The field of semiconductor materials and devices represents a unique challenge to microscopy and microanalysis because the standard of excellence is constantly changing. Driven by the imperative of Moore's law (illustrated in figure 1) - which predicts that the density of devices in a chip doubles every three years - the spatial resolution that must be achieved increases by a factor of two every five years. The problem of meeting this demand is further enhanced by the widespread sentiment that all e-beam tools used on semiconductors should operate at low beam energies (typically below lkeV). Finally, the increase in device packing density and the expected move to 30cm. diameter wafers as substrates for fabrication also means that the microscopist will be faced with the challenge of rapidly and reliably finding a given device or feature among the 108 or so similar features which are present. The first need is to be able to monitor the basic steps of the fabrication process. Given the assumption that by the year 2001 devices will be built on 0.18μm design rules, it will then be necessary to perform critical dimension metrology with a precision of 2 to 3nm (see figure 2).


Thermal conductivity is the key thermal property of materials that are used in thermal protection of aircraft and energy conservation field, and its accurate test is of great significance in such fields. TCi method is a transient method of measuring thermal conductivity and effusivity, which was developed from the transient plane source method in the last decade. TCi technique has been widely used to measure the thermal conductivity of various materials due to its advantages of simple, rapid and single-side in-situ measurement. But the nominal accuracy is lack of sufficient verification within the full test ranges. Studies have found that the results of thermal conductivity measured by different methods for the same material may be different. Even if the same method and instrument are used to measure the same material, the results by using different test modes may vary significantly. The uncertainty of a dynamic test mainly comes from two aspects, theoretical assumptions of test theory and errors of determining input/output parameters. The latter one can be improved by adopting test facilities with higher precision and resolution, and the error usually can be estimated using the error transfer function. However, the uncertainty introduced by theoretical assumptions is difficult to determine and may lead to an incorrect result when the practical measurement deviates from the theoretical assumptions. For TCi method, except for the errors of determining input/output parameters, the theoretical assumptions in deducing the theory, the calibration curves and the contact resistance will affect the test accuracy. In this study, the influence of the above factors on the accuracy of thermal conductivity and effusivity determined by TCi technique are revealed quantitatively using numerical simulation. Firstly, the practical transient test process of TCi method is reproduced in the simulation with all thermophysical properties given. Secondly, the heat transfer processes of measuring foams, ceramics and metals by TCi method are simulated, and the calibration curves of thermal conductivity and effusivity of each type materials are obtained according to the corresponding temperature increase curve and the theoretical basis of TCi method. The influence of calibration curves on the test uncertainty is analyzed by comparing the calculated values of different calibration curves with the given values in the simulation. Finally, the influence of contact resistance on the test accuracy of different materials is analyzed by setting a thin layer of air between the sensor and the sample. The results show that TCi method could measure the effusivity of different materials accurately, and the different calibration curves have little influence on it. However, the results obtained by different thermal conductivity calibration curves are quite different, especially for the foam materials. The contact resistance between the sensor and the sample will decrease the test results of the high thermal conductivity material, while the effect can be ignored for foam materials. And the influence of contact resistance can be significantly reduced by adding contact agent. Due to the calibration curve and contact resistance in theoretical assumptions of TCi method will affect the test accuracy, the errors introduced by theoretical assumptions should be analyzed when adopting TCi method.


Deformations due to the impact of cutting force are factual and a principal source of error, the cutting force induced errors cannot be disregards and mere controlled by technical skill. In this paper, based on the compensatory circuit and model the errors are determined and compensated in real-time. An intelligent compensation is developed based on Neural Network Programming and mechanistic modeling, It is progressively accomplished through the normal working life and referenced to the indirect monitoring compensation system. it shows that the implementation of the system was found to significantly reduce the cutting force induced error.


An AACR special meeting entitled "Regulation of Cell Death in Oncogenesis" was organized by Drs. Eileen White and Stanley Korsmeyer and held from January 26 to 31, 2005. This meeting brought together the top scientists in the field to discuss new developments in the field of programmed cell


Objective:To detect the Vibio parahemolyticus by using the immunocaptured PCR test.Methods:Vibio parahemolyticus was disactivated by formaldehyde and used as antigen to immune the rabbits.PCR tube was coated with the antiserum of the rabbits to capture the suspected bacteria.Afterwards,PCR was carried out to detect the captured bacteria.Results:The antibody in this antiserum shew the ability to enrich Vibio parahemolyticus,The PCR test which carry out in the serum coated tube and adding Vibio parahemolyticus cells as the template shew a positive result more significantly than the none coated tube,while the PCR test in the serum coated tube shew a negetive result without adding the template.Conclusion:The result reveals that the detection system can show high sepciallity in Vibio parahemolyticus test.Moreover,the antibody played a role in captureing the bacteria and promoting the sensitivity of the test.


Objective Sartorius muscle was applied to trea t dislocation or subluxation of pate lla and extension disorder of knee re sulted from poliomyelitis,patellectomy and qu adriceps femoris injury.Method The distal one-third part or two-thi rds part of sartorius muscle excluded its insertion was freed,then transpose d and threaded to the front surface of patella.Result30cases(37knees)with dislocation or subluxation of patella were treated and 25cases(28knees)were followed-up(mean followed-up time 4years).pain in the patello-femeral joint disappeared without any recurrence of dislocation.75with weak extensor of knee were treated and 50were followed-up for mean 2years and 1month.The extensor strength in the patients wi th poliomyelitis increased from 0.89preoperatively to 2.76postoperat ively.The joint movement in the pati ents with extension stiffness of knee increased from 15°preoperatively to 102°postoperatively.The extensor strength in the patients with patellec tomy increased by 2grades postoperatively,which enable the patients to comp lete the last 10°to 15°extension movement of knee.Conclusion The authors modified the usual surgery methods,by which the results were far from perfect,in treatment of the lat eral displacement of patella and advanced a new treatment for the pati ents with extension stiffness of knee and the patients with weak extensor strength after patellectomy.


The weakferromagnetism in M x Ni 1- x S 2 (M=Co, Cu, Co+Cu) and NiS 2- x Se x systems was investigated. The x -dependence of the weak ferromagnetic moment, M 0 , are roughly the same for the former systems and the critical concentration ( x c ) for the disappearance of M 0 is 0.03∼0.05. The x c for the latter system is about 0.3. Discussion is given on the x -dependence for the above systems, including other similar systems, from a view point of a cluster-like model and of the four-four-spin interaction theory.


During July, August and September, 1978, The National Roads and Motorists' Association (N.R.M.A.) carried out a work trip survey in five industrial areas of Sydney--South Sydney, Botany, Bankstown, Auburn and Warringah. Almost ninety percent of the respondents travelled to and from work by motor vehicle and only 8 percent used public transport. Only 28 percent of drivers carried any passengers and less than 2% of the respondents were involved in a car pool. Restriction of personal freedom was seen as the major disadvantage of car pools and disadvantages of car pools were far more strongly supported than their advantages. The major reasons given for using a motor vehicle were 'quicker by motor vehicle', convenience' and 'no direct public transport'. The major reason given to effect a change to public transport was to make public transport more accessible. 86.5 percent of the respondents gave valid reasons for driving to work (use car during day, or no direct transport, etc). It is therefore concluded that A large majority of the suburban workforce travel to work by car and they mostly have valid reasons for so doing. There appears to be little opportunity for reducing the demand for road space by improving existing public transport. (TRRL)


The recommendations of the UK All Party Parliamentary Group on Breast Cancer (2013) have been endorsed recently by the UK Association of Breast Surgeons and are in line with the 2007 Cancer Reform Strategy, which states that treatment in older British women should be equivalent to that in younger patients unless precluded by co‐morbidity or patient choice. Oncoplastic and reconstructive techniques are increasingly available to women with breast cancer. A review of the literature was carried out to investigate use of these techniques in older patients.


A novel polyelectrolyte complex from diazoresin(DR) as cationic polyelectrolyte and poly(sodium styrene sulfonate)(PSS) as anionic polyelectrolyte was prepared. It was found that the complex which is indissolve in water or any organic solvent, will dissolve in SDS aqueous solution. The DR PSS/SDS aqueous solution, as an unexpected result, exhibits extraordinary thermostability as well as high photosensitivity and can be used directly as a composition in photoimaging technique. A proposed explanation for soluble of DR PSS in SDS aqueous solution and high thermostability was proposed and discussed preliminary.


Nitrous oxide (N2O), or "laughing gas," is readily available from a variety of sources. Inhalation of N2O is often regarded as safe by those who abuse the gas. We report a case of fatal accidental asphyxia due to nitrous oxide abuse.


Introduction : It is difficult to bend NiTi wire because of its shape memory properties. Although prefabricated NiTi archwires, such as the Connecticut Intrusion Arch or utility archwire are available, there is no simple, economic method available to incorporate first or second order bends in NiTi wires. Similarly there is no simple, economic and reliable method available to place stops in NiTi archwires. A simple creative method of using sterile disposable surgical needle segments as archwire stops (Makhija, Abhishek, Kamna or MAK stops) and archwire bends (MAK bends) is demonstrated. These may be adapted as custom stops and bends in NiTi archwires for fabricating intrusion, extrusion, expansion and distalization archwires.
 Materials and methods: Fresh unused, sterile, disposable,18 to 23 gauge surgical needles are segmented using a diamond cutting disk to use as crimpable stops (MAK stops), stops of varying length may also be bent with optical pliers to incorporate bends in NiTi wires (MAK bends).
 Conclusion: MAK stops and MAK bends are simple, easy and an economical chairside method to incorporate a range of applications which, overcome some of issues with formability of NiTi wires.


