CaringforpersonswithAIDS and cancerisnot an easybook. It is not a "how-to" book asits namemightsuggest,thoughit includessectionsonpain andsymptommanagement and nutrition for theterminallyill. Neitheris it an "introduction to hospice" book, thoughit definesanddescribesthepalliative careconceptandinpatientunit. And whilethebookoffersafairlycomprehensiveetiology of both AIDS and cancer,it is not a medicaltext either. Rather,Caringforpersonswith AIDS andcancertreatsthe ethical-spiritual foundationof care-giving. Tuoheybeginswith adescriptionof theperson. Drawingon scholarsfrom amultitudeof disciplines,heviewsthe personwithin the contextsof culture, relationships,political entities, role playingandothers. To thesehe adds thecharacteristicof integration,which hedefmesas: "pulling thingstogether into acoherentandmeaningfulwhole, makingsenseof realitysothatit canbe lived." Integrationbecomesthekeyto assessingcarebecauseit helpsdistinguishbetweencarethatleadstowellbeing or its opposite,suffering. Suffering, in turn, is astatein whichintegration is disturbedor prevented,regardless of the clinical condition of the patient. As noted,Tuoheyincludessections on themoreutilitarianaspectsof caregiving, but the heartof the book is its lastchapter,"Morally responsiblecare forthetenninallyifi." HereTuoheyassertsprinciplesthatmayhavebeenacceptedastruismsin the hospicecommunity,andgoeson toprovideamoral explanationof why theyaretrue. The actofdyingis theprocessofre-integration with sometimespainful, disappointing,andunfairreality. Thedisintegratedpersonwill feel thatdeathis an outsideforceimposingitself ontheunwilling subject. But by mobilizing coping skills, evendenial, the patient canbegintosynthesizethenewreality. He canmakedeatha partof himself, runningitscoursein itsowntime,along with all oftheotheractivitiesof living. The patientneednot be happyabout imminentdeathto havereachedanaccommodationwith it, but he neednot sufferfrom it either. Thus,Tuohey says,the will of the patient is fundamentalfor wellbeing. The patientknowswhat careheneeds to enhancehiscomfortandassurecontinued integration. "The approach neededto relievesufferingis onethat gives the personthe opportunity for willful involvement in his/her own care." The patient/family is the unit of care, Tuohey asserts,becausethe patient'srolewithin thefamily is essential tohissenseof himself. Bypreserving thefamily, thepatient'ssenseof integrationis sparedonecommonsource of assault. Tuohey alsobelievesthat artificial nourishmentand hydration maybe withdrawn, while useof narcotics for pain relief is appropriate. Thesearetwo oft-debatedprinciples, but Tuoheyjustifies them within the contextof the reliefof suffering. Any act that interfereswith the patient's processof integration(or failure to act againstan avoidableinterferencesuch as pain) is contraryto relief of suffering. "Any intervention,"hesays,"that imposesanyformof careon theperson is inappropriate." (emphasisin original). Perhapsthemostprevalenthemein thisbook is patientcontrol. If we accept the premisethatthe patientis involved in an ongoing processof integrationandre-integration,we must acceptthat the patientcan andshould order the world aroundhim. Thus, whatheisfeeling,thinking, ingesting, perceivingare uniquely his, and the care-giver'sroleis to supportthe need to keepthe world intact. Although Tuohey believes that reconciliation with deathis possible, healsobelieves insomepeople'sneednotto bereconciled. Thus,control supersedeseven acceptance. Tuohey'sconceptof control as the basis for integration is the spiritual counterpartof theconcept of controlas apolitical right. Many hospiceswere founded upon the political principle that patientshavetherighttofull information, the right to participate in decisionmakingaboutcare,therightto decidethat furtheraggressivetherapy is inappropriate,the right to be in familiar, comfortable surroundings, etc. However,thehospicefoundersdid not necessarilyknowthattheprinciple uponwhichtheir assertionsrestedwas the unalienableright to control. Likewise,theymaynot recognizecontrol in its spiritual aspectuntil they delveinto thistract. Perhapssectionsof Caringfor perSonswithAIDS andcancershouldbe requiredreadingatthe verybeginning of hospicetraining. It couldbehoped thatwhat to do as a care-giverwould flow naturally out of this carefuland compeffing descriptionof why we do it~:I —SusanSilver


This paper identifies the obstacles stakeholder participation in Mexican Protected Areas management confronts, in order to contrast them with the outstanding performance of the Advisory Council to the El Vizcaino Biosphere Reserve (Baja California), a participatory platform that has developed crucial capacities over the years. The results of qualitative in-depth interviews show that it is possible to overcome most of these obstacles by improving internal organization of the council and using the council's increasing power to lobby for members' interests. The development of these capacities depends, however, on several external factors that enhence or affect the platforms' performance.


Expression of miR‐96‐5p is frequently altered in various types of cancer and the KRAS oncogene has been identified as one of its potential targets. However, the biological role of miR‐96‐5p expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its ability to predict the clinical course of patients have not been investigated yet. In this study, we explored miR‐96‐5p expression in 80 CRC patients and evaluated the impact on clinical outcome by Kaplan‐Meier curves and multivariate Cox proportional models. In vitro miR‐96‐5p inhibition and overexpression were performed in CRC cells and the effects on cellular growth, anchorage‐independent growth, apoptosis, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related gene expression were explored. Low miR‐96‐5p expression levels in tumor tissue were associated with distant metastasis (P = 0.025) and multivariate Cox regression analysis identified low levels of miR‐96‐5p as an independent prognostic factor with respect to cancer‐specific survival (hazard ratio = 1.78, 95%CI = 1.03‐3.03, P < 0.038). In vitro overexpression of miR‐96‐5p led to a reduced cellular growth rate (P < 0.05), reduced colonies in soft agar (P < 0.05), corroborated by a decreased cyclin D1 and increased p27‐CDKN1A expression (P < 0.05). Forced expression of miR‐96‐5p in CRC cells entailed no effects on apoptosis or EMT‐related genes but decreased the expression levels of the KRAS oncogene (P < 0.05). Despite regulating KRAS expression, there was no significant association in miR‐96‐5p expression levels and response rates to EGFR‐targeting agents. In conclusion, our data suggest that miR‐96‐5p influences cellular growth of CRC cells and low expression of miR‐96‐5p seems to be associated with poor clinical outcome in CRC patients. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Air quality monitoring in Khayelitsha, an informal settlement near the City of Cape Town, identified that air quality was poor and substantially more severe than elsewhere on the Cape Peninsula. Naturally, the health risks associated with this state of affairs was concerning.


Cohomology support loci of rank one local systems of a smooth quasiprojective complex algebraic variety are finite unions of torsion-translated complex subtori of the character variety of the fundamental group. Tangent spaces of the character variety are (partially) represented by logarithmic 1-forms. In this paper, we give a relation between cohomology support loci and the natural strata of 1-forms given by the dimension of the vanishing locus. This relation generalizes the one for the projective case due to Green and Lazarsfeld and also generalizes the partial relation due to Dimca in the quasi-projective case.


This article uses literature and expert interview to study Chinese martial arts kick boxing movement's development.It is thought while the Chinese martial arts kick boxing is pursuing the western Olympics spirit constantly,strengthened the kick boxing sports attribute,but has neglected the national tradition culture which own should have;In follows under the western sports competition pattern,the development will be hard to start;Proposed that the martial arts kick boxing movement takes road of the popular is its development steady road.


This paper presents an analysis of business surveys data to be used in a new estimation methodology of national accounts transport margins. The new methodology will consist in the following steps: business surveys analysis in relation to the transport margins estimation; business surveys data editing and imputation; matrix compilation. The paper will concentrate on the first two steps.


