IntroductionAccording to the 2010 Global AIDS report, there were more than 33 million people living with HIV and more than 5 million people are now receiving HIV treatment. The HIV epidemic is getting close to zero in most Asia and pacific regions. However, the Sub-Saharan Africa still bears an inordinate share of the global HIV burden (1). An estimated 22.5 million people are living with HIV in the region - around two thirds of the global total. In 2009 around 1.3 million people died from AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa and 1.8 million people became infected with HIV. Since the beginning of the epidemic 14.8 million children have lost one or both parents to HIV/AIDS (2).In 2010, about 68% of all people living with HIV resided in sub-Saharan Africa, a region with only 12% of the global population. Sub-Saharan Africa also accounted for 70% of new HIV infections in 2010, although there was a notable decline in the regional rate of new infections. The epidemic continues to be most severe in southern Africa, with South Africa having more people living with HIV (an estimated 5.6 million) than any other country in the world (3).The current global HIV/AIDS strategy aims to advance global progress in achieving country set targets for universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support and to halt and reverse the spread of HIV and contribute to the achievement of the Millennium Development goals (MDG) by 2015 (3).With an estimated 1.1 million people living with HIV, Ethiopia has one of the largest populations of HIV infected people in the world. However, HIV prevalence among the adult population is lower than many sub-Saharan African countries. Adult HIV prevalence in 2009 is currently estimated to be between 1.4% and 2.8% (4).Towards universal access, Ethiopia made significant progresses during the last decade. The number of Health Facilities providing HIV counselling and testing services, prevention and mother to child transmission services and HIV care and treatment services has increased dramatically. Subsequently, the number of people using these services has increased exponentially (5-8).With these achievements, some suggest that the country can easily meet the stated MDG goals for HIV/AIDS. However, whether these achievements in access and utilization of services will lead to the achievement of MDG 6 for HIV is not systematically answered using a scientific method. Therefore, this study is designed to predict whether Ethiopia can halt and reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS by 2015 based on the progresses made so far and taking in to account the constant indicator assumption for prediction.MethodsNational level HIV/AIDS prevalence and incidence data were analysed from different publicly available sources. The major data sources used in this study were:* ANC (Antenatalcare) sentinel surveillance reports,* Demographic and health survey reports,* Annual HIV/AIDS monitoring and evaluation reports, and* Health and health related indicator documents.IndicatorsIndicators addressing HIV prevalence (HIV positivity rate) among target groups were selected. The data sources were then reviewed to retrieve the prevalence data. The indicators retrieved from these documents were:* National HIV prevalence projected from ANC sentinel surveillance reports,* HIV positivity rate among HIV counselling and testing (HCT) clients,* HIV positivity rate among prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) service clients, and* HIV positivity rate among blood donors, and HIV prevalence among young people 15-24 years of age.Data compilationThe HIV indicator data with their respective year of measurement were aggregated on MS excel. Consistency of the data among different sources was checked. The data spread sheet was then made ready for analysis.Data analysis and interpretationFive levels of analysis were used for the major HIV/AIDS indicators considered in this study. …


Nickel-catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation of enamines leading to the efficient synthesis of 3- R -Boc-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butyric esters, the key intermediate of the blockbuster antidiabetic drug ( R )-SITAGLIPTIN, is described. The sitagliptin motifs were isolated in more than 99% yield and with 75-92% ee using the earth-abundant nickel catalyst. Upon chiral resolution with ( R )- and ( S )-1-phenylethylamines, the partially enantioenriched ( R )- and ( S )-Boc-3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoic acids provided > 99.5% ee of the crucial sitagliptin intermediate. The asymmetric hydrogenation protocol was scaled up to 10 g with consistency in yield and ee , and has been reproduced in multiple batches.


It has generally been assumed that corrosion in molten alkali nitrates proceeds by the participation of oxide ions (02') directly from the melt. Such an assump tion is erroneous because oxide ions are completely converted to peroxide and superoxide ions in dry melts and to hydroxyl ions in melts exposed to water vapor. Oxide ions, however, could be stabilized by the addition of nitrite. To check whether corrosion in such melts depended on the concentration of oxide ions, experiments were carried out on zirconium and Zircaloy-2 in melts contain ing alkali metal nitrates, nitrite and hydroxide under different conditions. The oxide ion concentration in the melts is estimated to vary from IQ ' 12 to <_ lO'2^ m (mole kg'1); too small to account for the observed kinetics and polarization data. An analysis of the corrosion data, reported in the literature, for iron and carbon steel, shows that the oxide ion concentrations existing in the nitrate melts have no relation to the observed kinetics of oxidation. The source of oxide ions has to be the reaction of nitrate, nitrite and hydroxyl ions with the anion vacancies emerging on the surface. in the melt. Zambonin and Jordan found that the voltammograms obtained using rotated platinum disk electrodes were similar with additions of Na 20 and Na £02 to the nitrate melt ( 6 ). Their investigations revealed that oxide ions are virtually completely converted to peroxide and superoxide ions in dry Polarization measurements: The voltammograms and polarization curves obtained for platinum in the nitrate and nitrate-nitrite melts indicate that although reduction and oxidation of the nitrate and nitrite ions occurs at potentials highly cathodic and anodic to the rest potential?considerable current flows under steady state polariza tion conditions The possible reactions contributing to the current flow are the anodic reaction 6 and the cathodic reactions 13 and 14. When zirconium or iron is corroding in these melts ionic and electronic transports are occurring through the grow ing oxide film; ion current is associated with the diffusing species in the oxide and the reactions 12 and 15 at the oxide-salt interface and the electron currrent is associated with reactions 13 and 14 at the oxide-salt interface.


The purposes of the present study are to attempt to discover if there is a predictable relationship between conflict and an increase in the number of choice alternatives, to specifically determine if this hypothesized relationship exists in a predictable order in children, to endeavor to show that this hypothesized relationship is such that generalization of application to a natural environment is credible, and to attempt to discover if there are sex differences that may influence this relationship.


The adequacy principle as the criterion of a just distribution of educational resources came on to the scene in litigation in the late 1980s. At about the same time, Amy Gutmann incorporated another kind of adequacy principle, as a criterion of political equality, into her more expansive normative theory of democratic education. This distinction between a principle of distribution and the normative theory in which it is embedded should be kept in view. Thus, I will refer to Gutmann's normative theory as the adequacy framework. I will also apply this label to similar normative frameworks held by thinkers such as Elizabeth Anderson and Debra Satz.


Background Cardiac troponins (cTns) are the 'gold standard' biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of acute coronary syndrome. Analytical performance is critical at low concentrations of cTn, and many of the current assays do not meet the guideline requirement of a 10% coefficient of variation (CV) at the 99th percentile concentrations. The aim of the study was to establish if the newly released Access® AccuTnI®+3 (AccuTnI+3) cardiac troponin I assay (Beckman Coulter Inc., Brea, CA, USA) reached this objective. Methods All AccuTnI+3 assays were performed on UniCel® DxI800 analyzer (Beckman Coulter Inc). Limit of Blank (LoB), Limit of Detection (LoD) and Limit of Quantitation (LoQ) were determined according to Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute EP17-A and EP5-A2 protocols. The 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL) was determined by analysing serum samples from 330 apparently healthy blood donors (260 men, 70 women, age range 18–70 years, median age 36 years). Results LoB and LoD values were 2.6 and 12 ng/L, respectively. The 10% CV was at 18 ng/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 8–25). The 99th percentile URL was 22 ng/L (95% CI 11–34). Conclusions The newly released assay has improved low-end analytical performance and reaches the goal of having a total imprecision ≤10% at 99th percentile of a healthy reference population (guideline acceptable). With this assay, it is now possible to utilize the 99th percentile as decision level for myocardial injury detection.


- Device for attaching a device (2) to a carrier part with fastening clip (11) which has a flat cover plate (12) and arms ferrule (18, 19) applied on opposite sides to the cover plate (12), and a bearing part (1) attachable to a fastening clip (11), characterized in that the bearing part (1) has a space (6), in that the cover plate (12) of the fastening clip (11) is rotatably mounted between a locking position in which the arms of hoop (18, 19) engage behind the support part, and release position in which the arms of hoop (18, 19) are not engaged with the support part.


Abstract: Disruptive technology can be defined as an emerging technology whose arrival in the marketplace signifies the eventual displacement of the dominant technology in that sector. Defining and assessing a set of key metrics for a disruptive technology at its early stages can substantially aid an enterprise to develop requirements, identify, and in turn increase the possibility of the successful launch of a disruptive technology. This article aims at defining a set of key metrics for evaluation of a possible disruptive technology. A case study is subsequently used for demonstrating the metrics identified. The article concludes with its relevance to the engineering management domain and directions for future research.


This chapter explores the idea of an autocratic advantage in international politics. Throughout the ages, scholars, including Alexis de Tocqueville, have argued that autocracies have an advantage in international politics. These arguments are resurfacing today as Russia and China vie for global leadership. According to the autocratic advantage idea, autocracies can set a long-term plan and stick to it. They can take bold action. They can be ruthless when necessary. And their domestic politics are marked by stability. In contrast, democracies are preoccupied by two-year election cycles, stymied in endless debate, and unduly constrained by morality and law. And their politics are marked by messy political infighting. This chapter weighs these ideas, and concludes that many of these so-called autocratic advantages are not, in fact, unique to autocracies and others should more properly be considered handicaps rather than advantages.


