We report an unusual case of secondary lymphoedema of the lower extremities as a result of injections of liquid silicone. A 30-year-old transsexual had received large-volume injections of silicone in the hips and buttocks for cosmetic purposes in order to obtain a female body form. Painful silicone granulomas developed in both the treated areas and areas outside the original injection location, and a progressive lymphoedema of feet and legs developed during a period of 5 years.


This paper discusses how fiscal policy can help foster more inclusive growth in developing Asia. On average, government expenditures in developing Asia are higher, as a share of gross domestic product, than those in Latin America and the Caribbean. Relative to Latin America, developing Asia spends more on social benefits, but less on education and health. While general government revenues have risen since 2000, they are still not sufficient to fully fund targeted transfer programs and provide adequate in-kind benefits to the population. Against this background, this paper discusses priorities for policy reforms as countries in the region seek more inclusiveness and confront the effects of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The paper finds that eliminating inefficiencies in health, education, and public investment, for example, would generate the equivalent of 3% of gross domestic product. Savings from curtailing subsidies for fossil fuels would also generate resources for expanding redistributive spending. Reallocating health spending toward primary care, and education spending toward primary and secondary education, would help lead to more equitable growth. There is also scope to raise spending on social benefits and better target them to the poor. JEL Codes H5, H11, I124, I140, I138 1 We wish to thank Steven Sheffrin and participants of the Asian Development Bank workshop on Strengthening Taxes for Sustainable Development held during November 9-10, 2021, for helpful comments on an earlier version of the paper. We are grateful to Zoe Venter for excellent research assistance. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of their employers. Any remaining errors are the authors ́ sole responsibility.


This article proposes a reading of the unknown writings of Miguel Cane. The tension between the written, but never been published novels and his known fragmentary texts, make it possible to change Cane's figure as a writer and as a cultural arbiter. The material evidence in the archive makes it possible to rethink a conception of author and work, richer than the classic characterization of Cane's writings.


The objective of this study was to determine whether Brachystegia spiciformis Benth. (Leguminosae – Caesalpinoideae), one of the dominants of dry miombo woodland in Zimbabwe, forms annual growth rings. In the past the production of effective cutting rotations and sound management plans for native miombo woodland in southern Africa has been hindered by the difficulty in determining the ages of the trees, and therefore their growth rates, because it was assumed that tropical trees did not form annual rings. This research indicates that B. spiciformis does form annual rings, made up of xylem cells terminated (or marked) by a narrow band of marginal axial parenchyma cells, even in dry years. The rings may sometimes be associated with a darkening of the xylem due to the production of flatter and thicker fibres, but the darker bands are not always produced at the end of the growing season as they would be in temperate species and may also be present at the beginning of the new season. Only in particularly wet or dry years do the changes in the width of the annual rings correspond closely with fluctuations in mean annual rainfall. These results provide a means to estimate the age and annual increment of this species, which will enable woodland managers to predict future yields more accurately and monitor of the effects of management on tree growth.


When formed by coevaporation, copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) films are typically more smooth than those formed by a two-step, precursor-selenization process. While some amount of roughness is desirable for minimizing reflection, extreme roughness or very sharp features can create a challenge in sputtering uniform, thin, transparent conductive oxide layers on top of the cell. NuvoSun, Inc. has determined that the surface roughness of the CIGS layer can be controlled by the initial temperature at which the CIGS precursor (PC) film is first exposed to a selenium flux during selenization. The resulting CIGS films are similar in roughness to coevaporated CIGS films, and the TCO layers on these smoother devices have fewer cracks and defects.


Abstract The effects of solar heating at a variety of solar zenith angles (Θo) on the vapor depositional growth of cloud drops, and hence the potential for collection enhancement, is investigated. A large eddy simulation (LES) model is used to predict the evolution of marine stratocumulus clouds subject to changes in Θo. During the course of each simulation, LES output is stored for 600 parcel trajectories and is used to drive an offline microphysical model that includes the influence of radiation on drop growth. Smaller Θo, such as when the sun is overhead, provide strong solar heating, which tends to confine circulations to the cloud layer and leads to long in-cloud residence times for cloud drops. At larger Θo, when solar heating is weak, circulations are stronger and penetrate through the depth of the boundary layer, which causes much shorter in-cloud residence times for cloud drops. Simulations show that this leads to a more rapid collection process in strongly, as compared to weakly solar-heated clo...


KLOOSTERMAN R. C. (1996) Double Dutch: polarization trends in Amsterdam and Rotterdam after 1980, Reg. Studies 30, 467–476. The current changes in the economic base of advanced cities – i.e. the expansion of producer and consumer services on the one hand, and the contraction of manufacturing on the other – are supposed to generate a notable polarization among the urban workforces. Here, this polarization thesis is tested for the two largest Dutch cities, Amsterdam and Rotterdam. It is shown that although polarization has indeed occurred, this thesis fails to identify correctly the driving forces behind this polarization. Postindustrial polarization is not so much a product of changes in the sectoral composition as of shifts in the earnings distribution within these sectors. KLOOSTERMAN R. C. (1996) Voir double: la tendance a la polarisation a Amsterdam et a Rotterdam, Reg. Studies 30, 467–476. La mutation actuelle de la base economique des grandes villes developpees – a savoir, d'un cote l'elargissement d...


Novel nanobar Pt/ZnO thin films were prepared by the sol-gel technique associated with spin coating onto glass substrates. The as-prepared samples were annealed and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis). The results indicate that the Pt/ZnO thin films consist of nanobars with diameters about 58 nm. By increasing the annealing temperature from 723 K to 823K, nanobar is converted to polycrystalline with a hexagonal wurtzite structure with diameters about 75 nm.


Background:  Peanut allergen Ara h 3 has been the subject of investigation for the last few years. The reported data strongly depend on recombinant Ara h 3, since a purification protocol for Ara h 3 from peanuts was not available.


The Debye screening masses of the sigma, omega and neutral rho mesons and the photon are calculated in the relativistic mean-field approximation. As the density of the nucleon increases, all the screening masses of mesons increase. A different result with Brown-Rho scaling is shown, which implies a reduction in the mass of all the mesons in the nuclear matter, except the pion. Replacing the masses of the mesons with their corresponding screening masses in the Walecka-1 model, five saturation properties of the nuclear matter are fixed reasonably, and then a density-dependent relativistic mean-field model is proposed without introducing the nonlinear self-coupling terms of mesons.


The invention belongs to the technical field of micro-electro mechanic systems (MEMS), and relates to a piezoelectricity driven capacitance detecting two-axis gyroscope. According to the invention, a lower surface of a gyroscope oscillator with a shape of a round disc, a wheel spoke or a honeycomb is connected to a supporting cylinder. The other end of the supporting cylinder is fixed on a lower pole plate. The lower pole plate is fixed on a carrier. An upper pole plate signal detecting electrode is positioned on a lower end surface of the upper pole plate. A lower pole plate signal detectingelectrode is positioned on an upper end surface of the lower pole plate. The upper pole plate, the lower pole plate and the gyroscope oscillator are assembled, and differential capacitance is formed for detecting output signals. According to the invention, a special modality of a round disc, a wheel spoke or a honeycomb shape is adopted in the gyroscope oscillator, the detection is driven by piezoelectricity effect, and the detection is carried out by using capacitance. Therefore, angular velocities parallel to the upper and the lower surfaces of the gyroscope oscillator can be sensitively detected. According to the invention, with an MEMS micromachining technology, two-axis detection can be realized, the machining technology is easy to realize, the reliability is high, the energy consumption is low, the impact resistance is high, and the gyroscope can operate well in severe environments.


Many clubroot resistant (CR) cultivars of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) have been bred so far, but their usage is limited because the capacity for resistance breaks down with time. This degradation is caused by a pathogenic variation in the causal fungus Plasmodiophora brassicae. We attempted to accumulate 3 CR genes, CRa, CRk, and CRc, through marker-assisted selection. Five doubled haploid CR lines with an individual CR locus were used as breeding materials. The CR lines were crossed with each other. A subsequent selection for resistance was performed using sequence characterized amplified region markers in segregating generations. As a result, 4 homozygous lines for 3 resistance genes and the F1 hybrids between them were developed. CR pyramiding lines were inoculated with 6 field isolates of P. brassicae. The homozygous lines for 3 CR genes, whether selfed or crossed, exhibited exceedingly high resistance against all of the isolates. Morphological characters of F1 hybrids were comparable to those of a control cultivar, but the degree of heterosis was less than expected, which is probably because of genetic similarity of the parents. The results of this study prove that clubroot resistance can be reinforced through the accumulation of varied resistance genes in B. rapa.


This isa well written volume of 179 pages and is worthy of its place among "The Century Bible Handbooks." The specific purpose of the author is to present the New Testament Doctrines of Man, Sin and Salvation. In order, however, to achieve this result he sketches these doctrines, as they are presented in the Old Testament and Inter-biblical literature, and then enlarges upon them when he comes to the treating of the New Testament upon the subjects. His position in regard to the historical reconstruction of the Old Testament identifies the author with critics of the mediating type, while his interpretation of Christ's doctrine of the atonement allies him with the conservatively orthodox. He does not see any direct reference to Christ's death in the 53rd Chapter of Isaiah, only the ethical value of the suffering of the people of J ehovah. Yet, he sees in the sacrifice of Christ not only moral influence but vicatious and substitutionary atonement. Christ gave Himself a ransom fur, instead of, many. He considers the speeches of Peter in the Acts, the Theology of Paul, the Pastoral Epistles, 1. Peter, Hebrews, the Apocalypse, the Epistles of James, Jude and II. Peter, and the Gospel and Epistles of John, as they present the various aspects of Man, Sin and Ell.lvation. It would be difficult to ,find more expressed in the same space than the author presents in this timely volume. B. H. DEMENT.


