The emergence and application of new information and communication technologies promote the global economic and social developments;meanwhile they also led to the emergence of digital divide.With the in-depth application of electronic technology in various fields,e-government,as an integration of modern concept of government management and information technology,has come into being and gradually become a strategy of priority in many countries.Scholars of e-government and the digital divide have made tremendous achievements,but little attention has been paid to the digital divide in the construction of e-government. Therefore,from this perspective,through a review of relevant literatures,theoretical clarification and a analysis of the digital divide,we hope to find out how to walk out of the plight of digital divide in China's development of e-government.


This paper introduces a nonparametric framework for the setting where multiple networks are observed on the same set of nodes, also known as multiplex networks. Our objective is to provide a simple parameterization which explicitly captures linear dependence between the different layers of networks. For non-Euclidean observations, such as shapes and graphs, the notion of "linear" must be defined appropriately. Taking inspiration from the representation of stochastic processes and the analogy of the multivariate spectral representation of a stochastic process with joint exchangeability of Bernoulli arrays, we introduce the notion of edge coherence as a measure of linear dependence in the graph limit space. Edge coherence is defined for pairs of edges from any two network layers and is the key novel parameter. We illustrate the utility of our approach by eliciting simple models such as a correlated stochastic blockmodel and a correlated inhomogeneous graph limit model.


Background: Many patients, chiefly teenagers, seek effective treatment for acne vulgaris. Besides topical treatments, antibiotics, and anti-androgens, herbal treatments have been used against it. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effects of an herbal combination based on Prunus domestica L., Tamarindus indica L., Terminalia chebula L., Ziziphus jujube L., and Cassia fistula L. on acne vulgaris. Methods: This randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, two-arm parallel trial was conducted in patients with mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris. Patients were randomized, 55 in each group, to receive either herbal syrup or placebo (10 cc every 8 hours) for 12 weeks and were followed for 4 weeks. The severity of acne and participants' psychological status was assessed by acne severity index (ASI) and Cardiff acne disability index (CADI), respectively. Results: No significant changes were observed up to the sixth week of treatment in both groups (P ≥ 0.05). From 6 weeks to 12 weeks, the outcomes indicated a significant reduction in the mean number of comedones (P < 0.030), papules (P < 0.045), pustules (P < 0.026), nodules (P < 0.044), and ASI (P < 0.001) in the herbal syrup group compared to the placebo group. Nevertheless, this did not continue after 4 weeks of follow-up (16th week). Conclusions: The herbal syrup could be an alternative treatment in patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris. Indeed, more clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety.


Abstract The study investigates the effect of press coverage on voluntary disclosure in the narrative sections of annual reports of Australian and Chinese listed companies. A combination of the legitimacy theory and media agenda setting theory is employed to examine their application in the context of different country-level governance mechanisms, in particularly in Anglo-Saxon (Australia) and Asian (China) economies. The study is based on a sample of 200 listed companies and employs multiple regression analyses. The findings show that press coverage is positively and significantly associated with voluntary disclosure suggesting that closer media attention increases voluntary disclosure. The effect of press coverage is mediated by country-level governance mechanisms, suggesting stronger association in countries with stronger legal enforcement mechanisms. Keywords: Voluntary Disclosure, Media, Agenda Setting Theory, Legitimacy Theory * Centre for Strategic Economic Studies, College of Business, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia Tel: 61 03 9919 4039 Fax: 61 03 9919 5417 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com ** College of Business, Victoria University, Australia


Received: May 12, 2021 Revised: June 13, 2021 Accepted: June 29, 2021 One of the company's efforts in implementing the commitment to customer satisfaction is carried out through continuous improvement activities. All indicators are evaluated to determine the level of quality stability against process variations that will impact noncompliance with predetermined product specifications. One of the quality problems found in the tire manufacture industry is the outpercentage of tire uniformity, which suddenly increases, one of which is the value of static balance. This study analyses the process variation factors that occur to take corrective and preventive actions through a series of Root Cause Analysis (RCA), Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Refers to the analysis result, it was found that there was a problem with the rubber film gauge variation at the manufacturing step of the steel breaker, one of the material components in the tire construction. Two main factors cause rubber film thickness variation: rubber sticky with roll calendar, Radial Run Out (RRO) Roll Calendar out standard, and viscosity compound variation with 12 root problems found. The results of the improvements that have been made can effectively improve rubber film thickness variation, increase the Cpk level of steel breaker material from 0.82 to 1.91 and reduce the out percentage ratio of static balance by 54.65%.


Introduction: Neurocysticercosis is a common cause of seizures in developing countries. This study analyses the seizure and radiological outcomes in children with solitary neurocysticercosis from a north Indian tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: The case records of children at a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi from January 2003 to December 2006 (Group A, 171; did not receive albendazole) and from January 2008 to June2013 (Group B, 512; received albendazole) were reviewed. Children aged 1 to 12 years, newly diagnosed as probable solitary neurocysticercosis on contrast-enhanced CT head, presenting with seizures with at least 6 months follow-up and an available follow-up CT head, were included. Those with calcified lesions on initial CT head were excluded. Results: Group B had significantly more resolution (complete disappearance on follow up CT) of lesions (67.3% versus 30.4%,p<0.0001) as compared to group A. However there was no significant difference in calcification observed in group A and B (30.4 and 25.9% respectively. P=0.03). Overall patients with calcification or complete disappearance were significantly more in group B compared to A(93.3% versus  60.8%, p<0.0001). Breakthrough seizures were significantly more in the group A (23.9% versus 7.2%, p<0.0001).Overall in 2 groups, lesions that got calcified had significantly more breakthrough seizures than non calcified ones (21.6% versus 7.6%, p<0.0001). Conclusions: Albendazole therapy results in improved seizure control and expedites radiological resolution in children with neurocysticercosis. Children with calcified lesions are at high risk for seizure recurrence and may warrant longer anti-epileptic therapy. 1


Women have consistently higher levels of disgust than men. This sex difference is substantial in magnitude, highly replicable, emerges with diverse assessment methods, and affects a wide array of outcomes—including job selection, mate choice, food aversions, and psychological disorders. Despite the importance of this far-reaching sex difference, sound theoretical explanations have lagged behind the empirical discoveries. In this article, we focus on the evolutionary-functional level of analysis, outlining hypotheses capable of explaining why women have higher levels of disgust than men. We present four hypotheses for sexual disgust and six for pathogen disgust, along with testable predictions. Discussion focuses on additional new hypotheses and on future research capable of adjudicating among these competing, but not mutually exclusive, hypotheses.


Under the environment of smart grid, residential users play an extremely key to improve the efficiency of the power grid. It is necessary to motivate residential users to participate in managing their household appliances. However, it is a considerable challenge for residential users to find an optimal scheduling scheme of household appliances by themselves. In this paper, a novel model for home energy management system (HEMS) based on Internet of things (IoT) is proposed to solve this challenge. The model not only utilizes radio frequency technology (RFID) to achieve full automatic control of household appliances, but also employs renewable energy, storage battery and plug-in electric vehicles (PEV). Considering various users' demands, the model can set four kinds of demands for household appliances via terminal appliances. To provide a higher users' satisfaction, two types of satisfactory functions are presented. The model adopts the time interval optimization strategy to find an optimal scheme, and the objective function minimizes the users' electricity costs as well as maximizes the users' satisfaction. Meanwhile the discrete multi-objective bacterial colony chemotaxis algorithm (DMOBCC) is adopted to solve this problem. Case studies are implemented to demonstrate the time interval optimization strategy and simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Numerous explanatory models and theories of youth delinquency focus on one or multiple structural factors, but neglect the importance of the youngster himself and his agency in the process of delinquency. Recent desistance research emphasises agency in the process of quitting crime but fails to provide a clear conceptual framework to study the meaning and explanatory value of agency and structure at the start of the delinquent process. Based on ideas from different disciplines as well as on qualitative interview data with youngsters who reside in juvenile institutions, this article aims to introduce an integrated framework of agency and structure and clarify how these elements can contribute to the explanation of youth delinquency.


Introduction:About 90 per cent of all malignant tumors of head and neck area fall on the "squamous cell carcinoma" of mucous and skin coverings of that area,  having the high probability of regional metastasis. When using the surgery for such pathology the selection of intervention method on regional lymphatic apparatus is still negotiable.
Material and methods: 35 patients with the various types of neck dissection have been examined. The efficiency of the methods was assessed base on the clinical and radiologic indicators.
Results: it was revealed that functional  neck dissection is the most optimal one during the malignant diseases in the oral cavity and the maxillofacial area.
Conclusion: According to our research work functional dissection of neck lymph nodes are recommended in case of patients with cN0.This will help to have a better post operation treatment for patients.


Business Parameters are considered as inter related random variables. A time sequence based forecasting model is established using random process theory. Forecasting for future business parameters is conducted using the data available now so as to provide mine operators with references for determining optimal business parameters.