This paper presents our on-going work on the development of an output system for a THz gyro-multiplier. The beam-wave interaction and frequency multiplication in the gyro-multiplier generate two high-order modes at two distinguished frequencies. To convert the high-order waveguide modes into quasi-Gaussian beams and separate the two frequencies, a quasi-optical mode converter (QMC) and a frequency selective surface (FSS) are combined in the designed output system. The QMC is used to convert both the high order modes into quasi-Gaussian beams, while the FSS is used to separate the two frequencies. This presentation focuses on the design, fabrication and testing of the required FSS.


Geriatric syndrome is closely related to chronic diseases in the aged which affects the treatment and prognosis of chronic diseases, and is an important risk factor of dysfunction of the aged. Frailty is the core content of geriatric syndrome and is common in elderly diabetes mellitus which has a prediction function for the adverse health outcomes in elderly diabetes mellitus. This paper reviewed four aspects including the epidemiology of elderly diabetes mellitus combined with frailty, correlations between elderly diabetes mellitus and frailty, assessment and blood glucose management of elderly diabetes mellitus combined with frailty so as to provide a reference for clinical practice in China.

Key words:
Review; Aged; Diabetes mellitus; Frailty


Mokany et al. (1) reiterate an important consideration about the interpretation of results in our PNAS report (2). The authors suggest that the use of a different metric of β diversity might reveal a larger effect of β diversity on ecosystem multifunctionality. We agree, and reiterate that our reported effects of β diversity on ecosystem multifunctionality are likely conservative for a number of reasons. We also emphasize the importance of our findings despite these conservative results, and encourage future studies to explore creative methods for capturing more biodiversity effects.


Termites are "social cockroaches" and amongst the most phenotypically plastic insects. The different castes (i.e., two types of reproductives, workers, and soldiers) within termite societies are all encoded by a single genome and present the result of differential postembryonic development. Besides the default progressive development into winged sexuals of solitary hemimetabolous insects, termites have two postembryonic, non-terminal molts (stationary and regressive; i.e., molts associated, respectively, with no change or reduction of size/morphological differentiation) which allow them to retain workers, and two terminal developmental types to become soldiers and replacement reproductives. Despite this unique plasticity, especially the mechanisms underlying the non-terminal development are poorly understood. In 1982, Nijhout and Wheeler proposed a model how this diversity might have evolved. They proposed that varying juvenile hormone (JH) titers at the start, mid-phase, and end of each intermolt period account for the developmental diversity. We tested this rarely addressed model in the lower termite Cryptotermes secundus using phase-specific pharmacological manipulations of JH titers. Our results partially support the Nijhout and Wheeler model. These data are supplemented with gene expression studies of JH-related genes that characterize different postembryonic developmental trajectories. Our study provides new insights into the evolution of the unique postembryonic developmental plasticity of termites that constitutes the foundation of their social life.


Based on many years' experiences of mechanized protective farming techniques for harvesting the dryland winter wheat one time a year in the Saltlake District,this paper analyzes on the technical system,main implementation points and concrete measures adopted in the implementation,and expounds the main achievements and existing problems,which provides foundations for popularizing the mechanized protective farming techniques in large area in the future.


We show that the bicategory of (representable) orbifolds and good maps is equivalent to the bicategory of orbifold translation groupoids and generalized equivariant maps. We use this result to define an orbifold version of Bredon cohomology.


Combining with the engineering practice,the paper indicate the common treatment methods for the road soft foundation of the tidal flats,and points out the precautions in the construction process of the exchange filling of mountainous surface,the exchange filling of lime-soil,and the jackstone treatment,and indicates it is necessary to adhere to the technical principle and the regulated operation of the construction in the project and to improve the quality control,so it can achieve better treatment effect.


The value of the type of musical analysis presented in this study is based on the assumption that the more thorough an understanding the performer has of his repertoire, of both musical and non-musical elements, the more authentic the performance will be. A knowledge of the wishes of the composer and of the historical period, added to an analysis of poetry, melodic contour, harmony, rhythm, accompaniment, and texture, provides the performer with the necessary background to form his interpretation of a song. The interpretation of "Wo die schonen Trompeten blasen" depends upon an accurate execution of the various rhythmic patterns in both the vocal line and the accompaniment. The sometimes opposing rhythms (two against three) between the voice and accompaniment should be carefully observed. Another important interpretive aspect is the portrayal of both characters in the poem (the soldier and his sweetheart). Character differentiation is primarily achieved through the singer's vocal color, intensity, and general deportment. The singer must thoroughly understand the poetry and have formed a definite personality for each character. In "Das irdische Leben" the individuality of each character in the poem is even more essential. The three characters are musically differentiated by the three individual patterns of vocal melody and rhythm. These three types of vocal melodies help determine the vocal color for each character. The chromatic and ever-moving accompaniment helps build the tension of this macabre tale, but the most outstanding feature of this song must be the vocal color and characterization supplied by the singer. The light, yet ironic, humor is the most important element of "Des Antonius von Padua Fischpredigt." The tonal painting of the accompaniment creates the proper atmosphere for this fish tale. To project the poetry's humorous descriptions of the various fishes, the singer must pay special attention to vocal inflection and syllabic stress of the text. Careful attention should be given to the rise and fall of dynamics, which help depict an image of water movement. These three early songs of Mahler were chosen to provide the listener with a variety of mood, style, key, and musical harmony and rhythm. If the performers (both singer and accompanist) study the various musical and non-musical characteristics of the songs, the result should be a more authentic and meaningful presentation.


The in situ non-intrusive chemical analysis by Raman
microscopy of a very rare, early 13th century, Byzantine/Syriac Gospel
lectionary implies that the serious pigment blackening of many hues and
affecting most of the illuminations is caused by the degradation of lead
white to lead(II) sulfide, and that pararealgar
(As
 4
S
 4
) never previously identified on any
manuscript was used throughout as a deep yellow pigment.


BACKGROUND Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common focal epilepsy subtype in adults and is frequently accompanied by depression, anxiety and psychosis. Aberrations in total paraoxonase 1 (PON1) status may occur in TLE and these psychiatric conditions. AIM To examine PON1 status, namely Q192R PON1 genotypes and PON1 enzymatic activities, in TLE. METHODS We recruited 40 normal controls and 104 TLE patients, 27 without comorbidities and 77 with comorbidities including mood disorders (n = 25), anxiety disorders (n = 27) and psychosis (n = 25). RESULTS Four-(chloromethyl)phenyl acetate hydrolysis (CMPAase) and arylesterase activities were significantly lower in TLE and mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) with and without psychiatric comorbidities than those in normal controls. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of CMPAase were 0.893 (0.037) for TLE and 0.895 (± 0.037) for MTS. Partial least squares path analysis showed that there were specific indirect effects of PON1 genotype on TLE severity (P < 0.0001) and psychopathology (P < 0.0001), which were both mediated by lowered CMPAase activity, while arylesterase activity was not significant. The severity of TLE was significantly associated with psychopathology scores. Furthermore, PON1 CMPAase activity was inversely associated with Mini Mental State Examination score. CONCLUSION The severity of TLE and comorbidities are to a large extent explained by reduced PON1 enzyme activities and by effects of the Q192R genotype, which are mediated by reduced CMPAase activity. Total PON1 status plays a key role in the pathophysiology of TLE, MTS and psychiatric comorbidities by increasing the risk of oxidative toxicity. PON1 enzyme activities are new drug targets in TLE to treat seizure frequency and psychiatric comorbidities.


I wish to congratulate Eric Russell for his conscientious and thought-provoking commentary on the status of carotid stenting. The technique of carotid stenting is about to begin a new phase of additional rigorous scrutiny and investigation. The National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke (


The present study investigates the multi‐scale processes associated with a sequence of convective events that occurred over Niamey during the period 25–26 July 2006. This period corresponds to the active stage of the first intense monsoon surge over Sahel for 2006. During this two‐day period, two successive sequences of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) were located ahead of and in phase with the trough of an African Easterly Wave (AEW). They were followed by suppressed or isolated convection behind the trough and in the vicinity of the ridge. The large AMMA‐SOP dataset, in particular the UHF radar and the MIT Doppler radar in Niamey, are used in combination with a low‐resolution (5 km) cloud‐resolving model to understand the convection organization and its interaction with the environment. Several initial and boundary conditions have been tested, but only the simulation starting with the ECMWF AMMA reanalysis succeeds in reproducing the observed features; this emphasizes the importance of the initial state. From the simulated MCSs, the along‐line component of the apparent source of momentum due to the convection is found to be up to 1 m s−1h−1. It seems that MCSs globally reduce the monsoon flow and generate southerlies at mid levels which can reinforce the rotation of the wind at the passage of the trough. During the afternoon of 26 July, the local convection over Niamey resulted from some favourable factors (humidity, CAPE, CIN) that triggered convection, while inhibiting factors (mid‐level dry layer, weaker low‐level wind shear pointing to the north, anticyclonic curvature of the streamlines at 700 hPa) prevented it organizing itself and propagating. In particular, the low‐level wind shear seems of critical importance. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society


Operative treatment of craniosynostosis is associated with substantial blood loss, often requiring transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBC) and coagulation products.


This essay focuses on Friedrich Hölderlin's elegy Achill (c.1799), one of the earliest texts in which the author reacts to the separation from Susette Gontard. While previous works have emphasised the reference of this elegy to Hölderlin's translation from Homer's Iliad, it has been overlooked that the lamenting Achill is based on elegiac models of Latin literature (Propertius, Ovid), which Hölderlin was familiar with partly from school and partly from journals. By tracing the conception of an elegiac Achilles, the article sheds light on Latin substrates in Hölderlin's poetry.


