OCIOLOGICAL research in the area of illness behaviour has shown that the S process of becoming a psychiatric patient is analogous to the process of acquiring a group membership. Not everyone who aspires to become a member of a group is accepted. As Merton has described the process, there are two dimensions along which non-members of a group can be classified: attitudes towards membership and eligibility. Those who aspire to membership and are eligible are candidates for membership while those who merely aspire but do not meet the qualifications for eligibility remain marginal. (16) Similar dimensions can be drawn for those who would be patients in psychotherapy. One dimension is symptomatology (aspiration) while the other is recognition of a problem or an illness (eligibility). Not all the persons who possess the symptoms of an illness find their way into treatment. Definition of the symptoms as part of an illness is also necessary before health facilities are used. Those with psychiatric symptoms who never arrive at this definition remain marginal to the psychotherapeutic process. The following quotation brings out these two dimensions


Multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antennas with different envelope correlation coefficients (ECCs) were designed and characterized in a reverberation chamber (RC) under different fading channels: urban macro, urban micro, and Rayleigh. The generation of different multipath environments and the procedures to estimate MIMO antenna figures of merit are described in detail. The experiment results show the MIMO antenna radiation efficiency remains unchanged as the multipath environment changes. In contrast to the radiation efficiency, ECC has discrepancies between the fading channels, indicating the effect of operating environments on MIMO antenna performance.


Islanding phenomenon of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) power generation system refer to their independent operation when the utility is disconnectied. Since the islanding phenomenon causes significant hazards to personnel and equipment, PV power generation systems are required to detect and prevent the islanding operation. The islanding detection meethods can be classified into two categories : passive and active methods. If the power mismatch of real and reactive power of between the load and renewable power generation systems are small, the detecting accuracy of passive methods might be lowered. On the other hand, active methods can allegedly deteriorate power quality. This paper proposes a novel anti-islanding method that enables islanding detection by using current command with phase difference. The proposed method is able to not only reduce the non-detection zone (NDZ) but also minimize power quality deterioration. To confirm the validity of the proposed method, this paper presents simulation results, it was recognized that the whole procedure, from removal of the grid to system shutdown, was completed within 0.5 seconds.


Low-dimensional ordered arrays of dielectric particles can possess bound optical modes having an extremely high quality factor depending on the material used. In this paper we address the following question: can bound modes be formed in dielectric systems where the absorption of light is negligible? Our investigation of circular arrays of spherical particles within the framework of the multisphere Mie scattering theory using the simplest dipolar-like approach shows that high quality modes in an array of 10 or more particles can be attained at least for a refractive index nr > 2; the most bound modes have nearly transverse polarization perpendicular to the circular plane; and in a particularly interesting case (TiO2 particles, nr = 2.7), the quality factor of the most bound mode increases almost by an order of magnitude with the addition of 10 extra particles, while for particles of GaAs the quality factor increases by almost two orders of magnitude. The error of the dipolar approach does not exceed one percent if nr >2. Minimum acceptable disordering not affecting the quality factor is also investigated.


A correlation between cluster velocity dispersion and average central galaxy density, N/sup c//sub 0.5/, is reported. The correlation covers the range from rich clusters to small groups of galaxies, or, in terms of velocity dispersion, from v/sub r/approx.1500 to approx.100 km s/sup -1/. The correlation satisfies N/sup c//sub 0.5/roughly-equal21(v/sub r//1000)/sup 1.2/. This result is useful for estimating unknown velocity dispersions in clusters with the aid of the relatively easily determined parameter N/sup c//sub 0.5/. When combined with the virial theorem, the above relation also suggests that the mass-to-light ratio of galaxy systems increases with the system's velocity dispersion.


There are many distorted and mistaken attitudes toward the doctor-patient relationship appeared in the current iatrical activities.For in the first place,the autonomy of the patients cannot carry out without difficulty,and secondly,the paternity which can ensure and swing the iatrical activities,has lost its ethical foundation.This essay has a basic opinion,which endeavors to the success and harmonious doctor-patient relationship,which is get rid of the dispute between autonomy and paternity,establish the federation of the doctor and patient on the base of respect and communicate.


Thoracotomy and minimally invasive video thoracoscopic surgery are the top two causes of short-term and chronic pain resulting from elective surgical procedures (1). Analgesia presents a substantial challenge in day to day practice for thoracic surgeons. Posterior intercostal nerve blocks (PINB) are one of several modalities to address this, and they can be quite effective for pain control.


The T2L2 (Time Transfer by Laser Link) scheme, based on the technology of satellite laser ranging (SLR), is a new means for remote clock synchronization. The T2L2 experiment was accepted in 2005 by CNES to be embarked on the ocean altimetry satellite Jason 2 as a passenger instrument. The first part of the present work treats the thorough characterization of the T2L2 flight instrument, comprising its calibration and the evaluation of its performance in terms of time/frequency metrology. These calibration and performance tests have been performed with a complex test bed, that has been developed at the Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur. Further, the work describes a complete performance budget of the time transfer scheme, including the space instrument as well as the ground segment and other contributors; it demonstrates the final performance of the whole laser-based time transfer: With a time stability of some picoseconds when integrating over a satellite pass, T2L2 will be able to compare today's most advanced clocks such as atomic fountains over continental distances. The absolute accuracy has been determined to be less than 50 ps in common view configuration. The second part of the present document is oriented to the extension of the technology used for SLR and T2L2 to the high-resolution measurement of absolute distances in space. This goal shall be reached by the use of frequency combs, thus combining time-of-flight measurements and interferometry. The presented work shows an important step towards the feasibility of this approach, the distance measurement by high rate event timing and phase measurement in order to reach on the wavelength threshold.


Phenol-formaldehyde-bonded particleboard was manufactured from blends of nondurable radiata pine (P.radiata) and heartwood of the naturally durable species, white cypress pine (C.glaucophylla). Board specimens were subjected to bioassays using two termite species, M.darwiniensis and C.acinaciformis, and the basidiomycete fungi, C.puteana and P.ostreatus, and the durability of specimens was compared with that of commercially manufactured particleboard specimens containing either insecticide or fungicide. Measurements of the physical properties of specimens were also made. The aims were to determine whether the natural durability or physical properties of the boards were modified by the addition of cypress pine and if the durability of boards was comparable to that of boards containing insecticide or fungicide. Particleboard specimens containing cypress pine showed increased durability compared to specimens consisting entirely of radiata pine. There was an inverse relationship between the percentage of cypress pine and mass losses of specimens during the bioassays. Cypress pine specimens, except those consisting entirely of cypress pine, were significantly less resistant to attack by C.acinaciformis than specimens containing insecticide. In contrast, the mass losses of specimens containing 25 percent or more of cypress pine during exposure to M.darwiniensis were not significantly different from those of specimens containing insecticide. Specimens containing 75 percent or more of cypress pine possessed similar decay resistance as specimens containing fungicide. There was an inverse relationship between the percentage of cypress pine and dry modulus of rupture (MOR) and internal bond strength, but specimens containing higher percentages of cypress pine showed less thickness swelling and loss of MOR on immersion in water.


The purpose of this and the preceding article on problem-oriented peer review is to offer to the nurse practitioner a tool by which the patient's primary care can be evaluated and audited within the time limits of an active nursing practice. Part One described the problem-oriented audit system and its application to the practice of the primary nurse in the hospital. Part Two will describe the problem-oriented peer review's application to the practice of the primary nurse who functions in acute care and in outpatient settings.


Douglas MacInnes gives an over view of the process of per forming a systematic review, how it is communicated and what to consider when making judgments about the information it contains.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the prevalence and severity of periodontitis (P) among Italian patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

MATERIALS & METHODS
A full-mouth periodontal examination and a rheumatologic examination were performed. RA disease activity was scored using the DAS28. Serum analyses investigated levels of rheumatoid factor, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and fibrinogen. Information concerning smoking, body mass index and RA medical therapy was collected. Data were analyzed by Student's t test, χ2 test, binary logistic regression and Spearman rank.

RESULTS
This cross-sectional study included 120 subjects, 77 had both diseases while 43 only had RA. The number of teeth present was statistically lower in the RA-P compared to the RA group (p < 0.05). There were statistically more subjects seropositive for ACPAs in the RA-P group (62.3% versus 32.6%, p < 0.05). RA-P patients had an adjusted OR = 2.9 of presenting a moderate-severe DAS28 score (DAS28 ≥ 3.2).

CONCLUSIONS
Higher prevalence of severe P was noted among RA subjects. The clinical severity of RA was strongly correlated with the clinical periodontal parameters and RA subjects also affected by P had an OR of 2.9 for presenting with a moderate-severe RA (DAS28 score ≥ 3.2).


This letter compares the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) performance of three different voltage regulator integrated circuits (ICs) (i.e., UA78L05, L78L05, and MC78L05) developed by three different manufacturers, with similar functionality and pin compatibility, under the influence of low and high temperature stress conditions (i.e., −30 °C and +100 °C). Direct power injection (DPI) was performed on these ICs to analyze the impact of applying thermal stress on the conducted immunity to the injection of a single-tone RF disturbance signal. The DPI immunity parameters were measured and recorded in real time for an incident amplified power, while the ICs were exposed to low and high thermal stress conditions. It was demonstrated that the minimum injected power required to reach the defined failure threshold voltage criterion $(\pm 4$ %) varied over frequency depending on the ICs. Moreover, these functionally identical ICs showed significant evolution of their conducted immunity in all the considered temperatures, depending on their manufacturer. Input impedance curves were monitored at low, high, and nominal temperatures, showing a noticeable decline of impedance at high frequencies. Moreover, the equivalent $RLC$ values of the lumped elements (i.e., resistor, inductor, and capacitor) were extracted and compared at these aforementioned temperature conditions to model the power supply network impedance for the selected ICs. The immunity behavior of these ICs was further investigated by generating lookup table data from the DPI measurements.


