Today, the main method of treatment and prevention of intrauterine diseases remains local etiotropic therapy, which is based on the introduction of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drugs directly into the uterus. Unfortunately, the standard schemes for the use of modern medicines do not always provide a sufficient therapeutic effect. Therefore, for the treatment of postnatal infections in animals, it is better to use high-intensity antibiotics in the form of aerosols, for example, cephalosporins, which are increasingly used in the treatment of postnatal pathology in animals. Actually therefore we proposed for the prevention and treatment of obstetric pathology in cows after calving a highly active drug in the form of aerosols «Tsefhen». To study the therapeutic efficacy of «Tsefhen», two experimental groups were formed («Tsefhen» was administered in the first group, «Hysterosol» was administered in the second group), and control (only uterine massage) was performed on 6 animals, each of which was diagnosed with purulent catarrhal metritis. Intrauterine use of the drug «Tsefhen» during 3 days with purulent-catarrhal metritis ensured the recovery of 6 cows for 5 days, and a five-time use of «Hysterosol» contributed to the recovery of 5 diseased animals for 8 days. In the control group of cows, recovery was observed in 4 cows for 14 days. The effectiveness of the used drug is indicated by the service period and the index of insemination, which in the first experimental group was 58.7 mg in the index of insemination of 1.0 units, in the second experiment it was 70.0 days for the insemination index 1.2, compared with the control animals where the service period was 113.0 days at an index of 1.6. Based on this data, we recommend using aerosol «Tsefhen» in the treatment and prophylaxis of obstetric pathology.


This study aimed at the geological and geospatial mapping of flood vulnerable areas in Ganaja, Lokoja metropolis for proper flood mitigation. The geological mapping of the study area involved taking several traverses and understudying the different rock types in the study area. Rocks identified are porphyritic granite, migmatite, augen gneiss, aplitic granite, medium-grained granite, pegmatitic intrusions and quartzo-feldspathic veins, banded gneiss and biotite gneiss. Fractures and joint within the rocks show NW-SE, NNE-SSW orientations; corresponding to the predominant stress direction that represent imprints of the Pan-African orogeny. The incessant inundation of the settlement by floods has necessitated this risk and vulnerability assessment. Results from the geospatial investigation identified three areas with respect to vulnerability level. Buildings within 100 meters buffer distance from the river banks and flood plains are highly vulnerable, those within 200 meters buffer distance is moderately vulnerable while those 300 meters above buffer distance are less vulnerable areas. The relationship between the geology or geomorphology of the area and its effect on flood vulnerability is clearly seen from the geologic, elevation and vulnerability maps of the study area. The contour intervals in the western section is seen to have steeper slopes thereby allowing for easy run-off while the eastern section, having the flood plains of River Niger; have more gentle slopes with a tendency to accumulate water.


In this paper, we first review and compare the two main techniques allowing to purify and extract selectively semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWNT)). These purification steps are essential to obtain an optical-quality material. Such material is then suitable for optical applications and photonic devices. We present two major advances in carbon nanotubes optics and photonics: on one hand, the demonstration of optical gain in s-swnt by two independent methods, with modal gain as high as 160 ±10 cm-1 at 1.3 μm and on the other hand, the integration of SWNT in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform as a potential material for integrated photonic devices. Overall coupling efficiency could be estimated up to 10-1.


Sustainable development is not just about technological innovation, but rather about a radical shift in the way society thinks. The environmental effects of our choices and behavior must be internalized. In the context of product development, this internalization should occur in early product development under the guidance of an environmental expert. During early product design phases there may be numerous concepts with significant differences, detailed information is scarce, and decisions must be made quickly. The overhead in developing parametric life-cycle assessment (LCA) models for a diverse range of concepts, and the lack of detailed information make the integration of environmental expertise through traditional LCA models impractical. Therefore, a new approach was developed to incorporate analytically based environmental assessment in early design stages. Product descriptors are the communication interface between environmental experts and designers for this new model, called a learning surrogate LCA. Product descriptors are a set of keywords both understood by designers in relation to a preliminary product, and meaningful in an approximate environmental impact assessment of a product. This thesis develops a set of product concept descriptors for use in environmental assessment. The chosen descriptor set was measurable by designers in conceptual design, and produced reasonable results when used to predict environmental impacts using an approximate model. Tests within the DOME integrated modeling environment have shown it is possible to predict the life-cycle energy consumption of a product. There is also a basis for the method to be used in predicting solid material, greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion, acidification, eutrophication, winter smog, and summer smog. Thesis Supervisor: David R. Wallace Title: Ester and Harold Edgerton Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering Acknowledgements There are many people I'd like to thank for contributing to this work, providing motivation for me to begin this work, or both. First, I sincerely thank the designers who took time out of their busy workdays to complete the survey: Allan Budris, Konrad Chan, Mike Elter, Nicolas Ganzon, Rachel Happe, Karl Hauenstein, Jared Judson, Darrell Kleinke, Richard Moberg, Jon Rossman, Kevin Ryczek, Ronald Scholl, Willaim Starks, Robert Stephens, Rich White, and Ted Wright. As well, I'd like to thank Renee Olson and Kikki Baumann for allowing me to bother them much more than once. I thank the Alliance for Global Sustainability for providing funding for this work; it has been quite an experience for me-one that has opened up my eyes and mind. I thank David Wallace, my advisor, for having confidence in me to do this work, for offering just the right amounts of structure and flexibility-research support with allowance to go where the research takes me, and for his thorough editing capabilities. I am especially grateful to Ines Sousa for her mentorship, without which this research would never have gotten as far as it did. I also thank the rest of the CADLab crew for their many personalities: Johnny Chang, Juan Deniz, Ed Ferara, Maria Kamvysellis, Jaehyun Kim, Bill Liteplo, Jeff Lyons, Shaun Meredith, Stephen Smyth, and Priscilla Wang. Thanks to Kevin Davis, my close and best friend, for supplying me with chocolate and his words of wisdom to get me through the last physical writing of this thesis. Finally, I'd like to thank members of my family, especially my mother and grandfather, for providing support and motivation without even knowing it.


It is known that one of the main functions of an encapsulation foil is to protect the module against external aging factors. But, what about the impact of the lamination foil itself on module reliability? In this study we will focus on EVA based lamination foils and the impact caused by some chemicals contained in such foils on the module performance. Special attention will be devoted to the effect of standard components like HALS (hindered amine light stabilizer), peroxides, UV blockers, the acidity of the master batch and different bulk EVA on reliability of thin film silicon modules. Due to environmental factors, free radicals can be formed inducing degradation effects. The impact on reliability will be studied.