Background : In recent years, due to the remarkable advances in medical science and the long-term livelihood of patients, a new concept of death has become important. These advances have changed the concept of death for people, doctors and nurses. The suffering of patients, on the one hand, and the heavy cost of treatment imposed upon patients or families, on the other hand, raise the issue of euthanasia. The purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes of nurses and patients towards euthanasia. Methodology : This study was descriptive-analytic in the second half of 1394 and to compare and compare the attitude of nurses and patients in relation to the euthanasia. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results: The mean score of nurses' attitudes toward euthanasia was 54.89. So that 146 nurses had attitude score less than 60. Therefore, most nurses had a negative attitude toward euthanasia and did not agree with it. Also, in the group of patients, the mean score of attitude is 56.49, so that 131 patients had an attitude score of less than 60, which indicates that the group is opposed to euthanasia. Conclusion : Comparison of scores in the patients' and nurses' groups suggests that the nurses' group is opposed to the category of euthanasia. Abstract


The basic principle and characteristic of the Rapid Prototyping Manufacturing Technology is Outlined,Several typical crafts and it special materials are introduced in this paper,and the formability problems of materials in RPM were discussed,the main research work of new materials is pointed out.


Development of a methodology for applying structure-borne acoustics to the readiness assessment, fault isolation, and automatic checkout of mechanical devices. The twofold objective of the study was to determine the practical feasibility of implementing structure-borne acoustics on future space programs and to provide guidelines toward minimization of cost and effort in the implementation of this technique. It is concluded that the structure-borne acoustics technique lends itself to reducing checkout, operation, maintenance, and fault diagnosis of mechanical systems.


B. Mulas, M. Pasqualetti & A. Rambelli: Influence of the substratum on the morphology of Endophragmiella boewei and Beltrania rhombica. - FI. Medi!. 3: 233-238. 1993. - ISSN 1120-4052. The morphological variation of two Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes, Endophragmiella boewei (Crane) Hughes and Beltrania rhombica Penzig, isolated from litter of Mediterranean vegetation is investigated. The strains were inoculated on sterilized leaf litter of the different species of the mediterranean vegetation to investigate the variation of their morphological characters. The data show a certain degree of stability for E. boewei and great variation for B. rhombica.


A commonly used Balanced Anaesthesia (BA, n=20) (thiopental and fentanyl bolus induction and maintenance with repetition boluses of fentanyl and droperidol, thiopental infusion, and isoflurane in N 2 O/O 2 ) was compared to Total Intravenous Anaesthesia (TIVA, n=20) with propofol and alfentanil infusion. Pancuronium was employed for muscle relaxation in both groups


Background:  Immunization is one of the most cost effective methods of preventing childhood diseases and needs to be sustained with higher coverage for desired benefits. Objective of the study was to assess immunization coverage in children of 24-35 months of age group in urban slums of Ahmedabad city, India. Methods: Using the purposive sampling method, a cross sectional community based study was conducted in urban slum area (Vadaj area) of Ahmedabad city during July-November 2014. All 214 children of 24-35 months age group of the area were included after taking verbal informed consent of their parents or guardians. Vaccination status of the children was verified using the Immunization card. In conditions where the Immunization card was not available, the mother/parents were asked about the site of vaccinations to confirm the vaccines being given. Analysis of study was done by using appropriate statistical software. Results:  Total 936 households were surveyed. There were 214 children in the 24-35 months age group. Mamta card or immunization record was available with 145 (73.6%) mothers of 24-35 months age group of children. Vaccination coverage in the age group of 24-35 months old children was maximum for BCG and OPV first dose (96.7%) followed by Pentavalent first dose (95.8%) and OPV second dose (95.3%). Overall, 75.7% of the children in the 24-35 months age group were completely immunized while only 6 children were unimmunized. Dropout rate percentage for Pentavalent 1st dose to pentavalent 3rd dose was 3.44% while for BCG to second dose of measles was 19.75%. Conclusions:  Complete immunization coverage was 75.7% which was better than the national surveys still the causes for no/ partial vaccinations need to be addressed.


In the thirty years passed,Qingdao Ocean Shipping Mariners College has been adhering to the guideline of"suiting the market,serving the industry,highlighting the features,achieving the first-rate and creating the teaching brands"and the quality policy of"training and educating the higher and applied technical personnel that will meet the needs of the international shipping market".We have reinforced the sense of quality with the deep rooted ideology of"quality of the personnel training being the life of the college,the improvement of teaching quality being the immortal theme of the college"and created the training feature of"exemplary work ethics,proficient in using English and accomplished in practical skills."We have,as a result,achieved great progress,created reputable image and laid a solid foundation for the sustained development of the college.


Recent laboratory studies have demonstrated that Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) (family Bromoviridae) can be readily transmitted when thrips and virus-bearing pollen are placed together on to test plants. For this transmission mechanism to result in stonefruit tree infection in the field, PNRSV-bearing pollen must be deposited onto surfaces of stonefruit trees on which thrips also occur. In a previous paper, we demonstrated that almost all pollen in a PNRSV-infected Japanese plum orchard in southeastern Queensland was deposited onto flowers, whereas few grains occurred on leaves and none on stems. Here, we present results of our investigation of thrips species composition, distribution and abundance on stonefruit trees in the same study area as our previous pollen deposition study. We collected a total of 2010 adult thrips from 13 orchards during the 1989, 1991 and 1992 flowering seasons of which all but 14 were in the suborder Terebrantia. Most (97.4%) terebrantian thrips were of three species, Thrips imaginis, Thrips australis and Thrips tabaci. Thrips tabaci as well as species mixtures that included T imaginis, T australis and T tabaci have been shown to transmit PNRSV via infected pollen in laboratory tests. Adult thrips were frequently collected from flowers but rarely from leaves and never from stems. Large and significant differences in numbers of T imaginis, T australis and T tabaci adults in flowers occurred among orchards and between seasons. No factor was conclusively related to thrips numbers but flowers of late-flowering stonefruit varieties tended to hold more thrips than those of early-flowering varieties. Our results indicate that the common thrips species present on stonefruit trees in the Granite Belt are also ones previously shown to transmit PNRSV via infected pollen in the laboratory and that these thrips are concentrated in stonefruit flowers where most stonefruit pollen is deposited. These results contribute to mounting circumstantial evidence that stonefruit flowers may be inoculated with PNRSV via an interaction of thrips with virus-bearing pollen and that this transmission mechanism may be an important cause of new tree infections in the field.


Service availability is an important aspect of service provisioning. To ensure end-to-end quality, system integrators need to build systems that satisfy quality of service requirements including high-availability. By using specialized middleware, system integrators can incorporate high availability features into their applications, thus rendering the service provisioning fault tolerant. Quantifying service availability at the system design/integration time is a challenging task considering the complexity of the availability management. In this paper we discuss a method that automates the availability analysis of middleware managed services based on the standard behavior of the middleware, while taking into consideration the various system dependencies. We illustrate our approach on a media streaming application.


Recently, there is a continues demand for embedded systems that automate buildings' operation, such as the control of Heating Ventilation and Air-Conditioning system (HVAC) operation. These systems exhibit increased complexity and their operation relies less on human decision-making and more on computational intelligence. The efficiency of these systems is usually bounded by the orchestrators' flexibility to optimize simultaneously multiple, and usually contrary, objectives. This paper introduces a novel framework for designing model-free orchestrators targeting to optimize the operation of HVAC systems, is introduced. The proposed orchestrator relies on Reinforcement Learning in order to support self-adaptive customization. Experimental results highlight the superiority of introduced orchestrator, as it achieves comparable performance to state-of-the-art relevant controllers without any prior detailed modeling.


Distributed storage solutions have become widespread due to their ability to store large amounts of data reliably across a network of unreliable nodes, by employing repair mechanisms to prevent data loss. Conventional systems rely on static designs with a central control entity to oversee and control the repair process. Given the large costs for maintaining and cooling large data centers, our work proposes and studies the feasibility of a fully decentralized systems that can store data even on unreliable and, sometimes, unavailable mobile devices. This imposes new challenges on the design as the number of available nodes varies greatly over time and keeping track of the system's state becomes unfeasible. As a consequence, conventional erasure correction approaches are ill-suited for maintaining data integrity. In this highly dynamic context, random linear network coding (RLNC) provides an interesting solution. Our goal is to characterize RLNC's guaranteed data integrity region in terms of the total number of storage devices that need to be available and stored data per device. We compare our fully distributed RLNC approach to centralized (genie aided) and fully decentralized replication and Reed-Solomon mechanisms. Our results use traces from a BitTorrent client for Android devices to show that RLNC outperforms the next best scheme (fully centralized Reed-Solomon) not only by having a much lower probability of data loss, but by reducing storage requirements by up to 50% and reconstruction traffic by up to 40%. Gains over decentralized schemes are even larger.


Abstract The Transkei is one of two regions from which a majority of South African mine workers used to be recruited, and the destination to which many return. The study was done to determine the prevalences of lung diseases in these ex-workers, links between these diseases and age, links between diseases and duration of mining, and the association between silicosis and tuberculosis. It was done in Umtata General Hospital. Participants' (n = 300) ages ranged from 35 to 66+ years (mean 51.6). Durations of mining ranged from < 1 to 31+ years. 29/300 X-rays(9.6%) were unreadable; 59 (21.8%) were disease-free; and 212 (78.2%) showed lung abnormalities. Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) with or without silicosis was evident in 64.2% of the X-rays, silicosis with or without PTB in 34%, COPD in 7%, and asbestosis in 1.5%. The relative risk for tuberculosis was 5.08 (2.58-9.88) for men with silicosis compared with others, p < 0.01. The extremely high burden of lung disease in ex-mine workers places enormous challenges on health service delivery systems and compensation authorities.