Abstract Rehabilitation of downy brome–infested shrublands is challenging once this invasive grass dominates native communities. The effectiveness of imazapic herbicide in reducing downy brome cover has been variable, and there is uncertainty about the impacts of imazapic on native species. We used a before-after-control-impact (BACI) field experiment and greenhouse studies to (1) determine if imazapic herbicide applied at 132 g ai ha−1 (8 oz/ac−1) and seeding with two native shrub species (Wyoming big sagebrush [Artemisia tridentata] and Mexican cliffrose [Purshia mexicana]) reduced downy brome cover and promoted shrub establishment, (2) assess potential effects of imazapic on nontarget plant species and plant community composition, and (3) determine if imazapic affected downy brome or seeded shrub species when applied at different developmental stages. Seeding shrubs, alone, or in combination with imazapic application, did not significantly increase shrub density, possibly because of droughty conditions. In the field, imazapic reduced downy brome cover by 20% and nontarget forb cover by 25% and altered plant community composition the first year after treatment. Imazapic was lethal to downy brome at all growth stages in the greenhouse and reduced shrub germination by 50 to 80%, but older shrub seedlings were more tolerant of the herbicide. We conclude that a one-time application of imazapic combined with seeding shrubs was only slightly effective in rehabilitating areas with high downy brome and thatch cover and resulted in short-term impacts to nontarget species. These results highlight the need to treat downy brome infestations before they become too large. Also, removing thatch prior to treating with imazapic, although likely lethal to the native shrubs we studied, could increase the effectiveness of imazapic. Nomenclature: Imazapic; downy brome, Bromus tectorum L.; Mexican cliffrose, Purshia mexicana (D. Don) Henrickson; Wyoming big sagebrush, Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. wyomingensis Beetle & Young. Nomenclature of all plants follows the USDA-NRCS PLANTS database (http://plants.usda.gov/), and common names of invasive plant species follow the WSSA database (http://www.wssa.net/Weeds/ID/WeedNames/namesearch.php). Interpretive Summary: Downy brome is a highly invasive annual grass that can outcompete native plant species and increase the frequency of fires. We examined if treatment with imazapic herbicide and/or seeding with native shrubs was effective in rehabilitating shrublands highly invaded by downy brome. We also determined the effects of imazapic on different growth stages of both downy brome and three shrub species in the greenhouse. Imazapic was lethal to downy brome at all growth stages in the greenhouse, yet only reduced downy brome cover by 20% for one season in the field, likely due to high thatch cover and the large amount of available downy brome seeds. Imazapic also altered plant community composition and reduced forb cover by 25% in the field the first year after treatment. Shrub establishment was low in all seeding treatments, probably because of droughty conditions. Shrub germination was reduced in the greenhouse by up to 80% by imazapic, yet remnant shrubs in the field and 4-mo-old shrubs in the greenhouse were tolerant of the herbicide, leading us to recommend that imazapic be applied after shrubs are established instead of at the time of seeding. We conclude that a one-time imazapic application and seeding treatment was minimally effective in reducing downy brome or increasing shrub density, but fortunately, the disturbances associated with seeding did not increase downy brome populations. Removing thatch before treating with imazapic, although likely lethal to the native shrubs we studied, could increase the effectiveness of imazapic. Because imazapic can alter native plant communities, we recommend further research on the unintended consequences of this herbicide and the consideration of other strategies for downy brome control, such as seeding native plant barriers and using herbicides that selectively reduce downy brome seed viability.


INSTITUTIONAL religion is an important factor in the American social and cultural scene. According to the latest published statistics, there are in the United States 255 religious bodies with a total membership of about 95 million, or nearly 60 per cent of the population. If only adults were considered, the percentage would be substantially higher. Of these, 56 million are Protestant Christian, 32 million are Roman Catholic, 5 million are Jewish and 2 million are Eastern Orthodox. The multiplicity indicated by the number 255 is misleading, since the great majority are members of a relatively small number of major religious bodies. Nevertheless, plurality of religious organizations is a dominant feature of the American scene, of particular importance for the problem of religion in public education.


Caloneis mendosina var. mendosina , Caloneis mendosina var. minor and Caloneis quilinensis from slides of the Frenguelli Collection deposited at the Herbarium of the Division Ficologia 'Dr. Sebastian A. Guarrera' (LPC), were investigated using light microscope (LM). Unmounted material related to these slides was observed using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Specimens of both varieties of C. mendosina found in the original material show a continuous range of size and stria density, and are ultrastructurally similar; thus the taxa are considered conspecific. Specimens of C. quilinensis found in the original material show more variability than described in the protologue. A continuous range of size, stria density, shape of the frustules and valve outline was observed between C. mendosina and C. quilinensis . Additionally, ultrastructural comparison of both taxa showed numerous features in common including shape of the valve surface, morphology of the valve mantle, shape of the axial area, shape of the fascia, position of the raphe, morphology and orientation of the external central and distal raphe fissures, and size and position of the elliptical apertures of the alveolate striae. The evidence that there is no morphologic and morphometric discontinuity between these Frenguelli taxa and that they come from similar diatomaceous earth deposits, justify considering them conspecific. Based on the principle of priority the correct name of the species is Caloneis mendosina. The description of C. mendosina was emended, a lectotype slide was selected, and a comparison with some allied species was conducted.


civil and structural Her concerned with structural art, shell structural design, alternate pedagogies for interdisciplinary education, and investigations to foster creativity and innovation in engineering curricula. Mac Namara co-authored a book Collaboration in Architecture and Engineering released in 2014 and her research has in engineering and architecture education journals, nationally and She for innova-tive teaching Princeton University, Syracuse University, and the American Society for Engineering Education. She also in design and design-build projects as a collaborator with her architecture students and colleagues. This work has been recognized awards the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture, the Architectural Institute of America and the City of New York.


The present research focalizes the attention on a sociological approach to disaster resilience.
Specifically it would explore the social relationships established in a context of natural disaster and between population affected by natural disaster and civil protection volunteers.
The research fieldworks are represented by last three dramatic Italian earthquakes: Umbria – Marche (1997), Molise (2002) e Abruzzo (2009).
In the first part of the thesis will be presented the definitions of the fundamental concepts for the sociology of disasters, a literature review about the topic of disaster resilient presents within human and social science context and the organization of civil protection system and civil defence in Italy.
Referring to the empirical part, there were collected important and interesting information about the possible social tie between civil protection volunteers and population affected by earthquakes through different methodologies of research as semi structured interviews to the civil protection experts, an on line questionnaire for all civil protection volunteers and life stories for population affected by earthquake.
The research guides for interesting findings for disaster resilience within a sociological context and for its future possible developments.


A lot of researches have been done in the teleoperation field. In order to control a robot from remote site, simple position teaching devices were developed followed by the advanced force feedback devices. Most of the force feedback master devices are as big as the slave robot and equipped with heavy actuators. A new teleoperation device is presented in this paper. A simple exo-skeleton type master arm is designed based on the kinematic analysis of the human arm. For force reflection, pneumatic actuators are used. This device is integrated with KIST Humanoid robot as well as graphic simulator, so that the master arm can be used for teaching the robot or as the virtual reality device integrated with the graphic simulator. A force reflecting master hand was also developed with similar design to the master arm. These force reflecting master arm and hand are very light and compact so that a human can easily wear while he feels the same force as the robot does while giving position command to the slave robot.


This study examines the issue on whether lag selection using standard information criteria can help improve the power of the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test. Unlike previous studies, the analysis explicitly corrects for the potential sensitivity of critical values – on which measurements of test power are based – to the sample size and lag selection. Empirical power curves are estimated under different lag selection methods. Monte Carlo evidence supports that lag selection based on usual information criteria can lead to power gains for the ADF test for autoregressive processes, but not for processes with moving-average errors.


A taxonomic synopsis of the genus Hirtzia (Orchidaceae) is presented. An identification key to the species is provided and their morphology described, supported by illustrations of plant habit and perianth segments. A new species from Peru, H. dodsoniana Szlach. & Kolan., is described based on material collected in the department of Pasco.


This research explores 2-year-old toddlers' social perspective taking and prosocial experiences while they play in the nature-bounded outdoor area in the daycare center. For this research, twenty toddlers were observed and two teachers participated in the data collecting procedure. Researchers visit...


local government system. Indeed, the whole of the statutory side is underconsidered, but as he himself says the subject is so vast that it cannot all be included in one book. This is, then, a valuable book which raises in fascinating form a whole range of questions which should now attract a lot more attention from students of social administration than, regrettably, they have had so far. He deliberately excluded Scotland from his scope, but his hope tha t ' there may be things in this book of interest to Scottish readers' is amply realized. At a time when those concerned with Scottish charities are avidly waiting for the report of the secretary of state's inquiry into the feasibility of a Scottish register of charities Nightingale's collection of critical questions and useful data is most welcome.


The three exploratory studies reported here investigate the role of love styles in the early stages of romantic relationships. Study 1 (N = 108) had subjects rate and rank 14 characteristics of prospective romantic partners. As expected, individual's love style scores were related to the characteristics people report as desirable in a relational partner. Several of these effects, however, were moderated by sex. Study 2 (N = 173) revealed that scores on love styles were associated with ratings of opening lines and intensification strategies. None of these effects were moderated by sex. Study 3 (N = 137) investigated the association between love styles and ratings of secret tests among individuals currently involved in a romantic relationship. The results indicated that love styles were associated with ratings of secret tests. These data add to a growing body of literature suggesting that love styles are associated with individual differences in relational and communicative behavior across the life span of romantic relationships.


By the end of 2007,a total of 15 sites for Oryza rufipogon in-situ conservation had been established in different parts of China.However,these sites were selected only on the basis of the scientists'experience and the materials submitted by different provinces.Thus,the validity of the selected populations still needs to be verified.By virtue of 24 pairs of SSR markers,the research was conducted on genetic diversity for 427 accessions of Oryza rufipogon from the 15 in-situ conserved populations and 357 accessions from 15 non-conserved populations which were randomly selected according to their latitude,so as to clarify the genetic diversity and representativeness of the existing Oryza rufipogon in situ conserved populations in China.The results indicated that the average Ae and I of the 24 loci of the conserved populations were 5.98 and 1.90 respectively,which were higher than those of non-conserved populations(5.85 and 1.86 respectively).However,the average He of the 24 loci of the conserved populations was 0.79,which was lower than that of the non-conserved populations(0.80).Besides,test of significance on the Ae,I, and He of the SSR loci showed that there was no significant difference between the two populations,demonstrating that the genetic diversity of the conserved populations could be representative for the Oryza rufipogon populations in China.Moreover,thenumber of specific alleles of the conserved populations was 40,which far exceeded that of the non-conserved populations(20), showing that the conserved populations possessed more unique genes which are worth conserved.In addition,based on previous research findings and in accordance with the geographic information of the conserved populations,we found that the 15 conservation sites covered all the typical geographic types in the Oryza rufipogon distribution areas in China.Thus,we may conclude that the 15 in-situ conservation sites were scientifically and rationally selected.On the basis of the analysis of the genetic structure of the Oryza rufipogon populations in China,it was recommended that future in-situ conservation sites should be established mainly in the southern part of Guangxi and in Guangdong.


