In this paper, we present the Ardeco prototype, an assistant to experience
reuse for CAD systems, and more specifically aimed at Dassault Systemes's
Catia. This work has taken part in an interdisciplinary project, aiming at
studying both human and technical aspects of experience reuse in design. We
propose the notion of design episode to capture and represent design
experience, and a general architecture for retrieval and adaptation of
episodes.


This study is trying to apply a new method in remediation electrokinetic by inserting conductive solution between cathode and soil to be treated. This is purposed in keeping the pH in low condition and preventing the precipitation of heavy metals in the soil adjacent to the cathode that often happen in the previous electrokinetic methods. Concentration of Pb (C0), period (t), concentration of conductive solution were selected as parameters, both with artificially contaminated sand and naturally contaminated soil experiments. The experiment with natural soil C0 = 975 ppm gave lower efficiency at 32,84% when it compares with sand as the medium, with the experiment in the same condition at 87,68%. Concentration of KCl also influenced the performance of system which was shown by the increasing in removal efficiency. The double increase of conductive solution concentration does not proportionally increase the flux of Pb. Although desorption in the natural soil take time longer than in the sand the removal efficiency relatively low. This is caused by the immobile state of Pb in the natural soil and the complexity of chemical reaction between heavy metals with surface of soil particle.


(2015), following high-profile accounting scandals involving companies like Lehman Brothers, WorldCom, Enron in the U.S., Parmalat in Italy, Marconi in the U.K., Nortel in Canada, One Tel in Australia, Xerox, Adelphia, Tyco, One-Tel, HIH and Cadbury Nigeria PLC., Serious concerns were raised regarding corporate governance practices in general and the quality of financial reporting issues were sharply discussed. The results of management's stewardship of resources entrusted to it are indicated in financial reports according to IAS 1. Business activities also become increasingly complex; investors are growing and are demanding timely and relevant information. Accounting bodies, regulators, authorities and organizations around the world have dealt with the conceptual timeliness of financial reports. For example, all the provisions and recommendations on timing for the published financial reports have been established by the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the United States Security & Exchange Commission (SEC) (Abdelsalam&Straße, 2007). Corporate governance and financial reporting are interwoven with each other. Indeed, financial reporting is an essential part of the mechanism for corporate governance (Melis, 2004; Abstract: This study examined the relationship between corporate governance and financial reporting quality of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study adopted the panel methodology as well as other econometric analysis. It was discovered that there exists a significant effect of corporate governance on financial reporting quality; although both variables of corporate governance (board size and board meeting frequency) showed a negative and insignificant effect on financial reporting quality of listed deposit money banks. The study recommends that the amount of board members as well as frequency of board meeting should be considered and moderated so as to gain positive benefits from it.


In this work, the first-principles density functional calculations of the structural, elastic, electronic, magnetic, thermal and thermoelectric properties of NiVSn half-Heusler compound are carried out. The exchange and correlation potential are treated by using Generalized Gradient approximation of Perdew, Burke and Ernzerhof (GGA-PBE), GGA plus Tran–Blaha-modified Becke–Johnson (mBJ-GGA) approach and mBJ-GGA+U where U is the Hubbard on-site Coulomb interaction correction (mBJ-GGA+U). Structural calculations revealed that NiVSn is stable in type 1 structure ferromagnetic state. Elastic properties show that our compound is mechanically stable, ductile and anisotropic. The results of the band structures and density of states display a half metallic behavior of NiVSn with an indirect bandgap of 0.476, 0.508 and 0.845 eV by using GGA-PBE, mBJ-GGA, and mBJ-GGA+U, respectively. The total magnetic moment calculated is integer of 1 [Formula: see text]B confirming a half metallic behavior of NiVSn and follows the well-known Slater–Pauling rule ([Formula: see text]); therefore, the studied compound is suitable for application in spintronic fields. The thermodynamic properties such as bulk modulus, the heat capacity, the Debye temperature, and the thermal expansion coefficient are investigated using quasi-harmonic Debye model (QHDM). The thermal results show that NiVSn can be applied in extreme temperature and pressure conditions. The thermoelectric properties are studied employing the BoltzTrap code. The calculated transport properties are very interesting for the spin-down channel with high electrical conductivity, high Seebeck coefficient, and figure of merit value approaching unity. As a result, the half-Heusler alloy NiVSn is a promoter for conventional thermoelectric materials.


This study investigates L1 acquisition of Binding Principles A and B by Korean-speaking children, focusing on the children's developmental stages of binding conditions for anaphors and pronouns. Two research questions were investigated, i) How Korean children acquire the locality condition of Binding Principles A and B and ii) which theoretical account on acquisition of Binding Principles, the parameterized subset principle or the subsequent form-function correlation theory, is supported by Korean children's data on acquisition of four different reflexives. 19 native Korean children between the age 5 to 7 were tested in three various experiments. The results of this study suggest that children perform more accurately with the pronouns than reflexives at an earlier age supporting previous L1 studies on Korean. However, children as young as 6 year olds seem to differentiate the locality condition of binding monomorphemic reflexives (caki and casin) and phrasal reflexives (caki-casin and pronoun+casin). Though further experimental is required to claim the validity of form-function correlation theory in Binding Principles, the results of this study raise questions to previous L1 acquisition studies on Korean supporting the Subset Principle.


injection head comprising an annular distribution cavity an upstream propellant of an injection plate supporting the injectors. According to the invention, the cavity is provided with a distribution grid (5) multi-perforated, for the propellant (A) coaxial to the distribution cavity (3) and of concave shape protruding in the distribution cavity and fixed a dome (2) of the cavity.


Finns visit Sweden to a greater extent than Swedes visit Finland. This travel pattern also holds true for the regional travel pattern between Osterbotten and Vasterbotten. This study examines if ...


AbstractLow-visibility conditions can inhibit a driver's ability to perceive appropriate operating speeds, particularly during foggy conditions in which the characteristics of the fog can vary spat...


Department of Mathematics, The University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost College, Brownsville, Texas, TX 78520, U.S.A (*-Current address: Department of Mathematics, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas 78363, U.S.A.) (E-mail: email@example.com) Statistics, Division of Science and Mathematics University of Minnesota--Morris, Morris, MN 56267, U.S.A. (E-mail:firstname.lastname@example.com) Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India (E-mail:firstname.lastname@example.com)


A genome-wide screen for modulators of evolvability under toxic 1 antibiotic exposure 2 3 Orsolya Méhi, Balázs Bogos, Bálint Csörgő & Csaba Pál 4 5 Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry. Biological Research 6 Center, Szeged. Hungary 7 8 $ Correspondence should be sent to C.P. (firstname.lastname@example.com) or 9 B.B. (firstname.lastname@example.com) 10 11 12 Short-form paper 13 Running head: Modulators of antibiotic resistance evolution 14 15 16 17 Copyright © 2013, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. doi:10.1128/AAC.02454-12 AAC Accepts, published online ahead of print on 13 May 2013


The reverberation chamber (RC) has traditionally been used for electromagnetic compatibility tests. About two decade ago, it found application in various over-the-air (OTA) tests of antennas and wireless devices. This paper gives an overview of nearly two decades of research on the RC-based OTA tests, ranging from antenna measurements and characterizations to OTA tests of both terminals and base stations. Apart from the advantages of the RC-based OTA tests, some important issues are identified.


1Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAUHS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 2King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Background: Curriculum mapping and alignment are complex processes essential for the improvement of curriculum and serve as guidelines for students, faculty, and college administrators. This project aims to map different components of the curriculum in a comprehensive manner to ensure smooth running of the curriculum for the end users. Materials and Methods: The project addressed the neuroscience block of the undergraduate medicine program. Eight parameters were investigated: competencies (learning outcomes), curriculum themes, block objectives, weekly problems, and objectives of weekly problems, disciplines, delivery, and assessment. The Delphi method was used by ten experts to assess the importance of these parameters. Focus interviews were then conducted with faculty members. Results: The panel of ten experts reached consensus by agreeing that the eight parameters are important for aligning and mapping the neuroscience block and can be helpful for smooth operation of the curriculum. Mapping and alignment were performed electronically using eight parameters over 8 weeks. Majority of the faculty members appreciated the use of curriculum mapping. Conclusion: Curriculum mapping using electronic software helps in identifying gaps and redundancies and facilitating alignment between learning and assessment and learning objectives and competencies (learning outcomes). Training programs for faculty members and encouragement from leaders are suggested.


