Preface List of Authors List of Abbreviations Part I: Introduction: Transformation 1. Introduction: Legality in Multiple Legal Orders L. Besselink, F. Pennings, S. Prechal 2. As Good as It Gets: On Risk, Legality and the Precautionary Principle B. de Vries, L. Francot-Timmermans. Part II: Legality and the Attribution of Powers to Public Authorities 3. Administrative Powers in German and English Law G. Jurgens, M. Verhoeven, P. Willemsen 4. National Legality and European Obligations M. Verhoeven, R. Widdershoven 5. The Legality of Independent Regulatory Authorities A. Ottow, S. Lavrijssen. Part III: Legality and Quality of Legislation 6. The Quality of the Law as a Tool for Judicial Control A. Woltjer 7. Coherent Codification? A Case-Study in EU Equal Treatment Legislation S. Burri 8. The Rocky Path of EU Legislation on Workers' Involvement: Coherent Codification of the Right to Information and Consultation of Workers in European Law? T. Jaspers, R. Meyers. Part IV: Legality and the Impact of Non-Legislative Instruments 9. The Open Method of Coordination in the Area of Social Policy and the Legality Principle F. Pennings. 10. The Principle of Legality and the 'Soft Law' Regulation and Supervision of Financial Markets T. Duijkersloot 11. The Quasi-Legislative Powers of the European Social Dialogue: Imperfect Delegation of Powers or Ambivalent Recognition of Contractual Autonomy? A. Veldman. Part V: Legality and Concealed Mechanisms behind Extension of EU Powers 12. The Principle of Attributed Powers and the 'Scope' of EU Law S. Prechal, H. van Eijken, S. de Vries 13. Eurojust II: Un tiens vaut mieux que deux tu l'auras? T. Marguery 14. Legality and Data Protection Law: The Forgotten Purpose of Purpose Limitation E. Brouwer 15. Conclusion: The Eclipse of Legality - An Assessment L. Besselink.


Farmers in the trade chain for agricultural commodities, including corn, are in the weakest position compared to other parties. As a result, the trading system often does not take sides or even tends to harm farmers from year to year. Therefore, state intervention is needed in the context of evaluation which will lead to the reformulation of regulations regarding the maize trade system. Farmers are certainly an important element in realizing food security in this country. Therefore, this research was conducted to produce a regulatory model regarding the corn trade system which has unequivocal support for the protection of farmers. The purpose of this research is to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the current regulatory model, both by the central government and by local governments. To the corn trade system and find a model of corn trading system regulation based on protection for farmers. The research method used in this research is qualitative research and doctrinal legal research with several approaches, namely: statutory approach, analytical approach, and case approach with data collected through literature study and combined with empirical research (field research). This research is very important and useful for stakeholders (especially for farmers, entrepreneurs, and the government) as well as legislators in formulating policies on the trading system of agricultural commodities, especially corn which can ensure that farmers get serious attention and protection from the state.


ABSTRACT This work shows evidence of complete encapsulated development of Onchidella marginata for the first time in South America. Recent common ancestry was suggested for geographically separated New Zealand sub-Antarctic and South American populations of Onchidella. This could be explained as driven by passive rafting mediated by circumpolar ocean currents. In samples from mussel- and algal-beds in intertidal rocky shores from the southern tip of South America (Tierra del Fuego Island, Argentina) we found both adults and egg masses, and crawling hatchlings were observed.


Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF-5A) is the only cell protein that contains the unusual amino acid hypusine. The biologic function of eIF-5A is still not explicit. To facilitate the functional studies, eIF-5A was expressed in E.coli, purified, and tested by 1H-15N-HSQC experiments. The results showed that it to be suitable for NMR spectroscopic studies.


We recently treated a 75-year-old woman who presented 33 min into a left middle cerebral artery territory ischemic stroke with a National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 8. She was a recent participant in the RE-LY study comparing warfarin to dabigatran for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation [1] and was normally now on dabigatran. Three days prior to her event, she had discontinued dabigatran in preparation for excision of a nasal basal cell carcinoma. She had resumed the drug 2.5 h prior to the event. Because of the pharmacokinetic properties of dabigatran, we elected not to thrombolyse the patient. Twenty-four hours after the event, her NIHSS score was 2. Dabigatran is a direct thrombin inhibitor with a reported halflife of 11 h in healthy volunteers and reaches peak plasma concentration in 30 min to 2 h [2] . At a dose of 150 mg twice daily, it has similar rates of major hemorrhage as warfarin targeted to an international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.0–3.0 [1, 3] . Current use of an oral anticoagulant or having an INR of 1 1.7 are considered contraindications to thrombolytic therapy in acute stroke [4] . Dabigatran prescription is likely to become much more ubiquitous in patients with atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism [1, 3] . Furthermore, many other oral direct thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors are being actively studied [5] . Unlike warfarin, there is no rapidly available laboratory test to assess how anPublished online: June 29, 2010


Poor mathematics performance and low socio-economic status variables in South Africa are skewed towards a black child due to the history of colonization and apartheid. These variables then become labels that nurture assumptions that mathematics is for the elite and belongs to the West, and therefore these students' mathematical prior knowledge and experiences are ignored. Mathematics is a problem-solving tool. Disregarding mathematics learnt from cultural artefacts and community engagements due to socio-economic status is disempowering. Such symbolizes power of privilege that recognizes Western culture versus lack of property ownership experienced by Africans, which unconsciously translates to lack of confidence in their own heritage. This paper presents and explores cultural games played by these students during playtime and in their communities with the aim of eliciting mathematics embedded and attained while engaging in the game. The paper recommends cultural relevant pedagogy that integrates mathematics learning with students' cultural artefacts for ownership of knowledge and recognition of pluralism for economic and development initiatives globally.


Robotic nanoassembly is an emerging field that deals with the controlled manipulation, handling and assembly of atoms, molecules and nano objects by robots for manufacturing of nano structures, devices and systems. Nanoassembly is expected to have revolutionary applications in almost all the scientific and technological areas. This paper presents a general review of nanoassembly by robots considering its current developments and challenges. It discusses scanning probe-based 2D nanomanipulation, gripper-based 3D nanohandling, object-oriented nanoassembly and hybrid nanoassembly techniques, which are the main topics of interest in the field. The challenging issues in robotic nanoassembly are outlined together with the topics.


The martial arts novel usually stresses the need for the hero to have a strong body in order to defeat his enemies. Such is not the case, however, in The Smiling and Proud Wanderer (Xiao'ao jianghu), one of the works in which the famous novelist Jin Yong emphasizes the weakness of the main character, Linghu Chong, whose body can be interpreted as a symbolic battlefield between rival martial arts schools. As far as one can read this novel as a parody of the Cultural Revolution, the hero's sick body turns out to be a metaphor for Chinese politics in a very chaotic period.


We obtain an upper bound for the derivative of a Blaschke product, whose zeros lie in a certain Stolz-type region. We show that the derivative belongs to the space of analytic functions in the unit disk, introduced recently in \cite{FG}. As an outcome, we obtain a Blaschke-type condition for critical points of such Blaschke products.


Firstly,application of SLP and SHA method in design course of general layout is introduced including basic clement analysis,logistics analysis,procedure analysis,interrelation analysis. The method is offered which design the layout rearrangement of enterprise logistics based on the combination of SLP and SHA. Then aiming at achieving the lowest transportation amount,analyzing the producing procedure and logistics status in a certain corporation,the installation and logistics systems are rearranged and reassessed in a department of the plant adopting the theory of SLP and SHA. Through contrasting,the result is found that workshop attains the logistics smooth,transport the route the most short,shorten to produce period and lower the factor cost.


This paper describes a Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) testbed which demonstrates the use of common, off-the-shelf (COTS) products to enable rapid algorithm development from conception to hardware implementation and test.


We benchmark our 2D-model with existing ID-models [1-4] to assess the impact of LER on BEOL TDDB for spacing<20nm. Besides, we propose a simplified version of our 2D-model assuming E=V/s instead of non-uniform field distribution and we include this model in our benchmarking exercise. As we will show that 2D-models will be needed for spacing<20nm, we use our method to propose a predictive tool for the impact of LER and spacing variation on 32nm metal pitch (16nm spacing).


Climate change is affecting the hydrodynamics of the world's oceans. How these changes will influence the productivity, distribution and abundance of phytoplankton communities is an urgent research question. Here we provide a unique high‐resolution mesoscale description of the phytoplankton community composition in relation to vertical mixing conditions and other key physicochemical parameters along a meridional section of the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. Phytoplankton, assessed by a combination of flow cytometry and pigment fingerprinting (HPLC‐CHEMTAX), and physicochemical data were collected from the top 250 m water column during the spring of 2011 and summer of 2009. Multivariate analysis identified water column stratification (based on 100 m depth‐integrated Brunt–Väisälä frequency N2) as one of the key drivers for the distribution and separation of different phytoplankton taxa and size classes. Our results demonstrate that increased stratification (1) broadened the geographic range of Prochlorococcus as oligotrophic areas expanded northward, (2) increased the contribution of picoeukaryotic phytoplankton to total autotrophic organic carbon (< 20 μm), and (3) decreased the abundances of diatoms and cryptophytes. We discuss the implications of our findings for the classification of phytoplankton functional types in biogeochemical and ecological ocean models. As phytoplankton taxonomic composition and size affects productivity, biogeochemical cycling, ocean carbon storage and marine food web dynamics, the results provide essential information for models aimed at predicting future states of the ocean.