Abstract First, Halpern-type proximal point algorithm is introduced in complete CAT(0) metric spaces. Then, Browder convergence theorem is considered for this algorithm and also we prove that Halpern-type proximal point algorithm converges strongly to a zero of the operator.


The medical liability crisis is affecting our healthcare system. Medical liability and limited physician and hospital access to malpractice insurance have pushed many providers to leave their states, reduce their services, or simply retire. For many, a labor of love has become an agonizing search for insurance to ensure continued practice in an industry for which they trained eight, fifteen, or even twenty years. Limited insurance and potential liability has also led to defensive medicine, in which providers try to avoid lawsuits by ordering tests, procedures, and anything else that might help protect against liability. Moreover, providers may also attempt to avoid high-risk patients or practices altogether to limit opportunities for lawsuits. Although it is questionable whether these efforts actually help, the provider perception of self-preservation through defensive medicine is undeniable—and providers, like everyone, act on their perceptions.


Since the East Asian Miracle report was published by the World Bank in 1993, East Asian countries have achieved economic development with the "flying geese pattern" respectively, as well as advancements in informatization based on each political and cultural context. In particular, the revolution in information and communications technology (I&CT) drives commercial and social usage of the Internet throughout multiple devices such as personal computers, tablets, and smart-phones. East Asian cultural contexts thereby create commonalities over their territories, and maintain their distinctive characters as well. While telecommunications and media industries are under governmental control, with government regulations in most Asian countries, platform businesses, such as social network services (SNSs) have expanded across borders, demonstrating the principle of network externality and economy. In addition, cultural and/or social contents easily expand with identity and universality as high culture and with popularity as popand/or sub-cultures among younger generations within areas. This paper examines the potential of East and South East Asian markets including not only China, Korea, and Japan, but also Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore, for mobile and wired communications, their technologies, services, content, and applications. It also describes the dynamism of networking among interested players over the next generation of information and communication technologies and their applications, such as SNSs and "FinTech", including mobile payment and e-commerce, as well as content including audio and visual content, and game software; in the context of the "Ecosystem" of I&CT business and the path-dependency of social shaping of technological trajectories as enhanced in each political and cultural territory. There may be a dramatic change occurring in the structure of the industry affecting not only telecommunications network components, terminal equipment vendors and software developers, but also network operators and service providers located in Asian territories. Therefore, our analysis places emphasis on the dynamic formulation of multi-tiered and multifaceted frameworks of "Geo-Cultural Informatics," which encapsulates the geo-politics and geo-economics associated with cultural informatics, within industrial clusters over Asian marketplaces. This paper also suggests a new framework of market structure with some hieratic layers and trust-based geographic areas, e.g. living sphere「生活圏」, commercial area「商業圏」, economic zone「経済圏」, where common currencies are available with electronical and/or physical money. These areas/spheres are composed with cultural and political inherence


The ontogeny of hemopoietic and immune organs in the Chinese soft shelled turtl e, Trionyx sinensis , was studied and the morphological characteristics of tw o to three embryos from each embryonic stage described with histological examination . The first hemopoietic organ in embryos was the yolk sac. Later in development, hemopoietic stem cells in the yolk sac migrate via blood vessels and yolk sac h emopoietic activity is succeeded by development of the fetal thymus, liver, sple en and bone marrow (possibly kidney). Hemopoiesis was detected in the yolk sac a t stage 6 after incubation. Hemopoietic stem cells were small, with an oval nucl eus surrounded by a thin rim of basophilic cytoplasm. In addition, different dev elopmental stages of erythrocytes were observed. The primordial thymus appeared at stage 14 as a detectable thickening of the posterioventral wall of the pharyn geal pouch Ⅲ. The dorsal portion of the thickening gave rise to the thymic prim ordium, whereas the ventral part became the parathyroid rudiment. By stage 16, t he thymus rudiments were more defined, were closely situated near the internal jugular vein in which there were a large num ber of stem like cells and appeared as a condensation of epithelial cells surro u nded by mesenchyme. By stage 19, the thymus lobes were distinctly encapsulated a nd contained numerous small basophilic cells as well as lymphocytes among the ep ithelial cells. Until stage 25, complete demarcation of cortex and medulla was a pparent. During the course of embryonic development, the thymus and parathyroid rudiments migrated ventrocaudally. The parathyroid glands were surrounded by thy mus tissue because the thymus didnt enter into the chest cavity. The thymus is the first lymphoid organ in embryonic development. Within the thymus, stem cell s from the yolk sac differentiate into small lymphocytes which subsequently migr ate to the spleen. The histogenesis of the spleen commenced with a thickening o f the dorsal mesogastrium. By stage 15-16, the splenic rudiment had budded into the body cavity; later, blood sinuses developed as separate cavities in the mes enchyme. In the vessels of the dorsal mesogastrium between the liver and kidney there were many hemopoietic stem cells, and near mesogastrium there were a lot o f acidophilic cells. At stage 21-23, erythroblastic islands, a lot of acidophil ic cells and a few granulocytes were seen in the spleen, and by stage 24, lympho poiesis began. Until stage 25, white pulp and red pulp were clearly discernable. No splenic corpuscle was found in any developmental stage. In the embryonic li ver, the hemopoietic stem cells were observed in the vitelline vein and other b lood vessels near the liver diverticulum and also in the hepatic sinusoids of pe ripheral parts of the hepatic diverticulum. There were also some erythrocytes of different developmental stages and some acidophilic cells. Acidophilic cells an d head kidney like tissue were found during the development of the embryonic ki dney. Hemopoiesis in bone marrow was observed until the end of embryonic development.


At present steel industry is obtained a rapid development in China. More and more steel slag is accumulated. How to deal with steel slag becomes a hot problem. In this paper, the source, composition and characteristics of steel slag are introduced firstly. Then the methods of comprehensive utilization on the steel slag are summarized. Finally the problems are put up and the development trend of steel slag utilization is prospected according to the present situation of comprehensive utilization of steel slag.


Ž . Ž . We report on the preparation and the structural analysis of Bi Sr Ca RE Cu O BSCRECO thin films and 2 2 xy1 x 2 8qd Ž . multilayers. In-situ sputtered normalconducting–superconducting N–S bilayers, dedicated as basic for coplanar high Tc Ž . Josephson junctions, reveal almost perfect interfaces in high resolution transmission electron microscopy HRTEM analysis. A mechanism for stabilization of the crystallographic structure of superconducting BSCRECO thin films is proposed. q 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


Early History of intErnational anEstHEsia Brazil (Maria Carmona) India (Deepak K. Tempe) Japan (Naoyuki Hirata and Michiaki Yamakage) The Middle East (Anis Baraka and †Fouad Salim Haddad) Use of Spongia Somnifera Introduction of Modern Anesthesia to the Middle East Russia (Yury S. Polushin and Olga N. Afonin) tHE Cross-Pollination PEriod: aPProximatEly 1920-1980 Brazil (Maria Carmona) Chile/South America (Guillermo Lema) General Concepts Medicine China (Yuguang Huang) Raising the Professional Profile of Anesthesia India (Deepak K. Tempe) Japan (Naoyuki Hirata and Michiaki Yamakage) The Middle East (Anis Baraka and Fouad Salim Haddad) Raising the Professional Profile of Anesthesia Russia (Yury S. Polushin and Olga N. Afonin) tHE modErn PEriod: tHE EssEntials of modErn anEstHEsia around tHE World Roles and Responsibilities of Anesthesia Providers Brazil (Maria Carmona) Chile/South America (Guillermo Lema) China (Yuguang Huang) Europe (Lars I. Eriksson and Jannicke Mellin-Olsen)


Abstract Male and female individuals of the Baltic Sea, stalk‐inhabiting amphipod Dulichia porrecta posses eyes that differ in size and organization. Ommatidial numbers also vary, and in adult male and female specimens amount to approximately 80 and 90, respectively. Ommatidial diameters are larger in males (40–45) μm) than in females (approx. 30 μ.m). Externally, female eyes are covered with a dense pelt of approximately 3–4 μm long and 0.01–0.15 μm thick cuticular hairs, interspersed by up to 8 μm long, filament‐containing sensilla of unknown function. An identical structure occurs in males, but there it is less frequent. Eyes of male individuals also have considerably fewer and shorter (0.5 μm) cuticular hairs. Internally, the main difference is the somewhat broader (2.7 versus 2.4 μm) and longer (40–50 versus 32–40 μm) rhabdom in male animals and the significantly greater amount of screening pigment granules in the eyes of females. Anatomical features shared between males and females consist of bipart...


In this study, the syntheses of bulks of Y-zeolite were attempted by a hydrothermal hot-pressing (HHP) method with various conditions such as the amounts and concentrations of NaOH solution, reaction temperatures, and reaction times. Dense bulks of Y-zeolite were successfully obtained by this HHP method. Under an optimum synthetic condition of HHP, solidified bulks of Y-zeolite possessed translucency with high values of specific surface area. Transmission electron microscopy observation of these translucent bulks of Y-zeolite showed that their microstructures were densified like polycrystalline ceramics sintered by heat treatments and no amorphous phase was observed at the boundaries of Y-zeolite grains. As a result, in these unique bulks of Y-zeolite synthesized by the HHP method, the microporous network was thoroughly connected at the grain boundaries of Y-zeolite.