Objective: The key point to detect patients' need in pre-hospital emergency is to have
high ability to take medical history. All research findings show that this ability is low. The
objective of this research is to investigate the ability to take medical history of patients
among the personnel of pre-hospital emergency medical service (EMS) in Golestan
province, Iran.
Methods: This research was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried in 2016. The
population included non-staff technicians and an operator working in the message
center (N=171). The samples were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were
collected by a researcher-developed questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by
SPSS software version 16 conducting descriptive and inferential statistics. All tests were
administered at a significance level of P<0.05.
Results: One hundred sixty-five (96.5%) participants were male. The mean score of the
ability to take medical history was 58.4±11.1. Therefore, 95 participants (58.3 %) had poor
ability and 64 participants (39.3 %) owned moderate ability. The highest score concerning
the ability to take medical history was for the aspect of professional knowledge (mean
rank=5). The most influential aspect in the ability was respectively for 'professional
knowledge' (P=0.0001, Beta=0.509). Pearson correlation coefficient indicated a
relationship (r=-0.149, P=0.05) between the ability to take medical history and age.
Conclusion: The results of the current study indicated that the ability to take medical
history among the personnel of pre-hospital medical emergency of Golestan province
was low. Therefore, a thorough review of trainings promoting personnel's professional
knowledge is urgently required.
Keywords: Medical history, Emergency, Patient, Pre-hospital


Larval diapause development in the chestnut weevil Curculio elephas (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) was studied in the laboratory at different temperatures. The results proved that exposure to low temperatures (3–6 °C) in the period December–February is not required to complete diapause. The diapause is terminated in December and from January on, the larvae can initiate post‐diapause morphogenesis in the laboratory, if temperatures allow it. In the field developmental rates are negligible during winter cold (4–6 °C) and only after March morphogenesis can proceed with no interruption until adult emergence. Diapause and post‐diapause quiescence contribute to individual synchronization for initiation of development. The observed spread of adult emergence was 30 days in the laboratory. This variability produced during post‐diapause development may be a response to annual variation in the phenology of the chestnuts.


Belonging to the field of compound drugs, the invention relates to pharmaceutical new use of loganin, especially the use of loganin in preparation of drugs or health care products for improving sleep. The loganin provided by the invention is one of the main chemical components of Cornaceae plant cornus officinalis, the chemical formula is C17H26O10, and the molecular weight is 390.38. Animal experiments confirm that loganin can significantly prolong the total sleep time of mice, and has the characteristic of dose dependent increase of sleep amount. Preliminary action mechanism study shows that loganin possibly induces sleep by increasing the level of 5-HT in mouse brain. To sum up, loganin can be prepared into drugs and health care products with sedative and hypnotic effects, the made dosage forms include granules, tablets, capsules, granules, electuaries, oral liquid, dripping pills, pellets or injections.


Longitudinal optical phonons have been used recently to explain the electronic energy relaxation in quantum dots. In this theory they served as a reservoir, on which the electron executes multiple scattering acts. Rather naturally such a phonon subsystem is expected to be passive, namely, in a long-time limit of development the whole system should be able to achieve such a stationary state in which statistical distributions of both subsystems, electron and phonons, do not change in time. Here we remind briefly that the recent approach to the relaxation theory in quantum dots displays a non-passivity of such a reservoir. We remind briefly the method of a partial elimination of this phonon overheating effect by using the Lang-Firsov transformation. We apply the modified relaxation theory to the electronic relaxation at low electronic densities in quantum dot systems and come to conclusions about the role of e-LO scattering mechanism in these situations. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


** Compounds of formula (See formula) ** in which R1 denotes phenyl, pyridyl or thiophenyl, which, are optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents and independently with respect to each other, they are selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, hydroxy-carbonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, amino, nitro, hydroxy, C1-C6 alkyl, halogen, arylcarbonylamino C6-C10 alkylcarbonylamino C1-C6 alkylaminocarbonyl C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyl C1-C6 alkyl, arylaminocarbonyl C6-C10 heteroaryl-aminocarbonyl, heteroarylcarbonylamino, alkylsulfonylamino C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkyl, wherein C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6, C1 C6, C6-C10 arylcarbonylamino, alkylcarbonylamino C1-C6 alkyl C1-C6 alkylaminocarbonyl, C1-C6 alkyl, arylamino carbonyl C6-C10, heteroarylaminocarbonyl, heteroaryl-carbonylamino, C1-C6 alkylsulfonylamino, C1-C6 alkylsulfonyl and C1 C6, are opcionalment and substituted by a residue selected from hydroxy, cyano, halogen, hydroxycarbonyl and a group of the formula -NR3R4, wherein R3 and R4, independently one with respect to each other, are hydrogen or C1 C6 alkyl, or R3 and R4, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached denote heterocyclyl with 5 to 8 members, R2 is phenyl or heteroaryl, wherein phenyl is substituted by 1 to 3 residues and heteroaryl, is optionally substituted by 1 to 3 residues, respectively independently one with respect to another, selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, hydroxycarbonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, amino , nitro, hydroxy, C1-C6 alkyl, halogen, C6-C10 arylcarbonylamino, alkylcarbonylamino C1-C6 alkylaminocarbonyl C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyl C1-C6 alkyl, arylamino carbonyl C6-C10, heteroarylaminocarbonyl, heteroaryl-carbonylamino, alkylsulfonylamino C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkyl, wherein C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6, C1-C6 alkylamino, arylcarbonylamino C6-C10 alkylcarbonylamino C1-C6 alkylaminocarbonyl C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyl C1- C6, arylaminocarbonyl C6-C10, heteroarylaminocarbonyl, heteroarylcarbonylamino, alkylsulfonylamino C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkylthio C1-C6 alkyl, are optionally substituted by a residue selected from the hydroxy, cyano, halogen, hydroxycarbonyl and a group of formula -NR3R4, wherein R3 and R4 have the meanings given above, and their salts, solvates and / or solvates of its salts.


Sequential analysis is a statistical way of analysing cumulative data. Its goal is to come to a decision as soon as enough evidence is reached for one or another hypothesis. In this article three different statistical approaches, the frequentist, the Bayesian and the likelihood approach, are discussed in relation to sequential analysis. In particular, the less known likelihood approach is elucidated.


The prcacrnlerntor of the ISIS linear accelerator injector consists of a 665 keV medium gradientti,: accelerating column which, at full specification, is required to deliver an Hbeam of 650 pA mean. Although the initial operating experience with the column at lox beam duty cycle was satisfactory, at high values of mean beam current the frequency of high voltage breakdown increased to an unacceptable level. An account is given of the experimental study of this phenomenon, of the mechanism :hought to be responsible and of the modifications carried out to achieve the present improved performance.


An experimental study was undertaken to study the distribution of gaseous pollutants emanating from a car exhaust in the wake of a car. A water flume simulation was used to study high-speed interstate conditions. Results of the study show that the concentration distribution behind the automobile can be broken down into three regions. These include a core, transition, and fully developed region. In both the core and fully developed regions, the experimental concentration at various spatial coordinates are shown to collapse to single curves by introducing an appropriate similarity variable. In all regions the concentration distribution approximates a Gaussian distribution. These results should prove valuable for all those interested in modeling the dispersion of pollutants resulting from automobile traffic on interstate highways.


Morphological, structural and development features of fruits and seeds of Dodonea viscosa (L.) Jacquin (Sapindaceae) were described and illustrated emphazing the seed coat and embryo.


Analysis of peroxidase isoenzymes in interspecific elm hybrids indicated that a close correlation exists between parental isoenzymes and those of the progeny. In some crosses, isoenzymes undergo mendelian segregation while in others segregation distortion is evident. Mechanisms proposed to account for the disturbed segregation ratios and unexpected phenotypes include crossing over between peroxidase loci, accumulation of lethal genetic deficiencies, and dominance of some peroxidase genes.


Background and Objectives: Most patients with colorectal liver metastases are not eligible for resection because they have multiple lesions or because of anatomical constraints. We report the use of cryotherapy to destroy residual metastases following liver resection in patients with disease too widespread for treatment by resection alone.


Recent advances in high power and efficiency space traveling-wave tube amplifiers (TWTAs) for NASA's space-to-Earth communications are presented in this paper. The RF power and efficiency of a new K-Band amplifier is 40 Watts and 50% and that of a new Ka-Band amplifier is 200 Watts and 60%. An important figure-of-merit, which is defined as the ratio of the RF power output to the mass (W/kg) of a TWT has improved by a factor of ten over the previous generation Ka-Band devices.


An intelligent tool for the investment knowledge learning and sharing is proposed and developed. The candlestick pattern is a widely used empirical model of investment decision and the investors can make investment decisions by the identified candlestick patterns. The imprecise and vague investment knowledge is represented in fuzzy candlestick patterns. The pattern consists of candlestick lines which are derived from the variation of the trading prices. The investor can create, edit, validate, and share the patterns by the proposed system. A graphical user interface (GUI) is designed to display the candlestick patterns and the user can also capture the pattern directly from the GUI. A fuzzy pattern recognition module is implemented in the system to help the user to identify the patterns automatically from the large amount financial database.


The interactions between negative influences of the reality and weaknesses of Party work of the colleges,the contrasts from the high requirements of the reality and different qualities of the Party contingents,the disagreements upon high work requirements and relatively low welfares,the contradictions between complications of Party work and no achievements,as have been resulting in the fact that the Party staff members have not paid great attentions to the importance of the Party work and can note meet the needs of the progress of Party work in the new century with mental unbalance and motive shortage.The paper suggests that it is the must to arrange and use well the Party staff members of the colleges,with some extent training and improving,managing and building to reinforce the initiative of the Party staff members to reach the purpose of the innovation of staff development of the Party work.