A three-phase series power quality controller (SPQC) is a device designed for eliminating voltage disturbances. It compensates load-voltage fluctuation by injecting an appropriate voltage into the distribution system. The maximum output voltage of an SPQC is constrained by its voltage limit, which is determined by the configuration of the SPQC and its DC link voltage. Based on discussions about unbalanced voltage sags using the phasor-diagram approach, a rotation-transform-based control strategy is designed. With the new method, the active power injected by an SPQC is minimised and the output voltages of the SPQC are kept within its voltage limit while the supply voltage distortion can be completely compensated. A two-phase compensation method especially for a 3-phase 3-wire system is also proposed in this paper. A new control strategy, a shift-transform-based control strategy for the two-phase compensation method, is designed. The new control strategy allows the compensation range of an SPQC to be significantly expanded without increasing the voltage limit of the device. The performance of the two new control strategies is verified by simulation.


The chapter deals with some fundamentals about analysis and manipulation of discrete signals and systems, and about discretization of linear systems


Background: Northern Italy was the first area outside China to be involved in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This observational study depicts SARS-CoV-2 prevalence and serological curves among first-line healthcare workers (HCWs) at Padua University Hospital (PdUH), North East Italy. Method: 344 first-line HCWs underwent a SARS-CoV-2 RNA nasopharyngeal swab with paired IgM and IgG antibody detection for 4 consecutive weeks and after a follow up of 5 months. Results: Twenty-seven HCWs (7.84%) had positive serology (Abs) with 12 positive swabs during the study period. Two additional HCWs were positive by swab but without Abs. Fourteen cases (4%) had SARS-CoV-2 infection before the beginning of the study. An HCW with autoimmune disease showed false Ab results. 46% of individuals with Abs reported no symptoms. Fever, nasal congestion, diarrhoea and contacts with SARS-CoV-2 individuals correlated to SARS-CoV-2 infection. 96% of Abs+ cases showed persistent positive antibodies 5 months later and none was re-


Raised intracranial pressure in the absence of an intracranial mass or hydrocephalus (BIH or pseudotumor cerebri) has been described in association with many conditions including SLE. Several pathogenic pathways tie BIH with SLE as thrombotic obliteration of cerebral arteriolar and venous systems and immune complex deposition within the arachnoid villi that are responsible for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption. The diagnosis of BIH was confirmed by increased intracranial pressure in the absence of any abnormal radiological findings of the brain. We report a young woman with SLE complicated by BIH which resolved with corticosteroid therapy and osmotic diuretics. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2016; 34(2): 104-107


Collaboration between teachers and special education teachers is a vital factor in ensuring the success of the implementation of the Inclusive Education Programs especially in the teaching and learning aspects. Until 2016, there is no detailed document or information regarding how the collaboration is conducted or implemented in the inclusive classrooms. Therefore, this study is aimed to explore how collaboration is conducted and implemented in the Inclusive Special Education Program classrooms, particularly identifying the stages of collaboration and approach used in the inclusive classrooms. To achieve this, a survey questionnaire was used as an instrument for this study and it is conducted on 53 schools and 441 participants including headmasters, senior assistant principals for special education teachers, subject teachers and special education teacher. Results showed that most of the participants are at the "committing to continuing the partnership" stage (mean score = 4.17, SD = 0.74). The type of collaboration approach that are usually being used is the "collaboration-consultation" approach (mean score= 4.27, SD = 0.74). A successful inclusive classroom can be achieved through multiple approaches of collaboration. Therefore, knowledge and skills about collaboration technique should be trained to general and special education teacher.


The Mayfly pattern describes an implementation approach to constructing interfaces for efficient data structures. In Nature, the mayfly is a creature well known for its short life span. Similarly, for our purposes, a Mayfly is a temporary object that resides on the stack or only in registers (never in the heap). All of its member functions are typically inlined and it is always passed by value. These characteristics make Mayfly objects ideal for providing lightweight interfaces to efficient array-based data structures such as compressed matrices, graphs, heaps, and trees. The Mayfly pattern cuts across several other patterns. For instance, many of the iterators in the Standard Template Library (STL [1, 19]) are Mayflies. Among the Mayflies described in this paper will be some Adapter [3] 1 and Aggregate [3, 14] objects.


In order to improve the speed control performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and enhance the anti-interference ability of the system, a new power reaching law (NPRL) is proposed. Based on the power reaching law (PRL), the system state variable term is added, and the saturation function of variable boundary layer is used to replace the original switching function to suppress the inherent chattering phenomenon of sliding-mode control. Afterwards, the PMSM speed controller is designed based on the NPRL, and the stability analysis is validated by the Lyapunov function. Finally, the simulation and experimental results show that compared with PI, NPRL can effectively improve the dynamic performance and robustness of PMSM speed regulation system.


Healthcare resources are finite commodities, yet have to appease competing healthcare demands. Unless healthcare resources are fairly distributed, most indigent Nigerians, who have glaucoma, would continue to suffer visual impairment and a worsened social life. This work categorizes healthcare resource allocation and provides justice-based arguments for funding glaucoma treatment by Nigeria. The arguments considered approaches to justice, especially Hippocrates, Marx, Rawls, Aristotle, utilitarianism, egalitarianism, communitarianism, capability theory, well-being, and fair opportunity rule. Finally, justice-based healthcare rationing and two-tiered healthcare model are discussed. A proposal for general health insurance funded tier 1 of the two-tiered health care that provides universal cost-free basic health care for diseases of public health importance, including glaucoma, is made.


Recent changes in welfare policy that require women to work have been particularly controversial for survivors of partner violence. This article explores the relationship between partner violence and work through time in an ethnically diverse longitudinal sample of 285 extremely poor women. Controlling for a variety of factors, women who experienced physical aggression/violence by male partners during a 12-month period had only one third the odds of maintaining employment for at least 30 hours per week for 6 months or more during the subsequent year as did women without these experiences. The study has important implications for welfare-to-work programming and public policy.


Background: Burns always have posed a threat to the sensitive human body. It is a common catastrophe today as burn injury cases are one of the common emergencies admitted to any hospital. In a medico-legal setting, the main difficulty arises when a burnt body found in unknown circumstances is brought for post-mortem examination. In such a case, a forensic expert has to opine whether the burn injuries sustained are antemortem or post-mortem. It is also of paramount importance to determine the age of burn injuries sustained. Aging of burn injuries by the naked eye is sometimes difficult and unreliable. By histopathological examination of burnt tissue, one can predict whether the victim was alive or dead when the fire was going on and determine the age of burn injuries. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Pt. B.D.Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak. Total 3033 autopsies were conducted in the mortuary of the Department of Forensic Medicine andToxicology, PGIMS, Rohtak, from November 5, 2011`to November 5, 2013. During that period, out of 486 cases reported burns, randomly 100 cases were selected for this study. Results and Conclusions: In the present study, efforts were made to determine burn wound vitality and age by histopathological evaluation. The study revealed that the inflammatory infiltrate consisted mainly of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in initial stages (up to 3rd-day post-burn) with gradual lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts forming immature granulation tissue. On the 14th-day post-burn, the burn wound revealed repair by regeneration, increased collagen deposition, fibrosis, and granulation tissue formation. It was infiltrated with fibroblasts, macrophages, and lymphocytes. Our study demonstrated that evaluation of various histopathological changes occurring during the distinctive phases of burn wound healing help in the estimation of its vitality and age.


xperience of Japan, France, the United States and other developed countries. Furthermore, there is a need to try to improve non-governmental innovation policies and solve the problem of private innovation funds from giving national treatment to non-governmental researchers and non-governmental scientific and technological innovation activities, giving priority to evaluation conditions and equal protection of folk scientific and technological research achievements, promoting the marketization of non-governmental innovative scientific and technological achievements, and attaching importance to the cultivation of innovative talents, forming independent innovation and entrepreneurial talent resources, and establishing non-governmental innovation funds and other aspects.


River basin areas often associated with agriculture, industry and housing are the major source of pollution. This paper was conducted to determine biokinetic coefficients of pilot scale biofilm reactor. The biofilm reactor system (BRS) was installed on Langat River; Malaysia. The system was operated 65 days with different concentrations of mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS).Parameters  in the influent and effluent of biofilm reactor were determined and biokinetic coefficients of maximum substrate utilization rate (K), half velocity constant (KS), cell yield coefficients (Y), decay coefficient (Kd), and maximum specific growth rate (µmax) were evaluated by Monod equations. Results showed that; the coefficients K, Ks, Y,Kd , and µmax were 1.39 day-1, 53.22 mg/L, 0.302 day-1,0.067 day-1 , and 1.936 day-1. It be can conclude that, all coefficients were in the range of active sludge coefficients that are mentioned in the literature.