In this paper we present the challenges that have contributed to changes in the administrative and educational domains in our faculty, starting with the workflow for the admission process, continuing with the learning process (courses, seminars, projects, and laboratory), the evaluation methods, and eventually with the collaboration between professors and students for the implementation of diploma/dissertation projects. Also, in this paper we present the way students interact with teachers, secretary office, and faculty management. These issues were addressed from several points of view (of the professor, of the faculty management, of the administrative staff i.e. secretary office, as well as of the students). The paper presents the opinions of the authors as well as those of the students. The purpose of this paper was to study the impact of online education on the entire engineering training process. The results highlight the experiences of authors and students in our faculty.


The SAMJ apologises unreservedly for any inconvenience
caused by the omission of the name of WK Andrew, the
author of the obituary on John Hoyland, in the
November 2002 edition.


Through application of AutoCAD software, some functions of CAD are further developed. Some common and easy to learn skills presented in allusion to engineering geologic protraction.


The construction of a 150 kV Sario - Teling High Voltage Cable Line (SKTT), which located in the city of Manado - North Sulawesi Province, is an important electricity project that has been planned to operate in 2020 according to the 2019-2028 Rencana Umum Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik (RUPTL). This transmission line construction is expected to increase electrical energy services in North Sulawesi region. This SKTT project applied the Boring Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) method to install the 150 kV SKTT cable. On the other hand, the Joint Pit installation uses a Box Culvert precast construction consisting of reinforced concrete. From the test results of the samples, we can conclude that there were an increases in the compressive strength of concrete from 1,04% to 1,27% above the compressive strength of normal concrete. There was a decrease in the compressive strength of the concrete at several points. However, this anomaly is still above the minimum limit of concrete compressive strength determined by PLN, which is 400 kg / cm2. This study involved laboratory testing to determine the effect of additives added during Box Culvert casting in order to obtain an efficient hardening time. It is hoped that this study will have an impact on the completion of the SKTT 150 kV Sario - Teling project on time, so that it can provide economic benefits for PLN and the consumer.


This research project studies love in Charles Dickens's Great Expectations through Pip's ego fluctuations. Freud's division of the human psyche into the three components of id, ego and superego is applicable to the analysis of the rise and fall of the hero in his quest for Estella's love. Four main questions have been dealt with: First, what makes up Pip's id when it comes to love? Second, what are the main components of his superego that stand in the way of his love? Third, does Pip's ego succeed in striking a balance between his id and superego? In what ways does it fail? And fourth, how does it eventually succeed if ever? The study has managed to answer its key research questions: First, Pip's id is illustrated in the feelings and actions exerts in order to win Estella's love. Second, Pip's superego is mainly made up of the attitudes of characters that stand in his way. Third, Pip's distress at the attitudes of Estella, Miss Havisham, Biddy and his friends, bring Pip's ego to its worst situation. Fourth, the quest of Pip's ego for winning Estella's heart finally becomes possible mainly thanks to Miss Havisham's repentance and Estella's transformation.


From digital city construction features and characteristics,this paper expounds several construction patterns,the main contents,organization and implementation for digital city construction.According to the public products and regional economic theories,the construction pattern of the overall urban and rural development has conduction and radiation effects on regional information construction.Counter measures and suggestions from the perspective of the regional economic development,transformation of government function and consumer market are proposed.


The structure of mollenyne A, a cytotoxic nitrogenous halogenated long-chain carboxamide from the sponge Spirastrella mollis, was elucidated by integrated spectroscopic analysis, including CD, and chemical conversion.


ABSTRACT Applying external electric fields to molecules gives rise to spectral shifting and splitting, a phenomenon known as the Stark effect. However, a fundamental question of how electronic structures of molecules are modified by electric fields is still not well understood. By applying electric fields to a carbon monoxide molecule, herein we have successfully addressed the fundamental question at orbital scales and discovered that the Stark effect exhibits anisotropic characters depending on the direction of the electric fields with respect to the molecular axis. Based on the fact that applying electric fields along the molecular axis always preserved the orthogonality between the sigma and pi electrons, we found that orbital resemblance-based cooperativity can only operate within either the sigma system in which sigma electrons somehow prefer to resemble each other or the pi electron system in which the 1π electrons experience polarization-based self-resemblance. However, switching the electric field vertical to the molecular axis breaks down the orthogonality between the sigma system and pi electron systems, opening up electronic channels that allow σ electron systems to resemble π electrons. Such orbital cooperativity represents a new physical effect beyond the conventional Stark effect. Moreover, we have found that applying electric fields to the molecule would modify its molecular orbital diagram, depending on the directions of the electric fields; the electric field along the carbon-to-oxygen direction basically retains the MO diagram of the free CO molecule, with noticeable intra-orbital electron redistributions, whereas the oxygen-to-carbon electric field does create new states of molecular orbital contributions. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Soviets agreed to this plan, and Offner concedes that the Potsdam agreements basically reoected each ally's supremacy in its own sphere. Nor is there any proof that Joseph Stalin's various German initiatives—culminating in his reuniacation proposal in 1952—were actually designed to do anything more than to upset the American plans for Western European integration, just as Truman and Secretary of State Dean Acheson suspected at the time. Now that the Cold War is over and Germany is reunited, haven't those who criticized the creation of West Germany assumed a much bigger burden of proof in arguing against the policies that were adopted? Even if communism was not monolithic, weren't reasonably limited interventions, such as those in Greece and in Korea (at least to protect South Korea), justiaed to contain its spread? In short, is it merely "triumphalism" to suggest that events have vindicated many of Truman's policies? Offner has some strong arguments as well. Truman's conduct of the Korean War after the Inchon landing—when he deserves at least as much of the blame for crossing the 38th parallel as MacArthur—and his handling of the pow issue in the Korean Truce talks, are open to question, precisely because they diverged from the policy of containment. But what is striking in most of this book is the lack of alternatives presented to Truman, and the lack of much criticism directed toward his policies, until China had been lost, and the Korean War had taken a bad turn. Truman may have been a relatively blunt and emotional middle American, but his policies were, for the most part, consensus policies; any tragedy to which they contributed belongs to the United States as a whole, and not to him alone. It is to Offner's credit as a scrupulous historian that the facts that he presents frequently militate against his own more emotional conclusions.


Superconductivity has been found in 0.5-..mu..m-thick films of PbTe doped with Tl which were grown on BaF/sub 2/ substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy. The observation that in the T = 0 limit the ratio of the parallel to perpendicular critical magnetic fields is 1.7 suggests that the superconductivity is a bulk property. The highest value of the critical temperature was 0.6 K, which is about a factor of 2 lower than previously reported values for bulk material and polycrystalline films grown on mica substrates.


ABSTRACT Congested Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band stifles the growth of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). The recent switchover from analog to digital TV (DTV) broadcast frees from the conventional TV bands a sizeable amount of spectrum, which is commonly called TV white space (TVWS). TVWS is very attractive to many wireless technologies, including WLAN. IEEE came up with 802.11af, the standard for the WLAN technology that operates in TVWS. Nevertheless, it is unsure how best to guarantee its operation not causing harmful interference to DTV. In this paper, we present the conditions required for harmless coexistence of IEEE 802.11af WLAN and DTV. We make use of the standard prediction method based on radio propagation characteristics, i.e. the ITU-R P.1411-9 method which has been adopted in communication system planning. Based on our findings, we suggest the followings: (1) Operate IEEE 802.11af WLAN at any adjacent channel other than the first (i.e. except the closest neighbour channel). (2) The height of IEEE 802.11af installation does play a part when there is a relatively large separation distance between the WLAN and DTV (e.g. 50 m). (3) For outdoor operation, IEEE 802.11af WLAN should be installed at the second, third, or fourth channels adjacent to the DTV's; fifth or sixth adjacent channel for indoor operation.


When analysing income-related inequality in health, it is commonly ignored that the results may vary by different dimensions of health. The present study applies recently suggested methodologies to measure income-related inequality in the overall index of the 15D instrument as well as the contributions from each of its 15 dimensions. Further, the relative impact of socio-demographic determinants on income-related health inequality is measured using established methodology. These two methodologies are integrated in order to decompose the contributions from socio-economic determinants to each of the 15 dimensions. It is found that these relative contributions vary substantially across dimensions. For policy purposes this information indicates on which aspects of health there are potential improvements in inequalities in health. JEL classification: D30; D31; I10; I12.


In this report, we describe a local outbreak of small bark beetles on 4-year-old seedlings of Picea abies in a forest nursery in Central Europe in 2021. In March 2022, 10–50% of the seedlings were "dry" (i.e., with dry and easily broken twigs and with easily peeled bark) in each 4-row bed in the nursery. Half of the dry plants were completely covered by galleries of bark beetles and another 35% of the seedlings were with one or two bark beetle galleries. Almost 90% of the beetles found on the affected seedlings were Pityogenes chalcographus, and only 10% were Pityophthorus pityographus (we studied 100 seedlings in the second bed). The chipping of Picea pungens in previous years had left many felled trunks, branches, and other logging residues in the area. These residues are covered by galleries of both bark beetles. We suggest that, after multiplying on the logging residues, the beetles could not find suitable material for reproduction and were lured to the nursery seedlings, which had been weakened by location (a location that provided inadequate shade and no wind protection) and by repeated replanting.