PURPOSE: Provided are mixed liquid of fermented apple, grape and japanese apricot and a method for manufacturing laver using it and hardwood charcoal. Therefore, the manufactured laver contains rich nutrients and has a savory taste. CONSTITUTION: A method for manufacturing mixed liquid of fermented apple, grape and japanese apricot comprises the steps of: dipping apple, grape, and japanese apricot individually in diluted vinegar prepared by mixing vinegar(6%) and water in a mixing ratio of 1:200; dividing the apple into 4, removing a seed from the japanese apricot, and mixing them with the grape; crushing the mixture and inserting the crushed mixture with 80-100 wt.% of brown sugar, based on the total weight of the mixture, in a pot; inoculating 0.5-0.6 wt.% of yeast to the mixture and fermenting it at normal temperature for 50-60 days under the semi-anaerobic condition with covering it with a lid; opening the lid and fermenting the mixture at normal temperature for 2-3 months under the aerobic condition; and filtering the fermented mixture and aging it in the shade for 3-5 months.


Aim:  To study the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the correlation between exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), airway responsiveness, airway obstruction, and serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE).


The aims of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic value of intracoronary electrocardiogram (ECG) and presence of angina pectoris during percutaneous coronary interventions in the prediction of myocardial viability assessed by low‐dose dobutamine echocardiography (LDDE). Seventy‐one patients (60 men; mean age, 54 ± 11 years) with recent Q‐wave MI and angiographically documented regional wall motion abnormality in the presence of a significant (≥ 70%) nonocclusive stenosis of the infarct‐related vessel who were referred for angioplasty were prospectively included in the study. The intracoronary ECG was recorded using coronary angioplasty guidewire. Significant ST segment elevation was defined as a new or worsening ST segment elevation of ≥ 0.1 mV at 80 msec after the J‐point. Angina pectoris was noted as present or absent during balloon inflation. All patients underwent LDDE for viability assessment. Significant ST segment elevation in the intracoronary ECG and chest pain were observed in 56 (78.9%) and 49 (69%) of the 71 patients. Viability was present on LDDE in 52 (92.9%) of 56 patients with and 3 (20%) of 15 without ST segment elevation. Viability was detected in 45 (91.8%) of 49 patients with and 10 (45.4%) of 22 without angina pectoris during balloon occlusion. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of ST segment elevation for viability were 94.5%, 75%, 92.9%, 80%, and 90.1%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of angina pectoris for viability were 81.8%, 75%, 91.8%, 54.5%, and 80.3%, respectively. The present study demonstrated that a simple assessment of ST segment elevation in the intracoronary ECG or angina pectoris during coronary angioplasty can be used to assess myocardial viability identified by LDDE in patients with previous MI. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2003;60:469–476. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Importance The article considers the financial condition of road building in the Russian Federation and Irkutsk region. The paper deals with the problems of creating a network of public roads with sufficient length and quality of the road surface, that is relevant in the present. Objectives The aim of the paper is to offer ways to finance road infrastructure development, using a case of the Irkutsk region; in particular, using such a model of public-private partnership as "design-build-finance-operate" (DBFO). Methods The study examined the economic and statistical information, reviewing the state-of-the-art finance roads, problems of development of road industry of the Russian Federation, as well as the advantages of public-private partnerships for commercial and public financial sectors and the economy as a whole. Results The study grounds the introduction of a DBFO model of public-private partnership in the road economy of the Irkutsk region. Conclusions and Relevance The paper concludes that the conditions for the development of international cooperation with China at the expense of modern financial management mechanisms of the road sector and public-private partnerships will help make public roads of the needed length. Active use of public-private partnerships will also enable more efficient spending budgets at all levels of the budget system of the Russian Federation, and creating incentives for the development of long-term lending of the road branch companies.


This paper analyses the impact of the FTAA creation and the deepening of Mercosul on trade flows, GDP and welfare in Brazil and its Mercosur partners based on a computable general equilibrium model from the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP). The first simulation examines the economic effects of the FTAA formation between 1995 (initial equilibrium) and 2016 (year of consolidation of the bloc) supposing the establishment of a Free Trade Area in 2016. The second simulation analyses the effects of the establishment of Mercosul's common external tariff (CET) in 2006. Brazil benefits from both scenarios with regards to welfare gains, with FTAA formation bringing benefits marginally higher than the deepening of Mercosul.


Books reviewed:

Assessment Clear and Simple: A Practical Guide for Institutions, Departments, and General Education. By Barbara E. Walvoord. San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 2004. xiii + 144 pages. ISBN 0-7879-7311-4.


The object of this paper is twofold: in the first place, to classify and sytematise vector differential equations; and in the second place, to show the applicability of quaternions to the theory of differential equations. So far as I am aware, the only paper of importance on the subject is one by Tait. He, however, deals only with simple cases. In the classification of forms I have followed in general the treatment adopted by Forsyth. Reference will also occasionally be made to Jordan. In what follows the order of the highest occurring differential coefficient will be called the rank of the equation; while the order of the equation will be used, as usual, to denote the order of the equivalent normal system.


Directions in Educational Psychology has been compiled to pay tribute to Professor Dennis Child of the University of Leeds. The book is divided into four sections: Teaching, learning and learning how to teach, Measurement and assessment, Children with special educational needs and Moving into the world of work.


One of the most important problems in the Construction industry is delay. Delays occur in every construction project and the magnitude of these delays varies considerably from project to project. Some projects are only a few days behind the schedule; some are delayed over a year. So it is essential to define the actual causes of delay in order to minimize and avoid the delays in any construction project. There is a wide range of views for the causes of time delays for engineering and construction projects. Some are attributable to a single party, others can be ascribed to several quarters and many relate more to systemic faults or deficiencies rather than to a group or groups. The successful execution of construction projects and keeping them within estimated cost and prescribed schedules Inadequate or weak preparatory work before starting construction of any structure may cause serious problems during the construction period. Consequently, the cost of construction increases digressively, the construction duration of the project extends and the quality of construction is affected adversely. The necessity of construction schedules in achieving the aim of producing good quality construction work within the specified duration. Monitoring continuously the interactive relation concerning delays in construction schedules and contractor demands is a complicated process.. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of construction schedule delays and the methods of schedule delay analyses. In the present study construction project of forum sujana mall in Hyderabad has been selected as a case study for analyzing project scheduling and time delays. The "Time Impact Analysis Method" (TIA) has been applied to the study, PRIMAVERA® software in used to determine the construction schedule delay and also to measure the impacts of these delays on the project completion duration; and to allocate responsibility amongst the project participants for preventing delay claims.


My research interests are in machine learning and its applications in computational biology. Machine learning is the branch of computer science that is concerned with recognizing patterns in data sets and using this new knowledge to characterize new data. Computational biology is the study of developing algorithms to solve important problems in biological domains. The subject of my doctoral research has been the study of high-dimensional time series data, such as the expression levels of genes as they vary over time. (These expression values represent the "activity levels" of the genes in a cell which vary due to external stimuli, circadian rhythms, developmental stages, etc.) I ask two questions. First, given two such high-dimensional time series, what is the best way to align them so that similarities are made apparent? Second, given a database of labeled examples and an unlabeled query, which label should be assigned to the query? In pursuing answers to these questions, I have developed methods to interpolate missing data, to align accurately and quickly, and to simultaneously cluster and calculate independent alignments for each cluster.


In the Fall of 2018, North Carolina Central University (NCCU) joined with thirteen other institutions to participate in an Ithaka S+R study to understand Business instructors' undergraduate teaching processes towards developing resources and services to support them in their work. Ithaka S+R in a not-for-profit organization that "helps academic and cultural communities serve the public good and navigate economic, technological, and demographic change" (Ithaka S+R, 2015). Ithaka S+R "works with leaders in higher education, academic libraries, foundations, and publishers to research, evaluate, and provide strategic guidance in a range of areas" such as: student success, access to higher education, diversity, and research and teaching practices, and more (Ithaka S+R, 2018).This report will outline the pedagogical practices of School of Business instructors at North Carolina Central University. The goal of this study is to understand Business instructors undergraduate teaching process towards developing resources and services at North Carolina Central University and how the librarians at the James E. Shepard Memorial Library can support their work.


Electric propulsion system and method of satellite radiated electromagnetic compatibility verification, the system is first advanced by the EMC radiation interference test receiver electrical connector to test plasma thruster, and then using an ion thruster dummy load instead of the ion thruster, connected to the test load of the plasma thruster radiation interference electric propulsion system, in which case the connection should ensure that the analog electrical load plasma thruster propulsion system interference generated by the full frequency less than the ion thruster is electrically connected to the propulsion system generated interference. Then connect the analog electrical load plasma thruster propulsion system mounted on a satellite, the satellite will be transported into the darkroom, the analog electrical transmitters before EMC interference by the test connector plasma thruster propulsion radiation interference system, the interference to the satellite transmitter , satellites of performance testing device, to examine whether the victim, to verify the electric propulsion system and EMC radiation satellites. The method of the present invention is low cost, simple, easy to implement.