A vertical LED lamp plate fixing structure and an omnidirectional LED lamp applying thereof, which comprises an LED lamp plate (4) and two right-angled clamping plates (8). Each of the two right-angled clamping plates (8) is provided with a horizontal mounting surface (81) and a vertical clamping surface (82), and the vertical clamping surfaces (82) of the two right-angled clamping plates (8) are fastened on two lower-end sides of the LED lamp plate (4). The LED lamp plate fixing structure is simple, strong in wholeness, low in cost and firm and convenient to assemble.


In recent years, various applications are expected to arise for IoT systems that incorporate sensor technology, network technology, and information processing technology. With IoT systems, several technologies must be combined systematically. Design and construction of IoT systems require great amounts of knowledge, time, and funds. In this paper, we propose a method of prototype construction for the active creation of IoT application ideas. This method clearly presents contents and procedures for prototyping for students of non-IT courses and non-science/non-engineering courses in their own specialized fields. This method has an IoT device implementation framework. Application of the framework facilitates ease of connection of versatile sensors and actuators. After the prototype is constructed according to this construction method, those who constructed it (constructors) can perform problem solving, idea creation, and needs assessment related to their own specialized fields. This construction method was applied practically by science and engineering students in non-IT courses and non-science/non-engineering students, for whom its effects were evaluated.


Sociologists often view the process of social mobility as being socially and psychologically disruptive to the mobile person. This article tests that hypothesis with a group of socially mobile college students. Far from displaying psychological symptoms of marginality, however, students from lower-status backgrounds were found to have equally high grades as upper-middle-status students; nor were they more troubled by worries. They displayed no higher symptoms of anxiety, did not harbor a lower self-concept, and did not feel socially rejected. Data on social relationships show that when students from working-status backgrounds go to a public university, they actually experience social continuity rather than disjuncture and marginality. The suggestion is made that mobile college students undergo anticipatory socialization, while in high school, and that those attending public universities experience sufficient social continuity to become assimilated into upper-middle-status positions without major disruption.


A new polygon positron emission mammography imaging system (PEMi) was developed in 2009 by the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. PEMi is constructed in a polygon structure with lutetium yttrium orthosilicate crystal arrays mounted on a position-sensitive photomultiplier. The system consists of 64 blocks and each block is arranged in 16 ×16 crystal arrays with a pixel size of 1.9 ×1.9 ×15 mm. The diameter of the detector ring is 166 mm, and the axial length is 128 mm. The transaxial field of view of PEMi is 110 mm. The goal of the initial study was to test PEMi's performance and the clinical imaging ability with a small group of selected subjects. The detectors have a measured intrinsic spatial resolution averaging 1.67 mm. The axial and tangential resolution remained under 2.5-mm full width at half maximum within the central 5-cm diameter of the field of view. The hot rods with a diameter of 1.7 mm can be clearly identified, and the structure of the region containing 1.35-mm diameter rods can also be observed. Using a 6-ns coincidence timing window and a 360 ~ 660-keV energy window, the peak sensitivity of the tomograph is 6.88%. The noise-equivalent count rate peak is 110 \thinspace766 cps for a breast-like cylindrical phantom of 100 mm in diameter at an activity concentration of 0.03 MBq/cc. The recovery coefficients ranged from 0.21 to 0.85 for rods between 1 mm and 5 mm in the image-quality phantom. The reconstructed image resolution achieved an improvement compared with whole-body positron emission tomography (PET), which might reduce the lower threshold on detectable lesion size. Example patient images demonstrate that PEMi is clinically feasible. And more detailed structure information was obtained with PEMi than with the whole-body PET imaging.


T., "Experiments with a Four-Bladed Cyclic Pitch Stirring Model Rotor". Part I considers a number of simplifications in rotor-body dynamics and applies the various analytical models to a hypothetical compound hingeless rotorcraft with and without feedback into cyclic and collective controls. Part


Education module on the physical properties of wood in terms of its basic structure with a discussion of the effect of moisture content on these properties and the relation of physical properties to utilization. Includes a glossary and problem with answers. Part of series on wood as a material prepared for the first Clark L. Heritage Memorial Workshop at The University of Wisconsin, Madison, August 1979; see also 22-494, 22-712, 22-714, and 22-761 for other modules in series. -- AATA


The diffusion constants of an acidic dye (Xylene Fast Blue P) into nylon 6 monofilaments of various draw ratios have been measured at several temperatures by measuring the distance of dye penetration into the cross-sections of the sample. The results are as follows. The diffusion coefficient of dye increases, reaches a maximum at a draw ratio near 1.6, and then decreases as the draw ratio increases. The activation energy of dye diffusion obtained from the temperature dependence of dye diffusion coefficient remains nearly constant in the initial and middle stages of drawing and increases above a draw ratio of about 3, as the draw ratio increases. The change in the polymer structure during drawing is discussed on the basis of these results.


Group I seems to be more appropriate to what the MRT measures as Reading and Number Readiness. Based on this data, one might be advised to question and immediately reward culturally deprived students in listening activities when the intent is to accomplish readiness as defined and measured by the MRT. The relationship between reading and number readiness is not substantially different for the three groups (.66-.73) and shows acceptable independence of the two sub-parts.


A Fe-based MOF with narrow rectangular channels exhibited a comparable volumetric CH4 uptake with benchmark materials (e.g. MOF-5, MOF-205, MOF-905-NO2, and MOF-210).


This PhD dissertation is based on experimental work performed at the Department of Medical Biochemistry, the University of Aarhus. The work was conducted to gain insight into the cellular endocytosis and export of vitamin B12. The main results of this PhD study are presented in three separate manuscripts. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an organic molecule which functions as an essential coenzyme for two metabolic reactions in mammalians. Vitamin B12 deficiency is a common condition causing pernicious anemia, which is characterized by megaloblastic anemia and neurological symptoms. Cellular vitamin B12 uptake is a complex process involving different binding proteins (intrinsic factor and transcobalamin) and at least three different receptors. In the first study the receptor-mediated uptake of vitamin B12 has been studied in cultured cancer cells. These studies included the use of fluorescently labelled vitamin B12 conjugates, which make it possible for the first time to visualize the vitamin by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. The uptake studies revealed that the endocytosis of transcobalamin bound to fluorescent vitamin B12 conjugate correlated with the cell growth in fast-dividing cancer cells and the uptake of free vitamin B12 was negliable at low as well as high cell division activity. The second study describes the vitamin B12 export in cultured cells using 57Co-labeled vitamin. In contrast to what has been previously reported, the data evidenced that the vitamin is exported to the cellular environment as a free molecule and the binding to a carrier protein occurs subsequently to export. In the third study a transporter for cellular export of vitamin B12 was searched for by a "bioinformatics" approach, whereby a spectrum of candidate membrane proteins were selected by a subset of functional, structural and cellular location criteria. The role of candidate proteins was investigated by selective RNA silencing with small interfering RNA (siRNA) probes specific for the encoding RNAs. Inhibition of vitamin B12 export after inhibition of the expression of one of the candidate proteins by siRNA was followed-up by analysis of the vitamin B12 status of mice with targeted disruption of the encoding gene. These data showed low levels of extracellular vitamin B12 thus providing further evidence of a role of this particular transporter in cellular export of vitamin B12. In conclusion, this PhD study provides new information on the cellular vitamin B12 import and in particular export by revealing a novel transport mechanism of non-protein bound vitamin B12 and the identification of a transporter protein for this process.


This full-color, adorably illustrated book tells the story of Browser the Mouse who makes the decision to try out the new family computer without waiting for his parents help. His excitement turns to frustration, confusion and fear as he finds himself lost in a world of chat rooms, blogs and pop-up windows. After telling his parents everything, they call a family meeting to discuss using technology safely. Designed to promote dialogue and provide practical safety skills for Internet use and cyber balance, Browser is chalked full of youth-friendly, educational concepts and aids. In this book, you will find: Discussion Blocks Browsers Word List Target Words Family Internet Safety Plan Internet Certificate Word Search Lyrics to 5 educational songs on the audio CD (included)which are linked to the Acronym M-O-U-S-E used throughout the book. Parents, teachers and school counselors can use this interactive book individually, in a classroom as part of a technology lesson or for reading time.