I disagree with AGU's position on the conviction of Italian seismologists, which is, I believe, based on an inaccurate reading of the news (Eos 93(44), 444, doi:10.1029/2012EO440013). As a matter of fact, the L'Aquila ruling is based on the finding that the defendant scientists lacked both independence and good faith and that they gave unscientific (ideological, a priori, and, in the end, lethal) advice to the population. The defendants are, moreover, given the opportunity to appeal if they believe the tribunals have incorrectly assessed the evidence.


Incontrovertible research evidence has proven that a robust personal social network acts as a protective factor against disease, associating positively with overall wellbeing, recovery from disease, and a longer and healthier life. In turn, clinical intervention programs that include social network enhancement aimed at patients already suffering from a variety of severe disorders have shown to improve the quality of their life, included but not limited to pain management, with little impact, however, in survival. Group therapy enhances patients' abilities to enrich their social milieu. As a natural experiment on preventive interventions, group therapies offer an unusual window to evaluate their long-term impact on patients' sociality before possible severe somatic pathology is expressed, that is, their potential positive long-term impact of patients' health and survival. Group therapists should adopt a rather simple standardized rou tine evaluation of patients' personal social support and health at intake and discharge as well as systematic follow-up of former patients to explore the short and long-term impact of their clinical work with regard to patients' sociality, overall health and a longer, satisfactory life.


The paper discloses the methodological concepts of professional training of the future educator to the formation of creative individuality of senior preschool age children: axiological, systemic-holistic, student-activity concepts. The key role of a teacher in implementation of the identified approaches is described; the important factor in the formation of creative individuality of children is highlighted as developing a creative environment life of children in preschool educational institutions.


Soil NO 3 concentration and soil N-supplying capability (NSC) at soil NO 3 levels below the critical level were not correlated well enough (r 2 =0.34) to use the predicted NSC for adjusting N-fertilizer recommendations. As a result, the best use of this test in Pennsylvania appears to be in identification of nonresponsive sites rather than predicting N-fertilizer rates. Use of this test by farmers in Pennsylvania will help minimize the practice of applying «insurance» N when N contributions from manure and legumes in rotations are uncertain


Jesuit middle school in Baltimore during the mid-1990s, I experienced the intersection of three powerful forces: race, religion, and place. Like my fellow lay teachers at the small, academically rigorous academy, I grew up in a Euro-American, middle-class, and Catholic family. Most of my students, on the other hand, came from African-American, low-income, and Protestant homes. No faculty member was a Baltimore native; most spent childhoods in suburban or suburban-like neighborhoods across the country, went away to col lege, and traveled widely. Our students lived in crowded city neighborhoods, often did not consider college a viable option, and likely never visited the nation's capital less than fifty miles away. In short, faculty and student body arrived at the front steps of St. Ignatius Loyola Academy with diametrically different backgrounds, personal experiences, and cultural expectations. Our classes met in a mid-nineteenth-century brick building, originally home to Baltimore's Jesuit high school and college. Next door stood the grand and beautiful St. Ignatius Church built by European immigrants during the antebel lum period. Despite the sharp differences, this late-twentieth-century academy continued the mission of earlier generations, providing liberal education in a sacred setting to children of humble backgrounds.1 My interest in the intersections of African-American and Catholic cultures within urban contexts materialized a few years earlier as a student of American Studies at Georgetown University. After studying United States history and lit erature for three years, it came time to choose a senior thesis topic. From my course work, I knew that African Americans and Euro-American Catholics played important roles in the history of American cities, and scholars wrote widely on both. I also recognized a trend in cities across the country. African American parents, frustrated by the often poor quality of urban public educa tion, sent their children to parochial schools in significant numbers, although most black families themselves were not Catholic. At the time I thought this behavior constituted a rather recent phenomenon, a result of post-World War II


Purpose: Nuclear grade is one of the independent prognostic factors for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We investigated the effectiveness of a preoperative CT scan for predicting the nuclear grade of clear cell RCC. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent surgery for renal lesions between January 2002 and December 2007. We analyzed the pathologic and radiologic reports of 65 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy for RCC and were diagnosed with clear cell RCC. The Hounsfield unit (HU) of the area with maximum enhancement (M) and the total area of the RCC (T) were measured during CT. Ratio values by nuclear grade were calculated by using formulas (M HU/aorta HU, T HU/aorta HU) to eliminate differences between individuals. Results: A total of 65 cases of clear cell RCCs were classified according to Fuhrman nuclear grade. Five cases were grade I, 33 were grade II, 15 were grade III, and 12 were grade IV. There was a significant difference in CT enhancement between each nuclear grade, and lower nuclear grades tended to have an increased ratio of maximum enhancement (p=0.020). Fuhrman nuclear grade was divided into two groups: low (Fuhrman grades I, II) and high (Fuhrman grades III, IV). The ratio of enhancement for the M area was significantly higher in the low Fuhrman nuclear grade group than in the high group (p=0.033). Conclusions: CT enhancement is inversely related to the nuclear grade of clear cell RCC. This study found that measuring the area of maximum enhancement in CT may be a useful method for presuming the pathologic nuclear grade of RCC, especially when the Fuhrman nuclear grade is divided into low and high groups. (Korean J Urol 2009;50:942-946) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏


To augment the TV show in post-production, we propose a novel solution to uncalibrated camera small motion tracking in a dynamic scene that simultaneously reconstructs the sparse 3D scene and computes camera poses and focal lengths of each frame. The critical elements of our approach are a robust image feature tracking strategy in dynamic scenes followed by automatic local-window frames slicing, local and global bundle adjustment optimization initialized by a homography-based uncalibrated relative rotation solver. The proposed method allows us to add the virtual objects (elements) into the reconstructed 3D scene, then composite them back into the original shot while perfectly matched perspective and appear seamless. The evaluation of a large variety of real TV show sequences demonstrates the merits of our method against state-of-the-art works and commercial software products.


Stimulated by recent major activities in both domestic and international laser safety standards, an organizing committee was established in early 1990 to lay the plans for a major international conference on laser safety. Members of the committee were involved in diverging areas of laser safety activities and represented a broad cross section of laser users in government, industry, medicine and education.Stimulated by recent major activities in both domestic and international laser safety standards, an organizing committee was established in early 1990 to lay the plans for a major international conference on laser safety. Members of the committee were involved in diverging areas of laser safety activities and represented a broad cross section of laser users in government, industry, medicine and education.


The cyclic nature of increasingly destructive seismic events has shown how the influence of local effects plays an important role in the analysis of seismic impact scenarios. In fact, in the seismic impact simulation, site effects should be properly taken into account for better predicting the expected damage, so to safeguard people and buildings. Nevertheless, the possibility of adopting simplified methods to take into consideration these geological phenomena is not very simple to be implemented. In this framework is placed the current research work, developed within the three-years ReLUISDPC 2019-2021 project, which aims at predicting with a simple analysis method the influence of local effects on the physical vulnerability of masonry clustered buildings of the municipality of Baranello in the province of Campobasso (Italy). The typological and structural characterization of examined clustered buildings has been carried out using the CARTIS form, developed by the PLINIVS Research Centre of the University of Naples "Federico II" in collaboration with the Italian Civil Protection Department. The seismic vulnerability evaluation has been conducted using a proper form for historical aggregates [1] in order to identify the most vulnerable compounds of constructions. Focusing the attention on a typical masonry clustered building representative of the samples of buildings inspected, non-linear static analyses developed in the 3Muri software package environment have been performed in order to take into account the aggregate effect on the seismic behaviour of single structural units. Subsequently, the intensification effects have been quantitatively analysed through the definition of a local amplification factor, defined as the ratio between the maximum acceleration expected in-situ, obtained from the last seismic events occurred on 2002 October, and that corresponding to the rigid soil [2]. Finally, based on these considerations, the impact of the expected damage scenario taking into account the influence of geological effects has been compared to the one neglecting the soil influence in order to appraise quantitatively the site effects on the seismic assessment of the inspected urban sector.


The aim of this paper is to contribute to understanding of the various models used in research for the adoption and diffusion of information technology in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). Starting with Rogers' diffusion theory and behavioural models, technology adoption models used in IS research are discussed. Empirical research has shown that the reasons why firms choose to adopt or not adopt technology is dependent on a number of factors. These factors can be categorised as owner/manager characteristics, firm characteristics, and other characteristics. The existing models explaining IS diffusion and adoption by SMEs overlap and complement each other. This paper reviews the existing literature and proposes a comprehensive model which includes the whole array of variables from earlier models.


Consider a thin sheet where Young's modulus, Poisson ratio, and the thickness are functions of the radius. Our approach exploits the duality beteen displacemeent and first order stress function vector familar from anisotropic elasticity. It derives a first order differential equation of twice the dimension of the second order systems


Trust is considered one of the most important components, assets and constructs. Currently we experience well-documented first signs of the crisis of trust on the Web. We attribute that to our inability to successfully apply our face to face experience to relationships that are web-based. We propose that the remedy is in developing such technical means that will enable the creation of remote justified trust. Such a concept of technology being 'designed for trust' requires the shared understanding of what trust is and how it can be communicated. We propose (elaborate this proposition in the paper) the approach that is close to both social and technical understanding of trust, demonstrating how such an approach can lead to design that supports trust.