As a public compulsory course offered for the most of majors, Advanced Mathematics will significantly influence learning of subsequent courses during university and play an important role in cultivating logical thinking of students. However, due to massive contents and short class hour, it is impossible for teachers to spend too much time in imparting knowledge beyond teaching requirements. In view of this, this research will solve existing teaching and learning problems through deeply discussing topics about micro-course teaching, completely searching micro-course related resources, scientifically designing special micro-course, specially recording micro-course teaching and strengthening application of micro-course teaching resources in the course of research and development for micro-course teaching resources of Advanced Mathematics .


Mycobacterium (M.) fortuitum is recognized as the etiological agent of mastitis in cattle and is considered to be species the most commonly associated with mastitis among nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). The bacterium has also been isolated from raw-milk samples collected from bulk tanks and from milk samples from tuberculin test positive cows . During February and March 2015, bacteriological investigation targeting the causative agents of mastitis was carried out on samples from two older pregnant Simmental cows from two different herds. In both cases, the anamnestic data coincided: the mastitis was persistent and resistant to treatment with antimicrobials routinely used for mastitis treatment. In one case, the therapy was repeated several times using antimicrobials of different groups. Scarce clinical signs included positive reaction to mastitis test. The milk samples were inoculated onto esculin-blood agar plate. In both cases, the culture growth dynamics was identical: the first tiny dust-like colonies became visible after 48 hours of incubation at 37°C and reached a diameter of 1-2 mm after 72 hours. Gram-stained smear revealed blue bacilli while Ziehl-Neelsen staining showed the presence of acid fast bacilli. Culture for acid‐fast bacilli was done using a BACTEC MGIT culture system (Becton Dickinson, Maryland, USA), which showed a positive signal after 5 days, and the bacteria were subsequently subcultured on to Lowenstein–Jensen (LJ) medium in duplicate. The culture grew at 25 and 37 °C and at 42 °C on LJ medium, and on LJ medium containing 5 % NaCl. The conventional biochemical tests for iron uptake, aryl sulphatase (3 days), Tween 80 hydrolysis, tellurite reduction and nitrate reductase were positive, whilst niacin was negative. The isolates were also investigated using conventional PCR and GenoType Mycobacterium CM (Hain Lifescience) kit. The latter identified both isolates as M. fortuitum while the GenoType assay results corresponded to M. fortuitum II/M. mageritense hybridization pattern. Both strains were additionally tested on minimal inhibitory concentrations by SENSITITRE, RAPMYCOI (Trek Diagnostic Systems, USA) to trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, cefoxitin, Amikacin, doxycycline, tigecycline, clarithromycin, linezolid, imipenem, cefepime, amoxicillin / clavulanic acid 2:1 ratio, ceftriaxone, minocycline and tobramycin. Evaluation of results were performed due to Susceptibility testing of mycobacteria, nocardiae and other aerobic actinomycetes standard (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, USA). Resistance in both isolates were found only to clarithromycin, intermediate for cefoxitin, while on all other antimicrobials isolates were found susceptible. Interpretation in standard were not found for cefepime, amoxicillin / clavulanic acid and ceftriaxone, but both strains grew in all wells in microtitre plate with these antimicrobials. The finding of udder infection with a rapidly growing NTM species shows an increasing importance of mycobacteria in milk production pathology. Each case of udder infections with the evidence of long-lasting treatment should be suspicious to NTM involvement, especially because of high antimicrobial resistance.


Cache memories dissipate a large portion of processors' power budget. On the other hand, due to unbalanced stress condition on their SRAMs, aging of cache memories is one of the most challenging reliability issues in modern processors. Therefore, power management and aging mitigation of these memories are mandatory in recent nanoscale technologies to achieve reliable and stable functionality of processor. Regarding the fact that the rate of Narrow-Width Values (NWVs) stored in data-caches memory is more than 80%, this work proposes an NWV-aware power consumption reduction and aging mitigation technique. In the proposed data-cache memory, the operating voltage of memory blocks which store the most significant bits of cache words is adjustable according to the rate of NWVs to reduce cache power consumption and aging rate. Our simulations show the proposed technique decreases the overall power dissipation of a 32KB cache memory by 44.20%, with 0.55% and 2.4% performance and area overheads, respectively. This technique prolongs the lifetime of the cache by up to 1.96x.


AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine how teachers in physical education and health experience their teaching situation with migrant students. The study used a qualitative method in form ...


Form emailed to FWS S6 coordinator (mm/dd/yyyy): 2/5/2016 TPWD signature date on report: 10/26/2015 Project Title: Habitat expansion, genetic characterization, and population assessments of the highly endangered Leon Springs pupfish, Cyprinodon bovinus. Final or Interim Report? Final Grant #: TX E-150-R Reviewer Station: Austin ESFO Lead station concurs with the following comments: NA (reviewer from lead station)


It receives an event message containing the 1 URL that is accessible to UI resource that provides a user interface for notifying receipt of the message from the remote UI server device, by using a URL obtaining claim 1 UI resource from the remote UI server device, and the first is by receiving a command for controlling a message from the outside, a command to start the control message is a remote UI service providing method and apparatus for the transmission to the remote UI server device by using the UI resource.


An analysis of the growth patterns of 30 children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) treated with cortisone acetate revealed 76% to be at or below the third percentile by age 2 years. Paradoxically, the growth rate was better in the first six months of life when the dose of cortisone per unit of body surface was highest. Among this group of 30 children, a sample of six children receiving therapy intramuscularly showed no significant difference in their growth hormone response to arginine hydrochloride or insulin stimulation when compared with a group of normal children. These data are consistent with an antagonism by cortisone of the actions of growth hormone at the peripheral level rather than a central inhibition of growth hormone release. In addition, linear growth in the first 6 months of life seems relatively independent of the growth suppressing effects of glucocorticoids.


In this paper we propose a social network anonymization algorithm for security and confidentiality of health data set transmitted and shared across a social network. The growing need to address privacy concerns when social network data is released for mining purposes has recently led to considerable interest in various techniques anonymization. In the proposed scheme, the data owners interact over Internet using social network application where the algorithm determines records that can't be disclosed and satisfy a formal privacy protection. Furthermore, this algorithm integrates a secure encryption function, thus, the anonymization health data set is guaranteed during the session. Finally, we present an evaluation under mathematical analysis to prove the correctness of the anonymity function in the algorithm.


The article is devoted to solving problems related to the slow pace of development of container transportation due to lack of specialized terminal complexes, construction of which requires large capital investments, as well as specialized delivery equipment. The article substantiates the need for greater attention to improvement of container transportation technology as the most promising way to deliver cargo in direct and mixed traffic. A description of a new design of a transportable container with load lifting pillars is given, the use of which will improve the organization of container transportation.


Objective Investigate a strategy to minimize tourniquet-associated reperfusion injury. Methods Sixteen healthy patients scheduled for repair of bimalleolar ankle fractures were randomized into two groups. In the standard release group (R, n1=6), the tourniquet was fully deflated at the end of surgery. In the staggered release group (SR, n2=10), the tourniquet was fully deflated for 30 s and subsequently reinflated to 300 mmHg. The procedure was repeated twice at 3 min intervals before complete removal. Haemodynamic and blood biochemistry measurements were obtained from an indwelling arterial catheter immediately before the initial tourniquet deflation and thereafter at 1, 4, 7 and 15 min. Results Serum Ca2+ concentrations were less in group R at 4 min (1.027±0.5 vs. 1.084±0.07 mmol/l, P=0.046) and 7 min (1.045±0.04 vs. 1.110±0.06 mmol/l, P=0.013). The serum lactate concentration was higher in group R compared with group SR at 1 min (1.75±0.19 vs. 1.33±0.31 mmol/l, P=0.005) and 4 min (1.98±0.23 vs. 1.48±0.39 mmol/l, P=0.007), respectively. End-tidal CO2 was less in group SR compared with group R at 1 min (4.82±0.45 vs. 5.68±0.26 kPa, P=0.0004) and 4 min (5.01±0.59 vs. 5.68±0.35 kPa, P=0.01), respectively. At 15 min, less hypotension and bradycardia was noted in group SR. Conclusion A staggered tourniquet release was associated with greater haemodynamic stability and reduced the rate of acute systemic metabolic changes associated with limb reperfusion. Reapplication of a tourniquet seemed to halt further reperfusion, providing a window period for patient evaluation and management.


Electronic monitoring is becoming an increasingly important tool for fisheries management and regulation since video footage can be used to identify endangered or vulnerable species and prevent illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing. However, as the volume of video footage grows due to increased seafood consumption and fishing, manual review becomes near impossible. Therefore, computer vision algorithms can be leveraged to assist in the review process by automatically identifying fish species from images. A key challenge in this regard is distinguishing between nearly visually identical species, particularly given the small size of fish image datasets available that make achieving a high classification accuracy difficult. Therefore, we seek to address this problem by formulating a novel approach to fish species identification by constructing a hierarchy of deep learning models to improve overall species identification accuracy. We also study how model performance changes as the number of target categories increases. For evaluation, we utilize the Fishnet Open Images Database with over 86,000 images from electronic monitoring footage of fisheries in the western and central Pacific Ocean. We also focus on identification of the bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) species, which currently has a vulnerable IUCN conservation status and is often misidentified as yellowfin tuna due to visual similarities. Our result show that using a hierarchical approach with a smaller number of classification categories can provide a significantly higher identification accuracy.


Introduction:Colic causes tension in the parents and other family members..,Objective:This study aimed to compare the effect of abdominal massage and Hugo point acupressure on infantile colic symptoms Method:In this clinical trial study, all infants referred to Sheikh, Imam Reza and Akbar Hospitals diagnosed with colic by a physician were recruited after obtaining the consent of their parents and their mothers' written consent. A total of 114 infants were selected by convenience sampling and 4 sample blocks were randomly divided into three groups, respectively. Individual practical training was provided to mothers in three groups of A (abdominal massage), B (Hugo point acupressure), and C (position) in a 45-minute session and routine training was provided on colic pain, diet modification, how to burp the baby, and proper breastfeeding, The duration of 24-hour colic crying and 24-hour sleep time was recorded for four weeks, and compared at the end of the study using statistical tests.Findings:The mean and standard deviation of the duration of crying at 24 h were significantly different between the three groups in the second, third, and fourth weeks, which indicates the result of the decrease in the duration of 24-hour crying in infants with colic.Conclusion:Finally, it can be concluded that acupressure has an increasing effect on sleep duration and a decreasing effect on the colic score and crying duration compared to the other two groups.