Seismic mitigation of high-tech facilities is a very important issue in earthquake prone areas such as Taiwan, Japan, U.S.A., etc. In order to lessen vulnerability of earthquake damage of high-tech equipment, base isolation seems to be a good choice. This paper mainly explores the possibility of using a new base isolation system named the trench friction pendulum system (TFPS) to reduce seismic responses of high-tech facilities. The main reasons, from a engineer's point of view, to use this system for protecting high-tech equipment from earthquake damage are high efficiency and low cost. A series of shaking table tests for a high-tech facility isolated with TFPS isolators were carried out in the Department of Civil Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC. The experimental results show that the proposed system provides a good protection for the high-tech facility during strong earthquakes.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


The poor outcome of ESL learning in Japan has been acknowledged by both foreign and Japanese linguists and ESL teachers for nearly a century. Attitudinal and affective factors such as ethnocentrism, Japanese cultural traits, and values and beliefs expressed through modern myths were conjectured by several linguists and researchers as a cause for this phenomenon. Many attitude studies in the past have investigated the relationships between L2 learning and integrative and instrumental motivation, but there are few studies focusing on L2 learning, ethnocentrism and traits. This study is a socio-linguistic investigation to determine whether or not ethnocentrism, Japanese cultural/personality traits, values and beliefs influence ESL learning among Japanese living in Montreal. These factors were investigated using a questionnaire that measures the degree to which Japanese subjects agreed with statements expressing ethnocentric views about Japanese culture and language, traits, proverbs and modern myths. The hypothesis is that these factors are negatively correlated with English proficiency. The conclusion of this study offers some evidence supporting the hypothesis in some groups of subjects, but not in others. Such a study of social factors and L2 learning has limitations, but these results may have implications for teaching ESL to the Japanese.


Using an example of the snakeboard, a vehicle with four wheels and nonholonomic constraints, the process of construction and verification for the sparse dynamical models of the multibody systems is analyzed. Two approaches for the formal representation of the models: object-oriented, and bond graph based are considered. Energy based similarities between these approaches are analyzed. A detailed description of the bond graph representation for the most general type of constraint is presented. It turned out the resulting total bond graph model of the multibody system dynamics always has exactly a canonical junction structure. This representation has a tight correspondence with our recent object-oriented implementation of the mechanical constraint architecture. As an example Modelica implementation of the joint classes family is investigated. Finally these classes are applied to construct the snakeboard dynamic model.


A linear connection on a differentiable manifold M defines a horizontal distribution on the tangent bundle T(M). Horizontal distributions on tangent bundles are of some interest even when they are not generated by connections. Much of linear connection theory generalizes to arbitrary horizontal distributions. In particular, there are generalized versions of Bianchi's two identities for the torsion T and curvature R where C denotes the cyclic sum with respect to X, Y and Z. These identities are derived below by associating with a horizontal distribution a graded derivation of degree 1 in a graded Lie algebra of vertical forms on M. This approach reveals the fundamentally algebraic origin of the Bianchi identities.


BACKGROUND
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent important causes of morbidity and mortality. Our study aimed to evaluate cardiovascular risk using the EUROSCORE, ECG and carotid ultrasound for prevention purpose in a 50-70 years population and companions asymptomatic and without CVD.

METHODS
History of CVD, risk factors (RFs), ECG and carotid ultrasound were evaluated. Intima-media thickness (IMT) was defined as wall thickness > 0.9 mm, while focal thickening ≥ 1.5 mm protruding into the lumen as asymptomatic carotid plaque (ACP).

RESULTS
Totally, 1860 subjects were screened. 393 (21.1%) had no RFs, 780 (42%) hypertension, 571 (30.7%) hypercholesterolemia, 557 (29.9%) diabetes, 474 (25.5%) smoking, 648 (34.8%) overweight, 300 (16.1%) obesity and 184 (9.9%) metabolic syndrome. Carotid atherosclerosis was detected in 903 (48.5%) subjects, 821 (44.1%) had IMT and 547 (29.4%) ACP, and was significantly related to diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Atrial fibrillation was found in 29 subjects (1.6%) and Brugada pattern in one. Using EUROSCORE, 220 subjects resulted at low (11.8%), 1338 at moderate (71.9%), 292 at high (15.7%) and 10 at very-high risk (0.5%). Adding ACP, the percentages were: low 159 (8,54%), moderate 1020 (54,83%), high 663 (35,64%) and very-high risk 18 (0,96%).

CONCLUSIONS
A total of 302 (16.2%) subjects were at least at high risk for CV events according to the EUROSCORE, increasing to 681 (36,61% - p < 0.001) adding ACP. The combination of EUROSCORE with ECG may help to stratify CV risk in primary prevention. Carotid ultrasound furtherly increases the power of stratification of asymptomatic patients suitable for pharmacological treatment.


Globalization is often described as a process that increasingly encompasses world regions, countries, products, services, and people. Blouet (2001 p.7), for example, states that ''[g]lobalization removes obstructions to movement and creates conditions in which international trade in goods and services can expand.'' This process of increased movement of goods and services has grown steadily, aided by technological advances. While much of the world's economic activities move toward free trade and globalization, at the same time there are local areas that remain to a significant extent autonomous and vibrant. The relationship between the local and the global has received much attention in recent years in social sciences and the humanities (Kearney 1995). Local activities intermingle with the global influences; local and global are not distinct and separately analyzable (Porter 2000). This essay centers on locally-focused aspects of the economy, culture, and society, and the people behind them, drawing on the case study of the Eastern Caribbean island nation of Dominica. Primary products, and those that are involved in and benefit from their production, weave into the complexity of the globalized world while at the same time continuing to be locally sustainable. We use marine and forest resources as examples to show how people on this remote Eastern Caribbean island continue to utilize and manage these resources sustainably and how these local producers complement the globalized trade flows and supply chains for these resources. Dominica illustrates how local actors continue to have a sizable role in generating employment and satisfying daily needs, despite the growing outside pressures toward a globalized Western lifestyle. By documenting the continued vibrancy of certain natural resource sectors in an island economy that is otherwise increasingly permeated by imports, this essay furthers our understanding of the status of the local amidst the global.


The 'humanism' appeared on Chinese literature in 1980s tried to find
true self, recovery of human being, and wound healing. Wang Meng,
as well as, sought breaking from the Cultural Revolution and looked
back upon his life. He used a 'stream of consciousness', and tried to 'ego search' and 'wound healing' through writing novels.
He faced up to the reality and wrote them directly to reflect his true
life. From the beginning he was absorbed in memories of his childhood
and his lost youth. The character forgot them because of his hard
times, but he realized the flying years of youth that had hopes and
dreams after his rough times. He, however, got to know that momories
are opportunity to reflect on his lives, that also is, kind of process to
find himself.
Along with ego search, Chinese contemporary literature set great
store by personality, compassion, humanitarianism, the dignity and
value of human, so they started finding 'life story'. It not only
provides turning point of changing life but answers how to live a
meaningful life. Wang Meng also found all sorts of 'life story' in his
novels, tried to heal wound in the period of time. All of them become
hopes and power getting on new world.


The article presents the results of the study of acute and subacute skin toxicity of an antiseptic ointment based on ichthyol. The research was conducted using the classic method and according to the methodology of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD No. 410). The study of the dermal toxicity of the product under study by the classic method showed that long-term use of the drug in animals of the experimental groups did not cause significant changes in the concentration of hemoglobin, the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, the value of hematocrit, the average concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte (MCHC), the average volume of the erythrocyte (MCV), the average content of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte (MCH) and the number of platelets, the content of total protein, the level of creatinine and the activity of AST. The study of skin toxicity of the product under study according to the OECD method No. 410 showed that the number of erythrocytes increased in the animals of the I, II, and III research groups, respectively, by – 10.7 (Р < 0.01), 6.0 (Р < 0.05), and 7.5 % (Р < 0.05). At the same time, the concentration of hemoglobin did not change. In addition, in the animals of the I and II experimental groups, a tendency towards an increase in hematocrit was established. In the animals of the I, II, and III experimental groups, changes in the erythrocyte index were noted; in particular, a probable decrease in the average content of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte (MCH) was established, respectively by – 5.2 (P < 0.05), 5.2 (P < 0.01) and 7.1 % (P < 0.001) of the average erythrocyte volume (MCV), respectively by – 6.9 (P < 0.01), 5.5 % (P < 0.01) and 7.2 % (P < 0.001). The use of the drug in a therapeutic dose caused a slight decrease in the level of total protein, urea, and creatinine against a slight increase in the activity of AST and ALT. At the same time, the animals of the II and III research groups, which received the drug under investigation at five times and ten times the therapeutic dose, noted an increase in the level of urea, respectively, by – 3.3 and 8.5 %, and creatinine, respectively, by – 1.9 and 8.0 % (P < 0.05), the activity of AST, respectively, by – 2.3 and 3.2 %, and ALT, respectively, by – 10.4 (P < 0.05) and 13.4 % (Р < 0.05) compared to the values of animals of the control group.


A GPSSMS AND THE FITC APPROXIMATION In this section we formalize and prove a remark on the properties of variational approximations for GPSSMs that have been used in the literature so far. More precisely, we show that the ELBO of Ialongo et al. [2019] remains unchanged when the FITC approximation [Snelson and Ghahramani, 2005], p(FT | FM ) ≈ ∏T−1 t=0 p(ft | FM ) is used in both the prior and the approximate posterior. This remark is a direct extension of the equivalent remark of Frigola et al. [2014] about the same property of their model, which can be found in their appendix. Before we begin, we first reiterate some previous results: The ELBO of the VCDT method from Ialongo et al. [2019] is given as


Microvascular angina( MVA) is referred to angina like chest pain which is supported by evidence of myocardial ischemia or microcirculation abnormalities in the absence of any cardiac or systemic disease in patients who have normal coronary angiograms. The pathogenesis of MVA is still unclear. Various factors are considered to be involved,including coronary microvascular dysfunction,cardiac autonomic nervous system imbalance,estrogen deficiency,coronary slow flow phenomenon and vasospasm. The advances in the pathogenesis of MVA will be discussed following.


