable concentration.


Abstract A theory for the propagation of detonations through tubes coated with a thin fuel film is developed. Vaporization is assumed as the rate limiting process dominating the detonation structure. Inclusion of the boundary layer displacement effect resulted in better agreement between computed and measured propagation speed, pressure ratio, and reaction zone length than was obtained in an earlier theory in which this effect was neglected. New film detonation data is presented covering a wide range of fuel air ratios. A general Chapman-Jouguet condition is formulated for film detonations, and use of the plane of complete film vaporization as the Chapman-Jouguet plane is justified in the case of thin films.


Cytokeratin 17 (CK17) is an epithelial basal cell / muscle keratin released by the activated keratinocytes. It is not present in most somatic cells, but in some stem cells and some malignant tumors in cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, head, and neck tumors, etc. A systematic research on the control and function of CK17 in gastric cancer is not performed recently. The study explored CK17 regulatory mechanism for the spread, apoptosis, resettlement, incursion of gastric cancer cells. RT-PCR, Western blot detected mRNA and CK17 protein concentrations in 72 gastric cancer nerves and 5 gastric cancer cells. A link in the middle of CK17 representation and clinical pathological parameters and prognosis had been studied within diseased person's patients with gastric cancer. Lentivirus has been leading down-regulation of CK17 in gastric cancer cells. CCK-8 detected cell spreading assay and Tran's well detected plate cloning assay. Cell migration and invasiveness. Manifestation of EMT-connected proteins within gastric cancer cells was calculated using Western blot. CK17 expression within gastric cancer nerves and cell areas was substantially increased, its level of representation closely linked to stage TNM, lymph node metastases within patients with gastric cancer. Prognostic studies found the diseased persons having minimal manifestation of CK17 possessed a longer period of subsistence concerning gastric cancer. Cell experimental findings showed the downregulation of CK17 prevented the spread, resettlement, penetration about gastric cancer cells. Levels of expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin proteins have been substantially reduced, however appearance of E-cadherin and Δ-catenin has increased significantly. CK17 is highly expressed within gastric cancer and is thoroughly associated with phase TNM, lymph connection metastases and prognosis. CK17 can promote propagation, resettlement, incursion, EMT of gastric cancer cells and inhibit apoptosis of cells.


A monobloc porous tantalum acetabular cup with a 28mm internal diameter was employed in 397 primary total hip replacements between August 1997 and December 2003. All patients were personally examined at yearly intervals for 3 years following surgery and at 2 year intervals thereafter. Thirty-one patients were known to have died and 69 hips were lost to follow up less than three years following implantation, leaving 297 hips (81%) available for review up to 10 years following implantation. The mean age at surgery was 66.2 years, with 12% of patients aged 80 years or older. 58% of the patients were female and 42% male. 82% of the patients had osteoarthritis. Clinical and radiographic data were analyzed for patients followed for a minimum of 3 years. Mean follow up was 5.4 years. The mean preoperative Harris hip score was 31, increasing to 89 at last follow up. The most common complication was dislocation. Eleven patients had dislocations in the early postoperative period: 4 required closed and 2 open reduction, and five required revision of the acetabular component for recurrent instability. Three patients (4 hips) with severe rheumatoid arthritis developed late instability and required acetabular revision. Four patients had a femoral fracture, 2 of which healed with slight settling and 1 of which required open reduction, subsequently became infected and required removal of the prosthesis. There was 1 superficial and 2 additional deep infections, one of which required component removal. Two patients had a fracture of the greater trochanter and required internal fixation. Four femoral components loosened, of which 3 were revised, all without involvement of the acetabular component. There were 3 transient sciatic nerve palsies; one resolved completely and two partially, although all 3 were lost to follow before 3 years. The porous tantalum monobloc acetabular components performed remarkably well at up to ten years following implantation. There were no instances of clinical or radiographic loosening, no osteolysis and no measurable wear visible on postoperative radiographs. The highly porous tantalum achieved reliable bony ingrowth in all cases. We hypothesize that the direct compression molding of the polyethylene into the porous tantalum substrate eliminated the backside wear and the flexion of the polyethylene liner that occurs in modular cups.


Comparative analysis of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus strains isolated in Russian Asia in the pandemic of 2009 and the post-pandemic period of 2011 was carried out. It was shown that pandemic influenza А (H1N1) pdm09 virus strain isolated in the pandemic period is more virulent and able to cause more severe pathological processes in lung tissue of experimentally infected mice compared to the strain А (H1N1) pdm09 isolated in the post-pandemic period. It is probably associated with mutations in genes encoding surface proteins that occurred at the time of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus circulation from 2009 to 2011 and that resulted in emergence of new genetic variants of virus with lower virulence.


The characteristics of the agrarian reform, the problems and results of the restructuring of Bulgarian agriculture during the transition period, also the impact of the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on overall policies in the period of preparation for accession to the EU have been reviewed in this article. The analysis demonstrates that the problems of restructuring of agriculture in Bulgaria are more specifi c compared to those of the other Central and West European countries. They can be solved through a sound comprehensive analysis of the economic, fi nancial, organizational, demographic, psychological and political factors in the context of CAP.


The authors present a preprocessor to mitigate the effects of the impulse noise. In contrast with previous work, the proposed preprocessor requires no information about the correlated background process and can adapt as the background process changes. An adaptive nonlinear filter (preprocessor) introduced mitigates the effects of the impulses when the nominal process (background noise) is a correlated Gaussian process. The preprocessing procedure consists of identifying the impulsive component, eliminating it and replacing the samples with an estimate. Comparison of techniques for suppressing impulse noise is given.<<ETX>>


JLBNM algorithm can achieve high quality image restoration,but the jump steps and the loop steps have great relation to the image types.In this paper some descriptions are given for different images.First do processing for the image,then fix the steps according to the image contents,analyse the possibility of the parallelized JLBNM based on the SMP for the first time,and discuss the data partition and the communication between processors in the parallel processing.At last give the parallel JLBNM algorithm.


Since 2000, when education reform in Serbia began education goals, teachers' training, curriculum and teaching/learning methods have been modernised and improved. However, a closer examination of the schools built from 2000 onwards reveals that architectural design of primary schools rests on standardised school design schemes from socialist Yugoslavian period, and it is not developed in synchrony with the latest education reform changes. This article presents the developments in the field of primary school design in Serbia from 2000 until today and explains their historical precedents. It also reviews contemporary international research that criticises standardised school designs due to the ever-progressing understanding of how pupils learn and develop. This article ends by proposing the necessary steps for developing a 21st-century school design strategy for Serbia, as well as what should such strategy entail.


FAIRsharing is a manually-curated registry of research data standards, repositories and data policies across all humanities and natural science disciplines. Each FAIRsharing record contains over 40 metadata properties that provide a rich description of each resource. Storing over 2,700 records, FAIRsharing is accessed via a web portal, API and other visualisation tools. In order to provide accurate, structured searching, ontologies are used to populate a number of the FAIRsharing metadata fields. Most recently, two application ontologies have been built from over 2000 free-text user-generated tags. These tags were classified as subjects/research areas (SRAO Subject Resource Application Ontology) or as research domains (DRAO Domain Resource Application Ontology). To ensure the required breadth of scope and high level of interoperability, and to limit redundancy with other community efforts, these application ontologies are based on a number of well-supported and adopted ontologies. FAIRsharing promotes FAIR and open science, with both ontologies open and freely available via GitHub (SRAO, DRAO).