Malignant melanoma of the middle ear Dear Sir, We were interested to read in the December 1991 issue of the journal a case report entitled, 'Primary Mucosal Malignant Melanoma of the Middle Ear' by Sherman et al. The introduction to this report misleadingly indicated that cutaneous malignant melanoma of the external acoustic meatus is a relatively common condition. 'The skin of the external ear and canal is the third most common site of head and neck melanoma', is a statement of fact attributed to Conley in his series of head and neck melanomas published in 1990. Unfortunately analysis of Conley's series of 995 cases of head and neck melanomas indicates that no malignant melanomas were found in the external auditory meatus although three were situated in the middle ear. Kagan et al. also describe a case of malignant melanoma of the middle ear in the case report published in 1982. Stal et al. (1986) indicated that 13 per cent of head and neck melanomas occurred on the ear but agree with widespread opinion that there is a, 'direct relationship between sunlight and melanoma'. Sy 1 ven etal.(\ 950) in a series of 36 cases of malignant melanoma treated between 1928 and 1944, described four cases of lesions encountered in the central auricular area and included the ear canal in this category. However, photographs accompanying the text indicate the canal lesions to be situated at the canal entrance and therefore in an area exposed to sunlight. Conley (1990) exhibits a photograph of an ear canal malignant melanoma, also occurring at the canal entrance in the publication of his melanoma series but puzzlingly does not acknowledge it in his text. In view of these reports we were surprised that you were unable to publish a report we submitted in 1991 of a malignant melanoma occurring in the deep external acoustic meatus in an area not exposed to sunlight. To our knowledge there have been no descriptions in the literature of primary cutaneous malignant melanomas occurring in this area. Yours faithfully, A. Banerjee, D. Meikle F.R.C.S., Freeman Hospital, High Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN


Th e presented study employed an emotional intelligence framework as a means of explicitly examining the emotional competences and experiencing job satisfaction or burnout. Emotional intelligence is hypothesized to have a positive relationship with higher job satisfaction and negative with burnout. Firstly, the variables are discussed on the basis of existing concepts and research. Th e second part presents my own research: methodology outline, main data and discussion. Results showed that emotional intelligence was a negative signifi cant predictor (r=0.54, p<0.05) of burnout symptoms, and a positive signifi cant predictor of job satisfaction (r=0.37, p<0.05). Th e paper concludes with a discussion of the pedagogical implications, teaching professionalization and recommendations for future research.


SRAM bit fail maps (BFM) are routinely collected during earlier phases of yield ramping, providing a rich source of information for IC failure and deformation learning. In this paper, we present an automated approach to analyzing BFM data efficiently. We also demonstrate the usability of our analysis framework using real BFM test data from a large, modern SRAM test vehicle.


Despite decades of research, understanding of the basic physical mechanisms governing the deflagration-todetonation (DDT) transition still remains largely elusive. Fundamentally, detonation ignition through DDT requires two basic ingredients. First, the flame must be significantly accelerated from the typical highly subsonic speeds characteristic of laminar combustion regimes, and sufficiently large overpressures must be formed in the system. Second, once strong shocks are formed, actual detonation ignition must take place. Countless open questions of fundamental nature remain concerning both of these aspects of DDT. In fact, an extreme multi-scale, multiphysics nature of this process arguably make DDT one of the "Grand Challenge" problems of classical physics, and any meaningful advances toward its conclusive resolution would require revolutionary breakthroughs in experiments, theory, and numerical modeling.


Macroheterocycles containing aza-14-crown-4 ether subunit were synthesized by one-step domino reaction. They are interesting objects for study of physicochemical properties and types of transformation. The N-acylated and N-alkylated aza-14-crown-4 ethers were obtained in good yields. The new hybrid compound – bis(furanyl)triazinethiolazacrown ether – was formed by S-alkylation of N-chloroacyl derivative ( 3 ). According to the PASS program, these substances can be inhibitors of the permeability of cell membrane and act also as a CYP2H substrate.


By means of irreducible characters for the symmetric group, formulas have previously been given for the number of ways of writing permutations in a given conjugacy class as products of transpositions. These formulas are alternating sums of binomial coefficients and powers of integers. Combinatorial proofs are obtained in this paper by analyzing the action of a partial differential operator for symmetric functions.


Palm sugar-like flavouring (PSLF) can be produced by heating a mixture of amino acids, sugar and sodium phosphate buffer (NaHPO4) via the Maillard reaction. The
main problem of the resulting PSLF was the saltiness and presence of a significant amount of acrylamide. Thus, the main objective of this research was to minimise the
saltiness and acrylamide without adversely affecting the PSLF aroma quality. This study consisted of the following three main stages: the first stage involved preliminary and response surface methodology (RSM) experiments; the second stage involved the replacement of NaHPO4 with potassium phosphate (KHPO4) buffer; and finally, a sensory evaluation of the optimised PSLF in food was carried out. The modified PSLF buffer system significantly (p<0.05) reduced the sodium content from 728.19 ± 26.68 to 45.90 ± 0.55 mg/g fresh weight (FW) in comparison with the original PSLF. PSLF without CaCl2 was found to contain higher acrylamide and lower flavour contents compared to the other concentration levels. Based on preliminary results, a two-factor, three-level face-centred central composite design
was employed to optimise the CaCl2 (20-80 mg/L) and asparagine concentrations (0-25.50 mM). Both CaCl2 and asparagine exhibited a positive linear interaction
(p<0.05) effect on acrylamide. Acrylamide was lowest in the presence of 20 mg/L CaCl2 and 0 mM asparagine. Both factors imparted a quadratic effect on all of the flavour compounds, namely 2-ethyl-3, 5-dimethylpyrazine (EDMP), 2, 3-diethyl-5- methylpyrazine (DEMP), 5H-5-methyl-6, 7-dihydroxycyclopentapyrazine and 4H-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (furaneol). Without the use of asparagine did not
negatively affect the overall PSLF flavour quality. Thus, the optimised concentrations were 20 mg/L CaCl2 and 0 mM asparagine.
By using the optimised formula, the Na2HPO4 in PSLF was replaced with various concentrations of K2HPO4 to further reduce the sodium content. A 0.200 M concentration of K2HPO4 most effectively reduced the sodium content while
providing a good flavour profile in the PSLF. This final optimised formula was subjected to hedonic preference testing in comparison to the commercial palm sugars
in sago-based palm sugar. PSLF was less preferred and received lower acceptability in contrast to the commercial products, which might be explained by consumer familiarity with the commercial products, causing the testers to not accept the novel taste. Additionally, based on a few comments on the perception of sourness in PSLF, the taste of the product could be improved by further amending the PSLF formula in the future.


Asherman's syndrome is a rare, acquired, gynecological disorder of the uterus but there is no clear consensus about management and treatment. It also known as intrauterine synechiae or uterine synechiae. Synechiae means adhesions. It is characterized by the bonding of scar tissue that lines the walls of the uterus, which decreases the volume of the uterine cavity. It can be severe (more than 75% of the front and back walls of the uterus can fuse together) to moderate and mild, where only smaller portions of the uterine wall fuses together. Patients can experience the symptoms depending on the severity of the disease, ie reduced menstrual flow, amenorrhea, increased uterine muscle cramping, abdominal pain and in some case women can develop infertility. The initiation of hysteroscopy has revolutionized its diagnosis and management and also it is considered the most valuable tool in diagnosis and management. The treatment options like hysteroscopic surgery as well as preventive (Foley catheter) and restorative therapies (hormone treatment) and newer option of stem cell treatments are also currently being explored to treat severe cases of Asherman's syndrome.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomechanics of jumping and landing in defense between beginner and professional volleyball players. 10 professional volleyball players from Iranian leagues and 10 beginners with less than 2 years of training experience participated in this study. Selected kinetic and kinematic variables in jump and landing movement in 5 tasks of volleyball defense was analyzed. There were no significant differences between beginners and professional groups in different types of jumping and landing in the phase of preparation, jumping and landing in the variables of ground reaction force in different directions except the variable YP1 in the side stepping to the left (P = 0.029) and loading rate. The results also showed that the knee flexion angle at the moment of landing in all jumps was significantly higher in professional volleyball players than in the beginner group. The difference between the groups in maximum knee flexion in the landing phase was also significant in all jumps except the side stepping to the left (p <0.05) ). Professional volleyball players have a lower risk of ACL injury than beginner volleyball players. As a result, to reduce the risk of ACL injury in beginners, it is necessary to pay attention to landing exercises and focus on increasing the flexion angle.


Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online's data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. ABSTRACT This paper describes part of a solution to the interpretation of human-readable policy documents into semi-automatic conformance checking. Using a socio-cognitively motivated representation of shared knowledge, and applying appropriate inference mechanisms from a normative perspective, a mechanism to automatically detect potentially non-conforming blog entries is detailed. Candidate non-conforming blog entries are flagged for a human to make a judgement on whether they should be published. Analysis of data from a public corporate blog is analysed and results suggest the methodology has merit.


The microcellular foaming of vulcanizates made from chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) rubber and its kaolin-filled compounds was carried out with supercritical nitrogen. The effects of various curing times, temperatures of the vulcanizates, and kaolin filler contents in the vulcanizates on the prepared foams were studied. The foaming of the vulcanizates with various crosslinking densities revealed the critical effect the crosslinking density of the CSM matrix played on its foaming. A certain sufficient level of crosslinking density was most effective for the foaming of the matrix; a higher crosslinking density led to a decreased cell size, increased cell density, and decreased matrix expansion in the foams. The effect of the crosslinking density was due to its effect on the free volume of the elastomeric matrix, which controlled the gas diffusion from the matrix during the pressure-release stage of the foaming operation. The incorporation of kaolin decreased the cell size and increased the cell density of the foams; the decreased free volume and the heterogeneous cell nucleation effect of the kaolin contributed to this. The tensile strength of the foams significantly improved with increasing kaolin content in the foams. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45656.