BLAKLEY, CHRISTOPHER M. Visions of Terrestrial Happiness: Natural History, Empire, and the Environment of Colonial North America, 1751-1791. (Under the direction of Dr. Judy Kertész). Knowledge of nature, both scientific and literary, became a political discourse in colonial America and the early republic. Eighteenth century representations of nature functioned in the imaginary of the colonial Anglo-American republic of letters as an emblem of order, harmony, and economic and political potential. Circulation of plants, rocks, animals, technology, and ideas across the Atlantic World enabled a discourse of natural history that sought to describe, and thus imagine, what exactly was natural in North America. Natural history enveloped Native American polities into the discourse of nature by representing them as objects within a landscape. This thesis examines the explorations and writings of John and William Bartram; it seeks to reinterpret of their careers to recover the latent political motivations and consequences of their explorations into the territories of a number of indigenous American polities from the 1740s to the 1770s. Writing about the environment of the western and southeastern frontiers, the Bartrams constructed representations of colonial America as a garden. This image of the continent functioned first as an extension of the natural development of the British Empire and second as a natural site of the republican empire of the American nation. Ideas originating from taxonomy, economics, the sublime, and theology informed how the Bartrams read and described Nature and the indigenous polities of North America. © Copyright 2012 by Christopher Blakley All Rights Reserved Visions of Terrestrial Happiness: Natural History, Empire, and the Environment of Colonial North America, 1751 1791 by Christopher Blakley A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts


Electron grid therapy is expected to be a valid treatment for bulky superficial tumors. It is difficult, however, to fit irradiation fields to bulky superficial tumor shapes for conventional electron grid therapy with a cerrobend grid collimator. In this study, we investigated whether a grid collimator using tungsten functional paper (TFP), with its radiation shielding ability, could be used for electron grid therapy. Dose distributions were measured using 9 MeV electron grid beams from a cerrobend grid collimator. For the simulation study, the same grid irradiation fields were shaped using a TFP grid collimator (thicknesses of 0.15, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 cm) by laying them on a phantom. We then determined the dose distributions using Monte Carlo calculations and compared the cerrobend and TFP electron grid beams regarding dose distributions, including the depths of the maximum dose (dmax), 90% dose (d90), and 80% dose (d80), and the ratios of the doses in the areas with and without shielding (valley to peak ratios). The equivalent dosimetric thickness was obtained with the TFP grid collimator that was equivalent to the dose distribution of the cerrobend grid collimator. For the cerrobend electron grid beams, the dmax, d90, and d80 were 1.0, 2.1, and 2.5 cm, respectively, and the valley to peak ratios at those depths were 0.48, 0.66, and 0.73, respectively. The equivalent dosimetric thickness of TFP was 0.52 cm. The dmax, d90, and d80 for the 0.52 cm thick TFP electron grid beams were 1.1, 1.9, and 2.3 cm, respectively, and the valley to peak ratios at those depths were 0.49, 0.63, and 0.71, respectively. The TFP grid collimator flexibly delivered excellent dose distributions by simply attaching it to the patient's skin. It could thus be used for electron grid therapy instead of the cerrobend grid collimator.


International exports now make up almost 40% of Ontario's Output (GDP) and the US remains Ontario's most important international customer, with Michigan, New York, Ohio and Illinois being the most significant destinations. Interprovincial "exports" have declined in value as well as a proportion of Ontario's output. Road transport continues to be the most important mode for moving exports from Ontario. Ontario's ports of entry/exit are important to other provinces particularly Quebec, 37% of whose exports are cleared in Ontario. Since the road mode is important in the movement of exports at these points, the importance of Highways 401, 402 and the Queen Elizabeth Way is underlined.


In this study, the thermoeconometric feasibility of a 12.5 kW solar thermal power system is discussed. A previous study by these authors examined five potential 12.5kW solar thermal cycles and preliminary thermoeconometric analyses based on the collector area. The current study expands to six potential power cycles, including the five from the previous study, the Rankine, R123 Organic Rankine, toluene Organic Rankine, ethylbenzene organic Rankine, and the Kalina cycle, with the addition of the Maloney-Robertson cycle as well as detailed cost analysis for the components associated with each cycle. A detailed first law thermodynamic analysis for the Maloney-Robertson and Kalina cycles is presented. Likewise, the pinch point analysis is used for the inclusion of the sink and source stream as well as a developed heat exchanger model. The thermoeconometric study includes cost-per-component estimates for all of the components in the cycles; thus, increased component cost is taken into account for the ammonia-water cycles. The findings from this study show that R123 is the only cycle that operates with a source temperature below 225°C within the cycle applied operating constraints for meso-scale distributed power generation.. When higher temperatures are achieved, the Kalina cycle has the highest thermal efficiency but also the highest cost-to-efficiency ratio. Therefore, the thermoeconometrics study shows that the toluene and ethylbenzene ORCs have the lowest cost-to-efficiency ratio when source temperatures reach 225°C to 350°C even though they do not have the highest cycle efficiencies.© 2009 ASME


The article introduces two problems of the professional ethics of the legal operators: the ownership of rights that lawyers must represent and the objectives that should be protected in the litigation. The discussion focuses on the representation, offered by several films, of the lawyer's role in the processes and of his ethical and legal obligations towards his clients.


Constructing efficient catalysts for N2 reduction into value added ammonia under ambient conditions is a considerable challenge. Herein, well-defined single-site metal–organic frameworks (MOFs, M–TCPP; M = Fe, Co, or Zn) were constructed and evaluated as electrocatalysts for N2 reduction. The prepared Fe–TCPP exhibited prominent performance with a high NH3 yield of 44.77 μg h−1 mgcat.−1 and a faradaic efficiency of 16.23%, superior to that of all the reported molecular and MOF catalysts. The superior performance was ascribed to the highly effective N2 activation at the Fe site, and benefited from the overall reaction thermodynamics advantage in the key reaction step of *NNH formation. This study gives an understanding of the intrinsic activity of well-defined catalysts in the electrocatalytic N2 reduction, and provides atomic-level insights into the rational design and engineering of highly active catalysts for artificial N2 fixation.


Under Project Prometheus, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) investigated deep space missions that would utilize space nuclear power systems (SNPSs) to provide energy for propulsion and spacecraft power. The initial study involved the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO), which was proposed to conduct in-depth studies of three Jovian moons. Current radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) and solar power systems cannot meet expected mission power demands, which include propulsion, scientific instrument packages, and communications. Historically, RTGs have provided long-lived, highly reliable, low-power-level systems. Solar power systems can provide much greater levels of power, but power density levels decrease dramatically at {approx} 1.5 astronomical units (AU) and beyond. Alternatively, an SNPS can supply high-sustained power for space applications that is both reliable and mass efficient. Terrestrial nuclear reactors employ varying degrees of human control and decision-making for operations and benefit from periodic human interaction for maintenance. In contrast, the control system of an SNPS must be able to provide continuous operatio for the mission duration with limited immediate human interaction and no opportunity for hardware maintenance or sensor calibration. In effect, the SNPS control system must be able to independently operate the power plant while maintaining power production even when subjectmore » to off-normal events and component failure. This capability is critical because it will not be possible to rely upon continuous, immediate human interaction for control due to communications delays and periods of planetary occlusion. In addition, uncertainties, rare events, and component degradation combine with the aforementioned inaccessibility and unattended operation to pose unique challenges that an SNPS control system must accommodate. Autonomous control is needed to address these challenges and optimize the reactor control design.« less


This work examines the current status of the fields of psychology and mental health as they continue to unravel the origins of mental illness and psychological disorders and the means to prevent or alleviate their symptoms.


This paper expounds the definition of competitive intelligence,discusses the principles,paths and strategies of the collection of enterprise competitive intelligence under the network environment,and points out that the cost and benefit should be emphasized in the process of information collection for promoting the better existence and development of enterprise in competitive environment.


Studies in vitro and in vivo have clearly demonstrated the efficiency of the novel anti‐cancer peptides PNC‐27 and PNC‐28 in inducing the death of a variety of cancer cells by necrosis without any effect on normal cells. The peptides were derived from the HDM2‐binding domain of p53 (PNC‐27: AA12‐26; PNC‐28: AA17‐26) that were linked to membrane resident peptide (MRP) AA sequence from the homeodomain protein antennapedia of the fruit fly. Recently we have shown that in contrast to the necrotic cell death of cancer cells by external application of PNC‐28, the intracellular over‐expression of AAs17‐26 results in the cancer cells9 apoptosis while normal cells showed no response. We now provide evidence for the critical role for the expression of HDM2 in the plasma membrane of cancer cells and its absence in the plasma membrane of normal cells as a target molecule for PNC‐27. In direct competition experiments anti‐HDM2 antibodies (Ab) blocked PNC‐27 induced cell killing by >80% while control incubations with non‐specific Ab at identical protein concentrations did not hinder PNC‐27 from efficiently killing cancer cells. Immunofluorescence staining of HDM2 showed the presence of HDM2 on the plasma membrane of cancer cells (MIA‐PaCa‐2, BMRPA1.TUC3, A2058) which was absent in normal cell plasma membrane. Furthermore, co‐localization of HDM2 and PNC‐27 was observed on the plasma membrane of the cancer cells, suggesting their neighborliness. The findings were further confirmed by HDM2‐positive immunoblots (IB) of purified plasma membrane from several cancer cells while plasma membrane isolated from healthy normal cells only delivered negative IB results. Real‐time imaging using spinning disc confocal microscopy show that exposure to PNC‐27 of MIA PaCa‐2 cells preloaded with mitotracker dye in presence of propidium iodide (PI) results in the expansion within Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):C51.


This book on the evolution of social policy in the European Community is strictly for the specialist. It is, in the author's own words, "essentially descriptive of the social tasks faced during the years from 1958 to 1972" (p. 39). The study is informed by a humane sense of the importance of social policy for the lives of European workers. It is also a comprehensive and well-balanced piece of research. In the final analysis, however, I found the book disappointing, because it is neither analytically revealing, nor of much policy interest beyond its wealth of descriptive detail. The two parts of the book describe, respectively, the application of discrete portions of the treaty dealing with particular aspects of social policy (employment, wages and working conditions, free movement, and social services) and the more general efforts to harmonize national social policies and/or develop a distinctive European social policy. This approach is reasonably serviceable for the author's descriptive purposes, although it does lead to a certain amount of repetition as substantive policy problems reappear in different contexts. While on editorial matters, it should be pointed out that the writing is rather cumbersome and wordy, with a good many sentences of forbidding length and complex structure. The book concludes with a sober but not gloomy assessment of the Community's accomplishments and with a kind of agenda for the future.