The Complicated Nature of Stormwater with Respect to Treatment Potential Hydrologic Factors Affecting Treatment Selection and Effectiveness Environmental Factors Affecting Treatment Selection and Effectiveness Physicochemical Aspects of Stormwater Affecting Treatment Selection and Effectiveness Physical, Chemical, and Biological Unit Operations and Processes for Stormwater Sedimentation and Settling Filtration Adsorption Precipitation Ion Exchange Disinfection Biological Processes Historical Development of Controls or Best Management Practices Introduction to Best Management Practices Development of BMPs in the United States Development of BMPs in Europe, Japan, and Australia Effectiveness of Single Unit Operation In Situ Control BMP Settling Basins Dry Detention Basins Design Guidance and Construction Considerations Operation and Maintenance Considerations Hazardous Waste Disposal Cost and Design Life Wet Retention Ponds Design Guidance and Construction Considerations Operation and Maintenance Considerations Hazardous Waste Disposal Cost and Design Life Filtration Systems Vegetated Swales Design and Site Considerations Operation and Maintenance Residuals Management Cost and Design Life 6


During the 1990s, Combustion Tec has introduced oxy-fuel burner designs that provide cylindrical- and fan-shaped flames. This article reviews design considerations associated with different burner types


A new type of voltage-sensitive dye is proposed based on the electric-field dependence of electron transfer. These dyes contain an electron donor-acceptor pair in which intramolecular electron transfer competes with fluorescence emission, converting changes in electric field to those in fluorescence intensity. With electron-transfer distance of nanometers, theoretical analysis shows that these dyes can have high sensitivity to neuron action potentials with high fluorescence quantum yield, allowing for fast optical neuroimaging with large signal-to-noise ratio.


This article aims at Beijing Traffic Enforcement Corps off-site law enforcement issues. This paper proposes a novel detection method for taxi license plate block. First of all, selecting the taxi from the social vehicle; Secondly, Adaptive Boosting (Adaboost) algorithm will be used to train the license plate to locate the license plate of the taxi; eventually the adaptive threshold method will be used to judge the license plate blockage and take the evidence. The existing research on the license plate is mainly on the license plate recognition, but this article is based on the license plate recognition, and then to achieve the license plate block detection and evidence collection, for traffic law enforcement officers to punish the illegal taxi. The experimental results show that the proposed detection method of license plate block is effective.


Analysis of fluvial systems and its paleodrainage provide
crucial data for the reconstruction of ancient landscapes and
paleogeography. The fluvial transport is quite important in the
determination of the asymmetry of the foreland basin geometry.
Fluvial deposits in the distal, cratonic margin of the
peripheral foreland basin could often allow the study of
paleovalleys preserved along the basal unconformity. The
deposits of St.Marein-Freischling Formation (Oligocene – Early
Miocene), which cover the crystalline basement of the Bohemian
Massif in the area of northwestern Lower Austria, can provide a
typical example of such a situation. Studied sandy and gravelly
fluvial deposits of the St.Marein-Freischling Formation are
reflecting a braiding fluvial style. Eleven lithofacies and
four facies associations/architectural elements (gravelly
channel dunes and bars, channels, sandy channel dunes and
abandoned channels) were recognised. A relatively shallow
network of streams with flashflood character can be documented.
Ephemeral braided streams or at least fluctuations in the
discharge are supposed. The episodic character of transport,
erosion and deposition could reflect changes in climatic
conditions. Provenance study (pebble petrography, heavy
minerals), evaluation of pebble size, shape and roundness, and
paleocurrent data suggest two parts of the fluvial system. For
the first and main part of the fluvial system a general
transport from west to east can be supposed, which finally was
diverted towards the south. Transverse tributaries both from
north and south were connected to the west-east drained part of
the paleovalley. As source deeply weathered crystalline rocks
of the South Bohemian Batholith and the Moldanubian zone
(Eisgarn granite, Rastenberg granodiorite, Wolfshof syenitic
gneiss, Gfohl gneiss, granulites, marbles, eclogites,
amphibolites) are supposed. However, local sources strongly
influenced the provenance spectra. In a second, probably
separate fluvial system in the southeast a general transport
from northeast to southwest is evident, where Moravian
metamorphic rocks, magmatic rocks of the Thaya Batholith, and
probably reworked Mesozoic sediments are the main sources. For
the position and orientation of the paleovalley the tectonic
influence of the north-ward thrusting Eastern Alps is
discussed, causing a back- bulge depression along the passive
margin of the foreland basin. These west-east trending
paleovalley was tilted to the east, where north-south trending
paleovalley was developed along the fault separating different
units of the crystalline basement. The tectonic activity within
the Eastern Alps is supposed to be responsible for the
reactivation of this tectonic contact between the Moldanubian
zone and the Moravian zone. Tectonics was the principal ruling
factor of the formation of a paleovalleys and paleodrainage
system in that position.


The present invention is a body portion made of a metal structure; Is connected to the two sides at the top of the body portion can be rotated through a first hinge in the longitudinal direction, the backing portion of the recliner is possibly rotated around the first hinge; Is connected to the two sides at the front of the body portion can be rotated through a second hinge in the transverse direction, the seat plate portion for spar possibly rotated around the second hinge; A link unit for connection with each other by connecting the lower parts of the back panel and the rear seat plate portion; Scaffolding unit, and through the third hinge rotatably connected to the seat plate at the front portion, the spar can be rotated around the said third hinge; A motor-driven armchair comprising a; and a drive unit comprising a second drive cylinder with a built-in motor for rotating parts of the seat plate and having a first drive cylinder built-in motor for backing portion reclining through the link and the footrest parts of the lifting to provide. According to the present invention and is thereby attenuated to those using the resulting armchair by limiting the user's body center of vertical movement of the position conversion process, the biomechanical load finally comfortable and reliable user seating position, the reclining driver as a result, it is possible to reduce the size can achieve compactness and light weight of the device, thereby obtaining an excellent advantage of being able to cheaply build the device.


Abstract : Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and its product sphingosine 1-phosphate have been shown to promote cell growth and inhibit apoptosis of tumor cells (reviewed in 1) . SphK1 has been shown to be responsible for radioresistance of certain prostate cancer cells 2. To better understand SphK1 regulation, we undertook a two-hybrid screen for SphK1-interacting proteins. In the first report period, we focused on one of these interactors, aminoacylase 1. This work will not be discussed as it has been accepted for publication (appendix A) . In this report period we studied a second interacting protein, filamin A. We show that SphK1 physically interacts with both the fragment of filamin found in the two-hybrid screen and full length. Though both C-terminal and full length proteins reduce SphK1 activity measured in vitro, the C-terminal fragment inhibits while the full length potentiates the effects of SphK1 on TNF-alpha signaling and motility. We further demonstrate that filamin is required for ligand-induced motility as well as activation of SphK1. Moreover, siRNA against SphK1 suggests the SphK1-filamin interaction is required for motility, indicating possible anti-metastasis drug targets.


The Diseases Of The Kidney Are Fascinating Which Can Have Varied Of
Clinical Presentations, With No Two Patients Being Alike.
In Our Country, Renal Diseases Form An Important Cause For Morbidity And
Mortality. Nephrotic Syndrome Is An Important And Common Clinical Presentation.
The Causes Of Nephrotic Syndrome Are Numerous, Which Can Be Either Primary Or
Secondary. Once The Secondary Forms Of Nephrotic Syndrome Are Excluded By
Appropriate Clinical And Laboratory Data, There Remains A Group Of Patient With
Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome Who Can Be Precisely Differentiated Only By Renal
Biopsy. In Children With Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome, Empirical Steroid Therapy
Is The Initial Treatment Of Choice. However In Children Who Fail To Respond To A
Course Of Steroids, Renal Biopsy May Be Indicated, To Provide A Specific Diagnosis.
The Primary Role Of Renal Biopsy Is To Provide A Definite Diagnosis That
Allows The Clinician To Assign Lesion – Specific Therapy.
There Has Been Tremendous Growth In The Field Of Immunology, Especially
Pertaining To Nephrology, Which Is Useful In The Clinical Diagnosis Of The Condition,
Helpful To Prognosticate And Predict Therapeutic Response.
The Present Study Has Been Taken–Up With An Earnest Attempt To Find Out
The Common Histopathological Patterns Of Renal Diseases Which Clinically Present
With Features Of Nephrotic Syndrome


Background Phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) and phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B) play a critical role in the regulation of intracellular level of adenosine 3´,5´-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP, cAMP) and guanosine 3´,5´-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP, cGMP). Subsequently PDE3 inhibitors have shown to relax vascular and inhibit platelet aggregation in cardiovascular disease. Objectives In this study, our aim was to establish a method of expression for the recombinant human PDE3A and PDE3B proteins in insect cells using baculovirus expression system in order to investigate the activity of the expressed PDE3A and PDE3B proteins. Materials and Methods The full length human PDE3A and PDE3B cDNA were cloned into recombinant baculovirus and transfected into the SF9 insect cells. Recombinant proteins were collected at 48 h, 60 h, 72 h, and 84 h post transfection. Transfection of recombinant baculovirus was verified by the morphological changes of the SF9 cells. Expression of human PDE3A and PDE3B was detected by using RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. The 125I RIA method was used to determine the level of adenosine 3´,5´-cyclic monophosphate cAMP and cGMP, correspondingly. The activity of the expressed PDE3A and PDE3B proteins were investigated by cAMP and cGMP dsgradation with or without addition of milrinone, a potent and selective PDE inhibitor. Results Recombinant human PDE3A and PDE3B proteins were stably expressed in SF9 cells and could be detected by distinct morphological changes in the SF9 cells, RT-PCR, and western blot at 48 h post-transfection. The molecular weights of the recombinant PDE3A and PDE3B molecular weights proteins were about 120 KDa and 135 KDa, respectively. Results of 125I RIA assay showed that the levels of cAMP and cGMP were significantly decreased after incubation with the expressed PDE3A and PDE3B proteins. Furthermore, degradation of cAMP and cGMP through the activity of PDE3A and PDE3B was suppressed following to the addition of milrinone. Conclusions Recombinant human PDE3A and PDE3B could be expressed in SF9 cells using baculovirus expression system, and thus provides the basic material for studying human PDE3A and PDE3B activity.