Combustion supports which optimize a porous radiant burner are identified using a material selection approach. The optimization requirements account for the environmental aspect such as lower pollution. It was shown that high porosity metallic materials such as FeCrAlY foam, is always preferable in terms of pollution. From the viewpoint of thermal efficiency, metallic foams are better at high in-flux while Mullite foam takes over at low in-flux.


In this work we propose a technique for 15-minutes cumulative rainfall mapping, applied over Tuscany, using Italian weather radar networks together with the regional rain gauge network. In order to assess the accuracy of the radar-based rainfall estimates, we have compared them with spatial coincident rain gauge measurements. Precipitation at ground is our target observable: rain gauge measurements of such parameter have a so small error that we consider it negligible (especially if compared from what retrievable from radars). In order to make comparable the observations given from these two types of sensors, we have collected cumulative rainfall over areas a few tens of kilometres wide. The method used to spatialise rain gauges data has been the Ordinary Block Kriging. In this case the comparison results have shown a good correlation between the cumulative rainfall obtained from the rain gauges and those obtained by the radar measurements. Such results are encouraging in the perspective of using the radar observations for near real time cumulative rainfall nowcasting purposes. In addition the joint use of satellite instruments as SEVIRI sensors on board of MSG-3 satellite can add relevant information on the nature, spatial distribution and temporal evolution of cloudiness over the area under study. For this issue we will analyse several MSG-3 channel images, which are related to cloud physical characteristics or ground features in case of clear sky.


To study the enigmatic role of cytochrome b5 in a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase multienzyme system, we expressed and purified a photoreactive analogue of cytochrome b5, having methionine residues substituted with photolabile diazirine derivatives (photo-cyt b5). An equimolar mixture of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B4 and photo-cyt b5 was photolyzed and products separated using SDSPAGE. Several oligomers composed of CYP2B4 and cyt b5 (MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry) in 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 molar ratios have been found and their covalent nature confirmed by MALDITOF/TOF mass spectrometry of chymotryptic peptides. The amount of oligomers formed was markedly increased by the presence of the CYP2B4 substrate, diamantane, showing that the substrate binding increases the affinity between cytochromes P450 and b5.


Abstract In the present study, attempts are made to incorporate silver nano particles into Ti metal by chemical treatment where first the Ti metals are treated with H2O2 or NaOH solution separately and then in AgNO3 solution. SEM and TEM results showed that fine nano network structures were uniformly formed by both the H2O2 and NaOH treatment. Raman result confirmed these networks to be hydrated Ti and sodium hydrogen titanate respectively. Therefore, formed nano network structures were successfully incorporated with silver nano particles of 5–10 nm in size by the subsequent AgNO3 solution. Electrochemical studies showed high corrosion resistance of Ag incorporated Ti metal compared to H2O2 or NaOH treated Ti metals. Antibacterial study of Ti metal subjected to both H2O2–AgNO3 and NaOH–AgNO3 showed zone of inhibition in Staphylococcus aureus compared to only NaOH or H2O2 or untreated specimens. Steady release of silver ions from thus treated Ti metals into simulated body fluid as measured by AAS coupled with good corrosion resistance property suggests this method to be useful in various biomedical implants.


Campbell's surge and decline and Kernell's negative voting theories have been employed most frequently by researchers who seek to explain the invariable pattern of administration party vote loss in midterm House elections. Despite the original emphasis placed on voting as the act of selecting jointly from among the three options of abstention, Democratic choice, or Republican choice, all efforts to corroborate the theories have inappropriately treated the decisions of whether and how to vote as independent questions for investigation. Applying the more suitable technique of nested multinomial logit analysis, I find little support for negative voting's two key contentions that negative presidential evaluations hurt White House party candidates more than positive appraisals help, or that the president's backers have disproportionately low turnout; however, a "rational" basis for abstention emerges that differs from the one postulated by negative voting. In contrast, on-year defections to presidential party candidates by regular voters who normally favor the opposition do seem a cause of the biennial electoral cycle, as surge and decline indeed would have us to believe.


24/7 Access to computers, printers, scanners, photocopiers and more at the Ourimbah Library Wireless connection for personal laptops and devices,


We propose a new approach to obtain the solutions of HJB equations. Firstly, based on a simple but unique idea, we transform the conventional HJB equations into the virtual-time HJB equations (VTHJB). As the virtual time goes by, the solution of the VT-HJB equations becomes that of the conventional ones. Then, we solve the VT-HJB equations with respect to the virtual time by means of existing differential equation solvers. Lastly, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our method through numeric experiments with linear and nonlinear control problems.


The node mobility models have an important influence on the topology of Mobile Ad hoc Networks(MANET),thus only the studies that under reasonable node mobility model are trusty.This paper generates the entity model,group model and area restricted model through expanding the NS2 and analyzes them in physical aspect and routing aspect.It shows that different mobility models have obvious different affection on the routing protocol.It is very useful in evaluating and studying routing protocol in MANET.


A kind of alkyl oxidation amine with cationic and the nonionic characteristics was synthesized.The optimal process parameters were as follows: mol ratio of Hydrogen peroxide and alkyl tertiary amine was 1.1~1.15,reaction temperature was 70~75℃,composite catalyst dosage was 0.10%~0.15%,reaction time was 5~6 h.Then the environmentally friendly ALD fur levelling agent was obtained,which mixed alkyl oxidation amine,Fatty Amine Polyoxyethylene Ether,fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and other auxiliaries.Furthermore,the raw material did not contain alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether(APEO) series of ingredients,in line with the green environmental protection concept.The comprehensive properties of this product meet or exceed the level of imported products.


Pompe disease results from gene mutations in GAA ‐ an enzyme necessary to degrade lysosomal glycogen. Hypoventilation is a hallmark feature historically attributed to Pompe‐associated muscle pathology but the contribution of brain to this deficit is unclear. In ongoing experiments, we are using a Cre‐Lox recombination approach to knockout (KO) the GAA gene in medullary respiratory neurons while leaving somatic muscle expression unaltered. AAV vectors driving Cre recombinase were injected into the ventrolateral medulla of C57Bl/6 mice in which exons 4‐8 of the GAA gene were floxed with loxP sites. Whole body plethysmography was used to assess breathing patterns at 1‐2 months post‐injection during baseline (21% O2) and respiratory challenge (7% CO2, 21% O2). During baseline conditions at 2 months, AAV‐Cre injected mice had increased ventilation compared to saline injected mice (P<0.05). However, during respiratory challenge at 2 months, the AAV‐Cre group had a reduced ventilatory response (P<0.05). These preliminary results demonstrate that medullary GAA KO can alter breathing. Our working hypothesis is that neuronal glycogen accumulation leads to dysfunction in medullary networks, and the increased baseline breathing indicates a compensatory response to ongoing neuropathology. The blunted hypercapnic ventilatory response may reflect an inability to fully compensate for the ongoing neuropathology.


Interferometric measurements of the chirality-induced biaxiality in the vicinity of the uniaxial-to-biaxial cholesteric transition of the lyotropic system potassium laurate, decylammonium chloride, H[sub 2]O, and brucine sulfate are reported. The mean-field approach to describe the cholesteric-to-cholesteric transition allows an estimate of the ratio between coefficients of the Landau expansion. The values of the bare correlation length, [xi][sub 0][similar to]1000 A, calculated are larger than in lyotropic systems with alcohol. The chirality-induced biaxiality measurements in the limit of zero elastic field ([ital q][sup 2]=0) and the birefringence measurements in the nematic phase confirm critical properties of the uniaxial-to-biaxial nematic transition. The critical exponents for the order parameter ([beta]) and the susceptibility ([gamma]) are in good agreement with the values calculated for the [ital XY] model.


Management Studies would much rather deal with success than failure. Its treatment of failure is consequently peremptory, defining failure in simple, financial terms. Yet, failure is complex. This paper looks in detail at the case of the National Centre for Popular Music in Sheffield, England. Though the Centre was an unmitigated disaster, individual managers were still able to interpret the part each played as successful. Why was the project outcome so much less than the sum of these individual parts? The dynamics of failure are intriguing. Understanding them would seem to be essential to understanding what brings about success.


This paper introduced a computational method of a liquid fuel ramjet engine performance,computed a ramjet engine performance,and analyzed the influence of design parameters on engine per-formance.The computational method can be used for the parameter selection and performance analysis of liquid fuel ramjet engine in the concept phase.


�� Seven local fungal isolates of Pyricularia grisea w ere purified from infected rice leaves. The total proteins were extracted and SDS-PAGE was carr ied out to differentiate between the expression of proteins in infected and healthy plan ts. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed the accumulation of ~35-kDa chitinase after 16, 20, 24 and 48 hr (hours post inoculation). Rice chitinase gene (1.023 bp) was successfully amplifie d from the total RNA extracted from infected rice using RT-PCR. The amplified fragment was clone d and overexpressed in E. coli BL21 cells as 6x-His- fusion protein. Recombinant chitinase fusio n protein was successfully purified using NiNTA affinity column chromatography. Two chitinase aassays against P. grisea were carried by the filter disc and the dissimilar concentration s plates method. The results indicated that the expressed chitinase protein had an antifungal activ ity against P. grisea.