Objective To assess the role of pulmonary monocusp during one-stage repair of TOF under 6 months old.Methods Among a total of 113 one-stage repaired TOFs under 6 months old from January 2008 to January 2013,there were 69 boys and 44 girls with a mean operative age of(4.6 ± 1.3) (2-6) months.The mean body weight was (6.8 ± 1.3) (3.5-10) kg.And the mean preoperative SpO2 was 86.4% ± 8.6% (56%-98%).They were divided into 3 groups of A,B and C according to the approaches of right ventricular outflow tract(RVOT)construction.Group A (n =19) underwent transannular patch and pulmonary monocusp,Group B (n =68) transannular patch enlargement and Group C (n =26) valve sparing patch as control.Three groups were compared to analyze the discrepancy of condition before,during and after operation.Results Two deaths occurred in group B while no death in other two groups.Ventilation time in group B was(2.30 ± 1.41)days and ICU stay duration(4.82 ± 2.07)days.They were longer than group C [(1.53 ± 0.92),(3.09 ± 1.12) days].Fifty-two patients in group B had more than moderate pulmonary regurgitation after surgery while only 5 in group C.Urine volume during the first postoperative 24 hour in group B was(1.72 ± 0.49)ml·kg-1 · h-1 and it was less than group C(2.41 ± 0.99)ml·kg-1 ·h-1 ; CVP in group B was (12.76 ±2.06)mmH2O and it was higher than group C(10.59± 1.94)rnmH2O.The dose of diuretics was (3.84± 1.90) mg· kg-1 · d-1 in group B.Twenty-nine patients required epinephrine while the dose of diuretics was(2.46 ± 0.61)mg· kg-1 · d-1 in group C and only one needed epinephrine.There was statistically significant difference(P<0.05 or P<0.01).As compared to group C,group A had similar values of bypass and cross-clamp time,ventilation and ICU stay,pulmonary regurgitation,urine volume during the first postoperative 24 hour and dose of diuretics.It indicated that group A recovered more quickly than group B after pulmonary monocusp implantation.Conclusions Monocusp plays an effective role of reducing pulmonary regurgitation during one-stage repair of TOF under 6 months old.And it can decrease the duration of perioperative recovery and the dosing of diuretics and epinephrine.There is no occurrence of thrombosis or endocarditis during early and mid-term followups.

Key words:
Pulmonary valve insufficiency;  Tetralogy of fallot;  Cardiovascular surgical procedures


Currently synthetic aperture flow methods can find the correct velocity magnitude, when the flow direction is known. To make a fully automatic system, the direction should also be estimated. Such an approach has been suggested by Jensen (2004) based on a search of the highest cross-correlation as a function of velocity and angle. This paper presents an experimental investigation of this velocity angle estimation method based on a set of synthetic aperture flow data measured using our RASMUS experimental ultrasound system. The measurements are performed for flow angles of 60, 75, and 90 deg. with respect to the axial direction, and for constant velocities with a peak of 0.1 m/s and 0.2 m/s. The implemented synthetic aperture imaging method uses virtual point sources in front of the transducer, and recursive imaging is used to increase the data rate. A 128 element linear array transducer is used for the experiments, and the emitted pulse is a 20 micro sec. chirp, linearly sweeping frequencies from approximately 3.5 to 10.5 MHz. The flow angle could be estimated with an average bias up to 5.0 deg., and a average standard deviation between 0.2 deg. and 5.2 deg. Using the angle estimates, the velocity magnitudes were estimated with average standard deviations no higher than 6.5% relative to the peak velocity.


We have constructed an algorithm information system ALGO on an information retrieval systern ORION, which is intended to col}ect, organize and store information concerniRg quality computational algorithms to be used over a wide range of scientific fields and to provide the information corresponding to requests of general users with various motivations. The algorithm information is represented in a conceptual frameworl〈 consisting of the three basic sets of attributes, i.e., bibliographic, functional and operational ones, selected to describe the essential features of the computational algorithms. We have found that an information retrieval method is effective not only for dissemination of algorithrn information but also for its organization and maiRtenance. However, two directions can be suggested for constructing a more integrated aigorithm information system, i.e., one to the knowledge based system type and the other to the method base system type.


A new measuring architecture for phase-based infrared ranging applied to indoor positioning is presented. The motivation to develop this proposal was to reduce the critical effect of multipath interferences on the differential distances estimated by the ranging system. The multipath mitigation feature of the proposed system is based on applying a spread spectrum modulation on the emitted signal so that the line-of-sight component reaching the receivers can be discriminated from the non-line-of-sight components by applying a selective coherent demodulation. An overview of the system architecture is provided, together with the first approach to the model of the demodulation process and its validation. The conclusions obtained from the study of the proposal are used to provide preliminary results of the mitigation capabilities of the system, and to analyze the key issues involved in its implementation. The results show that the effectiveness of the proposal is strongly related with the infrared link bandwidth. Mitigation levels above 50% for multipath 4.5 meters longer than the direct path are reached if the infrared link bandwidth is higher than 200 MHz.


Batteries based on sodium layered transition metal oxides are a promising alternative to current state-of-the-art lithium-ion systems for large-scale energy storage, resulting in recent intensive efforts to develop high-energy density, low cost, stable cathode materials. Some of the most promising degrade on exposure to ambient atmosphere; however, the process is not understood. Here, using neutron/X-ray diffraction coupled with mass spectroscopy and thermal analysis, we reveal the nature of the reactivity. We demonstrate the unprecedented insertion of carbonate ions in the vacancy-rich layered structure of P2-Na0.67[Mn0.5Fe0.5]O2 on exposure to CO2 and moisture, concomitant with oxidation of Mn(III) to Mn(IV). The material exhibits much higher charge/discharge polarization and lower capacity than rigorously air-protected P2-Na0.67[Mn0.5Fe0.5]O2; a detailed study by online electrochemistry mass spectroscopy reveals that the inserted carbonate ions decompose during electrochemical charging, accounting for ...


This article considers the cognitive and intuitive aspect of the translation process as a heuristic search for a translation solution based on implicit mental models of an associative and subjective nature. As their theoretical underpinning the authors analyzed studies of the cognitive aspect of translation activity, the specifics of studying translation intuition and use of the 'Thinking Aloud' method for obtaining experimental data. Translation intuition is considered as a particular type of intellectual activity based on the subjective analysis of a particular situation. Scrutiny of a translation as a functional and cognitive process of active intellectual activity implies the selection of a translation equivalent that is itself a strategy for utilizing the subconscious, based on sensations and empirical knowledge. As part of the practical experiment at the University of Bath the authors describe the strategy of searching for translation solutions which are presumed to be based on translation intuition: As a result, the authors come to the conclusion that the intuitive solution to a translation problem is based not only on analysis and synthesis, but also on the ability to bring into play deeper structures related to accumulated experience and individual sensations and feeling for the language, including the involvement of situational frames. © 2018 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


This article aims to analyse, from a historical-military context, the importance of Cyprus in the geopolitical world during the Cold War. Cyprus is a small island located in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, to the south of Turkey and west of Syria and Lebanon. Due to its strategic position between three continents, it was occupied by the Phoenicians, Egyptians, Assyrians, Persians, Greeks and Romans in ancient times. During the Cold War, Cyprus was used as a support base for the actions of the great occidental powers. The article is based on the author's experience, having worked as a Military Observer and Liaison Officer from September 2012 to July 2013 in Cyprus. It is also based on detailed literature reviews on this topic and official UN documents from the period.