Wick's theorem in the Schwinger-Perel-Keldysh closed-time-loop formalism is written in a form where the place of contractions is taken by the linear response function of the field. This result demonstrates that the physical information supplied by Wick's theorem for operators is propagation of the free field in space and time.


OBJECTIVES: To determine whether participation in a physical activity benefit by Medicare managed care enrollees is associated with lower healthcare utilization and costs.


After the regreening of the open-pit mine dump, vegetation usually needs to be managed and protected manually for several years before it reaches stability. Due to the spontaneous combustion of coal gangue, surface collapse, and other reasons, secondary damage may occur at any time. Regreening monitoring plays a vital role in the restoration and reconstruction of the mining ecosystem and can provide support for the timely replenishment of seedlings in the damaged area. In this study, remote sensing images were collected from 1986 to 2020 to obtain the NDVI distribution of dumps in the Antaibao open-pit coal mine. In order to obtain the overall growth law of regreening vegetation over time, the study adopted the unary regression analysis method and tested the correlation between NDVI and time by the Pearson correlation coefficient. However, through the Sen+Mann–Kendall trend analysis, it was found that there were differences in the trends of NDVI within the same dump. Next, by means of the Mann–Kendall mutation test and interactive interpretation, information, such as stable nodes of different regreening vegetation and vegetation growth patterns in degraded areas, were obtained. Through the above methods, the following conclusions were drawn: (1) The earlier the dumps were regreened, the more the areas were covered by significantly improved vegetation. In this study: 97.31% (the proportion of significantly improved vegetation in the south dump) >95.58% (the proportion in the west dump) >86.56% (the proportion in the inner dump) >79.89% (the proportion in the west expansion dump). (2) Different vegetation types have different time nodes for reaching stability. It takes about three years for wood, shrub, and a mix of grass, shrub, and wood to reach stability, but only one year for grass. (3) The destruction in mining areas is expansive and repeatable. Monitoring the growth patterns of regreening vegetation is conducive to understanding the reclamation effect, and provides a scientific basis for land reclamation planning and land management policies in the mining area. At the same time, the trend analysis method in this study can quickly extract problem areas after dump regreening and is applicable in most dumps.


For improving the sensitivity of electro-optic sampling (EOS), several techniques are used. Operation of the set of polarizing elements "close to extinction" is a technique used routinely for obtaining high responsivity (i.e., a large output signal for a given input electric field). This technique is widely used for monitoring electron bunches in linear accelerators and FELs. We show that a simple modification of these EOS systems enables to increase further the SNR, by cancelling out the laser noise. The idea is to introduce a set of Brewster plates, following the idea Ahmed, Savolainen and Hamm [1] in the EOS path, and performing balanced detection. We present detailed tests of this type of upgrade on the PhLAM-SOLEIL EOS system, destined to studies of THz CSR pulse dynamics [2].


The word 'that' is a single word which has more than one function. It can function as a demonstrative pronoun or determiner which points to things, people or situations. It can also functions a a conjunction used in a noun clause. The word 'that' is also used as a relative pronoun in an adjective clause. 'What are the equivalents of the word 'that' with its different functions into Indonesian' is the problem of this scientific research. Based on the problem, the aim is to find out the equivalents of the word 'that' in the Indonesian terms. In this research, the writer uses descriptive qualitative method. The method covers collecting, arranging, classifying, analyzing and interpreting the data. All of the data were taken from a novel by Agatha Christie entitled 'Appointment with Death'. The result of the research shows that there are six classifications of equivalents of the word 'that' in terms of the function as demonstrative pronoun or determiner into Indonesian, they are: 'itu', 'itulah', 'begitu', suffix '-nya', 'ini', and nil translation. As conjunction, the equivalents of the word 'that' are 'bahwa' and nil translation. The equivalent of the word 'that' as relative pronoun is the word 'yang' There are also other equivalents of the word 'that' into Indonesian, such as 'lagi', 'agar', and 'bila'.\\


Background: Conducting drug utilization studies are crucial, particularly for pediatric patients, as it helps improve the prescribing patterns and usage of medications in the health-care system. However, there is a scarcity of research on the utilization of drugs in children, making this study an invaluable resource for understanding prescription patterns.

Aims and Objectives: Main objectives behind our study were to examine and evaluate such prescription pattern in detail including antibiotics usage and prescription analysis using core drug prescribing indicators given by the World Health Organization (WHO), to evaluate adverse drug reactions that are observed during study and to evaluate drug-drug interactions (DDIs).

Materials and Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study of 12-month duration started after intuitional ethical committee approval. Total 450 prescriptions were studied. The study included all patients, regardless of gender, who were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Results: Our study found that the average number of drugs per prescription was 4.87. In addition, a high percentage of drugs, specifically 97.39%, were prescribed using their generic names, while 94.84% of drugs prescribed were from the WHO essential drug list for children. Moreover, we observed that in 88.88% of encounters, antibiotics were prescribed and percentage of prescriptions, in which drugs were prescribed through injectable route, was 98.22%. Very minimal amount of adverse drug reaction was seen in patients. In our study, in 75.77% of the prescriptions, DDIs were not found.

Conclusion: The study found that generic names of drugs were frequently used, and a high percentage of drugs prescribed were from the WHO essential drug list. However, the study also revealed a high percentage of encounters with antibiotics and injections prescribed. The occurrence of adverse drug reactions was minimal in the study. Moreover, most prescriptions did not exhibit DDIs, indicating appropriate therapeutic management in the PICU.


What's New for the Bank in this Strategy? C It focuses on the problem of rural poverty from a broader perspective, including other sectors in addition to agriculture (such as the social sectors, rural finance and basic infrastructure, and natural resource management), while recognizing the heterogeneity of rural poverty and promoting policies and instruments that in the medium term will decrease rural poverty in the region. C Its goal is to design and implement rural development programs that will produce results over the medium haul, based on national rural poverty reduction strategies, financing successive steps according to the results achieved in preceding stages, while at the same time ensuring that suitable policies prevail and promoting institutional strengthening as the first (pre-investment) stage of the process. C It reinforces the importance of designing rural development programs that include decentralization of activities and active participation by beneficiaries and, where warranted specific components for providing access to land and credit, and promoting agricultural and nonagricultural rural microenterprises. C It aims to establish closer coordination with other development, technical cooperation and lending agencies, as well as national, subregional and municipal development organizations, and to coordinate the various internal activities of the Bank related to rural development, ensuring closer integration of effort. C It stresses the need to focus greater attention on the execution and monitoring of operations, strengthening the Bank's Country Offices and the executing agencies working at the municipal and community level, providing the necessary flexibility to make changes during the execution of programs, evaluating results and applying them in subsequent stages or new programs. C It calls to continue to upgrade the Bank's technical capacity to ensure that the Country Offices and Headquarters have the necessary professional expertise to design, execute and evaluate rural development programs.


Murine Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection leads to elevated plasma endotoxin‐like activity levels not related to parasitaemia levels accompanied by the development of acute‐phase response and increased plasma levels of serum amyloid P (SAP) and haptoglobin (Hp). To determine the source of the endotoxin‐like activity and role of secondary bacterial infection in the pathogenesis of trypanosomosis, infected mice were treated with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Plasma endotoxin‐like activity levels, irrespective of treatment, were elevated three‐ to fourfold, beginning 7 days after infection. Plasma protein concentrations increased markedly following infection from 7 days after infection (DAI). Peak Hp and SAP concentrations in ciprofloxacin‐treated and ‐untreated infected mice were attained 7 and 14 DAI, respectively. Thereafter, both protein levels gradually declined until the end of the experiment, but Hp levels for non‐treated mice declined up to 21 DAI and thereafter significantly increased on 28 and 35 DAI. Whole‐trypanosome lysate and the membrane‐enriched fraction demonstrated endotoxin‐like activity, with the former having higher levels. The results suggest that the endotoxin‐like activity in trypanosome fractions and plasma of infected mice is due to the trypanosome. Further elevation of haptoglobin during the late stages of infection in non‐treated mice suggests the involvement of secondary bacterial infection.


This paper analyzed the flux characteristics of the double-sided switched reluctance linear machine. The magnetic equivalent circuit is given. The magnetization curves at six special mover positions are respectively calculated by the flux tube method, the magnetic flux paths distribution of air gap segments are presented, and the details of the magnetic reluctance component of each path are described. The calculated magnetization curves at six special mover positions is used as the switches for training the magnetic flux linkage model based on the BP neural networks with a GA algorithm. The mathematical mapping relationship between the mover position and the phase current to the magnetic flux linkage is established, and the magnetic flux linkage at certain mover position and certain phase current is calculated by the mathematical mapping relationship. Simulation and the experimental study with the prototype hardware are carried out on the magnetization curves at six special mover positions and three velocities of the mover. It is shown that the magnetization curves at six special mover positions calculated by magnetic equivalent circuit are consistent with the 3-D FEM calculated data and the experimental data, and the simulated phase current waveforms are also consistent with the experimental results. The magnetic equivalent circuit, the analytical calculation of the magnetization curves at six special mover positions, and the BP neural networks magnetic flux linkage model with GA algorithm are validated.