................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................... iv LIST of TABLES ........................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................... xv


In 2010, the department of disaster prevention and mitigation, Thailand reported that during 2006 – 2010 the statistics of fire in temples, schools and offices was increasing every year. Only in 2010, there was 80 cases. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of the students in thirty two elementary schools toward fire prevention. Verbal consent was taken from the students who were willing to participate in the study. Six hundred and thirty students were 359 female, 266 male and 5 not identified. The mean of age of the studied subjects was 11.09±1.07 and ranged from 6 to 13 years. These students completed questionnaire which was designed by the researchers and evaluated by the institute members of occupational health and safety department. The content validity of item-objective congruence index (IOC) is 0.83 which means the consistent questions with the objectives. The collection data were analyzed by 2-independent samples test and Pearson Chi-square (p DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2013.v3n7p288


The idea of a numerical vector representation (NVR) of a physical property of a crystal, introduced in a previous paper [Fumi & Ripamonti (1980). Acta Cryst. A36, 535-551], is a convenient way to account for its rotational invariance properties. The main advantages of the NVR are the possibility of dealing with single invariance relations independently from the others and the direct display of the simplest features of the invariance relations (vanishing of components, equalities or proportionalities among components, independence of components and 'form invariance' with respect to interchange of components). The NVR also provides a direct-expansion method of the set of tensor components of a crystal property in terms of a minimal subset. A simple rule is reported for obtaining a NVR of any given tensorial set (i.e. a set of given rank and rotational and permutational symmetry) in the axial rotational groups. The use of the NVR in establishing general results such as isomorphisms between tensorial sets is also illustrated. Finally, a few examples are reported of NVR's for high-rank tensorial sets in axial rotational groups (specifically the second-order piezoelectric tensor, the second-order Pockels elastooptic tensor and the fourth-order elastic tensor).


Using individual business surveys, this study examines the most important factors for firms' decisions to relocate or expand in the past as well as their intention to relocate or expand in the future. Results indicate that factors related to firms' internal characteristics, features of location sites, and the general economic environment may affect firms' past and future decisions. These factors are found to be generally consistent in their impact upon the past and future decisions with several noticeable differences. The hypothesis of footloose firms is supported by this study.


The microseismic monitoring data have low signal-to-noise ratio and contain lots of noise with different characteristics.The location accuracy of the microseismic event depends on the signal-to-noise ratio of microseismic monitoring data.In microseismic monitoring data processing,it is very important to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The improved S transform,which has high time-frequency solution,is useful for microseismic monitoring data.Microseismic events can be better processed in time-frequency spectrum than in conventional Fourier transform.Based on the fine focus in time-frequency domain and flexible window function choice of improved S transform,the authors designed a 2D time variable time-frequency filter,which was used to process micro-seismic monitoring data.The combined signal and field micro-seismic monitoring data demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the method.


Explained how Sir Richard's contribution to a 1950 smoking-related lung cancer study which changed altitudes to smoking. An article about his death appeared on BBC news Online (http://news.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1218554.stm) on the same day of my interview


Chromosomal Abnormalities in the Habitual Abortion Mitsuru INOUE1), Mutsuko OZOKO1), Takako KOBAYASHI1), Syuukou YAMADATE1), Ken MATSUMOTO2), Atsushi SATOMURA2), Tatsuo YAMAMOTO3) and Tomohiro NAKAYAMA1, 2) 1)Division of Laboratory Medicine, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital 2)Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine 3)Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nihon University School of Medicine Couples that exhibit balanced translocation represent 2~5% of all cases of habitual abortion. Balanced translocation does not have any effect on phenotypic features. However, balanced translocation likely causes the formation of an unbalanced gamete during meiosis, resulting in abortion. Although reciprocal translocation and Robertsonian translocation are both categorized as balanced translocation events, the two have different impacts on the rate of successful pregnancy with live infants. Chromosomal karyotype analysis provides important personal information, and is a potent predictor of the patient's outcome. In this study, we attempted to clarify the background of chromosomal abnormalities, which were observed as the etiologic examinations for habitual abortion from 2001 to 2010 in Nihon University Itabashi Hospital. We identified 12 normal variants and 9 balanced translocation events in 401 patients. Of 8 patients with reciprocal translocation, 3 patients were male and 5 were female. One patient with Robertsonian translocation was female. Females could be more likely to exhibit balanced translocation than males. Since only one case of Robertsonian translocation was found among the balanced translocation events, it might be difficult for patients with reciprocal translocation to produce live infants. We must carefully consider the comprehensive management of translocation carriers, including genetic counseling.


Were studied the mechanisms of immunological disorders in 37 women with ovarian cancer in the process of cycle chemotherapy (CT). It is shown that the inclusion of OT imunofan (treatment group) has improved the immunological reactivity, contributed to increasing the total volume of specific therapy. Completeness of cycle chemotherapy in the study group was 94.7%, in the comparison group 72.2%.


hospital for rectal bleeding and dark stool for two days. Vitals included a heart rate of 90-120 bpm, blood pressure 90-140 over 50-60 mmHg. A left thyroid nodule was appreciated on physical exam. His pertinent labs included TSH, free T3 and T4 levels that were 0.033 mU/L (low), 3.33 mU/L and 1.33 mU/L (both within normal limits) respectively. A TSH done 3 days later was low (0.024). Thyroid peroxidase antibody and TSH receptor antibody were negative. EKG on admission revealed new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) with a ventricular response of 99. Neck ultrasound confirmed the physical exam finding of a calcified nodule on left inferior lobe of thyroid corresponding to a cold nodule on radioactive upCase Presentation


Fluid mixing is one of the important ore-forming processes for hydrothermal mineralization. A common hypothesis envisages hot metal-bearing fluids entering rocks that contain brines derived from paleo-seawater. Upwelling of pressurized hydrothermal fluids may occur along permeable faults or fracture systems along fluid pressure gradients. When the upwellingand pore fluids mix, the conditions for ore-precipitation are met for instance by varying pH, temperature, or redoxconditions. This would be reflected best by changes in the saturation states of the respective mineral phases.


Objective Through the discussing of the use of mobile phone emergency reporting system for disease surveillance to gain the successful experience and method of restore the disease surveillance system. Methods Analyzing the loss of disease surveillance system,evaluating of local wireless telecommunications' network restore situation and choosing an appropriate one. Distributing the mobile phones based the information above. Training the local health care staffs the use of information reporting via mobile phone as well. Manipulating the cases information reported and the system maintaining situation in time,inspecting and solving problems in time. Results The disease reporting system had basically successful restored to its normal reporting level. Conclusion It's an available method to restore the disease reporting system after suffering such a serious catastrophe,however,its success need pay attention to the guarantee of maintaining,training,and inspecting.


Biological control using the mite-pathogenic fungus Hirsutella thompsonii is being investigated, targeting the economically important coconut mite (Aceria guerreronis) in Sri Lanka. Local surveys were carried out to assess background levels of H. thompsonii from coconut mite populations. Environmental profiling, based primarily in the laboratory, assessed the suitability of each isolate as a biological control agent. Coconut mites infected with H. thompsonii were found in each district we surveyed. Profiling indicated an optimum temperature for isolate growth of 25–30°C, with growth recorded at 35°C, for all isolates. Six hours of simulated tropical sunlight reduced spore viability, although viability still exceeded 84%. There were more pronounced losses in viability after 2 h of uninterrupted natural sunlight in a coconut plantation. However, there were indications that spore viability was being inhibited by a combined sunlight/temperature effect. There was no lethal effect on one of the coconut mite's predators, Neoseiulus baraki, when the latter was inoculated with one of the fungal isolates.


The metabolism and excretion of codeine and its metabolites in untreated urine of man, rat, dog, guinea‐pig and rabbit have been examined. Metabolites were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry operated in the chemical ionization mode (methane). Concentrations of codeine and metabolites were measured by selected ion monitoring. Both codeine and norcodeine were detected in the urine of all species but a new metabolite, hydrocodone, was found only in the urine from man, guinea‐pig and dog. Additional metabolites (presumably resulting from the metabolism of hydrocodone) were also detected in man and guinea‐pig. Overall recoveries of drug and metabolites from untreated urine were low for all species.


Outsourcing has recently developed as an overall business strategy in the search for global competitiveness. As a part of this process, IT outsourcing is widely spread in the Central and Eastern European countries. The objective of the paper is to identify the key factors affecting the success of IT outsourcing partnerships on the basis of an empirical study conducted in Bulgaria. The paper presents selected results from a survey of outsourcing relations considering the development of successful strategic partnerships in IT outsourcing practices. According to its results, the most influential factors of these partnerships' success are the level of achievement of partnership goals, top management commitment, and the level of effective communication. In addition to this, a trustful sharing of information and knowledge between partners can build a competitive synergy for achieving goals which otherwise cannot be accomplished separately by the organizations themselves. The key factors contribute to the strengthening of IT outsourcing partnerships and to the improvement of the organizational performance of both partners.


Educational games are important tools to assist the process of teaching and learning as they allow simulating concepts in a virtual environment and foster collaboration and communication among students. The rural management education is a subject where you can explore games as teaching tools due to their complexity. This article proposes an educational game architecture for constructing games aimed at helping teachers in their tasks. We also describe an experience of developing a game about rural management using the proposed architecture.