There is an essential methodological connection between theory, the collection of data, and econometrics. Theory can consist of simple or complex hypotheses, the comparative static predictions of structural theory, or the latent components of that structural theory itself. The collection of data might be as simple as using preexisting data, the development of survey instruments, or the design of controlled experiments. In many cases of interest to behavioral econometrics, the data consist of controlled lab or field experiments. Most of the behavioral data encountered from controlled experiments is relatively easy to evaluate with known econometric methods. Section 4.1 reviews a range of methods for different types of experiments. In some cases simple, "agnostic" statistical modeling is appropriate, since the experiment "does the work of theory" for the analyst, by controlling for treatments and potential confounds. In other cases more nuanced structural modeling is appropriate, and we now have a rich array of econometric tools that have been applied and adapted to the specific needs of behavioral economists. On the other hand, there is a methodological tension in the air, with widely differing statistical and econometric methods being applied to what looks to be the same type of inference. There are two major problems with the methodologies applied in behavioral econometrics. One is a separation of skills, with statistical and econometric methods just being appended as an afterthought.1 The other is the simple misapplication of econometric methods, akin to the story that Leamer (1978: vi) told of his teachers preaching econometric cleanliness in the classrooms on the top floor of a building, and then descending into the basement to build large-scale macro-econometric models that violated almost every tenet from the classroom. These problems are anticipated in the review in Section 4.1, and the illustrations of two methodological innovations in Sections 4.2 and 4.3. They are directly illustrated with some real case studies in Sections 4.4, 4.5, and 4.6, with emphasis on the measurement and analysis of risk preferences. Section 4.4 considers the empirical evidence for Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT) and asks if anyone is even reading the evidence with any methodological care. Section 4.5 considers the empirical evidence for the Priority Heuristic (PH) from psychology and offers a sharp reminder of why we worry about the likelihood of observations from the perspective of theory. Section


Naming requires recognition. Recognition requires the ability to categorize objects and events. What mechanisms in the brain underlie the unfolding of these capacities? In this article, we describe a neural network model in which artificially created individuals are exposed to visual stimuli and vocal sounds and are tested in experiments like human children. The model simulates, in a biologically plausible way, the process by which infants learn how to recognize objects and words through experience.


The paper introduces air-conditioning system,self-controlling system and smoke controlling design by comparing economy between ice storage cold air-conditioning system and normal air-conditioning system.


The multipole expansions method is an effective tool for solving the elasticity problems. The idea of the method is to present the unknown solution as a series in terms of the multipoles - singular solutions of elasticity. The coefficients of the series are then obtained by minimizing the error functional describing the difference between the given boundary conditions and those retrieved using the series. In the paper a review of the works of the authors related to application of the multipole expansions method for solving 2D- and 3D-elastisity problems for the media with pores is given. The obtained results are presented and briefly discussed.


This research aims to describe the types of difficulties encountered by students when conducting online learning through WhatsApp, as well as how teachers address students' learning difficulties. The method used in this research was qualitative research method using case study design. Data were gathered through online observation and interviews. Data analysis was carried out by collecting data, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. To check the validity of the data, sources and technique triangulations were used. The results of this research showed that there were several difficulties experienced by the students during online learning through WhatsApp group, such as lack of support facilities because students did not have their own mobile phones, unstable internet network, and insufficient internet quota. Regarding the use of WhatsApp in learning activities, students had difficulty discussing in the group or using WhatsApp features. The teacher overcame the obstacles for students who did not have their own mobile phones by asking their classmates or neighbors who lived nearby to provide information related to learning activities. To address challenges such as an unstable internet network, the teacher instructed students to find a location with a good network while learning. Then, regarding students who did not have an internet quota, the teacher recorded the student's WhatsApp numbers so they could get free internet assistance from the Ministry of Education and Culture. To solve problems related to the difficulty of students discussing in groups and difficulties using the WhatsApp feature, the teacher always guided and assisted students on how to use the WhatsApp features in the learning process.


P. E. criterion test is a kind of evaluation and it is also a method to stimulate students to do more exercise to strengthen their body. The test itself is not a purpose, but the present methods to test the students are not so practical. In this article I raise the developing evaluation, because it is more reasonable, can arouse the students?activity, accelerate the development of the students?constitution and make them form the habit of participating the exercise. It is also a suggestion to innovate the current test according to the present tendency to evaluate the education.


We consider the following counting of the number of permutations (0 ≤ k ≤ n): Formula math. with constraints that a i ¬= i, i + 1,..., i + k - 1 (mod n). When k = 1 and k = 2, this problem becomes de Montmort's Encounter Problem and Lucas's Manager Problem, respectively, and their counting formulae have been known [4,5]. But when k ≥ 3, we have not found any simple counting formulae yet [5]. In [2], there is a counting formula for k = n - 3. In this paper, we present the following simple counting formula for k = n - 4, D n (n-4) = 6C n - 4C n-1 - 2C n-2 + 2, n ≥ 4, where C 1 = 1, C 2 = 2, C 3 = 4, C m = C m-1 + C m-2 + C m-3 , m ≥ 4.


The number of laboratory methods for the analysis of samples from process streams has increased tremendously so that the analytical chemist need only review the literature to find one suitable for his application..The literature cites many methods by gas and liquid chromatography, atomic absorption, infra-red, ion chromatography, etc. The direct application of analytical methods to continuous analysis of process streams has recently grown as rapidly or as profusely as laboratory methods. There are many advantages to continuous analysis for example, increased yield of a pure chemical such as in the fractional distillation of benzene, toluene, and xylene. Here, when the operator finds toluene distilling with benzene, he diverts the distillate to a separate tank so that the pure distilled benzene is not contaminated. But it is difficult to assess when all the pure benzene has been distilled and the results of laboratory analysis on stream samples would be too late to be of any value to the operator. On-stream analyzers reduce quality variations of manufactured products in the petroleum and chemical industries. There is better yield of the valuable chemical and both operating costs and energy consumption are reduced. Plant capacity is increased and a reduction in standard deviation leads to a more uniform product. Reprocessing of offspecification material is reduced which increases customer satisfaction and ultimately sales. In the petroleum industry on stream analysis contributes to longer catalyst life, less coking, and less distillation flooding. EPA legislation governing pollution sources, toxic or combustible occupational environments, consumer product quality and safety have also contributed to expanding interest in on-stream analyzers. Microprocessors are replacing mechanical cams, punched or magnetic tape and logic circuit programmers in many designs and following improved reliability and flexibility, more complex sequences are possible. Also, they are wellsuited to handling signal manipulations associated with identifying and measuring peak heights and peak areas of detector outputs, compensating for drift, providing automatic calibration to accommodate changing background substances, alarming measurements outside established limits, and rejecting signals caused by spurious transmission noise. Flexibility exists in the form of output that can be specified, and these instruments are easily interfaced with the plant computer for monitoring or control. In representative distillation column applications, the chromatograph-based control has been found to reduce energy requirements by 10-20%. Other benefits include a 5-10% throughput increase, a 5-30% rise in recovery of the more valuable product, upgrade of the less valuable product and smoother operation of the fractionator or downstream equipment. The potential returns from optimising catalytic crackers are high because units not only incorporate feed heaters which consume significant quantities of fuel gas, but are large producers and users of steam. For example, in one two-unit complex, an analyzer-based information system was critical in implementing changes which reduced gas consumption by about 100 million BTU per hour, generating a return of over $1 rillion annually. The chemist or chemical engineer must determine the advantages of continuous analysis before the installation of the procedure is considered. This summary is intended to give the chemist or chemical engineer a guide as to the problems encountered in some of the installations and their solutions.