We present a new R package, a tscvh (two samples cross-variance homogeneity), as we called it. This package is a software of the cross-variance statistical test which has been proposed and introduced by Fajriyah ([3] and [4]), based on the cross-variance concept. The test can be used as an alternative test for the significance difference between two means when sample size is small, the situation which is usually appeared in the bioinformatics research. Based on its statistical distribution, the p-value can be also provided. The package is built under a homogeneity of variance between samples.


Objective: To evaluate the influence of enhanced recovery pathway (ERP) on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and return to intended oncologic therapy (RIOT) after colorectal surgery. Background: ERP improves early outcomes after colorectal surgery; however, little is known about its influence on PROMs and on RIOT. Methods: Prospective multicenter enrollment of patients who underwent colorectal resection with anastomosis was performed, recording variables related to patient-, institution-, procedure-level data, adherence to the ERP, and outcomes. The primary endpoints were PROMs (administered before surgery, at discharge, and 6 to 8 weeks after surgery) and RIOT after surgery for malignancy, defined as the intended oncologic treatment according to national guidelines and disease stage, administered within 8 weeks from the index operation, evaluated through multivariate regression models. Results: The study included 4529 patients, analyzed for PROMs, 1467 of which were analyzed for RIOT. Compared to their baseline preoperative values, all PROMs showed significant worsening at discharge and improvement at late evaluation. PROMs values at discharge and 6 to 8 weeks after surgery, adjusted through a generalized mixed regression model according to preoperative status and other variables, showed no association with ERP adherence rates. RIOT rates (overall 54.5%) were independently lower by aged > 69 years, ASA Class III, open surgery, and presence of major morbidity; conversely, they were independently higher after surgery performed in an institutional ERP center and by ERP adherence rates > median (69.2%). Conclusions: Adherence to the ERP had no effect on PROMs, whereas it independently influenced RIOT rates after surgery for colorectal cancer.


Fire risk in Austrian pine (Pinus nigra) plantations under various temperature and wind conditions The Austrian pine (Pinus nigra), an introduced conifer in Hungary, forms a highly flammable vegetation type. The fire risk of such stands was examined using McArthur's empirical forest fire danger model. Our study focused on the effects of temperature and wind speed on fire behaviour. By keeping the input parameters of the model constant while changing temperature andwind speed within a specified interval the resulting fire danger index (FDI) and fire behaviour were examined. The applied fixed parameters were: 30 °C temperature, 30% relative humidity, 30 km h-1 wind speed, 30 degree of slope and drought factor value 10. The annual trends of the Byram-Keetch drought index (BKDI) and the drought factor were also calculated. Our results show that increasing temperature and wind speed raises the FDI, flame height, rate of fire spread (ROS) and spotting distance. The amount of fuel does not influence the FDI, but increasing the amount promotes the ROS and raises the flame height. Wind speed was the most important factor in the ROS. A serious fire risk of these plantations was determined. The reliability of McArthur's model was proved by comparison of our results with experimental laboratory data based on literature.


One important challenge a teacher faces is to ensure that students learn. Learning is a concerted effort of both the teacher and the student himself. Aside from teachers providing opportunities conducive for learning, students have different ways to learn depending on their personal learning characteristics. Exploring how students regulate their own learning is something important to investigate. This descriptive case study used interview and employed coding procedure to explore the varieties of student's self-regulatory learning strategies. Findings reveal that varieties of self-regulated learning strategies were employed by students both inside and outside of the classroom as they continue to finish learning tasks. Results further imply that even lecture method which is a less active teaching strategy can also develop or sustain the students to become self-regulated learner. This study helps teachers to identify self-regulated learning strategies giving them idea on how they can provide more opportunities to sustain identified learning strategies for effective learning to take place.


We introduce canonical principal parameters on any strongly regular minimal surface in the three dimensional sphere and prove that any such a surface is determined up to a motion by its normal curvature function satisfying the Sinh-Poisson equation. We obtain a classification theorem for bi-umbilical hypersurfaces of type number two. We prove that any minimal hypersurface of type number two with involutive distribution is generated by a minimal surface in the three-dimensional Euclidean space, or in the three dimensional sphere. Thus we prove that the theory of minimal hypersurfaces of type number two with involutive distribution is locally equivalent to the theory of minimal surfaces in the three dimensional Euclidean space or in the three-dimensional sphere.


The Present study was aimed to estimate normal reference values of some humoral immune indices such as Immunoglubulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) and complement proteins (C3, C4) and cellular immune indices like the percentage and absolute number of T-cells of healthy people with the age (2049) in the Basrah province center. A single radial Immunodiffussion method was applied to determine the concentration of IgG,IgA,IgM,C3 and C4,while resetting quantification was used to calculate the percentage and absolute number of T-lymphocytes. According to the results of single radial Immunodiffusion test, IgG, IgM and C3 means were significantly associated with sex of studied persons( P <0.05) and not significantly with age . The higher values for IgG and IgM means were observed in females compared to males. In contrast IgA and C4 means values were statistically different (p<0.05) according to age of persons but there was no effect for the sex on the IgA means. The results of E-rosette test, revealed that there was significant effect (P <0.05) for the sex and age on the percentage of T-lymphocytes .the statistical analysis to absolute number of T-lymphocytes revealed that there was significant(P <0.05) affected by the sex in case of females in contrast to males in all age groups. Keyword: reference value ,immunoglobulines ,complement components ,Tcell, healthy people Determination of reference values of... . S . W , Shani . & M , S , Hamid


In the year 2001, based on technical benchmarks among selected oil companies, Pertamina has adopted dual career ladders: Technical and Managerial. The purpose of this paper is to report successes and failures in implementing TCP during the 1992 to 2007 period. The methodology consists of three stages: a preparation stage, an implementation stage, and results. The preparation stage occurred during the 1992 to 2000 period, and was comprised of selecting and upgrading potential technical staff members from all operational regions to pursue their PhD degree through research abroad, namely in the USA, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. By the year 2000, 17 PhD graduates in Geology, Geophysics, Petroleum and Process Engineering had returned to Pertamina. In 2001 Pertamina established its Technical Support Group (TSG) Division, known as Divisi Jasa Teknologi EP. Each TSG member was given the title of Specialist. The TSG followed the technical career path ladder. The roles of TSG were mainly to assess all annual technical proposals and to produce professional recommendations for Management. On the other hand, each individual specialist was also assigned to solve specific problems in required operational areas. The benefits accrued in implementing TCP, namely better planning for our annual training program, with a deeper understanding of operational problems through practicing research knowledge. Rapid changes in Pertamina organization, however, challenges the original expectations In conclusion, a long-sighted vision and strong commitment from top Management are the key to be successful in implementing TCP. Moreover, top management should establish a system whereby the technical and managerial ladder are given the same


The invention discloses sag measurement device for a concrete rod grounding wire. According to the sag measurement device, a horizontal observation plate is arranged on a support rod capable of telescoping to adjust a length by virtue of a first universal connection structure, the support rod is arranged on a concrete rod fixing structure which is fixedly connected to a concrete rod by virtue of a second universal connection structure, and then bubbles in a bubble tube can be levelled through observation by adjusting the universal connection structure connected with the horizontal observation plate so as to adjust a measurement scale fixing device to be at a horizontal position, and the horizontal height of the horizontal line where the horizontal observation plate is located is adjusted by adjusting the length of the support rod. During a sag measurement for the concrete rod grounding wire by virtue of the measurement device disclosed by the invention, only the telescopic rod of the support rod and the universal connection structure need to be adjusted instead of manually frequently binding a sag plate, thus obviously reducing the complexity of the operation and increasing the efficiency of the sag measurement.


With the rapid development of computer technology,computer software has a certain threat,including software and restructuring.Java program obfuscation technique is a kind of special coding techniques,can resist reverse engineering and engi neering,protection of software intellectual property.


Quite recently, boron-free nickel base filler metals wi th small amounts of phosphorus (compared to standardized phosphorus-containing filler metals) were developed for use, especially in nuclear industries. These filler metals can be brazed at temperatures similar to those of low melting boroncontaining nickel-base filler metals. By varying brazing parameters such as process atmosphere, clearance, condition of brazing surface, or brazing time and temperature, the structure in the high temperature brazed joint wi l l be considerably influenced and, wi th that, its quality or strength properties. The study discussed in this paper demonstrates the influence of different brazing temperatures and brazing times wherein all other brazing parameters were constant. The investigations were made at base metal-filler metal combinations between three types of filler metals wi th one base metal. These filler and base metals are characterized in Tables 1 and 2. Table 2 shows the 0.2% yield strength R", and the ultimate tensile strength Rra at time of supply and after heat treatment during the brazing cycle. The AWS single-lap shear test specimen was used for strength determinations.-


In a recent paper, Kelkar and Patankar presented a mathematical analysis of the laminar flow heat transfer in a parallel-plate channel whose walls were fitted with a series of equidistant staggered fins placed transversely to the flow direction. Kelkar and Patankar presented their results in a combined graphic and tabular form, and discussed the flow behavior and heat transfer characteristics on the basis of how they were affected by each of the pertinent parameters. Specifically, the effect of each parameter on the overall Nusselt number was discussed based on the changes observed as the parameter was varied through a range of numbers while all the other variables were kept constant. Although this is a perfect way to evaluate the relative importance of these parameters on the Nusselt number, graphic results such as these are hardily useful to a designer, who expects to have a correlation between the Nusselt number and all the other parameters in one expression. This note fulfills that need.