The possibilities of GIS-technologies application to evaluate the dynamics of agro-landscape structure and soil properties in temperate-arid and forest-outlier steppe of the Altai Region are discussed. The obtained research results indicate that the method of joint use of remote sensing data and multi-temporal data of soil surveys is an effective method to define the dynamics of agro-landscape structure. The following is concluded: for the studied period (1960s through 2000s) under the conditions of temperate-arid and forest-outlier steppe of the Altai Region, significant changes occurred in the structure of agro-landscapes, in particular, the percentage of arable lands decreased by increasing the percentage of forests and shrubs and other lands. The soils of the studied natural-soil subzone (ordinary black and leached chernozems) revealed distinct morphological changes in terms of over-compaction of subsurface soil horizons and consolidation of soil aggregates caused by intensive agricultural activities.


The changes of political concept are brought with the coming of reform and open policy, which focus on people's opinion of the "Si Xin". The investigation shows that people's opinion on the "Si Xin" is strong from generally speaking, however, comparatively, people's reliance to Party and Government is getting week. In order to strengthen the "Si Xin", we should stress on punishing severely corruption and developing the scientific method of cognition


The ability of sterile female and normal female Porthetria dispar (L.) to attract male moths in a natural infestation was compared. As a supplementary part of the test, 2 lures were compared also with the attractiveness of sterile and normal females in 2 of the 3 trials. There was no significant difference between the abilities of the sterile and normal females to attract males. The 1962 gyplure was as effective as the females in attracting males, but the 1967 Spanish natural lure was less effective.


Modern street lighting offers new opportunities for control system design to additionally improve efficiency and effectiveness of the public lighting system. The approach used in this paper is based on predictive control with dynamic adaptation to micro-location conditions and optimization of public LED lighting. Based on the micro-location conditions - road traffic, pedestrian movement and meteorological measurements, it is possible to form an adaptable LED lighting dimming system using Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithms. Before implementing the developed system, the MPC controller is tested in simulation environment built on ray tracing light propagation model. In this paper, the process of establishing the simulation environment inside MATLAB/Simulink program suitable for long-term simulations of model predictive control of city lighting has been presented and analyzed.


Objective: We aimed at exploring the modulation of tDCS on spontaneous cortical activity through the changing of EEG rhythms to different tDCS montages and the interaction between cortical responses and variability factors of stroke individuals.Methods: 19 stroke subjects underwent 4 tDCS sessions with 3 different tDCS montages (anodal (atDCS), cathodal (ctDCS) and bilateral (bi-tDCS)) and sham stimulation in a single-blind, randomized, controlled crossover design. We acquired resting-state (eyes closing and opening alternately) EEG data before and after tDCS, and calculated the spectral power of each frequency band. Paired-samples T test was applied to examine the difference of spectral power between pre- and post-stimulation of each montage. Three-way repeated measures analysis of variance with lesion hemispheres, stimulation montages and locations were carried out to investigate tDCS effects of different lesion, montages, and channel locations, and the interaction. Further, the effects of tDCS over time were analyzed applying three-way repeated ANOVAs as well with post trials, lesion hemispheres and channel locations separately to each montage. Finally, linear and quadratic regression model were used separately to describe the association between clinical factors of stroke patients and change of spectral power.Results: We found that induced effect of tDCS was limited to the alpha rhythm of opening-state. atDCS increased the alpha power especially alpha1 (8-10 Hz) in local and distant areas of mainly frontal and partial. bi-tDCS affected the alpha power as well, but in a smaller area which mainly focused on alpha2 (10-13 Hz). ctDCS and sham had no effect on alpha rhythm. No significant difference of alpha band was found over the observed time range after the stimulation over. Results further showed that the quadratic model can better characterize the relationship between clinical factors and the tDCS effects of alpha rhythm than linear model. The changing of alpha especially alpha2 in contralateral hemisphere induced by atDCS was related to time since stroke, and alpha2 in ipsilateral hemisphere induced by bi-tDCS to motor impairment level.Conclusion: Our results provide electrophysiological evidence that different tDCS montages in stroke subjects modulate rhythmic cortical activity of alpha band in different ways, and the effects maintained for at least 30 minutes. The tDCS modulation effect was related to clinical factors, especially the time since stroke and the level of motor impairment. These findings are of great significance for the knowledge on modulation effect to stroke patients and for therapeutic application of motor recovery following stroke.


Processing by injection is the technological process by that the thermoplastics material is injected, under pressure, in the cavity of a mould, where it cools down and solidifies. This process is the most common method for obtaining plastic materials. Injection moulding of thermoplastics has emerged as the premier vehicle for delivering high quality, value added commercial products. Continued global competitiveness has increased standards for product capability and quality while requiring reduced product development time and unit cost. Despite advanced design methods and new process technologies, it is becoming apparent that the injection moulding process is neither flexible nor robust. This paper presents a set of experiments that focused on particular processing conditions of injection through narrow section, thin-wall injection and microinjection. In these cases, the ultrasonic activation does not play an important role as single influence factor but could amplify or strengthen the influence of classical setting parameters of the process: mould temperature, injection pressure and temperature


In the decision-making process, it often happens that decision makers hesitate between several possible preference values, so the multiattribute decision-making (MADM) problem of hesitant triangle fuzzy elements (HTFEs) has been widely studied. In related research works, different operators are used to fuse information, and the weighting model is used to represent the degree of difference between information fusion on various indicators, but the mutual influence between information is often not considered. In this sense, the purpose of this paper is to study the MADM problem of the hesitant triangular fuzzy power average (HTFPA) operator. First, the hesitant triangular fuzzy power-weighted average operator (HTFPWA) and the hesitant triangular fuzzy power-weighted geometric (HTFPWG) operator are given, their properties are analyzed and special cases are discussed. Then, a MADM method based on the HTFPWA operator and the HTFPWG operator is developed, and an example of selecting futures products is used to illustrate the results of applying the proposed method to practical problems. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the HTFPA operator are verified by comparative analysis with existing methods.


A sapphire high-pressure NMR cell, capable of independently controlling sample pressure, temperature, and concentration, is used to measure 13C spin−lattice relaxation times for carbons 1, 5, and 9 of 1-decanol in dense carbon dioxide at pressure between 80 and 200 atm. These NMR experiments, carried out along four isotherms between 288 and 348 K, provide relaxation data for 1-decanol in liquid and supercritical fluid CO2. The nuclear spin−lattice relaxation mechanisms for carbons 1, 5, and 9 of 1-decanol as well as for the carbon nucleus in carbon dioxide of this mixture are discussed. The relaxation data are analyzed using a modified Stokes−Einstein−Debye equation, together with an AK model, that postulates the formation of CO2 clusters with the 1-decanol molecule in CO2−decanol mixture at supercritical and near-critical liquid densities. Such CO2 cluster formation with methanol molecules was also detected in earlier relaxation measurements in CO2−methanol mixtures at the comparable densities. Possible ...


A novel quantum associative memory using the quantum holography scheme is presented. The patterns stored in the model are encoded into a set of independent quantum states. It overcomes the harm of nonorthogonal by storing these independent patterns into the memory using an iterative learning algorithm. The positive operation valued measurement is performed on the selectively recalled quantum state when does the information retrieval. Computer simulations show that the model exhibits good associative ability. Benefiting from the quantum implementation, the model not only can improve the performance and storage capacity, it also may be a suitable model to explain the biological associative phenomena because the phase of oscillation is inherent in the model.


We consider a two‐component Camassa–Holm system which arises in shallow water theory. We analyze a wave breaking mechanism and the global existence of solutions. First, we discuss the local well posedness and a blow up mechanism, then establish some new blow up criteria for this system formulated either on the line or with space‐periodic initial conditions. Finally, the existence of global solutions is analyzed.


A novel Model Order Reduction approach for the construction of Dynamic Compact Thermal Models is presented. With respect to previous approaches, this methodology allows reducing the complexity of the constructed models, from quadratically to linearly dependent on the number of independent heat sources. In such a way, the approach allows constructing Dynamic Compact Thermal Models practically without limitations on the number of heat sources. The proposed methodology is validated through the application to two state-of-the-art electronic systems.


In this manuscript, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) anchored gold nanorods (AuNRs) were prepared using a simple strategy. The formation of such hybrid materials was attained by mixing the GQDs (∼2 - 4 nm) and Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) capped AuNRs (length: 40 ± 3 and width: 20 ± 2 nm) under ultrasonication. The formation of GQDs anchored on the Au nanorod surface was confirmed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The possible complexation between acid groups of GQDs and CTAB capped AuNRs was utilized to reveal by FTIR spectroscopy. Such CTAB-AuNRs-GQDs possess catalytic surface with a high electrocatalytic activity, high sensitivity and selectivity for electrochemical determination of Glutathione (GSH) with a low detection limit of 0.23 μM and sensitivity of 1.49 μAμM−1. Prominently, the CTAB-AuNRs-GQDs-based electrochemical biosensor has revealed great potential application for determination of GSH levels in real samples.