Abstract. The investigation of surging glaciers using remote sensing has recently seen a strong increase as freely available satellite data and digital elevation models (DEMs) can provide detailed information about surges that often take place in remote or inaccessible regions. Apart from analysing individual surges, satellite information is increasingly used to collect capable data on surging glaciers. Related inventories have recently been published for several regions in High Mountain Asia including the Karakoram, parts of the Pamir and western Kunlun Shan, but information for the entire Pamir is solely available from a historic database listing about 80 glaciers with confirmed surges. Here we present an updated inventory of confirmed glacier surges for the Pamir that considers results from earlier studies and is based on a systematic analysis of Landsat image time series (1988 to 2018) and DEM differences. Actively surging glaciers were identified from animations, flicker images and the typical elevation change patterns. Selected historic and contemporary very high-resolution imagery were used to confirm surges. In total, we identified 206 spatially distinct surges within 186 glacier bodies, mostly clustered in the northern and central part of the Pamir. Where possible, minimum and maximum glacier extents were digitized, but often interacting tributaries made a clear separation challenging. Most surging glaciers (n = 70) are found in the larger size classes (> 10 km2), but two of them are very small ( https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.914150 (Goerlich et al., 2020).


In this paper a computational simulation of the imitation of intentional behaviour is presented. Important assumptions which make the problem computationally tractable are introduced and motivated. It is shown that horizontal, iterated learning, and vertical transmission schemes can be used to learn from imitation using the proposed framework.


This paper presents the results of an investigation into relationships between (key, IV) pairs that give rise to phase shifted keystreams for the stream cipher Plantlet. We demonstrate that such slid pairs exist for Plantlet, and that very small phase shifts are possible, including shifts of length 1. We also show that the keyspace can be partitioned into sets of keys which give rise to initial states that lie on the same state cycle during keystream generation. For a given key used to generate Plantlet keystreams, we provide a method for generating all other keys that give rise to phase shifted keystreams as they move through internal states on the same state cycle.


This paper presents Hand Motor Imagery (HMI) using Electroencephalogram (EEG). The key idea is to useWavelet Packet Transform (WPT) to filter irrelevant signal; Comparing to using static filters. Band selection is basedon an objective function which is consisted of wavelet coefficients. Local Discriminant Bases (LDB) algorithm isadopted to select the most appropriate bands. Feature is variance of Common Spatial Pattern (CSP). Bayes DecisionTheory (BDT) is used as a signal classifier. The proposed method gains higher accuracy than many existing methods. KEYWORDS: Bayes, brain-computer interface, common spatial pattern, hand motor imagery, local discriminant bases, wavelet packet


Acetylcholine (ACh, 100 microM)-evoked catecholamine release from perfused bovine adrenal glands was unaffected by CTX (0.3 microM) and depressed 70% by nisoldipine (1 microM). Combined CTX plus nisoldipine did not inhibit further the secretory response K+ (150 mM)-evoked secretion was diminished 30% by CTX and 20% by nisoldipine. Combined CTX plus nisoldipine inhibited secretion by 35%. Cd2+ blocked the K(+)-evoked secretory response by over 90%. Bay K 8644 (1 microM) enhanced the basal output of catecholamines and clearly potentiated the secretory responses to mild concentrations of ACh (3 microM) or K+ (17.7 mM). The results suggest that in addition to CTX- and DHP-sensitive Ca2+ channels, a third Ca2+ pathway might contribute to the entry of external Ca2+ into chromaffin cells necessary to trigger the exocytotic catecholamine release response in the bovine adrenal gland.


Artificial neural networks are gaining popularity thank to their fast and accurate response paired with low computing power requirements. They have been proven as a method for compressor performance prediction with satisfactory results. In this paper a new approach of artificial neural networks modelling is evaluated. The auxiliary parameter of 'relative stability margin Z' was introduced and used in learning process. This approach connects two methods of compressor modelling such as neural-networks and auxiliary parameter utilization. Two models were created, one with utilization of the 'relative stability margin Z' as a direct indication of surge margin of any estimated condition, and other with standard compressor parameters. The results were compared by determination of fitting, interpolation and extrapolation capabilities of both approaches. The artifi-cial neural networks used during the process was a two-layer feed-forward neural-network with Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm with Bayesian regularization. The experimental data was interpolated to increase the amount of learning data for the neural network. With the two models created, capabilities of this relatively simple type of neural-network to approximate compressor map was also assessed.


Background: There are few studies reported on Kummell's disease. Therefore,it remains incomplete. Objective:Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of kyphoplasty for Kummell disease in patients without neurological deficit. Methods:Methods: Thirteen patients with Kummell disease without neurological deficit were treated with kyphoplasty from February 2007 to March 2012. The visual analogue scale(VAS),Oswestry disability index(ODI),and the height and kyphotic angle of involved vertebral body were measured to evaluate clinical outcomes before and after surgery. The successful treatment was defined as VAS or ODI reduction at least 50%. Results:Results: VAS scores were 6.7±0.88,4.3±0.64,3.6±0.69 and 3.2±0.90 at 3 d,1 month,3 months and 12 months postoperatively,which were significantly lower than the preoperative one(7.9±0.70,P0.05). The rate of pain relief was 81%. ODI were 23.5±1.90,15.0±0.86,13.8±0.60 and 12.5±0.50 at 3 d,1 month,3 months and 12 months postoperatively,which were significantly lower than the preoperative one(30.8±4.60,P0.05). The function improving rate was 71% at the final followup. The motor function was improved significantly after surgery in 12 patients. The mean injured vertebral height increased from(13.8±1.36) cm preoperatively to(18.5±1.59) cm 12 months postoperatively(P0.05). The mean Cobb angle of involved vertebrae reduced significantly from 20.8°±2.46° preoperatively to 14.6°±1.46° 12 months postoperatively(P0.05). There was no significant difference in adjacent vertebral height before and after surgery. Conclusions:Conclusions: The current understanding of Kummell's disease is still limited. Kyphoplasty is effective for Kummell disease in the patients without neurological deficit.