We consider two semi-online scheduling problems on a single batch (processing) machine with jobs' nondecreasing processing times and jobs' nonincreasing processing times, respectively. Our objective is to minimize the makespan. A batch processing machine can handle up to B jobs simultaneously. We study an unbounded model where B = ***. The jobs that are processed together construct a batch, and all jobs in a batch start and complete at the same time. The processing time of a batch is given by the longest processing time of any job in the batch. Jobs arrive over time. Let p j denote the processing time of job J j . Given job J j and its following job J j + 1 , we assume that p j + 1 *** ***p j , where *** *** 1 is a constant number, for the first problem with jobs' nondecreasing processing times. For the second problem, we assume that p j + 1 ≤ ***p j , where 0 < *** < 1 is a constant number. We propose an optimal algorithm for both problems with a competitive ratio $\frac{\sqrt{\alpha^2+4}-\alpha}{2}+1$ for the first problem and $\frac{\sqrt{4\alpha+1}+1}{2}$ for the second problem.


Industrial Microencapsulation: Polymers for Microcapsule Walls Design Of Polymeric Drug Delivery Systems for Controlled Release of Antitumour Drugs The Use of Gelatin and Alginate for the Immobilization of Bioactive Agents Microcapsules for Multiple Emulsions Biodegradable Microspheres for Controlled Drug Delivery Nanoparticles - Colloidal Delivery Systems for Drugs and Vaccines Liposomes and Polysialic Acids as Drug Delivery Systems Encapsulation in Softgels for Pharmaceutical Advantage Small Packages that Deliver Big Ideas: An Inside Look into Microcapsule Technology On-line Monitoring and Control of the (Co-)Polymer Encapsulation of TiO2 in Aqueous Emulsion Systems Why Infusion and Not Microcapsules or Other Controlled Release Methods? Polymeric Formulations of Pest Control Agents The Temperature Controlled Uptake and Release of Molecules and Ions using a Polymeric Microgel Encapsulation Controlled Release of Flavours and Fragrances Encapsulation of Industrial Enzymes.


Styryl colorants find applications in the field of textiles as well as in functional areas. Heat stability of colorants becomes critical in all these areas. In this work heat stable colorants containing carboxamide groups (represented by the structure A) are synthesized and compared with parallel series of colorants containing sulphonamide group (represented by structure B). It has been found that carboxamide containing dyes are superior in heat stability. The absorption characteristic and their fastness properties on polyester fabric are studied. foruma chem.


Glass ceramics of the composition (Bi0.8Pb0.2)4Sr3Ca3Cu4O8 prepared by the melt quenching technique and the crystalline phases produced by the rapid thermal annealing have been studied by electrical resistivity and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements in the temperature range from liquid helium up to room temperature. The concentration of the EPR active Cu2☎ paramagnetic centers decreases as conductivity increases for the glass ceramics and disappears after crystallization and the growth of superconducting phases, similar to bulk high-Tc superconductors. The KPR spectra of both glass and crystallized ceramics after short-time annealing indicate the coexistence of Cu2☎ paramagnetic ions and the exchange coupled clusters.


Niccolò Machiavelli (1469–1527) long ago observed, "In the order of things it is found that one never seeks to avoid one inconvenience without running into another; but prudence consists in knowing how to recognize the qualities of inconveniences, and in picking the less bad as good." Given these complex conditions of engagement, it is critical that the relationship between architecture and health be revised. While perhaps partly responsible, architecture is not always capable of providing positive solutions for the environment or the "sick" body. Instead, a confused and anxious contemporary architecture struggles to produce new manifestations that avoid exalting the spectacle of capital of the last twenty years. While architecture is looking once again into the ambiguous political, cultural, moral, and, above all, social ideas of health and medicalization for both justification and a new mandate, it should seek to challenge – rather than pacify – the newly emerging neo-liberal agenda and question a medicalized vision and approach toward health issues.


Patient's Perception for Developing Research Questions of a Clinical Practice Guideline of Korean Medicine for Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Survey Seo Young Choi, Ji Min Bae, Ji Won Choi, Gi Young Yang, Byung Ryul Lee, Kun Hyung Kim Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University


Through certain philosophical visions, this paper ponders on a few basic hermeneutic issues of the Zhouyi. Firstly, as far as its genetic nature is concerned, the Zhouyi is a book of divination; by its subtle and profound connotations, it is a learning of integrity of heaven and human being; for its history of development, the Zhouyi experienced a process of academic characters transformation, promotion and evolution. Secondly, this paper tentatively points out the philosophical meaning conceived in the divination, and the ultimate realm which incorporates heaven, earth, humanity, and the myriad of things derived from divination is the source of its inexhaustible connotations. Thirdly, the basic work for the Yi studies relies on probing into the old Text and clarifying the expressing quality for the Zhouyi, in view of which this paper proposes returning to the tradition of the Yi zhuan.


The device for the definition of the integrated circuits load-driving capability is offered. Device for determining the output capability of microcircuits refers to the field of microminiaturization and the technology of radio electronic equipment and can be used to control the parameters of microcircuits during their production. The device contains a rectangular pulse generator, an integrated circuit that is being tested, a repeater, load, a switch, an AND gate, a comparator, a pulse counter and a voltage reference, a vibrator, a reversible pulse counter, a decoder, and an indicator. Technical result when implementing the disclosed solution is high accuracy and reliability of determining load capacity of microcircuits. The proposed device allows increasing accuracy and reliability of defining circuits load-driving capacity. It also allows testing of TTL, Schottky-TTL, and MOSFET circuits. There are two switchable operating modes for testing fan-out for logical high and low levels. It is easy to replace a circuit that is being tested and load.


Two companies are providing a service the public will buy in the form of railroad passenger service. Both companies have brought new equity capital to their railroad passenger business, and both companies are run by people who are outsiders to the railroad industry. Auto Train runs a tourist train service between Lorton, Virginia and Sanford, Florida, and will haul the family automobile on the same train with the family. Scenic Railways operates two tourist lines: one at Lake Tahoe, California, and one in the Colorado-New Mexico area. Auto Train uses reconditioned passenger cars, and the Colorado-New Mexico line uses boxcars from the turn of the century. Auto Train contracts with two railroads to operate its trains, but all contact with the public is by Auto Train personnel. Scenic Railways hires all its own staff. Each operation is small enough to be managed, and neither has labor or institutional burdens. Each operation sells what the customer wants to buy, not what the railroad wants to provide.


This paper presents a beam element for the numerical analysis of nonlinear stability problems encountered at semi-rigid frames composed of the straight and prismatic thin-walled beam members. The equations of equilibrium are derived using the updated Lagrangian incremental description and the nonlinear displacement field of asymmetric thin-walled cross-sections. To account for the semi-rigid connection behaviour, a special transformation procedure is developed. The numerical algorithm is implemented in a computer program and its reliability is validated trough the test problems.


Motivated by the features of video content that can have multiple versions with different qualities and be divided into several chunks, this paper proposes a caching and transcoding scheme for individual video chunks in the hierarchical wireless network. The proposed policy determines which contents, what quality, and how many chunks to be cached and transcoded depending on different cache sizes, computing resources, and communication overheads for different tiers. Considering adaptive quality selection at the transmitter end, we formulate the expected quality maximization problem, while guaranteeing delay-constrained video delivery. The proposed scheme controls tradeoffs between the following metrics: 1) transcoding and transmission time, 2) content quality and diversity of caching, and 3) caching more fractions and caching more contents. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides an improved content quality while guaranteeing the delay constraint, compared to traditional caching which stores the entire files only.


The interpersonal needs of the counselor and counselee, as measured by FIRO-B, were assessed to determine their effect on the subject's relction to a cuunseling interview. Each counselor and counselee net with a compatible and an incompatible subject within the counterbalanced research designed. The results indicate that there was no significant difference between the counselors' reactions and the counseleoa' reactions for the conpatible and inocmpatible interviewe. ftrther investigation using specific interpersonal needs


Abstract : In Naval training operations resources are used to turn raw recruits into trained personnel. The resources used to produce these trained personnel include labor, primarily in the form of enlisted instructors, and capital, largely composed of barracks, but also including classrooms and other buildings, as well as training equipment. The purpose of the study is to determine the output capability, or capacity, of the Navy's initial entry training bases under current and alternative operating policies, as well as under various output requirements associated with alternative force levels.


April 22nd,2009.SHANGHAI—the export of Chinese traditional commodities has been held back since the subprime mortgage crisis broke out in the USA.


The Glasgow School of Art celebrated its centenary on 15th December 2009. The building's functional constancy over the century makes it one of the finest examples of sustainable buildings in the country. Due to its influence on Glasgow's Art and Architecture, it is worth studying its performance and finding out the factors which make this building so efficient. This study demonstrates the significance of architectonics by looking at the architectural values of the building and its environmental performance. The research aims to find out the positive and negative aspects of the building and how they can be improved upon.


OBJECTIVE:To explore the ward round model of clinical pharmacists.METHODS:The ward round model of clinical pharmacists was designed and explored based on clinical practice.RESULTS CONCLUSION:Clinical pharmacists can engage in ward rounds either in cooperation with physicians or alone in special department,or by targeting at those patients using certain drugs.Each model has its distinctive characteristics and clinical pharmacists can choose suitable model based on their own level as well as the conditions in software,hardware and environment so as to facilitate rational administration.


This study aimed to explore the gap regarding technology integration between urban and rural schools based on theWill Skill Tool model. This study was guided by three main questions: 1) Is there any significant difference in termsof technology availability between rural and urban elementary schools?; 2) Is there any significant difference interms of teachers' attitudes, competence, levels and experiences in technology integration between rural and urbanelementary schools?; 3) Is there any significant difference in terms of students' attitudes, competence andexperiences in technology integration between rural and urban elementary schools? This was a survey study with 275teachers and 293 students as participants in southern Taiwan. Half of the participants came from regular urbanschools and the other half were from disadvantaged rural schools. T-tests and Chi-Square tests were done to examinedifferences. The results showed that there was a significant difference in technology availability between rural andurban schools, including the number of interactive whiteboards, desktops in labs, notebooks, netbooks, and tabletcomputers. There was also a difference in teacher overall high-tech integration level between rural and urban schools.Urban teachers reached the level of "familiarity and confidence" but rural teachers only stayed at the level of"understanding and application of the process." Teachers' experience, purpose and difficulty in technologyintegration between rural and urban schools were also slightly different. In addition, there was a difference instudents' experience and preference in using technology to learn, especially using interactive whiteboards in learning.