In this paper the seismic performance of wooden buildings made of Cross-laminated-timber (XLAM) is illustrated as a part of an extensive research project undertaken in Trentino (Italy) to promote the use of XLAM for residential and non residential buildings. Strength, deformability and capability of dissipating energy are addressed. Design action reduction factor is also evaluated according to Seismic Eurocode format. Finally the amazing capability of shape keeping and self centering of such buildings under the design quake is highlighted.


............................................................................................................................................... II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................................... III TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................ V LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................... VI LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................. VII INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 1 CONCEPTUALIZATION .......................................................................................................................... 2 RESEARCH DESIGN ................................................................................................................................ 4 DATA ............................................................................................................................................................................ 4 Dependent Variables .......................................................................................................................................... 4 Independent Variables ....................................................................................................................................... 5 MODELING STRATEGIES ........................................................................................................................................... 6 Pooled Poisson ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 Pooled Negative Binomial ................................................................................................................................ 7 Panel Poisson ......................................................................................................................................................... 8 Panel Negative Binomial .................................................................................................................................. 9 MODELING OF OBSERVED DATA .................................................................................................... 10 ANALYTIC STRATEGIES .......................................................................................................................................... 11 Pooled Poisson ..................................................................................................................................................... 11 Pooled Negative Binomial .............................................................................................................................. 16 Panel Poisson ....................................................................................................................................................... 17 Panel Negative Binomial ................................................................................................................................ 19 RESULTS ................................................................................................................................................. 20 POOLED RESULTS ................................................................................................................................................... 20 PANEL RESULTS ...................................................................................................................................................... 22 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................................... 25 CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 25 METHODOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS .................................................................................................................. 25 Implications .......................................................................................................................................................... 26 Limitations ............................................................................................................................................................ 26 APPENDIX A. MONTE CARLO SIMULATION ................................................................................ 28 APPENDIX B. CODING OF THE ANALYSIS .................................................................................... 37 WORKS CITED ...................................................................................................................................... 53 CURRICULUM VITA ............................................................................................................................. 55


We introduce the classes S*(n, a) and K(n, a) of analytic functions by using the symbol defined by . The object of the present paper is to derive some properties of these classes.


Vinsky, M., Islam, K., Chen, L. and Li, C. 2013. Short Communication: Association analyses of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter of OLR1 with growth, feed efficiency, fat deposition, and carcass merit traits in hybrid, Angus and Charolais beef cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 193–197. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of oxidized low density lipoprotein (lectin-like) receptor 1 (OLR1) (c. −495 T>C) was identified and analyzed for associations with 10 traits related to growth, feed efficiency, body fat deposition and carcass merit traits in hybrid (n=456), Angus (n=567) and Charolais (n=423) beef cattle populations. Significant allele substitution effect (P=0.023) was found for residual feed intake (RFI) in the Angus population. The allele "C", which had a frequency of 0.24 in the Angus population, was associated with decreased RFI. The Angus steers with the "CC" genotype had a lower RFI value (i.e., more efficient) than the Angus steers carrying the 'TT' genotype. T...


This comprehensive literature review seeks to assess the potential of AI-powered tutoring systems that are able to adapt and provide personalized guidance tailored to individual student needs. As Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies continue to progress at a rapid rate, there is ever increasing interest in leveraging these capabilities for educational purposes. By offering customized instruction based on each student's strengths, weaknesses, and learning style preferences, AI-powered tutoring systems may revolutionize how students learn. The review will examine various studies and research papers exploring the design, implementation techniques as well as effectiveness of such innovative solutions. This includes delving into algorithms like machine learning, natural language processing or data mining which enable these systems to adjust their interactions according to students' requirements. Moreover, it will investigate any positive impacts such personalized teaching has had on academic performance levels in addition to engagement motivation amongst learners. Additionally, this study shall look into existing challenges faced when using AI-powered tutoring systems; from ethical concerns about privacy issues thought too effective teacher -student communication. After taking all findings from available literature into account we can then identify areas where more work is needed, offer suggestions for future improvements or studies within this field. In conclusion, with our synthesis of insights gathered during our investigation we hope improve awareness & understandings around utilizing AI technology for educational purposes so that teachers & students alike can benefit from personalized adaptive educations experiences.


Objective To investigate the correlation of vision acuity with the degree of eccentric fixation, and the threshold of Chinese character identification under afterimage in amblyopic children. Methods Nine children with eccentric fixation were trained with a modified afterimage method using Haidinger Brush Orientation in our Amblyopia Training Unit. The eccentric degree and vision acuity were monitored weekly. Children were asked to read Chinese character of different size under afterimage, and the threshold of Chinese character identification was determined. Results After a half-year training, The eccentric fixation was cured in 6 children, improved in 2 children and no changes in 1 child. The linear regression between eccentric degree and vision acuity was Y=0.174+0.132X. The threshold of Chinese character identification and vision acuity were highly correlated (r=0.960, P0.01). Conclusion There is a linear relationship between eccentric degree and vision acuity. The threshold of Chinese character identification is 2.5~3.0 times greater than E letter.


The utility model provides a ground cleaning vehicle with a rubbish wetting device. The ground cleaning vehicle with a rubbish wetting device is characterized in that an improvement is implemented on an existing ground cleaning vehicle. A sprinkler head is arranged in an inlet of a rubbish sucking pipe. A spray head is respectively arranged above two broom disks. Water is supplied for the spray head by a water pump respectively through a circulation water tank below a rubbish can and a clear water tank. A water strainer and a water collection tank are respectively arranged at the front wall and the side wall of the rubbish can. The water collection tank is connected with the circulation water tank. After the utility model is adopted, dust can not easily fly and can not be easily discharged due to the humidification processing of rubbish. Thus, sanitary operation is realized. The utility model is suitable for cleaning the rubbish of streets and squares.


We contribute to approximate algorithms for the quadratic assignment problem also known as graph matching. Inspired by the success of the fusion moves technique developed for multilabel discrete Markov random fields, we investigate its applicability to graph matching. In particular, we show how fusion moves can be efficiently combined with the dedicated state-of-the-art dual methods that have recently shown superior results in computer vision and bioimaging applications. As our empirical evaluation on a wide variety of graph matching datasets suggests, fusion moves significantly improve performance of these methods in terms of speed and quality of the obtained solutions. Our method sets a new state-of-the-art with a notable margin with respect to its competitors.


From Jan.1991 to Dec.1995,we treatedwith TCM nearly one thousand confirmedHIV/AIDS patients in Muhimbili MedicalCenter,Tanzania.Of them,437 cases withcomplete data have been summarized and


In order to grasp the shortest spontaneous combustion period of the tenth coal seam in Suntuan Coal Mine,by the comparative analysis on the determination methods of coal spontaneous combustion period,the calculation model of the shortest spontaneous combustion period is determined.According to the tenth coal samples of Suntuan Coal Mine,the velocity of consuming oxygen,water loss rate,and gas contentat different temperature sections are determind.The time to reach a critical temperature needed is calculated in subparagraph.The shortest spontaneous combustion period of the tenth coal seam is determined,a basis is provided for the formulation of the fire prevention and extinguishing measures.


This research applied sctructural equation modelling (SEM-AMOS) withtotal of 126 respondentsowners of  SMEs in Indonesia. Metodhs used is non probability purposive sampling. Conclusion of this research were: market orientation and startegic innovationhave positive correlationstoward SMEs' performancein Indonesia; secondly: market orientation and strategic innovation have no positive correlation toward SMEs' performance in Indonesia mediated by competitive advantge which contradicted previous reserach (Taufik, 2018).


In recent years,the barter terms of trade in China is changing from bad to worse.People take a doubtful attitude towards the comparative advantages strategy.This paper sets up an algebraic model to explain the causes.The model shows that the reason derives from the fact that the export section lies on the low level of the labor intensive industry,so we can hardly get out of the unfair position in the international trade structure because the self-enhancing and self-accumulating character of the comparative advantage.However,this does not mean to give up comparative advantage.Producing labor intensive product cannot only resolve employment problem,but it can also lead to technological progress.We should rely on the comparative advantage and keep it in a dynamic state.


The study area is located at the northeastern part of Ordos Basin and belongs to the Yimeng Uplift of Yishan Monocline area, near the Hangjinqi sag at the southern margin and Hetao graben at the northern margin. In Northeastern Ordos basin, main super large sized uranium deposits discovered include Zaohuohao, Nalinggou and Daying uranium deposits. The sandstone-type uranium metallogenic belt is consisted by these uranium deposits. The uranium metallogenic belt has been one of the most important zones of sandstone-type uranium deposits in north China. Meanwhile, it provides uranium resources for the construction of Inner Mongolia Uranium Base. Therefore, study on the uranium mineralization was significant for the future uranium prospecting in Ordos basin. Caledonian and early Hercynian Movement made Yimeng Uplift become an uplift zone and under a relatively stable basement tectonic condition. During early period of Indo-China Movement, the uplift was higher in the northern part and lower in the southern part under the uplift tectonic background (Peng, et al., 2006). A large scale of lower angle slope were developed from west to east and from north to south in the basin (most of the dip angle was less than 2) (Han, et al., 2009). And the Yanshan Movement caused basin uplift many times. Therefore, to the north, the ancient Hetao Uplift provided long-term stable oxygen and uranium bearing water supplies for this area and guaranteed the uranium mineralization in northern basin. There was rift development at the rim of the basin during the neo-tectonic movement. However, it did not change the overall structure of the basin. Meanwhile, it was conducive to the new oxidation and uranium mineralization. Sedimentary strata developed in the study area are introduced as following. The Archean-Lower Algonkian Formation was the crystalline basement of the platform.