Statement of Problem: Determining the appropriate Working Length (WL) is an important factor in the success of root canal therapy. Several methods are available for this purpose but radiography is the mostly used one . Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the conventional and self -developing films with a Gold standard in estimation of the working length . Materials and Method: In this descriptive study, radiographs were obtained with conventional and self-developing films from 45 mesiobuccal maxillary molar root canals which were mounted on a phantom head. Conventional films were processed automatically and self-developing films manually in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. The radiographs were examined by three endodontologists and one oral and maxillofacial radiologist under double-blind conditions. Actual working lengths were measured on each tooth (Gold standard) and then measurements from each film type were compared together and against the Gold Standard. The data were analyzed using t-test and paired t-test.                                                                                Results: The average difference in WL between the conventional and self-developing films measured against the Gold standard was 0.33 mm and 0.14 mm, respectively. No significant difference was found between these two types of films and the Gold standard ( p =0.06 and p =0.7, respectively) . Also, there was no significant difference between these two types of films for estimation of the working length ( p =0.4). Conclusion: Although there was no significant difference between these two types of films, the assessment shows that self-developing films produced more accurate results in estimation of the working length. It is concluded that in the absence of dark room and processing solutions, self-developing films can be suitably used instead of conventional films. Key words: conventional radiography, self developing film, root canal, working length


The purpose of this study is to elucidate the effect of manual remedy therapy on a severity change of pain and a range of motion of neck in eleven patients with cervical hypolordosis, using paper questionaires and X-ray imagings, and to promote the health and rehabilitation of cervical arthropathy a...


CPU architecture is a complex field in which students can be easily overwhelmed. To mitigate this complexity we demonstrate the "Paper CPU", an in-class activity wherein students simulate a Y86 processor on paper. Students report the activity to be an interesting and useful introduction to CPU architecture, and appear to focus more on the behaviour of the system.


Keyywords Trend analysis, Homogeneity analysis, Spearman's Rho Test, Mann Kendall Test, Hirfanli Dam basin Abstract: Climates are constantly changing on a temporal and spatial scale, so they are not static. In recent years, global warming and changes in climate have shown more and more effects on the hydrological cycle and water resources, and their effects have become so noticeable that they hinder sustainable life. For this reason, the studies on the investigation of the main causes of the observed changes in the climate, the evaluation of climate change as a process and the determination of the effects that will emerge, have increased over time. In the present study, the homogeneity of annual and seasonal temperature series in Hirfanli Dam basin were examined by using the Pettitt Test (PT), and the trends were examined with the Spearman's Rho (SR) test and Mann Kendall (MK) test. Hirfanli Dam basin, which is located in the semi-arid climate region where climate change can be seen due to its location, was chosen as the study area. The temperature data of the Gemerek, Kayseri, Kirsehir, Nevsehir, Sivas and Zara meteorological stations in the basin between 1965 and 2017 were analyzed. It was noted that summer temperatures increased throughout the basin. Significant trends to increase were also detected in spring and autumn. The trend to increase was statistically significant at a 95% confidence level in all stations except for the Zara in terms of annual temperatures. Trend maps were prepared for the basin by using the results obtained here and the Geographical Information Systems. It was reported that the tendency to increase in annual temperature series was because of the increase in summer temperatures at intense levels throughout the basin.


Scenario-based Learning (SBL), founded on situated learning theory and the valuing of contextual knowledge, can provide one stratagem for getting students closer to the realities of their intended profession through the construction and reconstruction of authentic learning experiences and the deliberate embedding of graduate attributes – as building blocks for 'employability'. This paper outlines research on the efficacy of SBL for embedding specific graduate attributes in four discipline areas at James Cook University Australia. Stage 1 of the project incorporated peer review, strategic conversations, and scenario engagement. Team members planned, delivered, evaluated, and critically reflected on their work, observed others and provided collaborative peer review. Stage 2 involved the generation of support materials for JCU academic staff. Stage 3 was project dissemination, in the form of various presentations and the publication of findings in peer reviewed journals. In 2011, the research continues to be a developmental experience for team members and students alike. Findings obtained via student interviews and official student surveys suggest that students' satisfaction has further increased since the project began in 2010; teaching strategies are being optimised; graduate attributes are being achieved; and team members are committed to increasing real-world, scenario examples in preparing graduates for the professions.


In this work, the creep of lightweight aggregate concrete under constant stress is described by a logarithmic function of time, and the variations of the coefficients with age are experimentally determined. Using the relation thus obtained, an attempt is made to predict the creep of lightweight concrete specimens with the same composition under stepwise varying stresses, assuming a linear viscoelastic behavior. It was established that there is good agreement between the predicted and experimental values.


Objective To express and purify the fusion protein of rhaFGF-tat with biological activity,and provide a foundation for development of an genetically engineered drug.Methods The aFGF-tat gene fragment through digesting the pMD18-T-aFGF-tat was obtained,then the recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coil BL21 (DE3)and induced by IPTG.The protein was purified by CM-Sepharose FF cation exchange and heparin-Sepharose FF affinity.The activity of aFGF-tat was detected with NIH 3T3proliferation assay.Results Acquired gene fragments of aFGF-tat identified by digestion and DNA sequencing were coincident with the human aFGF-tat reported in GenBank.The recombinant vector of pET3c-aFGF-tat was constructed successfully.SDS-PAGE result proved that aFGF-tat fusion protein with a relative molecular mass of about 19 102was expressed.The purity of fusion protein was more than 95%,Western blotting results showed that the expressed products had specific reaction with anti-human aFGF polyclonal antibody and was able to promote the proliferation of NIH 3T3cells. Conclusion aFGF-tat fusion gene is expressed in E.coil and purified successfully,and the aFGF-tat fusion protein can promote the proliferation of cells.


Background:  Bile duct obstruction is associated with hepatic accumulation of leukocytes and liver injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of simvastatin on cholestasis‐induced liver inflammation and tissue damage.


The fate of DNA[2][1] in the blood of rabbits and mice, after i.v. and i.p. injection, has been followed by viscosimetry and chemical determination of acid-precipitable DNA. It has been shown that the initial degradation of DNA is due to neutral DNase activity, which sets up a very effective biochemical barrier against exogenous DNA. The change in molecular weight of DNA administered in vivo has been calculated and correlated with the time after which physical properties of DNA are not consistent with biologic activity. This time can be expected to vary from a few sec to about 10 min in animal species with low plasma DNase level, such as man. It can be increased by using DNase-inhibitors like methyl green.

Although it is unlikely that a large amount of highly polymerized DNA could reach cells without previous depolymerization after i.v. administration, our results are compatible with the expression of any infecting or transforming properties of this material.

 [1]: #fn-2


The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is a geo-political and financial association of ten nations situated in Southeast Asia, which was formed on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Since then, association has protracted to comprise Brunei, Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. Its goals comprise hastening economic growth, social progress, and cultural progress among its members, safeguard of provincial harmony and constancy, and prospects for member countries to deliberate variances tranquilly. ASEAN has expected a better role as a universal provider of automotive, and is anticipated to nurture in prominence owing to a modest manufacture base with sturdy competencies in certain product ranges. This will increase considerably not only in terms of financial progress, but also service and technological development. ASEAN members are located in terrestrial proximity; there are economic, social and cultural gaps among the members. Therefore, the state of automotive industry differs from country to country in terms of demand, customer fondness and supply which are strong-minded by production and sales capacity of vehicles. In this context the study has been conducted to know the market share in production and sales of passenger vehicles of ASEAN countries. The study is equipped grounded on primary and secondary informations. The primary data has collected through oral interview from stalwarts of automotive industry. The secondary informations is composed from the reports of international conference of automotive industry and all existing literature has collected also from internet automotive websites, auto business magazines, e-auto journals etc. Finally suggestions have been framed and conclusions have been drawn for the study.