SUMMARY Decisions are typically guided by what we have experienced in the past. However, when direct experience is unavailable, animals and humans can imagine or infer the future to make choices. Outcome expectations that are based on direct experience and inference may compete for guiding behavior [1, 2], and they may recruit distinct but overlapping brain circuits [3–5]. In rodents, the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) contains neural signatures of inferred outcomes and is necessary for behavior that requires inference, but it is not necessary when responding can be based on direct experience [6–10]. In humans, OFC activity is also correlated with inferred outcome expectations [11, 12], but it is unclear whether the human OFC is selectively required for inference-based behavior. To test this, here we used non-invasive targeted continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) [13] to inactivate the human OFC in a sensory preconditioning task designed to isolate inference-based behavior from responding that can be based on direct experience [6, 12, 14]. We show that OFC-targeted cTBS disrupts reward-related behavior only in conditions in which outcome expectations have to be mentally inferred, but that it does not impair behavior that can be based on stimulus-outcome associations that were directly experienced. These findings suggest that OFC is necessary for decision making when outcomes have to be mentally simulated, providing converging cross-species evidence for a critical role of OFC in model-based but not model-free behavior.


During winter 2003-2004, advertising posters in the Parisian subway were massively marked by traces of polyphonic and polygraphic activities that denounced both the (over)presence and the meaning of advertisement. We constituted a quite large photographic corpus of these traces, analyzed from a practice-based linguistic/semantical approach. This analysis has pointed out a slogan work which presents particular interactional and stylistic characteristics and which accounts for differents moments of the "anti-pub" mouvement. While diversifying contents, recipients and effects on the (already) initiated ideologically-grounded debate, individual activities have contributed to the legitimization and the development of the "anti-ad" debate itself: all observed traces both exploited and adapted to spatial and symbolic constraints/resources. Standardized and creative, institutional and individual, mechanical and hand-made, various slogans deployed different agencies and semantic figures, and all talked about a disputed public space. Traces that inform about the conditions of protest practices' emergence, and, more widely, about a given socio-political context seen from the perspective of participants. Finally, we address the way challenging of advertising presence and meaning also leads to commercial and political repositioning of the fundamental institutions involved with advertisement demand, creation and regulation.


Repair of any concrete structure results in formation of complex two-component repaired concrete-repair material systems. Good co-operation requires compatibility of the whole system. In L. Czarnecki's approach, a number of inequalities defining good compatibility requirements has been formulated for three main models of repair systems: injection, structural surfacing and coating. In this paper, the previously formulated compatibility coating model was adapted for meeting specific properties of elasticized PCC coating as well as the requirements of the EN 1504-2. The computer simulations were performed for three various values of coating thickness, maximum crack width and its opening variation. The usability of compatibility approach was also confirmed in practice during selection of coating for protection of concrete walls in the concrete sewage aeration tank. The obtained results clearly demonstrate the efficiency of the compatibility approach.


A flowering of recent research has sought to demonstrate that an abundance of social capital in at-risk communities is the key to individual and collective resilience, adaptation, and even survival in a crisis. Surprisingly little work, however, has investigated the conditions under which social capital might also contribute to social and institutional paralysis in times of sustained uncertainty and upheaval, and particularly in response to the increasingly salient global climate crisis. This research draws upon fieldwork in three of climate change's most endangered canaries in the coal mine - Russia, Alaska, and Canada - to elaborate those conditions. I employ interviews, participant observation, and original survey and experimental data to build upon third face of power theories and show that good social capital can go very, very bad in communities that have have historically been engineered into acquiescence at the hands of a disempowering state. If the conventional wisdom holds that social capital is an asset to communities in crisis because it builds trust, encourages reciprocity, facilitates collective action, and encourages creative problem-solving and institutional innovation, I want to suggest that, under certain conditions of permanent, routinized crisis, social capital actually becomes a critical barrier to change by imposing coercive norms, incentivizing community sanctioning, polarizing debate, and rewarding and reifying the status quo.


The purpose of this study was to analyze attachment and empathy in university students. The methodology used was quantitative and three evaluation instruments, already checked in previous researches for the Portuguese population, were used, and a sociodemographic questionnaire was also administered. The sample consisted of 183 1st degree students, who were divided into three areas of training, namely engineering, technology and sciences, law and political science, and psychology, education and sport. Statistical analysis in the test of Drawing circles representatives of familiar relationships made it possible to establish correlations between empathy and the perception of the relationship in childhood with the mothers, but not with the fathers. We found a lower level of empathy and personal discomfort in students who reported a disease occurrence in the last year, through the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, Davis - IRI, and, on the other hand, we found a positive relationship between Secure attachment and the auto perception of the level of perception of a good health. In insecure attachment type preoccupied, the students that had in the last year a disease, had a negative relation with the perception of the level of health in the questionnaire. Students from the field of psychology, education and sport courses had higher and statistically significant empathy values than students in the field of science, engineering and technology, in addition, had a higher average value of empathy in the 1st year of the course, than in the 3rd year of the curriculum. We also found a statistically significant correlation between empathy and different types of insecure attachment, according to the Bartholomew typology identified in the Adult Attachment Scale (EVA) used.


This paper presents a study on the prediction of the fatigue-life response of a number of paper samples under cyclic loading and the effects of polymer impregnation on the fracture of paper. A specific method of patterned polymer impregnation into various kinds of handsheets was carried out. Both un-impregnated and polymer-impregnated samples were subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading tests as well as some other basic tests. An empirical equation for the fatigue-life response of paper samples tested was developed. On the load versus number of cycles curve, simulated and experimentally obtained data were found to be in a good agreement. Both the origin of the fibres used and the method by which pulp was produced were observed to have great effects on the basic properties and fatigue-life response of papers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that during the fracture of paper, polymer impregnated regions were quite effective in retarding and deflecting the crack propagation from its initial direction.


As a starting point this article intends to undertake a review of Freud's main commentaries concerning Education. It then proceeds by approaching some contemporary words on the subject, in which the connections between both fields Psychoanalysis and Education are reestablished. Subsequently the article presents an overview of the renewal proposed by Winnicott's thinking in relation to such questions assuming the notions of creativity, potential space and play as the main point. It then briefly reports an experience of intervention in a school according to the psychoanalytical point of view. Thereby we can have an initial idea of the sort of work that favors transformation in the potentiality of participants in the school scenery, in a space where the encounter between Psychoanalysis and Education is a possibility.


Duringthelastfewdecades,arapiddevelopmenthastakenplace in the exploration and development of cancer drugs, including cytostatics,endocrineagents(firstgenerationoftargeteddrugs),andmore recently, a new generation of targeted drugs. This development was facilitated by a marked increase in knowledge on how to best run well-designed clinical studies within academic collaborative groups, mainlyintheUnitedStatesandEuropeandfrequentlywiththepharmaceutical industry as sponsors for the studies. Theaimswereandstillaretoregisterandestablishnewdrugsand indications for broad groups of patients based on conventional morphologic classification systems of the primary cancers. The inclusion criteria are frequently aimed at defining a clinically homogeneous patient population, although the interpatient molecular signatures may be markedly different between patients included, not investigated, and not detected. More recent studies have had large sample sizestobeabletodetectsmalldifferences.Anotherwaytoexpressthis is that a positive effect in few patients will be recorded as a statistically


Microglia and astrocytes are transformed into reactive glia (RG) by brain disease and normal function. Eicosanoids and nitric oxide (NO), two intercellular mediators, may influence gliosis. We investigated how drugs that alter production of these paracrine signals effect induction of glial reactivity from spreading depression. Unilateral (left) neocortical spreading depression was induced in 95 halothane anesthetized rats by intracortical injections of 0.5 M KCl, with or without drug treatment (five animals/group). Immunohistochemical staining (IS) intensity using the OX‐42 and anti‐glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibodies determined reactivity in microglia and astrocytes, respectively. After 3 days, brains were processed for OX‐42 and GFAP‐IS and mean optical densities (OD) of IS were measured. Average OD's (for OX‐42) and the log ratio (left/right) of OD's (OX‐42 and GFAP) were compared to normal animals. Spreading depression induced significant log ratios for both OX‐42‐ and GFAP‐IS (P's < 0.01). However, dexamethasone (aglucocorticoid), nordihydroguaiaretic acid (a lipoxygenase inhibitor), and nitroprusside (a NO donor) prevented significant left sided and log ratio OD values for microglia (P's > 0.05). L‐Name, a NO synthase inhibitor, caused significant increases in left and right OD's for microglia (P's < 0.05). Mepacrine, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor, Indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and phenylephrine, an adrenergic agonist, did not prevent induction of significant OX‐42 log ratios (P's < 0.01, 0.05, 0.01), and resulted in increases in left side OD's (P's < 0.01, 0.05, 0.05). Significant GFAP log ratios occurred after spreading depression in all drug groups, P's < 0.01. Thus, induction of reactivity in microglia is more sensitive to eicosanoids and NO than in astrocytes. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Power plant piping operating at elevated temperatures is subject to several types of service aging-related degradation, such as softening, spheroidization, embrittlement, and creep. When cracks are found in these components, weld repair is often employed to ensure continued operation. The efficacy of the weld repairs in terms of extending the life of the aged components has, however, not been documented quantitatively. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) has recently undertaken a comprehensive study to evaluate weld repairs performed to aged piping. In connection with this study, results from other worldwide activities have been reviewed, leading to significant conclusions regarding weld repair. This review of results from several worldwide studies has confirmed that aged high-temperature piping can be successfully weld repaired to gain additional lives in excess of several decades. The key aspects of successful weld repair include excavation and removal of all prior creep cavitation damage, elimination of external bending stresses, and implementation of good welding practice. From merely a creep rupture point of view, postweld heat treatment (PWHT) has been concluded to be superfluous by several authors. Temperbead repairs appear to offer a promising alternative to PWHT repairs from a creep, tensile, and toughness standpoint. Choice of the repair process ultimately is dictated by many considerations such as toughness, notch sensitivity, residual stresses and hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility. Several reports suggest that gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) repairs may outperform shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) repairs with or without PWHT.