We present a follow-up case of an invasive right ductal breast carcinoma in a 72-year-old woman.

A follow-up mammography study (figure 1) performed 1 year after right lumpectomy (wide local excision) shows postsurgical changes in the right breast and reveals 'de novo' coarse/amorphous microcalcifications in the left breast axis. Some of these calcifications show radiolucent centre, and can only be depicted in the craniocaudal mammographic images, raising concern for hypothetic cutaneous location, although presenting suspicious features.

Figure 1
Mammographic images showing postlumpectomy (wide local excision) changes in the right upper outer quadrant and coarse …


The claim that reorganization patterns are demonstrated in this group of patients must be viewed with some skepticism because of the well-known distributed and bilateral cortical activation that can occur during motor activity without the presence of pathology. It is important to recognize that some of the failure of overlap of fMR imaging and stimulation data can be related to spatial distortion inherent in echo planar techniques as well as to brain shift during the surgical exposure. The idea that fMR imaging data will be obtainable with an open scanner is very far from reality. The following reference should be of further interest:


I 1 It has been demonstrated in a previous communication (Larsson & Sterky 1962) that patients with longstanding juvenile dia- betes show a tendency to increased serum levels of alpha-2-globulins. This increase was found to be more pronounced in cases of diabetic angiopathy than in those without clinical signs of vascular lesions. The in- crease in the alpha-2-fraction may be due to an increased content of protein bound carbohydrates (Sterky & Bottiger 1962). The haptoglobins belong to the mucoprotein group with the electrophoretic properties of alpha-2-globulin. It was thus thought of in- terest to study the serum haptoglobin levels Tab 1 e I. Composition of the material. in juvenile diabetics with and without clinical manifest angiopathy. It seemed possible that the tendency to an increase in the alpha-2- fraction could be reflected by elevated serum haptoglobin levels.


The Bivens cause of action has long been regarded as presumptively available in any case where a federal official has violated one's constitutional rights. Although Bivens itself recognized limited exceptions, and although those exceptions have multiplied and expanded over the years, the presumption remained in place. In the last five years, however, the presumption has disappeared; the courts are to make ad hoc judgments about whether to make damages available on policy grounds. Moreover, the War on Terror has made its own categorical inroads on the Bivens remedy. Recognizing that the separation of powers and national security arguments have force, this Essay argues that the Supreme Court has nonetheless lost its perspective on the doctrine.


Fully-addressable two-dimensional (2D) array ultrasound transducers have issues such as a large number of elements, difficult to interconnect with an imaging system, high acoustic impedance of each array element which leads to a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and high cost for medical ultrasound imaging systems, especially, for a 2D array of a size close to 300 mm by 300 mm with more than one million elements for imaging of a large area such as the abdomen of big patients and pregnant women. Despite the issues above, an array of a large size is necessary to reconstruct a large 3D volumetric image for artificial intelligent (AI) assisted medical diagnoses with minimal human interventions, which is especially desirable in countries or areas where there are few highly trained medical professionals to operate ultrasound imaging systems.To address the issues associated with large fully-addressable 2D array transducers, row-column (RC) arrays have been proposed to reduce the number of elements of the 2D arrays and reduce the acoustic impedance of each array element to increase SNR.Although a RC array can address some issues of the fully-addressable 2D arrays and simplify the imaging system greatly, the array must be rigid to avoid introducing phase aberrations due to deformation of the array. To solve the problem, in this paper, 36 sub-arrays of 25.6 mm by 25.6 mm each are proposed to form a large conformable RC array of a size of about 281.6 mm by 281.6 mm. To simplify the imaging system by further reducing the number of elements, a 25.6-mm gap filled with flexible materials between the sub-arrays is introduced. To cover the space between the sub-arrays in imaging, a 2D acoustic lens of 30o divergence is applied to each sub-array. To determine the position of each sub-array in the space for image reconstruction, 3 markers are placed on each sub-array to allow a position-reading camera to determine the position of the sub-array.Computer simulation with limited-diffraction array beam method was performed to calculate the ultrasound fields produced by a sub-array and the results show that the beam width of each sub-array of 2.5-MHz center frequency is about 2.6 mm at a depth of 70 mm and 0° steering angle. Thus, the pulse-echo beam dimension is about 2.6 mm by 2.6 mm in the plane that is perpendicular to the ultrasound wave propagation.This demonstrates that the proposed RC array is capable of 3D imaging of a large volume for AI-assisted medical diagnoses with minimal human intervention. Although, as compared to the fully-addressable 2D arrays, the RC arrays can only focus in one dimension in both transmission and reception, leading to lower image resolution and higher sidelobe (reduced image contrast), the proposed RC array is a good compromise and make it feasible for intelligent imaging of a large area such as the abdomen of big patients or pregnant women.


The habitation of bacteria on the rat tongue is highly localized and is independent of oral intake of solid food (Kaster and Cameron, J Dent Res 57:139, 1978). These findings generated interest concerning the bacterial distribution on gingival tissues and its dependence upon the mode of nutritional intake of the host. Total intravenous feeding of rats provides the unique opportunity to study the pattern of bacterial habitation in rats nourished totally by vein. The techniques for iv-feeding were previously described (Cameron and Pavlat, J Nat Cancer Inst 56:597, 1976). Ten male Buffalo-strain rats, eight weeks of age, were randomized into two groups. Both groups were placed in metabolic cages and were fitted with the iv-feeding harnesses. One group was fed a cereal based stock foodt while the other group was iv fed for ten days. Both groups of rats gained weight and were killed. The mandibles were fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde, post-fixed in cold 1% Os 04, dehydrated, dried by the critical point method, and then coated with Au-Pd. The lingual regions of gingiva adjacent to the molars were examined by scanning electron microscop Y. Fig. IA (x183) shows junctional epithelium (JE) adjacent to the enamel (E). An artificial cleft (AC) (caused by specimen preparation) is seen between the junctional epithelium and the gingival crest (GC). The crest of the junctional epithelium shows a number of exfoliating cells, as does the crest of the free gingiva. Fig. IB (x3900) is a magnification of the white rectangular area in Fig. IA and reveals diplococci and bacilli. The remaining gingival epithelium contained fewer exfoliating cells and exhibited no bacterial habitation. This spatial distribution of bacteria on the Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd


Cryptocurrencies are considered digital asset that is saved on a computerized database in a public ledger format using strong cryptography methods or blockchain to secure the transaction record. In recent times it has attracted a large number of holders. Cryptocurrencies are based on entirely new technology, whose prospects are still undiscovered and unknown, which in turn attracted considerable academic studies directed towards creating theoretical models of cryptocurrencies and their possible prospects. In this study, we have considered the topmost cryptocurrencies namely Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, and Litecoin as they have a major part in the cryptocurrency market capitalization which is around 83.4% of the total market. The objective of the study is to understand whether there is a significant association between 4 cryptocurrency prices namely Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, Ripple, and understand whether there is a significant relationship between the Bitcoin cryptocurrency pricing concerning Ethereum, Litecoin Ripple cryptocurrency prices. Secondary and primary data from different websites and questionnaires have been used for the study. It has emerged from the study that there is a high correlation between these cryptocurrencies' prices. It has also been found that Bitcoin prices increases, if Ethereum and Litecoin prices increases. Bitcoin prices decrease, only if Ripple prices increase.


This qualitative research purpose to analyze the mathematical representation ability of students in solving problems viewed from the level of self-efficacy. This research was conducted on 6E grade of mathematics education students at the University of Singapore Karawang. This research is focused on the ability of visual representation, equations representation or mathematical expressions, and words representations or written texts as seen from the level of student self-efficacy. The dimensions of self-efficacy include magnitude, strength, and generality. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques such as tests, questionnaires and interviews. The results showed that the ability of mathematical representation is very important and needed by students in understanding material and solving problems, if the ability of mathematical representation is lacking then it causes a lack of student understanding of the material given so that students have difficulty in working on given problems. A good mathematical representation ability is supported by good student self-efficacy, with optimism and never give up in working on any given problem by thinking of strategies for solving the solution.


We analyze a probability-migration model in which the probability of migration depends on human capital, as produced by CHEN (2008). We show that the human capital can converge to a low or high value depending not only on the functional dependence of the probability of migration on human capital, but also on the initial human capital conditions and on beliefs of the population. Thanks to some new selection mechanisms of migration, we analyze precisely how economies with similar backgrounds may follow different equilibrium paths because their economic agents have different beliefs about their future probability of migration.


