gunbower creek runs into the murray river just above its junction with the loddon. signed in the image with monogram l.l. no print for this image. wood engraving published in the illustrated melbourne post.


Based on that last report, March, April, and May pork production is expected to be down about one to two percent. Summer pork production is expected to be unchanged from year-ago levels and fall production is expected to rise by two percent. These numbers would indicate that domestic pork production would be unchanged for the year, while USDA analysts suggest that production will rise by two percent.


Hsu et al. show that depletion of GAS41 or disruption of the interaction between its YEATS domain and acetylated histones impairs the association of histone variant H2A.Z with chromatin and consequently suppresses cancer cell growth and survival.


Infrared (IR) and/or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) carbon-13 data are presented for mono-substituted benzenes, acetophenones, benzaldehydes, benzophenones, benzoic acids, methyl and ethyl benzoates, and acetanilides. Correlations are developed between Taft σR• values for 3-x and 4-x atoms or groups versus δ13C-4 or vs. the out-of-plane hydrogen deformation modes I and II for mono-substituted benzenes. Correlations are also developed between Hammett σ values vs. δl3CN for 3-x- and 4-x-benzonitriles. Correlations are also developed between Hammett σ values or Taft σR• values for x atom or group vs. δ13C-1 or vC = O for certain members of the above classes of compounds. Correlations are also noted between δ13C-1 and vC = O in certain classes of C = O-containing compounds.


Marion A.M. den Boer, Jimmy F.P. Berbée, Peter Reiss, Marc van der Valk, Peter J. Voshol, Acids in Adipose Tissue Mediated Lipolysis and Decreases Uptake of Fatty − Ritonavir Impairs Lipoprotein Lipase Print ISSN: 1079-5642. Online ISSN: 1524-4636 Copyright © 2005 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000194073.87647.1


Objective To observe the effects of lanthanum chloride (La3 + ) on the osteogenesis of tissue-engineering bone implanted into the autologous bony defects in dog jaws. Methods Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) from femoral bone marrow of 9 dogs were separated by density gradient centrifugation, cultured in vitro and induced to be osteoblast. The third generation BMSCs were interfered with La3+ of 5.564 μg / ml and combined with the pig freeze-dried demineralize bone matrix (fdDBM), incubated in vitro for 7 days and then grafted into the autologous bony defects (2 cm × 1 cm × 0.8 cm) of dog jaws. BMSCs-fdDBM, unseeded fdDBM and empty defects served as control groups. At 3 and 6 monthes after operation,the dogs were sacrificed and the implanted site of the jaws were harvested. The specimens were processed for morphological observation and radiographic bone-density analysis. The data was analyzed by SAS 6.12 software for ANOVA. Results New osteoid structure could be observed through histological exam of all the specimen of all groups. The density values of new bone in theimplanting area treated with La3+ was higher but there was no obvious statistic significance as compared with that of the control groups. 6 monthes later, the density values of new bone in BMSCs-fdDBM group and fdDBM group had no obvious difference (P 0.05) but were significantly higher than that of empty control groups (P 0.05). Conclusion La3 + at the concentation of 5.564 μg / ml has no obvious negative effect on osteogenesis of tissue engineering bone.


Alexander Croke (1758-1842), later Sir Alexander Croke, arrived in Nova Scotia in the latter part of 1801. He came out to the Province from England to take up his appointment as Judge of the Vice-Admiralty Prize Court at Halifax. Shortly after his arrival, he was also appointed a member of H.M. Council and assigned a position next in rank to that of the Chief Justice, S.S. Blowers. In effect, his rank made him one of the most influential men in the government of the Province, and for the next fourteen years, until he returned t:o England in 1815, he was intimately involved in the political, religious, and social life of Nova Scotia.


One of the health issues in the world today remaining to be a trending topic is about HIV/AIDS. The incidence number of HIV/AIDS is increasing every year, including that is experienced by housewives. Meanwhile the housewives had rights of be free from sexually transmitted diseases, especially HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this study was to know the form of legal protection and the role of the government in fulfilling the housewives' rights agaisnt the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission.
This study used a socio-legal approach and descriptive-analytical specification. The data gathered were both primary and secondary and the primary ones were gathered through interviews. The interviewees or informants consisted of 5 housewives suffering from positive HIV/AIDS and it was also done to 5 housewifes who were negative but their husbands were positively suffering from HIV/AIDS. Meanwhile, the resource persons were from the Semarang City Health Office, the AIDS Prevention Commission, and the "Peduli Kasih" Foundation. The secondary data were obtained from literature studies having relations with the housewives' rights of being free from sexually transmitted diseases. The data were then qualitatively analyzed.
The housewives' rights of being free from sexually transmitted diseases had been regulated in several regulations but the implementation had not been evenly distributed throughout the city of Semarang. The factors that caused an increase in the number of housewives getting HIV/AIDS were socio-cultural and economic vulnerabilities, lack of knowledge and information about HIV/AIDS, lack of awareness of the risky infected couples to check themselves to hospitals, dicrimination treatment against HIV/AIDS sufferers and lack of health facilities. The role of the family was very influential for the housewives suffering from HIV/AIDS to survive. The supports that could be given to the housewives were emotional, appreciation, material, information, and socializing supports.
Keywords: legal protection, housewives's rights, HIV/AIDS


I The Ear.- Section I Background to disease of the ear.- Section II History and physical examination of the ear.- Section III The presentation of disease of the ear and the diagnostic possibilities.- Section IV Description of specific diseases of the ear.- Section V Principles of general management and treatment of the ear.- Test-yourself questions.- 2 The Nose.- Section I Background to disease of the nose.- Section II History and physical examination of the nose.- Section III The presentation of disease of the nose and the diagnostic possibilities.- Section IV Description of specific diseases of the nose.- Section V Principles of general management and treatment of the nose.- Test-yourself questions.- 3 The Pharynx.- Section I Background to disease of the pharynx.- Section II History and physical examination of the pharynx.- Section III The presentation of pharyngeal problems and the diagnostic possibilities.- Section IV Description of specific diseases of the pharynx.- Section V Principles of general management and treatment of the pharynx.- Test-yourself questions.- 4 The Larynx.- Section I Background to disease of the larynx.- Section II History and physical examination of the larynx.- Section III The presentation of disease of the larynx and the diagnostic possibilities.- Section IV Description of specific diseases of the larynx.- Section V Principles of general management and treatment of the larynx.- Test-yourself questions.- 5 The Oral Cavity.- Section I Background to oral disease.- Section II History and physical examination of the oral cavity.- Section III The presentation of oral disease and the diagnostic possibilities.- Section IV Description of specific diseases of the oral cavity.- Section V Principles of general management and treatment of the oral cavity.- Test-yourself questions.- 6 The Salivary Glands.- Section I Background to salivary gland disease.- Section II History and physical examination of the salivary glands.- Section III Presentation of salivary gland disease and the diagnostic possibilities.- Section IV Description of specific diseases of the salivary glands.- Section V Principles of general management and treatment of the salivary glands.- Test-yourself questions.- 7 The Neck.- Section I Background to disease of the neck.- Section II History and physical examination of the neck.- Section III The presentation of lumps in the neck and the diagnostic possibilities.- Section IV Description of specific diseases of the neck.- Section V Principles of general management and treatment of the neck.- Test-yourself questions.- 8 Trauma.- Section I Background to trauma of the face and neck.- Section II History and physical examination of trauma of the face and neck.- Section III Presentation of trauma of the face and neck and the diagnostic possibilities.- Section IV Description of specific trauma of the face and neck.- Section V Principles of general management and treatment of trauma of the face and neck.- Test-yourself questions.- Answers to test-yourself questions.- Colour pictures.- X-rays.


Purpose: To report a rare case of eyelid lipoma. Case summary: A 41-year-old female presented with a palpable mass in her left upper eyelid. Diffuse hard mass was palpable at preaponeurotic fat layer of left upper eyelid, and there was no inflammatory sign. Under local anesthesia, a left upper eyelid mass partial excision was performed and a biopsy specimen was collected. The mass was yellower and harder than surrounding normal eyelid fat. A lipoma was diagnosed based on histopathological findings such as proliferation of mature adipocytes. Conclusions: Lipoma is a benign tumor commonly found around trunk and limbs, but rarely occurs at eyelid. Eyelid lipoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis of diffuse mass at eyelid fat layer. Diagnosis and treatment can be achieved by partial excision and histopathological examination.


We analyse nite element approximations of a stationary convection-diiusion problem. We prove global and localised a posteriori error estimates in the maximum norm. For the discretisation we use the Streamline Diiusion method.


Abstract Communication is fundamental to patient-centered care. However, sensory impairment limits communication among older adults. Specifically, hearing impairment strains communication via degraded auditory encoding while vision impairment distresses ability to read and interpret visual cues. The presence of dual sensory impairment, defined as concurrent hearing and vision impairment, may exacerbate these effects. The potential consequence s of age-related sensory loss on health care interactions and outcomes are beginning to surface in epidemiologic studies demonstrating poorer patient-provider communication, higher medical expenditures, increased risk of 30-day readmission, and longer length of stay when compared to individuals without sensory loss. Importantly, these associations may be amenable to intervention via sensory aids; however, uptake to sensory care is low. Notably, less than 20% of persons with hearing impairment have hearing aids and over 55% of Medicare Beneficiaries with reported vision problems have not had an eye examination in the prior year. Affordability and access may contribute to lack of sensory care uptake as Medicare explicitly excludes coverage of vision and hearing services. In this symposium, we will review current and new evidence for whether sensory loss affects health care outcomes, including satisfaction with care, incident delirium during hospitalization, navigation of Medicare, and present data on how persons with sensory loss are more likely to delay their care independent of cost and insurance factors suggesting fundamental changes in health care system interaction. We will place these results within the context of current national quality care and policy initiatives and review methods to address sensory loss.