The terminal hydroxyl groups of PEG-20M were esterified with acryloyl chloride with the result of introducing vinylic groups into the stationary phase molecule. The methylene chloride solution of the ester thus obtained, with the addition of 0.1-1% of its amount of azoisobutylnitrile (AIBN) was used for the dynamic coating of glass capillary columns. The inner surface of the column was previously roughened by the deposition of sodium chloride particles. The column was then crosslinked by heating at 100℃ for 1.5-2 hrs. The performance of the modified and immobilized PEG 20M columns were evaluated chromatographically and their polarities were compared with the ordinary non-cross linked PEG-20M column.


Introduction In vitro dissolution testing is a critical component in the assessment of quality of a pharmaceutical product and for the validation of the development and manufacturing process of a product (1). Dissolution testing is also used to assess the rate at which a drug is released from a dosage form,as it provides a manufacturer with a rational basis on which to predict in vivo behaviour and dosage form optimisation (2). The granulation method used during manufacture may alter the rate of drug release from a formulation (3),as may the size,shape (4),and mechanical strength of a dosage form (5). Variables independent of dosage form design that may affect dissolution rates include temperature and pH of the dissolution media (3). The influence of temperature can be minimised in vitro by performing dissolution experiments at temperatures representative of the in vivo physiological conditions to which a dosage form would be exposed. In addition,agitation of the dissolution medium will influence the hydrodynamics of a test system,which in turn will affect the formation of a stagnant boundary layer, sink conditions,and consequently the rate of drug release from specific dosage forms (6,7). The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the effects of changing buffer molarity,agitation rate,and mesh/screen size on the release rate of a drug compound from sustainedrelease,hydrophilic matrix tablet formulations developed in our laboratory using USP Apparatus 3. Verapamil hydrochloride (VRP) was selected as a model drug,as it is well known and is widely used in the control of hypertension and angina.


Lemmatisation is the process of finding the normalised forms of words appearing in text. It is a useful preprocessing step for a number of language engineering and text mining tasks, and especially important for languages with rich inflectional morphology. This paper presents a new lemmatisation system, LemmaGen, which was trained to generate accurate and efficient lemmatisers for twelve different languages. Its evaluation on the corresponding lexicons shows that LemmaGen outperforms the lemmatisers generated by two alternative approaches, RDR and CST, both in terms of accuracy and efficiency. To our knowledge, LemmaGen is the most efficient publicly available lemmatiser trained on large lexicons of multiple languages, whose learning engine can be retrained to effectively generate lemmatisers of other languages.


According to regulatory fit theory (Higgins, 2000), when people make decisions with strategies that sustain their regulatory focus orientation, they "feel right" about what they are doing, and this "feeling-right" experience then transfers to subsequent choices, decisions, and evaluations. The present research was designed to link the concept of regulatory fit to functional accounts of counterfactual thinking. In the present study, participants generated counterfactuals about their anagram performance, after which persistence on a second set of anagrams was measured. Under promotion framing (i.e., find 90% or more of all the possible words) upward counterfactual thinking in general elicited larger increases in persistence than did downward counterfactual thinking in general, but under prevention framing (i.e., avoid failing to find 90% or more of all the possible words) upward evaluation (comparing reality to a better reality) elicited larger increases in persistence than did upward reflection (focusing on a better reality), whereas downward reflection (focusing on a worse reality) elicited larger increases in persistence than did downward evaluation (comparing reality to a worse reality). In all, the present findings suggest that the generation of counterfactuals enhances the likelihood that individuals will engage in courses of action that fit with their regulatory focus orientation.


Abstract : This study of women sailors examined whether tobacco use prior to entering the Navy predicted subsequent career outcomes related to length of service, early attrition, misconduct, and hospitalizations over a possible 7-8 year follow-up. For almost 5,500 women entering the U.S. Navy between March 1996 - March 1997, who participated in Operation Stay Quit (OSQ) (USAMRMC Grant #DAMD17-95-1-5075), smoking history data were merged with personnel and medical data from the Career History Archival Medical and Personnel System (CHAMPS), a database maintained by the Naval Health Research Center, San Diego. A consistent pattern of results indicated that, compared to Never smokers, Daily smokers at entry into the Navy were subsequently more likely to have poorer outcomes on a wide variety of Navy career indicators (e.g., shorter-term enlistments, more early attrition, more less-than-honorable discharges, more misconduct discharges, more demotions and desertions, lower final paygrade, less likely recommended for reenlistment, and less likely to reenlist). The category of Other smokers (i.e., had smoked, but not daily at entry into the Navy) consistently fell between Never and Daily smokers on the career indicators. No consistent differences were found in the hospitalization data. Future research should evaluate the impact of smoking cessation intervention to help daily smokers become non-daily or former smokers prior to entering the Navy to determine whether this can improve subsequent career outcomes and help prevent or circumvent the high costs associated with lifestyle-related early attrition and poor job performance.


Elaine Draper's Risky Business is an unusual book in that it makes an impor? tant contribution to a number of different fields. It should be required read? ing for those in the fields of public policy, social and political philosophy, environmental ethics, health care ethics and business ethics. I was primarily drawn to it as possible complementary reading for courses such as "Technology and Society" or "Environmental Ethics" as well as my own present interests in agricultural ethics. But, as Draper's research clearly shows, the source of the problems arising from genetic testing can be traced directly to the practices of corporate employers. Hence the best discipline within which to present her "case" is that of business ethics.


Core to the Safe System approach is management of vehicle speeds to reduce the likelihood of crashes occurring, and to ensure that those crashes that do occur, happen at survivable impact speeds. Although there is substantial guidance on infrastructure measures that can assist in the management of speed on the local road network (often under the heading of local area trafic management or trafic calming), there is little information on how to manage speeds on rural and urban arterial roads, locations where the majority of fatal and serious injury crashes occur. Austroads has funded research that was aimed at identifying infrastructure solutions for managing speeds in these environments. RESULTS are presented indicating the effectiveness of infrastructure-based solutions for managing speeds. Keywords Speed, speed management, urban, rural, arterial, infrastructure, treatments. Language: en


The epidemiology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Africa differs radically from that in other countries. In Africa AIDS appears to be spread tghrough heterosexual intercourse and affects women almost as frequently as men. The unchecked spread of AIDS in Africa among sexually active women has caused many infants to be born with the disease. A major problem has been the suppression of information on AIDS in Africa. Although there have been reports in medical journals on AIDS cases among residents of 20 countries in Africa no country has reported any cases to the World Health Organization. This official silence in part reflects the anger of many Africans regarding the theory that AIDS started on their continent. Government officials also fear that tourism will be jeopardized. Rwanda has been a notable exception to this suppression of information. In Rwanda 70 of the 317 AIDS cases known to date have involved children. Researchers have also found a high incidence of AIDS among prostitutes and men with a high frequency of sexual contacts with different partners. AIDS is primarily an urban phenomenon in Rwanda tending to affect upper-income groups. Even the figures cited for AIDS cases in Rwanda must be regarded as minimal since not all AIDS patients seek medical treatment physicians are not trained to recognize AIDS cases and intensive care units are scarce. Most African countries do not have the expertise and laboratory equipment needed to test blood for evidence of the AIDS virus. Because of the high cost of disposable needles and a lack of serious attention to AIDS doctors and health workers in Africa often reuse needles without sterilizing them. On the other hand an important factor weighing against the predominance of needle-transmitted AIDS in Africa is the lack of cases among children 4-12 years old who are exposed to numerous injections for immunization. Since AIDS tends to affect upper-income Africans most often including many political and community leaders the disease threatens to decimate a segment of the population crucial to development.


The invention relates to a closure cap (1) for receptacles for receiving medical liquids, in particular receptacles filled with infusion solutions, transfusion solutions or liquids for enteral nutrition. The invention further relates to a receptacle (40) for receiving medical liquids, in particular a bottle, comprising such a closure cap. The closure cap (1) according to the invention is characterized by two injection parts (6 and 7) arranged separately from one another, each for injecting an additive. One injection part (6) serves to inject an additive with an injection syringe that has a needle (cannula), while the other injection part (7) serves to inject an additive with a needle-less injection syringe.


Around 55 million years ago the first "dog-like" animal, Eohippus (the dawn horse), emerged from the forests of the North American continent to roam the grass plains of the world. Here they evolved to what we know as the modern horse,Equus caballus. In their natural habitat they became dependent on pastures to sustain their nutrient requirements.


As a contribution to the Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES), a U.S. National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) site, weather variables are being measured continuously at five locations near Baltimore, MD. Data also are available from two National Weather Service Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) stations (Fig. 1). Measurements include temperature at a height of 1.5 m at all stations. At the five non-ASOS sites, measurements have been continuous since June 2003.


The new compounds (IV) and (V) are characterized by single crystal XRD, IR and UV/VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and second harmonic generation, piezoelectric, and polarization measurements.


The main objective of this article is to propose two novel parallel methods for solving common variational inclusion and common fixed point problems in a real Hilbert space. Strong convergence theorems of both methods are established by allowing for some mild conditions. Moreover, numerical studies of the signal recovery problem consisting of various blurred filters demonstrate the computational behavior of the proposed methods and other existing methods.