Objective Escherichia coli was the most common Gram-negative bacteria detected from blood culture in our hospital. The present study was aimed to provide evidence for clinical treatment and control of nosocomial infections according to the drug resistance and distribution. Methods The drug resistance and sample source of 48 Escherichia coli isolated from cultured blood samples in July 2011 to March 2012 were analyzed, retrospectively. Results Drug-resistance of these Escherichia coli to imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefoxitin, amikacin, ampxillin/clavalavic acid, ceftazidime, cefepime, aztreonam, gentamycin, levofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole compound, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, cefazolin and ampicillin were 2.1% (1/48), 2.1% (1/48), 2.1% (1/48), 4.2% (2/48), 12.5% (6/48), 20.8% (10/48), 29.2% (14/48), 43.8% (21/48), 60.4% (29/48), 60.4% (29/48), 60.4% (29/48), 68.8%(33/48), 70.8% (34/48), 73% (35/48), 75% (36/48), 79.2% (38/48) and 87.5% (42/48), respectively. The top seven wards with isolation of Escherichia coli were department of gastroenterology (12/48, 25%), intensive care unit (6/48, 12.5%), department of endocrinology (5/48, 10.4%), cardiovascular internal medicine (5/48, 10.4%), pediatrics (3/48, 6.3%), department of urinary surgery (3/48, 6.3%) and hematological departments (3/48, 6.3%). Conclusions Carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli has been detected in blood culture, the bacterial examination rate should be improved, and the optimal antibiotic should be chosen on the basis of drug sensitivity results.


Functional meat product not only provided nutrition such as high grade protein,minernal substance and vitamin etal for people,but also possessed health function.The types and the potential exploitation of functional meat product were also introduced in this paper.


This study analyses the technical efficiency of Iran's 13 major cotton producing provinces over the period 2000-12. It uses two non-parametric full frontier models (Data Envelopment Analysis and Free Disposal Hull) and two partial frontier models (Order-α and Order-m with different values for α and m) to assess the technical efficiency of these cotton producing provinces. It compares the different models with respect to technical efficiency scores and the provinces' rankings. Using this method, the paper identifies the most (least) efficient provinces and follows the temporal patterns of their performance in cotton production. The study also compares the efficiency of different models according to the order of ranking using the Spearman rank order correlation. The efficiency results are sensitive to the choice of frontier model and the values of parameters m and α. According to our results, technical efficiency obtained from partial frontier models is higher than that obtained from full frontier models. Spearman rank order correlation's results indicate that the correlation between models DEA and FDH is high. As α→1 and m→∞, the correlation coefficient between DEA with Order-α and Order-m increases. Our results also indicate that rank order correlation between FDH and Order-m is higher than that for Order-α.


Nowadays, world trend in maintaining energy sustainability is connecting several small and medium scale generators from renewable energy sources to the main electricity grid through a distribution network, or popularly known as the microgrid. One of the main problems of the microgrid is the synchronization of parallel operation. Generator synchronoscope, synchronization detector, and regulator device, will certainly make the microgrid operation easier and more reliable. Digital synchronoscope, which is more thorough in the detection of synchronization parameters and equipped with automation features for the tripping process in generator synchronization, can replace analog synchronoscope which is still widely used. This study was implemented to produce a prototype of digital synchronoscope that has some advantages such as low priced, robust, and simple in electrical schematic.


We propose a procedure to reconstruct characteristic features of an unknown stochastic system from the long-time full counting statistics of some of the system's transitions that are monitored by a detector. The full counting statistics is conveniently parametrized by so-called generalized factorial cumulants. Taking only a few of them as input information is sufficient to reconstruct important features such as the lower bound of the system dimension and the full spectrum of relaxation rates. The use of generalized factorial cumulants reveals system dimensions and rates that are hidden for ordinary cumulants. We illustrate the inverse counting-statistics procedure for two model systems: a single-level quantum dot in a Zeeman field and a single-electron box subjected to sequential and Andreev tunneling.


Autonomous micromanipulation has been an emerging interest in constructing and assembling micro-objects. Manual assembly and manipulation of small-scale objects through teleoperation is possible; however, autonomy is necessary for large-volume manipulation and manufacturing. In this study, we discuss a two-dimensional autonomous manipulation system, which is based on an optical microscope and a nanoprobe. We demonstrate the manipulation of polystyrene and silica microspheres, which are detected through image processing using the generalized Hough transform. Using an atomic force microscope nanoprobe as an end-effector, microspheres are autonomously pushed to a user-defined configuration. Furthermore, we demonstrate motion planning in micromanipulation by using the Wavefront expansion algorithm, which is necessary in manipulating microspheres without colliding into obstacles. In experiments, we successfully demonstrate the automatic arrangement of 4.5 μm polystyrene and 5 μm silica microspheres into user-defined patterns with an average precision of around 0.5 μm, which is limited by the microscope imaging resolution. This autonomous microparticle arrangement system could be applied to fabricate mold templates for micro/nanoprinting and prototyping micro/nanodevices.


Abstract : Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cells (URFCs) offer a significant advancement in future space system technology. The ability of the URFC to act reversibly as a fuel cell and an electrolyzer allows the integration of two important spacecraft subsystems: power and propulsion. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the advantages of the URFC system over the separate propulsion and power technology. These advantages will be demonstrated through the compilation of previously documented investigations as well as calculations and scenarios that I have created myself. Overall, I will demonstrate that the efficiency of the integrated URFC system makes it a noteworthy option in spacecraft design.


The topology of the distribution network often changes during routine maintenance and expansion. In addition, the real-time measurement data and the number of configured sensors is limited, and the switch state lacks of real-time telemetry, which causes the topology generator to often fail to obtain actual structure of distribution network. At present, the common topology identification methods are not well adapted to the above characteristics of the distribution network. Therefore, in order to avoid the state estimation distortion of the distribution network caused by serious errors in the distribution network topology, a new topology identification method is proposed. The method determines the possible topologies based on the matching loop power and performs state estimation on the possible topologies based on the common measured values. According to the state evaluation result and the measured value, thereby based on the highest matching degree, it is determined that the topology is a trusted topology, that is, an actual topology. The proposed method realizes the quantitative evaluation of the topology, simplifies the topology identification process, and reduces the computational complexity of the topology identification process. Finally, the effectiveness and practicality of the method are verified through related cases.


Due to the limited availability of parking slots in parking areas, drivers often have difficulty finding an empty parking slot. The number of parking slots available at a particular location is usually less than the number of vehicles. Hence, drivers spend a lot of time looking for vacant parking slots, which eventually delays the completion of their tasks, such as paying bills, attending a meeting, or visiting a patient at the hospital, etc. There are a couple of parking guidance systems that have been highlighted by the other researchers, but most of them lack real-time, convenient guidance. This research proposed a smart parking guidance system made of an IoT Raspberry Pi combined with an Android application that makes use of the weighted k nearest neighbours for positioning the vehicle. This was achieved through the use of Wi-Fi signal strength indicator fingerprinting, allowing for real-time navigation and parking detection. In order to achieve real-time parking over the internet, Raspberry Pi hardware and the ThingSpeak IoT cloud with ultrasonic sensors are used in the proposed method. An Android application was involved in this parking detection system, which adopted IoT approaches to estimate the location of users in real-time and provide routes using route-finding techniques to assist drivers in finding their desired parking slots. Data from the sensors was processed and translated into the Raspberry Pi using the Python programming language. They were sent using the Message Telemetry Transport protocol to send parking data to the ThingSpeak IoT cloud in real-time. This data was displayed via the Android app. The user is then able to view each available parking slot, acquire the route, and be directed with high accuracy to the parking slots of their choice. In this study, advanced sensing and communication technologies were used together with the weighted k nearest neighbours algorithm for positioning and wayfinding in order to improve parking guidance accuracy. Based on the experimental results, the proposed system showed a lower average error rate of 1.5 metres in comparison to other positioning techniques, such as GPS, or other similar algorithms for positioning, such as maximum a posteriori, which have shown average errors of 2.3 metres and 3.55 metres, respectively, a potential increase of more than 35% from the previous error rate. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-012 Full Text: PDF