Evolution of the spatial structure of the massive charged grains in the presence of weak linearly space‐dependent external force in a dusty plasma is studied using molecular dynamics simulation. The interaction among the dust grains in the background electron‐ion plasma is described by a modified Yukawa interaction potential that includes both repulsive and attractive ranges. Evolution of the initially homogeneously distributed dust grains is followed until a quasi‐stationary state is reached. Even though the external force is radially highly asymmetric, the final configuration of the charged grains can be a circular crystal. Still driven by the external force, the grains in the crystal execute synchronized oscillations in the direction of the force. The time needed to reach the quasi‐stationary state decreases with increase of the strength of the external force.


Contamination of biological systems by mercury represents a global concern, given the difficulty of degradation, persistence and potential toxicity of this metal in the environment. Remediation strategies of soils contaminated with mercury are required and the use of microorganisms as bioremediation agents is fully justified, in particular, the various mechanisms of tolerance to heavy metals allocated to them, particularly for fungi arising from various chemical processes, such as transformation valence, intra and extracellular precipitation and oxidation. Our hypothesis is that endophytic fungi isolated from areas contaminated by mercury present higher resistance to this metal. For this, three endophytic fungi (Aspergillus japonicas A10, Microsphaeropsis arundinis A36 and Trichoderma brevicompactum P35) isolated from a contaminated area and two from an uncontaminated area (Cladosporium cladosporioides A72 and Phlebiopsis gigantea A75) had the mercury resistance tested. The fungi were activated in PDA medium for 7 days. Discs of mycelium were inoculated in BDA+mercury medium at different concentrations (0, 30, 90; 150, 300, 450 and 600 μg.mL -1 ) with three repeats. The growth rate (μ) was determined daily until the stationary phase of each fungi and their calculation defined by equation μ = S (D-Da) / N, where: D = current average diameter, Da= previous average diameter and N = number of days in the tested range. The datas were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test. The mercury concentration that completely inhibited the growth of the fungi was considered as Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). All fungi showed MIC of 450 μg.mL -1 of Hg, except for P. gigantea A75 which showed growth inhibition at a dose of 600 μg.mL -1 of Hg. The reduction in growth rate was statistically verified for A. japonicus A32 the lowest concentration of mercury (30 μg.mL -1 of Hg) for C. cladosporioides A72 above this concentration compared to the control. T. brevicompactum P35 and M. arundinis A36 not undergo restrictions in growth up to 90 μg.mL -1 of Hg. As for P. gigantean A75, the restricting in the growth was observed only in 300 μg.mL -1 of Hg, this species was isolated from an uncontaminated area, rejecting therefore, our hypothesis. P. gigantea A75, M. arundinis A36, T. brevicompactum P35 were the most tolerant to mercury. Their potential for bioaccumulation and interaction with its host will be targets future studies, to support environmental biotechnology strategy.


The article discusses an important aspect of religious life in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore, the Jitong ritual, which has as its most striking feature the occurrence of possession, followed by dramatic acts of self-immolation, here explained as a kind of art work, that is, as something that involves design and planning, and not as a manifestation of the divine in the human realm.


In view of the facts that the basic work of cost accounting is wea k; the popularization of computer network is low; the system of assets management is not perfect, the author puts forward some ideas on how to construct a cost ac counting and wage distribution system so as to adjust to the economic developmen t of modern hospital, which can to the largest extent facilitate the activity an d creativity of the staff members.


Abstract : The primary purpose of the DIET-8 workshop was to assemble the world's authorities in electronically- induced surface processes (mainly, but not restricted to, desorption). The field of electronic excitations on surfaces and the subsequent atomic and molecular changes induced by these excitations has been expanding greatly, especially in the areas of atomically-resolved DIET processes, femtosecond dynamics, and photo-chemistry. Applications are myriad, including semiconductor processing, beam damage in quantitative surface analysis, photocatalysis, and surface chemistry in interplanetary space. This workshop thus served as a very important forum to discuss, analyze, and assess recent progress in both the theoretical understanding of these complicated phenomena and the latest experimental results. The workshop was attended by 70 attendees from 11 countries; 42 oral presentations and 19 posters were presented. This Proceedings volume contains 39 papers selected from the presentations at the workshop, following regular refereeing procedures of Surface Science.


established on the site of their victory. History knows Octavianus as its founder: the credit, however, truly belongs to Antonius, as Gaebler has demonstrated (Zeitschr. f. Num. XXXIX, 1929, 260 ff.). Veterans were settled at Philippi and civilians as well, expelled from Italy after Actium : for certain communities which favoured Antonius were punished by confiscation. There was also a large Thracian element on the territorium of the colony. The inscriptions are numerous enough to provide a pretty full picture of the life and development of Philippi in the Roman period; and sculptured reliefs show the persistence of native cults and beliefs. In provincial cities like Philippi it is fascinating to distinguish, if it can be done, the Roman and native elements, to trace their reciprocal relations. Nomenclature often helps. One would have liked to see some emphasis laid on names like ' Refidius ' and' Burrenus', precious and incontestable evidence of settlers from Italy. On the other hand, Julius Teres and his brother, the senator Julius Maximus Mucianus, who was given the latus clavus by Antoninus Pius, presumably derive from native stock. They are documents for the social history, not of a colony only or a province, but of the whole Empire. But we cannot have everything, and the last word must be gratitude, without reservations. RONALD SYME.


The Dragon in the Land of Snows is the even-handed history of modern Tibet that's been much needed. Without such a balanced account of the country's recent travails, Tibet has been in danger of vanishing twice: first into the grasp of the p r c, which invaded and occupied the nation in 1 9 5 0, and then into mythologized and misinformed notions of Tibet's culture and people. Impressively researched and written, The Dragon in the Land of Snows makes use of political documents and sources that have not come to light before, and clarifies to a great extent such difficult issues as the internal struggles of the Communist Party under Mao Tsetung, the dynamics of the Cultural Revolution, the mediating role of the Dalai Lama, and the influences exerted by Cold War intrigues inside Tibet and throughout the region. It's clear that author Tsering Shakya is sympathetic to the plight of his countrymen, but his account is remarkably restrained, seeking fundamentally to be objective and leaving out, for the sake of dispassionate scholarship, the enormity of the events that impacted the lives of Tibetans. In a separate context, however, Shakya relates precisely the horrifying effects of Chinese occupation on individual lives. The Autobiography of a Tibetan Monk is the harrowing first-person account of Palden Gyatso, who related the details of his life to Shakya during some three hundred hours of interviews in 1 9 9 5. To r t u r e d , starved, and subjected to horrendous living conditions, Palden Gyatso endured thirty-one years as a political prisoner of the Chinese. During his imprisonment, which began in 1959 when he was twenty-eight, he never gave up his dedication to Buddhist compassion for all beings—he had become a monk at age ten— n o r stopped resisting the cruelty of his Chinese captors and their relentless efforts to break his spirit and "reform" his thoughts. In 1 9 9 2, he escaped from Tibet and made his way across the border into Nepal, continuing on to India. He not only carried with him his eyewitness report of the Chinese depredation of Tibet and its people, but also managed to smuggle out electric cattle prods, stun guns, handcuffs, and other torture devices frequently used by prison guards —proof against the claims of the Chinese government that torture was forbidden in its prisons. A third recent book that helps us understand the conditions in Tibet between 1950 and the present is Mary Craig's Tears of Blood. Clearly and forcefully written, Craig's history unfolds not through the lens of international politics but primarily through her interviews with numerous individuals who lived through the events of the last half century; in this regard, her book is an important companion to the other two reviewed here. Like The Dragon in the Land of Snows, it challenges the


The existence of a common mechanism for length and numerosity processing was tested with a Stroop task. Participants compared the length or the numerosity of arrays of dots, for which the two variables were manipulated independently to create congruent, incongruent, or neutral pairs. Results showed that the spatial cues strongly interfered with the processing of numerosity, whereas the numerical cues only moderately interfered with the processing of length. These findings reflect a different mandatory processing of numerosity and length.


Embedded applications are held to a higher standard than desktop applications along a number of dimensions. Not only must the functionality of the application be correct, it often must meet strict time constraints and function with restrictive resource limitations (e.g., memory size, power, weight). Conversely, the hardware systems used to execute embedded applications are often dedicated to that particular application, alleviating the need to be as general purpose as desktop systems. As a result, there is significant ongoing interest in the ability to build custom hardware platforms for which the design of the hardware is closely matched to the needs of the application. In addition, many applications can be characterized into distinct "phases" during which the application characteristics are often significantly different. A hardware platform that can closely match the needs of the application, even as the application characteristics change, is the goal of our research group. We are investigating the concept of a liquid architecture, in which the physical microarchitecture of a processor has the ability to be altered to adapt to the needs of a particular application, even so far as to be altered during application execution when the needs of the application change [1]. This can be realized in a number of ways: (1) via a soft-core processor deployed on an FPGA [2], and (2) via a configurable processor that is extensible at execution time [3,4]. Candidate architectural alternatives include ISA extensions (e.g., new instructions for frequent operations), cache system alterations (e.g., size, line length, associativity, write-back vs. write-through, specialized cache structures), co-processors, etc. While many architectural alternatives have been proposed in the past, and ideas for new architectural features can readily be proposed both today and into the future, the challenge we currently face is the need to quantitatively evaluate these alternatives with sufficient depth of understanding to decide whether a particular application (or phase of an application) is well matched to a particular candidate architecture. In short, given the ability to be flexible in the architectural choice at runtime, what architecture should be chosen for a given application? Answering the above question requires a quantitative assessment of the application's performance as well as the resources consumed by the architecture (e.g., area, power). While traditionally answered via discrete-event simulation techniques, simulation is both time-consuming and has severe fidelity/completeness tradeoffs associated with it. For example, it is rare for a cycle-accurate simulation of a processor to model the activity of the operating system as well as the target application. We have built a system that enables the quantitative architectural assessments required to match architecture and application in a reasonable timeframe. In addition, the performance measurements do not impact the actual performance of the system under observation, as is the case with classical software-based performance monitoring techniques. The liquid architecture system we have constructed is based upon the LEON soft-core processor [2]. The LEON is a SPARC-compatible, synthesizable processor that has a reasonable level of configurability built into the original distribution. For example, the cache size, associativity, and line length are all settable via a menu-based configuration script prior to synthesis. In addition, full VHDL source is * This material is based upon work supported by the NSF under grant ITR–0313203.