In 1913, E. Cartan proved two remarkable theorems which give a penetrating method for the determination of all irreducible representations of semi-simple complex Lie algebras [2].1) These theorems can be formulated as follows: I. $TJ_{l}ere$ exists $a$ one-to-one correspondence between the irreducible representations of $a$ give$n$ semi-simple Lie algebra $\tilde{L}$ and the $hig/\iota est$ (possible) $weig1_{l}ts$ of . Thus every highest possible weight $\xi$ is actually a highest weight of some irreducible representation $P$ of $\tilde{L}$ and conversely $P$ is uniquely determined by $\xi$ up to equivalence. (In this sense, we write $P=P_{\xi}.$ ) II. All the highest $(possibl_{6})$ weigl $ts$ of $\tilde{L}$ form a semi-group, iso-


The question that this essay seeks to answer can initially be stated simply: what procedural fairness duties do the Migration Review Tribunal ('MRT') and Refugee Review Tribunal ('RRT') owe to visa applicants? The answer to this question is not so straightforward. This is because it requires an analysis of the interplay between the broad natural justice hearing rule duties that exist at common law and the narrower duties that are set out in the Migration Act 1958 (Cth) ('the Migration Act').


The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a CMOS image sensor. The method includes the steps of: forming a passivation oxide and a passivation nitride after forming a pad; performing a hydrogen anneal; selectively removing the passivation nitride and cleaning the passivation oxide; opening and cleaning the pad by removing the passivation oxide from the pad region; forming a pad protection membrane; forming color filter array, planarization layer and a plurality of microlenses; and removing the pad protection membrane from the pad region. A circle defect in a pixel region may be removed according to the disclosed method in the invention for manufacturing the CMOS image sensor. Accordingly, the sensitivity of the CMOS image sensor may be increased by raising the quality of the CMOSimage sensor and reducing reflectance of the light.


Inthepresentworkamethodologicalproposalfortheselectionofsitesforlandfillsis developed,based on weighted factors and application of multicriteria. To carry out this proposal was carried out a thorough literature review of similar experiences, investigation of field (in situ), techniques and tools of GIS (Arcgis software)and technical analysis, particularly of such sanitary facilities.The objective is to describe thesteps during the evaluation of sites suitable for receiving a landfill, weighing factors such as hydrology,climate, topography, and other environmental, social and economic conditions of the environment.Finally, the proposed methodology is implemented in a particular case to remove the respective conclusions and recommendations.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of solids retention time (SRT) on M. parvicella growth and to calculate growth kinetic parameters of this filamentous species. Bench-scale continuous-flow experiments showed that M. parvicella growth can be significantly suppressed at an SRT of lower than 5.7 d for temperatures of between 14 and 18oC. According to the continuous-flow experiments the maximum sludge age for the avoidance of filamentous foaming problems caused by
M. parvicella is 6 d for temperatures lower than 18oC. At this sludge age M. parvicella loses its hydrophobicity and therefore its foaming potential. However, even lower SRTs are required in order to achieve a significant suppression of its growth. At SRT values of less than 5.7 d M. parvicella initially forms a shorter filament ( Water SA Vol.32 (3) 2006: pp.315-321


To obtain ship speed in waves, the added resistance in waves must be known, It is well known, however, that for ships with blunt bows, the calculated value of this added resistance is less than the measured value. This paper discusses the reasons for this difference.


The implementation of LPG developed the entry of foreign countries and the life style of the people. The development increases the needs of mobile telecom service considerably in India and India plays the role of second largest network in the world. In the competitive world the development and survival is depending on various features provided by service provider to connect anyone at any time at any place. The various factors are considered by subscribers before selecting network service provider and they are comparing the features between different service providers to get the best one at cheapest cost. As there are number of players in the market coming out with innovative service strategies the customers face confusion in selecting the mobile network service. So the study aims to examine the subscriber's confusion in selecting mobile network service.


In this paper, new transmission schemes are proposed to deal with the CCI (co-channel interference) in wireless relay transmission. We first introduce an optimal decoding process to fully utilize the information forwarded by relay. Then based on conventional transmission schemes, two modified transmission schemes and a novel adaptive scheme are proposed. Furthermore, we derive the outage probabilities and throughput for all the proposed schemes in closed form. Numerical simulations are presented to validate the analytical results and it shows that the adaptive scheme improves the spectral efficiency significantly compared to others in most condition.


EN-GJS 400-15, one of the alloys of spheroidal graphite cast iron, is a type of iron with its high impact resistance and high elongation properties. Compared with other types of spheroidal graphite cast iron, it has been in widespread use in industry from the point of producibility, cost and production process. Inoculants with various chemical compositions are present for industrial use. Inoculants vary in terms of amount Selçuk-Teknik Dergisi ISSN 1302-6178 Journal of Selcuk-Technic Cilt 18, Sayı:3-2019 Volume 18, Number:3-2019 200 and usage in industry. For that reason, within the scope of this study, the effects of inoculants with Barium (Ba), Bismuth (Bi) and Cerium (Ce) on microstructural and mechanic properties are investigated. Among the used inoculants, the impact of inoculants containing Barium (Ba) on the chemical analysis of the element Sulfur (S) and microstructure is analyzed. Microstructures are evaluated via optic microscope while mechanic properties are evaluated in terms of hardness.


The utility model discloses a new type spray nozzle of air current smashing middle particle acceleration, belonging to the material feeding auxiliary device technology field. The utility model is comprises of a sonic velocity (supersonic velocity) spray nozzle and a material spray nozzle, and the material spray nozzle 1 is coaxially fixed in the sonic velocity (supersonic velocity) spray nozzle. The outlet of the material spray nozzle is located at the throat part of the sonic velocity (supersonic velocity) spray nozzle. The acceleration effect of the utility model to particles is good and the abrasion to the spray nozzle is less.


Simple Summary One out of every 650 children is affected by cancer, and about half of survivors become permanently infertile due to the side effects of cancer treatments. Pre-treatment testicular biopsies can be collected and cryopreserved for future use to uphold biological fatherhood. Currently, the only safe approach to produce haploid germ cells is through in vitro spermatogenesis (IVS), which has only been fully achieved in mice. Pigs are a more suitable animal model for the study of testicular development and IVS, not only because of their anatomical and physiological similarities to humans but also their long prepubertal period. This study explored optimal conditions for the long-term culture of neonatal porcine testicular tissues as a first step in achieving IVS from pigs, as a model. In this study, we investigated the effects of testicular tissue size, tissue preparation method, and serum source in media on long-term culture of neonatal porcine testicular tissues. We showed that small intact testicular tissue fragments (~2 mg) cultured in knockout serum replacement could be effectively maintained in vitro for up to 4 weeks of culture. Moreover, the presence of viable germ cells after 4 weeks of culture indicates that this approach may be applicable for IVS in pigs. Abstract Long-term culture of testicular tissue has important applications, including the preservation of fertility potential of prepubertal boys undergoing gonadotoxic cancer treatment. This study was designed to define optimal conditions for the long-term culture of neonatal porcine testicular tissue as an animal model for preadolescent individuals. Testes from 1 wk old donor piglets were used to examine the effects of tissue fragment size (~2, 4, 6, or 8 mg), preparation method (intact, semi-digested, or physically dispersed fragments), and serum source in the media (fetal bovine serum—FBS—or knockout serum replacement—KSR). Testicular fragments were examined weekly for 4 weeks for tissue integrity, seminiferous cord density and morphology, and gonocyte counts. Testicular tissue integrity was dependent on fragment size and preparation method, where the smallest size (2 mg, p < 0.05) and intact preparation method were advantageous (p < 0.05). Seminiferous cord density decreased over the culture period (p < 0.05). Although the relative number of gonocytes decreased over time for all sizes and methods (p < 0.01), smaller intact fragments (2 and 4 mg) had greater numbers of gonocytes (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that intact or physically dispersed testicular fragments of the smallest size (2 mg) cultured in KSR-supplemented media could be effectively maintained in vitro for the duration of 4 weeks.


ABSTRACT In the present study, the cDNA (designated MuPR1) of PR1 gene was obtained from mulberry. Our results showed that MuPR1 shares some conserved characteristics with its homologues from different plant families. MuPR1 was localized exclusively to the extracellular spaces, and the MuPR1 gene was expressed constitutively in all selected mulberry tissues, although its expression levels varied substantially. It was also showed that MuPR1 expression was induced by pathogen, MeJA, SA and GA3, and transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing MuPR1 showed enhanced resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Pst. DC3000. Moreover, the peptide derived from MuPR1 protein C-terminus with a PxGNxxxxxPY motif was suggested to play a role in activating plant resistance. Furthermore, the MuPR1 gene may have roles in mediating the rates of oxygen radical formation and detoxification. Therefore, the MuPR1 gene may be a candidate gene for breeding resistant mulberry varieties in the future.


In this work we present a comparison of continuum and atomistic approaches to modeling mechanical properties of materials. The stress distribution has been calculated in the realistic 2D model by using molecular mechanics. Stress concentration around the circular opening in the infinite plate subjected to one directional tension (Kirsch problem) has been compared to molecular mechanics simulation of a single layer carbon atomistic model. Interatomic interactions have been modeled using Tersoff potential adjusted for carbon structural properties. Stress tensor per atom has been calculated by virial expression. Stress at continuum point in the atomistic model has been calculated by spatial averaging of Irving and Kirkwood standard stress expression. Results show similar stress distribution in both models, however maximal stress in atomistic model is a factor of 1.75 times higher than the sheet edge pressure, whereas continuum mechanics predicts 3 times higher stress.