Biological hierarchies: reductive attempts from physiology through macroecology. Since the XVII century, the notion of 'hierarchy' has been relevant in conceptualizing life by different authors. In the last century, the levels within hierarchical structures have been correlated to different subdisciplines in biology. We analyze in their epistemological and ontological dimensions the relationship between different branches in ecology (population ecology, community ecology and ecosystem ecology) and macroecology. We argue that, in the last two decades, there has been an epistemological and ontological reductive attempt from these subdisciplines towards macroecology. Our conclusion is that this reduction does not seem to be strictly focused to macroecology and their corresponding biological entities, but rather to theories and entities coming from physiology. Key words: Ecology, community ecology, physiology, hierarchies, macroecology, organizational levels.


The problem of studying the dendroflora of cities is relevant when conducting modern ecological andbotanical research. The article presents the results of an inventory of native dendroflora of the city of Khabarovsk. Anannotated list of 116 species from 27 families was compiled, which exceeds the corresponding figures for the dendrofloraof Vladivostok and Birobidzhan. At the same time, the dendroflora of Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Blagoveshchensk,Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky is much richer in terms of plant composition. Taxonomic, general, and biomorphologicalanalyzes of the flora have been carried out. The leading botanic families have been identified: Rosaceae, Salicaceae,Betulaceae, Caprifoliaceae. Large species are: Salix, Acer, Betula, Lonicera, Ulmus, Picea, Populus, Ribes, Spiraea, Rosa,Euonymus. Among woody plants, East Asian species predominate, which corresponds to the position of the city ofKhabarovsk within the Manchurian region of the East Asian floristic region. The nemoral group is the richest in species,which is typical for broad-leaved and coniferous-broad-leaved forests of the temperate zone. Analysis of life forms andrhythms of annual development show the predominance of summer-green shrubs, evergreen and summer-green trees inthe flora of the city. There is a small number of lianas, dwarf shrubs. Dwarf forms in the dendroflora of the city are rare,they are found on the territory of the Far Eastern Forestry Research Institute's Arboretum. There is rare and protectedspices in the flora of the city – Taxus cuspidata.


We use agency theory to model equity division in venture capital financing with three complementary value‐creation factors—the entrepreneur's effort, the venture capitalist's advising/monitoring service, and the investment amount. While considering that investors often base their funding decisions on gut feeling, even as they employ rational decision‐making processes, we derive closed‐form expressions for optimal ownership sharing. Our findings provide theoretical explanation to support the recent call for practitioners to allocate ownership equity based on the relative potential contributions of the entrepreneur and the venture capitalist to generate value for the new investment prospect.


Correlating genome-wide expression profiles with sequence searches of promoter regions is being used as a technique to identify putative binding sites for trans-acting factors or to refine consensus sequences of those already known. To evaluate the limitations of such an approach in our studies of GATA-mediated transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we identified the relative contributions made to DALI and DAL4 expression by each of five Gln3p-, and/or Gatlp-, and three Da182pbinding site homologous sequences situated in the 829 bp intergenic region separating these highly related, divergently transcribed genes. Our data suggest that although correlations of repeated sequences or sequence homologies appearing within promoter regions with expression profiles obtained from genome-wide transcription analyses provide useful starting points for analyses of cis-acting sites, significant limitations and possibilities for misinterpretation also abound.


The property of silicon nitride ceramics are intriduced in this paper.Of all silicin nityide ceramics, the silicon nitride ceramics with aligned growed grains could overcome the brittleness traditional silicon nitride ceram- ics,which are realized by adding the second phase and in situ reinforcement,and which are prepared by using processing technics,such as tape casting and hot pressue sintering.They exhibit special mechanical and thermal properties. Meanwhile,the processing methods making the silicon nitride ceramics are presented and the progress at home and a- broad is investigated.


A new text-independent speaker identification (SI) system is proposed. This system utilizes the line spectral frequencies (LSFs) as alternative feature set for capturing the speaker characteristics ...


The preceding paper (Steinolfson, this issue) describes three ambient coronal models suitable for the study of time-dependent phenomena: (1) a static corona with a dipole magnetic field, (2) a steady polytropic corona with an equatorial coronal streamer, and (3) a heated corona with an equatorial coronal streamer. We now consider the propagation of coronal mass ejections initiated in each atmosphere by an identical energy source. A localized thermal energy input at the base of closed field regions produces mass ejections that are simulated by numerical integration of the MHD equations. We show that the computed ejection in the first atmosphere listed above does not adequately represent the general characteristics of observed looplike mass ejections. The simulated ejection in a polytropic corona with a streamer does simulate some of the observed features. It is only when a heating term is added to the initial atmosphere with a streamer that all of these are reproduced. A detailed comparison between a computed mass ejection and a representative observation demonstrates that the simulation can also duplicate some of the quantitative properties (e.g., brightness level) of individual looplike ejections.


In this paper, the challenge of harmonic injection mitigation becomes critical with the massive use of
inverters in electrical distribution systems that has been discussed and analyzed. Currently, between the
inverter and the grid, L, LC or LCL filters is often used to mitigate the current harmonic. Further, filter
connection in both delta-to-star or star-to-delta transformer for state space model of LC filter couplings
with impedance is obtained in this paper and it also talked about the different passive damping techniques
that been used to suppress the resonance effect on the filter. The effect of series and parallel damping
resistor techniques that impact filtering and stability are also been analyzed and discussed. At the end,
the simulation results show that LCL filter with parallel damping resistor achieves best performance
compared on those for L, LC, or LCL with series damping resistor while at the same time enhancing
the smoothness of the signal output while at the same time reducing the percentage of total harmonic
distortion between inverter-grid connection.


In the present study, amorphous form of cefuroxime axetil was prepared and characterized by various methods. The result showed that the amorphous form of cefuroxime axetil with hydrophilic carriers was successfully obtained by freeze drying. The amorphous form showed a substantially higher dissolution rate and saturation solubility than cefuroxime axetil and physical mixture. The molecular behaviour of the drug in all samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The dissolution and saturation solubility studies of the samples were performed. The X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry provided useful information to support the amorphousness of the samples.


This document discusses potential future extensions on the current
work plan of recently approved WG MultiMob (Multicast Mobility).
MultiMob charter explicitly states that scope of work will be limited
to mobility protocols Proxy Mobile IPv6, and multicast group
management in terms of IGMPv3/MLDv2 protocols. Furthermore only
listener mobility will be dealt with and any modification to these
existing protocols and to multicast routing protocols are out of
scope. From an operational point of view, however, though such a
basic solution is essential, there challenges with efficient resource
utilization and user perceived service quality still persist. As these
issues may prevent large scale deployments of mobile multicast
applications this document attempts to identify topics for future
extension of work for WG MultiMob such as o modifying base PMIPv6 and
MLD/IGMP for optimal multicast support o extending to and modifying
of MIPv4/v6 and DSMIP o sender (source) mobility o consideration of
Handover optimization o multiple flows o multi-hop transmission o
any other different issues Intention of this document is to start and
prepare for discussion on potential re-chartering after scheduled
work. Introduction Recently chartered WG MultiMob focusses on
documentation of proper configuaration and usage of existing
(specified standard) protocols within both mobility and multicast
related areas to enable and support mobility for multicast services
and vice versa. Although the final recommendation is not yet available
it is expected that such a solution following either the employed
remote subscription aproach or a traditional bidirectional tunneling
will not be resource efficient nor grant the service quality expected
by the end user. Such a solution would resolve the problem to ensure
multicast reception in PMIPv6-enabled [1] networks without appropriate
multicast support. However it would neither automatically minimize
multicast forwarding delay to provide seamless and fast han ...


The present invention has been to provide a program and increase the speed of erase operations and a non-volatile memory device which can improve the hold (retention) properties and a method of manufacturing a nonvolatile memory device of the present invention, charge stored in the charge storage film blocking of preventing the moving film comprising: a charge storage film first blocking film and the film is a second blocking on the first blocking film in contact with the first blocking film 2 is an energy band gap larger than the blocking layer a second blocking film is first blocking film greater than the permittivity. Forming a structure such as the present invention, a blocking layer (blocking layer) as a dielectric film / oxide film, dielectric film / oxide nitride film, aluminum oxide film / dielectric film / oxide film, aluminum oxide film / dielectric film / oxide nitride film as described above Thereby, there is a program, the effect to improve the erasing speed and the data holding characteristic of the nonvolatile memory device. Non-volatile memory device, the charge trap type, floating-gate, a charge storage film, the blocking film, the energy band gap


The dependence of the superconducting properties of BaPt4Ge12 upon substitution of platinum by gold is investigated. Full-potential electronic structure calculations suggest that the electronic density of states and the critical temperature of superconductivity Tc increases with gold content. This is confirmed by experiments. Single phase samples of BaPt4−xAuxGe12 with x 1 are synthesized. The structural properties, magnetization, specific heat, and electrical resistivity in magnetic fields are probed. As predicted, Tc increases significantly from 5.0 K x=0 to 7.0 K x=1 .