There is of principally new approaches to future architects' preparation to active social activity by means of individual social projecting and formation of socialization and communication competence in them.


A scheme is designed to obtain information about the quasiparticle distribution in a superconductor-insulator-superconductor tunnelling junction. It is shown that when both superconductors are in equilibrium states, the quasiparticle distribution is related to the I(V) characteristic by a linear integral equation. The effect of nonequilibrium distributions, which may be produced by microwave irradiation or phonons, on the I(V) characteristics is then discussed. It is concluded that the I(V) characteristics may be used to probe nonequilibrium states. 19 refs.


In order to overcome initial weights direction in the deep conviction network and improve the prediction accuracy of wind energy further, this paper proposes a new algorithm which combined the simulated annealing genetic algorithm and the deep belief network. Firstly, the main influencing factors of wind energy are selected. Then the superior global searching capability of the simulated annealing genetic algorithm is used to train the deep belief network and optimize the weights layer by layer. Finally, the deep belief networks weights were tuned by a BP neural network to make sure the networks are the best wind energy prediction system. The algorithm is verified by the experimental data from a wind farm in western China. The results show that the algorithm not only can overcome initial weights direction in the deep belief networks, but also further improve the prediction accuracy.


The pinning effect of the domain wall in (Ga,Mn)As wires, with constriction by fabricating notches in the wires, is reported based on magnetoresistance (MR) hysteresis curves. The effect of oxidation on magnetization reversal process using local anodic oxidation atomic force microscopy (AFM) lithography was employed to reduce the width of the constriction into nanometer range.


Unilateral hyperlucency of the lung is not an uncommon finding which arises from a variety of conditions, like technical, congenital and acquired. Here, the author presents a case of diaphragmatic hernia which presented as unilateral hyperlucency on chest radiography. A 45-year-old female, presented with complaint of shortness of breath for 2-3 years, increased since 15 days and pain in abdomen for 2-3 years. She consulted a doctor where a chest X-ray was done and was advised Intercostal tube insertion with the diagnosis of left-sided pneumothorax and was referred to us for further management. Instead of her vitals were stable on examination. On auscultation, breath sounds were of decreased intensity. A chest X-ray was then done which showed unilateral hyperlucency of the left side with the presence of air fluid level. The CECT thorax showed a large diaphragmatic hernia through which the large intestine and stomach were occupying the left hemithorax. Therefore, a thorough evaluation should be done before reaching a definitive diagnosis in such patients.


Purpose: This study focused on the challenges facing effective teaching, learning and assessment in community-based secondary schools in the Tabora region.
Methodology: This study employed a mixed method approach in line with a sequential explanatory research design. The study employed simple random sampling procedures to enlisted 219 people from various educational backgrounds. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used to gather information.
Results: The study findings revealed that, poor teaching and learning environments, a problem with the medium of instructions, poor parental engagement in children's education, teacher shortages, poor managerial skills among school leaders and lack of in-service training among teachers are the main factors that hinder effective teaching, learning and assessment in community-based secondary schools in Tabora region in Tanzania.
Unique contribution to practice, theory and strategy: This study contributes to a better understanding of the challenges to effective teaching, learning and assessment in Tanzania's Tabora region's community-based secondary schools. The findings are comparable with "Curriculum theory," which emphasised that an effective curriculum implementation cannot take place in a setting where there is a lack of a supportive environment, where significant school stakeholders do not collaborate in planning for teaching and assessment, where there is a fairly poor teaching and learning environment, where there are not enough human resources, and where the language of instruction is inappropriate.
Recommendation: The local authority that oversees schools should hire more teachers, upgrade the facilities for teaching and learning, fully involve parents in decision-making, improve in-service teacher training, and require school administrators to regularly attend training on pedagogical leadership in order to implement effective teaching, learning and assessment in schools.


The astigmatism control processing time is decreased to 1 second or less by improving the astigmatic difference measurement accuracy. A charged particle beam device includes: a stage on which a sample is loaded; a transport mechanism which carries the sample onto the stage; a charged particle beam optical system which irradiates the sample on the stage with a charged particle beam and detects secondary charged particles generated from the sample; and a controller which determines setup parameters for the charged particle beam optical system and controls the charged particle beam optical system. The controller registers and holds electro-optical system setup parameters for irradiation with a beam tilted from a normal line on the sample as the charged particle beam, compares observation images obtained by the tilted beam, measures the amount and direction of movement and calculates the amount of astigmatism correction from the amount of movement and the direction.


We will present a new model of grammar documentation which exploits the potentialities of an hypertextual representation of lingware. As we will show this model insures the following benefits: • Constant coherence between the documentation and the various pieces of linguistic information. • Valuable organization of the linguistic knowledge, in order to increase the productivity of the grammar writer. • Possibility of sharing grammatical resources and related documentation with other sites in a completely intuitive way.


Objective To explore the important role of preperitoneal space in laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal(TAPP)and totally extraperitoneal(TEP)hernia repair.Methods The clinical data of 66 patients(78 sides)performed laparoscopic TAPP and TEP hernia repair from January 2008 to April 2011 in this hospital were analyzed retrospectively.Results TAPP hernia repair were performed in 16 cases(20 sides),TEP hernia repair were performed in 50 cases(58 sides).Three cases of TEP hernia repair transferred to TAPP hernia repair.The unilateral operation time was(86.92±36.38)min,intraoperative bleeding was(6.08±3.43)ml.Postoperative complication rate was 16.7%(11/66),including 3 cases of postoperative serum swelling,3 cases of temporary paraesthesia of nerve feeling in the repair area,2 cases of scrotum emphysema,2 cases of urinary retention,and 1 case of intestinal obstruction.There were 2 cases of recurrence.The hospital stay was(4.52±0.99)d.The return to activities and working time was(10.32±1.86)d after discharge.Sixty-six cases were followed up for(18.56±1.96)months(range 1-38 months),the patch infection,chronic pain,and testicular atrophy complications were not been observed.Conclusions Acquainting and mastering laparoscopic preperitoneal space and its important structure are the key to avoid intraoperative and postoperative complications of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair.


Steven Bozinovski, Jessica Jones, Sarah-Jane Beavitt, Andrew D. Cook, John A. Hamilton, and Gary P. Anderson Lung Disease Research Group, Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine; Arthritis and Inflammation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital; and Cooperative Research Center for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia


We have identified an antigen recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) on the autologous tumor cells of a nonsmall cell lung cancer patient. The antigenic peptide, presented by HLA‐B*5201 molecules, was encoded by a mutated sequence in the gene coding for the C subunit of transcription factor NF‐Y. The mutation was present in the tumor sample from which the cell line was derived, and appeared to be unique to the tumor of this patient. In a lymph node draining the tumor, precursors of CTL recognizing the autologous tumor cells were detected at a frequency of about 1/30,000 of the CD8 cells, and 85% of them recognized the mutated NF‐YC peptide, suggesting that the patient mounted a T cell response against this antigen. These results strengthened the notion that unique tumor‐specific antigens are highly represented not only in melanoma but also in other types of tumors, like nonsmall cell lung cancer. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The occurrence of symbiotic zooxanthellae in further aeolid and arminacean nudibranch molluscs is described for the first time. The aeolid Aeolidiopsis ransoni Pruvot-Fol is redescribed, and a new species of Aeolidiopsis, also feeding on the colonial zoantharian Palythoa, is described. Both have symbiotic zooxanthellae. The taxonomy of the family Aeolidiidae is discussed and the genus Berghia Trinchese, 1877 is considered a synonym of Spurilla Bergh, 1864. Spurilla major (Eliot, 1903) and a new species of Spurilla are reported to have zooxanthellae while another new species of Spurilla is without zooxanthellae. The glaucid aeolid Pteraeolidia ianthina (Angas) is shown to have symbiotic zooxanthellae, as is the arminacean Doridomorpha gardineri Eliot, which is reported to feed on the alcyonarian blue coral, Heliopora. In all cases, the morphological adaptations developed for this symbiosis are described. Further notes on the Porites-fetding arminacean Pinufius rebus Marcus & Marcus and the aeolid Phestilla lugubris (Bergh) are included and a facultative symbiosis with zooxanthellae is suggested for the latter. The tion of symbiosis with zooxanthellae within nudibranchs is discussed and it is suggested that the relationship has evolved independently on several occasions.


The formation of the first phase in the reaction of sputter-deposited Nb/Al multilayer thin films has been studied by power-compensated and heat-flux differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The modulation periods of the films are in the range of 10--500 nm. Both types of calorimetric measurements, performed at a constant heating rate, show the presence of two peaks (A and B) for the formation of the single product phase, NbAl{sub 3}. Isothermal calorimetric scans show that peak A is associated with a nucleation and growth type transformation. The formation of NbAl{sub 3} is thus interpreted as a two-stage process of nucleation and lateral growth to coalescence (peak A) followed by normal growth until the consumption of one or both reactants (peak B). Transmission electron microscopy investigations of samples annealed into the first stage of NbAl{sub 3} formation show the presence of this phase at the Nb/Al interface and its preferential growth along the grain boundaries of the Al layer. The latter highlights the role of reactant phase grain structure in product phase formation.