The present invention discloses three-dimensional ultrasound image based on the statistical method and system for sequence reconstruction. The method comprises: according to the given imaging parameters, constructs a three-dimensional ultrasound image of the original region of interest; traversal sequence for each frame two-dimensional ultrasound images, a threshold value calculated from the contribution of each pixel; arbitrary two-dimensional ultrasound image sequence is a reference image, calculates all the other frame image with respect to the rotation matrix of the reference image and the translation vector; traversing constructed three-dimensional ultrasound original image, according to the rotation matrix and translation vector, the contribution of the threshold value by the distance pixel in the search range to determine the optimal interpolation range, depending on the distance weight factor for three-dimensional ultrasound image voxel assignment, and refresh from the right voxel weighting factors; traversing the three-dimensional ultrasound image, weighting factor calculated voxel value of vacant voxels by an interpolation method based on the search range and distance weight. The present invention enables fast and accurate three-dimensional volume reconstruction of ultrasound image data, provide theoretical guidance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of lesions.


the status of their race. While internal divisions were frequent and at times bitter, the evidence reveals that Northern blacks tended to be extremely concerned about the conditions of their fellow African Americans. This concern led to mutual aid societies and philan-thropic household arrangements in Northern communities and to an often intense involvement in abolition efforts, from formal anti-slavery organiza-tions, both black and interracial, to the underground railroad. antebellum North. Its deft analysis and critical themes make it a valuable resource. It is an ideal book to use in an undergraduate class to convey the essential role and diverse experience of African Americans in American history and culture.


Lifetime risk for Alzheimer's disease is higher among women than men, and reproductive health factors may contribute to differential risk. Reproductive health and cognitive aging among Hispanic women/Latinas is understudied, so we examined such relationships in the Hispanic Community Healthy Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and the SOL‐Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL‐INCA).


This paper examines the factors that affect the collateralizing of a loan specifically for SMEs in Lebanon that is a country with a small open emerging-market economy. Collateral should guarantee the bank loan but in practice it is adjusted according to other socio-economic criteria of companies. This is particularly true for SME's and even more so for emerging countries. We propose in this article to illustrate the signals mobilized by banks when providing collateralized loans. Data on these variables have been derived from the Lebanese Central Band and the World Bank. It contains observations for two samples – 532 firms for 2020 and 561 firms for 2014. Three sets of factors influence the level of collateral required: those related to firm characteristics (relevant variables: age, size, auditing financial statements, developing the qualification of workforce, export orientation, the sector of manufacturing, located in capital city, female manager, export orientation), to loan characteristics (no relevant variable), and to credit market specifics (interest rate). Regression estimates suggest the age and size of a firm contributed to more collateral required in 2019. Smaller collateral is required by firms with bigger size, auditing financial statements, developing the qualification of workforce, export orientation, belonging to the sector of manufacturing, located in capital city in 2013. Female manager, export orientation, and location in capital city contribute to smaller collateral required in 2019. Loan value does not seem to tighten collateral requirements. In opposite perspective, the increases in the interest rate entail stricter collateralizing the loans.


Syntheses of polymers using 1, 2-diphenoxyethane (1) as the starting naterial are descrided. (1) was prepared in an excellent yield by the condensation of phenol with ethylene bromide in the prsence of NaOH using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) -H2O medium1, 2-Diphenoxyethane-p, p'-diethylene oxide (4) was obtained by the attack of sulfonium-ylide on p, p'-diformyl-1, 2-diphenoxyethane (3), which was prepared by the condensation of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde with ethylene bromide.p, p'-Dichloromethyl-1, 2-diphenoxyethane (2), obtained by the dichloromethylation of (1) with formaldehyde and HCl, was converted to bisphenol (5), and (5) was converted further to polyester (6) and diglycidyl ether (7).(2) was treated with triphenylphosphine to give quaternary phosphonium salt (10), which was reacted with (3) as an example of Wittig reaction.Furthermore, polyether (8) or polysulfide (9) was synthesized by the condensation of (2) with phenolphthalein or Na2S p, p'-Dicyanomethy1-1, 2-diphenoxyethane (12), derived from (2), was treated with formaldehyde to give dimethylol compound (14) and a cross-linked polymer (15).Polyester (13) was also obtained by the reaction of (12) with 1, 6-hexanediol.Lastly, (12) was condensed with (2) in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide in tert-butyl alcohol to give a polymer (16) which has no solvent.


The ore deposits are veins with pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite as principal primary sulfides, and quartz gangue. Ore shoots are lenticular. Host rocks are Precambrian metasediments, intensely folded, faulted, and intruded by syntectonic granites and mafic rocks (now amphibolite) and by post-tectonic mafic dikes. Ore is localized primarily in fractures along shear zones trending subparallel to the main faults of the district, and to a lesser extent by intersection zones, joints, folds, and breccia zones.


Nitrogen(N) cycle has been poorly characterized in urban ecosystems. In China, urbanization is an important process that alters urban ecosystem and urban nitrogen biogeochemical cycle. Human activities have more than doubled the nitrogen inputs to urbanized areas, and the sources, magnitude, spatiotemporal patterns,and drivers of N fluxes have been mediated by human activities. The imbalance of nitrogen cycle has far exceeded the safe limits of urban sustainable development in some urban areas in China. The urbanized areas are facing a series of environmental problems induced by excessive emission and deposition of reactive nitrogen. Urban smog is becoming very serious in a large number of Chinese cities. However, owing to the limited knowledge on the role of humans in the N biogeochemical cycle and the complexity and uncertainty of urban ecosystems, ecological research of nitrogen emission, deposition, transformation, removal, and retention in urban areas is relatively weak. Thus, comprehensively quantifying changes of nitrogen cycle in urbanized areas and understanding the effects of human activities, such as urbanization and economic development, on the variations of reactive nitrogen fluxes, have been a crucial topic in urban ecological research. This article reviews the state-of-the-art research in this field on the basis of comparison and analysis of Chinese and international studies. The problems exist in current research were summarized and future areas of research aiming at a much improved understanding of the scope of the anthropogenic N problem are discussed. With serious nitrogen pollution and environmental effects in urban areas, it is essential to carry out a long-term study of nitrogen flux and nitrogen budget to investigate the problem of nitrogen imbalance. It is necessary to think beyond the control of pollutant emissions and approach the issue and solution from an urban planning perspective and conduct comprehensive studies to understand the variation of nitrogen input and output trends and driving mechanisms.


A vacuum air exhaust freshness retaining milk bottle comprises a bottle body and a bottle cover, an air exhaust valve cavity is manufactured in the bottle cover, a ventilation hole is formed in the bottom of the air exhaust valve cavity, an air exhaust valve is installed in the air exhaust valve cavity and is configured with a manual air exhaust pump or a vacuum pump to exhaust air in the milk bottle, the air exhaust valve comprises a valve, a valve core and a sealing ring, a fixing ring is arranged in the air exhaust valve cavity, the upper part of the sealing ring is installed outside a connecting column of the valve body, the lower part of the sealing ring is installed outside the fixing ring, a valve hole is formed in the valve body, and the valve core is arranged on the valve hole.


The scavenger receptor CD36 plays a central role in lipid metabolism by promoting macrophage cholesterol efflux with the potential to reduce atherosclerotic lesions. However, the effect of CD36 on de novo cholesterol synthesis is not known. Here, we describe the cellular mechanism by which CD36 activation induces cholesterol depletion in HepG2 cells. Using the CD36 ligand hexarelin, we found a rapid phosphorylation of HMG‐CoA reductase Ser‐872 in treated cells, resulting in inactivation of the rate‐limiting enzyme in sterol synthesis. Degradation of HMG‐CoA reductase by the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway was also enhanced by hexarelin, through an increased recruitment of the anchor proteins insulin‐induced gene (Insig)‐1 and Insig‐2. Genes encoding key enzymes involved in cholesterol synthesis and under the control of transcription factor sterol regulatory element‐binding protein (SREBP)‐2 remained unresponsive to sterol depletion, due to retention of the SREBP‐2 escort protein Scap by Insig‐1/2. Insig1 and Insig2 gene expression was also increased through activation of nuclear receptor peroxisome‐proliferator activating receptor γ (PPARγ) by CD36, which lifted the inhibitory effect of PPARγ1 Ser‐84 phosphorylation. Recruitment of co‐activator peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor‐γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) to activated AMPKα was also promoted, resulting in PGC‐1α transcriptional activation through Sirt1‐mediated deacetylation, increased recruitment of PPARγ, and up‐regulation of Insig‐1/2, revealing a regulatory role of CD36 on PGC‐1α signaling. Our data identify CD36 as a novel regulator of HMG‐CoA reductase function and Insig‐1/2 expression, 2 critical steps regulating cholesterol synthesis in hepatocytes.—Rodrigue‐Way, A., Caron, V., Bilodeau, S., Keil, S., Hassan, M., Lévy, E., Mitchell, G. A., Tremblay, A. Scavenger receptor CD36 mediates inhibition of cholesterol synthesis via activation of the PPARγ/PGC‐1α pathway and Insig1/2 expression in hepatocytes. FASEB J. 28, 1910–1923 (2014). www.fasebj.org


Objective To detect apoptosis-related proteins abnormally expressed in osteosarcoma.Methods We extracted proteins in osteosarcoma tissue and adjacent tissue,and used the Human Apoptosis Array select apoptosis protein of abnormal expression.Image J 1.42,a image processing software was used to calculate gray value of each hole for statistical analysis.Results Bcl-2、cIAP-2、Clusterin、HSP27、Survivin were expressed in osteosarcoma tissue and adjacent tissue.Gray value of osteosarcoma tissue was greater than adjacent tissue(P0.05).Conclusion Bcl-2、 cIAP-2、Clusterin、HSP27、Survivin expression increases in osteosarcoma tissue,and they may be involved in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma.