One of the key issues arising from the 2009 Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission was whether organisational changes would benefit or hinder future emergency management response. This paper will report on research conducted in the first Bushfire CRC research program. The research included a survey to obtain emergency management personnel perceptions about the suitability of the relevant Incident Control Systems (ICS) in use during fire and emergency management of natural disaster events. The survey was completed with organisational survey data collected from 870 respondents engaged in emergency management work across 25 agencies in Australia and New Zealand.
The research indicates that the original functional purpose of the (ICS) used in Australia (Australasian Inter-Service Incident Management System or AIIMS) and its complement in New Zealand (Coordinated Incident Management System or CIMS) works well, particularly in predictable and routine emergency events. There is, however, evidence to suggest that AIIMS/CIMS processes are strained under conditions of escalation - when emergencies are complex - and that this creates different kinds of tensions for personnel working in different parts of the system.
This paper develops and tests a model of emergency management coordination based on key attributes identified in a factor analysis, and tests the model using structural equation modelling. The findings show that the coordination through organisational processes and distributed collaboration between teams better explained satisfaction with information quality and inter-agency interoperability than within-team communication. Implications for the future of managing dynamic events through the formation of supra-organisational temporary configurations are discussed.


This paper proposes a kind of transcoding scheme which compresses existing JPEG files without any loss of quality. In this scheme, H.264-like block-adaptive intra prediction is employed to exploit inter-block correlations of quantized DCT coefficients stored in the JPEG file. This prediction is performed in spatial domain of each block composed of 8×8 pels, but the corresponding prediction residuals are calculated in DCT domain to ensure lossless reconstruction of the original coefficients. Moreover, block-based classification is carried out to allow accurate modeling of probability density functions (PDFs) of the prediction residuals. A multisymbol arithmetic coder along with the PDF model is used for entropy coding of the prediction residual of each DCT coefficient. Simulation results indicate that the additional reductions of coding rates obtained by the proposed scheme are 18-28% for monochrome JPEG images.


Objective To study a new portable aid bag used to first aid and care in the process of wounded soldiers' delivery so as to meet the need of treatment in the high-technique local war. Methods The function,kinds and amount of outfit are decided on the basis of treating range. The new aid bag with hung sack and capsule outline is designed according to six different modules,which are not only easily-opened but convenient for fast treatment and supply. The field trial was taken after the development. Result A new portable combined aid bag fit for both wartime and peacetime is developed .Conclusion The new portable combined aid bag can meet the need of wounded soldiers' treatment in the modern high-technique local war,and can be used to first aid and care in the process of wounded soldiers' delivery.


One of the programs and activities to equip the teenagers with skills is through the training of making purple sweet potato donuts. The result of these products can be sold to become a source of income. The implementation of training activities for the manufacture of purple sweet potato donuts was conducted in the Orphanage of Tunas Melati Muhammadiyah, Pontianak, which was attended by 35 participants consist of teenagers and orphanages. The atmosphere during the training was quite conducive and interesting. Phase by stage the training was followed by the residents of the orphanage well and they were very enthusiastic about the training. The result of the questionnaire that had been filled by the participants showed that most of them feel happy and enjoy the atmosphere during the training of making purple sweet potato donuts . According to them, the implementation of training activities making purple sweet potato donuts was easy to follow, done and practiced on their own. In addition, the raw materials needed were also easy to obtain and the price was relatively affordable.


8 male patients with chronic dialysis (5 of them with binephrectomy) were thrice a week dialysed in 2 groups alternately 2 months conventionally for 6 hours with a capillary dialysator C-DAK mod. 4 and 2 months for 3 hours with 2 parallel connected C-DAK 4. In a constant square metre-hour-product (23.4 m2h/week), homogeneous criteria of treatment and, as a rule, four times repeated use of the C-DAK 4 clinical parameters, subjective complaints and efficiency of the same patients were compared.


Funeral ritual dances have been present throughout the history of human kind, but they have integrated the striptease to funeral rites in some rural areas of China. This work aims to understand the presence of striptease as a part of those rituals. Contributions of Finol on Anthropo-Semiotics (2011), Semiotics of Culture (Lotman, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000), triadic Semiotics by Peirce (1987), the rites of passage (Van Gennep, 2008) and Netnography (Del Fresno, 2011) were used for analysing this phenomenon from an epistemological approach introspective-experiential (Padron Guillen, 2001, 2003). As conclusion, it can be said that funeral striptease is a mask used by humans for hiding their fear about death, giving an aesthetic role to the latter, as well as a way of expressing the underlying nakedness in the binomial life/death.


We start to introduction and study of Anti-stock photoluminescence process in this article, which is very considered in semiconductors industry recently. In Anti-Stockes photoluminescence process, the energy of output photons is bigger than energy excitation of sample. For this reason, we have described completely, mechanisms which use often for explanation of this process. Thus, we have studied factors which are effective for efficiency increase of this process.


The term "new media" should be considered in accordance to the temporal and spatial context, because something "new" could be "new" only now and here or would be "new" only someday and somewhere, and not forever and everywhere. Therefore it is necessary to take into consideration that hundreds years ago the press was "new", in the 20th Century the radio and television became "new media", and today the term "new media" means, above all, the Internet, mobile telephones and other digital media. Nevertheless, R.D. Wimmer and J.R. Dominick describe the term "new media" in broader context, taking into consideration also different implications of the ICT to the human and social life. There are many different aspects of the "new media" that need to be investigated, and many of them are subjects of many studies realized by scientists from different countries. They research the impact of the "new media" to the traditional mass media, the influence of the Internet on politics and the political marketing, but also other social, economical and communicational aspects of this complex phenomenon. It is important also that the "new media" are useful tools for the researchers on every stage of any scientific investigation. There is strong need to investigate the "new media" in different contexts to understand better the new modern reality.


This paper reports a flexible, implantable, multi-channel muscle electrode which allows: (1) Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) on individual muscle with less muscle fatigue induced, by alternating the stimulated muscle fibers with different electrode combinations; (2) real-time extramuscular pH monitoring.


Careful analysis and thorough generalization of the experience of preparing future teachers is the key to successful pedagogical education in Ukraine in the post-war period, which the country is going through today. The most intense, in terms of normative resolutions and reorganizations, is the beginning of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries, which are marked by unique challenges which Ukraine faced with: defending its national identity during the formation of the union and after its collapse during the formation of independence. These events had a strong impact on the educational system of the country, especially the pedagogical one. When writing the article, historical and pedagogical research methods were used to identify factors in the formation of pedagogical education in the periods under study; a comparative method with the aim of comparing the events of the early XX and early XXI centuries for the qualitative construction of the prospects for higher pedagogical education in Ukraine in the war and post-war period; prognostic method as a way to identify progressive directions in the organization of higher pedagogical education in the near future. The development strategy of pedagogical education in Ukraine in the post-war period includes the following: replenishment of the network of pedagogical universities, development of a strategy for their development; strict selection of applicants for pedagogical HEIs; encouragement and stimulation by the state of stakeholders of graduates of pedagogical universities; improvement of curricula, updating the scientific content of educational and professional training programs for future teachers; stabilization of the system of training pedagogical personnel in accordance with the requests of educational institutions that provide graduates of pedagogical HEIs with jobs; increasing the component of practical training of future teachers.


Inuit of the Mackenzie Delta region, Northwest Territories, relied on a wide range of subsistence resources, however they are best known as the consummate hunters of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas). This species represented a focal resource for the two regional groups centred on the East Channel of the Mackenzie River, but was available much less frequently and reliably to adjacent groups, who relied to a greater degree on alternative resources such as caribou, fish, seals, and bowhead whales. In this paper, we compare archaeofaunas from sites located in the "core" beluga whaling zone of the Mackenzie River East Channel with other sites to the east and west for which direct access to beluga whales was either reduced or non-existent. Bone frequencies are compared both in terms of proportional species representation in site archaeofaunas, and in terms of differential element representation. These comparisons are then interpreted within a framework emphasizing regional economic patterns, as well as local variability in patterns of beluga acquisition, storage, transport, and disposal. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Suzhou, one of the most famous historical cities in China, has undergone significant urbanization over recent decades. These changes have caused a gradual separation of Suzhou's urban heritage from its urban development and hindered the further growth of the city. This study analyzes the distribution of tangible and intangible heritages that constitute the context of Suzhou combined with the historic urban landscape approach to obtain the following conclusions: (1) The current distribution of Suzhou's urban heritage does not completely overlap with the built-up area of the city, and the non-overlapping areas reveal the imbalance of the current urban development and the fracture of the context of Suzhou; this imbalance is still a blind spot in the planning process. (2) The use of intangible cultural heritage will help to establish the possibility of contextual continuation in areas that lack urban heritage. (3) Multi-use community spaces that carry the intangible cultural heritage are particularly important for new urban areas, as they can help urban residents understand the traditional way of life in the region. (4) An approach to heritage management that goes beyond elitism, in conjunction with residents and communities, will help the ancient city to find a better balance between contextual continuity and economic development.