779 the more significant outcome, at least for the greater number. Such regimes will destabilize larger regions and promote the likelihood of war within and between fragile states. Of course, this will lead to calls for further imperial intervention, economic restructuring and cultural re-education. And so the cycle continues. Smith is surely correct in saying that unless means are sought to notably enfranchise the increasingly urban majority of the global South, the future will see more conflict, and, with the rise of a multipolar world, these may one day escalate into conflicts of global magnitude. The humiliations of imperial conquest, economic relegation and cosmopolitan estrangement, when set in a context that constrains acceptance, escape and rejection by means of resistance does help explain why the relatively affluent, highly educated and well-connected urban planner Mohamed Atta flew a plane into the World Trade Center. Such macro-explanatory factors help explain the deep reservoirs of resentment and desire for revenge even if they do not explain why such feelings manifest themselves in different ways in particular contexts. That such cycles of revenge were reversed and turned towards cycles of emancipation in the EU gives Smith cause for hope and leads him to suggest a functional model for global development in distinction to the failed model of US-led military domination and economic deregulation. Smith's sociological schematics and in particular his love of triads will tease the sensitivities of those who refuse to see patterns in human affairs, while his faith that dominant powers might still be reasoned with as to their enlightened self-interest in fostering decent democracy will no doubt equally tease the sensitivities of those who see only one coherent pattern of domination in world affairs. These are two reasons for recommending this book. The book's most significant omission is its failure to address the gendered dynamics of domination and humiliation. While revealing much, this key element of the global sociological agenda remains hidden in Smith's account.


Loss reduction in converters is one of main targets in power electronics to obtain higher efficiency and lower thermal stress, which can enhance the lifetime of devices. This paper presents a variable switching frequency technique for switching loss reduction in a three-phase voltage source inverter, obtaining similar output current quality as that of a space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) algorithm. This type of optimization has not been applied for a three-phase system before. Simulation and experimental results are also shown. The output current ripple rms value of three-phase SVPWM is used as the optimization constraint. Results of the optimization of the switching losses with quality constraints in the switching frequency as the variable are presented for different load angles and compared with classical SVPWM. Experimental results show that this technique can save up to nearly  $19\%$ in switching losses with similar total harmonic distortion of the output current, concluding that converter losses are reduced without reducing output current quality.


Purified barley (Hordeum vulgare) ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco, EC 188.8.131.52) was used for immunization of BALB/c mice in order to produce hybridomas secreting specific monoclonal antibodies. Stable hybridoma cell lines designated as Mab 2D11, Mab 2F4, Mab 2G2, Mab 2H5, Mab 3H9, Mab 4B9 were selected using an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). According to their specificity these antibodies can be divided into two groups - Mab 2D11, Mab 2G2 and Mab 2H5 recognize overlapping enzyme epitopes in green leave extract from monocotyledonous - barley (H. vulgare), wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays) and dicotyledonous - pea (Pisum sativum), soybean (Glycine max)


The aim of this study was to know the potential of jarak cina secretion ( wound in mice. The study was conducted by using 15 Swiss Webster male mice 2 weight. All of the mice had been wounded in a circle form with diameter of 0,5 cm on middle back. After the mice wounded, the different greasing is implemented in e ach wound, they are : control, greasing of jarak ci na secretion and betadin. The greasing was done every twelve hours till the wound is healed. F rom the analysis result of varians (ANOVA) the treatment resulted on the speed of scab forming, but it did not affect to period of scab r emoving. In the further test (LSD 5%), the secretion of jarak cina The healing speed of the wound is same of the treat ments. The greasing of jarak cina secretion make th e surface of wound healed perfectly, while on control and the gr easing of betadin, th


20 castrated rats were the object of histochemical studies of the endometrium. 15 were administered .0001 gm beta-estradiol (Polfa) mixed with .2 ml of olive oil. 5 control animals were administered only the .2 ml of olive oil. The animals were killed 6 12 and 24 hours after the injections. An increase in the thiamine pirophosphatase (TTP) reaction was noted immediately after the administration. This reaction suggests that the estrogens stimulate the process of oxygen decarboxylation and of riboso-5-phosphate synthesis which is indispensable for the synthesis of nucleotides. An increase in adenozynotriphosphatase (ATP) and in alkaline phosphatase activity suggested that estrogens exert influence on the stimulation of active transport in a growing organism. With the increase of anabolic processes catabolic processes were observed to increase as well demonstrated by the marked increase in the acid phosphatase reaction.(Authors modified)


In this paper, we investigate how topic dynamics during the course of an interaction correlate with the power differences between its participants. We perform this study on the US presidential debates and show that a candidate's power, modeled after their poll scores, affects how often he/she attempts to shift topics and whether he/she succeeds. We ensure the validity of topic shifts by confirming, through a simple but effective method, that the turns that shift topics provide substantive topical content to the interaction.


I don't know anyone who is happy about getting older. This is because ageing entails a deterioration of the organism which leads to decreased survival and reproductive performance. The process, however, varies between individuals, with some individuals experiencing more of the negative consequences


Wnt4‐/‐ XX gonads display features normally associated with testis differentiation, suggesting that WNT4 actively represses elements of the male pathway during ovarian development. Here, we show that follistatin (Fst), which encodes a TGFβ superfamily binding protein, is a downstream component of Wnt4 signaling. Fst inhibits formation of the XY‐specific coelomic vessel in XX gonads. In addition, germ cells in the ovarian cortex are almost completely lost in both Wnt4 and Fst null gonads before birth. Thus, we propose that WNT4 acts through FST to regulate vascular boundaries and maintain germ cell survival in the ovary. Developmental Dynamics 230:210–215, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In this paper, we present a new level set-based topology optimization method targeting dynamic characteristics of rotational symmetry structures. Rotational symmetry structures are used in rolling mechanism, therefore, dynamic characteristics are often important design criteria. Here, we focus on the lowest eigenfrequency and maximize it based on the level set theory. To guarantee the rotational symmetry of the target structure, we propose to average nodal sensitivities based on the rotational symmetry. We demonstrate the usefulness of our proposed method by a numerical example.


In this paper, we have proposed a novel type of fiber amplifier by filling the PbS semiconductor quantum dots into the holes of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) for the first time. Based on simulation results, we have found that the loss of PCF filled with PbS is slightly increased compared with the one without PbS at wavelength of 1310 nm. Furthermore, we have successfully fabricated the PbS-filled PCF with selective air-hole cladding by a new perfusion technique that can optimize the overall loss.


Abstract The adaptation and application of a systems analysis model devised for educational evaluation is discussed in the context of educational evaluation of a small specialist centre and the benefits of the adaptation explained. The ways in which the adapted model was used to gain a realistic picture of the centre are outlined and the potential usefulness of the framework discussed.


This research article focuses on the development of AA7075 alloy reinforced with different wt% of Tantalum Carbide (TaC), Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) and Titanium (Ti) particulates using stir casting. Mechanical characteristics like tensile, compression and microhardness of the developed composites were analysed. High temperature tribological properties of the hybrid MMCs were studied for various input control factors like sliding speed, load and temperature. Design analysis has been executed by Taguchi orthogonal array and ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). The incorporated reinforcements exhibited improved wear resistance at ambient temperature along with elevated temperatures. Monolithic dissemination of reinforcement's in the prepared composites magnifies the mechanical and tribological characteristics for composites compared to matrix material. From the optimization technique, it was witnessed that Wear Rate and Frictional Coefficient are afflicted by temperature go after load & sliding speed. The optimal amalgamation of control parameters of distinct tribo-responses has been detected.


The hexane extractive from portulaca oleracea L..were isolated by column chromatography and HPLC.By spectral properties and the literatures of their structures 6 compounds were identified as β-sitosterol(1),linoleic acid glycerol ester(2),DL-epiloliolide(3),ceryl alcohol(4),α-palm acid monoglyceride(5),β-sitosterol-glucopyranoside(6).The compound 3 was isolated from this plant for the first time.


A thermo- and light-responsive system consisting of single-walled carbon nanotube and helical polysaccharide modified with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) side-chains has been developed through supramolecular polymer wrapping. Coagulation of the complex can be induced by the external stimuli, which leads to a catch-and-release action of a porphyrin derivative.