Researching of dynamics process of breathing is presented. There are three branches of the researching. It's solid 3D model, virtual 3D model, and sensor device. Method and device for diagnostics of the respiratory diseases are designed according to the results of the modeling. The innovation of this device is that sensors are placed directly into nasal cavity without using tubes and masks. The method of diagnostic is based on the idea of studying the breathing as a dynamic process. Key-Words: study of breathing, respiratory diseases, virtual model, solid model, sensor device, nonlinear dynamics, NARMAX


This paper establishes a river pollution information system by using 1998 and 1999's data of river water qality of Guangdong in a unit of city by GIS. , and provides a quantitative relationship between water quality and social and economic index,and analyses their spatial relationship .The results show that river pollution has a close relationship with industry productive value per person, agriculture productive value per area and the number of people per km2 from the statistic relationship and spatial distributon . This paper points out the range and distribution of population density,industry productive value and agriculture productive value of the river pollution area in Guangdong Province,makes a new attempt to analyse river pollution,its affecting factorsand of trend.


Here, silver indium sulfide (AgInS2)/gallium selenide core/shell quantum dots (QDs) were developed to exhibit red band-edge emission. Previously, we developed AgInS2/gallium sulfide core/shell QDs, which exhibited yellow band-edge photoluminescence (PL). Upon the gallium selenide shell growth, the PL spectra redshifted by more than 100 nm owing to an indirect transition between the core and shell (called the type-II characteristic). After the posttreatment with HCl, the PL wavelength was further redshifted by the formation of Ag–In–S–Se alloyed cores with a narrow bandgap, and the PL intensity increased because of the formation of a quasi-type-II band alignment. In addition, the PL wavelength could be tuned between deep-red and yellow by varying the S/(S + Se) ratio in the Ga–S–Se ternary shells. Based on the long lifetime of the QDs with the alloyed shells, it was suggested that the electronic structure of these alloyed shell QDs is the full type II.


Water immersion insertion is able to reduce discomfort and need for sedation during colonoscopy. A cap attached to the colonoscope tip may improve insertion during air insufflation colonoscopy. According to several reports, both techniques alone may result in higher detection of neoplastic lesions. Our study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of cap‐assisted water immersion compared to water immersion colonoscopy in minimally sedated patients.


This phenomenological study explored the lived experience of nursing faculty who received caring from nursing students. Seven faculty members participated. Interviews were analyzed using a phenomenological methodology by Colaizzi (1978). Methodological rigor was achieved adhering to trustworthiness criteria of Lincoln and Guba (1985). Three patterns emerged: Opening the Door, Stepping Through, and Keeping the Door Open. The pattern of Opening the Door incorporated the themes of Being in a Caring Group and Self-Disclosing. Stepping Through encompassed themes of Acknowledging Me as a Person and Giving. The themes Respecting, Sharing, Supporting, and Connecting were included in the pattern Keeping the Door Open. Findings related to the theory of nursing as caring (Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2001) and offered insight into relationships between nursing educators and nursing students and increased understanding of the reciprocal nature of caring.


Three aspects on nanocantilevers are presented in this letter. First, we present the fabrication process of 2 μm long freestanding chromium cantilevers with width 150 nm, and thickness 50 nm. Second, a measurement scheme using an atomic force microscope operating in contact mode was employed to study the mechanical properties along the length of the cantilevers. Third, we have investigated extremely large deflections on these nanoscale cantilevers demonstrating their high ductility. The spring constants calculated from the experimental data are smaller than expected from classical mechanics calculations, but show good agreement with previously reported calculations for largely deflected beams.


In the diploma work the square Diophantine equations are presented, attached to Pythagoras' Theorem and are tightly linked to Pell's equation , where D represents a natural number which is not a perfect square. The Cattle Problem is discussed, which can be translated into Pell's equation . To Pell's equation are leading also the square triangular numbers.


Based on traditional contract net protocol,the self-study negotiation framework of collaborative commerce chain was described.Refering to response threshold model in multi-agents,the self-study negotiation model based on trust and the maneuverability steps to perform the model was investigated.In the process of negotiation,the trust degree of bidders was corrected in real time according to the situation of their accomplish tasks.On the basis of the dynamic trust degree,the manager can informing and selecting the suitable bidders directly and availably.The negotiation time and cost were reduced,and the benefits of all collaborative enterprises were protected.Finally,an experiment was introduced to illustrate the previous model.The results show that the model can ease up the bottleneck of management processor and communication congestion produced in negotiation efficaciously.And it has the obvious advantages in solving the negotiation problems under the condition of multi-bidders and fluctuant tasks.


Magnetostratigraphy provides unparalleled chronologic precision for long terrestrial sedimentary records. The Siwaliks of the Potwar Plateau, northern Pakistan, present perhaps the best example of a sequence of well dated faunal horizons spanning most of the Neogene in a single terrestrial biogeographic province. Temporal control on fossil localities tied to multiple paleomagnetic sections is ca. 0.1 m.y., less given special conditions of short magnetozone duration or superpositional relationships. New correlations are presented for two long sections in the lower Siwaliks showing the power and the limitations of mag-netostratigraphic correlation within the Siwalik depositional setting. Correlation of Potwar fossil localities to those of an East African section, also dated paleomagnetically, are established with fossil localities from those two biogeographic provinces shown to be coeval on a scale of $$10^{5}$$ yr. The composite biostratigraphy rendered by the thick, well exposed, well dated Potwar Siwaliks enables definition of sequential bio-chronologic units without gaps. Utility of the biochronology lies in correlating isolated deposits to the Potwar composite; for studies within the Potwar, locality relationships and the biostratigraphy itself are the operational units. The history of the Siwalik fauna shows turnover episodes, but they differ in intensity, diversity of groups affected, and coincidence of first and last occurrences, probably reflecting different causes. Studies on the evolution of lineages are rendered more powerful by magnetostratigraphy: temporal control tests patterns of speciation, yields confident estimates on true temporal ranges of fossil taxa, and shows that rodent species longevities exceeded 2 m.y. on average.


This study examined anxiety in new graduate teaching assistants, the coping strategies they plan to use to deal with their anxiety, and the relationships of coping strategy plans with their anxieties. Study results indicated a negative relationship between TA communication apprehension and the likelihood to use visualization, and the likelihood to seek help from mentors. TA state anxiety and likelihood of using systematic desensitization were negatively correlated as well. Positive correlations were found between TA teaching anxiety and likelihood to spend time preparing material and preparing delivery.


In this paper, the percolation behavior, the critical exponent of conductivity, and the electrical conduction mechanism of polyethylene matrix composites are discussed based on studying the whole change of the resistivity and dielectric constant for carbon black loading. There are two transitions of resistivity for carbon black loading. Below the first transition, resistivity shows an ohmic behavior, and its value is almost the same as that of polyethylene. Between the first and second transitions, the change in resistivity is very sharp, leading to a large critical exponent of conductivity, and a non-ohmic electric field dependence of current has been observed. This electric field dependence has been discussed with a tunneling conduction. Beyond the second transition, the electric field dependence of current shows an ohmic behavior and a gentle change in resistivity has been observed for carbon black loading. The critical exponent of conductivity estimated by using the second transition is satisfied with the universal law of conductivity. The dielectric constant has been observed beyond the first transition and diverges around the second transition. It was concluded that the percolation threshold should be the second transition of resistivity for the polyethylene matrix composites loaded carbon black.


Herein, we report the synthesis of novel poly(amido amine) [PAMAM]-based dendrons with external amine and disulfide functional groups and an alkoxysilane moiety as the focal point. Four generations (G1-G4) of dendrons were obtained by combining Michael addition and amidation reactions using (3aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane as the starting core; disulfide bridges and amine groups were introduced in the last step by ester amidation with cystamine and ethylendiamine. The resulting dendrons were characterized by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Raman, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Zpotential techniques. The growth of the dendrons was monitored by analysing the X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) high resolution spectra of the Si 2p, N 1s, C 1s, O 1s and S 2p signals for each dendron generation. The results evidence that it is possible to record, with good confidence, the compositional and structural changes that occur during the preparative route by means of XPS technique.


A series of bis(aryl) bismuth compounds containing (N,C,N)-pincer ligands, [2,6-(Me(2)NCH(2))(2)C(6)H(3)](-) (Ar'), have been synthesized and structurally characterized to compare the coordination chemistry of Bi(3+) with similarly sized lanthanide ions, Ln(3+). Treatment of Ar'(2)BiCl, 1, with ClMg(CH(2)CH═CH(2)) affords the allyl complex Ar'(2)Bi(η(1)-CH(2)CH═CH(2)), 2, in which only one allyl carbon atom coordinates to bismuth. Complex 1 reacts with KO(t)Bu and KOC(6)H(3)Me(2)-2,6 to yield the alkoxide Ar'(2)Bi(O(t)Bu), 3, and aryloxide Ar'(2)Bi(OC(6)H(3)Me(2)-2,6), 4, respectively, but the analogous reaction with the larger KOC(6)H(3)(t)Bu(2)-2,6 forms [Ar'(2)Bi][OC(6)H(3)(t)Bu(2)-2,6], 6, in which the aryloxide ligand acts as an outer sphere anion. Chloride is removed from 1 by NaBPh(4) to form [Ar'(2)Bi][BPh(4)], 5, which crystallizes from THF in an unsolvated form with tetraphenylborate as an outer sphere counteranion.


in water, to each constituent 4 h before testing. In prick testing with these oxidized constituents, a strongly positive reaction (+++, wheal diameter: 9x8 mm) was observed with PTD diluted at 1/128 at 20 min. If an antioxidant, sodium sulfite, 0.1 % in water, was added to the mixture of PTD and H2O2, diluted at 1/128, a much weaker reaction (wheal diameter: 3x3 mm) was observed in prick testing. Ten healthy controls tested with the oxidized PTD had negative priek tests.