It is revealed in the study that the heavy metal concentration of Pb,Cu,Zn in the leaves of urban trees (Sabina chinesis,Platycladus orientalis,Euonymus japonicus,Platanus acerifolia, Prunus cerasifera) is significantly related with the relative heavy metal contents in atmospheres of different urban regions of Yantai city, while no such relationship is found in heavy metal Cd, and that the heavy metal amounts of Pb,Cd,Cu,Zn in urban soils had no direct impacts on the heavy metal concentrations in leaves of urban trees. The results suggested that heavy metal contents in leaves of urban trees is able to indicate the degree of heavy metal pollution in urban atmospheres. In the 5 investigated urban trees Sabina chinesis ranked first in Pb and Cd accumulated in leaves, while Platanus acerifolia in Cu and Zn. For accumulating capacity to Pb the urban trees ranked as following: S.chinesisP. orientalisE. JaponicusPl.acerifoliaPr.Cerasifera, to Cd: S.ChinesisP.orientalis E.japonicusPr.cerasiferaPl.acerifolia, to Cu: Pl.acerifoliaS.chinesisP.orientalisE.japonicusPr.cerasifera, to Zn: Pl.acerifoliaS.chinesisP.orientalis Pr.cerasifera E.japonicus. The chief heavy metal contaminants in urban atmospheres are Pb, Cu and Zn. The total pollution state of atmospheric heavy metals in investigated urban regions is showed as following: Power Plant regionBus Station regionMunicipal regionQishan regionUniversity region.


Objective To determine the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6(TRAF6) in MDPC-23 cell in response to different concentrations of LPS.Methods Mouse odontoblast-like cells(MDPC-23) were cultured in vitro.After MDPC-23 was intervened with 0 μg/ml(control group),10 μg/ml and 20 μg/ml LPS,RT-PCR and computerized image analysis were applied to examine the changes of TRAF6 gene expression.Results Expression of TRAF6 gene tested positive in MDPC-23,which appeared up-regulated after LPS intervention.Conclusion TRAF6 might have a role in the development and progression of dental caries by involvement in cytokine network of LPS-induced MDPC-23 inflammatory injury.


Objective Analyse the clinic meaning of the usage of fetal monitoring during the stages of labor.Methods Looking on 60 cases in our Hospital from January to May in 2009 as the researched groups,monitor fetal heart during the whole labor process,another 360 cases as the matched group during which the fetal hearts were auscultated in the traditional way.Results The rate of fetal distress in the matched group is higher the researched group(p 0.05).The incidence rate of the asphyxia of newborn in the researched group in much lower(p 0.01).The cesarean rate in the researched group is rather higher(p 0.05).Conclusion Puerperas should accept routine examination to fetal heart in order to find the abnormal fetal change,to treat as early as possible,reduce the death rate,and,most importantly,to increase the quality of obstetrics and mankind.


ABSTRACT: A long-term study (15 year) was established on 10 representative marginal soil series and attempted unsuccessfully on three others in Tennessee to evaluate productivity for forage mass or fiber. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) was evaluated for production and two tree species, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) were planted for fiber production. Some soils had good potential for forage and fiber production, while other soils should be considered for alternate uses not involving harvesting or grazing. Tall fescue forage mass varied among soils (2.4 to over 6 Mg/ha/yr [1.1 to over 2.7 ton/acre/yr]). On most sites, because of topography and accessibility, grazing would be the preferred utilization for tall fescue. Loblolly pine generally grew better on Wolftever clay loam (Hapludult) and Philo sandy clay loam (Dystrudept) than on other soils. Response of American sycamore to Memphis silt (Haptudalf), which is not a marginal soil and was included as a control, and that of some of the more productive marginal soils in the study, suggests that this species requires soils with greater available water than loblolly pine. Alternate, non-commodity uses for droughty and severely eroded soils, such as the Ruston clay loam (Paleudult) and Lexington loam (Dystrudept), could include conservation and recreational purposes. Management directed toward increasing mast (wildlife food) and habitat to enhance game populations could provide landowners with a supplemental source of income.


Simple Summary Radiotherapy has a key role in treatment of pediatric cancer and has greatly improved survival in recent years. However, vertebrae are often included in the irradiated area, and this may affect growth after treatment. In this study, we examined the relationship of the dose of proton beam therapy with subsequent growth of 353 vertebral bodies in 23 children (10 boys, 13 girls) with a median age at treatment of 4 years old and a median observation period of 13.9 months. Most importantly, we found that the growth rate of vertebral bodies decreased even at a low proton beam therapy dose, which indicates the need for careful planning of the irradiation area in this patient population. Growth inhibition was clearly dose-dependent, and proton beam therapy had the same growth inhibitory effect as photon radiotherapy, at least within the irradiated field. Abstract Impairment of bone growth after radiotherapy for pediatric bone cancer is a well-known adverse event. However, there is limited understanding of the relationship between bone growth and irradiation dose. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed bone growth impairment after proton beam therapy for pediatric cancer. A total of 353 vertebral bodies in 23 patients under 12 years old who received proton beam therapy were evaluated. Compared to the non-irradiated vertebral body growth rate, the irradiated vertebral body rate (%/year) was significantly lower: 77.2%, 57.6%, 40.8%, 26.4%, and 14.1% at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 Gy (RBE) irradiation, respectively. In multivariate analysis, radiation dose was the only factor correlated with vertebral body growth. Age, gender, and vertebral body site were not significant factors. These results suggest that the growth rate of the vertebral body is dose-dependent and decreases even at a low irradiated dose. This is the first report to show that proton beam therapy has the same growth inhibitory effect as photon radiotherapy within the irradiated field.


In this paper we study and compute posterior regret Γ-minimax actions in several estimation problems. We show that under general conditions, posterior regret Γ-minimax actions are Bayes for some prior in the class Γ. We also study some important special cases such as bounded normal means, Poisson means, and regression coefficients estimation.


The Criminal Code (KUHP) has not listed corporations as legal subjects that can be held criminally liable. This is because the description of the perpetrators of crimes is still often associated with acts that are physically carried out by perpetrators while in the socio-economic environment, a criminal offender does not always need to physically commit a crime. Corporate actions are always manifested through human actions that are normally carried out by administrator or management. Therefore, the delegation of management responsibility can become corporate actions (Legal entity) if the act in the socio-economic environment acts as a corporate act. Specific to economic crimes in their efforts to solve them are still using Emergency Law Number 7 of 1955 on Economic Crimes, where corporations can be imposed criminal sanctions when committing economic crimes that fall within the scope of their business activities, theoretically and practically, criminal law subjects that can be accounted for criminally are humans (natuurlijke persoon) and legal entities (rechtpersoon).


From the introductory remarks published in our isaue last week, it will be gathered that the administration of a certain amount of local government has been handed over to statutory bodtes in various parts of Russia. The official position and functions of these local government departments, or Zemstwos, as they appear on paper, may be described in the following manner. The Russian Empire Is divided into provinces (the Russian word actually means governments), and these are sub-divided into districts. With the exception of those areas lying around the Ural Mountains, the whole of European Russia was granted, In the year 1864, a limited amount of local government. Up to this time a feudal system had been in force, and the Zemtswo system was supposed to replace It. The Zemtswo Institutions consist in local assemblies. which have to meet once a year regularly, and which hold one or two extraordinary meetrngs, and their executive bodies, called Uprau:«, The district Zemstwo assemblies, or parliaments, are elective bodies, the members being elected by the community for a period of three years. These assemblies include a "Peasants' Assembly," a "Nobles' Assembly," and a "City Assembly." The third consists of representatlves of the community other than the peasantry and the nobles. In electing the members of the "Nobles" and the "City" Assemblies the large landowners have a direct vote, while the smaller land-holders have indirect voting powers. The executives of the various assemblies consist of from four to six members, who are appointed by the assemblies themselves. The members of the assemblies also elect out of their own number members to sit in the Provtnctal Assemblies. On the other hand, the Provincial Assemblies Include a large number of er officio members who have full voting rights. For example, in one Provincial Zemstwo Assembly having 60 elected members, there are 25 es: offir'io members, representauve of the various State Departments, and of the Church. The Provincial Assemblies elect their own executive bodies, or standing boards, of six members with a chairman.


Many people recognize software development as intellectual activities of developers-so called art. To solve this problem and apply an engineering approach to software development, CASE technology has been studied. This technology becomes the center of public interest, but the evaluation of its results is conflicting. The paper focuses on the reasons for this result. To analyze this problem, the paper suggests various questions. 1. Which growth stages does CASE technology progress in organizations and which determinants are there to analyze this? 2. What are the perceived benefits of using CASE technology? 3. What is the relationship between these benefits and growth stages? 4. How do the situational factors have an effect on this relationship? For these research questions, the study analyzes growth stages of CASE technology and its determinants. Based on these, the study explains the relationship between the benefits of CASE technology and growth stages in organizations as well as 5 determinants. The result of the study may be useful for suggesting a conceptual model to evaluate the current level of CASE technology utilization in the organization, as well as when is the appropriate time to evaluate the benefits of CASE technology.


ABSTRACT Air flooding can be successfully applied in a low-temperature reservoir due to the existence of ferrous ions in formation water. However, few published papers can be found about the mechanism of oxidation of crude oil on condition with Fe2+ at a low temperature, by far. Therefore, in order to reveal the mechanism, some static oxidation experiments are carried out at 30°C in this paper. On condition with Fe2+, the rate of oxygen consumption is increased by 2.3 times as that on condition without Fe2+, and the concentration of O2 in the air is decreased to 7.5% after oxidation. According to the results of the changes in the compositions of the air and the crude oil, not only can Fe2+ accelerate the rate of the oxidation but can also affect the pathway of the oxidation. The experimental results can provide a basis for how to further improve the development effect of air flooding in Ganguyi oilfield and safely make use of air flooding in other low-temperature reservoirs.