Time-of-flight (ToF) cameras suffer from systematic errors, which can be an issue in many application scenarios. In this paper, we investigate the error characteristics of eight different ToF cameras. Our survey covers both well established and recent cameras including the Microsoft Kinect V2. We present up to six experiments for each camera to quantify different types of errors. For each experiment, we outline the basic setup, present comparable data for each camera, and discuss the respective results. The results discussed in this paper enable the community to make appropriate decisions in choosing the best matching camera for a certain application. This work also lays the foundation for a framework to benchmark future ToF cameras. Furthermore, our results demonstrate the necessity for correcting characteristic measurement errors. We believe that the presented findings will allow 1) the development of novel correction methods for specific errors and 2) the development of general data processing algorithms that are able to robustly operate on a wider range of cameras and scenes.


A poor household is a condition in which the individual is unable, namely based on his economy in meeting his daily needs based on the average standard of living in the general public in a certain area. This inadequacy situation is due to the low daily income in meeting secondary and tertiary needs. This low income will certainly result in a reduced ability to meet the average standard of living, such as public health and education. know in depth about the role of the Orphan House in Helping Poor Households in Medan City. The research method used is interviews and literature review or literature review. In this study, assistance from orphanages can ease the burden on poor households and the poor must be very helpful because of the many aid programs from orphanages. The Ar-Rahman orphanage assistance program is assistance in the fields of animal husbandry, agriculture, plantations and other programs that Of course, it is very beneficial for the poor and underprivileged in financing their lives, even though there are obstacles in its implementation, but the orphanage assistance program must continue to be carried out.
Keywords: Orphans, Community, and Poor


: Objective: Tinea capitis is a common children's disease in the southern part of Xinjiang province, China. Trichophyton schoenleinii is the only causative agent of tinea favosa, which is a relatively common infection in southern Xinjiang. Materials: In the previous study, the molecular epidemiological study of Trichophyton schoenleinii showed that the strains from Xinjiang have different genotypes compared to the strains from mainland China. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity of 33 T. schoenleinii strains isolated from favus children in Hotan, a famous area in old SilkRoad, which is located at southern Xinjiang. Results: The sequences of rDNA NTS regions of 33 strains were identical. Genotyping study of these strains by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of ribosomal dna (rDNA) non-transcribed spacer (NTS) region used restriction enzyme Ddel showed that 33 strains divided into 10 genotypes. Conclusion: Our result indicated that different geno typicstrains of T. schoenleinii were prevalent among the children in Hotan, and PCR-RFLP analysis of DNA NTS region is a reliable tool for geno typing study of T. schoenleinii.


One of the most exciting aspects of organic synthesis is the creation of a new and useful substance that is not available in nature. Various artificial oligosaccharides, so-called "Neoglycoconjugates" [Lee , Y.C., and Lee, R.T., Eds. (1994) Neoglycoconjugates, San Diego, Academic Press], have been accordingly created. Neoglycoconjugates are the oligosaccharide mimetics and therefore designed as ligands of oligosaccharide-recognizing proteins. On the other hand, there exist a number of artificial oligosaccharides that were designed as peptide mimetics [Ishida, H., Inoue, Y. (1999) Reviews on Heteroatom Chemistry 19, 79-142], though most of them have no biological activities. The ultimate goal in developing the saccharidebased peptide mimetics is to get a substance of high biological activity and of tolerance to peptidases. The paper published recently describes the use of an oligosaccharide scaffold to construct mimetics for the DNA-recognizing site of GCN4, one of the gene regulatory proteins [Xuereb, H., Maletic, M, Gildersleeve, J., Pelczer, I., and Kahne, D. (2000) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122,1883-1890]. This study is outstanding in that rational design of peptide mimetics led to an artificial oligosaccharide having high biological acitivity. The DNA-binding region of GCN4 forms ƒ¿-helix and the arginine and lysine side chains emerging from the flanks of the helix bind to the phosphate backbone in the major groove of a DNA duplex. This structure can be viewed as a cylinder from which positively charged groups emanate. Thus they searched for an oligosaccharide having a rod-like structure to construct a scaffold mimicking the cylinder part of the recognition helix. Conformational analysis using molecular mechanics calculations indicated that a homopolymer of ƒ¿-1,4-linked fucose has the rod-like structure. Since hydrophobicity was expected to help facilitate groove binding, 2-deoxyfucose was chosen as a monomer building block. To put the positively charged groups in the right position, each 3-OH of the fucose residues was substituted with an amino group, which is linked to guanidino functionality through a glycine spacer. They decided to synthesize a pentamer of the fucose derivative to satisfy the length of the recognition helix, and accomplished the synthesis taking advantage of the efficient glycosidation method developed by them, i.e., activation of a glycosylsulfoxide. It was confirmed by NOESY measurement that the


In this paper, a model and architecture of an Agent - based Multimedia User Interface will be presented. We introduce two types of agents: User Agents and Media Agents. As User Agents we propose a Browsing Agent responsible for preparing the presentation scenario and a Filtering-Scheduling Agent responsible for handling of the new items. Media Agents are used for different media manipulation. The internal structure of all agents is based on the Visual Widgets [11]. The first experiments show that the fuzzy set theory is a useful tool for modelling the Agents' activities.


We assessed infection with hepatitis B virus in 357 Ethiopians who immigrated to Israel. Hepatitis B virus infection, as measured by the presence in the serum of HBsAg, anti‐HBs, or anti‐HBc, started at an early age (35% at the age of 1 to 4 years) and reached an overall rate of 98% in individuals over 40 years old. A high rate of HBsAg antigenemia in the young age group (19% at the age of 1 to 8 years) was associated with HBeAg and serum hepatitis B virus DNA. However, hepatitis B virus DNA was rarely detected in HBsAg‐positive serum of older individuals who were anti‐HBe‐positive. No hepatitis B virus DNA sequences were detected in the serum of individuals who had anti‐HBs. Despite the extremely high rate of hepatitis B virus infection that occurred at an early age, no clinical evidence of chronic liver disease in this population was detected.


Gilly Lehmann : English cooks and French cuisine. French food was fashionable in 18th-century England, and the aristocracy and their imitators demanded French dishes. English authors were therefore obliged to give French recipes, while their fear of losing their jobs to Frenchmen (plus traditional antipathy to things French) made them denounce French cooks and cuisine. This contradictory attitude led them to attack an imaginary French cuisine, moral values replacing culinary judgements. Meanwhile, they were accepting French dishes ; hostility disappears from English cookery books by 1770, to be replaced by approbation for frugal French eating habits. Thus, a new myth is being manufactured.


Birds and Climate Change: Impacts and Conservation Responses by James W. Pearce-Higgins and Rhys E. Green. 2014. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. xiþ467 pp., 19 tables, 82 figures. $130.00 (hardcover). ISBN 978-0-52111428-8. $74.99 (paperback). ISBN 978-0-521-13219-0. A quick search onWeb of Science using the keywords birds and climate change reveals that more than 22,000 scientific papers have been written on the subject. Given the rising importance of climate change in ornithology, the question is how one can possibly provide a comprehensive review of a subject that spans decades, multiple continents, and hundreds of species. To answer this question, simply pick up a copy of Birds and Climate Change by James W. Pearce-Higgins and Rhys E. Green. This book, the culmination of six years of hard work, is a masterful review of the scientific evidence that birds remain our most important biological indicators of how species are responding to modern climate change. There are several notable books on birds and climate change, but Pearce-Higgins and Green, both leading scientists in climate change research, provide a unique addition to this body of work. Birds and Climate Change is not an edited volume with contributions from various scientists, but rather it is written in a cohesive and consistent voice that enhances readability. The book consists of two equally substantive parts. Part I, ''Impacts,'' is a balanced overview of the biological impacts of climate change on birds, including changes in the timing of migration, breeding phenology, phenological mismatches, geographic ranges, demographic and population impacts, and community dynamics. Importantly, the authors avoid the pitfalls of focusing on a single geographic region or taxonomic guild and instead provide an exhaustive review of these effects on birds that inhabit a diversity of environments, ranging from tropical rainforests to frozen tundra. Pearce-Higgins and Green present these findings by using two effective vehicles of storytelling: species-specific case studies—for example, Red Grouse (Lagopus lagopus scotia) or European Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca)—and meta-analyses compiled from numerous published studies. By so doing, they provide an effective narrative that uses both realistic, in-depth examples (to explain biological and demographic nuances) and broader summaries of existing studies (to more rigorously quantify how climate change affects multiple species and regions). The meta-analyses are carefully constructed contributions to our knowledge of climateinduced changes in phenology and range shifts that alone would make for essential manuscripts on the subject.


Unit electricity generation cost from an energy resource such as coal with the help of energy conversion systems such as cogeneration cycle power plant (CGCPP) is dependent upon many of the factors such as (a) system structure which is comprised of layout and design (b) system availability which is further dependent upon maintenance (c) power plant thermal efficiency and other regulatory aspects. These are the parameters which are affecting power plant performance. These are numerous in number and nature. For the complete analysis of cogeneration cycle power plant a multi attribute decision making (MADM) technique is required to study the effect of one parameter on the others. In the present analysis a combination of two mathematical tools graph theory and matrix method is used to develop a methodology to evaluate cogeneration cycle power plant performance. The maximum and minimum value of cogeneration cycle power plant performance index is calculated which indicates the range with in which it can vary. This range can be compared with real time value in order asses the relative performance of the system in real time situation.