Praxis intervention is a methodological innovation. It believes in developing new paradigms of creative expression. These paradigms are such that challenges the unexplored era of mindsets, which form the voice of the mass and at times become a means of objective discrimination. The term has emerged to counter such mind sets and evolve with innovative means in achieving democratized development processes. It believes that any development process should bring security in society and security redefined as ecological sustainability, social equity and economic efficiency. This method takes participatory Action Research a step further and works on the 'participants' (i.e., everyone involved in the study, including initiators, funders etc.) to reflexively work on their respective 'mentalities', in other words, develop a self-critical awareness (not just enacting change on the external world).This is based on Marx's notion of 'false consciousness' and is thought to be a possible way out of such a state. If false consciousness does not know or ignoring the ideological control that capitalism keeps in place, praxis intervention can wake us up and shake us in to consciousness.


The invention discloses a compact type band elimination filter which is composed of a cover plate and a base seat. The compact type band elimination filter has the advantages of being simple to machine, convenient to adjust, far in spurious stopband, and compact in structure. The compact type band elimination filter is expected to be widely applied in electronic systems with various microwave regions, and particularly in military and civil fields like radar, missile guidance and communication.


Scattering center models of canonical structures such as flat plates and dihedral play an important role in automatic target recognition. Based on the far-field radiation integral formula, the analytic bistatic 3D parametric scattering center model of the spatial separate plates is derived in detail. Taking the plate spacing variable into account, the geometrical optics(GO) method and the physical optics(PO) method are combined to analyze the influence of different angles of incidence and target size on the illuminated area. The total scattering solutions of spatial separate plates composed of first- and second-order scattering are presented in the form of horizontal and vertical polarization. Compared with the SBR algorithm of electromagnetic calculation software CST, the modeling results greatly improve the computational efficiency while maintaining the precision of the simulated echo, which verifies the validity of the proposed model.


Fault-tolerant distributed applications require mechanisms to recover data lost via a process failure. On modern cluster systems it is typically impractical to request replacement resources after such a failure. Therefore, applications have to continue working with the remaining resources. This requires redistributing the workload and that the non-failed processes reload data. We present an algorithmic framework and its C++ library implementation ReStore for MPI programs that enables recovery of data after process failures. By storing all required data in memory via an appropriate data distribution and replication, recovery is substantially faster than with standard checkpointing schemes that rely on a parallel file system. As the application developer can specify which data to load, we also support shrinking recovery instead of recovery using spare compute nodes. We evaluate ReStore in both controlled, isolated environments and real applications. Our experiments show loading times of lost input data in the range of milliseconds on up to 24 576 processors and a substantial speedup of the recovery time for the fault-tolerant version of a widely used bioinformatics application.


Supercomputing applications usually involve the repeated parallel application of discretized differential operators. Difficulties arise with higher-order discretizations of operators on parallel computers because their communications can overlap processors in complex ways. Their correct and efficient implementation requires careful choreography of computation and communication, taking into account the symmetries of the problem and of the computer's communication network. This paper shows how these symmetries can be used to automate the construction of the code for optimized operator computation. This is done with considerable generality by making the symmetries both of the problem and the computer explicit using the language of finitely presented reection (Coxeter) groups, and using coset enumeration to generate and optimize the required code.


The invention relates to a transport bag (10.4) for the hanging transportation of a transport goods by means of a transport device (23') extending in a transport direction (26), the transport bag (10.4) having a rear wall (11) oriented in a transverse direction to the transport direction (26) and a front wall (12) oriented in a transverse direction to the transport direction (26), which are moveably connected to one another at an upper bag end and a lower bag end in such a way that the front wall (12) can move relative to the rear wall (11) between a filling position in which same is at a first distance to the rear wall (11), and an empty position in which same is at a second distance to the rear wall, which second distance is smaller than the first distance, and which transport bag (10.4)can be connected in a hanging manner to the transport device (23') by means of a connection means (13') attached at the top on the rear wall (11). An improvement in the filling and emptying processesis achieved in that, in the region of the lower bag end, the rear wall (11) has laterally arranged first guide elements (17a, 17b) for guiding the transport bag (10.4).


BACKGROUND
 Patients taking warfarin need to spend substantial time, money, and energy frequently visiting the hospital in order to adjust its dose. With the development of mobile medicine and the increasing number of mobile-phone users, these patients can conveniently adjust their warfarin dose remotely.

 OBJECTIVE
 The aim of this article is (a) to describe the design process and implementation of a smartphone application that can provide anticoagulation management services remotely, and (b) to evaluate its usability.

 METHODS
 After repeated discussions, professional anticoagulant clinical pharmacists, doctors in relevant departments, and software engineers determined the target population and main functions of the health application called Alfalfa, and gradually improved its functions by adding new functional modules based on user feedback. The usability of Alfalfa was evaluated by the System Usability Scale (SUS).

 RESULTS
 The mobile-phone application Alfalfa, based on the official WeChat account platform, was designed and developed. Alfalfa can provide remote management of warfarin. In addition, Alfalfa also has functions to remind patients to take their medication, popularize knowledge of warfarin, and connect with the anticoagulant community. The average SUS score was 78.0 out of a possible score of 100.

 CONCLUSIONS
 Alfalfa can be used to remotely adjust the dose of warfarin. Its usability scores show that it is acceptable to users, and its learnability has room for further improvement.

 CLINICALTRIAL
 ChiCTR1900021920


This article offers a metaphorical image of U. S. municipalities as public relations (PR) and marketing firms. Cities are practicing many of the same promotional and image-generation techniques as private-sector PR firms use with a desire for the same ends—increased consumption of goods and services, which in this case come from cities and not from private-sector businesses. The image presented here is based on six tactics that public organizations use to sell themselves to diverse audience bases. The tactics include branding, media relations, in-house publications (three prevalent tactics), use of outside organizations and volunteers as PR tools, public art, and built environment via sustainability (three uncommon tactics). The article asserts that image generation in a city acting as a PR and marketing firm is a consequence of the market models of governance, bringing postmodern public administration critiques to fruition.


"THE CHALLENGES OF AN ENTREPRENEUR" "Entrepreneurial Decision Making" The configuration of decision-making processes constitutes a great challenge for both businessmen and managers. The processes of change that started in the mid 1990s and which underwent fundamental changes in the first decade of the new century, especially in 2005, have radically modified both the management orientation and the economic and social logic that informs economic calculations in decision making. The need for a stakeholder orientation, long-term recovery and the primacy of economics over financial engineering, as well as new configurations of business governance configure increasingly complex management processes. Today's director demands another way of understanding the growing role played by businesses in the economy in order to reap success in his or her business challenges, challenges that are increasingly to do with the very nature of the business itself.


There is still paucity of information on the species composition of woody species along the Thamalakane River, northern Botswana, which may limit efforts aimed at conserving riparian woodland species. The current study was aimed at classifying the vegetation, and determining the species composition and diversity of the riparian woodland plant communities along the Thamalakane River. It was hypothesized that there will be no different woodland communities along the Thamalakane River. The 71 sampling plots measured 1000m2 (20m × 50m). In each plot,the percentage cover for each species was estimated following the Braun-Blanquet scale. Different woodland communities were determined through Hierarchical Cluster Analysis followed by Indicator Species Analysis. Multi-Response Permutation Procedures (MRPPs) were used to determine whether or not there was a significant separation between the groups. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to statistically compare the diversity between woodland communities. Five major woodland communities were identified along the Thamalakane River, namely Vachellia tortilis-Gardenia volkensii, Combretum imberbe-Gymnosporia senegalensis, Philenoptera violacea-Garcinia livingstonei, Dichrostachys cinerea-Flueggea virosa and Croton megalobotrys-Colophospermum mopane. There was significant (p <0.05) separation between the plant groups. Species diversity was highest in Dichrostachys cinerea-Flueggea virosa community and lowest in Vachellia tortilis-Gardenia volkensii community. The distribution of woodland species in along Thamalakane river could be influenced by human disturbance, which may override abiotic environmental conditions such as flooding in influencing the composition and distribution of plant species. This calls for proper management initiatives of the riparian vegetation in the study area. Such initiatives may include establishment of exclosures to promote the germination and propagation of the woodland species. Other strategies may include education and awareness creation of the local communities to promote their co-existence with the riparian vegetation.


2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives were synthesized via a one-pot, three component reaction of isatoic anhydride and an aromatic aldehyde with ammonium acetate or primary amine catalyzed by silica-bonded S-sulfonic acid in ethanol at 80°C. The reaction work-up is simple and the catalyst is easily separated from the products by filtration. The heterogeneous catalyst was recycled for ten runs upon the condensation reaction of isatoic anhydride and 4-chlorobenzaldehyde with ammonium acetate without losing its catalytic activity.