The effect of oral contraceptives on the visual field and on dark adaptation was studied in 15 women aged 20-30 years. Each was examined twice during the 21-day period of contraceptive administration and twice during the week of no medication. In examinations of both visual field and dark adaptation no impairment was established which lay outside the limits of physiological fluctuation. Contraceptives may thus be considered harmless from the ophthalmological point of view and also with regard to the medical aspects of driving.(AUTHORS MODIFIED)


The power of interpretation of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (the Basic Law) is quite a sensitive and controversial issue. The Basic Law is not only the constitutional law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong or HKSAR), but it is also a national law of China. The bodies exercising the power of interpretation are therefore from both mainland China and HKSAR, and apply different regimes to interpret law. In their attempts to harmonize the conflict between both sides, the lawmakers of the Basic Law have created a unique system for its interpretation. In practice, unfortunately, this unique system still results in disputes – in particular, mainland Chinese scholars argue that when Hong Kong courts examine legislative conduct of the central government, the courts are exceeding their authority over Chinese sovereignty, whilst some Hong Kong scholars assert that the central government interferes with the independence of the Hong Kong judiciary. The case of Ng Ka-Ling and Others v Director of Immigration was the first so-called "constitutional crisis" after the reunification of Hong Kong and the mainland, and prompted conflict involving these kinds of arguments. This paper aims to analyze the different mechanisms used to interpret law in mainland China and HKSAR, describe the disputes arising from the interpretation of the Basic Law in practice, and then put forward some proposals to improve the process of interpretation of the Basic Law.


In order to improve the power of international competition,the relationship of stratagem cooperate partner in the port supply chain logistics management San Diego was set up. The combinatorial port was formed in the cause of competition and cooperate.The concept and meaning of combinatorial port were analyzed.Using system dynamics theory and similitude method,the causality of the combinatorial port,transport requirement of the combinatorial port,and its basic feedback relation of ability supply and economy development were analyzed. The system dynamics model of the combinatorial port was established. The analyse result of Shuzhou Port indicates that the method can offer theories basis for establishing policy of port development.


Many of the diseases that are related to the nervous system are serious and can lead to pain, headaches, and many other symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which produces detailed medical images for the diagnosis of nervous system-related diseases, offers an advanced approach to the study of these diseases. In this paper, a method for the automatic segmentation of the skull, scalp, and brain of 3D MRI imagery is proposed to help doctors diagnose numerous injuries and diseases. For the proposed method, the 3D MRI dataset was first transformed to 2D axial slices, which were grouped based on the skull shape. Second, the histogram method was used to compute the fitting rectangle boundary around the object. Third, the segmentation of the skull was performed using the proposed adaptive region growing method, depending on the slice groups. Finally, the brain and the scalp were segmented. The proposed method was tested and validated on 20 subjects from the BrainWeb database and seven adults from the Neurodevelopmental MRI database with the use of the tissues for the ground truth data. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated using the Dice percentage and a comparison with the other methods.


The utility model discloses a laser lighting device which is combined with a telescope and comprises a laser light source mechanism used for projecting laser, a diverging lens arranged on a laser travelling path of the laser, and a light shape edge trimming component used for trimming the shape of a laser light which is diverged. Laser conducted to light shape edge trimming can be projected to a vision field of the telescope, so as to clearly and uniformly lighten an object to be observed.


Two new Schiff base-hydrazones bearing furan ring, (Z)-4-butoxy-N′-(furan-2-ylmethylene)benzohydrazide (IV) and (Z)-N′-(furan-2-ylmethylene)-4-(hexyloxy)benzohydrazide (V), as well as their Cu(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) complexes have been synthesised and characterised. The DNA-binding and DNA-cleavage activities of both aroylhydrazone ligands and their transition metal complexes were examined using UV-VIS titration and agarose gel electrophoresis in the presence of an oxidative agent (H2O2). The results indicate that the copper complexes bind significantly to calf thymus DNA and effectively cleave pBR322 DNA whereas the nickel and zinc complexes interact slightly with DNA.


Annotationof linguistic dataincreasinglyfocuseson informationbeyond the (morpho-)syntacticlevel. Moreover, annotateddataof less-studiedlanguagesis growing in importance.To maximallyprofit from this data,straightforwardanduser-friendly accesshasto be provided. In this paper , we describea linguistic databasethatis accessedvia a webbrowserandoffersflexible visualizationof multiply annotateddata.Datais internallyrepresentedby a genericXML-basedformat.


BACKGROUND
Inflammatory bowel diseases are frequently associated with extra-intestinal manifestations and other autoimmune disorders. Association between primary sclerosing cholangitis and Crohn's disease is established. However, the association of antiphospholipid syndrome with Crohn's disease was reported in the literature only in the form of isolated case reports.

AIMS
To report a Tunisian case of association of Crohn's disease, primary sclerosing cholangitis and antiphospholipid syndrome.

CASE REPORT
We report the case of a patient presenting a colonic Crohn's disease associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis and antiphospholipid syndrome. Sclerosing cholangitis was diagnosed basing on disturbances of the hepatic biochemical tests. Antiphospholipid syndrome was revealed by a venous thrombosis of the lower limbs.

CONCLUSION
Although the anticardiolipin antibodies were frequently found during the course of primary sclerosing cholangitis, the association with antiphospholipid syndrome is exceptionally described. In the same way, triple association of primary sclerosing cholangitis, Crohn's disease and antiphospholipid syndrome was not brought back in the literature.


The work analyses the articulation of mechanisms aimed at economic development in the framework of territorial planning, supported by the transversal nature of this public service and in the interests of achieving one of its goals: the socio-economic development balanced. And it does so in a figure established by the Valencian Community for this purpose: the strategic territorial actions. The bet made by the strategy Territorial of the Valencian Community in order to achieve a more competitive in the economical, more environmentally friendly in the environmental and territory more integrative socially, has one of its pillars in this figure arising in its origin as a novel to betting by supra-municipal singular intervention actions that contribute to the promotion of economic activity and job creation. Some years after their implantation in the Valencian context, is suitable to check its emergence and development but mainly dyed evolution and the opinion of the courts that have already had the opportunity to pronounce on their suitability for the order legal.


Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a great approach used for measuring relative efficiencies and performance of a collection of Decision Making Units (DMUs). These used in the various forms, such as hospitals, universities, air force, banks, courts, business firms, and others, including the performance of countries, regions, etc. One of the earliest applications of DEA called Education. It was an ideal introduction for DEA because it typically deals with comparisons of many similar and autonomous 'non-profit' entities described by inputs and outputs. Therefore, education served to test and validate DEA as a tool for analysis and decision support. Recently DEA has been extended to examine the efficiency of Higher Education operations. In this paper, a Stochastic Input Oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (SIODEA) Model is conducted for the comparison of evaluating the relative efficiency scores of Faculties of Computers and Information (FCIs) each with some of inputs are stochastic with normally distributed, recent inputs are deterministic and outputs.


: The first virtual Climate Conversations workshop was held on 23 April 2021. The conference was supposed to be an in-person conference on the campus of Xavier University of Louisiana. However, the pandemic posed a challenge. The organizers pivoted and offered the event as a virtual workshop that allowed for international participation from seven different countries. The online opportunity was an all-day thought-provoking workshop where challenges and opportunities presented by climate change and environmental justice scholars were explored.


Sperm whales' clicks can be used to locate source animals in three dimensions using volumetric arrays of four or more sonobuoys. Clicks are detected using algorithms that depend on gender. Males are easier to track: their clicks are loud and distinctive, and there is usually only one male nearby. A simple envelope detector suffices. Females click more quietly, at a higher rate, and they often occur in large groups, resulting in a continuous barrage of clicks. Using a single click as a matched filter detector enhances the detection of clicks coming from a particular animal. Arrival time differences between the different sonobuoys are used to locate the source in three dimensions. A particular animal can be tracked by determining its location over time. An estimate of the number of phonating animals can be made by locating all the source animals during a particular time interval. During NOAAs SWAPS97 sperm whale survey, arrays of four sonobuoys each were placed around groups of diving sperm whales. Clicks f...


Nanocrystalline γ-Al2O3∶Eu3+ phosphor was prepared in sol-gel method with a complexing agent named polyethylene glycol (PEG1000) using aluminum isopropoxide (Al(OC3H7)3) as raw materials. The phase structure, grain size, morphology and photoluminescence properties of the nanocrystalline phosphor were discussed. The results show that the nanocrystalline γ-Al2O3∶Eu3+ phosphor calcined at 800 ℃ for 4 h has high luminescence intensity, the optimum excitation wavelength is 395 nm, the optimum dopant amount x(Eu3+) is 10%, and the main emission is about 617 nm under excitation at 395 nm. The prepared nanocrystalline γ-Al2O3∶Eu3+ powder can be used red phosphor.


Effluents from industries directly pollute water bodies as a result the drinking water sources are contaminated. In present study, removal of methylene blue from aqueous medium by using raw bengal gram husk (RBGH) and microwave assisted urea modified Bengal gram husk (UMBGH) was done. Effect of different parameters such as contact time, shaking speed, adsorbent dose, temperature, pH were studied. Mechanism of adsorption was revealed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption model. Experimental data followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm that is revealed from the R 2 values and adsorption capacity (q max ) 7.915 mg g -1 and 111.178 mg g -1 for both RBGH and UMBGH, respectively. The value of "n" was 1.001 and 0.979 for RBGH and UMBGH which indicated that adsorption was favorable. B T value of RBGH and UMBGH was 5.784 and 4.093, respectively which revealed that adsorption was physical in nature. Present study proved that microwave assisted urea modification of Bengal gram husk greatly increased the removal efficiency of the adsorbent.