This passage will take the No.8 300MW unit plant of Huaneng Yangliuqing Power Plant as example.Its combustion efficiency is not satisfactory;and with the continual operation of the unit plant,the logic and its related parameters of the combustion control system are not able to meet the control demand.According to these problems,the logic and its related parameters of the combustion control system have been optimized and the coal correction logic has been added.Moreover,it is necessary to improve the technology of some locale equipments,including the measurement of the oxygen quantity in the flue gas,the igniting process of plasma,the locale control of the mills and so on.After this optimization and improvement,No.8 unit has been put into operation in the coordination mode and the results show that the combustion efficiency and the main operation parameters of the unit plant have gotten the better level.In addition,it is effective to reduce the emission of the gas pollution.


In a collaborative effort between Army Research Lab (ARL) and Texas Tech University's center for Pulsed Power and Power Electronics (P3E) lab, a high power, high energy test bed meant to characterize experimental Si and SiC Super Gate Turn Off (SGTO) devices was designed and built. The system was engineered to run the devices through an arbitrary number of test cycles while recording all pertinent data automatically. Test parameters are set through a windows GUI which communicates with a microprocessor - based control system that orchestrates timing and settings of each subsystem as well as acquiring voltage and current waveforms with high speed ADCs operating simultaneously in parallel. The test waveform itself is generated by a Pulse Forming Network (PFN) which accurately controls rise time, fall time and pulse width. The PFN is charged by a Rapid Capacitor Charger (RCC) system designed at the P3E lab that is capable of 10 kW and allows precise charge voltage levels to be set. Waveforms are acquired through isolated probes specifically designed to capture desired signals even in the presence of a large bias voltages.


Polymer foaming with the process of extrusion assisted by supercritical CO 2 is based on the injection of a supercritical fluid, in our case carbon dioxide, in a polymer, which has been previously melted in the barrel of an extruder. Upon depressurisation that happens in the die, nucleated bubbles will appear and grow. Modelling the nucleation and growth is important to better understand and master the process. A suitable and specific mathematical formulation has been implemented to calculate the number and the size of the pores. A methodology consisting in discretizing the space, to bring back to a succession of batch models was the chosen approach and a functional algorithm has been developed. The model will be applied in the foaming process of poly-lactic acid PLA and will be compared to experimental results.


AABOE, ASGER, on the insignificance of Fourier expansions for the understanding of Ptolemy's models, 565 Agricola, Georgius, Ausgewahlte Werke: De natura fossilium libri X, rev., 239 Alan of Lille's Questiones, 181 Albrecht, F. M., on Russian physiology, 81 Allen, D. C., rev. of Mountain Gloom and Mountain Glory, 222 Anderson, Bern, Surveyor of the Seas, rev., 603 Anderson, Oscar E., Jr., rev. of Brighter Than a Thousand Suns, 117 Approximate theories in early research, query on, 207; answer to query, 567 Arber, Agnes, on Robert Sharrock (16301684), an exponent of "Natural Law" in the plant world, 3 Awards and Prizes: American Academy of Arts and Sciences monograph prizes, 82, 85 Dexter Chemical Corporation Award, 570 History of Dentistry Essay Prize, 207 National Science Foundation Grants, 339, 569 Pfizer Award for 1958, 85 Phi Beta Kappa Award in Science, 86 Prix Binoux, 86 Schuman Prize, 85 Urdang Medal, 568 William Osler Medal, 343


Some extensions to the standard model have been proposed, which require new fermions for the electroweak anomalies to cancel. We investigate some of these theories, and examine the possibility of cancelling the anomalies and yet preserve the charge quantization feature of the standard model.


Thank you very much for reading emergencies in medical practice. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their favorite novels like this emergencies in medical practice, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful virus inside their desktop computer. emergencies in medical practice is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the emergencies in medical practice is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Several years ago it occurred to me that a knowledge of the earlier stages in the lives of some of our Diurnal Lepidoptera might possibly be arrived at by obtaining eggs from impregnated females in captivity. My experiments began with the Hesperidæ as offering the greatest probability of success. As many females as could be procured (beaten ones preferred, as the likelihood of their impregnation was greater) were confined in separate boxes some with glass tops admitting right. others darkened. My success was greater than I had anticipated, but none attended the use of boxes where much light was admitted. whether the failure in the latter case was really due to the admission of light, I am not prepared to say ; the number of glass-covered boxes used was not proportionally large nor was their use long continued.


Digestion of human IgG globulins by proteolytic hydrolysis, in the presence of a reduction factor, yields 2 important fragments, separable by chromatography. A first fragment, which has an anodic behavior in agar gel electrophoresis, is called Fc, and a second one, which has a slow cathodic migration character, is identified as Fab. Fab and Fc fragments were prepared from control immunoglobulins and oligoclonal immunoglobulins of SSPE patients. Their sedimentation coefficients were calculated, and their electrophoretic and immunochemical behavior compared.


A Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a procedure for analysis of potential failure modes within a system for the classification by severity or determination of the failure's effect upon the system. It is widely used in the manufacturing industries in various phases of the product life cycle. Failure causes are any errors or defects in process, design, or item especially ones that affect the customer, and can be potential or actual. Effects analysis refers to studying the consequences of those failures.


A rise in temperature of 0.5 to 1 .O"C in the past century, resulting from an increased volume of atmospheric 'greenhouse' gases, has been caused by the burning of fossil fuels, industrial processes and agricultural activities. The consequences of this enhanced greenhouse effect by 2050 will be a 2.O"C rise in temperature, lower rainfall in eastern districts, and a 0.5 m rise in sea level. Likely impacts on the rural sector include the southward movement of crop types, the introduction of subtropical crops, an increase in the growing season, the shortening of crop maturation times, and an increase in the frost-free area. Water supplies may dwindle in eastern areas and more frequent, damaging cyclones might increase on-farm costs. Sea level rise may affect drainage in coastal areas and contaminate aquifers. Pests and weeds may increase in number and type. Strategic planning at farm and regional level is vital to accommodate the change.


Abstract We have recently developed a generalized JKR model for non-slipping adhesive contact between an elastic cylinder and a stretched substrate where both tangential and normal tractions are transmitted across the contact interface. Here we extend this model to a generalized Maugis–Dugdale model by adopting a Dugdale-type adhesive interaction law to eliminate the stress singularity near the edge of the contact zone. The non-slipping Maugis–Dugdale model is expected to have a broader range of validity in comparison with the non-slipping JKR model. The solution shares a number of common features with experimentally observed behaviors of cell reorientation on a cyclically stretched substrate.


the conclusion 'Pliny did not conform to the rules of a genre because there was no genre to conform to' (p. 241)? This statement seems to overrate the di¶erences and gives the impression that Pliny did not just contribute to the evolution and improvement of a genre still ·uid in its form, but created an entirely new one. It seems more likely that, while attempting to move epistolography in new directions, Pliny continues to feel that he is writing in the same genre, more or less, as Cicero. Horace, Persius and Juvenal are remarkably di¶erent from Lucilius and frequently deviate from his practices, but they all acknowledge Lucilius as the inuentor of their genre. Of course M. does not fail to recognise the existence of a tradition which included 'a set of already established epistolographic models' (p. 247) and properly underlines Pliny's debt to his poetic predecessors Horace and Ovid. This is a very interesting and enjoyable book with many insightful, not to say ingenious, remarks. It is well written with clever titles and helpful introductions, summaries, cross-references and conclusions in every chapter. It is possible that not all readers will be persuaded by all M.'s arguments, and sometimes she builds on slight evidence. However, this thought-provoking work is a signiμcant contribution not only to Plinian studies but also to the interpretation of the in·uence poetry has exercised on prose.


Presentation of poster 1127B at TAGC 2020 Online. Files include a PDF of the poster (Kasimatis_TAGC2020_Poster1127B.PDF) and a 10-minute video walkthrough of the poster material (Kasimatis_TAGC2020_PosterVideo.mp4).


ABSTRACT: Cover cropping impacts soil properties in many positive ways. These include higher total carbon, which usually contributes to increased cation exchange capacity and water-holding capacity. Enhanced soil physical and chemical properties, result in a better environment for the activity of soil microorganisms. We conducted a study of biological properties in no-till corn plots receiving either 0 or 168 kg N ha−1. Plots were planted in the fall each year with a hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), or no cover crop. The vetch cover resulted in the highest organic C accumulations, and the addition of N to the wheat or no cover plots increased C relative to the no N treatments. Soil organic C was not different between the vetch with and without N, but pH was significantly reduced by N fertilization. Hairy vetch had a greater effect on microbial numbers than did the wheat cover or no cover. The greatest bacterial numbers were observed in the vetch with no N treatment. Acidphosphatase, arylsulfatase, β-glucosidase and L-asparaginase activities were all higher in the vetch with no N treatment than any of the other combinations. In the wheat and no cover treatments, the enzyme activities mentioned earlier were all higher in the 168 kg N treatments. Soil treatments that increased soil organic C enhanced the activity of soil microorganisms and/or provided a better environment for the stabilization of microbially produced soil enzymes. Our data indicated that the use of cover crops significantly enhanced soil biological properties as measured by microbial numbers and enzyme activities. The use of cover crops provides soil quality benefits in addition to the reduction in soil loss attained with these systems.