Algorithmic methods developed for structured Markov chains are extended to solve questions about a class of continuous-time branching processes called Markovian binary trees (MBTs). This approach allows us to compute the extinction probability of an MBT, the distribution of its maximal size given extinction, the expected time until extinction, and the mean time until the tree reaches a given size. The resulting algorithms are efficient in practice for processes of relatively small dimension. The numerical methods are illustrated on MBTs evolving in a Markovian random environment.


Western painting in the 19th century,started a school lines,Fangsheng the death of the times,and stressed that non-rational person unconscious or subconscious level of emotion and instinct will urge the theoretical background,the expression of modern Western artists strange,ugly,dark and anomaly,it pointed and sharp,absurdity and decadence...


An integrated LC-VCO using an 8-shaped inductor for reduced EM radiation is presented. A low phase noise is measured at 1 MHz offset ranging from 134 to 128 dBc/Hz for carrier frequencies from 2.9 to 3.47 GHz, respectively. The coil is implemented with a double aluminium metal layer and presents a measured quality factor Q 20 at 3 GHz. The circuit is realised in a 40 GHz-f T 0.25 m BiCMOS technology. Power consumption is about 13.5 mW from a 1.8 V regulated supply voltage.


Introduction: Individual health has been proved to be under the influence of various factors such as the use of health care services, diet, smoking and alcohol, physical environment, and health-related behaviors. Therefore, the main determinants of health are factors such as income, education, and access to health services, and systematic changes in these factors lead to socio-economic injustice in health. The present study was carried out through library and internet search. Medline and Google Scholar databases were also utilized.Combining Contents and Results: According to the present study, an increase in health input expenses would inevitably lead to aggravation of the health situation and decrease in income would result in the worst health status of the poor. Moreover, people with higher education use less health inputs; however, they enjoy higher status than those with lower educational levels.Conclusion: Health demand approach provides only a part of the information needed for policy-makers and decision-makers in health system. Theoretical and empirical analyses of the health claim could indicate that policy actions are likely to be more effective in overcoming barriers to health but are not capable of determining which one is likely to be more cost-effective . The demand for information about the health only provides the necessary tools about the benefits of special policy making decisions. So the tool should be combined with other techniques including cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analyses.Keywords: Health care demand, Injustice in health, Health production


Identified multiple challenges. The first, is that majority of the participants of ACSC/APF did not have an understanding of sustainable development goals (SDG) nor the theme of social solidarity economy (SSE) or that of the ASEAN Community vision 2025. They had no idea of what are alternative economic systems. We found that people could identify issues & concerns but not focused on finding effective solutions. While they had a good idea of human rights violations they did not have a holistic intervention strategies especially that of SDGs & SSE as a window of involvement with their governments especially those in restrictive countries.


The influence of molecular alignment and orientation on multiphoton vibrational excitation of diatomic molecules H2, HD, and D2 is studied by an analytical algebraic approach. The explicit expressions of the time-evolution operator and the excitation probability are given. The long-time average absorbed energy spectra and the time-dependent absorbed energy are obtained. Results show that the impact of molecular orientation on the multiphoton resonant excitation is decided by the molecular type and molecular anharmonicity. This is valuable for controlling the vibrational excitation of molecules, which is relevant to the whole field of molecular physics and physical chemistry. Furthermore, good agreement with numerical simulation is achieved.


Thank you for reading deep inelastic scattering and related subjects proceedings of the international workshop. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen readings like this deep inelastic scattering and related subjects proceedings of the international workshop, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their computer.


The property rights trade is one of the important mode of the social resources disposition.The copyright trade is actually one form of the property rights trade.This paper inspects the development of the copyright trade and the Chinese publishing industry at the same time.It analyzes the quantity and quality contribution of the copyright trade to the publishers(One or many publishers,Joe?) growth,desiring to discover the internal conjunctive and developing mechanism of the publishing resource disposition and the publishing industry development.It aims at stimulating the development of the copyright industry and establishing the copyright economic formation.


In information society and business world, there are different levels of needs for information security awareness and learning, e.g. the needs for ordinary citizens, business leaders, and experts. Users of information systems – factually all members of society – should have at least basic literacy of information security. In the day-to-day business life, advanced skills of information security awareness are needed by business managers. At the expert level, the developers of technical and organizational solutions for the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) need to have a wide understanding of information security threats and opportunities and related solutions. Information security officers or managers have a key role in organizations in developing and maintaining their organizations' systematic approach of information security according to the organizations' business needs. It is essential that the learning methodologies can answer to the needs of all different actors in society. In this paper, we analyze these needs and the type and contents of learning needed and consider the development in training, education and learning from traditional approaches to new challenges.


Provided in the present utility model is a receiver-side component for use in near field communication. The receiver-side component comprises: a smart card, a first coil arranged on the smart card, and a second coil in proximity to the first coil and coupled to the first coil, where the area of the second coil is greater than the area of the first coil. Also provided in the present utility model is a receiver device comprising the receiver-side component. The device comprises a smart card slot, while the second coil is fixed onto a housing of the receiver device.


Weight loss, N and P dynamics during decomposition of fine roots (, 0.269 , 0.228 , respectively. Initial concentration of N and P in fine roots was 10.32mg/g and 0.69mg/g for alder, 6.20mg/g and 0.37mg/g for oak and 7.26mg/g and 0.44mg/g for pitch pine, respectively. Initial concentration of N and P in alder were higher than those in oak and pitch pine. After 33 months, remaining N and P in fine roots was 39.5 and 31.8 for alder, 59.4 and 57.8 for oak, 63.0 and 83.4 for pitch pine, respectively. Decomposition rate and the rate of N released from decomposing fine roots was positively correlated with the initial N concentration of the fine roots.


So often, experts tell us what to do and how to do it. But much of the time we already know what the right thing is because we feel it, we sense it.


For the gap seal hydraulic cylinder, the bionic rhombic micro-texture is constructed on the inner surface of the cylinder. The coupling effect of the surface roughness and micro-texture is studied. The equivalent flow method is used to solve the coupling effect between micro-texture and surface roughness. The results show that there is obvious coupling effect between surface roughness and micro-texture. There is the optimal combination of the rhombic micro-texture morphology and roughness on the inner surface of the cylinder, which makes the inner surface of the cylinder have the lowest friction coefficient and the best lubrication performance. This has a positive effect on the realization of energy-saving and green technology of hydraulic cylinders.