It has been observed (Halliday 1967: 33–34, 54–55 ; cf. Crystal 1969: 273, ix, and Lee 1960: 58–59, with different tonality treatment) that the fall-rise nuclear tone in such sentences as I ˈdidn't ˈcome because of the ˅food.


PURPOSE
To assess the oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) among older people residing in old-age homes in Delhi, India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Oral health related quality of life was measured by using the Hindi version of Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) which was tested for its reliability and validity. Sociodemographic data were collected and questions regarding the self-perception of general health, oral health and perceived need for dental treatment were put forward. Clinical assessment was also performed.

RESULTS
The mean additive-GOHAI score of the study population was found to be 41.57 ± 6.07. Statistically significant associations were found between GOHAI and perceived measures. GOHAI scores decreased with a decrease in the number of teeth present and a decrease in the number of teeth having coronal and root caries. Those subjects who were in need of multi-unit prostheses or full prostheses had significantly poorer OHRQoL compared to those without any prosthetic need or need of single-unit prostheses.

CONCLUSION
This study revealed the extent of dental problems in old-age home residents and may help to plan appropriate preventive measures.


Now considered an independent risk factor for heart disease, obesity is linked to a sedentary lifestyle, hypertension, elevated lipids, and diabetes. Overweight/obesity alters cardiac dynamics by increasing the metabolic demand associated with expanded adipose tissue. Obesity also influences diastolic function, neuroendocrine activation, and renal sodium retention. Despite women's increased awareness of heart disease, overweight/ obesity rates have not declined appreciatively. Analysis of NHANES data (National Health and Nutrition and Examination Survey) showed that in recent years the prevalence of overweight/obesity in women has remained a lingering concern. In 2003 to 2004, among all women 20 to 39 years, 51.7% were overweight and 28.9% were obese; among women 40 to 59 years, 68.1% were overweight and 38.8% were obese; and among women 60 years and older, 68.9% were overweight and 31.5% were obese. Even more alarming is that in non-Hispanic black women and Mexican American women, obesity rates across all age groups are significantly higher than obesity rates for non-Hispanic white women. Overweight/obesity as a factor in developing heart failure may be more important in women. In 2002, the relation between body mass index (weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) and the incidence of heart failure was investigated in 5881 participants in the Framingham Heart Study (average age 55 years; 54% women). Heart failure developed in 496 people (258 women; 238 men). When adjusting for established risk factors for heart disease, there was an increase in the risk of heart failure of 5% for men and 7% for women for each increment of 1 in the body mass index. This graded increase in the risk of heart failure was seen across all categories of body mass index. These investigators concluded that addressing obesity in populations of people can lessen the burdens associated with heart failure. Others have described gender differences in heart failure in relation to overweight/obesity. For example, Lund and Mancini discuss gender differences in hormonal influence, response to injury, pressure overload and aging, which may account for differences in epidemiology, response to treatment, and long-term outcomes.


Summary

1
A patient aged fourteen years with severe anaemia following oesophago-jejunal anastomosis with by-pass of the stomach, and formation of a jejunal blind loop at the age of eleven years, is described.

2
The anaemia responded to parenteral vitamin BIZ and iron sorbitol citrate ("Jectofer").

3
Increased well-being and weight-gain resulted from correction of the anaemia and its symptoms.


We investigate the interactions of color neutral fields with gluons in the regge region, and propose a model in which the field strength of the gluons couple to these fields. This model yields to first order in perturbation theory a structure function which coincides with that obtained in deep inelastic scattering (in the Double Log Approximation of QCD) to first order at low q with a correction. We propose that higher order corrections in this model will contribute to the parton structure functions beyond the DLA. It is also shown that the Born approximation in this model yields a potential having a monopole, and a quadruploe term that may couple to hadronic currents provideing angular momentum transitions of Delta(J)=2,0, as is the case in hadron regge trajectories.


Reports in adults suggest impaired hypothalamic control of prolactin(PRL)secretion in massive obesity. We investigated 12 obese(O)pts(8females,4males;12±1.3 yrs,M±SE, all 100% above IBW and 7 control (C)subjects (4females,3males;13±l.lyrs; all had weight ages ≤ height ages)with IV Insulin(IVIT)and IV TRH(IVTT)tests Serial PRL,growth hormone(IRGH), insulin(IRI),blood sugar (BS),cortisol(F),glucagon(IRG),TSH,T4 T3,by RIA were obtained. O showed no differences from C in the basal and BS nadir, basal and peak IRG, F,and thyroid responses to both tests. Basal IRI levels were higher, 36±9.4 vs 10±2.3uU/ml, p<0.05;peak IRGH responses after IVIT were lower than in C, 6.1±1.1vs 12.7±3.7ng/ml, p<0.05. Whereas all C subjects had PRL responses to both tests,4/12 O pts had no response to IVIT.O had lower PRL at 30mins after IVIT,5.4±0.7 vs 12.9±3.7ng/ml, p<0.05,and lower PRL at 60min.after IVTT,9.9±1.7 vs 20.4±5.9ng/ml, p<0.05. Max PRL after IVTT was lower in 0 pts,9.9±2.0 vs 28.8±10.9, p<0.05.MaxPRLafterIVIT was lower in 0 pts,6.2±4.1 vs 28.9±18.3. No sex difference in PRL was noted with either test in both groups. Thus, blunted PRL secretion in CO suggests impaired hypothalamic function.


Securing universal access to affordable electricity by 2030 is one of the sustainable development goals. Meanwhile, energy consumption efficiency has a vital role in determining the achievement of this goal. Therefore, exploring behavior toward energy is crucial. Energy behavior is often characterized as individual actions that influence energy consumption and understanding of its production. On the other hand, the perspective of the young Indonesian generation is interesting to explore as their country is well-known as a fossil energy producer. In this study, the participants were 475 junior high school students in the ninth grade from four public schools in Indonesia. The questionnaire has 39 items that explore students' perspectives on their behavior toward energy. The result shows that students' energy behavior is mainly at a moderate level with no significant difference by gender. Students with experience in informal energy education showed higher energy behavior. The result suggests the urgency of a better quality of energy education, both formal and informal, that supports reinforcement in energy behavior.


Even though Capercaillie are still present in large parts of its original range,
its numbers have decreased in many parts of the Western and Central European
range and in several cases, local populations have gone extinct. The Capercaillie
population in the Black Forest, South-Western Germany, has undergone
drastic declines in the past decades. In 1971 the number of male Capercaillie
displaying at lekking sites throughout the Black Forest was counted for the
first time, and since 1983 counts have been performed on a yearly basis. From
1993 onwards, all sightings and signs of Capercaillie presence have been documented and combined to create a distribution map, which is updated every five years. The lek-counts show fluctuations in the number of displaying males, but with a strong decline becoming evident over the entire study period: whereas
roughly 450 males were counted between 1983 and 1994, the last count in
2016 revealed only 206 males. The decline was paralleled by a decline in range
from 607 km2 in 1993 to 457 km2 in 2013. This 25 % decline is not evenly
distributed in the Black Forest but is largest in the Southern and Eastern Black
Forest («Sud-Schwarzwald» and «Baar-Schwarzwald») compared to the subpopulations in the Northern and Central parts of the study area. Possible causes include: habitat loss and deterioration, climate change, anthropogenic disturbance and increasing numbers of predators, most likely several of these operating in conjunction.


Doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline antibiotic, is limited by its toxicity. The present study is to evaluate the protective effects of Ocimum sanctum inflorescence using hydro - alcoholic extract in doxorubicin (DOX) induced toxicity. The efficacy was measured by biochemical and histopathological studies. Doxorubicin (2.5 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p) as a single dose and Ocimum sanctum extract (250 mg/kg) was administered orally for 15 days. Rats induced with DOX showed cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity as evidenced by elevation of serum markers LDH, CK, CK – MB, creatinine, urea, uric acid, total protein, SGOT, SGPT and ALP activity including tissue parameters like lipid peroxidation, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity and a decrease in the level of glutathione (GSH). Post-treatment with Ocimum sanctum elicited a significant (p < 0.05) protection in the alterations of enzyme markers as comparison with DOX - induced group. In histopathological studies of heart, liver and kidney also support the study. These results suggest that Ocimum sanctum inflorescence extract can provides a significant protective effect against doxorubicin induced toxicity in rats.


Although microfinance started as a movement to improve women's economic well-being through increased female entrepreneurship in particular, its impact on women's attitudes toward and participation in the labour market is not fully understood. We fill this gap by combining data on branch locations of the major microfinance institutions in Bangladesh with household survey data and implement a spatial regression discontinuity design.


By adding TIME to the existing body of knowledge in all of biology and medicine, and by recognizing the crucial role this new element was to play in all matters of life, Franz Halberg developed the new science of chronobiology. By insisting on an inferential statistical foundation, a microscopy in time was born. Meal timing as a synchronizer of circadian rhythms played an important role in the development of Chronobiology. Franz later added a telescopy in time by his methodical scrutiny of non-photic as well as photic environmental influences on biota, from which chronomics flourished.


As a new photoelectrical detector,avalanche photodiode(APD) has been widely used in the detection system.Preamplifier is one of the key factors which affect APD detection system of laser pulse.The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) of preamplifier determines the SNR of whole detection system.A method that charge sensitive preamplifier used in APD detection system of laser pulse was presented to enhance the range and precision of the detection system.The APD detection technology of laser pulse and the characteristics of APD were discussed,and a low noise charge sensitive preamplifier circuit which designed by JFET and integrated-circuit operational amplifier was described.This circuit has advantages of low noise,small size and simply structure,etc.The circuit was analyzed in experiment.The experimental results prove that the charge sensitive preamplifier used in APD detection system of laser pulse can effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the performance of detection system.


This research is about the distribution of rhizosphere microbes of bulrush in Mengqing Garden,Shanghai so as to find out the factors which affect their patterns and distribution.The results indicate that the number of the bacteria,epiphyte and actinomycetes in rooting zone are more than those in non-rooting zone,and the means of R/S are respectively 70.3,9.5,2.9.The rooting effect is more obvious on nitrosomonas than on nitrobacter.The nitrosomonas are more nitrobacter both in two zones.The number of heterotrophic bacteria and nitrifying bacteria increased with the time of the hydraulic retention time,contrary to the nitrobacter.The Heterotrophic bacteria,nitrosomonas,epiphyte and rhizosphere in non-rhizosphere zones are more than the contrast in the sample with the inoculants and enzyme,contrary to the nitrobacter and denitrifying bacteria.The microorganisms in rhizosphere are more than the contrast with 1~2 magnitudes in the sample with the inoculants and enzyme.The activity of enzyme has been improved both in two zones in the sample with inoculants and enzyme,which higher than the contrast with 5~6 magnitudes.


Objective To optimize the fermentation process with the aim of increasing the antibacterial substance in the Streptomyces sp.BF-1 secondary metabolites;Test the antibacterial activity of the metabolites in vitro.Methods Based on the index of antibacterial activity,the fermentation medium and conditions of Streptomyces sp.BF-1 were optimized by single-factor and orthogonal experiments;MIC values were detected by the agar dilution method.Results The optimal fermentation medium:starch 5 g·L-1,NH4Cl 5 g·L-1,soybean extract 15 g·L-1,MgSO4 0.25 g·L-1,seawater crystal 30 g·L-1;the optimal fermentation conditions: temperature 28℃,starting pH 7,inoculum concentration 5%;the MIC values of the metabolites to Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 640 μg·mL-1.Conclusion The secondary metabolites of Streptomyces sp.BF-1 showed significant antibacterial activity in vitro;the antibacterial activity of Streptomyces sp.BF-1 fermentation was 2.6 times higher than that before the optimization.


Dimensional and chemical aspects of leaders and bark were investigated in tall (40–75 ft) eastern white pines (Pinus strobus) and in smaller (12–25 ft) trees growing in the open and in shade. Leaders from young open grown trees were longer, of greater diameter, and had thicker bark than leaders from tall white pines and from young shaded white pines. Tall trees were intermediate between the open grown and shaded trees in leader length and diameter but had the thinnest bark. Bark thickness in similar aged portions of laterals increased progressively at higher vertical levels in the trees. In spectrophotometer tests, light transmittance was higher for shoots than for bark from lateral branches and the main stem in both eastern white pine and western white pine (Pinus monticola).


Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1 Part I Adversary Advocacy Chapter 1: The Wellsprings of Legal Ethics 25 Chapter 2: The Lawyerly Vices 44 Chapter 3: The Seeds of a Lawyerly Virtue 79 Part II Integrity Chapter 4: Introducing Integrity 103 Chapter 5: An Impartialist Rejoinder? 118 Chapter 6: Integrity and the First Person 134 Part III Comedy or Tragedy? Chapter 7: Integration through Role 155 Chapter 8: Lawyerly Fidelity and Political Legitimacy 171 Chapter 9: Tragic Villains 212 Postscript 247 Notes 255 Index of Cases Cited 341 Index of Model Rules and Other Authorities 347 Index of Subjects 351


The subject of research in this article is a comparative analysis of the condition, causes and consequences of poverty in Serbia and the surrounding countries. Poverty as a multidimensional phenomenon, on the one hand, implies insufficient income to meet basic living needs, while on the other hand, it also covers various aspects of human rights, such as' inability to employ, inadequate housing and inadequate access to social protection for health, education and communal services. Due to a significant decrease in economic activities, but also due to the effect of numerous noneconomic factors, in the Republic of Serbia and the surrounding countries the last three decades there has been a decrease in the standard of living of the population and a concomitant increase in poverty. The results of the research indicate that economic growth and development, with a proactive role of the state in improving social protection systems, better education and development of social entrepreneurship, are key factors that contribute to employment growth and living standards, and consequently the decrease in the poverty rate.


Article points 1. Diabetes has been shown to be more prevalent in areas of socioeconomic deprivation and deprivation impacts on health-seeking behaviours and utilisation of services. 2. Qualitative data from focus groups of people from minority ethnic groups in a deprived London borough indicate that poor health literacy, socioeconomic deprivation and organisation barriers impact on their ability to cope with their condition. 3. The authors suggest that healthcare professionals should be culturally sensitive and aim to improve services for minority ethnic and deprived groups.


The DASTEK 4830 Disk Drive is designed to provide minicomputer original equipment manufacturers (OEM) with direct access storage having the performance, reliability, and cost/MB characteristics of drives attached to large mainframe computers. This was accomplished by utilizing state-of-the -art technologies in the areas of read/write heads, media, data encoding/decoding, and read/write head positioning as well as packaging improvements and microprocessor based electronics.


The control problems that arise in connection with hybrid powertrains are significant, and pose great challenges to power-train control engineers. Big obstacles to the control design are the model complexity, and the necessity of a knowledge "a priori" of torque and velocity profiles for optimal fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. The aim of this paper is to propose a robust approach to the development of supervisory control strategies for hybrid-electric drivetrains. The objective is to determine an output feedback controller that minimize fuel consumption with respect to a family of possible torque/power input profiles, e.g. urban driving cycles. Sufficient conditions for the existence of a robust controller satisfying stability, L 2 gain attenuation between inputs and outputs of interst, and input/output bound constraints are derived by means of a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs).Copyright © 2003 by ASME


Based on Active Object pattern,ProActive is a Java GRID middleware library for parallel,distributed,multi-threaded computing and concurrent computing,also featuring fault-tolerance,load-balancing,mobility and security in a uniform framework.ProActive has a higher level of concurrent characteristic,it provides an advanced synchronization mechanism that allows an easy and safe implementation of potentially complex synchronization strategy.The paper solves the classical synchronization problem-the readers and the writers problem-based on synchronization with ProActive,it implements three different synchronization policies "Priority to Writers","Priority to Readers",and "Even Policy",and the application is able to assign different synchronization strategy to readers or writers without blocking on reading or writing.