Metaphor is highlighted as a way of cognition in the foreign language teaching field throughout the world.Many foreign linguists have put forward their especially worthy views on connotation of metaphoric competence,and point out that metaphoric competence is the competence of accurately recognizing and using metaphors,as well as the competence of creating metaphors in the process of communication.But the writer of the paper thinks that the competence of knowledge transplantation from the known to the unknown should be included.This paper will begin with the research history of metaphor,and then explore the origin and connotation of metaphoric competence,so as to apply it to foreign language teaching.


From among the technologies incorporated in the cyber-physical interaction layer connecting the real world and cyberspace towards achieving Digital Twin Computing, this article introduces biological-signal-decoding and feedback technologies to extend motor-function capabilities by feeding the results of operations done with a person's digital twin back to him/herself and zero latency media technology that enables operations that do not feel uncomfortable by feeding back a prediction presentation that eliminates delay and overcoming the physical distance of the real world and human perception of time.


As we all known,spam have been a very serious issue with Internet.Large quantities of useless,and even malicious mails not only have exhausted network resources,but also have threatened most of the mail users'data for the mail server will crash at any time because of spam.For Email is usually a form of simple text message,so we introduce a mechanism for information diffluence based on content.


In recent years, with the rapid development of modern science and technology, more and more logistics transportation systems have already entered the era of unmanned automation. While, in this area, automated guided technologies play a key role, and new automated guided methods will constantly be put forward. Firstly, this paper introduces the automated guided methods; secondly, it introduces the key technologies in the application of automated guided; finally, it investigates the trend of the automated guided methods.


Biological fouling organisms on fish cages represent a major issue and costly factor in marine finfish aquaculture. Cnidarians have been identified as one of the most problematical groups, contributing significantly to the occlusion and structural stress of the cage nets, but also dramatically affecting farmed species health in aquaculture facilities worldwide. Recently, significant relationships were established in different Spanish aquaculture facilities between hydrozoans and juvenile fish affected by gill injuries and mortality episodes. Community composition, growth rate and reproductive potential of biofouling were monitored on fish cages over two seasonal periods of fry cages farming, located in southern Spain (SW Alboran Sea), with a special focus on cnidarians. Biomass and community composition of biofouling changed with time and between studied periods, with a marked seasonality in colonization periods and taxonomic composition, particularly for the colonial hydrozoans. The hydroids Ectopleura larynx and Pennaria disticha were found at the highest densities. P. disticha was responsible for major biomass contribution to total hydroid biomass with the fastest growth rates. In addition, actinulae larvae of E. larynx were identified in zooplankton samples at high densities especially during periods of fry introduction in sea cages (when fish are highly vulnerable). These results corroborate evidence of the detrimental influence of fouling cnidarians in Mediterranean finfish aquaculture due to a direct harmful impact on fish health. Investigations on population dynamics, reproductive biology and envenomation potential of fouling hydrozoans should be regarded as key component of best monitoring practices to ensure good farmed fish welfare, maximization of aquaculture production and overall marine spatial planning.


In this paper, we propose a locomotion planning framework for a humanoid robot with stable whole-body collision avoidance motion, which enables the robot to traverse an unknown narrow space on the ...


As an emerging energy transmission technology, wireless power transfer (WPT) can supply power to various devices without physical contact, and solve the problems of interface aging and poor safety performance in wired transmission, which has broad application prospects. At present, many scholars have conducted in-depth research on WPT technology and active equalization of battery modules, but few people have applied WPT technology to the active equalization system for battery modules of electric vehicles (EVs). This paper studies and analyzes the principle of magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer and the phase-shifting synchronous control technology of double H-bridge converters. Based on the new LCC-S-S-LCC compensation topology, a new model suitable for the active working voltage equalization for battery modules of EVs is designed and a new control strategy of the equalization is innovatively proposed. Finally, a set of simulation platform for the equalization system of battery modules based on LCC-S-S-LCC topology with a frequency of 68kHz and a coupling mutual inductance of 8.1μH was built in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results show that the combination of the designed topology model and control strategy can effectively equalize the equalization system for battery modules to achieve the preset equalization effect.


This work aims at providing guidance through systematic experimental characterization for the design of 3D-printed scaffolds for potential orthopedic applications, focusing on fused deposition modeling with a composite of clinically available polycaprolactone (PCL) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). First, we studied the effect of the chemical composition (0–60% β-TCP/PCL) on the scaffold's properties. We showed that surface roughness and contact angle were, respectively, proportional and inversely proportional to the amount of β-TCP and that degradation rate increased with the amount of ceramic. Biologically, the addition of β-TCP enhanced proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of C3H10. Second, we systematically investigated the effect of the composition and the porosity on the 3D-printed scaffold mechanical properties. Both an increasing amount of β-TCP and a decreasing porosity augmented the apparent Young's modulus of the 3D-printed scaffolds. Third, as a proof of concept, a novel multimaterial biomimetic implant was designed and fabricated for potential disc replacement.


B leichrcder described central venous catheterization for the first time in 1912. However, the spectrum of its clinical application has broadened onIy recently [1]. Thereafter in 1929, Werner Forssman performed the first human cardiac catheterization on himself through the right basilic vein [2]. This landmark achievement has been the basis on monitoring cardiac performance, especially diastolic function, during anaesthesia and in intensive care units. ln addition central cannula provides excellent intravenous access for drugs, fluids and parenteral nutrition. Right internal jugular vein (UV) is the most popular site amongst anaesthcsiologists because of its easy access, short and straight course to superior vena cava and high success rate [3].


It is necessary to evaluate and analyze the factors of sports injury of the elderly in Chengdu and identify the risk in socialist mode of production. This paper investigated and analyzed the risk factors of sports injury of 60 ~ 80-year-old people in Chengdu City, such as organization management, participants, sports environment, etc.  The index system of Sports Injury Risk Assessment for the elderly was constructed, and the risk type was identified and the injury risk grade was classified by means of fuzzy judgment. The results showed that the causes of sports injury in the elderly included error in judgment, risk-taking behavior and sports facilities. 80% , 15. 10% , 14. 60% ; 45.50% of total risk factors . The main risk type of sports injury in the elderly is participant risk, which accounts for 63.96% of the total risk . Secondly, the risk of sports environment accounted for 39.70% of the total risk ; finally, the organization manages risk, accounting for only 12.65% of total risk . The conclusion of the study suggests that the elderly should strengthen their skills, safety knowledge and risk judgment to prevent the occurrence of injury risk.


A robustness problem of Cox's partial likelihood estimator is considered. It is proved that the asymptotic bias of the estimator may be of arbitrary size under infinitesimal departures from Cox's model. The practical validity of the asymptotic results is confirmed by a Simulation study carried out for relatively small samples.


Due to total angular momentum conservation of the system centre of mass, the spacecraft system becomes a nonholonomic one without considering the external forces moment acting on the system. In terms of this characteristic, the three-dimensional attitude control problem of the rigid spacecraft with three manipulators is discussed in the paper. The carrier's attitude defined by Calay parameters, the mathematical model of attitude control of rigid spacecraft with space manipulators is built.Then the optimal solutions are obtained by one kind of optimal algorithm-the genetic algorithm. The results of numerical simulation show that this approach is effective for the control problem of spacecraft attitude.


A frequency reconfigurable dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is presented with a water-loading mechanism in this paper. The resonant mode of the DRA is adjusted between the fundamental $$ and quasi- $$ modes. To demonstrate the proposed method., a solid dielectric material of K9 glass with the permittivity of 6.25 and a layer of water with the permittivity of 77 are selected to construct the DRA. The resonant frequency of the DRA could be switched between the states of 2.4 and 3.45 GHz by altering the flow of water within a container on the top of the DRA. Finally, The DRA is fabricated and measured, which performs with a stable realized gain and a decent total efficiency of the two states.


Thanks to the test function of Bian-Guan[2], we successfully obtain a constant rank theorem for partial convex solutions of a class partial differential equations. This is the microscopic version of the macroscopic partial convexity principle in [1], and also is a generalization of the result in [2].


An initial system dynamics model of railroad operations has been developed to study the effect of government track safety policies and railroad industry trends on track conditions in particular, and railroad operations in general. The focus of the model is the determinants of track wear and maintenance. In addition, operations policies, freight volume and transportation costs, and financial factors are included for a complete treatment of the important feedback relationships surrounding track condition. The full simulation model successfully integrates a broad range of information on railroad behavior. The model has guided data collection and analysis, and aided the interpretation of unexpected results. Sensitivity analysis has identified systems variables, particularly train speed, that have the most important impact on railroad operations and the success or failure of government safety opinions.


Mankind has blessed with variety of natural products which help us in day to day life. These extraordinary substances help us to treat different ailments of human beings and other pet animals. In the recent years ethnopharmaocology played a vital role in the undeveloped and developing countries of the Globe. Mono and multi ingredient herbal and non-herbal remedies as smoke practiced in different geographical regions of our globe. Present paper deals with some medicinal plants of Andhra Pradesh to treat different diseased with help of smoke therapy. Total 48 plant species of mono ingredient remedies, 16 plant species of multi ingredient remedies and 4 Non medicinal smokes with health benefits belonging to 30 families from Andhra Pradesh. Medicinal indications for smoke are respiratory tract, gynecological, narcotic, toothache, cough relief, chicken pox, skin diseases and neurological. The methods for administrating smoke are inhalation, smoke directed at a specific part of the body. The benefit of the smoke therapy is quick absorption and rapid relief.