The rate of diffusion of hydrogen through several thicknesses of palladium for varying current densities was measured. The relationship between the diffusion current and the total polarizing current was established.


In radiology, it is significantly important to produce adequate diagnostic information for affecting the patient with the lowest amount of dose. A contrast-detail phantom is generally used to study the quality of the image and the amount of radiation dose for a digital X-ray imaging system. For evaluating the quality of a phantom image, the radiologists are required to indicate the location of the holes in each square in the phantom image. Then, the image quality figure (IQF) of the image can be calculated. However, evaluation by the human eye is subjective and time-consuming. In this paper, an image processing based IQF evaluation method is proposed to automatically measure the quality of a phantom image. The experimental results tell that the proposed method is more sensitive in estimating the IQF of a phantom image than the observation of radiologists.


The invention relates to a method for the determination of diagnoses for a system having a plurality of equipment, said equipment being adapted to transmit signals indicating their operating state, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: - a step of acquiring (111) observations from signals emitted by the equipment in the diagnosis system., and determining a global position from the acquired observations and predetermined fault trees associated to these observations, a fault tree describing the relationship between an observation and root causes, a root cause indicating a failure of equipment, - a step of determining (112) related situations, a related situation is a set of observations taken in pairs to have least one common root cause of faults in their tree - a determination step (113) of partial diagnoses from each related situations, including diagnoses root causes associated with observations indicating a failure - a step of displaying (114) diagnostics.


The object of this paper is to invite attention to some early treatises on English heraldry in the hope of stimulating interest in that somewhat neglected phase of this study. None of the manuscripts in question has been printed, but first it may not be amiss to recall briefly the half-dozen tractates which have been printed.


A winding distributed function method is employed to propose an uniform model for conventional winding-based pole-phase modulation (PPM) induction machines (IM). Inductance matrices, voltage, flux linkages, mechanical dynamics, and torque equations are deduced. A prototype of both 9-phase with 4 poles and 3-phase with 12 poles is used to validate the built model, which is suitable for operation in 3-phase with 12 poles and 9-phase with 4 poles, separately; it also illustrates effective operation in pole-changing process, where both operating cases coexist. The simulated results verify the proposed model. It provides an effective approach to analyze and control this kind of motors, especially for the transient operation during pole-changing. Double vector control algorithms are developed to control the PPM IM, one for operation with 9-phase, and another for operation with 3-phase, with their different parameters and given rotor flux linkage. Moreover, only four current sensors are required even though there are nine winding currents, and torque share function ensures a constant torque during pole-changing. The simulated results verify the vector control based PPM IM drive.


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The effect of voltage on nano pores formed via electrochemical anodization of high purity Aluminum was investigated. The electrochemical bath consists of phosphoric acid electrolyte; a platinum electrode was used as the cathode electrode, and aluminum template as anode electrode. The anodization process was carried out at ambient temperature with voltage range of 20V to 80V, which is the voltage range achievable by the in house electrochemical cell. It is observed after the anodization process that there is slight phase change in the aluminum substrate of its FCC structure to Monoclinic at 39 o and 45 o with the same effect for all the applied potentials; secondly it was also observed that at every voltage increment there is a significant increase in current density, as well as increase in the nano pore size from about 40nm to 300nm. The morphology and phase composition were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction and Voltage time graph.


After briefly reviewing the literature, a material is presented comprising 78 elderly patients under psychiatric long-term care, who are on a controlled diet. Using a double-blind technique, determina


The LHC started up with beam in November 2009, and within less then on year its luminosity reached 2 × 1032 cm−2s−1 at 3.5 TeV in October 2010. A few weeks later, in November 2010, lead ion collisions were established within little over two days. The fast progress and successes of the LHC commissioning and early operation would not have been possible without the excellent performance of its beam instrumentation. All essential instruments worked from the first day or were commissioned in a very short time, providing rapid diagnostics for the beam parameters. Tune and orbit feedbacks that rely on high quality measurements were used early on to achieve smooth operation with minimal beam losses. This presentation will address the performance of the LHC beam instrumentation, in particular the very large beam position and beam loss monitoring systems, both composed of many thousand channels. Present limitations and future improvements will also be discussed.


The invention relates to a fast pickling method of lotus root products. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, cleaning fresh lotus roots and lotus root sprouts, removing head and tail parts of the lotus roots, slicing or cutting off, putting the lotus roots and the lotus root sprouts to a salt solution with the concentration of 30:1 (g/L) to 80:1 (g/L); secondly, adding pepper, purple perilla, calcium chloride, syzygium aromaticum and gingers to the salt solution to mix, performing ultrasound with different frequencies for a period of time, sterilizing by microwave, and putting into a pickling container; and finally, adding soya residues to the pickling container, stirring to be uniform, and pickling in a 20-40 DEG C water seal for 3-6 days. The pickled lotus roots and the lotus root sprouts can be sold after being packaged and sealed. A soya residue pickling method is used for the first time, nutrition values of the pickled lotus root slices and lotus root sprouts are increased; meanwhile, a plurality of flavored products can be produced, and a fast pickling effect can be achieved. By using the fast pickling method, the pickled lotus root slices and lotus root sprouts are good in color, flavor and taste and can be eaten after packaging bags are opened within a guarantee period, other processes are not required, and the pickled lotus root slices and lotus root sprouts are convenient to eat.


Colouration is perhaps one of the most prominent adaptations for survival and reproduction of most taxa. Colouration is of particular importance for aposematic species, which rely on their colouring and patterning to act as a warning signal against predators. Most research has focused on the evolution of warning colouration by natural selection. However, little information is available for colour mutants of aposematic species, particularly at the genomic level. Here I compare the transcriptomes of albino mutant caterpillars of the wood tiger moth (Arctia plantaginis) to those of their full-sibs having their distinctive orange-black warning colouration. The results showed >300 differentially expressed genes transcriptome-wide. Genes involved in the immune system, structural constituents of cuticle, and peptidase activity were mostly down-regulated in the albino larvae. Surprisingly, higher expression was observed in core melanin genes from albino larvae, suggesting that melanin synthesis may be disrupted in terminal ends of the pathway during its final conversion. I further identified 25 novel genes uniquely expressed in the albino larvae. Functional annotation showed that these genes are involved in nucleotide biosynthesis, copper ion transmembrane transport, and nucleic acid binding. Taken together, these results suggest that caterpillar albinism may not be due to a depletion of melanin precursor genes. In contrast, the albino condition may result from the combination of faulty melanin conversion late in its synthesis and structural deficiencies in the cuticle preventing its deposition.


The food webs of forest stream ecosystems are based primarily on cross-boundary flows of terrestrial plant litter (PL). As such, changes in the composition of riparian forest canopies can alter flows of PL, affecting the ecosystem functioning of adjacent streams. We measured seasonal changes in PL fluxes to 20 small streams flowing through temperate rain forests in southwestern British Columbia to determine how riparian forest type and riparian management history influence resource availability in these systems. Differences in PL fluxes among the four riparian forest types studied were most pronounced in the summer, when PL fluxes from clearcuts < riparian reserve strips and coniferous forests, and PL fluxes from deciduous-dominated forests < riparian reserve strips. PL fluxes also varied among seasons (spring < summer < autumn). Fluxes were similar in riparian reserve strips and coniferous forests of similar age, indicating that reserve strips maintain this crucial ecosystem process. Clearcutting of ripa...


The dynamics and rapid development of technology growth become one of the reasons why the individual and organization conduct the behavior change in communicate either verbal and written. Communication behavior projection in the community will be more change rapidly along with instant digital technology. Therefore, nowadays the communication situation existence for an organization has become the spearheaded in fulfilling the public information services which demand openness, equality, and transparency in the process of organizational performance. As part of an organization and in fulfilling Smart City declaration, Bandung City government has conducted various breakthroughs that have been quite intense in the process of digitizing public services which environmentally friendly since 2012 in the era of Mayor Ridwan Kamil's leadership for the community. The public service applications based on communication and information technology in Bandung City Government include Smart City and E-Government Applications such as e-Punten which are applications from the Department of Population and Civil Registration, Sabilulungan, Hayu!, and e-Remuneration Performance (e -RK). This public service application is an application that can significantly improve the level of government transparency in its performance. The research method is based on the analysis of information contained in the printed mass media of Pikiran Rakyat newspaper in 2017. The results show that digital communication is a method of communication and a commitment of the Bandung City Government in improving public services to be easy, fast and accountable for the community and related parties. Conclusions show that public services and the delivery of information developed through digital communication by the Bandung City Government become more integrated, monitored, effective, and efficient for the community.


The valence-quark contribution to the electric polarizability of the pion in a semirelativistic description is shown to be smaller than its nonrelativistic limit.


In 1929, the great researcher of Polynesian cultures Peter Buck (Te Rangi Hiroa) described a comic ritual involving visiting guests. In the ritual guests were identified as fish. In the paper I will discuss the deep semantics of such identification fish is a Polynesian verbal substitution for a human sacrifice victim. The comic ritual can be described as a tool for incorporating dangerous guests into the local community.