Background: Hip fractures in older patients are associated with impaired mobility, excess morbidity, mortality and loss of independence. To avoid the drawbacks of internal fixation and for early mobilization, hemiarthroplasty is performed in elderly. The bipolar prosthesis was developed to overcome the shortcomings of the unipolar fixed-head prosthesis. An additional site of motion would be expected to decrease the amount of loosening, dislocation, and head migration. The aim of the study is to assess the functional outcome of the patients with fracture neck of femur treated with bipolar hemiarthroplasty.

Methods: In this study, 20 patients above the age of 60 years with acute displaced fracture neck of femur underwent hemireplacement arthroplasty with bipolar prosthesis in Department of Orthopaedics, KIMS, Bangalore. The patients were followed up on 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th week post operatively. Functional outcome was assessed with Harris hip score.

Results: In our study, mean average age was 72.3 years with predominantly female patients with 75% of the patients with left sided fracture. 95% of the patients had slight or no pain, 85% of patients had slight or no limp. 50% of the patients could walk without support, 65% of the patients could walk a distance of 6 blocks or more. Average Harris hip score was 82%.

Conclusions: These results suggest functional outcome following bipolar hemiarthroplasty is good. Early mobilisation, pain free hip and with good level of activity is obtained following bipolar hemiarthroplasty.


We present an approach in STEM education at the intersection of machine learning, gamification, and social context based in Thailand. We designed an agricultural based AI challenge that fostered students to learn the process of creating machine learning models in the form of a game with the emphasis on the Four P's of Creative Learning (Projects, Passion, Play, and Peers). Our goal is to come up with an innovative education model that encourages the students to connect the emerging technological solutions such as AI with the pressing realworld problems in the playful environment. We found that machine learning can be used as a tool to successfully conduct interdisciplinary education at the middle school level.


The research presented in the article focuses on the factors, which determine deictic and anaphoric shifts in Russian translated narratives. The phenomenon of systematic change of proximals (here, now, this house) to distals (there, then, that house) or vice versa, as well as omitting or adding these elements, has been explored in contemporary researches using translated texts corpora. Approximating or distancing trends have been revealed within a corpus of translations or individual translated versions. The article aims to determine the factors influencing deictic and anaphoric shifts in Russian translations of "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" by Mark Twain. The analysis undertaken helped to reveal the following factors: the language factor (translators may use the deictic or anaphoric shifts to avoid incorrect constructions), the stylistic factor (translators prefer the elements that are widespread within a literary tradition), the strategic factor (a translator may apply an individual strategy to highlight the author's authentic style). In Russian translations of the novel about Tom Sawyer the approximating trend is
dominating: the deictic centre of the narrative gets closer to the reader. This effect is achieved by condensing the deictic proximals, substituting past verb forms by historic present and adding anaphoric proximals in the focalized fragments. These changes intensify the author's original approximating strategy of the focalized narrative.


How to rectify the innate problems of globalization by virtue of socialism value will be an important breakthrough in Marxist innovation.Owing to its particular perspective,universal value orientation and abundant theoretic resources,the scientific concept of development is of profound significance to the world.The worldwide significance of it lies in: demonstrates the socialism value by actively participating in globalization;provides a successful model for the developing countries to meet the challenges of economy globalization;brings forth theoretical innovation to achieve good global order;transforms the capitalism-dominant globalization to socialism-dominant globalization.


In underlining the link between film and reform, Aitken clarifies the meaning and significance of Grierson's ideas and the historical role of the documentary film movement. This book should be of interest to students of, and lecturers in, film studies and media studies.


The 24-h LD50 of Orthener (active ingredient acephate, acetylphosphoramidothioic acid o,s-dimethyl ester, CAS 30560-19–1) to little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) was high (> 1,500 mg acephate/kg) and at least several times greater than the LD50 for mice (Mus musculus) (720 mg/kg). Twenty-four hours after dosing, all surviving mice appeared behaviorally normal, but 9 of 30 surviving bats could not right themselves when placed on their backs. When dead and incapacitated bats were combined to calculate an ED50 (median effective dose), the resultant estimate (687 mg/kg) did not differ (p > 0.05) from the LD50 for mice. Serum cholinesterase (ChE) activity in control bats was 3.2 times greater than in mice. The relationship between this naturally high level of ChE and the relative tolerance of bats to organophosphorus insecticides is unexplained. Toxicity of Orthene was clearly less than that reported elsewhere for methyl parathion (phosphorothioic acid o,o-dimethyl o-[4-nitrophenyl] ester, CAS 298–00-0). This finding may be useful in selection of a chemical for agricultural use, but conclusions about the safety of Orthene to this bat species, or to others, must remain tentative until confirmed by studies under field conditions. Because bats are long-lived with low reproductive rates and slow recruitment, any additional mortality in the wild could be critical to population survival.


Greco-Roman wrestling is a kind of sport which is characterized by a high level of psycho-emotional tension, the quickness of motor reaction and by difficult coordinating motional actions. Many leading specialists in sport think that the reserves of the further increase of the training loads are almost exhausted. A wrestler's training in the future, apparently, will be realized by means of more rational correlation of the volume and load intensity, by means of different forms and methods of rehabilitation and others. Material. A complex use of the traditional and modern hardware-based means of rehabilitation during a precompetitive macro cycle of highly qualified Greco-Roman wrestlers training, the effectiveness of their influence on a special physical training of the wrestlers at the stages of sports perfection and the highest sportsmanship. Research methods: scientific literature analysis and summarizing, testing, pedagogical experiment, the methods of mathematical statistics. In order to define a special physical fitness of the wrestlers we used the following control test exercises: shuttle running 3х10 meters (seconds); 2х800 meters running after one minute rest (seconds); chin-ups (quantity at a high crossbar); standing long-jump (centimeters); 60 meters running (seconds). Results. A special physical training evaluation of highly qualified wrestlers during a circannian cycle shows insignificant change of a special physical fitness in the control group in comparison with the experimental group. The wrestlers from the experimental group (candidate masters) had more significant, valid changes according to all testing indices than the wrestlers from the control group. With the help of the mentioned above tests physical fitness level of Greco-Roman wrestlers was evaluated. It was also determined how correctly selected and timely used rehabilitation measures provide a special physical fitness improvement. Conclusion. A systematical use of rehabilitation measures complex has a positive impact on the level of wrestlers' physical state.


This article introduces a small setting case study about the benefits of using TSPi in a software project. An adapted process from the current process based on the TSPi was defined. The pilot project had schedule and budget constraints. The process began by gathering historical data from previous projects in order to get a measurement repository. The project was launched with the following goals: increase the productivity, reduce the test time and improve the product quality. Finally, the results were analysed and the goals were verified.


Modern education, including geographic education, has to face new challenges. Unfortunately, in spite of the raising level of education, which has become common and natural, the processes of globalization and the higher standard of living, there still exist social groups that lag behind the majority in terms of socio-economic development. A particular example of such groups are ethnic and national minorities, for example the Roma ethnic minority in Poland. In spite of the fact that the Roma ethnic minority has been present in Poland for centuries, their actual education began 10 years ago, as the "Programme for the Roma community in Poland" took off. Before that, Roma children did not attend school at all, or ended education after a couple of years of primary school in "Roma classes". The lack of education (often even illiteracy) and the negative stereotype of Roma in the Polish society caused the social exclusion of the Roma minority. In 2001, during the testing of the program in the Malopolska province, teachers faced a new challenge – multicultural teaching, difficult to implement in an ethnically homogeneous nation. In addition to language barriers, negative stereotype and reluctance of Romani parents to educate their children, the school staff also have to overcome cultural differences. However, in many schools education of Roma children is successful in integration classes, thanks to the efforts and preparation of supporting teachers and the new post of the Roma assistant. In the article, the authors focus on those innovative solutions in the field of development of the competence of educational staff, that enable the effective education of Roma children – the only way to fight with the social exclusion of the Roma minority.


By combining the electrochromic (EC) properties of Prussian blue (PB) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), complementary EC displays manufactured by slot‐die coating and screen printing on flexible plastic substrates are reported. Various display designs have been realized, resulting in displays operating in either transmissive or reflective mode. For the transmission mode displays, the color contrast is enhanced by the complementary switching of the two EC electrodes PB and PEDOT:PSS. Both electrodes are either exhibiting a concurrent colorless or blue appearance. For the displays operating in reflection mode, a white opaque electrolyte is used in conjunction with the EC properties of PB, resulting in a display device switching between a fully white state and a blue‐colored state. The developments of the different device architectures, that either operate in reflection or transmission mode, demonstrate a scalable manufacturing approach of all‐printed EC displays that may be used in a large variety of Internet of Things applications.


This paper describes a new method used to fabricate a submicronic recessed gate GaAs FET with Schottky drain. Preliminary DC and microwave results are presented together with the advantages of the Schottky drain.


Conversation is a critical component of storytelling, where key information is often revealed by what/how a character says it. We focus on the issue of character voice and build stylistic models with linguistic features related to natural language generation decisions. Using a dialogue corpus of the television series, The Big Bang Theory, we apply content analysis to extract relevant linguistic features to build character-based stylistic models, and we test the model-fit through an user perceptual experiment with Amazon's Mechanical Turk. The results are encouraging in that human subjects tend to perceive the generated utterances as being more similar to the character they are modeled on, than to another random character.