Objective To study the feasibility and the effect of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) filling to correct the middle facial deformity of unilateral cleft lip and palate. Methods Fifteen unilateral cleft lip and palate patients with serious middle facial deformity and nasal deformation,who could not afford the treatment of orthodontics and orthognathic surgery, were retrospectively reviewed from Jun 2002 to Jun 2005. All the patients underwent surgical procedures which included correction of secondary cleft lip deformity, e-PTFE filling to augment the middle facial depression and alar cartilage suspending of the cleft side. The following-up period was from 6 months to 2 years and the photographs of facial state were taken and compared preoperatively and postoperatively. Results After surgery, the middle facial depression was augmented and the nasal base was put up, the nose became quite symmetrical and the face looked much improved and natural. Conclusion E-PTFE filling was a simple and effective method to augment the middle facial depression of unilateral cleft lip and palate who could not afford the systemic treatment to correct the dento-maxillofacial deformities.


1. Intra‐aortic blood pressure was recorded continuously in freely moving genetically hypertensive (LH), normotensive (LN) and low blood pressure (LL) rats of the Lyon strain during two 11 h periods (08:00‐19:00 h). During the first period (control), the animals were left undisturbed and during the second period (stress), a jet of air was applied for 20 min every hour. Urine was collected simultaneously and analysed for its content in norepinephrine and epinephrine.


The first rhodium-catalyzed highly chemo-, regio- and enantioselective hydroformylation of cyclopropyl-functionalized trisubstituted alkenes affording useful chiral cyclopropyl entities was reported. Compared to generally used diphosphine ligands for asymmetric catalysis, the modified hybrid phosphorus ligand, named (R,S)-DTBM-Yanphos, can convert a series of readily available cyclopropyl-functionalized trisubstituted alkenes to high-value chiral cyclopropyl-functionalized aldehydes with high selectivities (81-98% ee). Gram-scale reaction (TON up to 1,500) and follow-up transformations to the corresponding alcohol, acid, esters and nitrile were also presented. Finally, a possible hydroformylation mechanism involving ring-open-hydroformylation pathways was proposed as evidenced by control and deuteroformylation reactions.


High performance properties in an architectural fabric are achieved by the proper selection of the base fiber, the selected fabric weave, the appropriate formulated coating compounds, and the coating processes utilized to produce the fabric.


Pregnancy in patients with connective tissue diseases are known to be at high risk for the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.To evaluate the pregnancy outcomes in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD).A retrospective and descriptive study was conducted from 1990 to 2020. All data were collected from the medical records of childbearing age women with SLE, SSc, SS and UTCD enrolled in our clinic at the time of their pregnancy and childbirth. The obstetric, maternal and fetal outcomes were collected and compared regarding diagnosis and adverse outcomes.The study group included 295 patients, 125 patients (42%) with SLE, 50 patients (17%) with SSc, 80 patients (27%) with Sjogren's, 40 patients (14%) with UCTD. A total of 465 pregnancies were registered. The maternal and fetal outcomes are detailed in Table 1 and Figure 1. The mean age at delivery was 31.5±8.5 years and the mean duration of disease was 7.2±5.6 years. Pregnancy loss occurred in 21% of patients, live births in 66% of pregnancies, preterm delivery in 8%, postpartum haemorrhage in 6%, preeclampsia in 5%, placental abnormalities in 4%, ectopic pregnancy in 3%, premature rupture of membranes in 2%. Treatment with HCQ was received in 115 pregnancies in SLE (59%), 21 pregnancies in SSc (24%) 62 pregnancies in pSS (52%) and 32 pregnancies in UCTD (49%). Exposure to corticosteroids and biologics during pregnancy was 23 (18.4%), 6 (12%), 15 (19%) and 3 (7.5%), respectively. Patients with SLE had a higher risk of fetal morbidity, including abortion (p=0.03), mean abortion rate (p=0.03), preeclampsia (p=0.04), ectopic pregnancy (p=0.03), preterm delivery (p=0.02) and postpartum haemorrhage (p=0.01) than patients without SLE. The multivariate model adjusted for age, nulliparity, active disease activity during pregnancy, smoking and exposure to biologics, HCQ and corticosteroids found an association between unfavourable pregnancy outcomes and disease activity (OR 2.4 95% CI (1.3-7.2), p 0.003), whilst HCQ during pregnancy (OR 0.23 95% CI (0.03-0.82) had a protective effect.66% of pregnancies in patients with autoimmune diseases resulted in live births. Patients with SLE had higher rates of fetal and maternal morbidity than SSc, pSS and UCTD. Disease activity was associated with unfavourable pregnancy outcomes. Exposure to HCQ had a protective effect during pregnancy. Pregnancy planning and counselling prior to conception of patients with connective tissue diseases leads to a reduction in maternal and perinatal complications.Table 1.Fetal and maternal morbidity outcomes in SLE, SSc, pSS and UCTDSLESScpSSUCTDP valueTotal of pregnancies1928812065Age at pregnancy32.4±4.529.5±7.230.4±3.533.5±2.70.45Smokers32 (26%)17 (34%)25 (31%)12 (30%)0.27Birth103 (67%)68 (77%)90 (75%)47 (72%)0.28Abortion57 (37%)12 (14%)18 (15%)10 (15%)0.03Mean abortion number2.7±0.71.1±0.62.4±0.30.9±0.50.03Preeclampsia15 (9.8%)3 (3%)2 (2%)2 (3%)0.04Ectopic pregnancy10 (6.5%)01 (1%)1 (2%)0.03Placental abnormalities8 (5%)5 (5.7%)2 (2%)3 (5%)0.21Premature rupture of membranes (PROM)5 (3.3%)02 (2%)1 (2%)0.24Preterm delivery20 (13%)08 (6%)5 (8%)0.02Postpartum haemorrhage21 (14%)04 (4%)1 (2%)0.01Figure 1.Fetal and maternal morbidity outcomes in SLE and non-SLE patients.[1]Massimo Radin, Karen Schreiber, Irene Cecchi. A multicentre study of 244 pregnancies in undifferentiated connective tissue disease: maternal/fetal outcomes and disease evolution,Rheumatology, Volume 59, Issue 9, September 2020, Pages 2412–2418.NIL.None Declared.


Abstract Fatigue is a major disabling complaint in patients with immune‐mediated neuropathies (IN). The 9‐item fatigue severity scale (FSS) has been used to assess fatigue in these conditions, despite having limitations due to its classic ordinal construct. The aim was to improve fatigue assessment in IN through evaluation of the FSS using a modern clinimetric approach [Rasch unidimensional measurement model (RUMM2020)]. Included were 192 stable patients with Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) or polyneuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUSP). The obtained FSS data were exposed to RUMM2020 model to investigate whether this scale would meet its expectations. Also, reliability and validity studies were performed. The original FSS did not meet the Rasch model expectations, primarily based on two misfitting items, one of these also showing bias towards the factor 'walking independent.' After removing these two items and collapsing the original 7‐point Likert options to 4‐point response categories for the remaining items, we succeeded in constructing a 7‐item Rasch‐built scale that fulfilled all requirements of unidimensionality, linearity, and rating scale model. Good reliability and validity were also obtained for the modified FSS scale. In conclusion, a 7‐item linearly weighted Rasch‐built modified FSS is presented for more proper assessment of fatigue in future studies in patients with immune‐mediated neuropathies.


With respect to country need to edible oils, it is more important to extend the cultivation of oilseeds. Although, safflower is the native plant of Iran and it is resistant to drought and salty stresses, but a few studies have been done on it. Today, improvement and manipulating of some of undesirable traits of safflower is possible by genetic engineering tools. During the manipulating process, important stages of tissue culture specially, regeneration phase of deformed plant has high worth. In order to evaluate the effect of explants, type of hormones and hormone levels on callus length and weight in summer safflower cultivars, an experiment was carried out in factorial based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications and four factors (safflower cultivars, explants, type of hormones and hormone levels ) in 2011. Results showed that safflower cultivars (Iraqi 222 and 34069) and explants (hypocotyle and cotyledon) had a significant effect on the callus length. Based on the results, the effect of hormones and hormone levels were significant on callus weight. 34069 and hypocotyle were known as a premier compounds due to maximum length of callus and Iraqi 222 at both explants were known as low yield compound due to the shortest callus length. Also it was revealed maximum callus weight was related to hormone levels (2 mg per liter) and Zeatin hormone.


Highly enantioselective conversion of dienamides into cyclic α-amino acids can be achieved by a single-pot, tandem hydrogenation–hydroformylation–cyclization–elimination sequence using a single catalyst and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as the reaction solvent at total pressures significantly lower than those previously reported for related hydrogenation and hydroformylation reactions.


Acrylic Ⅱ process modifier (ACR Ⅱ) is synthesized by emulsion polymerization technique. Through researching into amount of emulsifier and initiator, and reaction temperature, the optimum process conditions are obtained.


In this paper,design of the catwalk of Wuhan Yangluo Yangtze River Bridge was introduced to the point.The cable shapes of this catwalk,a typical flexible spacial cable truss structure,under both cable finished stage and completion stage were calculated using LINK10 and BEAM4 elements to simulate the structure in ANSYS.The equivalent static gust wind speed at the mid-elevation proposed to be 50.4 meters per second.The elastic modulus of the steel wire strand of the main bearing structure varied with the strand's tensile.In terms of few domestic bridges,it was assumed to be 1.30×105MPa in this paper.The static wind-resistant stability checking computations were conducted in 5 load cases and 8 stages.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate what discussants in internet based discussion forums talk about. Investigates electronic word of mouth (e‐WOM) as a potential source of information for service innovation. The aim is to derive four core categories of unique dialogues that provide valuable information to service innovation.Design/methodology/approach – Apart from Harrison‐Walker's effort to develop a scale of measuring WOM, disclosing the inside of electronic word‐of‐mouth has never been done before. For this reason a qualitative approach using Netnography was adopted. The paper analyzes the content of all postings taking place during 100 days in five defined discussion forums on the internet.Findings – The results indicate that conversations taking place in electronic discussion forums can be divided into four core categories, i.e. information request, usage experience, business practice issues, and comments pertaining to new product launches.Research limitations/implications – The stu...