Objective To investigate the effects of chemical denture cleansers on the color of acrylic denture resins.Methods Two types of heat-polymerizing and two types of autopolymerizing acrylic resins were selected and four different types of chemical denture cleansers were tested for each of the resins. The color values of the samples were measured using CS5 reflectometer.Results Different agent caused different effects on each resin sample.Jiemei agent caused apparent whitening effects and apparent color difference on two heat-polymerizing resins. 0.02 %NaClO caused apparent whitening of Rijin autopolymerizing resins. 0.0125 %NaClO and 0.02 %NaClO caused most whitening of Shanghai autopolymerizing resins.Whose color differences were also the most.Conclusion Jiemei agent caused great color value change of heat-polymerizing resins. NaClO solution caused apparent color value change of autopolymerizing resins.


The question of essentiality of decreasing and increasing fractal ideals is investigated, mostly for fractal ideals built from the agumentation ideal of free group rings. It is shown that this question can be answered in terms of the structure of the trees representing the fractal ideals.


The purpose of the article is to analyze the art of travelling musicians – the ancestors of the participants of the joint game; to substantiate the origins and reveal the socio-cultural prerequisites for the formation of this type of performance, which has its roots in ancient civilizations. For the optimal solution of the outlined tasks, the researcher used methods, among which the main ones are source and systematic. The research methodology is to analyze the performing arts of the Ancient and Middle Ages, most clearly represented by the syncretic works of ancient poets, kithara players and singers, as well as other travelling musicians who personified the singer, the poet, the accompanist, the storyteller, the dancer, the circus performer, which testifies to the emergence of elements of syncretic vocal and instrumental performance in their art. Scientific novelty of the research. For the first time in Ukrainian musicology, the origins and socio-cultural prerequisites for the development of joint performance, which has its roots in ancient civilizations, are substantiated and the art of travelling musicians of the Ancient and Middle Ages is characterized. Conclusions. The performance of the Antiquity and Middle Ages was represented mainly by the art of travelling musicians and was marked by their complicated relations with the socio-cultural environment of that time. At the same time, thanks to their art, joint music-making gradually emerged as a procedural form of vocal and instrumental performance with a huge potential for development. After all, their art formed some of the distinctive features of joint playing: mutual coherence of the performer's intentions with sufficient individual freedom and at the same time the subordination of their playing to another performer. It was their creative work that became an important link between the first traditions of joint performance, albeit in a syncretic format, and its subsequent highly professional forms. Travelling musicians laid the foundations of musical art and it is from them that various genres of chamber vocal and instrumental performance take their roots.


Cloud interoperability is a new problem that is becoming evident as more cloud providers offer competing clouds and more enterprises migrate their applications into the cloud environments. However, for large enterprises the problem lies in enterprise software and middleware non-interoperability and overall complexity more than in the cloud providers incurred issues. In this paper we analyze cloud interoperability issues for existing enterprise applications based on our substantial enterprise IT transformation experience. We believe that adoption of stricter enterprise application development and maintenance policies and their enforcement coupled with PaaS clouds' quick middleware provisioning and configuration capabilities will allow easy, predictable, fast, and inexpensive application rebuilds on-demand. This, in turn, will allow much cheaper application transformations, adoption of new technologies, and migrations between various clouds and non-cloud environments. We evaluate our policies based on three real-life applications from large corporations and show that strict application documentation and standardization results in at least an order of magnitude cost reduction of cloud application migrations.


Abstract Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has revealed as a powerful technique for a rapid and effective evaluation of the synthesis of polypeptides induced by cadmium (Cd) in root tissues of Cd‐resistant pea plant. CE was performed on root extracts in capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) using 3% PEG 2November 1998 in Tris‐Tricine buffer as a dynamic sieving polymer solution and in free solution (FSCE) with 0.1M Tris‐Tricine at pH 8.3 as running buffer. By comparison with control, CGE electropherograms of root extracts of Cd‐resistantpea showed a new peak, characteristic of newly synthesized polypeptidic fraction with apparent molecular weight of 10 kDa. In order to get more information, we characterized further the new synthesized polypeptidic fraction as charge to size ratios. Results obtained by FSCE in free solutions showed that polypeptidic fraction split into several components with different charge to size ratios, very close to that of glutathione, the starting molecule for the biosynthesis of phytoc...


The purpose of this review is to stimulate a debate and doubts about future trends in vitreoretinal surgery and social and economic implications. We want to share with our colleagues the challenges of modern ophthalmic surgery in the era of technocratic medicine with the goal to conjugate the technological progress with economic sustainability and equity of access to health facilities and services. The increased possibilities provided by technology result in an increased responsibility. That is, there is no technological imperative, but technology promotes a moral imperative; in particular, it promotes a moral imperative to proper assessment. We offer a historical and economic reappraisal of recent advancements in vitreoretinal surgery since 2002 to today's state of the art in macular surgery and retinal detachment surgery.


There are two principal models of seasonal influenza vaccination provision to hospital healthcare workers (HCWs): voluntary and mandatory. In a voluntary system, multiple and layered strategies are used to encourage vaccination acceptance. Campaigns traditionally include the use of mobile vaccination carts, email/intranet reminders, posters, in-service events, vaccination incentives, and signed declinations forms. On the other end of the spectrum is mandatory vaccination, which has gained popularity particularly in the United States as the solution to poor vaccination rates [1]. In this model, all HCWs must be vaccinated unless with exemptible reasons (in some settings) such as medical contraindications. Theoretically, a mandatory model ensures a definite level of vaccination since it removes the variability of personal attitudes and other behavior barriers [2]. There is a growing body of literature focused on the introduction of HCW influenza vaccination mandates. Some have approached the issue with an ethical imperative lens. The argument is framed around the fact that staff members follow the decree to 'first do no harm' and should therefore take all reasonable actions to reduce transmission of disease in the context of providing care to vulnerable patients. This obligation to do no harm should not be linked to institutions using coercion, but rather institutions acknowledging the rights of patients to have a safe healthcare environment [3]. The obligation is further tied to the understanding that patients in the healthcare setting are often vulnerable to influenza, whether they be the very old, young or because they are pregnant or have a chronic or underlying immunosuppressant condition. These patients trust that the institutions they are attending have taken all necessary steps to ensure a safe environment, whether it be through environmental cleaning, sterilization, hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, or occupational vaccination. The traditional argument used in response to the suggestion of mandating influenza vaccination, is the concern that it will impinge on HCWs' rights to 'autonomy.' However, this argument is somewhat confusing as for many years HCWs have been required to provide evidence of protection against other vaccine-preventable diseases like hepatitis B, diphtheria, measles, tetanus, varicella etc. If the staff member is not protected and wants to work in a high-risk area (i.e. intensive care, antenatal, oncology) then they are 'required' to comply with the policy requirements (i.e. receive the vaccines) [4]. More recently there has been a growing commentary that is hinged to the idea that the influenza vaccine is not sufficiently robust to warrant moving to a mandatory immunization requirement [5]. Proponents highlight that the effectiveness of the current influenza vaccine has been exaggerated in the medical literature and media and therefore given the limitations, the introduction of mandatory programs is not appropriate. Some have gone onto suggest that even though other vaccine-preventable diseases are uncommon, mandatory vaccination should still be considered first for infections where the vaccines are highly effective, like measles. As part of this argument, healthcare institutions should continue to recommend the influenza vaccine to staff members (and recommended to patients and their families) but efforts should also be made to strengthen other prevention strategies such as hygiene. While it will be extremely rare to find someone, who would refute the rational for HCWs to receive the influenza vaccine, not everybody agrees with the suggestion of making it mandatory requirement. So here lies the problem, what is our next step? Firstly, let's explore the status quo: remaining with a voluntary approach. It is now well established that organizations need to use multicomponent programs to improve influenza uptake. Components must address: access (free vaccination, flexible, and convenient worksite vaccine programs delivered at different shifts, times, days); knowledge (education programs aimed at improving understanding the rational for influenza vaccination delivered via in-service, posters, flyers, lectures, etc.); reminders (providing information about time/place of the vaccine service delivered via posters, email, text messages); incentives (while perhaps not a core component, there are often riots when the lollypops are not available); and management (provisions of resources/staff, declination forms, training, feedback, and evaluation) [6]. A recent study has even gone so far as to offer a day off work to HCWs who receive the vaccine (median vaccine uptake rate 66.7%, range 38.9–80%) [7]. In addition to these strategies, there is the option of establishing a key performance indicator


The purpose of this work was to investigate the electrical conductivity of Ag/sub 0.33/V/sub 2/O/sub 5/ in the solid and molten states, as well as to refine its structure. The coordinates of the silver and oxygen atoms in the structure of the /beta/-type silver vanadium oxide bronze, which are close to the analogous data for /beta/-Na/sub 0.33/V/sub 2/O/sub 5/, determined. The temperature dependence of the activation energy for conduction in the solid phase of /beta/-Ag/sub 0.33/V/sub 2/O/sub 5/ is specified by the changes in the unit-cell parameters of the bronze. A decrease in the volume of the cell results in an increase in the overlap of the orbitals of the vanadium ions, as a result of which the activation energy for conduction decreases, and vice versa. In the molten state separation of the liquid into layers with different concentrations of V/sup 4+/ ions occurs as a result of the interaction of the surface of the melt with atmospheric oxygen. The conductivity of the bronze melt, like that of V/sub 2/O/sub 5/ melt, is realized by means of the exchange of electrons between V/sup 5+/ and V/sup 4+/ ions.


difficult if not impossible, i.e., separation of powers, judicial review, federalism. Nor do they adequately consider the effect of these upon American political parties and, in turn, the impact of parties upon the entire mechanism. In the last analysis, while governmental responsibility in a democracy rests largely upon human restraint, it depends also upon positive identification as to who or what possesses such responsibility and upon means of calling government into account reasonably often, or at least when necessary. Finer's analysis leaves one with the distinct impression that, of the democratic states, the United States is burdened by governmental machinery which provides the least satisfactory means by which to assure twentieth century requirements of responsibility.