This paper presents a robust observer-based finite-time convergent guidance law to intercept maneuvering targets. To avoid the undesired chattering phenomenon existing in classical sliding mode control, the adaptive super-twisting algorithm is first introduced to design a robust guidance law to drive the line-of-sight (LOS) angular rates to a small region around the origin in finite time. The important feature of the proposed adaptation algorithm is in nonoverestimating the values of the guidance law gains, which is achieved by using a 'detector' scheme in the updating law. Moreover, with the proposed adaptive law, the presented guidance law requires no information on target maneuvers. Since the LOS angular rate is difficult for a pursuer to measure accurately for some seekers, a novel adaptive super-twisting observer is proposed to estimate it and a composite guidance law is then synthesized. Detailed finite-time stability analysis and comparison results with other guidance laws demonstrate the superiority of the proposed formulation.


Objectives Teamwork training and patient safety efforts often focus on culture change.1 Introduction to these topics early in training may contribute to changing an institution's culture. Of the few examples of undergraduate medical education patient safety courses appear in the literature, curricula involving pre-clinical students were rare2-3 and utilized primarily large lecture and small-group discussion formats.3 In contrast to patient safety for practicing providers, a major challenge in the pre-clinical years is to create the relevance needed to go beyond knowledge and attitudinal changes and achieve higher levels of Kirkpatrick's framework such as behavioral changes. To achieve this, we describe a comprehensive year-long patient safety course that incorporates adult-learning principles, including "flipped classroom" and team-based learning, as well as technology-enhanced simulations.4 Description The Tulane Interprofessional Patient Safety course (TIPS) uses a combination of teaching methods to cultivate the appropriate degree of relevance to instruct pre-clinical students in patient safety. Students (n=200) work in peer teams composed of 3 medical and 3 nursing students. Pre-session work involves online modules from the Institute for Healthcare Improvement and "flipped classroom" background materials developed specially for the course. As described in the attached table, the curriculum uses a combination of small-group discussion, team-based learning, task-oriented simulations, and mannequin simulations to deliver the patient safety content. Measurements include knowledge, attitudinal, and perception assessments (Team Performance Scale, Value of Teams, and the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale) as well as 360-degree peer evaluations, direct observation checklists using the Team Performance Observation Tool, and narrative descriptions of behaviors in conjunction with facilitated debriefing. Portions of the course (degree of team training) involved randomization. Students showed a significant increase in the attitudinal scores, perception of the value of teams as well as observed team performance during simulations. Conclusion Assess the degree to which the design objectives were achieved, accurate appraisal of limitations, discussion of next steps and future applications. Indicate how outcomes are relevant to potential benefits for healthcare simulation. Describe the contribution of the project to current knowledge, methods or technologies. This curriculum was intended to move patient safety in the pre-clinical years out of theoretical discussions and into hands-on activities more directly related to healthcare delivery. We were able to demonstrate some improvement in perceptions of teamwork and increased awareness of patient safety and clear observations of good teamwork and patient safety behaviors. However, it is not to what extent these improvements are the result of our interventions as control groups were unavailable in the majority of encounters. The extent to which students utilized teamwork training or patient safety material that were not provided by the curriculum (i.e. contamination) is another key limitation. By using various teaching methodologies and designing a curriculum that focuses on simulation scenarios, it is possible for pre-clinical students to demonstrate patient safety behaviors, in addition to increases in knowledge and attitudes. References 1. Thomas L, Galla C. Building a culture of safety through team training and engagement. BMJ Qual Saf. 2013;22(5):425-34. 2. Chakraborti C, Boonyasai RT, Wright SM, Kern DE. A systematic review of teamwork training interventions in medical student and resident education. J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23(6):846-53. 3. Nie Y, Li L, Duan Y, Chen P, Barraclough BH, Zhang M, Li J. Patient safety education for undergraduate medical students: a systematic review. BMC Med Educ. 2011;11-33. 4. Cook DA, Hatala R, Brydges R, Zendejas B, Szostek JH, Wang AT, Erwin PJ, Hamstra SJ. Technology-enhanced simulation for health professions education: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2011;306(9):978-88. Disclosures None


CT angiography (CTA) using multidetector-row CT (MDCT) is simple, low-invasive, and applicable for all arteries of the body. More than 10 years have passed since the appearance of MDCT, and CTA is now widely used for the screening and preoperative examination of the lower limb peripheral arterial field. Utilizing its high spatial resolution, CTA is capable of producing detailed 3-dimensional images, facilitating close and accurate vascular morphometry. In this chapter, the advantages, problems, and acquisition and display methods of CTA using MDCT applied for peripheral arterial diseases are explained. Automated vascular measurement at a workstation employing MDCT is also introduced.


In their letter in response to Franks et al.'s analysis of the failure of tobacco taxes to effectively reduce smoking among lower socioeconomic status smokers,1 Farrelly and Engelen assert that concerns about the regressivity of tobacco can "easily be addressed…by earmarking revenue from cigarette excise taxes to evidence based smoking cessation interventions targeted to low income populations with the highest smoking rates."2(p582)

This is a noble sentiment, but optimistic, given political reality. After a decade of more than 100 separate state increases in tobacco taxes and strong efforts by public health advocates, there have been few instances of such an earmark attached to a bill to increase taxes. Indeed, the actual record of tobacco tax increases (just as for the billions of dollars secured by the Master Settlement Agreement in 1998) is one of state governments using the funds for nearly every purpose but tobacco control, let alone cessation services for impoverished smokers.

It is well established that disparities between economic classes in regard to the prevalence of smoking have increased in the past decade, and currently, low-income smokers are twice as likely to smoke as those with high incomes.3 Data from the US Current Population Survey (1995–2002)4 on self-reported cigarettes consumed per day indicate that adult smokers with lower educational attainment also smoked more cigarettes per day and are reducing consumption more slowly than those with college degrees (Figure 1). During this period, the average price per pack more than doubled, from $1.80 in 1995 to $3.72 in 2002.5

FIGURE 1

Cigarettes per day for adult smokers 25 years and older, by educational attainment: United States, 1995-1996, 1998–1999, 2001–2002

The Center for Tobacco Free Kids, an advocate of higher tobacco taxes, estimates that only 3% of the Master Settlement Agreement and tobacco excise taxes is used for tobacco control.6 Inclusion of the additional $7 billion from the federal excise tax would diminish the proportion spent on tobacco control to 2%.6 Furthermore, only a fraction of those funds are used to assist low-income smokers to help quit smoking. For tens of millions of smokers who want to quit, poorly funded tobacco control programs offer little assistance. Unfortunately, many of these same programs advocate for tobacco taxes under the misguided notion that high prices will economically coerce poor smokers to quit. If we are to believe our own science, that smoking is addictive, we must recognize the extent to which the primary result of highly priced tobacco products further impoverish a substantial portion of low-income tobacco users. This should be as much of a concern of public health advocates as the ongoing tobacco epidemic among the lower classes.