The effects of several growth parameters in cylindrical and spherical Czochralski crystal process are studied numerically and particularly, we focus on the influence of the pressure field. We present a set of three‐dimensional computational simulations using the finite volume package Fluent in two different geometries, a new geometry as cylindro‐spherical and the traditional configuration as cylindro‐cylindrical. We found that the evolution of pressure which is has not been studied before; this important function is strongly related to the vorticity in the bulk flow, the free surface and the growth interface. It seems that the pressure is more sensitive to the breaking of symmetry than the other properties that characterize the crystal growth as temperature or velocity fields. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Starting from analyzing the root cause for the absurd group actions of racing to pile up salt in kitchens by Chinese civilians,also known as the "Salt Rush",as they responded to the panic raised by Japan's nuclear crisis this year,the article reveals problems in the process of public science communication.As suggestions,the authors appeal that relevant science knowledge be spread to the public to help people understand correctly the consequences of similar emergencies.While seminars,sci-tech periodicals are among the most useful means,the advents of such events are probably the best time for the communication.


On April 29,the CPAFFC held a reception in Beijing to celebrate the 45th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Equatorial Guinea.Yu Zhengsheng,Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)and Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo,President of Equatorial Guinea,spoke on the occasion.Among the audience of some 150were Abdul'ahat Abdulrixit,former


The evolution of long-term macroeconomic theory is a process whereby dynamic general equilibrium theory expands its sphere of analysis.The neo-classical growth theory uses it to study growth under constant return to scale,whereas the classical economic development theory takes a descriptive approach to look into virtually all the issues in economic development.The new growth theory uses dynamic general equilibrium theory to study growth under increasing return to scale.The formalized economic development theory uses it to analyze economic development.


component, having a device structures carrying chip (CH) which is connected on a surface of the component structures (BS) solderable metallizations (LM) - - with a carrier substrate (TS), which on the lower surface pads (KO) for electrically conductive connection with the component structures of the chip and conductor tracks (LA) are connected to the pads, wherein the pads each include at least partly on the ground of recesses (AN) in the carrier substrate (TS) are exposed, in which - the chip (CH) is arranged in flip-chip assembly by means in the recesses (AN) Bump connections (BU), the solderable metallizations (LM) on the chip and the pads (LA) on the carrier substrate (TS) in an electrically conductive join, is mounted, - the chip at least partially rests on the carrier substrate, - on a chip (CH) or the carrier substrate (TS), a frame (RA) is provided so that part of the device structures is (BS) arranged in a cavity surrounded by the frame and the two facing surfaces of the chip and carrier substrate is, wherein the frame forms the support for the chip or the carrier substrate and - the remaining by the mere resting of chip carrier substrate or on the frame gap is sealed with a chip peripheral closed plumbing jig (LR).


This study aims to determine the analysis of service quality on Shopee customer satisfaction in Sukabumi City. This study uses a service quality model, namely E-ServQual which has seven dimensions, namely, efficiency, reliability, fulfillment, privacy, responsiveness, compensation, and contact. This study uses quantitative methods. The data collection technique used is by distributing questionnaires to obtain primary data, while secondary data is obtained from literature studies. This questionnaire consists of consumer perceptions and expectations. The tests carried out are validity tests and reliability tests which are then carried out by calculating the gap. The calculation results show that the seven dimensions have a negative gap value with three dimensions with the largest gap value, namely the dimensions of compensation, fulfillment and responsiveness, this means that service quality has not met shopee customer satisfaction. The results of this study indicate that the research results contribute to the quality of shopee services in Indonesia and customer satisfaction can be used as input or consideration in developing strategies in the future


A guide to more than 50 shirt-tie combinations which frees the reader to find his way among various types of collars, cuffs and fabrics; to choose a tie (design, width, length) and knot it. Other titles in this series include "Bath", "Scents" and "Scarves".


As global oil demand continues to increase, in recent years, countries have continued to expand the development of oil reserves, highlighting the importance of oil. In order to adapt to different strata distribution conditions, domestic drilling technology is becoming more and more perfect, resulting in a gradual increase in horizontal and inclined wells. Because of the influence of various downhole factors, the flow pattern in the wellbore will be more complex. Accurately identifying the flow pattern of multiphase flow under different well deviation conditions is very important to interpreting the production log output profile accurately. At the same time, in order to keep up with the footsteps of artificial intelligence, big data and artificial intelligence algorithms are applied to the oil industry. This paper uses the GA-BP neural network and random forest algorithm to conduct fluid flow pattern prediction research on the logging data of different water cuts at different inclinations and flow rates. It compares the predicted results with experimental fluid flow patterns. Finally, we can determine the feasibility of these two algorithms for predicting flow patterns. We use the multiphase flow simulation experiment device in the experiment. During the process, the flow patterns are observed and recorded by visual inspection, and the flow pattern is distinguished by referring to the theoretical diagram of the oil-water two-phase flow pattern. The prediction results show that the accuracy of these two algorithms can reach 81.25% and 93.75%, respectively, which verifies the effectiveness of these two algorithms in the prediction of oil–water two-phase flow patterns and provides a new idea for the prediction of oil–water two-phase flow patterns and other phases.


The binary-to-C translation becomes more and more important due to large amount of legacy binaries, since many different architectures including multicores become available to markets. In this paper, we propose the x86 binary-to-C code translator by using the GNU tools and discuss all the issues in detail occurring during the design. We tested our translator with EEMBC telecom suites, and achieved 2.6 times of performance degradation on the translated code in comparison with the original executable on average.


Real-time in situ temperature sensing is of significance in the bio-medical field; however, the low relative temperature sensitivity Sr is one of the major obstacles in the development of nanothermometers. Herein, we provide an effective route that engineers the interfacial layer in a core/shell/shell nanostructure to enlarge the temperature-dependent luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) variations followed by an improved Sr. The CaF2 interlayer is employed to inhibit the interaction between the core and outer shell, and increase the interfacial phonon energy to enhance the negative thermal quenching effect (TQE) of Nd3+ ions in the outer shell and positive TQE of Er3+ ions in the core layer. Based on the temperature-dependent LIR variations of Er (650 nm) to Nd (800 nm), the maximum Sr of 10.01% K-1 and minimum Sr of % 2.56% K-1 are achieved.


This paper introduces two kinds of devices,i.e.,air compression and loose-leaf rapid sluice,aiming at the super-hump operation problem of large-scaled drainage pumps.According to the flood control characteristics of large-scaled drainage pump,a series of water cut-off measures to realize startup,stop,and reverse flow prevention are presented to rapidly,safely,and economically solve the super-hump operation problem of large-scaled drainage pumps.


Nestin, a type VI intermediate filament protein, heterodimerizes with vimentin, desmin, or internexin and forms intermediate filaments 10 nm in diameter. Because the limit of resolution of conventional microscopes is approximately 250 nm, the ability to demonstrate the locations of these proteins has previously been restricted. In the present study, we determined the locations of nestin and vimentin in PANC-1 human pancreatic carcinoma cells by means of 2 novel ultra-high-resolution imaging systems: structured illumination microscopy (SIM, 100-nm resolution) and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM, 20-nm resolution). The SIM system improves resolution by processing moiré images arising from samples excited by structured illumination. STORM makes high-resolution images with the center of mass of individual molecules determined with high precision. Although confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) has demonstrated the filamentous expression of nestin and vimentin (Fig. 1), it produces uninterpretable images at high magnification (Fig. 2a). A corresponding-magnification image captured with SIM clearly resolved filamentous structures, and nestin and vimentin appeared to be merged (Fig. 2b). STORM images revealed the filamentous network created by aggregates of small dots indicating nestin and vimentin molecules (Fig. 2c, d). The nestin and vimentin dots


Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Life Science and Environment Research Institute, National Centre for Genome Technology, KACST, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Drug Exploration & Development Chair, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor 81310, Malaysia City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt


In Wireless sensor networks (WSN), how to collect the major amount of data and reduce the data size is a delinquent issue. The existing methods concentrated on the data similarities based on the threshold limit. Those approaches may reduce the number of wireless communications but may not guarantee the bandwidth requirements. To ensure the communication and bandwidth requirements, clusters are framed based on the relationship of data and information gathering is done at the global level, in the sink node. A tree based routing topology known as convergecast is applied to transfer the collected information among sensors. The main aim of the time scheduling on a single frequency channel is to minimize the number of time slots required (schedule length) to complete convergecast. To reduce the effect of interference, multiple frequency transmission scheduling is implemented. The results predict that the communication and information gathering is greatly reduced without compromising the bandwidth requirements due to this global data collection approach.


The article concerns the main trends of the scientific and educational activity of the university, its achievements for the recent years. The innovative structure of the university ischaracterized as a fundamental for the modern technical education. The article also presents the university development policy as the innovative centre of the Omsk region.


In order to investigate effects of Pd layer thickness on the mechanical properties and microstructures of Sn-3.0 Ag-0.5 Cu solder joints, three different Pd layers, i.e., 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 µm, were employed on the electroless nickel immersion gold [ENIG, Ni-P(5 µm )/Au(0.08 µm)] surface finished flame retardant type 4 (FR4) printed circuit board (PCB) substrates. Our studies showed that the addition of Pd layer in ENIG treatment, i.e., ENEPIG, enhanced the bonding strength of solder joints by reducing the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs), (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 and (Ni, Cu)3Sn4. The different failure modes were also observed – the crack propagation occurred along the interface between P-rich Ni layer and Cu layer in 0.05 µm Pd specimens while specimens with 0.1 µm and 0.15 µm Pd layers showed the crack propagation proceeded mostly inside solders. In this study the effects of Pd layer thickness in ENEPIG surface finish on the bonding strength of solder joints were investigated by means of drop test and ball shear test, followed by observation of microstructures and interfaces using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS).


The primary purpose of this thesis is to improve one's understanding of how physically active women whom are currently in menopause experience this transition both psychologically and physically. H ...