In this paper the distribution and characteristics of Schistosomiasis and its intermediate host Oncomelania hupensis in Anhui Province were outlined and the control measures and methods were introduced. The general construction situations , comprehensive control measures,implementation effects and benefits of the Schistosomasis-prevention forestry projects in Anhui Province were summarized and analyzed.


Big Ideas 2023, presented by First Focus on Children, delivers innovative solutions to issues such as child homelessness, education reform, economic justice, and children's health care from scholars, advocates, and other experts from leading organizations around the country. Articles focus on the Southeast and Southwest regions, which routinely underperform on the Annie E. Casey Foundation's annual indicators of child well-being, tackling the legacy of welfare reform, promoting educational equity for dual-language learners and children with disabilities, and examining other issues such as the delivery of support services.


This paper presents an investigation of the influence of the RePART (Reward and Punishment ARTmap) neural network in structures of ensembles designed by three variants of boosting: Aggressive, Conservative and Inverse Boosting. In this investigation, it is aimed to analyze whether the use of this model is positive for ARTMAP-based ensembles. In addition, it aims to define which boosting strategy is the most suitable to be used in ARTMAP-based ensembles.


We explore the ultrafast reflectivity response from photo-generated coupled phonon-surface Dirac plasmons in Sb$_2$Te$_3$ topological insulators several quintuple layers thick. The transient coherent phonon spectra obtained at different time frames exhibit a Fano-like asymmetric line shape of the $A^2_{1g}$ mode, which is attributed to quantum interference between continuum-like coherent Dirac-plasmons and phonons. By analyzing the time-dependent asymmetric line shape using the two-temperature model (TTM), it was determined that a Fano-like resonance persisted up to $\approx$1 ps after photo-excitation with a relaxation profile dominated by Gaussian decay at $\leq$200 fs. The asymmetry parameter could be well described by the TTM for $\geq$200 fs, therefore suggesting the coherence time of the Dirac plasmon is $\approx$200 fs.


Most of the big decisions about the rules governing financial market activity in Europe are now taken at the EU level. This has not been matched by a simultaneous centralisation of supervisory responsibility. Yet, notwithstanding that frontline supervision remains mostly a Member State responsibility, with a layer of EU-wide structural co-ordination added on top, the longstanding process of step-by-step assumption of supervisory functions by bodies that have a pan-European remit has undoubtedly accelerated in the aftermath of the financial crisis. This article examines the recent EU institutional developments with respect to financial market supervision against the background of arrangements at Member State level, and assesses their significance. It contends that whilst the recent EU institutional reforms are at the boundaries of current legal, political and practical feasibility, they include some key breakthroughs that bring the prospect of the European scene becoming dominated by euro-authorities with direct supervisory power across significant swathes of financial market activity considerably closer.


Objective:To observe the effect of Bushen Huayu Decoction (BHD)on degenerative osteoarthropathy(DO).Methods:Sixty cases of DO were selected and treated with BHD for 15 days,30 days together.Result:46 cases were remarkably effective,10 cases were effective,4 cases were ineffective and the total effective rate was 93.3%.Conclusion:Therapeutic effect of BHD on Do was satisfied.


It is well documented that disturbances in mitochondrial function are associated with rare childhood disorders and possibly with many common diseases of ageing, such as Parkinson's disease and dementia. There has also been increasing evidence linking mitochondrial dysfunction with tumorigenesis. Recently, heterozygous germline mutations in two enzymes of the Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) have been shown to predispose individuals to tumours. The two enzymes, fumarate hydratase (FH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), are ubiquitously expressed, playing a vital role in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production through the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Germline mutations in FHare associated with leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma, whilst SDHmutations are associated with predisposition to paraganglioma (PGL) and phaeochromocytoma (PCC). At present, there are few data to explain the pathway(s) involved in this predisposition to neoplasia through TCA cycle defects. We shall review the mechanisms by which mutations in FHand SDHmight play a role in tumorigenesis. These include pseudo‐hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired apoptosis, oxidative stress and anabolic drive. All of these mechanisms are currently poorly defined. To date, FHand SDHmutations have not been reported in non‐familial leiomyomata, renal cancers, PCCs or PGLs. It remains entirely possible, however, that the underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis in these sporadic tumours are the same as those in the Mendelian syndromes.


This paper details the early stages of research which, through exploring new methodological and conceptual spaces, is being carried out with the aim of contributing to redressing the balance between creativity and performativity, in secondary level dance education in England. The Dance Partners for Creativity Research (DPC) Project is a co‐participative study involving university‐based researchers and school‐based partner researchers physically and metaphorically stretching across boundaries between 'university' and 'school' spaces. We are investigating the kinds of creative partnerships manifested between dance‐artists and teachers in co‐developing the creativity of 11‐14 year olds, and how these partnerships develop. The aim is to work towards transformation for dance‐artist and dance‐teacher partnership practice and invigorate young people's creativity in dance both in the settings within which the research takes place and through dissemination/provocation in new settings within and beyond UK dance education. In particular this paper focuses on the theoretical framework as developed around dance creativity and partnership in education prior to in‐depth entry into the field, with some methodological detail.


Prophetic complaints against landownership abuse that are attributed to eighth-century Judah pose an interpretive problem: their contextual ambiguity. Passages like as Isa. 5.8-10 decry land seizures but lack key socio-economic variables: motivations and the identities of perpetrators and victims. Faced with scarce archaeological and biblical evidence pertaining to landownership in the eighth century, several scholars have turned to the social sciences for clues. Marvin Chaney and D.N. Premnath have found interpretive value in cultural-evolutionary theory.Cultural-evolutionary theorists, like Gerhard Lenski and Timothy Earle, find that recurring patterns tend to emerge as agrarian societies experience rapid economic development and increased trade, including an abandonment of subsistence strategies, land consolidation, and a hoarding of the benefits amongst elites. While Chaney and Premnath have successfully used this model to explore economic abuses attributed to eighth-century Judah, when the region was absorbed into the Assyrian trade nexus, the effects of these recurring societal patterns on religious institutions have yet to be explored by biblical scholars.Religious practices and norms that support outmoded economic strategies tend to be overturned during these transitional periods to accommodate new economic goals. While some religious leaders are forced to choose between either honouring long-held traditions or capitulating to a new economic environment, others find that their place in society is rendered obsolete. Through considering these cultural-evolutionary patterns alongside Hezekiah's religious reforms, this paper explores the possibility that prophetic authors who condemned the displacement of farmers may have also been protesting their own displacement in an evolving Judean society.


A cylindrical Langmuir probe was used to analyze the spatial distribution of the number density of positive ions and electrons as well as the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) in the flowing afterglow of a 6 Torr N2 and N2/O2 plasma sustained by a propagating electromagnetic surface wave in the microwave regime. In pure N2 discharges, ion densities were in the mid 10 14 m -3 in the pink afterglow and in the mid 10 12 m -3 early in the late afterglow. In both pink and late afterglows, the ion population was much higher than the electron population, indicating non-macroscopically neutral media. The EEDF was close to a Maxwellian with an electron temperature of 0.5±0.1 eV, except in the pink afterglow where the temperature rose to 1.1±0.2 eV. This latter behavior is ascribed to N2 vibration-vibration pumping in the pink afterglow that increases the concentration of high N2 vibrational states and thus rises the electron temperature by vibration-electron collisions. After addition of small amounts of O2 in the nominally pure N2 discharge, the charged particles densities and average electron energy first strongly increased and then decreased with increasing O2 concentration. Based on these data and the evolution of the N2 + (B) band emission intensities, it is concluded


Since the middle of nineteenth century, the extracorporeal normothermic perfusion of the isolated kidney has already been started by using the heart-lung-kidney preparation . It has been particularly used as a vehicle for the physiological and pharmacological studies . Lately the extracorporeal perfusion of the kidney during the renal transplantation has become necessary for the purpose of preservation of the organ and a number of reports on the functional capacity or viability of the perfused kidney have appeared . However there are very few reports on the renal hemodynamics discussed from the standpoint of trans plantation immunity when the isolated kidney was perfused with the auto-, homo, or heterologous blood. In the present paper the author used the extracorporeal perfusion apparatus (MERA C type roller pump, disc type oxygenator) for the perfusion of isolated kidneys and tried to produce an identical experimental condition each time in order to avoid several technical problems and specific or unspecific vital reactions occurring during the renal transplantation. Each of isolated dog kidneys was perfused with the auto-, homo-, or heterologous blood; 3, 7, and 4 cases respectively . The perfusate consisted of the auto-, homo, or heterologous blood 350 ml, 20% mannitol 100ml , aminophyllin 1.0g and heparin 50mg. The changes in those kidneys were investigated by using the autologous blood perfused group as a control and the following results were obtained. 1) The renal blood flow obtained from the group perfused with the autologous blood was within a range of 117-171.4ml/100g tissue/min, which was the highest among the three groups . That of the group perfused with the heterologous blood was within a range of 20-84.2ml/min, which was the lowest of all. The group perfused with the homologous blood showed three types of blood flow; high and low flow rates similar to those shown by the previous two groups and the intermediary flow rate between those two. The renal blood flow of all groups tended to decrease as the perfusion proceeded and the kidneys which showed less blood flow at the initiation of perfusion had a tendency to lower the blood flow more rapidly than others. When the blood flow was high enough , the arterial blood pressure of the perfused kidney stayed stable at a relatively low range (around 100mmHg) , but in others the pressure inclined to increase as the time passed.