Background: Hypertension is leading cause of deaths in the world. It is a modifiable and major risk factor for cardiovascular, renal and brain diseases. This study was done to see the current trend of prescription patterns of antihypertensive drugs in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal.
Materials and Methods: Observational cross sectional study was done in the patients with hypertension from September 2018 to September 2019 in the department of Medicine of Civil Service Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 242 Patients who were undergoing antihypertensive treatment were included. All calculations and statistical analyses are processed by the SPSS 25.0.
Results: Out of 242 prescriptions, 135(55.8%) were males, and 107(44.2%) were females. Among them, 49 (20.2%) patients had controlled Blood Pressure, 63(26%) patients had hypertension stage I and the remaining 130 patients (53.7%) patients had stage II hypertension. In the present study, 133 (54.96%) were treated with monotherapy while, 71 (29.33%) patients were prescribed with dual therapy. The most frequently prescribed drug as monotherapy was Calcium Channel Blocker in 71(53.3%) patients followed by Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in 38 (28.6%) and thiazide diuretics in 21 (15.7%) patients. Calcium Channel Blockers with Angiotensin Receptor Blockers was the most prescribed combination in 44 (62.1%) patients followed by Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Thiazide Diuretics in 19 (26.8%) patients.
Conclusion: Calcium channel blockers are the highest among the drugs that are used as monotherapy. In combination therapy, Calcium channel blockers with angiotensin receptor blocker and angiotensin receptor blockers with thiazide diuretics are the frequently prescribed drugs.


In order to meet the demands of fairness,justice and efficiency and objective of examination and assessment of teachers,this paper studies an online management system of examination and assessment of teachers based on J2EE distributed architecture and MSSQL SERVER database system.This system uses network to carry out assessment for teachers,to collect evaluation information and to make real-time analysis of the evaluation information.On the basis of today's mature software technology,according to the characteristics of business model of teaching evaluation,the system uses B/S distributed architecture and object-oriented design and programming method.With the best tools and advantages of advanced technology,the system is more intelligent.


Feed-forward multi-layer perceptrons (MLP) and recurrent neural networks (RNN) fed with different sets of acoustic features are proposed for computing the presence and absence of speech in continuous speech signal in presence of various levels of background noise. Detailed performance evaluations on voice activity detection (VAD) are reported using the Aurora2, Aurora3 and TIMIT corpora. It is shown that the best results are obtained with an RNN fed by the acoustic features used for automatic speech recognition (ASR) augmented by specific features. Detailed evaluations are also proposed for ASR using Aurora2 and the German, Italian and Spanish portions of the test set of the Aurora3 corpus. The highest word error rate (WER) reduction (16.9%) is obtained when the only-noise presence probability is used to modify the phone posterior probabilities used for speech decoding.


Previous studies have focused on the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). However, the results remain inconsistent and somehow conflicting in different subgroups. The aim of this study was to combine the findings of independent studies to comprehensively assess the association between HBV and NHL using a meta‐analysis. Relevant studies were identified through structured keyword searches in PubMed, EMBASE and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, and 58 studies with a total of 53 714 NHL cases and 1 778 591 controls were finally included. Pooled estimates indicated a significantly increased NHL risk in HBV‐infected individuals (summary odds ratio [sOR]: 2.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.20‐2.83) regardless of the study design (case–control studies: sOR: 2.47; 95% CI: 2.16‐2.82; cohort studies: sOR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.78‐3.91). Considerable heterogeneity was observed across studies that was primarily attributed to the NHL subtypes (meta‐regression: P < .05). Overall, B‐cell NHL (sOR: 2.46; 95% CI: 1.97‐3.07) presented a stronger association with HBV infection than T‐cell NHL (sOR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.34‐2.10). Within the B‐cell NHL subtypes, HBV infection was significantly associated with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL, sOR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.48‐2.88) and follicular lymphoma (FL, sOR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.11‐2.12), but not with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) and Burkitt lymphoma. The results of this meta‐analysis support a positive link between HBV infection and NHL development. Further investigations for the mechanisms underlying HBV‐induced NHL are warranted.


The progress and popularization of information technology, business use of information systems and rely on increasingly high level of information, business information systems used to replace repetitive manual tasks, become competitive weapon subsequently. Enterprises to use the convenience of information technology, but also prevent information leakage caused by the competitive threat, so the information security 』『 organization is an important issue can not be ignored. How companies make the best use of resources, effective implementation of information security policy and management, is the challenge of the project organization subsequently. Security specification was first proposed by the British National Standards Institute (British Standards Institute, BSI) in 1995 proposed Information Security Management System BS7799 (ISMS ︰ Information Security Management System) is to BS7799 Part I, in June 2005 to become ISO / IEC 17799 ︰ 2005 International Standard, BS7799 Part II in October 2005 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) formally adopted as ISO / IEC 27001 Information Security Management System ︰ 2005 standard, is now the most recognized by the international community and adopt the information security management standards. In this study, case study, the use of in-depth interviews and questionnaire survey, case discussion, Information Security Management System (ISMS ︰ Information Security Management System) and get information security certification, induction into the enterprise information security system of risk assessment of information assets Elements of the resistance faced by users of the benefits and differences between before and after import. Can be used as a reference for other enterprises to import and shorten the time of import process. And achieve continuous improvement requirements through the PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action) management cycle.


Background:  Abruptio placenta is the most common cause of antepartum haemorrhage which is defined as separation of normally situated placenta after 20 weeks of gestation and before birth of fetus. Obstetrical haemorrhage accounts for almost half of all postpartum deaths in developing countries.  Aim of study was to determine maternal and fetal outcome in pregnancy complicated by abruption.
Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at Gopinath maternity home, Sir T. Hospital, Bhavnagar. From MAY 2020 –APRIL 2021.all pregnant women came to labour room with diagnosis of abruptio placenta were included.
Results: Total patients of abruption Identified Are 33 out of 2683 deliveries giving incidence of 1.1% In this study. Most of them are found at 26-35 years of age with 33-36 weeks of gestation. It is associated with multiparity in 57.5%. Vaginal bleeding is the most common presenting complain followed by absent fetal movement. 72.7% cases had association with preeclampsia. There is higher LSCS rates (61%) as compared to vaginal deliveries (39%). Most common complication found is DIC (30.3%) and next common is ARF (24.2%).  case fatality rate of 6.06%. In our study 60.6% still birth and 39.3% live birth. Many of them required NICU admission.
Conclusion: Abruption is continued to be responsible cause of maternal and foetal adverse outcome. early detection and proper management prevents morbidity associated with it. Combined care is required for it.
Keywords: Abruptio placenta, risk factors, feto-maternal outcome.


This book is a very carefully structured argument against the widespread assumption that preschool children have no useful or reasoned number concepts. In a dozen or more cleverly done experiments by Gelman and her students, children from 3 to 5 years old are shown to count collections of twosix objects with much better than chance accuracy. A system of counting principles is adapted by Gelman and Galistell from Knopp (1952) which accounts for the progressive development of young children's counting skills. This is a landmark book because it is part of a reawakening of the cognitive psychology of children's arithmetic which made a strong beginning in the first half of this century but was reduced to the trickle of very narrow behavioristic studies in the 6O's exemplified by those of Suppes and his students, and the steady flow of epistemological studies of Piaget and his colleagues in Geneva. However, it does little to unify the diverse tendencies in its field. Its topic, counting, is a much neglected one, both in cognitive psychology and in mathematics education, but its assumption that counting is the basis for understanding number separates it sharply from Piagetians. The counting that children do in school has still been little studied, for the studies reported in this volume are of children from 3 to 5 years old. There is no appreciable overlap between this book and the classic work with a similar English title by Piaget and Szeminska (1941) that reports clinical studies of the origins of conservation, transitivity, class inclusion and seriation, ideas that are often thought to underlie arithmetic operations and make sense out of counting. It may be of some interest to note that several books on children's number ideas could be written without overlapping. This is further illustrated by Ginsburg's book (1977) which also employs clinical interviews but does not deal with epistemology. Essentially, the thesis of Gelman and Galistell is very clear: Young children learn to recite sequences of number names more or less accurately, depending mainly on how long the sequence is, but in counting collections of objects, they are consistent with three principles: (1) They try to attach their sequence of tokens (number names) to objects in 1-1 correspondence, and, with collections of 10 or fewer objects, they make few errors, mainly in starting or stopping (reminiscent of the puzzlement I feel over 1979 being in the 20th century); (2) They consistently use the same sequence of tokens in counting different collections, although the younger ones don't always use the conventional sequence or even the conventional tokens; (3) They identify the number of objects counted with the last token assigned. These principles seem to account as well for the behavior of 21⁄2-year-old children as they do for 5 and 6 year olds, although the number of objects children are willing to count, and to which they are able to apply these principles varies from around five objects at age 3 to around 10 objects at age 5.


5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin [T(p-NH2)PP] exhibited thermochromism in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. In the electronic spectrum at 77 K four Q bands largely shifted to longer wavelength and relative intensities changed. The electronic spectrum of T(p-NH2)PP was also influenced by the nature of solvents. In strong hydrogen-bond accepting solvents Q bands were red-shifted and the resulting spectrum resembles that recorded at low temperature. Based on the solvent effect and substituent effects, the thermochromism of T(p-NH2)PP can be attributed to enhancement of hydrogen-bonds between p-NH2 group and solvent molecules at lower temperature, which causes increase of effective electron-donating ability of p-NH2 group. In alcoholic solvents T(p-NH2)PP and T(p-OH)PP showed another type of temperature dependence of absorption spectra.