Based on the case study,the paper explores the current situations and problems about risk management under centralized control of funds in Chinese enterprise groups.It's found that(1) the intensification level,group credit,internal financing innovation,and financial service mode are significantly improved after central management implemented in funds of groups.(2) the function of the risk management,risk identification,and evaluation system runs better in finance companies than in settlement centers.(3) all groups face problems such as the establishment of the financial operation platform matched with group management and the full implement of the risk management system.


Background: Neural respiratory drive (NRD) using diaphragm electromyography through an invasive transesophageal multi-electrode catheter can be used as a feasible clinical physiological parameter in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to provide useful information on the treatment response. However, it remains unknown whether the surface diaphragm electromyogram (EMGdi) could be used to identify the deterioration of clinical symptoms and to predict the necessity of hospitalization in acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) patients. Methods: COPD patients visiting the outpatient department due to acute exacerbation were enrolled in this study. All patients who were subjected to EMGdi and classical parameters such as spirometry parameters, arterial blood gas analysis, COPD assessment test (CAT) score, and the modified early warning score (MEWS) in outpatient department, would be treated effectively in the outpatient or inpatient settings according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease guideline. When the acute exacerbation of the patients was managed, all the examination above would be repeated. Results: We compared the relationships of admission-to-discharge changes (&Dgr;) in the normalized value of the EMGdi, including the change of the percentage of maximal EMGdi (&Dgr;EMGdi%max) and the change of the ratio of minute ventilation to the percentage of maximal EMGdi (&Dgr;VE/EMGdi%max) with the changes of classical parameters. There was a significant positive association between &Dgr;EMGdi%max and &Dgr;CAT, &Dgr;PaCO2, and &Dgr;pH. The change (&Dgr;) of EMGdi%max was negatively correlated with &Dgr;PaO2/FiO2 in the course of the treatment of AECOPD. Compared with the classical parameters including forced expiratory volume in 1 s, MEWS, PaO2/FiO2, the EMGdi%max (odds ratio 1.143, 95% confidence interval 1.004–1.300) has a higher sensitivity when detecting the early exacerbation and enables to predict the admission of hospital in the whole cohort. Conclusions: The changes of surface EMGdi parameters had a direct correlation with classical measures in the whole cohort of AECOPD. The measurement of NRD by surface EMGdi represents a practical physiological biomarker, which may be helpful in detecting patients who should be hospitalized timely.


In the world scenario, there is no proper fast generating alert system was implemented to report about the natural disasters. There is less possible to take immediate rescue process to save the people. The proposed model generates an automatic alert text as SMS or E-mail by extracting keywords from the tweets shared by the twitter users. The Support vector machine a machine learning algorithm used to analyze on tweets for separating positive and negative class. The system interfaces Maximum Peak of the particular keyword like Earthquake along with a particular time and at a particular location. The time and location is extracted using Stemming algorithm. Immediately an automatic alert is send as SMS and E-mail to the registered tweet users as well as to the Nearest Rescue Team.


Abstract (RE)BCO thin films prepared by PLD and MOCVD techniques were investigated to characterize structural defects - outgrowths in thin film. For this purpose SEM, EDX analysis and LSCM were used. Outgrowths are often penetrating into the thin films. Evident differences in chemical heterogeneity, outgrowth morphology and outgrowths density between PLD and MOCVD thin films were proven in this study.


Richard Valantasis has organized an impressive range of translated sources loosely based in Late Antiquity (though his introduction explicitly appropriates a slightly broader definition than usual): forty-four passages of varying length, from almost as many contributors. The aim of the Princeton Religions in Practice series, of which this is part, is to take largely untranslated sources 'breaking down the sometimes misleading stereotypes inherited from the past . . . to provide both more expansive and more focused perspectives in the richness and diversity of religious expressions'. Though these particular sources are focused on the literary (and therefore largely elite) tradition rather than more diverse evidence, the range here is fascinating. The collection picks up on a rapidly burgeoning current interest in religion, and especially the diversification of focus away from the works that have dominated discussion. Thus, for the most part, we have deliberately obscure or neglected texts that exemplify particular religious initiatives in a range of religious movements of Late Antiquity: Christianities, paganisms, Manichaeism, Judaism are all represented here in often unexpected modes. The arrangement in various themes refuses to allow any particular strand to predominate and emphasizes the diversity rather than any hierarchy of the material. We have come a long way from the days when the 'later Empire' and 'Late Antiquity' were never far from the words 'growing' and 'superstition'. The range of pieces here forms a useful complement to, and, at times, subversion of, more typically cited source material. Each receives an introduction that locates the passage, with varying success, in its wider context. The pieces themselves are long enough to provide a sustained sense of their subject matter, rather than being (merely) illustrative snippets: as such it complements other sourcebooks on the same period rather than competing with them on the same terms. To some extent this compensates for the lack of detailed commentary that some texts may well require in teaching. As a teaching tool, or even specialist reading, editions such as this are always welcome, since they illustrate just how pointillistic is our experience and understanding of ancient religion: not so much a symphony as a harmony, sometimes a cacophony, of variously contrasting voices. The lack of detailed comment on the texts that short commentaries would have provided means that the reading of meaning is largely unregulated. That particular burden is shifted to course tutors, but not until students have had the chance to raise their own questions. Most will need to go beyond some of the brief bibliographies to answer the questions that will inevitably be raised after the reading of these excerpts that so vividly represent their multifarious, lively and, at times, utterly different world.


Objectives Unilateral STN DBS for Parkinson's disease (PD) improves ipsilateral symptoms, but how this occurs is not well understood. We investigated if unilateral STN DBS suppresses contralateral STN beta activity in the local field potential (LFP), since previous research has shown that activity in the beta band can correlate with the severity of contralateral clinical symptoms and is modulated by DBS. Methods We recorded STN LFPs from 14 patients who underwent bilateral STN DBS for PD. Following a baseline recording, unilateral STN stimulation was delivered at therapeutic parameters whilst LFPs were recorded from the contralateral (unstimulated) STN.


This paper discusses the application of multiresolution image fusion techniques to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and Landsat imagecy. Results were acquired through the development and application of image fusion software to test images. The test images were fused using six image fusion techniques that are the combinations from three types of image decomposition algorithms (ratio of low pass [RoLP] pyramids, gradient pyramids, and morphological pyramids) and two types of fusion algorithms (selection and hybrid selection and averaging). Based upon test results, this study concludes that: small details in city areas make morphological pyramids ineffective, selection forms of fusion do not effectively combine the data, RoLP and gradient pyramids with hybrid fusion produce the best results, and optimum pyramid depth is dependent upon the size of detail in the images.


David, H. A., and Edwards, A. W. F. (2001), Annotated Readings in the History of Statistics, New York: Springer. Edwards, A. W. F. (2005), "1925 R. A. Fisher, Statistical Methods for Research Workers," in Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics, 1640–1940, ed. I. Grattan-Guinness, Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 856–870. Fisher, R. A. (1934), "Two New Properties of Mathematical Likelihood," Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Ser. A, 144, 285–307. Neyman, J. (1934), "On the Two Different Aspects of the Representative Method: The Method of Stratified Sampling and the Method of Purposive Selection" (with discussion), Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 97, 558– 625. Pearson, E. S., and Hartley, H. O. (1954), Biometrika Tables for Statisticians, Vol. I, Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.


The Oecusse-Ambeno enclave of Timor has persisted as a geographically distinct zone under Portuguese governance for over three centuries, enduring repeated efforts to undo its enclave status. This article analyses the confluence of economic, religious, and political elements that brought and kept Oecusse within Portuguese rule on Timor. Strong local authorities controlled trade linkages, maintained political and military ties with colonial rule, and wove Catholicism into existing customary practices and hierarchies, forging a strong regional identity that fostered sustained alliance with the Portuguese. Finally, the article discusses the impacts of Oecusse's enclave status over the past century.


The paper describes a method for preparation of aluminium fluoride using fluorspar as starting material. Fluorspar is digested with sulphuric acid, ammonium sulphate and boric acid when fluoboric acid and gypsum are formed. Fluoboric is separated from the resulting gypsum slurry and neutralized with hydrated alumina and ammonium carbonate. The double salt ammonium aluminium fluoride separates out. This is filtered and dried. The dried double salt is then reacted with ignited alumina to convert it fully to aluminium fluoride in dry state. The boric acid liberated during the neutralisation with hydrated alumina is cycled back to the leaching stage. The carbon dioxide evolved during neutralisation and ammonia released during reaction of the double salt with ignited alumina may be recovered to form ammonium carbonate to be recycled to neutralisation stage. Calcium sulphate is obtained as a by-product from the digestion of fluorspar. The process is applicable to metallurgical grade fluorspar low in iron. (Shri M.L. Dey, Senior Technical Assistant and Shri Gurdial Singh, Scientist, National Metallurgical Laboratory)


A high-gain $2\times 2$ millimeter-wave filtenna subarray without any extra filtering circuits is presented by employing a novel high-order substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity. By locating particular vias on the center lines, the SIW cavity is equally divided into four sub-cavities. Exciting by a coupling slot along one side wall, TE210 mode can be excited in each sub-cavity, and quasi-TE410 mode can be produced by the left/right half sub-cavity, simultaneously. A radiating aperture with an embedded patch is loaded on each sub-cavity to form a $2\times 2$ subarray. Three resonances introduced by the TE210 and quasi-TE410 SIW cavity modes and the TM10 patch mode are operated to obtain a wide impedance bandwidth. Meanwhile, quasi-TE310 and quasi-TE330 SIW cavity modes are excited at the lower and upper band edges, respectively, to produce radiation nulls. Another radiation null at upper band edge can be produced by the mixed electric and magnetic coupling between the patches and the SIW cavity. Hence, a bandpass filtering response can be successfully formed by these three radiation nulls. As a result, without external filtering circuits and power divider, a peak gain of 13.8 dBi can be realized by the proposed $2\times 2$ filtenna subarray. The compact and multi-functional design can be a good candidate for implementing millimeter-wave filtenna array with large scale and high performance.