Objective To investigate the relationship between serum procalgitonin (PCT)levels and prognosis in children with bacterial meningitis.Methods 82 children patients (25)with bacterial meningitis and 57 with viral meningitis) were included in this prospective study.The diagnosis of meningitis was based on compatible clinical features and cerebrospinal fluid findings. PCT serum levels were measured with a specific immunoluminometric assay at admission and after 72 h.Results ①Patients with bacterial meningitis had significantly higher serum PCT than those of viral meningitis[(5 21± 10 70)ng/ml vs (0 27±0 13)ng/ml, P 0 001]. ②The PCT levels of patients with severe sepsis or septic shock were significantly higher than those who had no sepsis or mild sepsis [(21 14±16 94)ng/ml vs(1 23±0 81)ng/ml, P 0 001]. ③The temperature of twenty bacterial meningitis patients decreased with antibiotic treatment 72 h later. PCT levels had decreased from (2 45±2 53)ng/ml to (0 87 ± 0 25)ng/ml in ten of those patients( P 0 05). The temperature of 5 bacterial meningitis patients did not decrease after antibiotic treatment. The PCT levels did not change [(19 78 4± 18 33)ng/ml vs (19 56 4± 18 97)ng/ml, P 0 05]. ④The PCT levels differed significantly between those who survived and those who died [(1 43 ± 1 24)ng/ml vs(25 034± 16 79)ng/ml, P 0 001].Conclusion Serum PCT is related to the severity of disease in children with bacterial meningitis. A fall in PCT after treatment may have favorable prognostic significance.


In this paper, a plate forging simulation technique is presented with emphasis on special compound die, which moves with given velocity in the early stage and exerts the prescribed force on the material after its forming load exceeds the given force. Comparisons of predictions between two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element methods as well as between rigid-plastic and elastoplastic finite element methods are given for a test plate forging process. It is shown that variation of the predictions of plate forging with theory and dimension is relatively great, compared to typical forging, implying that more study on the plate forging is needed.


The article presents a study of the friction temperature at the contact soil soil-material. For the tests, samples
of 38GSA steel padded with El-Hard 63 electrode and Hardox 600 steel were selected. The experiment was
carried out in laboratory conditions using the "rotating bowl" method in two soil types with different humidity.
For light soil abrasive, the change in humidity increased the mass consumption in the wet soil almost twice
for Hardox 600 steel and 1.5 times for the steel 38GSA welded. However, in the middle soil, the 38GSA
steel was characterized by a higher wear value. The research shows that there were significant differences in
consumption between the tested materials.


The method of using computer as the tool to imitate the plant growth and its appearance was being continual in development along with technique calculator .The software is based on 3ds max script and it can create beautiful tree,which is the basic of virtual forestry environment. The creation of tree adopts spacial L-system method and MESH that is an important modeling tool in 3ds max. Moreover the software realizes automation of tree and camera.


To get a survey about the condition of documents and books in archives and libraries in Hessia/Germany, a systematic investigation was performed, based on physical and chemical properties of paper. The results were used for an evaluation of the degree of paper decomposition during the last 150 years. 200 samples from the Hessische Landes- and Hochschulbibliothek Darmstadt and the Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden were analyzed on chemical and physical properties as well as fibre composition. Some results are presented. Further requirements on research work are discussed


Let us consider that K be a complete ultrametric algebraically closed field and A(K) be the K-algebra of entire functions on K. In this paper we...


ABSTRACT NO. 2017-167 As part of the Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) effort following the Deepwater Horizon (MC252) blowout and oil spill in 2010, over 5,300 water samples were forensical...


This paper introduces technical details of machine translation system of Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (ISTIC) for the 17th International Conference on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT 2020). ISTIC participated in both translation tasks of the Open Domain Translation track: Japanese-to-Chinese MT task and Chinese-to-Japanese MT task. The paper mainly elaborates on the model framework, data preprocessing methods and decoding strategies adopted in our system. In addition, the system performance on the development set are given under different settings.


Latin America is a vast region that spread at southside of USA, from Mexico to Chile. Dominated by Catholicism, this region maintains its social and political culture inheritaged from 16th century. But by the 21st century Catholicism was challenged by the new religion. Islam is the majority religion in the Middle East and Asia slowly emerged and gets a lot of followers in Latin America. Using the qualitative analisys and library research, it is found that this religion is growing quite rapidly because of its honest and anti violence followers, as well as to be known as a religion of peace and tolerance. In today politics, religion is no longer just a private matter, it is a public concern and both are interrelated and in uence each other. Islam as the religion of minority plays a signi cant role in Latin America, including maintaining stability of society, so as the economy. Prominent Muslims also pay some political support albeit in a small scale, equals to its position as a minority.


Abstract : Contents: Public attitudes toward war, the President and foreign relations; Martial law, revolution and democracy in the Philippines; Would Chiang find Mao an unacceptably strange bedfellow; U.S.S.R. initiatives for collective security in Asia; Regional security in East Asia; Four 'what ifs' for Vietnam.


Setouchi International Art Festival in Japan, a huge scaled art event has been held triennially since 2010 in Setonaikai inland sea area. From the 1st festival in 2000, it has attracted great attention as a successful revitalization case in that around on


Subtitle: After many years of picking up bargain aircraft for freighter conversions, regional cargo carriers now find supplies dwindling, as Al Ditter reports.


This research employs hybrid pinch analysis method to evaluate the heat exchanger network (HEN) of an existing refining plant for thermal design bottlenecks. The pinch rules and thermodynamic models were used to analyze the existing network design using available heat flow data to and from each cascade to determine the pinch temperature on incremental heat changes. The pinch point was discovered at the 6th and 7th temperature interval corresponding to a process pinch of 188°C with temperature above and below pinch at 193°C and 183°C respectively. The temperature profile showed two distinct regimes: exponential and linear trend lines within 0°C and 110°C which indicated an initial uneven temperature rise that later stabilized with increment proportional to the heat flow quantity within the heat exchanger with time. Furthermore, the temperature of the crude after it passed through the preheat exchanger network in the base case was found to be 242°C but through the retrofit method 275°C was achieved resulting in 33°C temperature differential. By this approach, the base case number of heat exchangers and trains were reduced from 36 and 20 to 30 and 10 respectively and an energy saving of about 19255KJ was achieved for each second the plan was operated.


Synthetic porous materials, e.g. based on polyamide, polyether sulfone, polyvinylpyrrolidone etc. compounds, have numerous and important medical applications. They are used as filtering membranes in hemodialysis [1], micro-capsules for cells or drugs encapsulation and delivery [2], scaffolds for biological tissue cultivation [3], etc. Usefulness of porous materials in medical applications directly depends on their biochemical and mechanical properties, in particular, on porosity characteristics. The last should thus be carefully controlled within a production process and kept stable for exploitation period. For this purpose, numerical parameters describing size and shape of pores as well as global material porosity characteristics (porosity factor, material's permeability, multi-layer architecture of porous membranes etc.) have been proposed [4,5]. In fact, the parameters don't describe the pores directly but their planar cross-sections visible in SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) images. Moreover, such geometrical parameters like pore section's spread, surface, length of contour etc. are by computer systems interpreted in a discrete geometry sense, not quite consistent with the widely known Euclidean geometry. The differences are particularly clear in case of small (consisting of several pixels) geometrical objects analysis.


: Interpersonal synchrony has been treated as critical element to build up social communication system. Systematic study of neuroscience literature showed interpersonal synchrony decreased or disrupted at different levels for children who have been identified autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including behavior level, intelligence level and emotional level. Furthermore, magnetoencephalography neuroimaging evidences show that the reduction or interruption of brain synchronous coordination response between ASD children and peers. It is difficult to realize the sharing of implicit mental state and the synchronization of explicit interactive behavior. Future studies related to propose modelling of interpersonal synchrony for ASD individual from three aspects, including cognitive solidification, behavioral disharmony and emotional expression imbalance, and explore whether the atypical interpersonal synchronization of ASD children is the product of impaired social function or the potential mechanism of impaired social function.


A study was undertaken to determine the value of closed pericardial biopsy in establishing the histological diagnosis in 23 patients with confirmed pericardial effusion. Histological examination revealed a tuberculous aetiology in 17 cases, pyogenic in 3, post-traumatic in 2 and viral in 1.S. Afr. Med. J., 48, 1991 (1974).