This study examines linkages between rural and urban areas in vegetable value chain activities in the southern part of Mali. The value chain is characterised by a complex and informal network of farmers, middlemen, wholesalers, processors, vendors and customers. The rapid growth of Bamako, Mali's capital and largest city with nearly two million inhabitants can be attributed in part to the temporary and permanent migration of people from villages. This movement has increased urban food demand, yet malnutrition remains an issue for many. Methodology Primary data on horticulture activities and food consumption from rural, urban, and peri-urban areas in southern Mali was collected in 2010–2011 from 80 households at four randomly selected sites. Collection methods included individual interviews, focus group discussions, observations and secondary data. Most villagers engaged in vegetable production sold about 80 % of their vegetables directly to traders and consumed the remainder. Rural populations involved in agriculture maintained gardens as a secondary activity to generate some income; women also tended small vegetable plots to produce food for their families in town, and to give as gifts. Small-scale traders, mostly women, collected vegetables directly from farmers' fields. They transported their crops to the nearest local or urban markets by public transportation or bicycle. Input vendors operating in towns, peri-urban and urban areas played an important role in the transmission of crop production information and publicity for new seed, fertilisers, pesticides and equipment. Land insecurity is the main factor limiting vegetable production inside the capital city. Small amounts of vegetables were processed by rural and rural household members following traditional methods. Bamako offers a large market for rural producers of vegetables and vegetable products, providing income opportunities for rural people, mainly in the informal sector and in gardening activities. Further research questions should focus on how rural-urban vegetable value chain can be developed to enhance the accessibility, availability and use of vegetables to sustain food and income security.


Surface electromyography (sEMG) plays a relevant role in pattern recognition problems mainly related to upper limb motion. Lately, particular attention is given to the motion intent detection (MID) which involves transient epoch of the sEMG signal to decode and predict the movement that is going to be performed, which is a key aspect in the development of modern assistive devicesand myoelectric prosthesis. However, results achieved up to now are only related to an intra-subject scenario, while the user-independent case remains less investigated. For this reason, the present study focuses in defining an approach to face the multi-user MID problem, taking advantage of the least square canonical correlation analysis (LS-CCA). Considered data for this study belong to a publicly available dataset and they contain four shoulder movements of eight subjects. In the defined framework, the LS-CCA is used to create a common unified-space where features related to different subjects are maximally correlated among them. Then, the classification is performed through a SVM model. Performance of the classifier was evaluated also increasing the number of calibration trials and training subjects. Moreover, two window lengths are considered for feature extraction, i.e. 150 ms and 50 ms. Obtained results showed an improvement brought by the LS-CCA with an increasing trend of the classification accuracy when more training subjects and more calibration trials are considered; their values passed from 25% without LS-CCA up to 74% with LS-CCA.


This project uses interviews and existential-phenomenological analysis to explore the question of how helping professionals integrate the spiritual self in their work. Chandler, Holden and Kolander's definition of spirituality (1992) divides personhood between the personal and the spiritual. This broad definition is used in exploring the research question with two helping professionals. The Co-researchers—a Doctor and a Therapist— are in the mid forties, they are well established in their professional careers and they are articulate in the research area. Two distinct modes of incorporating the spiritual self are identified. One is characterized by the healing of relationships described through a spiritual-psychological journey towards connectedness to self, other and god consciousness. The second mode of incorporation is characterized by an appreciation of transformation arising from an openness to the influence of spiritual reality in the process of therapy. Findings suggest that the professional's personal, professional and spiritual maturity is pivotal in the effective integration of the spiritual self. The need for integration of the spiritual self is in response to the extreme needs of the client population. The Co-researchers discuss that this is a needed area of discussion in professional circles. Further research into this area is necessary.


Background: Cervical cancer (cervix) is the second most common type of cancer in women, with an estimated of 530,000 new cases and more than 270,000 deaths each year. In 2012, cervical cancer cases in Central Java was 2,259 cases. Cervical cancer is easily recognizable and can be prevented with screening. A village midwife as the closest healthcare provider to the community is expected to function better in encouraging the prevention of cervical cancer.if they receive appropriate knowledge and attitude toward screening. Objective: to understand the correlation of knowledge, attitude and behavior of village midwife against cervical cancer and its prevention in Sragen district. Method: This analytic study is using quantitative and qualitative approach. Quantitative studies was done with cross-sectional study. The population of this research were 208 village midwifes from 20 sub-districts in Sragen and the subjects were 118 midwives whom randomly sampled. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis.The qualitative study was done using depth interview. Result and Discussion: There is no correlation between age, level of education as well as work duration with their knowledge about cervical cancer prevention (P = 0.787; 0.344; 0.822); there is no correlation between village midwives' knowledge with their behavior towards cervical cancer prevention (P = 0.664); there is no correlation between the village midwives' attitudes and behavior towards prevention of cervical cancer (P = 0.460). Qualitative results support the quantitative results. Conclusion: There is no correlation between village midwives' knowledge, attitudes and behavior towards cervical cancer prevention. Keywords: Cervical cancer, knowledge, attitude, behavior


Two polar lipid-soluble macrocycles 1 and 2, containing a spiro-linked tricyclic ether ring system and an unusual seven-membered spiro-linked cyclic iminium moiety, have been isolated from the digestive glands of mussels (Mytilus edulis) and scallops (Placopecten magellanicus).


In this article, we address the water challenges faced by Indigenous communities (ICs) in the context of Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6). The importance of ICs for sustainable regional development is increasingly recognised both at, a policy level and in practice. However, there is a reported lack of empirical evidence that gives voice to how such communities perceive development, particularly sustainable water development as articulated in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (2015–2030). This article provides case-based evidence from one Indigenous community setting, which challenges assumptions concerning water-related development. Using a qualitative methodology, this case study explores the problem of access to safe water faced by ICs and applies a value cocreation framework based on service-dominant logic. The findings highlight the need to develop sustainable water service models focused on the provision of water not just as a commodity or resource but also as a service. Initiatives aimed at addressing water-related challenges will be more likely to succeed when the culture, experiences, knowledge and practices of the communities in need of clean water access are valued and meaningfully incorporated into value cocreation processes.


able. An assortment of techniques based upon such materials combined with a light sprinkling of miscellaneous &dquo;theory&dquo; cannot produce a defensible program. What programs need are clearly explicated theoretical statements as to the nature of giftedness and the types of instruction appropriate for the gifted. Such theoretical statements ought to be based, in part, on sound empirical research. Renzulli is also correct in proposing that the use of a single cutoff IQ score be eliminated. For example, in east-


The random reaction in capital market by different perceptions and other factors makes it difficult for investors to get their optimum return. The objective of this study is to provide an empirical evidence about how the market will react by fundamental signal from the perspective of life cycle theory, free cash flow theory, and bird in the hand theory. The study presents the analysis of covariate for hypotheses testing with 241 firms as the sample which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange for period 2010–2015. This study finds that the life cycle theory and free cash flow theory are not absolute theories to explain the market reaction for any firms, because each firm has its own characteristics. The findings show that share prices shall react differently depending on each characteristics of the firm. The bird in the hand theory seems applicable in any case of firms, since the informational contents by dividend can deliver good signal to investors in capital market. Excluding the smaller and younger firms, this study proves that dividend is still a better way in determining the reaction of share prices, since each type of firms has its own types of dividend payers with different share prices. Winston Pontoh (Indonesia) BUSINESS PERSPECTIVES LLC "СPС "Business Perspectives" Hryhorii Skovoroda lane, 10, Sumy, 40022, Ukraine www.businessperspectives.org MARKET REACTION AND FUNDAMENTAL SIGNAL IN INDONESIA Received on: 25th of July, 2017 Accepted on: 13th of September, 2017


The article analyzes interactive education styles in teaching theoretical courses at university. As an effective method of teaching the history of psychology, the article suggests a convergence seminar, when all participants are actively involved in work, which contributes to students' integration around the discussed problem. The convergence seminar develops students' abilities of reflection and their subjective position in educational situations.


Geoffery Hartman, one of the most distinguished literary scholars in America, has been a commentator on and participant in the literary-critical scene for more than forty years. He was one of the first to question the "formalism" of the New Critics, he helped to introduce such European critics as Benjamin, Malraux, Blanchot, Lacan, and Derrida to American audiences, and he has expanded our knowledge of the history of criticism by pointing to the relevance of the Jewish rabbinic tradition and of psychoanalytic modes of interpretation. This book -- a collection of Hartman's essays from throughout his career -- sheds new light on the last four turbulent decades of criticism.In a lengthy introduction to the book, Hartman tells us about his life, the scholars who were his teachers or colleagues (among them Rene Wellek, Erich Auerbach, Harold Bloom, and Paul de Man), and some of the intellectual issues he has grappled with over the course of his career. The essays in the volume, many of which are out of print or not previously collected, are arranged here in three parts: "Theory" (such influential pieces as "Understanding Criticism" and "The Voice of the Shuttle"); "Cases" (with subjects ranging from Shakespeare to Wordsworth and from Hitchcock to the mystery story); and "Speculations" (concluding with an essay on "Higher Education at the Millennium.") The collection -- vintage Hartman -- brings his exemplary work to a new generation of readers.


In 1999, at the time an Environmental Management System (EMS) was first implemented, a Highway Operations program was also developed and piloted in the Eastern District of Nova Scotia on a trial basis. In-house staff identified eleven aspects, developed objectives, and designed practical and user friendly programs to fit both the requirements of the ISO 14000 standards and needs of the department. As the program started its field implementations in the spring of 2001, the program was expanded to encompass the rest of both Highway Operations as well as Public Works. This paper outlines the implementation process of the Highway Operations program.