Abstract In this paper an extended generalized Mittag-Leffler function Eρ,σ,τδ,r,q,c(z;p) $\begin{array}{} \displaystyle E_{\rho,\sigma,\tau}^{\delta,r,q,c}(z;p) \end{array}$ and the corresponding fractional integral operator εa+,ρ,σ,τw,δ,q,r,cf $\begin{array}{} \displaystyle \varepsilon_{a^{+},\rho,\sigma,\tau}^{w,\delta,q,r,c}f \end{array}$ are defined and used to obtain generalizations of Opial-type inequalities due to Mitrinović and Pečarić. Also, some interesting properties of this function and its integral operator are discussed. Several known results are deduced.


Network-on-chip (NoC) is being considered as a promising model to overcome the communication bottleneck of future multicore systems. It plays an important role in determining the area and power of the entire chip. As a basic component in on-chip router, arbiter has a large impact on the performance of router. A centralized arbiter called switch arbiter resolves conflicts between the input ports to get the access for the same output port. The design of such power and area efficient switch arbiter for Network on Chip is a major challenge in DSM technology. This paper proposes a novel switch arbiter that reduces power dissipation and consumes less area in comparison to conventional switch arbiter. The novel switch arbiter has been designed using twisted ring counter instead of ring counter to increase its performance. Simulation results have been carried out using Cadence Design Framework with 180nm technology.


Air Traffic Management helps to ensure all users have the opportunity to safely accomplish their operational goals while maintaining National Airspace System (NAS) efficiency. Advancements in technology and the rising number of space flight operations has brought and will continue to bring new participants into the NAS, adding complexity to coordination and decision-making processes. The MITRE Corporation is analyzing current processes and identifying how more standardized communication mechanisms and information flows may make the process for air traffic management of launch and re-entry operations more efficient, standard, and repeatable. Open Collaboration is a primary objective and is generally enabled by an Information Sharing Capability (ISC). ISC exploration efforts are leveraging a MITRE research program project and associated concept, Traffic Flow Management Initiatives Performance Status (TIPS). The TIPS concept has developed methods to improve access to relevant information and traffic management collaboration through the use of data portals and information sharing technologies. This paper discusses the research analysis for use cases of the TIPS project and the development of a prototype TIPS ISC app, which guides stakeholders through a standard workflow process, simultaneously facilitating coordination and collaboration. It is envisioned that these processes and technologies can be applied to any complex ATM collaboration environment.


In many high-end systems, there is a growing need to replace copper interconnects with optical interconnects for link lengths up to 600 meters. 12-channel parallel-optical interconnects with each channel operating at a data rate up to 10 Gb/s are designed, assembled, and demonstrated. This is achieved using bottom-emitting 990-nm VCSELs and bottom-illuminated photodetectors (PDs) flip-chip bonded directly to 12-channel transmitter and receiver integrated circuits, respectively. Results show a 12-channel parallel-optical transmitter module operating at a data rate of 10 Gb/s per channel with all 12 channels operating simultaneously. In addition, a 12-channel parallel-optical receiver module with each channel operating at a data rate up to 10 Gb/s with all channels operating simultaneously is demonstrated. A BER <10/sup -12/ is measured on a single channel operating at a data rate of 10 Gb/s with all 12 channels operating simultaneously after transmission over 100 meters of 50-/spl mu/m core standard multimode ribbon fiber.


Abstract : The purpose of the project is to review current DoD policy governing the development and upgrade of interoperable command, control, communication, and intelligence (C3I) and weapon systems. Our focus, therefore, is those elements of DoD policy that pertain to the IT component of these programs. We reviewed this policy area to identify ambiguities, conflicts, overlaps, and shortfalls in these policies and to recommend solutions for clarifying the ambiguities, mitigating the shortfalls, filling the gaps, and resolving the conflicts we found in the policy statements. We examined five policy areas that apply to the interoperability of C3I and weapon systems. We started by looking at the requirement-gathering process. The current process is governed by requirement policy as defined in the Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDS) documentation. Next, we reviewed DoD acquisition policy as determined by DoD 5000 series documentation, as well as several recent studies of the acquisition system that identify where current policy may be deficient and can be improved. Following acquisition, we turned our focus to examining interoperability and supportability policy that has been developed and recently revised specifically for IT systems. Next, we examined a new policy area designed to enhance and ensure the effective integration of global information grid (GIG) component programs so they perform effectively as an end-to-end (E2E) system of systems. Policies in this new area are in the net-centric implementation documents (NCIDs). Finally, we examine information assurance (IA) policy.


We present the case for DTNServ, a service class framework for the delay tolerant network architecture, that can greatly improve the communications interface between DTN applications and the network implementation. Through this framework, user applications can be efficiently informed about the state of the network and communicate their needs, allowing for more informed provisioning and scheduling decisions. We present an initial design for service classes, discuss the implications of this addition, and outline opportunities for further research in this area.


Model abstraction reduces the number of states necessary to perform formal verification while maintaining the functionality of the original model with respect to the specifications to be verified. However, in order to perform model abstraction, we must extract the semantics of the model itself. In this paper, we describe a method for extracting VHDL semantics for model abstraction to improve the performance of formal verification tools such as COSPAN.


Abstract The Cayley–Bacharach theorem states that all cubic curves through eight given points in the plane also pass through a unique ninth point. We write that point as an explicit rational function in the other eight.


In this paper, a microwave sensor based on an ar- tificial transmission line is proposed for non-invasive blood glucosemonitoring. Acorrespondingnumericalmodelofthe sensorimplementedinmicrostriptechnologyiscreatedinthe commercial full-wave numerical simulation tool COMSOL Multiphysics and virtually tested by means of numerical sim- ulations. Blood-glucose solution models with various blood glucose concentrations are used as a model of a biological tissue under test. Furthermore, a possible methodology for performing non-invasive tests is proposed. Sensitivity of the sensor developed here is compared to a sensor based on a section of a conventional microstrip transmission line of the same length and width.


Introduction: Medical management is a keystone in managing symptomatic fibroids. Availability of an effective, safe, and costeffective medical treatment should always be considered as an alternative to reduce the cost, morbidity, and impact of avoidable major surgeries. Objective: To study the effect of 10 mg Mifepristone on symptomatic fibroids. Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Raipur. Fifty women of the reproductive age group with symptomatic uterine fibroids with normal liver and kidney function tests were recruited. A total of 10 mg of oral Mifepristone was administered daily for 3 months. Monthly symptomatic assessment, ultrasonography, and biochemical parameters were done to assess changes. Results: There was significant reduction in menstrual blood loss (MBL) and associated symptoms. Amenorrhea occurred in 100% of women after 3 months of treatment. The fibroid volume and mean uterine size reduced by 26.2 and 26.99% respectively. Mean hemoglobin levels increased by 1.93 gm/dL. Observed side effects were few and tolerable. Conclusion: Mifepristone is an effective and safe alternative for the management of leiomyoma.


The present invention relates to a hexagonal screw provided with a temperature sensor to detect the temperature by installing a temperature sensor on the back of the head, the various mechanisms and mechanical equipment in the hexagonal screw to combine the respective parts, having a hexagonal shape It is characterized in that it comprises a head, a screw body connected to the lower portion of the head, the screw body is formed along the outer circumferential surface, and a temperature sensor configured to detect the temperature inside the head.


Abstract This paper describes the efforts of the Electrochemistry Group of the Institute of Physics and Chemistry/USP to develop electrode materials for water electrolyzers and of components for phosphoric acid fuel cells. In the last few years, several fundamental studies have been carried out in the electrocatalysis of water electrolysis reactions, particularly on hydrogen evolution, which allowed the development of materials with lower overpotentials, compared with those of conventional cathodes. In the phosphoric acid fuel cell area, substantial progress has been made in the development of teflon-bonded gas diffusion electrodes, bipolar separator plates, and electrolyte-containing matrices. These components have been tested in 50 W and 200 W phosphoric acid fuel cell modules.


This study investigated the effect of feedings taurine-enriched rotifers on the growth and development of larval red sea bream (RSB). Rotifers incubated in taurine-enriched water at a taurine concentration of 800 mg L−1 (T-800) and 0 mg L−1 (T-0) were fed to larvae from 3 to 20 days after hatching (DAH). Notochord length, body weight and specific growth rate of T-800 group were significantly greater than those of T-0 at 14, 17, 9–11 and 18–20 DAH. Taurine content of larvae in the T-800 group increased rapidly from 11 DAH and thereafter remained significantly higher than T-0. Flexion larvae firstly appeared in both groups at 8 DAH, however, at 20 DAH post-flexion larvae were significantly more abundant in T-800 than T-0. While nucleic acid and protein contents (μg mg−1 wet fish) showed remarkable changes, ontogenetic growth in RSB larvae stage was observed to switch from hyperplastic growth to hypertrophic growth with the start of the flexion stage. Although a similar change in nucleic acid contents was observed between the two groups, the protein content (μg fish−1) and protein/DNA ratio of T-800 remained higher than that of T-0 during the hypertrophic growth period. These results suggest that dietary taurine accelerates the growth and development in RSB larvae especially during hypertrophic growth (flexion stage) after the early hyperplastic growth.


Inflammation is the human body's defense mechanism to
protect from foreign invaders- yet is also the causal agent of
an array of diseases that immensely burden our society today.
The innate immune response is a nonspecific mechanism
through which inflammatory cells (e.g. neutrophils,
macrophages, etc.), destroy pathogens such as bacteria, fungi,
and viruses, and also respond to internal tissue injury. The
death of local tissues through necrosis can lead to the
introduction of molecular sequences normally found on the
inside of the cell – to the extracellular environment. These
sequences are termed damage associated molecular patterns
(DAMPs), and can bind to toll like receptors (TLRs) on
inflammatory cells to propagate a pro-inflammatory response
through the release of cytokines and chemoattractants. It is
established that intracellular molecules such as DNA, histones,
and ATP act as DAMPs upon extracellular release.1 However,
the potential of glucose as a DAMP is a research target that
requires further investigation.