A total of 100 Poultry carcasses suspected for infectious bursal disease were collected from 20 poultry farms and conducted postmortem at the Department of Veterinary Pathology, NTR College of Veterinary science, Gannavaram ( Andra Pradesh , India) . Sick birds showed ruffled feathers, loss of appetite, whitish diarrhea and soiled vent. On postmortem examination, grossly bursa of Fabricius was swollen, enlarged with mucous exudate in lumen and haemorrhages were noticed on the mucosa. Paint brush haemorrhages were noticed on thigh muscles and at the junction of gizzard and proventriculus. Kidneys were swollen and ureters were filled with urate crystals. Histopathology of bursa of Fabricius revealed shrinkage of follicles, severe lymphoid depletion, necrosis, lymphocytolysis and cyst formation in follicles. Diagnosis of the disease was confirmed by targeting the VP2 gene of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) with a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction which revealed an amplicon size of 743bp. Based on gross and histopathological lesions and molecular findings disease was confirmed as infectious bursal disease.


Background Daily Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are fundamental to asthma management, but adherence to them is low in around two-thirds of patients and associated with increased risk of exacerbations and poor symptom control. Currently there is no direct way of assessing adherence to ICS. The primary aim of this project was to determine whether liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) could be used to detect ICS in serum within a time frame that may enable monitoring in clinic; a secondary aim was to investigate whether serum levels related to markers of disease severity. Methods We collected five blood samples over an 8 hr period from patients with severe asthma prescribed at least 1000 mcg daily of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) equivalent. Following baseline sampling, patients were observed taking their usual morning dose. Subsequent blood samples were obtained 1, 2, 4 and 8 hrs post-inhalation and analysed by LC-MS/MS. Limit of quantification (LOQ) for all ICS inhalers was 10 ng/L except for Ciclesonide (CIC) which was 50 ng/l. Correlations between serum ICS levels and clinical data (including exacerbation rate, and spirometry) were investigated. Results 60 patients were recruited, 41 female, 39 prescribed maintenance prednisolone, mean (SD) age 49 (12) yrs, FEV1 63 (20)%predicted. 8 hrs post-inhalation, all patients using budesonide (BUD, n=10) and BDP (15), and all but one using fluticasone propionate (FP, 28) had detectable serum drug levels. Fluticasone Furorate (FF) was detected in two patients (of 4 using FF), while CIC was not detected in any (of 7). Low adherence by prescription refill was identified in 43%. Log blood ICS levels negatively correlated with exacerbation rate, daily ICS dose and log daily prednisolone dose, and (for FP only) positively correlated with FEV1%predicted. Conclusion Commonly used ICS (FP, BUD, BDP) can be reliably detected in the blood at least 8 hrs after dosing, and could therefore have a potential future application as a direct measure of adherence. Higher exacerbation rates and prescribed doses of ICS and prednisolone were associated with lower blood levels. Potential reasons include poor adherence (with inappropriate increase in prescribed dose) and/or poor absorption in those with severe airflow obstruction.


Summary In this article we review some of the problems with the current system of training educational psychologists (EPs) and discuss four possible options for radically overhauling the current system. Common to all options is the recommendation that the qualification should be raised to that of a taught professional Doctorate and that the length of the one year Masters course should be increased to three years. Other suggestions, in particular removing the requirement for a teaching qualification and experience and the possibility of developing generic training courses in applied psychology, are also considered but do not feature in all of the options. However, the implementation of any of these proposals should strengthen links between training courses and the field; this can only work effectively if the services themselves are fully behind the proposed changes. Informal discussions have already taken place among the course tutors, the Division of Educational and Child Psychology (DECP) and its Trainin...


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explain to educators and system developers the novel systemic instructional methodology and tools which the use to improve students' learning about and development of viable ventures and reliable software systems. This methodology is used to counteract impetuous detail – focussed thinking. For example, it has been evident that students often compromise their learning and their design work by failing to take large enough, or systemic enough, long‐term perspectives. Rarely, do they grasp the need for finding and discussing multiple alternative and contextually well‐situated strategies prior to their attempts at designing systems or plunging into the generation of software code.Design/methodology/approach – Both analytic narratives of intentionality and executable prototype models have essential roles to play in learning about and designing systems, and this paper explains how these can be integrated. This is done by three parallel learning‐conversations: about why w...


Testing the parasitic ability of different species of the biocontrol agents by the use of dual culture technique revealed high Inhibition of Trichoderma harzianum1 reached 1 followed by T.harzinum2 and 3 , T.viride ,T.ressei,Ulocladium atrum and Fusaium laterium, while T.longibrachium appeared to have weak parasitic capability which reached 4. When the pathogen S.sclerotiorum was cultured at the center of the petridish ,the isolates 1 and 2 ofT.harzianum proved to have the best inhibition ability to the pathogen by the ratio of 100% .All the tested isolated of the biocontrol agent gave high ability in producing volatile compounds, which inhibited the mycelial growth of the pathogen ,with the best of them was F.laterium (69.9%),there were no significant difference among the three isolates of T.harzianum compared to T.ressei and U.atrum in their production of volatile compounds. HCN production by the biocontrol agents showed high ratio of all the tested antagonists except U.atrum and T.harzianum2 .When two concentrations (30 and 50%) of the culture filterate of the antagonists were added to Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) , they inhibited the radial growth of the pathogen by the ratio of 100% except F.laterium which gave 23.7%. The use of slide culture technique to test the mycoparasitism of the biological agents and the pathogen ,it was noticed coiling of the hyphae around the mycelial growth and penetration of the hyphae of S.sclerotiorum.


Since the introduction of large-scale visualization systems in the energy industry over a decade ago, discussion has focused on the relative benefits, if any, of conducting typical exploration and development tasks in a large visualization environment vs. a desktop display. The only industry specific information with regard to benefits has been anecdotal in nature. Five human performance studies have been conducted over the last five years to quantify the amount of benefit achieved in a set of directional well path planning problems using largescale visualization. These studies have demonstrated that significant, quantifiable improvements in efficiency and accuracy of results are achieved using large-scale visualization environments for design engineering tasks, such as well path planning.


Two new xanthones, designated garcimangosxanthone F (1) and garcimangosxanthone G (2), were isolated from the EtOAc-soluble fraction of ethanolic extract from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana. Their structures were established as 1,6,7-trihydroxy-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-6′,6′-dimethylpyrano[2′,3′:3,2]xanthone and 1,6,7-trihydroxy-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-6′,6′-dimethyl-4′,5′-dihydropyrano[2′,3′:3,2]xanthone, respectively, on the basis of their 1D, 2D NMR and MS data interpretation.


Ribonuclease A (RNase A) is a widely used model system illustrating basic principles of enzyme catalysis. Yet, ambiguity regarding the transition state it stabilizes precludes a complete understanding of its mechanism. Here, we present kinetic isotope effect analyses that provide direct evidence for a late, anionic transition state for RNase A catalyzed RNA 2′‐O‐transphosphorylation similar to catalysis by hydroxide in solution, but with dramatically less charge accumulation on the 5′O. Molecular simulations indicate stabilization of negative charge on the NPOs by H‐bonding with a protonated His12 and Lys41. Quantum chemical calculations consistent with the experimental KIEs provide a unified mechanistic interpretation whereby P‐O5′ bond cleavage is concerted with proton transfer from a protonated His119. Thus, theory and experiment provide strong support that RNase A exploits both direct electrostatic stabilization of the anionic transition state and general acid catalysis, resulting in an altered transition state relative to that observed in solution. This work was supported by grants NIH GM096000 to M.E.H., NSF MCB0717850 to V.E.A., NIH AI081987 to J.A.P. and NIH GM064288 to D.M.Y. D.L.K was supported by NIH training grant T32‐GM008056.


Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme (ACE) plays an important physiological role in the regulation of hypertension. ACE inhibitors can lower hypertension. Lactic acid bacteria are known to produce ACE inhibitors during fermentation. Effect of fermentation time and organic nitrogen source including whey powder, casein hydrolyses, casein peptone, soybean peptone and casein on ACE inhibitory peptides fermented from goat milk by Lactobacillus bulgaricus LB6 was investigated using single factor test. The adding of whey powder and casein hydrolyses were both 0.50, 0.60, 0.70, 0.80 and 0.90%, casein peptone and soybean peptone were both 0.10, 0.30, 0.50, 0.70 and 0.90%, casein was 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50%, respectively. The results were as follows: The optimal fermentation time for ACE inhibitory peptide was 12 h, whey powder, casein peptone, soybean peptone and casein could promote ACE inhibition significantly increase (p<0.05) and optimal concentration was 0.70, 0.90, 0.30 and 0.20%, respectively. Casein hydrolyses could promote growth of L. bulgaricus LB6, but inhibit the production of ACE inhibitory peptide.


syn and anti forms of α-amino-acetophenone oximes R2NCH2(C6H5)CN-X undergo fragmentation to a carbimonium salt (R2NCH2)⊕ X⊖ and benzonitrile upon conversion into esters (e. g. tosylate, benzoate, p-nitro benzoate) or ethers (e. g. 2,4-dinitrophenyl or picryl ether).


This paper gives the details of typical network security model using static VLAN technology and TACACS+ AAA server, also discusses security issues, and their risks, caused by different types of vulnerability, threat, attacks and misconfiguration for VLAN technology, and how prevent it and protect the network by using TACACS+ AAA server, switch and router.


An historical sketch of wave rotor technology to date is given. Numerical and experimental efforts at TPL, directed towards achieving understanding and technical competency in wave rotor technology, are discussed. From an assessment of the promise for useful applications of the technology and the current level of expertise in this field, conclusions and recommendations are presented.