Nonverbal expressions (gestures, mimic, body movement) are reviewed in the article. Body language is a perfect means of accentuating the statement but it should be used very carefully, because the same gestures may mean absolutely different things in various cultures. Do not forget about the subtlety of body language when practicing your language skills.


The gravitational self-force acting on a particle orbiting a massive central body has thus far been computed for vacuum spacetimes involving a black hole. In this work we continue an ongoing effort to study the self-force in nonvacuum situations. We replace the black hole by a material body consisting of a perfect fluid, and determine the impact of the fluid's dynamics on the self-force and resulting orbital evolution. We show that as the particle inspirals toward the fluid body, its gravitational perturbations trigger a number of quasinormal modes of the fluid–gravity system, which produce resonant features in the conservative and dissipative components of the self-force. As a proof-of-principle, we demonstrate this phenomenon in a simplified framework in which gravity is mediated by a scalar potential satisfying a wave equation in Minkowski spacetime.


A study was carried out to examine the changes in soil chemical properties and crop yields in a area of Asma village of Valsad district (Gujarat). The result showed that the mean values of soil pH and EC were increased with time. Although, average values of organic carbon, available P and available K were decreased year by year. Also difference between maximum and minimum values of soil pH, EC, organic carbon, available P and available K become larger with time due to greatly different in fertilizer application between farmers. Though the yields of crops were increased with cultivation of hybrid varieties but the changes in soil nutrient status have shown there might be need to improve soil management with application of organic and biofertilisers to sustain the fertility of the soil.


Summary form only given. The asymptotic performance of the modified Lawrence algorithm, a universal binary variable-to-fixed-length source coding algorithm has been investigated. For M (the segment set cardinality) large enough, it has been shown that the rate R(p) as a function of the source parameter p satisfies R(p) ≤ h(p)(1 + (log log M)/(2 log M)) for 0 < p < 1, where h(p) is the binary entropy function. It has also been proved that there exist no codes that have a better asymptotic performance, thereby establishing the asymptotic optimality of the modified Lawrence code. The asymptotic bounds show that universal variable-to-fixed-length codes can have a significantly lower redundancy than universal fixed-to-variable-length codes with the same number of code words.


This paper addresses the construction problem of virtual barrier coverage with optimized detection degree, detection quality, and transmission latency for a wireless sensor network (WSN) consisting of many randomly deployed sensor nodes and few sink nodes. The problem is concerned with how to select sensor nodes to reach three optimization goals: (1) maximizing the degree k of barrier coverage, (2) maximizing the minimum probability p of detecting intruders crossing the monitoring region, and (3) minimizing the expected transmission time t to send data to the sink nodes. An algorithm, called Optimal Barrier Coverage Algorithm (OBCA), is proposed to solve the problem on the basis of graph transformation and two well known maximum flow algorithms. The time complexity of OBCA is also analyzed in this paper.


In order to understand the mechanisms of human sclera optical enlightening due to administration of osmolytes in vitro investigations of time-dependent transmittance spectra of bovine sclera were undertaken.


Background: To evaluate the effect between video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (VEIL) and open inguinal lymphadenectomy (OIL) for penile cancer to provide the evidence-based basis for the selection of the clinical therapy schemes.
Methods: The related clinical controlled trial literatures on the effective comparison of VEIL and OIL were retrieved from the databases of CNKI and Wanfang database. The screening was independently performed by reviewer according to the including and excluding criteria. The related data were extracted and the meta-analysis performed by the RevMan 5.3 software.
Results: A total of 9 trials were included. There were 335 cases of inguinal lymphadenectomies, in which 151 cases were VEIL and 184 cases were OIL. The meta-analysis results showed that there were no statistical differences between the two types of operations in terms of the operative time (WMD=28.74, 95% CI-4.12~61.60, P=0.09), but the difference between VEIL and OIL in term of intra-operative blood loss (WMD=-29.24, 95% CI–55.24~- 22.89, P<0.01), postoperative hospital stays (WMD=-3.43, 95%CI–5.07~-1.80, P<0.01), postoperative drainage time (WMD=-3.81, 95%CI–5.38~-2.23, P<0.01), surgical complications (Number of sides OR=0.53, 95% CI0.34~0.81, P<0.01; Number of cases OR=0.36, 95% CI0.24~0.54, P<0.01).
Conclusion: VEIL has approximately the same time of operation to OIL, but has less intra-operative blood loss, hospital stay, postoperative drainage time and surgical complications.


In this paper, the prototype of the tele-ultrasound consultation system has been designed and evaluated over digital subscriber lines including ADSL and VDSL. The Active X control, and software-based MPEG-4 and H.320 CODECs (coder and decoder) allowed low-cost, flexible, Web-based, and real-time implementation for interactive teleconsultation through general Web browser. Specifically, the features of designed system are usability of the MPEG-4 coding of full-resolution ultrasound video, accessibility via Web browser, combined transmission of ultrasound video with video conferencing in real-time, and operability over cheap ADSL, and VDSL lines. The quality of ultrasound images in terms of compression ratio and frame rate were measured using patients' data to evaluate the performance of the designed system over DSL lines, and to demonstrate usability for practical use.


Stability studies are commonly done on large systems. There has been relatively little research dedicated to stability study of small-size power systems. On the other side, such kind of study is paramount for any decision taken leading to further system's expansion. The consideration taken normally includes the transient and steadystate stabilities. Each of those studies requires a thorough analysis. As a part of complete stability analyses, this paper presents the steady-state stability analysis of a small-size power system. The system under consideration supplies an industrial area producing crude oil and natural gas and comprises two islanded power plants. It is well-known that supply to loads from power systems which are not interconnected are prone to discontinuity, therefore the power supply security of the production area must be guaranteed. The study began with modelling each of the plants in the system. Power flow analyses were carried through and system response to the occurrence of a three-phase short-circuit fault was investigated. An improved system configuration was proposed by interconnecting the two islanded power plants. The same three-phase short-circuit fault occurrence was also applied. The design of the new interconnected system and its response to the same type of fault justified the need to integrate the two islanded power systems in a form of interconnected system.


In May 2017, some 1,200 delegates from 110 countries, including 29 visiting heads of state and government leaders, gathered in Beijing for China's biggest diplomatic event, which was held to showca...


The air bottoming cycle (ABC) is a proposed plant configuration in which the steam turbine bottoming cycle in conventional combined power plants is replaced by another gas turbine cycle. Nevertheless, ABC's relatively low efficiency reduces the likelihood of having an ABC power plant in the near future. In this research work, steam injection in the topping cycle combustion chamber and supplementary firing are recommended to improve ABC's performance. Three different configurations of ABC, including simple ABC, ABC with steam injection, and ABC with supplementary firing, are investigated. A thermo-economic analysis is performed to study the effects of the proposed power augmentation approaches thermodynamically and economically. Moreover, optimisation is carried out with the objective of minimising the total cost of the plant for different configurations. Furthermore, a multi-objective optimisation is performed and the results are presented to further understand the trade-off between higher efficiency and lower operating cost.


Through building several multi-symmetric initial shapes in Surface Evolver software, after refining them and doing a long time of evolvement step by step, we obtained some new budding vesicles with small energy whose coefficients are consistent with the theoretical values. Through changing the coefficient and scanning the direction of different shapes, we found a discontinuous phase transition and a reversible continuous phase transition and two new stable shapes. Furthermore, we obtained two kinds of starfish shaped abruption processes which have been supported by experiment.


In Kansas, drilling activity in 1981 reached an all-time high of 6,865 wells, a 30% increase over 1980. Exploration and development drilling of oil reservoirs dominated this activity with oil completions up 42.4% to 3,089, while completions of gas wells were up only 8% to 617 wells. Total footage drilled amounted to 23,618,361 compared with 14,546,356 in 1980. Approximately 22% of total wells were classified as exploratory, 77% were development, and less than 1% were miscellaneous tests. Exploratory drilling continued to spread slowly into the lesser drilled areas of the state while development drilling favored the well-established producing counties. The average depth of an exploratory test was 4,063 ft or 79 ft deeper than last year, while development wells averaged 3,2 0 ft in depth. All wells classified as exploratory had a success rate of 21%, compared to 64% for all development wells. The success rate of all wells drilled was 54%. In Missouri, drilling was up a moderate 13.5% over last year. However, the most startling information was the 200% increase in new-field wildcat completions, which were drilled in 6 counties. Total footage drilled was 133,531 compared with 77,525 in 1980. The average depth of a test was 339 ft. Oil production for the year was 226,206 bbl, up 70%. The success rate among all tests drilled was 42.13%.


A novel capacitive tactile sensor with slip detection capabilities is reported in this paper. The proposed sensor consists of a conductive layer, an insulating layer and a silicone dome structure. This design is easy to construct and can be realized using less expensive components compared to previously reported capacitive tactile sensors. Each sensing unit in the conductive layer consists of four electrodes. Application of external force leads to deformation of silicone layer which leads to change in capacitance of electrodes. This change in capacitance from each electrode to nearby ground surface of the conductive layer is measured to compute the force and detect the slip. The relationship between capacitance and force is modeled using a polynomial function of suitable order which is then used to estimate the force applied. Finite element analysis was used to study the behavior of the proposed sensor. A prototype sensor was fabricated and tested, which was found to detect slip and estimate the force with good accuracy and excellent repeatability. The prototype's characteristics are well in agreement with the simulation results.


The disposition characteristics of biperiden were investigated in rats, rabbits, beagles, and humans, and a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was established by using the hepatic intrinsic clearance of unbound drug concentration and the tissue-to-plasma unbound concentration ratios. Protein-binding parameters and blood-to-plasma concentration ratios were determined, and linear parameters were obtained in beagles and humans over a wide concentration range. The hepatic intrinsic clearance of humans was predicted from the animal data. The coincidence of each tissue-to-plasma unbound concentration ratio between rats and rabbits was confirmed in the steady state, and the mean tissue-to-plasma unbound concentration ratios were used for the prediction of the plasma concentration-time courses of beagles and humans. The predicted lines fitted the observed plasma concentrations of beagles and a patient well after a single intravenous injection and repeated intramuscular administrations, respectively.