According to the welding character of TC4 titanium alloy and using CO2 laser beam,a experimental platform is set up for our welding test.Experimental results indicate that the qualified joint will be achieved only if we have a good cleaning preparing for the welding,have inert gases shielded during the welding process and laser-induced plasma controlled strictly.


During the last decade, there have been relevant advances in the study of quantum gravity coupled to point particles in 2+1 dimensions. In the emerging picture the momentum space of the particles is curved, the spacetime coordinates are noncommuting and the symmetries are DSR-deformed relativistic symmetries. In this article we study some phenomenological consequences of these features via the so- called ''relative-locality" framework. We find that a ''dual-gravity" lensing effect appears as a consequence of the relativity of spacetime locality associated to the deformed symmetries of the theory.


The Neutron Imaging System (NIS) is one of seven ignition target diagnostics under development for the National Ignition Facility. The NIS is required to record hot-spot (13-15 MeV) and downscattered (6-10 MeV) images with a resolution of 10 microns and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 10 at the 20% contour. The NIS is a valuable diagnostic since the downscattered neutrons reveal the spatial distribution of the cold fuel during an ignition attempt, providing important information in the case of a failed implosion. The present study explores the parameter space of several line-of-sight (LOS) configurations that could serve as the basis for the final design. Six commercially available organic scintillators were experimentally characterized for their light emission decay profile and neutron sensitivity. The samples showed a long lived decay component that makes direct recording of a downscattered image impossible. The two best candidates for the NIS detector material are: EJ232 (BC422) plastic fibers or capillaries filled with EJ399B. A Monte Carlo-based end-to-end model of the NIS was developed to study the imaging capabilities of several LOS configurations and verify that the recovered sources meet the design requirements. The model includes accurate neutron source distributions, aperture geometries (square pinhole, triangular wedge, mini-penumbral,more » annular and penumbral), their point spread functions, and a pixelated scintillator detector. The modeling results show that a useful downscattered image can be obtained by recording the primary peak and the downscattered images, and then subtracting a decayed version of the former from the latter. The difference images need to be deconvolved in order to obtain accurate source distributions. The images are processed using a frequency-space modified-regularization algorithm and low-pass filtering. The resolution and SNR of these sources are quantified by using two surrogate sources. The simulations show that all LOS configurations have a resolution of 7 microns or better. The 28 m LOS with a 7 x 7 array of 100-micron mini-penumbral apertures or 50-micron square pinholes meets the design requirements and is a very good design alternative.« less


Objective To investigate the differentiation potential and functional trends of hUC-MSCs into islet-like cells in rat islet cells microenvironment.Methods The 3rd generation of hUC-MSCs was resuspended with L-DMEM,and inoculated into the simple culture group and co-culture group(co-cultured with rat islets).Invert microscope was used to investigate the morphologic changes of the cells;cell surface marker was determined by flowcytometry;the expression of pancreatic duodenal homeobox gene(PDX-1) was identified by immunocytochemistry;the secretion level of insulin and C-peptide were detected by radioimmunoassay and the response of islet-like cells stimulated by glucose was observed.Results hUC-MSCs was fusiform and grown as parallelism and swirling,they did not express CD34,CD45 or CD14,but highly expressed CD29,CD44 and CD105.The induced cells with positive expression of PDX-1 in co-culture group morphologically became round and were gathering into a mass for 3 d 7 d,but with seldom cells with positive expression of PDX-1 for 10 d and 14 d.Thecells in simple culture group with negative exprescion of PDX-1 were not change of modality.Higher levels of insulin and C-peptide were detected in co-culture group,but with small amount of insulin and without C-peptide in simple culture group.Insulin secretion level of the two groups showed significant differences after cultured for 3 d,7 d,10 d and 14 d(P0.01).In the co-culture group,the secretion levels of insulin was the highest on the 7th day after induction,on the 10th day,the secretion level was justly lower than that on the 7th day,but was obviously higher than that of the 3rd day and 14th day(P0.01).The secretion trend of C-peptide was similar to the insulin.The glucose stimulation index of the islet-like cells was 1.41 in the co-culture group.Conclusion hUC-MSCs can be induced into islet-like cells in the microenvironment of islet cells in vitro,but their endocrine function appears to increase firstly and then decrease with the time of culture.


The magnitude and speed of higher education to the regional economic development is an important way to show higher education's adaptability.By comparing Xinjiang's index and the China average index we know that higher education magnitude in Xinjiang is smaller and the speed is slower.Higher education doesn't fit the regional economic development in Xinjiang.


ABSTRACT The new decade's tumultuous nature triggered renewed reflection on urban public space. As Covid-19 lockdowns and social distancing measures were implemented in cities around the globe, and protests on city streets from Black Lives Matter and their global supporters erupted, the world's attention was refocused on urban public spaces. These were spaces to which access was now curtailed: we were newly and differently fearful in them, anger boiled over in them; and amidst limited access, we yearned for them. The pandemic has taken many lives, including that of the urban public space theorist Michael Sorkin, whose decades of work argued for the need for truly accessible, democratic, urban public space; and mourned what he felt was its slow demise. Pushed by these triggers, this special issue re/visits urban public space through the lens of the 2020 lockdowns (closures) and the possibilities (openings) that seemed to emerge; in so doing we bring together a collection of global urban snapshots and critical reflections from/in cities around the world – all variations on a theme [Sorkin, M. (1992). Variations on a theme park: The new American city and the end of public space. Macmillan].


Radical mediated thiol−ene emulsion polymerizations for the synthesis of aqueous dispersion of polymer particles with narrow particle size distributions are reported. Submicrometer polymer particles comprising of cross-linked or linear chains were obtained using a water-soluble thermal initiator, without the need for a high-intensity emulsification step. Particles were prepared using 1,3,5-triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate), trimethylolpropane diallyl ether, 1,6-hexanedithiol, and 3,6-dioxa-1,8-dithiooctane monomers. Potassium persulfate was used as the water-soluble initiator, and sodium dodecyl sulfate was used as the surfactant. The effects of surfactant, initiator, and comonomer concentrations on the particle diameters in the emulsion polymers are reported. The order of dependence of particle diameter on the surfactant concentration was −(0.44 ± 0.03) and on the initiator concentration was −(0.53 ± 0.04). The particle size distributions in th...


A data warehouse is a repository of integrated information used to perform query and analysis on vast amount of operational data. Since data warehouse project requires extensive resources to be completed on time, many organizations chose to incrementally develop data marts
instead, gradually merge to be the organization's data warehouse. However, due to the non-profit advantage, data warehouse has been rarely implemented in higher education institution although majority of the institutions have some kind of information system. As a result, the reporting and analysis of the student record system is often ad hoc and time-consuming tasks. This research was intended to analyze and design a data warehouse that will enable high improvement data analysis for the Academic planning of the college.During the requirement analysis, the fact-finding techniques of observations and interviews have been conducted with the key users of the Online Analytical System (OLTP) to gain deep understanding and verify the facts collected.From the user requirement analysis, the logical model of Entity Relationship (ER) Diagram was developed and has iteratively been used to verify the user requirements. Then, the dimensional model was developed using the Kimball's 'Nine-Step Methodology'. Finally, the design was validated using the Microsoft SQL server 7.0.


Graphene quantum dot (GQD) represents an emerging noble metal‐free surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐active nanomaterials for applications such as optoelectronics, chemical sensing, and biomedical imaging and therapy. However, it lacks a scalable method to synthesize GQD with selective structures and the fundamental understanding of their SERS enhancement through charge transfer between GQD and probe molecules. Here a bottom–up liquid‐phase synthesis of colloidal GQDs with selective bandgaps using atmospheric‐pressure microplasmas is reported. Electron microscopic and optical spectroscopic characterizations suggest that highly crystalline GQDs with nanographene structures can be synthesized with ambient conditions using microplasmas. Moreover, the bandgaps of GQDs are tuned from 2.8 to 3.18 eV by controlling the size of organosulfate micelles. Raman spectroscopic study demonstrates that the as‐synthesized GQDs exhibit a unique quantum dot bandgap‐dependent SERS enhancement property with an improved charge transfer between the GQD and probe molecules. This study provides an insight into the fundamental of semiconductor‐enhanced Raman scattering of GQDs and scalable production of structure‐controlled GQDs using plasma‐activated chemistry.


Some approaches in the work of composer Jerry Hunt to a system of electronic interactive performance are described; a general survey (1) of the memory, content-context models and response-interactive mechanisms employed in the works Haramand Plane and Ground is followed by a description (2) of the principal components of the memory models, retrieval structure and control mechanisms used in the performance and interactive installation systems Birome (Zone): Cube, Birome (Zone): Plane and Birome (Zone): Plane [frame]; a closing section (3) describes the general technical procedures and mechanism requirements for his work.


We have experimentally analyzed the leakage mechanism and device degradations caused by the F-N and hot carrier stresses for the recently developed DRAM cell transistors having deeply recessed channels. We have found the important difference of the leakage mechanism between S-Fin and RCAT, which have each structural benefit in the characteristics of leakage current, so we can suggest the guide lines for device structures simultaneously having each merit in both structures.


The establishment of the mathematical relation between armhole height and bust girth do help research the armhole height of archetype from the numerical aspect to get the sleeve crown height,and simplify the making-pattern steps of garment CAD software to get high effiency of making pattern.This paper took the armhole height which is one of the most important formation factors as research object,and applied the structure design knowledge,related knowledge of mathematics and geometry based on the clothing software ET2007 and the practical software Excel or MatLab to exploringly establish the mathematical relation between armhole height of Japanese new archetype for women and bust girth,and further got the data of sleeve crown height.The data of sleeve crown height got from this mathematical relation was heavily similar with the method named″getting sleeve from bodice piece″.