Penetration testing entails attacking a system to identify and report insecurity, but doing so without harming
the system nor encroaching on the dignity of those affected by it. To improve the interaction between
penetration testers and their processes and technology, we need to understand the factors that affect
decisions they make with ethical import. This paper presents four ethical hazards faced by penetration
testers, and three safeguards that address them. We also present preliminary results validating the hazards
and safeguards.


NICT has a long history of operational ionospheric observation with ionosondes since IGY 1957. On the beginning, we had four domestic observatories, Wakkanai, Akita, Kokubunji and Yamagawa. After that Akita was closed and Okinawa joined and we operate these four observatories continuously. In addition, Syowa station in Antarctica has been observing ionosphere by NICT since IGY, too. In addition as the World Data Center for ionosphere, we have a lot of number of ionospheric data obtained by foreign institutes.


Device for treating wounds (100; 200; 300; 400; 500; 600) with at least one vacuum forming element operable directly by hand, resiliently deformable, which is arranged in a cover element wound (2) sheetlike covering the respective cavity of the wound (1) and is connected thereto without tube, wherein the vacuum forming element is a hollow (4.1 body; 4.2; 4.3; 4.4; 4.5 ), whose hollow interior space (7) is directly in contact with the cavity of the wound (1) in the state applied on the patient's body, through a hole (3) made in the covering the wound ( 2), and that the device for treating the wound has at least one absorbent body (5; 9) sucking the wound secretions, which in use is placed in the cavity of the wound (1) and it is surrounded by a casing (6) of fine pores permeable liquids.


Suprathermal electrons which carry a seed current are generated by non-resonant parametric decay instability during the initial phase of lower-hybrid current startup in the JIPP T-IIU tokamak. From the numerical analysis it is found that parametrically excited lower-hybrid waves at the lower side-band can bridge the spectral gap between the thermal-velocity region and the low-velocity end of the pump power spectrum.


Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are the cause of childhood and travellers' diarrhoea in humans. An important virulence factor of these ETEC is their ability to adhere to the intestinal epithelial cells of the host. This adhesion is mediated by proteinaceous surface appendages called fimbriae, or colonization factors. There is a clear correlation between the serotypes of the ETEC and the type of colonization factor that they produce. A similar correlation exists with respect to the type of enterotoxin produced by these strains. Expression of colonization factors is influenced by certain growth conditions (e.g. temperature) and is controlled by positive regulatory proteins. The receptors on human epithelial cells involved in ETEC adhesion have been poorly characterized. The prospects of vaccination against human ETEC using colonization factors as vaccine components are discussed in view of the fact that the prevalance of the different colonization factors varies between endemic areas.


Following the comment article by Koppenol (W. H. Koppenol, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2021, 23, DOI: 10.1039/D1CP03545B), the H2O2 decomposition reaction mechanism based on the production of a de facto monovalent iron ion hydration complex, which is theoretically proposed in T. Tsuneda and T. Taketsugu, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, 20, 24992-24999, is reviewed from the standpoint of chemical kinetics. As a result, it is found that this decomposition mechanism is strongly supported by comparing the Gibbs energies of formation in consideration of the O-O bond dissociation of H2O2 for de facto monovalent iron, ferrous, and ferric ion complexes.


The applications of any ultrathin semiconductor device are inseparable from high‐quality metal–semiconductor contacts with designed Schottky barriers. Building van der Waals (vdWs) contacts of 2D semiconductors represents an advanced strategy of lowering the Schottky barrier height by reducing interface states, but will finally fail at the theoretical minimum barrier due to the inevitable energy difference between the semiconductor electron affinity and the metal work function. Here, an effective molecule optimization strategy is reported to upgrade the general vdWs contacts, achieving near‐zero Schottky barriers and creating high‐performance electronic devices. The molecule treatment can induce the defect healing effect in p‐type semiconductors and further enhance the hole density, leading to an effectively thinned Schottky barrier width and improved carrier interface transmission efficiency. With an ultrathin Schottky barrier width of ≈2.17 nm and outstanding contact resistance of ≈9 kΩ µm in the optimized Au/WSe2 contacts, an ultrahigh field‐effect mobility of ≈148 cm2 V−1 s−1 in chemical vapor deposition grown WSe2 flakes is achieved. Unlike conventional chemical treatments, this molecule upgradation strategy leaves no residue and displays a high‐temperature stability at >200 °C. Furthermore, the Schottky barrier optimization is generalized to other metal–semiconductor contacts, including 1T‐PtSe2/WSe2, 1T′‐MoTe2/WSe2, 2H‐NbS2/WSe2, and Au/PdSe2, defining a simple, universal, and scalable method to minimize contact resistance.


To develop simple, sensitive, selective and accurate UV Spectrophotometric methods for the determination of Cephalexin in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations (Capsules). The absorbances were measured at 261(Method A) and 257 nm (Method B). The methods was found to be linear from a quantitation ranges of 5μg/ml to 40μg/ml (Method A) in Phosphate Buffer pH 2.0 and 5μg/ml to 50μg/ml (Method B) in 0.1 N HCl. The regression of the curves was Y = 0.020x -0.021 (Method A) and Y = 0.014x -0.102 (Method B). The methods gave satisfactory results in terms of repeatability and intermediate precision (RSD<1.010%) (Method A) and (RSD<0.589%) (Method B) 0.855 μg/mL and 2.85 μg/mL (Method A) and 2.357 μg/mL and 7.857 μg/mL were the LOD and LOQ values, respectively. The methods was validated and proved to be robust and rugged. The results of analysis for these methods have been validated statistically and by recovery studies.


Objective To investigate the risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in physical examination people in Tianjin.Methods The medical examination results and life style of 100 cases and 100 controls were collected to be analyzed by case-control study.The univariate analysis was used to screen out the possibly significant risk factors,then,the forward Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the independent risk factors.Results The risk factors of NALFD by univariate analysis were BMI,WHR,GLU,TG,HDL-C,VLDL-C,ALT,periumbilical subcutaneous fat thickness,triceps brachii muscle subcutaneous fat thickness,scapular subcutaneous fat thickness,frequency of restaurant dining,frequency of food taken late at night,travel mode,sports,weight increasing,nuts intake,hypertension and diabetes.The multivariate Logistic regression showed that periumbilical subcutaneous fat thickness(OR=6.68,95%CI:2.38~18.77),hypertension(OR=16.72,95%CI:3.65~76.62),weight increase(OR=16.75,95%CI:3.11~90.15),occasional consumption of nuts(OR=0.127,95%CI:0.02~0.79),TG(OR=4.91,95%CI:1.89~12.75),travel mode(OR=0.09,95%CI:0.023~0.369) were the independent factors for NAFLD.Conclusion Periumbilical subcutaneous fat thickness,hypertension,TG and significant weight increasing are independent risk factors for NAFLD,occasional consumption of nuts,walking or cycling way to get around are independent protective factors.


Despite advancements in generic object detection, there remains a performance gap in detecting small objects compared to normal-scale objects. We for the first time observe that existing bounding box regression methods tend to produce distorted gradients for small objects and result in less accurate localization. To address this issue, we present a novel Confidence-driven Bounding Box Localization (C-BBL) method to rectify the gradients. C-BBL quantizes continuous labels into grids and formulates two-hot ground truth labels. In prediction, the bounding box head generates a confidence distribution over the grids. Unlike the bounding box regression paradigms in conventional detectors, we introduce a classification-based localization objective through cross entropy between ground truth and predicted confidence distribution, generating confidence-driven gradients. Additionally, C-BBL describes a uncertainty loss based on distribution entropy in labels and predictions to further reduce the uncertainty in small object localization. The method is evaluated on multiple detectors using three object detection benchmarks and consistently improves baseline detectors, achieving state-of-the-art performance. We also demonstrate the generalizability of C-BBL to different label systems and effectiveness for high resolution detection, which validates its prospect as a general solution.


A new carbon foam tooling system has been developed that results in a low-cost, high-strength material that has been proving attractive for creation of tooling for composite parts. Composites are stronger; lighter and less subject to corrosion and fatigue than materials that are currently used for fabrication of advanced structures. Tools to manufacture these composite parts must be rigid, durable and able to offer a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) closely matching that of the composites. Current technology makes it difficult to match the CTE of a composite part in the curing cycle with anything other than a carbon composite or a nickel iron alloy such as Invar. Fabrication of metallic tooling requires many, expensive stages of long duration with a large infrastructure investment. Card ban fiber reinforced polymer resin composite tooling has a shorter lead-time but limited production use because of durability concerns. Coal-based carbon foam material has a compatible CTE and strong durability, that make it an attractive alternative for use in tooling. The use of coal-based carbon foam in tooling for carbon composites is advantageous because of its low cost, light weight, machinability , vacuum integrity and compatibility with a wide range of curing processes. Large-scale toolingmore » case studies will be presented detailing carbon foam's potential for tooling applications.« less


Pharmacodiagnostics has utility in measuring response (efficacy) or adverse side effects (safety) for both established and novel therapies. In oncology, recent advances with targeted therapeutics have demonstrated the critical importance of appropriate pharmacodiagnostic approaches. Pharmacodiagnostics based on identifying somatic molecular changes in the tumour form the basis of molecular targeting of many novel therapies. The development of Herceptin (targeting the human epidermal growthfactor receptor (HER2) oncogene in breast cancer) and Glivec (targeting breakpoint cluster regionAbelson tyrosine kinase (BCR-ABL) translocation in leukaemia) are excellent examples of the close relationship between target expression, pharmacodiagnostic tests and clinical therapeutic response.