Objective To study the imaging characteristics of meningioma using brain SPECT with 99 Tc m MIBI and 99 Tc m ECD, and to evaluate their application value in diagnosis of meningioma. Methods Ten normal controls and 18 patients of meningiomas were performed with 99 Tc m MIBI and 99 Tc m ECD rCBF tomographic brain imaging, and imaging characteristics of meningioma were analyzed. Results In normal controls, 99 Tc m MIBI imaging showed no radioactive distribution in brain grey matter; 99 Tc m ECD rCBF imaging showed homogeneous and symmetrical radioactive distribution throughout the grey matter. In 18 of 18 patients, a homogeneous round or oval accumulation of radioactivity in meningioma area was found with 99 Tc m MIBI SPECT imaging. Positive rate with 99 Tc m MIBI was 100%.In 17 of 18 patients, 99 Tc m ECD rCBF imaging showed round or oval concave defects with smooth contour in the cerebral cortex tumor area. The defect shape and position in 99 Tc m ECD image was corresponding to the accumulation area in 99 Tc m MIBI image. One patient was false negative in 99 Tc m ECD image. Positive rate with 99 Tc m ECD was 94.4%. Conclusion The combined use of 99 Tc m MIBI and 99 Tc m ECD SPECT brain imaging is useful in diagnosis of meningioma.


Combined with the present condition of China's distribution automation.The necessity and feasibility of monitoring the distributed and scattered electric devices are analyzed.A monitoring and control system based on GSM(Global System for Mobile Communication)networks is presented for the distribution transformers.The use of wireless communication simplifies the management of scattered distribution transformers.The hardware and principle of monitoring and control terminal unit,the GSM communication mode,the structure and functions of master station database are described.


A 56‐year‐old man who was under chemotherapy presented with a 2‐week history of erythema on the left palm, soles, glans penis and the foreskin with no itching and pain. Initially syphilid was suspected. However, both toluidine red unheated serum test (TRUST) and treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA) were negative. Microscopy showed hyphae in all sites and skin culture revealed Trichophyton rubrum infection, consistent with the diagnosis of tinea infection. He was cured with oral terbinafine for 2 weeks. We report here a case of tinea incognito caused by T. rubrum mimicking syphilid and review the literature.


As Michael Ducey, the President and CEO of Compass Minerals International, looked out of his office in Overland Park, Kansas on the evening of December 11, 2003, he wondered how investors would react to his company going public. Ducey had joined Compass Minerals in April 2002 as CEO and strategic investor, a few months after the private equity firm Apollo Management had acquired it from IMC Global.1 Although salt companies were not typical candidates for IPOs, Compass Minerals had done very well in its two years as a stand-alone firm, and Ducey had encouraged his fellow investors to consider exiting via an IPO. With Goldman Sachs leading its IPO the following day, Ducey considered the response of investors and his strategy going forward. Where should he be focusing his attention? How could he ensure that the company lived up to the high expectations of its investors?


The impacts of climate change and extreme weather events can be seen all around us, causing record-breaking damage. Such events, coupled with wars and social unrest, are resulting in people losing their homes at an unprecedented and growing rate, forcing them to rely on semi-permanent structures. To explore the design of these structures in extreme cold, a prototype tent made of innovative materials, capable of resisting the extreme weather in Antarctica, was made, and tested, on a site at King George Island, in 2019. The shelter was left on-site there for twelve months, during which some damage was recorded, resulting in high levels of humidity in the structure, and wind damage on the outermost fabric layer. This paper attempts to reverse-design the tent comparing theoretical, and field data. Using an algorithmic design tool, the shelter was modelled within the site contours, and comfort and airflow simulations were made to assess the thermal properties of the used materials. Durability and comfort performance are discussed and compared with permanent standard structures, as are their implications on the design of similar projects in extreme weather conditions in future unpredictable climates.


An independent technical function in the construction industry is the activity related to the need for professional eva-luation of technical phenomena or the independent solution of architectural, technical and technical-organizational issues. Architects and construction engineers who perform independent technical functions in a broadly understood construction process, both investment and operating (carrying out the tasks of the designer, the construction manager, the investor su-pervision inspector, and the control and assessment of the technical condition of the facilities) have a significant influence on the design and Maintenance of the safety of buildings. Hence the professions of the architect and construction engineer are included in the public trust. The paper presents principles and legal conditions for performing independent technical functions in the construction industry.


The purpose of this study is to find out the implications of the decision, as well as the ideal concept of testing the statutes of the household budget (AD/ART) of political parties in Indonesia. This research is a normative legal research. This study also uses qualitative data analysis and produces descriptive data. The study found that: First, AD/ART cannot be equated with existing laws and regulations in Indonesia because they do not fulfill the elements of statutory regulations hierarchically and in their elements, so it is not the authority of the Supreme Court to conduct a judicial review. Second, the implication of issuing Supreme Court Decision Number 39 P/HUM/2021 is that it is feared that leadership will be


Rotational resonance (R 2 ) and rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) are powerful solid-state NMR techniques that can be applied in a site-directed fashion for precise distance measurements in proteins. These tools are well suited for systems in which a few precise distance measurements are needed to understand a mechanism or map a bind- ing site, particularly if this information is unavailable from x-ray crystallography or solution NMR, as is often the case for membrane proteins. Strategies and challenges in the design and implementation of such experiments are described and illustrated with experiments probing mechanisms of transmembrane signaling in bacterial chemotaxis receptors. ! 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 30A: 21-39, 2007


Rotigotine is a non-ergoline D3/D2/D1 dopamine agonist for the treatment of Parkinson's disease(PD). It showed significant antiparkinsonian and neuro-protective effects. This paper mainly describes the advance in the pharmaceutical preparations of rotigotine which can achieve continuous dopaminergic stimulation( CDS) for the treatment of PD. Rotigotine transdermal delivery system(Neupro) provided 24-h continuous drug levels that would improve efficacy and reduce motor complications. Rotigotine loaded microspheres(RoMS) displayed continuous-release characteristics of rotigotine in animals and the plasma drug level lasted for 2 weeks,indicating that RoMS could achieve CDS for the treatment of PD.


Significance: In order to successfully employ a biodegradable magnesium TMJ prosthetic device, the effect of magnesium ion concentration on fibrocartilage must be assessed. Introduction: Recently, magnesium has been explored as a potential biomaterial for biodegradable orthopedic implants due to its similar mechanical properties to bone[1] and biocompatibility. While magnesium alloys show promise as potential implant materials for bone regeneration, the effect of degrading magnesium on the surrounding soft tissue needs to be determined. In a study done by Fayerebend et al. [2], it was found that high concentrations of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) have been shown to support chondrocyte proliferation and dedifferentiation. While these findings demonstrate the effect of magnesium concentrations up to 30 mM on chondrocyte behavior, the degradation products of some magnesium alloys could result in higher concentrations. This generates the need to test for the effects of higher concentrations of magnesium on cell behavior. Additionally, other ions, such as magnesium chloride (MgCl2), should be tested to ensure that changes in tissue response are not attributed to increased sulfate concentration. Specifically, for TMJ prosthetics made of magnesium alloys, the effect of high concentrations of magnesium on the regeneration of fibrocartilage needs to be investigated. In tissue engineering approaches for fibrocartilage, goat costal chondrocytes cultured using a scaffoldless approach have proven to be a viable cell source due to their production of high quantities of collagen and GAG. [3, 4] In this study, scaffoldless costal chondrocyte constructs are used as a model to determine the effect of additional magnesium on fibrocartilage extracellular matrix production. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of concentrations of 20, 50, and 100 mM of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) on the mechanical properties of fibrocartilage constructs.


Croup is the single most common cause of death from airway obstruction, taking all ages into account. The patient's general appearance is an extremely unreliable guide to the severity of the obstruction in croup and specific signs must be used in the assessment. Management is discussed. It is emphasized that chest physiotherapy is specifically contra-indicated in conservatively managed children with croup. But in children who have had artificial airways inserted for life-threatening airway obstruction regular intensive chest physiotherapy is essential .


The article discusses the direct and indirect influence that the concepts of Edouard Seguin, creator of a pedagogy for people with intellectual disabilities, had on the development of Polish special and general pedagogy in the interwar period. It also presents a brief overview of the biography and achievements of this Franco-American pedagogue and doctor.


With the gradual implementation of commercialized operation of power system,energy conservation and loss reduction of power plants have become increasingly important,and lessening auxiliary power consumption to reduce production costs has been stressed.As a result,AC frequency control technique finds more and more application in power plants.In this paper,the principle of frequency converters is described.Taking a diesel power plant as an example,the paper approaches the significance of energy conservation transformation adopting frequency control technique,and puts forth specific measures aiming at the problems of the existing system.Operation shows that the transformation has brought about remarkable electricity saving effects with about 40% of power saved.


Individuals with serious mental illness are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19. The New York State (NYS) Office of Mental Health implemented patient and staff rapid testing, quarantining, and vaccination to limit COVID-19 spread in 23 state-operated psychiatric hospitals between November 2020 and February 2021. COVID-19 infection rates in inpatients and staff decreased by 96% and 71%, respectively, and the NYS population case rate decreased by 6%. Repeated COVID-19 testing and vaccination should be priority interventions for state-operated psychiatric hospitals. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print September 16, 2021:e1-e4. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306444).