In this paper we propose an elementary topological approach which unifies and extends various different results concerning fixed points and periodic points for maps defined on sets homeomorphic to rectangles embedded in euclidean spaces. We also investigate the associated discrete semidynamical systems in view of detecting the presence of chaotic−like dynamics.


The exact solution due to Sommerfeld for the problem of two-dimensional diffraction of a plane wave caused by a perfectly conducting, infinitesimally thick, semi-infinite plane is verified quantitatively in all quadrants for the case when the incident electric field is polarized parallel to the axis of the edge. Measurements were performed under experimental conditions consistent with the theoretical, using microwaves incident on a half-plane having a thickness of 0.059λ. Effects of the finite thickness of the half-plane have also been examined with the use of 0.18λ- and 0.37λ-thick sheets. The diffraction patterns exhibit insubstantial thickness effects in all quadrants. The nature of the thickness independence is discussed from considerations based upon singularities of the surface current density that exist only in the case of parallel polarization. Our measurements together with their attendant analysis provide an explanation of why earlier investigators established qualitative agreement with Sommerfeld's solution, in spite of the fact that their laboratory arrangements demonstrated discrepancies with the stringent experimental configuration imposed by the idealized problem.


Possible applications in the future for extruded HVDC cables include wet designs (i.e. without a lead sheath) which put additional requirements on extruded XLPE materials and their interaction with saltwater and water blocking compounds. XLPE plaques with a single semiconducting layer was prepared and conditioned together with saltwater and/or water blocking compound in a climate chamber at different temperatures and humidity. The conductivity of the samples before and after conditioning was measured to evaluate the influence of saltwater and/or water blocking compounds. Variations in conductivity between the different press plaques are in the same order of magnitude as the influence of saltwater and water blocking compounds. No statistically significant influence on the conductivity was observed. No immediate influence on conductivity was identified in this study upon impregnation of XLPE with saltwater and water blocking compounds. This is promising considering future applications of HVDC cables.


Similar in their very low intracellular abundance, the metabolism of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and vitamin B12 intersect at the sulfur mobility in PPD network where B12 serves as a cofactor, and H2S spews from enzymes with relaxed specificity. While only two mammalian enzymes require B12 for activity, cells maintain a regiment of chaperones to tailor and escort B12 from its point of entry into the cell to its targets. During this inter‐compartmental voyage, B12 is translocated between active sites in transient protein‐protein complexes, which exhibit the artful use of coordination chemistry. Structural enzymology studies on trafficking proteins are providing molecular insights into the cellular strategies for moving this portly organometallic cofactor. While the metabolic activity of gut microbiota represents a limited source of B12, it is a substantial source of H2S and necessitates adaptations by host cells to routine exposure to this respiratory toxin. Our studies are revealing the metabolic reprogramming that is part of the stress response to H2S in colon epithelial cells. Thus, although low in abundance, B12 and H2S have profound impacts on cellular biochemistry.


This paper examines the impact of regional economic integration on the industrial relocation of participating countries with an emphasis on the role of foreign direct investment. Focusing on the integrating countries' asymmetries in technology and market size, this paper demonstrates that preferential trade agreements increase intra-bloc vertical FDI flows when the integrating countries show large differences in factor costs. Moreover, when the technology gap between the integrating countries is relatively large, inter-bloc horizontal FDI tends to inflow to countries with a higher technology level even though factor costs are higher. These results imply that Korea-China FTA might increase inter-bloc horizontal FDI inflows to Korea where Korea has significant technological advantage while intra-bloc vertical FDI inflows to China might expand with the Korean economy coming under heightened pressure to specialize in the headquarter service sectors.


We present the core-L fragment of L and its program logic. We illustrate the adequacy of L as a metalanguage for jointly deening operational semantics and program logics of languages with concurrent and logic features, considering the case of a speciication logic for concurrent objects addressing mobile features like creation of objects and channels in a simple way. Speciications are executable by a translation that assigns to every speciication a model in the form of a core-L program. We also illustrate the usefulness of this framework in reasoning about systems and their components.


During the Accelerated Canopy Chemistry Program (ACCP) study, AVIRIS data were acquired over Blackhawk Island, WI and Harvard Forest, MA to be used to assess the value of imaging spectrometer data in determining canopy chemistry constituents, in particular nitrogen and lignin. An extensive ground sample collection effort was undertaken to provide calibration for the chemical analysis. Correlations between the laboratory chemical analysis of leaves and AVIRIS 224 channel images were derived from a portion of the sample set and the ensuing calibration was used to derive nitrogen and lignin values from AVIRIS. Calibrations were derived from 1992 overflight data by multiple linear regression. However, the same calibrations applied to 1993 overflight data yielded values that were internally consistent but approximately 50% too high for both lignin and nitrogen. Incorrect atmospheric correction is considered the main cause for the discrepancy. Sensitivity tests were applied to the original data by changing multiplicative and additive atmospheric parameters. The main source of error is in the atmospheric water vapor value applied. Empirical-line correction is the most accurate method for spectral image correction.


Rovers are important vehicles of today's solar system exploration. Most of the rover designs have been developed for Mars and Moon surface in order to understand the geological history of the soil and rocks. Several mechanisms have been suggested in recent years for suspensions of rovers on rough terrain. Our design of eight wheeled rocker-bogie suspension system has advantage of linear bogie motion which protects the whole system from getting rollover during high speed operations. This improvement increases the reliability of structure on rough terrain and also enables its higher speed exploration with same obstacle height capacity as diameter of wheel. In this paper we simulate rover to find slip and its deviation from desired path and express the complete process of importing SolidWorks file into MATLAB. We use eight wheeled rocker bogie suspension mechanism for our simulation. For this purpose we made component in SolidWorks. In SolidWorks each and every parts are analyzed and simulated using SimulationXpress. A Simulink diagram is generated by importing SolidWorks assembly file into MATLAB followed by simulation. Keyword - MATLAB, SolidWorks, Rocker Bogie, 1. INTRODUCTION & LITERATURES SURVEY In recent years almost all exploration mission uses rocker bogie mechanisms due to its great obstacle climb capacity. Rover's faces slip problem on uneven terrain. This slip reduces rovers speed and leads to power loss. In loose soil rover deviates from its intended path and


Unlike the majority of PWR designs which utilize a single reactor pressure vessel, CANDU PHWR nuclear units comprise many individual fuel channels. Each fuel channel is equipped with a separate inlet and outlet pipe to supply coolant. Collectively these pipes are referred to as feeder pipes. The feeder pipes have a range of sizes, configurations and orientations, the permutations of which create a wide range of complex geometries. Flow Assisted Corrosion (FAC) has been identified as a degradation mechanism within the feeders. Of particular concern is the area immediately under feeder welds and adjacent the weld cap. Continued degradation has necessitated inspection for the purposes of supporting Fitness For Service evaluation and component Life Cycle Management assessments. A variety of inspection methods were assessed to identify an appropriate solution for the inspection. Conventional inspection techniques were found to be incapable of providing the inspection coverage to the accuracy required by the Inspection Specification. An entirely new inspection approach was devised to address the feeder FAC inspection. The strategy is based upon the Full Matrix Capture data acquisition technique. The defining attribute for this method is that for any given transducer positioned relative to the target, all possible UT data is collected. The system developed at OPG is based on a commercial data acquisition unit and includes a software suite developed in house, and custom dual axis manipulators with associated peripherals. The system was integrated into a package and was successfully deployed at OPG's Pickering NGS Unit 4 campaign in 2011. The inspection achieved the requirements of the Inspection Specification with excellent coverage. Due to increased autonomy, the inspection system achieved substantial dose reduction compared to convention inspection tools.


Introduction: Pregnant women are one of the vulnerable groups against COVID-19. Understanding the affected population characteristics helps to identify risk factors and set more effective treatment goals;in this regard, the present study tries to review demographic characteristics, clinical signs, radiological and laboratory findings in pregnant women with COVID-19 in southern Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 pregnant women with COVID-19 who were selected from teaching hospitals in Fasa, Jahrom, and Shiraz in Fars province. Sampling was done through the convenience method from March to July 2020. A researcher-made checklist was applied to gather the required data which were analyzed using SPSS 22 software and descriptive statistics. Results: The mean age of patients was 28.30±9.96 years. Of patients, 60% were in the first trimester of pregnancy. The average length of stay in a hospital was 8.47±4.37 days. Fever (46/66 %) was the most common clinical finding, increased C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (50%) was the most common laboratory finding, and Ground Glossy Opacity (GGO) (56/66 %) was the most common radiological finding in both lungs. Of pregnant women, 80% with COVID-19 had an underlying disease. The most common underlying diseases were 36.66% for asthma and 20% for diabetes. Of normal deliveries, 53.33% and 3.33% of neonatal and maternal deaths were reported. Conclusion: The most common time for COVID-19 in pregnant women was reported in the first trimester of pregnancy with clinical signs of fever and a history of asthma and diabetes. Therefore, the findings of this study highlight the importance of paying attention to pregnant women as one of the most at-risk groups in the COVID-19 pandemic. Health policy makers can use the findings of this study and the reported outcomes to develop appropriate health protocols for health care of pregnant women in the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2021 by the Author(s).