Hypokalaemia is a potentially life‐threatening adverse event of flucloxacillin with unknown incidence. The risk of flucloxacillin‐induced hypokalaemia has recently been suggested to be increased among females compared to males. The aim of this study is to describe the incidence and to determine the influence of sex and other risk factors on flucloxacillin‐induced hypokalaemia.


Object-oriented software developing method is the valid means that solved the software crisis, but the reused-rate of the codes for object-oriented software is very high, thus it needs to be tested rigorously in order to avoid the spread of the mistakes. This paper introduces how to use the theory and the method of the softwareengineering to evaluate, test and how to design the tested example that based different demand for the object-oriented software.


Collapse Bronchiectasis in a Child.-R. W. B. ELLIS,.M.D. (for E. A. COCKAYNE, M.D.). A. W., female, aged 5 years and 8 months. Normal infancy; parents and one younger brother well. No previous illnesses except chickenpox at age of 2, and a "cold and cough " at age of 18 months, foliowed by slight winter cough each year subsequently. The child is entirely free from cough at present. She has had good general health, and was referred to hospital after routine examination by the school doctor. On examination.-A healthy-looking child with good colour, weighing 356 lb. Height 40 in. No cyanosis or dyspncea; ? very early clubbing of fingers. There is no foetor of the breath. The trachea shows considerable displacement to the right, and the dorsal spine a slight scoliosis with the concavity to the right. Diminished movement of right chest. The apex beat is palpable in the third and fourth intercostal spaces half an inch to the left of the sternum, and the cardiac impulse is visible in the second, third and fourth spaces 1J in. to the right of the mid-line. The area of cardiac dullness corresponds with the cardiac impulse. There is no impairment of resonance over the lungs except over a small area at the right base. The liver dullness reaches to the fifth space on the right. Air entry greatly diminished over whole of right lung; breath sounds harsh in the right axilla, and tubular below the angle of the right scapula. Occasional rAles over whole of right lung posteriorly. Tonsils moderately enlarged. Abdomen: nothing abnormal discovered. Mantoux test (1 in 1,000) strongly positive. Stomach wash-out examination negative for tubercle bacilli; no evidence of tuberculosis at post-mortem of injected guinea-pig. Skiagram of chest (1.7.34) showed displacement of heart to right, with a triangular shadow across the right cardiophrenic angle (fig. 1). Lipiodol injection (4.7.34) showed saccular dilatation within the triangular shadow. From the division of the main bronchus, this shadow is seen to represent the 'Whole of the collapsed right lower lobe (fig. 2). Treatment.-The patient was treated with repeated inhalations of carbon dioxide, and though these caused considerable hyperpncea it was not possible to re-expand the collapsed lobe. COMMENT.-This case is shown to illustrate the existence of saccular bronchiectasis, involving the whole of a collapsed lower lobe, with almost entire absence of cough, sputum, or any detectable malodour of the breath. There is no interference whatsoever with the general health. The question arises as to whether these cases are to be regarded as congenital in origin, or as examples of bronchiectasis arising in a lobe that has collapsed after


At present,There are many articles study on rural tourism,rural culture,folklore tourism.But there is no about the type of participating rural folklore tourism product,This article reaserch about it,and making efforts ways to develop the type of participating rural folklore tourism product.


In this article the author tries to point out the convenience of seeing the speeches of the tragic characters as compositions that contribute to articulate the overall design of the dramatic pieces they belong rather than as an expression of individual and idiosyncratic ηθος of the characters who pronounce them. These characters are also subordinate to the articulation of that design and their characterization does not depend on our modern standards of consistency, but on its assembly in the compositional project of the whole work. While more or less observable discrepancy between rhetoric ηθος and dramatic ηθος in euripidean agons has divided critics between two opposing approaches (psychological realism and atomism), the particular study of the Phaedra's rhesis, lacking of that agonal component, does allow to find a balance between the two approaches. The author analyses the degree of connection between the characterizing features present in this rhesis and the words and actions of the character before and after pronouncing it. The higher this connection, the greater also the potential for characterization of the rhesis; otherwise, it will be necessary to determine to what extent contributes to the overall design of the work and also to the characterization the discrepancy between Phaedra's rhetoric and dramatic ηθος.


Organizations have changed dramatically over the last decade as globalization, new technology, and generational shifts shape almost every aspect of twenty-first century American society. Ideally, communication education would prepare students for experiences in the workplaces they will join after they graduate, but some have suggested that academia is disconnected from the realities of organizations. In these two studies we examined the degree to which organizational communication textbooks have kept pace with those changes. The first consisted of interviews with local organizational leaders. Those leaders identified communication-related issues that were important in their organizations. The second study consisted of a content analysis assessing the degree to which organizational communication textbooks address the themes found in Study One. The more abstract themes from Study One were found in abundance, but the practical applications of those themes were under-represented in these textbooks.


The article holds that putting emphasis on development of, making good use of and properly managing talented people constitute the key to success for the enterprise.Therefore, good use of talented people should be made, the mechanism to inspire them should be perfected and dynamic management of them should be done.


Filtration rate of fracturing fluid into formation is one of key factors to determine fracture geometry in the design of fracturing and the evaluation after fracturing.Present computation model of filtration for horizontal fracture,established for homogeneous reservoir,could not be used for filtration calculation of fracturing fluid in naturally-fractured reservoir.Based on fluid percolation theory of fractured reservoir,a new model is set up to modeling fluid filtration through horizontal fractures in naturally-fractured reservoir with limited height.Analytic solution feasible for practical application is acquired by using Fu' orthogonal exchange principle.The result shows fluid filtration rate of horizontal fractures in natural fractured reservoir decreases with filtration time,but equivalent comprehensive filtration coefficient increases with time.Classic filtration theory will cause bigger errors to calculate filtration rate of fracturing fluid influenced by net pressure of horizontal fractures.The model and calculation result both provide certain guidance for the fracturing design of horizontal fractures.


Seasonal differences in breeding units of Microtus ochrogaster were studied in E-central Illinois. Average breeding-unit size was 1.9 during spring-early autumn and 4.8 during late autumn and winter. Increased nest survival of juveniles (0.7 and 1.5/litter, spring-early autumn and late autumn-winter, respectively), combined with high philopatry at all seasons, appears to be the primary factor involved in formation of larger breeding units during late autumn and winter. Additions to the basic breeding unit included 71.1% young born into the family group, and 28.9% unrelated adults that joined the group. Large snakes are the only known predators on voles in this region that can enter undisturbed underground nests and are not active during late autumn-winter. Breeding unit size and composition in an exclosure from which snakes, but not other predators, were assumed to have been excluded were nearly identical in August and September to those of breeding units in the open population during late autumn and winter. We conclude that the basic breeding unit of M. ochrogaster is an extended-family, communal-nesting group which also includes 1-2 unrelated adults. Because of high juvenile nest mortality from snakes during spring-early autumn, such communal groups are observed primarily during late autumn and winter.


Experiments were performed on both a long-term and a short-term basis. The aim of the long-term experiments was to ascertain if the prolonged topical use of Phospholine Iodide or Mintacol causes permanent damage in the guinea pig lens. If no definite results were obtained within six months the aim was to investigate whether the addition of such known or suspected cataractogenic influences as x-radiation or vitamin C deficiency made the treated eyes more susceptible to cataractous changes. In a preparatory study ten male guinea pigs were treated with Phospholine Iodide. Two animals were followed up for as long as three years. During the preparatory study, bilateral lens changes developed in some of the animals. In order to ascertain whether such opacities were influenced by topical Phospholine Iodide or Mintacol, a serial test comprising 72 female guinea pigs was made. After seven months the surviving animals were divided into four groups for further study, and previous miotic treatment was continued. A group of 1 5 animals were fed on a vitamin C deficient diet until they died. Another group (18 animals) was subjected to repeated depletions of vitamin C. A third group (18 animals) was exposed to x-radiation on the head in doses of 500r or 750r. A fourth group (15 animals) served as controls. After two years the surviving animals were killed, and the eyes of the treated animals were enucleated for histological examination.