The Tecnicatura Universitaria in Social and Solidary Economy of Quilmes National University, Argentina, was designed and formalized as educational offer in the subject matter, in which the educational and territorial practices organized and / or assumed from the professional practices constitute the transverse prop where they agree the definitions of contents and formative strategies of the career. The teachers of the Tecnicatura are addressed by the radical challenge to which they are exposed in his practice: to continue constructing new collective subjectivities, from the interculturality as political offer, the ecology of knowledge, the recognition of the diversity in other one and in the own subjectivity, the wealth of the cultural digests of the territories, the construction of new university citizenships for the students of the Tecnicatura.


The study is devoted to analysis of limited lexical data of
Koguryo, the language of the ancient kingdom of the same name
in the Northeast of the Korean Peninsula from the 1st mill. AD.
The reconstructed data are compared with their Japanese
counterparts and possible cognates from other Altaic languages.
Finally the models of mutual relations between language stocks
of the Far East are presented.


The main purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the relationship between certain learning organization characteristics and change adaptation, innovation, and bottom-line organizational performance. The following learning organization characteristics were found to be the strongest predictors of rapid change adaptation, quick product or service introduction, and bottomline organizational performance: open communications and information sharing; risk taking and new idea promotion; and information, facts, time, and resource availability to perform one's job in a professional manner.


The Naṣrid kingdom of Granada was integrated into the dynamic space of contacts and exchanges that constituted the southern Mediterranean at this period. The Granadans benefitted from the important presence and commercial activity of the major Italian merchants, and from the systems of navigation by cabotage and micro-exchange that these merchants practised in the region. This facilitated the creation of an active platform of complementary markets that integrated the southern coasts of the Iberian Peninsula, the south of Italy, and the Maghribi coasts. In these markets, key roles were played by groups of local traders who were absent from the usual circuits of overseas commerce, dominated as it was by the great merchant communities. This article presents concrete cases of the relations that connected the Naṣrid world to these others through trade.


Barr Pharmaceuticals has received final FDA approval for galantamine, its generic version of Ortho McNeil Janssen's Razadyne ER, for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type.


The utility model relates to a printing ink dispersing, stirring and heating device which comprises an outer casing and an inner casing arranged in the outer casing. A heat insulating cavity is arranged between the outer casing and the inner casing; a rotating shaft is arranged at the bottom of the outer casing; the rotating shaft is connected with a rotating block used for rotating the inner casing; and a heater is arranged in the heat insulating cavity. The device has the advantages that the rotating block is arranged outside the inner casing, does not contact with printing ink, but stirs the oil ink, and accelerates the dissolution of the printing ink, so that printing ink with higher quality can be prepared.


A little customised software can substantially increase the benefits to be gained from a general-purpose CADCAM system. Often only relatively modest costs are involved. This article considers some typical applications for customising, the need for data links with other systems and some design and development issues.


Double incontinence-lesion of cauda equina 1. E. M., a girl of 5 years, was admitted to the hospital in November, 1938, because of double incontinence since birth. Examination revealed atrophy of the buttocks, a peculiar waddling gait, rectal sphincter not demon-strable, almost continuous urinary dribbling, absence of the lower sacrum and coccyx. Spinal lipiodol was unsuccessful because of subdural injection. Operation: Lumbo-sacral laminectomy, lysis of dense adhesions producing an hour-glass constriction of the cauda equina between L-5 and S-1. 2. P. R., a boy of 7 years, entered the hospital in January, 1939, because of double incontinence since repair of meningocele at age 2 weeks. Examination revealed scar in lumbo-sacral region, slight weakness of lower extremities , anesthesia of S-2, 3, 4, and 5 bilateral, rectal sphincter not demonstrable, frequent urinary dribbling. Spinal lipiodol demonstrated an hour-glass deformity between L-5 and S-1. Operation: Lumbo-sacral laminectomy, lysis of dense adhesions involving cauda equina. Convalescence uneventful. Teratoma of sp;nd cord-C-4 to S-2 E. L., a baby of 5 months, was admitted to the hospital in November, 1938, because of progressive weakness of the legs of 3 months' duration. Examination revealed fever, leukocytosis, flaccid paralysis of legs, irritability, rigidity of neck, weakness of upper extremities. Progressive paralysis of upper extremities occurred while under observation on Pediatrics service; repeated lumbar punctures unsuccessful. 1st operation: December, 1938, removal of intramedullary tumor C-4 to T-2. Pathological diagnosis: teratoma. 2nd operation: January, 1939, removal of intramedullary tumor T-2 to L-1. Marked improvement in upper extremities. 3rd operation: January, 1939, removal of intramedullary and cauda equina tumor L-1 to S-2. Beginning functional return in legs; instability of body temperature.


A procedure has been outlined for obtaining the scalar factors (reduced Wigner coefficients) of the unitary group U(nm) contains/implies U(n)(X)U(m). This has been done at the permutation group level for SN down arrow SN'(X)SN and the equality between the scalar factors of these two groups has been exploited. It has been shown that the scalar factors can be uniquely expressed in terms of the inner and outer product coupling coefficients of the permutation group. The ambiguity due to multiplicity is resolved at the level of the above coefficients.


Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that usually occurs in adults. Prevention of complications of diabetes mellitus can be done with several managements, which includes nutritional management, educational exercise and pharmacological therapy. In addition, factors that can support the prevention of complications include social support, family support and self-efficacy. This study aims to determine the relationship of social support, family and efficacy on the prevention of complications in diabetes mellitus sufferers at Palembang Health Center. This research is a quantitative study with an analytic survey design using a cross sectional design. The number of samples in this study was 46 respondents using the Kendall Tau statistical test. The results of the analysis using the Kendall Tau test showed that there was no relationship between social support and the prevention of complications with a value of p = 0.735. Then also found that there was no relationship between family support and prevention of complications of diabetes mellitus with a value of p = 0.76. While the results of the correlation test for the relationship between the efficacy of the prevention of complications of diabetes mellitus were also obtained p value = 0.323. From the results that have been obtained, it is expected that people with diabetes mellitus can prevent complications properly. In preventing complications in diabetes mellitus, it is hoped that it can involve families and people in the surrounding environment, so as to prevent complications maximally.


This paper extends application of the Margules-based phase-equilibrium uncertainty method to a system exhibiting a heterogeneous azeotrope. The author developed the method in order to provide pract...


Rebels and Robbers is about the political economy of violence in post-colonial Angola. This book provides the first comprehensive attempt at analyzing how the military and non-military dynamics of ...


We conducted from 6 to 21 February 2013 a study on the control of microbiological safety in the operating room of the Hospital of Mali. This is a quality approach to quickly detect weaknesses in the security system anti bioburden and also in the system of sterilization or storage. The study focused on the surfaces of surgical tables, soil, shadowless lamps, instruments sterilized for 24 hours, the sterilized instruments packaged and stored for 07-20 days and the fingers of two surgeons. Organic contamination levels well above 300 are seen on all surfaces cfu/cm2 taken for bacteria, yeasts for these levels vary between 0 and 720. Isolated bacteria are Pseudomonas sp and Staphylococcal coagulase negative. At surgeons fingers, the CFU number varies from 10 to 320 for bacteria and of 0 to 10 for yeasts. Systematization of such a quality approach reduces nosocomial infection risks.


Bootlegs gained notoriety in the 60s, when "bootlegs" became a symbol of the counterculture. They were basically the unreleased recordings and records of live performances and rarities that met the public who saw in this the possession of an exclusive material of their idols. With the advent of digital recording, piracy has gained a new dimension: now, we are no longer talking about non-commercial recordings that were released but about copies of commercial discs, whose main purpose was to generate profit for people not directly involved in the work or circulation of music on the web without the payment of copyright fees. This created a new relationship among artists, the market and the concept of "piracy", which led to the appearance of a new production order.


The utility model discloses a watchband formula electronic equipment and device that charges thereof, watchband formula electronic equipment includes the watchband and the table that has independent communication function is personally experienced sth. Part of the body, be provided with on the upper surface of watchband and accept the recess of the table body, table body detachable is liftoff embedded in the recess of watchband, do as stand -by power supply at the inside flexible battery that to follow the watchband deformation that is provided with of watchband the table body charges, when the conversation the table body can be followed take out in the watchband and realize the conversation. The utility model discloses a table body has independent communication function, when the use table body is telephoned, can take off from the watchband part showing to personally experience sth. Part of the body and realize the conversation function for show conversation nature physically, comfortable, and the watchband the inside stand -by power supply that can follow the watchband deformation that is provided with charge for the table body to the stand -by time of the extension table body. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, modern design, easily accepted by the consumer.


Photocatalytic oxidation of an outdated sample of Cefixime, a beta-lactam antibiotic, was carried in the presence of nanocrystalline ZnO catalyst prepared in-house and by using UV-light source. The degradation of cefixime was studied spectrophotometrically by measuring absorbance at λmax of 287.5 nm. Comparison with the photodegradation of the sample in the presence of a bulk ZnO sample proved that the process of degradation was accomplished much faster (almost within half the duration) only in the presence of the in-house prepared nano-crystalline ZnO at ambient temperatures. Kinetic study revealed that the process follows a first order dependence on cefixime concentration. Nano-crystalline catalyst of ZnO has promising potential to effectively degrade antibiotic samples within short durations.