The present invention provides a valve opening-closing timing control apparatus the starting of the engine and a high HC and suppressing the discharge amount during idling, and after starting the idling stop is stabilized. Comprising: an outer rotor, rotated synchronously with the crankshaft of the engine; inner rotor and the outer rotor coaxial with the engine valve opening and closing camshaft rotate in synchronization; a fluid pressure chamber formed by the inner rotor and the outer rotor; advance angle chamber and retarded angle chamber, partition the fluid pressure chamber is formed by the inner blades provided on a rotor; a first intermediate lock mechanism, the rotation of the inner rotor relative phase of the outer rotor is limited between the maximum phase and the most advanced angle phase lag angle a first intermediate lock phase; most retarded angle locking mechanism, the relative rotational phase at the most retarded angle restriction lock phase; intermediate second locking mechanism, the relative rotational phase restriction in the first phase and the intermediate lock phase between the most retarded angle locking a second intermediate lock phase.


PURPOSE: A stator core is provided to improve assembly efficiency by improving fixing property. CONSTITUTION: A stator core includes a stator core body(100) and a fixing unit(200). The stator core body projects a plurality of teeth(110) to the same direction. The stator core body forms a cylindrical shape by combining both ends through a bending process in a left and a right section. A fixing unit is arranged at both ends of the stator core body and fixes a stator core body at the cylindrical shape.


This paper presents the multilayer inductor especially the MIP series that has significant improvement as compared with the other inductors


ABSTRACT The present research work with an emphasis on the synthesis of bioplastic material by using fruit waste mainly banana peels. Bioplastic can be defined as plastic made of biomass such as corn, banana peels and sugarcane. Making bioplastics from banana peels instead of traditional petroleum-based plastic is believed to be a successful solution to increase the efficiency of the plastic industry. The polymer produced using the banana peel blended with the glycerol could help in the formation of plastic having the characteristic features of pliability, other tests like solubility and swelling studies were conducted to ensure commercial properties of these bioplastic materials, characterization of the synthesized product was carried out by FTIR, the confirms the polymer is bioplastic. One of the most significant results obtained during the research is degradation tractability of the developed product. This paper deals with the method to generate bioplastic from banana peels and help to reduce pollution.


Abstract A cold-air outbreak east of the Rocky Mountains on 23 January 2003 produced banded clouds and snow across the central and southeastern United States. The bands occurred through two processes: 1) thermal instability in the planetary boundary layer produced horizontal convective rolls (HCRs) over widespread areas, and 2) lake-effect processes downstream of small lakes (fetch < 100 km) produced localized bands. Characteristics of the observed bands associated with the HCRs, such as horizontal scale, depth of circulation, orientation, duration, and dynamics, are explored through observations, previous literature, and theoretical models. Snow from clouds produced by HCRs over land during the cold season has not been extensively studied previously. In this event, cold-air advection over the warm ground led to an upward sensible heat flux, promoting the occurrence of the HCR circulations. As the surface temperature decreased, the height of the lifting condensation level decreased, eventually forming clo...


Aflatoxins were not produced when A. parasiticus was cultured on medium containing peptone plus mineral salts. Transferring the microorganism to a glucose-containing medium resulted in aflatoxin production. Initiation of aflatoxin synthesis could be blocked by treatment with cycloheximide or actinomycin D. It appears that glucose or a product of its metabolism, acting at the transcriptional level induces one or more of the enzymes responsible for aflatoxin synthesis.


Cadmium is an environmental risk factor having various toxic effects both in animals and in human. Target of this study was to determine concentration of cadmium in rabbit semen and subsequently to detect in vitro effects on spermatozoa motility parameters. Mean cadmium semen concentration in rabbits (n=27) estimated by AAS method was 0.09559 mg/kg. In in vitro experiment significant (p 5 µm/s) estimated by CASA method was detected after 60 and 120 minutes of culture. In groups with the lowest cadmium concentration this decrease was not significantly affected immediately after cadmium addition. Similar tendency of cadmium induced dose-dependent decrease was detected for progressive spermatozoa motility (> 20 µm/s). Comprehensive motility analysis of distance parameters (curve line; average path; straight line) detected significant alteration for all experimental groups after 60 a 120 minutes of culture. At time 0, only the tendency of decrease was detected. Evaluation of curve line distance showed similar results as for average path distance and also significant decrease in the group with maximum cadmium concentration at time 0 of culture was found. For straight line distance the same tendency was recorded. Non-significant (p>0.05) differences were detected for straightness, linearity of spermatozoa motility, wobble and amplitude of spermatozoa head displacement. Except for amplitude of head displacement a tendency of increased straightness, linearity and wobble of suffered motile spermatozoa was found. The beat cross frequency was significantly decreased in all experimental groups 60 and 120 minute of co-culture with cadmium. Results of this study clearly confirm negative effects of cadmium on spermatozoa motility and subsequently possible decreased reproductive alterations in environmentally polluted areas.


SUMMARY 1. Water quality guidelines are important for the management of water resources. Initially, guidelines focused on quality for domestic drinking water and for agricultural, recreational and industrial purposes. More recently, the emphasis has been on ecosystem protection, as well. 2. This paper discusses the key elements of new risk-based water quality guidelines being developed in Australia and New Zealand, that should lead to more effective management and protection of aquatic ecosystems. 3. There are three essential elements to this new approach: (i) it is ecosystem-based — ideally the guidelines should be, as far as possible, ecosystem-specific; (ii) it is issue-based — the guidelines should focus on the actual issues or problems caused by physical, chemical and biological stressors rather than on the individual indicators, as at present; and (iii) it is riskbased. There is generally great difficulty in deciding whether adverse biological effects will result from various stressors added to an ecosystem. The new approach develops guideline 'packages' for each issue and, where possible, for each ecosystem type. Each 'package' consists of specified key performance indicators, trigger levels for these indicators (that is, levels which indicate the degree of risk that adverse biological effects may occur), and for high risk situations (where trigger levels are exceeded) a protocol for considering the effect of ecosystem-specific factors in reducing (or enhancing) the biological effects. 4. This paper presents a case study related to a highly relevant aquatic ecosystem issue in Australia, namely the excessive growth of cyanobacteria (blue-green algal blooms), to illustrate how the new risk-based guidelines might be applied.


This research presents a new theoretical framework through assessing readability research based on the linguistics and communication perspectives to determine the obfuscation probabilities and how to mitigate them. Therefore, this systematic literature review analyzed 219 papers using the SCOPUS and Web of Science databases. Findings show that in every language approach, there is an obfuscation level for annual reports, depending on the weakness of a particular component of the text communication process, starting from the use of a complex writing style and ending with the imposition of specific methods of presentation, while suggesting ways to mitigate the obfuscation.


Over the past two decades, laser remote sensing of the earth and of its environment has been a rapidly growing field of research and application. A large community of scientists, including atmospheric physicists, oceanographers, and laser physicists, together with optical systems designers and electronics and system engineers, is presently involved in the development of various types of lidar systems, either ground based, mobile, or airborne, for applications in meteorology, environmental studies, atmospheric physics, and oceanography. This book, Laser Remote Sensing, is intended for all those who are interested in this research field and represents the first monograph entirely devoted to laser studies of the environment. It is also intended to be self-contained: it reviews not only the broad spectrum of lidar applications but also the basic physics required for the understanding of interaction processes between radiation and matter and of laser fundamentals.


The most ovarian tumor arises from the surface epithelium and the serous tumor is the most common histological variant. Serous cystadenofibroma is a rare variant of serous tumor that comprises both epithelial and fibrous stromal components. They are benign in nature but may often be misinterpreted as malignant nature due to their solid cystic nature with papillary projections. We herein report a case of twisted right ovarian cyst in 17 years unmarried girl that was clinically and radiologically benign and hence managed laparoscopically. Intraoperatively cyst ruptured that released clear serous fluid. During cystectomy, multiple small to large size (maximum 2x2 cm) papillary projections were noted within the uninoculated cyst without any other solid components. With the possibility of a borderline tumor, the patient party was counseled and opted for cystectomy with the possible need for a second surgery. The final histopathology report was benign serous cystadenofibroma.


E-commerce (Electronic Commerce) is the buying and selling of items over the internet, and this technology is growing in popularity as online shopping becomes more common. The user interface and experience should be engaging to produce a customer-friendly environment. In order to understand how e-commerce website design affects customers, we examined various websites with good and bad UI/UX design. We discovered that a variety of factors have a significant impact on clients, prompting them to be hesitant about using e-commerce services. This paper examines a few novel approaches to making your website more efficient, effective, responsive, and user-friendly.


The effect of TRH, TSH, and LH-RH on plasma thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels was studied in the lesser snow goose (Anser caerulescens c.) and on plasma T4 in the Rouen duck (Anas pla...


The utility of a versatile multifunctional standalone Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)/confocal system for imaging dental tissue was investigated. The system can collect A-scan (reflectivity versus depth graph), longitudinal (B-scan) and en-face (C-scan) OCT images, simultaneously with a confocal image. The power to the sample was 250(mu) W, wavelength (lambda) =850 nm and the depth resolution in air was 16 micrometers . The OCT images showed caries lesions as volumes of reduced reflectivity. Transversal images (C-scan) showed the en-face slices of the tooth tissue like in confocal microscopy. Longitudinal images showed the depth of the lesion into the tooth tissue as well as the different structural layers of sound tooth in the same way as seen in ultrasound images. A-scans performed in locations selected in the en-face images provided quantitative data about the reflectivity versus depth. The confocal channel was extremely useful for guidance and it has also shown the integral of the intensity over depth at transversal locations. We concluded that OCT proved capable to detect an early caries lesion, to show the depth of the lesion into the tissue, and quantitatively assess the degree of demineralization.


In a number of major battles in the U.S. Civil War, unusual atmospheric acoustics played a major role. In this study, the probable causes of the unusual acoustics are given and the resulting effect on military command decisions is described. The causes discussed include sound absorption, wind shear, temperature gradients, and combinations of these. Several cases will also be described in which multiple ground reflections caused sounds of battle to be heard at unusually great distances. The battles studied include Gettysburg, Seven Pines, Perryville, Iuka, Fort Donelson, Gaines Mill, Five Forks, and Chancellorsville.