This article presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a dual-band microstrip patch antenna. The antenna is designed to operate at 3 GHz and 3.3 GHz, which are suitable bands for sub-6 GHz 5G applications. Rogers's 5880 substrate with a permittivity of 2.2 and a thickness of 1.57 millimeters (mm) is chosen for the antenna design and fabrication. The antenna model consists of a rectangular patch with three rectangular slots of different dimensions. For the feeding of the antenna, a 1 mm thick 50 Ω microstrip line is utilized. The overall size of the antenna is 50×30 mm 2. The simulation results show that the antenna exhibits a return loss of −20.6 dB at 3GHz, and −18.2 dB at 3.3 GHz, and a gain of 7.52 dBi at 3 GHz and 5dBi at 3.3 GHz. In addition, the radiation efficiency of the antenna is 97.6 % at 3 GHz and 88.5 %at 3.3 GHz. The antenna measurement results are in a reasonably good agreement with the simulation results which show that the antenna offers a gain of 4.7 dBi at 3 GHz and return loss of −22 dB at 3.05 GHz and −16 dB at 3.3 GHz. In order to show the effects of different parameters on the antenna performance, a parametric analysis is also performed which provides insightful guidelines about the antenna design and performance. Because of good results, the proposed antenna can act as a good candidate for sub-6 GHz 5G applications.


Providing route directions is a complicated interaction. Utterances are combined with gestures and pronounced with appropriate timing. This study proposes a model for a robot that generates route directions by integrating three important crucial elements: utterances, gestures, and timing. Two research questions must be answered in this modeling process. First, is it useful to let robot perform gesture even though the information conveyed by the gesture is given by utterance as well? Second, is it useful to implement the timing at which humans speaks? Many previous studies about the natural behavior of computers and robots have learned from human speakers, such as gestures and speech timing. However, our approach is different from such previous studies. We emphasized the listener's perspective. Gestures were designed based on the usefulness, although we were influenced by the basic structure of human gestures. Timing was not based on how humans speak, but modeled from how they listen. The experimental result demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach, not only for task efficiency but also for perceived naturalness.


Portland cement hydrates have been used as encapsulant/host phases in radioactive waste management. However, their phase chemistry and stability relationships are poorly defined. Therefore, on occasion, they have not performed as well as expected. As a result, their use has been mainly limited to low-level waste disposal. Since this knowledge gap existed, we had begun to investigate the crystal chemistry of the portland cement hydrates. It was our objective to identify potential hydrate host phases which were not only suitable for isolating radioactive-waste species but also inexpensive, easily processed, low-temperature materials. Initially, we were concentrating upon two areas of interest: the fixation of iodine by the calcium aluminate hydrates and the feasibility of using Stratling's compound as a host phase for cesium and strontium fixation. In both cases, a phase equilibrium study was initiated in order to identify phase relations and consequences of adding the species of interest to the system. An iodine-containing analogue of calcium monosulfoaluminate hydrate (C/sub 3/A.CaI/sub 2/.xH/sub 2/O) was identified as a possible host phase. CsOH was added to formulations in the neighborhood of Stratling's compound, in order to establish phase relations and identify the fixation ability of Stratling's compound and its associated hydrates. 11 figures,more » 9 tables.« less


Dehydration is a topic that has received much attention over the last few years. This report summarises some of the key issues about dehydration and the research that has been done in the New Zealand forest industry. Why is it important? Issues of dehydration In a healthy adult up to 70% of body weight is water – water is consumed in greater quantities than any other nutrient (Kavouras, 2002). In normal circumstances with thermally neutral conditions and available drinks, water balance (or fluid balance) is maintained easily and fluid intake (drinking) is largely behavioural. In more extreme conditions – heavy exercise or high temperatures – fluid balance is harder to maintain and dehydration can result. There is no concrete definition of dehydration although it can be quantified as the percentage of body weight lost over a day – e.g. 3% dehydrated.


In order to investigate the rates and factors of slow mass movement on a subalpine slope of Mount Halla, two painted stone lines were monitored in a bare patch at 1,710 m a.s.l. The mean movement of surface gravels is 58.2 cm, equivalent to 0.24 cm/day. However, the rates of movement vary with seasons. Compared with 0.05 cm/day of a non-frozen season, a frozen season shows 0.3 cm/day. It implies that the movement of surface gravels could be largely controlled by periglacial processes during a frozen season. In particular, frost creep including needle ice creep plays a main role in the movement of gravels under the thermal and soil conditions which are favorable for needle ice development. Since line II is located at a steeper slope than line I, the movement of line II was always larger than that of line I. However, slope gradient is not the most dominant factor contributing the movement of gravels, which can be interrupted by downslope big gravels and vegetation patches. The size and specific weight of gravels also can influence the movement of gravels. Porous and light scoriae result in relatively quick movement of gravels on the subalpine slope of Mount Halla.


SPC control chart( such as EWMA and CUSUM control chart) can be used to monitor the process mean,which especially has good sensitivity to small shift. But because these control charts for complex data could not have effective intelligent analysis and internal regularity,and no report of trend of sample points in time,this paper presents a new method for monitoring the process shift more sensitively and intelligently—based on support vector machine( SVM) analysis model,and the precision of the model makes the correlation analysis. Through the simulation,and compared with EWMA and CUSUM control chart methods,results show that the model is better than EWMA and CUSUM control charts can more timely find out trends or out of sample points.


In the middle and late period of 1990s,UNEP presented the concept of product service systems(PSSs) whose key idea is that consumers buy functionality and result from enterprises.In the last decade,the researches on PSSs have made a great progress.A PSS integrates wide-system resources,fulfills a user's need,and decreases the material flow in the course of consumption through added-service.A PSS benefits producing and living development,enterprises improvement,and environment protection.This paper intro-duces the definitions of PSS,and describes the architecture and support technologies and key technologies of PSSs.From two perspectives of the case and theory studies,the state-of-the-art of PSSs is described in detail.Finally,the future work of PSSs is pointed out.


Abstract Using aircraft flight-level data, the present work demonstrates that the kinematic and thermodynamic distributions within the eye and eyewall of strong hurricanes are observed to evolve between two distinct regimes. In the first regime, angular velocity is greatest within the eyewall and relatively depressed within the eye. In the second regime, radial profiles of angular velocity are nearly monotonic, with maxima found at the eye center. Considering sequential profiles within individual hurricanes, the authors find that the evolution of the kinematic distribution is often marked by a transition from the first regime to the second. The transition can occur in less than 1 h. Also noted during the transition are dramatic changes in the thermodynamic structure of the hurricane. Prior to the transition (regime 1), the eye is typically very warm and dry, and the equivalent potential temperature is often elevated within the eyewall and relatively depressed within the eye. After the transition (regime 2...


The concept and generation method of decision tree based on CART algorithm are introduced, the decision-tree model for the analysis of polytechnic students entrepreneurial intent factors built by using CART algorithm is given, some key rules and models of polytechnic students entrepreneurial intent are analyzed and summarized.


Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are characterized by the presence of lower extremity spasticity and weakness. They are genetically heterogeneous and are classified as pure or complicated, depending on the presence of other clinical features, one of which is peripheral neuropathy. Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 (CMT2) refers to the axonal form of hereditary motor sensory neuropathy. While HSP and CMT2 have historically been viewed as distinct entities, divided by their predilection for central vs peripheral nerve axons, their clinical and genetic overlap is becoming increasingly recognized. Multiple HSP-associated genes, including BSCL2 (SPG17), atlastin-1 (SPG3A), NIPA1 (SPG6), spastin (SPG4), and KIF5A (SPG10), cause substantial involvement of peripheral nerves.1 Mutations in a single gene may cause either HSP or CMT2. Furthermore, HSP and CMT2 share several pathomechanisms, with causative mutations in both diseases occurring in genes involved in myelination, axonal transport, membrane trafficking, cytoskeletal organization, and mitochondrial function.1


Many cannabis users say that they smoke to reduce tension. Marijuana is approved in some states for treating post-traumatic stress disorder, despite a


This article contributes to the discussion on Irish identity by considering a set of empirical data from ethnographic research carried out in Pakistani communities in Dublin. The article considers views on 'Irishness' through the lens of young second-generation Pakistani Irish men. The data presented highlight how the Celtic Tiger experience reproduced cultural and ethnic narratives of Irish identity, but simultaneously initiated a new, more civic-oriented view of 'Irishness'. Of particular concern in the minds of young Pakistani men include the secularisation of Irish society and the role that 'whiteness' plays in processes of 'othering' in Ireland. The article reveals that the current period of Irish history provides an opportunity for the Pakistani Irish to challenge some of the assumptions currently associated with Irish identity. Ultimately, the article calls for a broader understanding of Irish identity through the lens of civic national principles, which can better serve Ireland's increasingly diverse population.


As superconducting circuits grow in complexity, full transient simulation and verification at the Josephson junction level using analog circuit simulators become increasingly computationally expensive. To enable faster functional and timing verification using timing back annotation and static timing analysis, logic models of rapid single flux quantum library cells are developed using hardware description languages like Verilog together with the required timing characteristics. These include propagation delays and minimum pin-to-pin pulse arrival time separation at various process and operating corners. These timing parameters must satisfy required margins and yield using Monte Carlo simulations with statistical variations. For each library cell, these timing parameters depend not only on the adjacent cells but also on their internal states. These delay variations are driven by bias current redistribution, load inductance, and load junction critical currents. We present our methodology for extracting these timing parameters to enable timing back annotation and static timing analysis. We demonstrate our methodology with a parallel counter as a reference circuit and show that timing back annotated simulation can closely match results from full circuit simulation.


Trust and reputation mechanisms are often used in peer-to-peer networks, multi-agent systems and online communities to differentiate among members of the community as well as to recommend service providers. Although different users have different needs and expectations in different aspects of the service providers, few exiting trust models use differentiated trust values for judging different aspects of service providers. We have proposed a multi-aspect trust model where each user has two sets of trust values: 1) trust on different aspects of the quality of service providers; 2) differentiated trust on the recommendations provided by other users for each of these aspects. This trust model is used to recommend service providers in a decentralised user modelling system where agents have different preference weights in three different criteria of service providers. The paper focuses on the evaluation of the approach via a simulation on a large real social network. The results show that the trust model allows agents to learn from experience to find good service providers by using recommendations from their friends and that the model is robust with respect to colluding malicious agents.


This article analyses two sixteenth-century lyrics (referred to as metaphysical) from the collection of John Donne's Songs and Sonnets – "The triple Foole" and "The Apparition" – by means of methods proposed by transgeneric narratology. The author highlights those aspects of Donne's poems which reveal the features of the narrative text as well as those of the dramatic text, thus pointing to their multigeneric and multifaceted character. The method adopted results in the recognition of chains of happenings triggered by the text in specifi c manners as well as levels of text-internal communication and distinct perspectives, with the role of the reader in the management of these


Analysis of Financial Condition of Radio Opole (2010-2013) The basis activity ofmedia, both public service and private is the realization of two functions: social mission and commercial. At this dualism, of which writes Robert Picard, is imposedin Polandorganizationaldualism associated with legallocation ofthe public broadcaster. On the one hand, public media imposed is the realization of specific tasks, called the mission of public media, and other public media operate as commercial companies. The situation is further complicated by the method of funding public media, where the income from the license fee only partially sufficient to cover the roles that public media imposes Polish legislator. This article is an analysis of the financial situation of one of the regional public radio stations - Radio Opole and also the voice in the debate calling for systemic change in the financing of public media in Poland.


In one aspect, the invention relates to chemical modulators of insect olfactory receptors. In particular, compounds and compositions are provided that can inhibit sensory (e.g., host targeting) functions in airborne insects such as mosquitos. Method of employing such agents, and articles incorporating the same, are also provided. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.


OBJECTIVE
To study the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 3p in thyroid tumors.

METHODS
LOH at 11 microsatellite loci was analyzed in 74 cases of thyroid tumors (including 20 follicular adenomas, 24 follicular thyroid carcinomas and 30 papillary thyroid carcinomas) by polymerase chain reaction and silver stain.

RESULTS
LOH on chromosome 3p was detected in 71% of follicular thyroid carcinoma (17/24), 30% of the papillary thyroid carcinoma (9/30) and 10% of the follicular adenoma (2/20) case. Two minimal common deleted regions (CDR) (3p26-pter and 3p14.2-3p22) involving significant sites of LOH has identified in follicular thyroid carcinoma. There was also one CDR (3p25. 2-26.1) in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

CONCLUSIONS
LOH is more frequently identified in follicular thyroid carcinoma than in papillary thyroid carcinoma and follicular adenoma. The 3 CDR on chromosome 3p may harbor tumor suppressor genes involved in the pathogenesis of follicular thyroid carcinoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma.


Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) recognize foreign antigens as short peptides presented by class I molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). T2 cells are profoundly defective in the presentation of endogenously synthesized antigens to CTL due to a deletion of MHC class II‐encoded genes for transporters associated with antigen presentation (TAP1/TAP2). Surprisingly, we here demonstrate that T2 cells, after infection with Sendai virus, are readily killed by H‐2Kb restricted CD8+ T cells. In contrast to classical class I‐mediated antigen presentation, the presentation of Sendai virus antigen inT2Kb cells is brefeldin A (BFA) insensitive. The present findings may suggest the presence of an alternative pathway for MHC class I‐mediated antigen presentation in T2 cells.


Digital wheat grain classification systems are primarily based on kernel image and texture features. These traits are highly environment-dependent, so sample-to-sample variation may affect results of grain classification, grading, or discrimination. The main aim of this study was to determine the intra-cultivar variation of wheat kernel size, shape, colour, endosperm hardness and selected chemical compounds (carotenoids, phlobaphenes and proteins) associated with kernel colour. In the study, four winter bread wheat cultivars: two self-pollinated 'Bogatka' and 'Batuta' and two hybrid cultivars 'Hybred' and 'Hymack' were grown in different environments (extensive and intensive cultivation regimes, and three growing locations) to create variation in the kernel image, hardness and chemical compounds to simulate the range of variations encountered in reality. Measurements of kernel colour and dimensions were conducted using digital image analysis, hardness and protein content were analysed using nearinfrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy, while carotenoids and phlobaphenes were examined using colorimetric assays. The results showed that kernel dimensions and shape were highly intra-cultivar constant, with the highest variation of thickness (up to 7.59%) and volume (up to 10.10%). Surface colour was also relatively constant, with saturation as the most variable feature (up to 11.44%). In contrast, endosperm colour revealing an approx. 2–3-fold higher variation of colour attributes than surface colour, and the highest variation was observed in the case of saturation of the colour (up to 19.67%). Among the tested chemical compounds, carotenoids were the least intra-cultivar variable (up to 14.39%), while phlobaphenes the most intra-cultivar variable (up to 31.87%). Grain hardness was the most intra-cultivar variable feature of the tested grain samples and reached the highest value of 49.02% for cultivar 'Hymack'. The genotype had the greatest effect on kernel colour (up to 50.49% of the source of variation) and carotenoids (52.97%). The environment affected mostly the grain proteins (82.20%) and hardness (72.61%).