To study the protective efficacy on co-immunization of Schistosoma japonicum ribosomal protein S4(SjRPS4)gene and recombinant protein against Schistosoma japonicum in mice,which all were immunized three times with plasmids pcDNA3.0/SjRPS4,protein of SjRPS4 or both the DNA,and protein boosting vaccination in an interval of 2 weeks.Then they were challenged by 20 cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum 2 weeks after final immunization.All mice were sacrificed after 45 days postchallenge and the numbers of worms and eggs in livers,intestines,feces and uterus tissues were counted.Compared with the normal saline group,the worm reduction rate and egg reduction rate in feces,uterus,livers,and intestine tissues in DNA priming-protein boosting vaccination group were 49.7%,62.6%,46.0%,49.0% and 54.3%,which were significantly higher than those in SjRPS4 DNA group(the worm reduction rate and egg reduction rate in feces,uterus,liver,and intestine tissues were 36.2%,48.7%,35.2%,41.8% and 40.5%)and in recombinant protein group(the worm reduction rate and egg reduction rate in feces,uterus,liver,and intestine tissues were 38.2%,50.1%,38.9% and 42.4%)(P0.05).Results suggested that SjRPS4 DNA and recombinant protein vaccination could induce partial protective immunity against Schistosoma japonicum in mice.Meanwhile,the DNA priming-protein boosting vaccination regimen is better than the single vaccination.


Non-contact video measurement methods are used to extend the capabilities of standard measurement systems, based on strain gauges or accelerometers. In most cases, they are able to provide more accurate information about the material or construction being tested than traditional sensors, while maintaining a high resolution and measurement stability. With the use of optical methods, it is possible to generate a full field of displacement on the surface of the test sample. The displacement value is the basic (primary) value determined using optical methods, and it is possible to determine the size of the derivative in the form of a sample deformation. This paper presents the application of a non-contact optical method to investigate the deformation of coarse soil material. For this type of soil, it is particularly difficult to obtain basic strength parameters. The use of a non-contact optical method, followed by a digital image correlation (DIC) study of the sample obtained during the tests, effectively completes the description of the behaviour of this type of material.


•  Growth and production of Sphagnum balticum and interspecific competition between S. balticum and either Sphagnum lindbergii or transplanted Sphagnum papillosum, were studied in a 4-yr field experiment in a poor fen. •  Temperature and influxes of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) were manipulated in a factorial design. The mean daily air temperature was increased by 3.6°C with glasshouse enclosures. Nitrogen loads were increased 15-fold and S loads seven-fold compared with the natural loads up to influxes observed during the 1980s in south-western Sweden. •  Production of S. balticum decreased with increasing temperature and N-influx. The N treatment significantly reduced the incremental length of S. balticum, and this reduction was reinforced with time (24% in the first year to 51% in the final year). The area covered by S. lindbergii changed with time in all treatments and S. papillosum area increased significantly in the temperature-treated plots. •  Growth, production and competitive patterns change if the environmental conditions change. Increased N deposition and raised temperature may transform mires currently dominated by Sphagnum into vascular-plant-dominated mires.


Glycerol, as a by-product of biodiesel production, has recently increased due to the rapid growth of the biodiesel industry. Glycerol utilization is needed to increase the added value of glycerol. Glycerol can be converted to solketal, which can be used as a green fuel additive to enhance an octane or cetane number. Conversion of glycerol to solketal was conducted via acetalization reaction with acetone using amberlyst-15 as the catalyst. The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of some operation conditions on glycerol conversion. Furthermore, it also aimed to develop a kinetic model of solketal synthesis with amberlyst-15 resins. The experiment was conducted in a batch reactor, equipped with cooling water, thermometer, stirrer, and a water bath. The variables that have been investigated in the present work were reaction temperature, reactants molar ratio, catalyst loading, and stirrer speed for 3 hours of reaction time. Temperatures, reactants molar ratio, and stirrer speed appeared to have a significant impact on glycerol conversion, where the higher values led to higher conversion. On the other hand, in the presence of catalyst, the increase of catalyst loading has a less significant impact on glycerol conversion. The results showed that the highest glycerol conversion was 68.75%, which was obtained at 333 K, the reactant's molar ratio was  4, the amount of catalyst was 1 wt%, and stirrer speed of 500 rpm. Based on the pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model, the resulting kinetic model suitable for this glycerol capitalization. The value of parameters k and Ea were 1.6135 10 8 min -1 and 62.226 kJ mol -1 ,respectively. The simulation model generally fits the experimental data reasonably well in the temperature range of 313-333 K.


The dynamic response of twin circular unlined tunnels is studied by indirect boundary integral equation method (IBIEM). The twin tunnels are assumed to lie in an unbounded elastic space subjected to blasting P waves. The influence of incident angle on the distribution of DSCF around the twin tunnels is analyzed. Besides, the influences of normalized wave number αa and normalized distance d* (ratio of spacing distance to tunnel radius) on the reference DSCF, that is, the peak DSCF for different incident angles with an assurance rate of 95%, are discussed. Results show that 1) the IBIEM is a high-precision method analyzing the DSCF around twin circular unlined tunnels induced by blasting P waves; 2) the incident angle θ 0, αa, and d* all have significant influences on the distribution of DSCF; 3) for a constant d*, the peak DSCF around the right tunnel is slightly greater than the left one; 4) the reference DSCF decreases exponentially with the increasing of αa or d*, and the corresponding fitting functions are proposed.


We derive a dispersion relation for direct-channel reactions of the type $a+b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}c+d$ with ${m}_{b}={m}_{d}$, e.g., $\ensuremath{\gamma}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}N$, which involves contributions from both forward and backward scattering of the direct channel and backward scattering of the crossed channel but no contribution from unphysical regions of the direct channel. In particular, the integral involving the direct-channel contribution is evaluated along the boundary of the physical region. Our result, in the case of elastic scattering, i.e., ${m}_{a}={m}_{c}$, reduces to the familiar backward dispersion relation.


Give a Dog a Genome, the Animal Health Trust's (AHT) canine genetics research project, has reached its next major milestone with half of the breeds involved in the project having had their DNA sent off for whole genome sequencing. Launched in 2016, Give a Dog a Genome is a project to create the UK's largest canine genome bank, with the aim of enhancing understanding of canine genetics and inherited diseases in dogs. The project originally aimed to sequence 50 breeds, but added interest and funding meant that this was extended to 77. A collaboration between the Animal Health Trust and the Kennel Club Charitable Trust, the project has now collected DNA samples from 40 dogs, comprising 38 different breeds, and sent them off for sequencing. The concept behind the project is that by sequencing the whole genome of each breed a lot will be learnt about which genetic variants are neutral and which may have a negative effect on health. Most of the dogs tested so far are affected with one of 16 different inherited diseases, with epilepsy, progressive retinal atrohy, cataracts, glaucoma, brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome and cancers featuring prominently. These six diseases will act as key research areas for the Give a Dog a Genome project. A total of 86 dogs from the 77 breeds will be sequenced as part of the project. Cathryn Mellersh, head of canine genetics at the AHT, said: 'To be this far through the sequencing stage half way through 2017 is fantastic progress. There's been an enormous amount of work going on behind the scenes at the AHT since we launched Give a Dog a Genome and there is a huge amount of work still to do in terms of processing and analysing the sequence data we have so far, as well as getting the remaining DNA samples selected and prepared for sequencing, but we hope to have all of the DNA sequenced by the end of year so that we can really focus on the analysis phase in 2018, and really start to use the genome bank to identify disease mutations. 'The knowledge we will gain through Give a Dog a Genome will help all future canine genetic investigations at the AHT, involving any breed of dog. in addition, as we share and publish our findings, our knowledge will help researchers all over the world to research inherited health problems in dogs.' A second phase of the project, Give a Dog a Genome 2, is anticipated for 2018 and will include any additional breeds wishing to participate.


Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) powders were synthesized by using a reverse-strike precipitation at three different temperatures, precisely at 5°, 25° and 60°C, to investigate the influence of the co-precipitation temperature on the precursor product and on its crystallization path. The synthesis temperature resulted to strongly affect the crystallization temperature, the phases appearance, their thermal evolution and the homogeneity of the final product. In the case of the powder synthesized at 25°C, the kinetic of the crystallization process was investigated by using an isothermal method. Amorphous powders were instantaneous heated at various temperatures (in the range between 855° and 955°C) for different times (from 0.1 up to 70 hours). By plotting all the experimental data, they resulted not to be well fitted by a single Avrami linear plot but initial and final regions can be distinguished. The initial data are affected by the crystallization of the non-equilibrium h-YAlO 3 phase near to the YAG one, and therefore they can be considered with precaution; on the contrary for longer time data, kinetic parameters were obtained and an activation Energy for the crystallization process of 155 kJ/mol was determined.


Internal customer performance towards an organization goals and main objectives is very important factors for the success of a company and this commitment; it is necessary to understand what motivates and make them feel satisfied.

Internal customer satisfaction and motivation are considered as a continuing challenge at a work environment in an organization. It is the purpose of this research to investigate and to analyze the factors which motivates the internal customers, considering the influence of the core values and core competencies in the job satisfaction towards the organization.

Literature research as well as a questionnaire with Likert-type items with five options each was used to study the population in question, its statistical segment consists of one-hundred and eight (108) internal customers, the data collection took place in a specific bank organization in the city of Tegucigalpa Honduras and was analyzed statistically with SPSS; the analysis and the evaluation of the information was performed in Yuan Ze University in Neili, Taiwan.

As a result, was determined a strong relationship between the core values and core competencies with the internal customer job-satisfaction; since this is the first time this type of research has been done in this bank organization, the results obtained could help to design a human resource strategy that promotes the importance of including the core values and core competencies factors, and as well this information can be generalized to most Central America industries concerned about their working environment.