A questionnaire designed to obtain information of illness behavior and symptom manifestation of neurasthenia was administered to psychiatric outpatients (N=78), physicians (N=88), and community control populations (N=89). The analysis of the information show that mass media contributed the predominant learning source, psychological stree was distinctively identified as the cause ,and psychiatric treatment was one of the preferred treatment modalities. Presentation of symptoms showed high prevalence in emotional components. Factor analysis of symptoms revealed a heterogeneity of psychopathology. Interpretation of these factors was attempted. The clinical diagnosis based on DSM-iii yielded three diagnostic categories. Namely, anxiety disorders (51.3%), depressive disorders (including major depression) (44.8%) and adjustment disorders (3.8%). Thus, it is suggested that the present state of neurasthenia as a medical terminology may be regarded as a "communication code" to denote a conglomerate of mental disorders.


Management of wound care mainly depends upon the advancement of innovative and effective wound care product to achieve speedy recovery and minimising scar formation. Wound healing management has been always an interesting field of research till date due to serious need for new wound treatment. Appropriate wound care is a significant challenge because of the complications associated with wounds as well as low permeability through the skin. The interconnected events of wound healing occur simultaneously to restore the tissue integrity and functions of the cells. Wound healing gets hampered by numerous factors. These physiological events occur easily in normal human being, but in some situations these molecular events are affected, resulting in hard to heal/ chronic wounds. In current years nanotechnology has emerged as an exciting field with several applications in skin regeneration. These nanoscale delivery systems have numerous benefits in the healing process such as decrease in drug's cytotoxicity, administration of poorly water-soluble drugs, better skin permeation, controlled release behaviour, antimicrobial activity, as well as stimulation of fibroblast proliferation and reduced inflammation. Thus, emerged as an effective strategy and approach for the treatment of chronic wounds. This review briefly discusses about the wounds, characteristics of an ideal wound dressings along with a special mention regarding the several strategies of wound healing by nanotechnology with their functions and advantages.


Ojective:To investigate the effects of improved prescription of Taoren Chengqi decoction(Peach Kernel decoction for strengthening qi) on the activation of STAT3 and VEGF of rabbits after intimadenudation.Methods:40 healthy New-Zealand white rabbits(2~2.5kg) were divided into the model group(n=10),Chinese medicine group(n=10),western medicine group(n=10),and the narmol group(n=10).Before the operation,model group,Chinese medicine group and western medicine group were feeded with high fat diet for 4 weeks.Afer the operation,model group,Chinese medicine group and western medicine group were feeded with narmol diet for 4 weeks,and the intragastric administration of Chinese medicine group(n=10) is the improved prescription of Taoren Chengqi decoction,western medicine group is simvastation and asprin.The expression of STAT3 and VEGF mRNA was determined using RT-PCR method.Results:The expression level of STAT3 and VEGF mRNA of model group are higher than the narmol group obviously.The expression level of STAT3 and VEGF mRNA of Chinese medicine group and western medicine group are decreased(Compared with the group of control,P0.05).The Chinese medicine group and western medicine group have no difference(P0.05).Conclusion:The improved prescription of Taoren Chengqi decoction has an accelerating action on growth and function of vascular endothelial cell.It is effective in the prevention of restenosis after PCI.


In light of ASEAN's geographical importance to China, it is an important strategic measure to establish a regional economic group with ASEAN countries and this agrees with our Asian-Pacific strategic intention. At present the establishment of Sino-ASEAN free trade zone imposes a far-reaching effect on the East-Asian economic cooperation and the development of international relations. From the strategic geo-economic perspectives, the paper examines the establishment and the new tendency of the free trade zone, explores our geo-economic benefits and risks and accordingly puts forward some countermeasures.


The village of Duved in northern Sweden faces rapid transformation related to the tourism industry, including new housing and recreational facilities in the mountains. Existing places with inherent social values that play a key role in supporting local identity are threatened as they are not sufficiently recognised or protected by the planning process. This study focuses on how significant places with social values, and the system of such places that form a social infrastructure, may be identified and recognised through a multi-perspective approach including a creative mapping process. Information from different stakeholders about places with social values is documented and analysed. The approach includes three different perspectives on places affording social values: planning documents, the officials' perspective and the citizens' perspective. The mapping method makes intangible knowledge visible and reveals the multifunctionality of places, and the map constitutes the medium for such a process. It can contribute to developing democratic planning processes that support the empowerment of the population and help professionals to integrate knowledge about social value into plans, thus preserving fragile but essential qualities through future development.
Practice relevance
Centring on the ongoing rapid transformation of Duved village in northern Sweden, this study focuses on how significant places with social values may be identified, recognised and preserved. Places affording social value, important for sustaining local communities and wellbeing, are often insufficiently acknowledged in times of forceful urban development. These oversights can have devastating consequences for the existing social qualities. The creative mapping approach captures three perspectives to identify significant places affording social values. In this way, maps translate intangible knowledge into analytic methods of planning. The result may support the integration of fragile but essential qualities into plans and policies and is a way forward to acknowledge and preserve key places in future urban development.


The Xiaomoling complex exposed at Mogouxia,Zhashui County,South Qinling,is mainly composed of basic,intermediate and late-intruded acid rocks.The basic rocks are dominantly made up of metabasalt and metadiabase,which have similar element geo- chemical characteristics.Their REE distribution patterns show the LREE-enriched feature;the MORB-normalized trace element spi- dergram shows"humped"distribution patterns and slight depletion in Nb and Ta and enrichment in LILE.The high values of La/Nb, Th/Yb and Hf/Ta reveal that the magma source was subjected to contamination with continental crust,suggesting the features of mantle-derived magma in an intraplate extensional setting.In addition,the higher Zr/Y and Ta/Yb ratios and lower Zr/Nb ratios also indicate that the magma formed in an intraplate tectonic setting.According to the integrated geological and geochemical study,it may be concluded that the basic rocks in the Xiaomoling complex formed in an intraplate tectonic setting and were contaminated by conti- nental crust during fractional crystallization(FC).These all indicate that the basic rocks of the Xiaomoling complex were the product of magmatism occurring in the terminal Neoproterozoic intracontinental extensional setting in the South Qinling.


In their ongoing search for divinity, Western European Christians followed many different paths to a personal connection with the eternal, including the intimacies of private prayer, the spectacle of the Mass, and the veneration of saintly relics. Along the way, art objects and artifacts served as companions, guides and comforts. The essays in this catalogue consider the central role objects and images played in these spiritual journeys. They investigate imagery's critical role in the development of personal devotions, in the organization of liturgical worship, and in practices surrounding the institution of the Eucharist and the cult of saints.


LITTLE has appeared in the medical press relating to the injuries sustained in the conflict taking place in Kenya ; papers have been published relating to the warfare in Korea and Malaya, and it may not be deemed presumptuous to send this account of a It is perhaps permissible to speculate as to the mental age of the aggressor, so destructive has he shown himself to be! In all, 46 living casualties have been dealt with by thoracic and abdominal unit ; the number does not include patients with minor


The objective of this paper is to benchmark the performance of twelve publicly owned managed care organizations against one another for the period 2009 to 2011. In this paper, we use data envelopment analysis, an operations research technique, to benchmark the performance of twelve publicly managed care organizations. Data envelopment analysis clearly brings out the organizations that are operating more efficiently in comparison to other firms in the industry. Data envelopment analysis also points out the areas in which poorly performing firms need to improve.


Silicon (Si) is a widely used material by the very-large-scale integration technology addressing manufacturing of integrated electronic circuits. Micromachined Si has also shown its advantages in the fabrication of advanced microelectronic, photonic and micro-electro-mechanical system devices whose continuously decreasing dimensions present growing challenges in packaging. In that context, we have investigated an Nd:YAG laser based process for micromachining of back surface of Si (100) wafers. The application of a laser for micromachining brings the advantage of a selective area processing, while the Nd:YAG laser holds the promise of a cost attractive solution. Our experimental results, consistent with temperature simulations, demonstrate that it is possible to melt the back surface of 380 μm thick Si wafers with 100 μm diameter laser pulses of energy between 2.6 and 3.2 mJ/pulse. Microscopic images and profilometry scans have indicated no measurable modification of the front surface of laser-irradiated wafers. Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy data have indicated formation of a porous Si material on the back surface of irradiated wafers that could be dissolved relatively easily in a potassium hydroxide solution.


For an infinite cardinal a , the lexicographically ordered space {0, 1}Q is denoted A(a) ; its density is denoted dA(a) . Completing a computation left unfinished elsewhere, we prove dA(a) = 2w . 1. Background Juxtaposing in [3] Theorem 11.1 (a) of page 29 and 9.1 of page 54, and specializing to cardinal numbers, the theorem emerges that dA(a) — a ; this statement appears explicitly in the Introduction to [3]. Correspondence with the author of [3] indicates that Theorem 9.1 of page 54, and hence the statement dA(a) = a, should have been marked in [3] with the symbol (*) (which indicates in [3] that GCH is assumed). The omission of (*) is a typographical error; the author of [3] did not intend or attempt to compute the value of dA(a) in the absence of GCH. It is well known and easy to prove for infinite cardinals a that Eí2'*': Í < a. i an ordinal} = ^{2^ : ß < a, ß a cardinal}. a a As usual, this common value is denoted 2" . The relation dA(a) < 2, easily derived from Sierpiriski's investigation [4] into the "universal" properties of A(a), is proved explicitly in [1, (5.14(c))].