The modulated crystal structures of Rb 2 ZnCl 4 are determined by using X-ray reflection data collected by an automatic four-circle diffractometer. In contrast to the disordered structure in the normal phase, the commensurate structure at 146 K is successfully determined by a harmonic vibration model with normal values of the thermal displacement of atoms. The incommensurate structure projected onto the three-dimensional section is determined at 233 K on the basis of the main reflections. The structure thus obtained has large mean-square displacements compared with the values in the other phases. This result is explained by the fact that the thermal displacement of the projection structure includes the contribution from the static modulated distortion of which amount can be evaluated from the temperature change of the mean-square atomic displacement.


Five cerebrosides, CE-1-1, CE-1-2, CE-1-3, CE-3-1, and CE-3-2, and a ganglioside molecular species CG-1 have been obtained from the less polar and polar fractions, respectively, of the chloroform/methanol extract of the sea cucumber Cucumaria echinata. The structures of these glycosphingolipids have been determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. The cerebrosides show lethality toward brine shrimps. On the other hand, the ganglioside CG-1 exhibits neuritogenic activity toward the rat pheochromocytoma cell line, PC-12 cells.


Currently the data mining technology is extensively in commerce,finance etc,whereas there is little application in education.The student crisis forecast and support system is applied software which can analyze college students objectively.The foundation that it designs is a flood of students' information data.The data warehouse technique can gather this information to provide analysis and decision making.This makes our pre-warning work establish the foundation in dependable information.This article is detailed to expatiate the design of data warehouse in student crisis forecast and support system and provides an application direction of the data mining technology in higher education management.


EARLY CHILDHOOD MIDDLE CHILDHOOD ADOLESCENCE AGE1 Prenatal2 Newborn3 3-5 d4 By 1 mo 2 mo 4 mo 6 mo 9 mo 12 mo 15 mo 18 mo 24 mo 30 mo 3 y 4 y 5 y 6 y 7 y 8 y 9 y 10 y 11 y 12 y 13 y 14 y 15 y 16 y 17 y 18 y 19 y 20 y 21 y HISTORY Initial/Interval l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l MEASUREMENTS Length/Height and Weight l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l Head Circumference l l l l l l l l l l l Weight for Length l l l l l l l l l l Body Mass Index5 l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l Blood Pressure6 ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l SENSORY SCREENING Vision7 ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê l l l l ê l ê l ê l ê ê l ê ê ê ê ê ê Hearing l8 l9 ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê l l l ê l ê l l10 l l DEVELOPMENTAL/BEHAVIORAL HEALTH Developmental Screening11 l l l Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening12 l l Developmental Surveillance l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l Psychosocial/Behavioral Assessment13 l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l Tobacco, Alcohol, or Drug Use Assessment14 ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê Depression Screening15 l l l l l l l l l l Maternal Depression Screening16 l l l l PHYSICAL EXAMINATION17 l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l PROCEDURES18 Newborn Blood l19 l20 Newborn Bilirubin21 l Critical Congenital Heart Defect22 l Immunization23 l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l Anemia24 ê l ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê Lead25 ê ê l or ê26 ê l or ê26 ê ê ê ê Tuberculosis27 ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê Dyslipidemia28 ê ê ê ê l ê ê ê ê ê l Sexually Transmitted Infections29 ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê HIV30 ê ê ê ê l ê ê ê Cervical Dysplasia31 l ORAL HEALTH32 l33 l33 ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê Fluoride Varnish34 l Fluoride Supplementation35 ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ANTICIPATORY GUIDANCE l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l Each child and family is unique; therefore, these Recommendations for Preventive Pediatric Health Care are designed for the care of children who are receiving competent parenting, have no manifestations of any important health problems, and are growing and developing in a satisfactory fashion. Developmental, psychosocial, and chronic disease issues for children and adolescents may require frequent counseling and treatment visits separate from preventive care visits. Additional visits also may become necessary if circumstances suggest variations from normal. These recommendations represent a consensus by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and Bright Futures. The AAP continues to emphasize the great importance of continuity of care in comprehensive health supervision and the need to avoid fragmentation of care. Refer to the specific guidance by age as listed in the Bright Futures Guidelines (Hagan JF, Shaw JS, Duncan PM, eds. Bright Futures: Guidelines for Health Supervision of Infants, Children, and Adolescents. 4th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2017). The recommendations in this statement do not indicate an exclusive course of treatment or standard of medical care. Variations, taking into account individual circumstances, may be appropriate. Copyright © 2019 by the American Academy of Pediatrics, updated March 2019. No part of this statement may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the American Academy of Pediatrics except for one copy for personal use. Bright Futures/AAP Recommendations for Preventive Pediatric Health Care (Periodicity Schedule) Bright Futures/American Academy of Pediatrics


Mainstream historiography often turns to Europe's era of empire building to explain the expansion of Western formal education in Africa. Popular accounts suggest that in Africa (1) colonial involvement in education was late and short lived, spanning the early decades of the twentieth century, (2) missionaries were largely responsible for early educational expansion, and (3) education expansion resulted from interdenominational rivalries among missionaries. However, these popular narratives inadequately account for Africans' own responses to colonial education. This study examines social and cultural shifts in northern Igboland in southeastern Nigeria between 1890 and 1930. It uses colonial archives and oral sources to demonstrate that beyond missionary rivalry, domestic contests converged with the fledgling colonial process to promote English education in northern Igboland. To accomplish this task, the article reviews methodological assumptions responsible for marginal attention to the agency of the colonized in the historiography of Western education in former colonies.


The cost of mask is increasing dramatically along with the continuous semiconductor scaling. ASET started a 4-year project to reduce mask manufacturing cost and TAT by optimizing Mask Data Preparation (MDP), mask writing, and mask inspection in 2006, with the support from the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). Concerning the mask inspection, the project aims at shortening the review time after inspection. In mask inspection it approaches the limit to inspect the entire surface of a mask in the unique defect judgment algorithm without a pseudo defect. In addition, a nuisance defect including a pseudo defect increases by raising the defect detection sensitivity, and the review time after inspection increases. Mask inspection total time increases too and this will raise the mask inspection cost. Practical mask inspection can be conducted now by inputting the judgment level based on directions of design data there and by making a defect judgment level of every domestic area changeable. We can also shorten the review time by analyzing the printability on the wafer of the detected defect by the simulation, and by using the result for the defect judgment. In this report, we will show the latest research result about an inspection system technology that the defect judgment level for each domestic area can be changed, and a method to input the defect judgment level based on the pattern importance, which a device designer intended, into inspection equipment. In addition, we will show a design of the interface technology that hand over the information of the detected defect to a process simulator (wafer image simulator).


The phylogenetic relationships between bivoltine and polyvoltine silkworm B. mori strains were examined sequencing~520-bp of mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I (mtCOI). Multiple alignments of the sequences ascertained the probability of Transition/Transversion substitutions. The percentage of A+T content was higher than that of C+G region. Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis clustered four strains into two major groups and accurately segregated them according to their voltinism inheritance. The open reading frames of the gene were found exhibited the strain-specificity indicating their geographical origin. The protein coding sequence identified which commenced with 4-bp TTAG putative initiator codon. The outcome suggested the mtCOI gene has not only crucial task in learning the evolutionary evidences but it can also be characterized as a bar-coding marker for revealing voltinism's expression and genetic variation in the silkworm, discriminating their genotype based on COI gene nucleotide versatilities. The study was fruitful as we noticed prominent intra-specific versatility among B. mori species, indicating presence of allele/s regulating diapause development-linked to COI gene. We conclude with an insight into potential utility of DNA bar-coding technique for ecological classification and taxonomic investigation of insect's biodiversity.


From the Publisher:
Now available in Spanish, this book describes the increasing significance of the concept of metadata since the emergence of the World Wide Web as a major research tool across all fields of study. This book defines this little-understood concept, explains its importance and potential uses in the networked environment, and describes existing metadata standards in the field of cultural heritage information.


. Taxus wallichiana Zucc. is globally recognized as a powerful anti-cancer tree that grows naturally in the Himalayas and parts of Southeast Asia. Needles and bark containing taxol are used to treat different types of cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the habitat suitability and potential threats of Taxus wallichiana Zucc. in Nepal. The suitable area for Taxus wallichiana Zucc. is about 11% (15781.59 km 2 ) of the total area of Nepal, mainly in the mountains and Himalayan regions of Nepal. While using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) software to predict the potential distribution, elevation, isothermality (BIO-3), Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI), and land use/land cover were the most influential among 31 variables. The accuracy of the model was excellent with an average Area under the receiver-operator curve (AUC) of 0.96±0.002 and an average True Skills Statistics (TSS) of 0.66±0.038. While analyzing the top four key variables, altitude, isothermality, land use/land cover and NDVI mean were highly influenced for the model. Therefore, we might promote Taxus wallichiana with elevation range (1000-4200 m), isothermality (32%-52.5%), land use/land cover (forest type), and NDVI (0.3-0.8). Taxus wallichiana can be cultivated in 56 mountains and Himalayan districts of Nepal with an elevation from 1000 m to 4200 m above Mean Sea Level (MSL). The high-value medicinal plant itself became the cause of threats to natural habitats. The collection of bark and leaves for sale, over-grazing, heavy use in construction, and lack of awareness were the top causes of threats of Taxus wallichiana in Nepal. The Government of Nepal should start cultivation in 56 potential districts of Nepal so that it can be conserved locally and served to the world as raw material for research and production of anti-cancer drugs.