Background Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory disorder of skin and joints, it impacts both physical and emotional well-being, and increases the risk of comorbidities. Thus, improvement of disease activity as well as emotional well-being is of utmost importance in treatment of PsA patients (pts). In clinical trials, secukinumab, an anti-interleukin (IL)-17A monoclonal antibody, has shown to significantly improve signs and symptoms of PsA1. Objectives To evaluate real-world interim data on the effectiveness of secukinumab on treatment outcomes and quality of life (QoL) in pts with active PsA. Methods AQUILA is an ongoing, 52-week (wk) non-interventional study enrolling 2000 pts with active PsA and ankylosing spondylitis. Here, we report interim results of effectiveness in a subgroup of PsA pts treated with secukinumab. Validated questionnaires were used to measure effectiveness of secukinumab on: disease activity Physician's Global Assessment (PhGA, 0=no disease activity, 10=most intense disease activity), Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), American College of Rheumatology (ACR) joint count and C–reactive protein (CRP); and QoL Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease 12–item score (PsAID–12), Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Sleep scale and Beck's Depression Inventory II (BDI–II). Pts who were already under secukinumab treatment or just about initiating secukinumab therapy, based on medical therapeutic need, were included; in both scenarios, disease activity at start of secukinumab treatment was used as starting point for analysis. Treatment decision was made independently of participating in this study. Pts were observed from BL up to wk 52 according to clinical routine. Real-world effectiveness of secukinumab was assessed prospectively and analyzed as observed. Results At BL, 641 PsA pts were included of whom 385 (60.1%) completed 52 wks so far (i.e. at the time of data cut-off for this interim analysis). 58.5% (n=375) of the pts were female and 41.5% (n=266) were male, mean age was 52.6 years. About 66% (n=424) were pre-treated with biologics. Mean PhGA improved from 5.3 at BL (n=571, 89.1%) to 2.5 at wk 52 (n=341, 53.2%). Mean absolute PASI improved from 8.1 at BL (n=211, 32.9%) to 1.2 at wk 52 (n=147, 22.9%). More than half of the documented pts (51 out of 94) achieved a 100% reduction (PASI 100) in skin symptoms at wk 52. The mean number of tender/swollen joints (ACR) was reduced from 7.6 (n=436, 68.0%)/3.9 (n=437, 68.2%) to 3.0 (n=241, 37.6%)/0.7 (n=242, 37.8%) at wk 52. The percentage of pts with CRP >5mg/L dropped from 43.0% at BL (n=230) to 36.6% at wk 52 (n=112). Mean PsAID-12 improved from 5.0 at BL (n=602, 93.9%) to 3.3 at wk 52 (n=343, 53.5%). The percentage of PsA pts with high disease activity (score ≥ 5) assessed by PsAID-12 dropped from 61.0% at BL (n=367) to 26.2% at wk 52 (n=90). MOS sleep scales did not change relevantly over time. With respect to pts with a BDI-II reduction of at least 3 score points, the mean value improved from 16.4 (mild depression) at BL to 8.0 (no depression) at wk 52 (n=123, 19.2%). Conclusion Secukinumab reduced disease activity and improved QoL already within this subgroup of PsA pts. Thus, real-world data from the AQUILA study show that, in clinical routine, secukinumab treatment up to one year provides a clear benefit for PsA pts in clinical and QoL parameters. References [1] Mease PJ, et al. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:1329–39 Disclosure of Interests Uta Kiltz Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Chugai, Eli Lilly, Grünenthal, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB., Consultant for: AbbVie, Chugai, Eli Lilly, Grünenthal, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB., Daniel Peterlik Employee of: Novartis Pharma GmbH, Veronika Winkelmann Employee of: Novartis Pharma GmbH, Hans-Peter Tony Consultant for: Eli Lilly and Company, Speakers bureau: Eli Lilly and Company


Introduced Eucallipterus tiliae (L.) populations on Tilia cordata Miller in northern California were sampled from 1981 to 1987. E. tiliae was more abundant in the lower canopy, with a tendency toward higher numbers in the northeastern sides of trees, but had no consistent pattern regarding inner versus outer canopy. Aphid population densities fluctuated irregularly each season and were not associated with parasitoid or predator densities. Trioxys spp. (presumed to be predominately T. curvicaudus Mackauer) were the most numerous associated natural enemies, and most abundant on the inner leaves of the lower canopy on the northeastern sides of trees. Both E. tiliae and parasitoids were significantly more abundant on trees with Argentine ants, Linepithema humile (Mayr), present. Trunk banding with a sticky barrier excluded ants from trees in early- and midseason, but bands lost their effectiveness late in the season. An unsuccessful attempt to establish Praon flavinode (Haliday) on E. tiliae is also reported.


The invention discloses an oil-splash-proof pot cover which comprises a pot cover body (1). An opening (4) is formed in the side face of the pot cover body (1), and a bottom plate (2) is nested into the opening (4). By means of the oil-splash-proof pot cover, due to the fact that the bottom plate capable of being drawn out or sliding is arranged inside the pot cover body, food can be placed into a pot safely, the situation that a human body is injured by splashing of oil due to the fact that vegetable is poured into the pot after the oil is hot is avoided, and the safety during cooking is guaranteed.


The modern trends in the socio-economic life, educational and research spheres lead to the increased attention of universities to the more effective management of available resources, as well as high-quality and relevant disclosure of information in their public reporting to the interested parties. Under the circumstances, the intellectual capital (IC) components become key objects in the management accounting systems, and the IC report may become one of the main engines to achieve the transparent information which can raise the interest of stakeholders. The analysis of this practice clarified the discussion points and helped to develop conceptual guidelines for the preparation of the IC report for Russian universities. There have been used the following methods to solve the problem, such as quantitative-systematic analysis, semantic grouping of results and logical relationships. The developed methodology for analyzing the report on IC universities has a certain practical importance. Such methodology also includes methods of financial and management analysis. The formulated recommendations are intended for a wide range of stakeholders, the leadership of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science and higher education institutions.


Web browser being the most used application for surfing and communication through Internet has become a vulnerable target for the attackers. Honeyclients visit and interact with suspicious web sites to detect and collect information about malware to protect users from malicious websites. The proposed system is capable of interpreting and executing scripts efficiently and can detect the malicious codes generated by the scripts.


The hydrogen isotopic fractionation factors between the crystal water (CW) in crystalline hydrates and the saturated aqueous solution of cobalt dichloride, αCW−st.sol, were experimentally determined in the temperature range from 10 to 55 °C under equilibrium condition: αCW−st.sol in cobalt dichloride hexahydrate, CoCl2·6H2O, from 10 to 43°C, and in cobalt dichloride dihydrate, CoCl2·2H2O, at 50 and 55°C. The empirical relationship between lnαC.W.−st.sol and (1/T 2) on the CW of CoCl2·6H2O in the temperature range from 10 to 43°C was obtained as: 103lnαCW−st.sol=−2.46(106/T 2)+17.6. The CW of dihydrate of cobalt dichloride exhibits larger depletion of deuterium than that of hexahydrate. The values of αCW−st.sol in CoCl2·2H2O are similar to that of CuCl2·2H2O and BaCl2·2H2O at 25°C. This fact indicates that the hydrogen fractionation factor between the CW and the saturated aqueous solution of cobalt dichloride strongly depends on the structure of crystalline hydrate rather than the chemical species of cation and/or the crystallized temperature. †Revised version of a paper presented at the International Conference 'Isotopes 2005 Bath', 27 June to 1 July 2005, Bath, UK.


E-cigarette use is a relatively new risk factor for nicotine use disorder among U.S. adolescents. Adolescents who use e-cigarettes are at increased risk of developing nicotine use disorder and progressing to smoke conventional cigarettes. In this brief, former PRC trainee Olusegun Owotomo, current PRC trainee Haley Stritzel, PRC faculty research associate Julie Maslowsky, and colleagues explore which e-cigarette users progress to cigarette smoking, and why. They find that more adolescent e-cigarette users started smoking cigarettes one year later than adolescents who had never used e-cigarettes, including those who had no intention to start smoking. The authors call on health care providers, parents, and education campaigns to emphasize the dangers associated with e-cigarette use, including the risk of progressing to cigarette smoking even among those without an intention to do so.


The volatiles present in the aerial parts of Salvia nemorosa L. (Lamiaceae), grave sage, were analysed by GC/MS and GC in plants growing at different sites in the outskirts of Vienna, Austria. The flower oils contained mainly sabinene (37-44%), germacrene D (9-14%), β-caryophyllene (8-12%) and caryophyllene oxide (2.6-4.4%). Leaf samples had β-caryophyllene (14-41%), germacrene D (14-38%) and caryophyllene oxide (5-20%) as main compounds, while stem oils were characterized by an high hexadecanoic acid percentage besides germacrene D and β-caryophyllene.


In this paper, we consider the online scheduling problem of jobs with deadlines. The jobs arrive over time and the scheduling algorithm has no information about the arriving jobs in advance. The jobs have the processing time of the equal length and the goal of the scheduling algorithm is to maximize the number of jobs completed in their deadlines. The performance of the online algorithm is compared with that of the optimal algorithm which has the full information about all the jobs. The raio of the two performances is called the competitive ratio. In general, the ratio is unbouned. So the case that the online algorithm can have more resources than the optimal algorithm is considered, which is called the resource augmentation analysis. In this paper, the online algorithm have more machines. We show that the online algorithm can have the same performance as the optimal algorithm.