Due to the personal attachment candidates have to their work, PhD supervision in the Creative Writing discipline is one of the most complex of Postgraduate pedagogies. The personal relationship with his work often affects the candidate's personal relationships with his supervisors. This paper discusses ways of approaching postgraduate pedagogy in Creative Writing based on individual and collective reflective accounts following a successful submission. Through analysing two distinct relationships; one being the candidate's attachment to his work and the other being the candidate-supervisor relationship, we draw on a model of supervision inspired by a psychoanalytical interpretation of discourse and use our first-hand experience to introduce a new, experiential methodology of supervision that takes into account the shifting positions of candidate and supervisors throughout the journey to submission. We also challenge this model and suggest ways of enriching this model to make the postgraduate experience more enjoyable and productive for both PhD student and supervisor.


A prosthetic hand with a self-regulated grip force could achieve different operation modes, which can help the upper limb amputees to fetch objects of different shapes. To get the appropriate grasping force with smaller samples and shorter training time, the method of threshold value judgment in this paper is effective on achieving the estimate of the discrete force basing on the mean absolute value (MAV) of EMG's level. The 10 subjects can be divided into 8 grasping patterns determined through three levels: the small, medium and great of grasping forces in experiments. Experimental results conditioned on small training samples and short training time show that the accuracy of force estimation is 72.91±9.58% and thereby convincing the effectiveness and reality of the proposed method.


The main quality characters of new mid-late rice strains in Liaoning were studied with Liaojing 9 as control.The results showed that the milling quality traits like brown rice rate,polished rice rate and head rice rate were lower than those of control and differed very significantly among strains.The appearance quality traits like grain length,length to width ratio,chalk grain rate and chalkiness degree were higher than those of control.As for cooking and eating quality and nutrition quality,the alkali spreading value and gel consistency were lower than those of control,but amylose content and protein content were higher than those of Liaojing 9.There existed very significantly negative correlation between amylose content and protein content.


Substation Automation Systems are commonly used to control, protect and monitor substations in a power system. Many existing substation automation systems use proprietary protocols, which are no longer supported. Therefore, expensive and complex solutions are often required when automation equipment fails or reaches the end of life (15/20 years), or a substation extension is required. Older proprietary-based protocols in substation automation systems are being updated and replaced by introducing the IEC 61850 standard series.IEC 61850 brings significant changes to how Intelligent Electronic Devices used for protection are to be tested. The introduction of non-traditional relay signals resulted in the need for new tools and processes regarding commissioning, testing and maintenance.This paper provides an overview of existing proprietary protocols and outlines the IEC 61850 standard. The challenges in testing IEC 61850 protection equipment are investigated. Finally, a power utility approach for extending existing legacy substation automation systems is demonstrated in a lab-based trial. The comparison illustrated the many benefits of installing and extending substations using IEC 61850 rather than reengineering the proprietary systems.


Aiming at the problem of serious traffic accident caused by driver fatigue driving, a method of identifying facial fatigue expression by using convolutional neural network is proposed in this paper. Combined with image processing technology, the fatigue expression features are trained and learned to realize the identification of driver fatigue expression. Compared with the traditional detection method based on visual feature, the neural network model constructed in this paper can extract the fatigue expression features more fully. In the training test of the sample pictures, the accuracy rate can reach 95.4%, and the running time is only 0.89s. It is confirmed that the method proposed in this paper is effective and feasible.


(57) Abstract: soldering iron technology for the production of chips is an essential content cutting the coated wire to the plurality of sections, each segment core material (e.g. copper like) includes an outer layer for protection (e.g., stainless steel, Ni, Cr, or an alloy thereof) and a. By each of the coated wire part cold-formed or hot-forming, or other metal forming process, it is formed into soldering iron tip. In the finished soldering iron tip, the outer layer for protection is disposed behind the working area of the chip, reduce the corrosion of the chip, to improve the electrical conductivity between the chip and the soldering iron of the handle to help. Heater elements, those from the same as the wire portion coated is used to make the soldering iron tip can be formed at one end of the soldering iron tip, whereby, between the heater element and the chip good thermal conductivity is ensured. The present invention is also intended to relate to techniques for forming an outer layer for protection on the chip working area. The technology is a thin piece young of material for protection, such as iron involves making and stamped the cap from the sheet. In particular, the cap is made by stamped sheet using a die having a shape similar to the shape of the working area of the soldering iron tip. Cap formed by this method is inserted so as to cover an end of the chip, it is attached by adding a brazing material piece of the pre-forming of the material of the formed cap or caps.


Nowhere is the diversity among the individuals of a species more evident than in the field of tissue transplantation. Surgeons today consider it axiomatic that a skin graft from one person will be rejected by any other person, unless the donor and recipient are identical twins. In fact, acceptance of skin grafts exchanged between two persons now has medicolegal status as evidence that the two persons in question are identical twins. The fact that identical twins constitute the universally recognized exception to the incompatibility of tissue transplants between individuals reflects the recognition that this kind of variation is inherited; it is their genetic identity that provides these twins with a unique basis for tissue compatibility (cf. Medawar [51]). The mechanism of tissue rejection is generally accepted as immunologic. An individual who rejects a tissue transplant is so sensitized by this experience that he rejects a second transplant from the same donor more rapidly than he did the first. This "immunity" can be passively transferred from one experimental animal to another by injecting spleen or lymph node cells from the immune animal into a normal recipient of the same inbred line (52). With the establishment of these immune cells, the injected animal acquires the ability to give the immune, "second-set" response to transplants


The snow goose population in Polar Bear Provincial Park has increased exponentially since the park's establishment. Over 400,000 adults were present in June 1996 and 1997 at the major nesting colony at Cape Henrietta Maria (CHM). This colony currently occupies over 400 km and nearly 100 km of the coastline during nesting and 290 km during brood rearing. A second colony consisting of about 4600 adults in June 1997 has established itself at the park's western end near the Shell Brook. Another area at the park's southern end along several small rivers flowing into James Bay is used intermittently for nesting (7000 adults in June 1997). From late June to mid-August, 1993 1997, approximately 65% of the park's Hudson Bay and James Bay coastline was occupied by snow geese during the brood rearing period. Based on these colony counts, over 1,000,000 geese including non-breeders and young of the year would have been present in the park in early August. Cumulative effects of severe grazing and grubbing in salt marsh plant communities were abundantly evident, and the geese increasingly have used the vegetation of fresh water sedge fens and tundra as a food source. Snow goose die-offs indicative of starvation or disease were recorded in 1996 and 1997. Although no recent intensive ground studies of fauna have been made at CHM, Shell Brook, or northwest James Bay, long-term research at another expanding snow goose colony in the Hudson Bay Lowland (La Perouse Bay, Manitoba) indicated local declines in several species of shorebirds, invertebrates and vascular plants. The same is likely to have occurred at the long occupied Ontario colonies. Of significance is the fact that this snow goose population growth is driven by off-site factors, especially the use by the birds of agricultural foods from September to April during migration through prairie Canada and the U.S. and on the wintering grounds in the southern U.S. The move to agricultural foods and expansion of winter and migration range began just after World War II and accelerated in the 1960s. This has permitted increasingly higher survival of adults outside the nesting period. The cumulative and continuing habitat damage has significant and immediate implications for other plant and animal species and long-term implications for the survival of some biological communities of this wilderness park


Objective To evaluate the application value of gemstone spectral CT to reducing artifacts after metallic fixation and joint replacement.Methods Thirty patients undergoing metallic fixation and 12 patients undergoing joint replacement received gemstone spectral CT imaging scanning 7days after operation.The gemstone spectral imaging(GSI)viewer in post-processing system was used to analyze the data to obtain 11 monoenergetic images ranging from 40 to 140KeV by reconstructing at intervals of 10 KeV.The monoenergetic area with the highest image signal-noise ratio was chosen to reconstruct,and metal artifacts reduction software(MRAS)was used to process the data.The qualities of images were compared between monoenergetic image and monoenergetic plus MRAS images.Results The data analysis showed the image signal-noise ratio was the highest in the 120 KeV monoenergetic area,among which the quality grading score was 0in 2cases(4.76%),1in 8cases(19.05%),2in 22cases(52.38%),and 3in 10cases(23.81%).Among120 KeV monoenergetic+ MRAS images,the quality grading score was 0in 25cases(59.52%),1in 16cases(38.10%),2in 1case(2.38%),and 3in 0case(0),significantly better than the quality of 120 KeV monoenergetic images(P0.05).Conclusion Gemstone spectral CT can effectively reduce the artifacts of metallic fixation and beam hardening artifacts,and improve the image quality.The MARS reconstruction should be applied individually,reducing the artifact under the premise of not affecting the diagnostic conditions.


Philosophical accounts of probability differ in their sensitivity to the problems which arise from the fact that probabilities are often applied to single cases, rather than to general classes. Frequency theories of probability are often criticised for their apparent inability to make sense of such applications. One such critic is D. H. Mellor, whose own account of probability I shall be discussing here. Among recent writers on probability, Mellor perhaps pays most attention to the problems of the single case-but not with complete success, it seems to me. It has not always been clear what constitutes a single case application of probability. In my view, sentences involving such a thing are those in which the probabilistic reference can be construed as taking the form of a sentential operator; i.e., sentences of the form Pq, where P is a probabilistic operator (such as 'It is probable that .. .') and q a non-probabilistic sentence. Briefly, this is because a single case probabilistic judgement, inter alia, is one which could form the immediate basis of a choice of betting odds; and any bet is a bet that q, for some sentence q. I use the term SP sentence (statement, utterance, etc.) for a sentence (statement, utterance, etc.) of this form.' Of central concern is thus the semantic role of a probabilistic sentential operator. Does it modify sense, or modifyforce? Most writers on probability assume the former answer (which accordingly I call 'the popular view').2 Mellor himself is difficult to classify. Some recent remarks suggest he is sympathetic to the latter approach. Yet the bulk of his work on probability provides one of the more subtle accounts of the former kind. More on this anomaly in Section 6; until then, I shall be discussing Mellor's positive theory of probability, with particular attention to whether it does support the former answer to the above question; i.e., as to whether it does enable SP