A simple and efficient method to link reversibly DNA to SWNTs via electrostatic interaction is reported. The DNA/nanotube hybrids are characterised by a combination of gel electrophoresis and AFM.


A hybrid OPEN model, which consists of equivalent circuit model and behavior transmission line (TL) model, is proposed to accurately extract device characteristics. The proposed method requires only one OPEN dummy structure so the silicon occupation area is efficiently reduced. The other benefit is it avoids the errors, which is occurred while performing the classical de-embedding procedure. A Ka-band CPW filter is fabricated in 130 nm RF CMOS technique to prove this method is efficient up to 67 GHz.


The liquid membrane transport process is an emerging new technology where specific material species are transported selectively and rapidly across a liquid membrane. Supported liquid membranes (SLMs) can be used in metal ion separations, gas transfer, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) removal, solvent extraction, biotechnology and reverse osmosis (RO)/ultrafiltration (UF). Although SLMs were invented in the early 1970s, the bulk of experimental studies involving SLMs for metal removal have been carried out in the last 10 years. Some of these experimental studies included work that surveyed the liquid membrane applications in general, including those for metal ion removal; discussed the theoretical and experimental aspects of general, facilitated transport systems; reviewed the work being carried out at Argonne National Laboratory on separation of metal species by SLMs and also the development of /simple equations to describe the metal ions transport by SLMs; and presented the basic principles involved in applying SLM transport processes for recovery and separation of metals from aqueous solutions that include passive and active transport, aqueous and membrane diffusion and chemical reactions. This article will describe the economic feasibility for using an SLM for recovery of nickel and chromium from plating rise waters and compare the economics with alternatemore » technologies.« less


A method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of the contents of galic acid, Catechin, (-)- epicatechin, Caffeic acid, pyrocatechol, Chlorogenic acid, flavone and Felinic acid in wines by high performance liquid chroma- tography- photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD)with solid phase extraction (SPE). The techniques of SPE including the activation of the SPE column, elimination of interference and elution conditions of samples were confirmed. The analytes were separated by using a Hypersil Cl8 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, i.d. 5μm) and acetonitrile-0.3%HAc as mobile phase with linear gradient elution. The eight compounds were identified by retention time data and spectral characteristics and quantified by peak area. There were good linear correlations between the concentrations and peak areas of the eight components with the correlation coefficients of 0.9982~0.9999. The average recoveries were 83.9 %~103.7 % with relative standard deviations of 1.6 %~4.6 % (n=5). The detection limits were 0.2~1.5 mg/L. The method of SPE-HPLC-PAD eliminated a great deal of interferences in wines effectively by optimizing extraction conditions.The eight biological activity were well separated and the analytical results were improved well and truly. The results for determining 7 market wines showed that as an important bioactive substance. the phenolic compounds content has close relationships with brewing methods, varieties of grape and producing areas.The results also showed that it is a convenient, rapid, sensitive and accurate method. It can be used to analyze these biological activity in other complex matrices.


In process industry,safety instrumented system(SIS)plays a critical role in graranteeing safety in production and reducing risks, but it is strenuous and random in selecting safety integrity level(SIL),which is used to measure the reliability of SIS.The concept,principle and current methods of assigning SIL in IEC61508 are illustrated separately.An approach to assigning SIL is put forward based on computer aided assessment.An effective tool of assigning SIL is presented by using technology of software development and database.Compared with manual analysis,using the sofware,which is constructed by components,is more efficient and normalized.


Aortic stenosis (AS) is one of the most common and severe valvular heart diseases, which can cause heart failure. Early detection and treatment are the most effective ways to prevent AS. This study proposes a stationary wavelet transform (SWT) based machine learning framework to detect AS using seismocardiogram (SCG) signal. First, the SCG signal is preprocessed and segmented into cardiac cycles. Then, SWT is deployed to decompose each cardiac cycle into subbands. Further, each subband is used to extract the novel statistical features, which include log-energy entropy, relative wavelet energy, multi-scale kurtosis, and median absolute deviation. Finally, these features are fed into the random forest classifier for automated detection of AS. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated using data from two publicly available databases. Our method achieves an overall accuracy of 99.4%, sensitivity of 98.9%, and specificity of 99.9%. The proposed method provides comparable performance with the current state-of-the-art techniques. The impressive results of the proposed framework make it useful to detect AS in primary healthcare units.


The chapter explores the way English-language etiquette books from the nineteenth century prescribe accepted behavior for upwardly mobile members of the bourgeoisie. This advice extended to social events known today as "salons" that were conducted in the domestic drawing room or parlor, where guests would perform musical selections for the enjoyment of other guests. The audience for such informal music making was expected to listen attentively, in keeping with the (self-) disciplining of the bourgeois body that such regulations represented in the nineteenth century. Yet even as the modern world became noisier and aurally more confusing, so, too, did contemporary social events, which led authors to become stricter in their disciplining of the audience at these drawing room performances. Nevertheless, hosts and guests could not avoid the growing "crisis of attention" pervading this mode of entertainment, which would lead to the modern habit of inattentive listening.


Background: Neonatal sepsis increases systemic inflammation, which may lead to multiple organ failure and death. Glutamine has been suggested to have beneficial effects during neonatal sepsis, but its effects on systemic inflammation and systemic metabolism are unknown. Methods: Suckling rat pups were given intraperitoneal endotoxin alone (E) or with glutamine (EG). Controls were administered saline (C) alone or with glutamine (CG). Sepsis score and rectal temperature were monitored. Oxygen consumption (V02, ml/kg/h) was measured by indirect calorimetry. Animals were sacrificed exsanguinated and plasma separated. Liver was resected and hepatocytes and liver mitochondria were isolated for in vitro experiments. Oxygen consumption and glutathione levels in hepatocytes and hepatocyte mitochondria were measured. Plasma glutamine and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a, pg/ml) were measured. Results: Endotoxic (E) rats had lower V02 than C rats from 90 minutes post injection to 210 minutes (V02 150-210 minutes: C 671+/-45 E 429+A36, p<0.0004 n=8). V02 was higher (p<0.05) in EG rats than E rats (E 460+/-29 EG 654+/-68 n=10). EG rats were significantly less hypothermic between 90-210 minutes (58/132 measurements) compared with E (95/147 p=0.0007). Sepsis score was significantly lower in the EG group than the E group (E 4.9+/-0.3 EG 3.6+/-0.3 n=40 p<0.01). Endotoxaemia caused a rapid significant decrease in plasma glutamine concentration at 2h (C vs. E p<0.001), which was prevented by intraperitoneal glutamine (EG p<0.05 vs. E). TNF-a levels were greatly increased by endotoxaemia and this increase was partly prevented by glutamine (At 6h C 32+/-27, E 799+/-193, EG 219+/-75, E vs. C p<0.001, vs. EG p<0.01). In isolated hepatocytes there was reduced oxygen consumption in endotoxin (E) group but increased oxygen consumption in endotoxin glutamine (EG) group. There was shown to be no statistical difference between all groups in the hepatocyte isolated mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Glutathione levels in the liver were reduced in both E and EG groups compared to controls. Glutathione in liver mitochondria showed an increase in the groups treated with glutamine at 4 hours post injection. Conclusions: Neonatal endotoxaemia lowers V02, heat production, and body temperature. Glutamine restores V02 of endotoxic animals. Glutamine additionally increases rectal temperature and improves clinical signs of endotoxic rats. Glutamine administration prevents the endotoxin-induced fall in plasma glutamine levels, and reduces the concentration of both pro- and anti inflammatory cytokines, supporting its use as a potential therapeutic agent in neonatal sepsis.


1 | Introduction Supply chain is a network of processes which its ultimate goal is to provide the goods and services needed by customers and includes suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, wholesalers, retailers and reverse logistics that work together in a coordinated and cooperative way to satisfy the customers. The purpose of supply chain management is to plan, execute and control supply chain operations in the most optimal way possible. Existence of goals, challenges and individual planning of components, their interactions with each other and with other environmental variables such as government, international trade, technology environment, natural environment (natural disasters), etc. impose risks on a supply chain. Identifying, determining the importance and evaluating the consequences of potential risks and ultimately adopting strategies to prevent, deal with or reduce them, is the ultimate goal of risk management in the supply chain. The source of risk in the supply chain of an organization can result from inside or outside, the


Abstract In the work reported here, we have considered the interaction between modified holographic Ricci dark energy, a particular choice of Nojiri–Odintsov cut-offs, and pressureless dark matter for three different choices of scale factor, namely logamediate, intermediate, and emergent. Two different interaction terms have been considered. In one case, the interaction has been taken proportional to the dark energy density; in the other case, it has been taken proportional to the matter density. In the case of Q=3Hδρx, we have observed that there is a crossing of phantom boundary and the equation of state parameter has been observed to behave like quintessence. The influence of various parameters in the scale factors has also been observed. Also, an exit from phantom phase has been observed for the choice of scale factor in the emergent form. Considering the interaction term Q to be proportional to the matter density for logamediate scale factor, wx has been found to behave like quintessence, i.e. >−1. For the emergent scale factor in this interaction scenario, the model has been found to lead to a wx parameter lying in the region ≤−1. Therefore, in general, it has been found that Q=3Hδρx is more suitable than Q=3Hδρm in creating a model having a wx parameter crossing the phantom boundary.