The role of Drag Reducing Agents (DRA) at Lakehead Pipe Line (LPL) has expanded considerably in recent years. It is now a multi-purpose tool that helps manage electric power usage as well as having traditional capacity increase uses. Indeed, DRA is now an important part of operating the LPL system.This paper examines the multiple uses of DRA as used by LPL. It also describes the structure of the DRA program within the company and provides a summary of "lessons learned" since the DRA program started at LPL in 1991. This information should be useful for anyone who is considering implementing a DRA program.Copyright © 1996 by ASME


In most countries of the world, infectious diseases of bees are an important problem for beekeeping, as they lead to a decrease and decrease in the number of bee colonies, a negative impact on the environment, a decrease in the yield of entomophilic crops and the overall productivity of the industry as a whole. According to data from statistical reporting and scientific publications, American and European flocks, ascospheros are registered in apiaries almost all over the world: in Western and Eastern Europe, North and Central America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, Africa, in the CIS countries. The change in the epizootic situation in bee-keeping is associated with the widespread spread of the varioise invasion, which causes a steady increase in the incidence of bee infestation by infectious diseases, so the effect of this invasion on the intensity of the epizootic process requires constant monitoring research. Among the topical tasks of the veterinary support of the beekeeping industry in the improvement of the system of antiepizootic measures, the differential diagnosis of infectious diseases of the breeding pedigree in the mixed forms of their manifestation was very important. The difficulty in making the correct diagnosis in mixed forms of the course of infectious diseases leads to inadequate and untimely conduct of treatment and preventive measures, and as a consequence, to the weakening and death of bees. In this regard, the development of an epizootiological monitoring system aimed at recording and evaluating changes in the epizootic state of apiaries, the identification of sources and reservoirs of pathogens, the motive forces of the epizootic process and the forms of the disease, and the organization of a system of effective preventive, medical and veterinary-sanitary measures on the apiaries. In the period of economic transformations in the agrarian-industrial complex there was a lack of breeding of beekeeping farms and apiaries, a system of management of the industry and a form of ownership changed, all this created a qualitatively new environment of the bee colony and contributed to the evolution of the epizootic process in infectious diseases – the development of mixed infections. In connection with this, there was a need to improve the system of epidemiological surveillance in beekeepers and to introduce a more effective comprehensive system of measures for the prevention and control of infectious diseases of the breeding bee, in particular, American rot, varrosis and other contagious diseases of bees.


Many ports and marinas contain exotic ascidians, ostensibly because they offer adequate physical habitat and harbour many boats or ships, which are considered important vectors of exotic ascidians. Standardized quantitative sampling of these habitats would be useful to assess exotic ascidian presence and abundance, as well as for more detailed ecological studies. In this paper two methods for sampling exotic ascidians are compared using data from nine marinas along the Olympic Peninsula and Upper Puget Sound, Washington, U.S.A. One method is considerably less expensive, drier and easier: it consists of laying a simple grid over the side of the floating dock from the surface, with species identity and abundance being measured on the spot. The other method involves swimming underneath marina floating docks, taking standardized digital photographs and analyzing the photographs later. Differences between these two methods might be expected because the environment sampled, the underneath versus the sides of floating docks, is slightly different, especially with respect to light. However, this study finds that both methods observed almost identical presence/absence patterns for exotic ascidians and, at least for the two most common exotics Botrylloides violaceus and Diplosoma listerianum, observed similar abundance trends across sites. Further analyses show that, while there are differences in the overall communities observed by the two methods, community patterns are correlated. Overall, this study finds that the easier surveys of the sides of floating docks are as effective for rapid assessment of exotic species presence/absence and relative abundance as those of the undersides of floating docks.


The author presents the inference on the results of university efficiency monitoring with concrete questions raised by introduction of the new indicator «Employment of graduates». The author emphasizes the importance of innovation and draws attention to the creation of objective criteria for assessing this parameter.


A specific goal of safety is to reduce the number of injuries that may result from the collision of two trains. In Volume II, an analytical model in two dimensions, longitudinal and vertical, of the primary collision of two impacting urban railcar consists is formulated. This model includes the formulation of the leading cars developed in Part 1 of this program, and the distribution of mass and nonlinear force-deformation relationships existing among major structural sub-assemblages. This model also is capable of determining the extent of crushing and/or override suffered by the individual cars in the consists, as well as the time histories of displacement, velocity, and acceleration in both the longitudinal and vertical directions. Methods are developed for generating the dynamic force-deformation relationships for structural sub-assemblages comprising the critical modules of railcars. These methods include finite-element analysis, scale modeling, and full-scale testing procedures including specifications for required testing equipment and instrumentation.


Power electronics based power systems are being increasingly used in the transportation systems such as land, sea/undersea, air, and space vehicles due to their advantages in efficiency, performance, flexibility, and power density. In order to have superior performance, the rectifier-converter systems need to be rigorously regulated. The DC power supply is an important aspect for the automotive industries because of its use for a wide range of loads and is mandatory for charging the battery. However, DC power supplies experience many problems such as poor power factor, high input current harmonics distortion and un-controlled DC voltage. In this paper, an integrated control scheme is proposed for regulated DC power supply with high power quality for automotive applications. The proposed control scheme consists of two nested loops with a feedback of DC voltage and input current and a feed forward of the output power supply. An improved input power factor correction with a low input current total harmonics distortion has been used to model the power system using a combined control system. The proposed control scheme achieves nearly unity power factor with a minimum input current total harmonics distortion and able to supply regulated DC voltage with high power quality.


views on the election in Bone Bolango Regency. Abstract This study is aimed at analyzing the difference in political participation of inland communities and coastal communities in addressing local elections as an embodiment of synergy in combating Covid-19 and money politics. In this qualitative research, the data were analyzed using an interactive model comprising three analysis components: (1) data reduction, (2) data display, and (3) data verification and conclusion drawing. According to the results, the way the coastal communities respond to the local election differs from that of the inland communities regarding sociological perspective. The coastal communities are not so keen on the election as they concentrate more on their fishing activities. On top of that, people in coastal areas spend most of their time at sea; thus, issues regarding the election are not that impactful for them. The inland communities, on the other hand, has different views thanks to their gregarious characteristic. All their activities and work-life are centralized in a workgroup, enabling the people to have ample time to find out their local leader candidates. This aspect underlines the reason for pluralism among inland communities' political views, confirming the characteristic of individualism among people in coastal areas.


Here we report a study of the optical luminescent properties for a variety of vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV)-irradiated cosmic ice analogs and the complex organic residues produced. Detailed results are presented for the irradiated, mixed molecular ice: H2O : CH3OH : NH3 : CO (100 : 50 : 1 : 1), a realistic representation for an interstellar/precometary ice that reproduces all the salient infrared spectral features associated with interstellar ices. The irradiated ices and the room-temperature residues resulting from this energetic processing have remarkable photoluminescent properties in the visible (520-570 nm). The luminescence dependence on temperature, thermal cycling, and VUV exposure is described. It is suggested that this type of luminescent behavior might be applicable to solar system and interstellar observations and processes for various astronomical objects with an ice heritage. Some examples include grain temperature determination and vaporization rates, nebula radiation balance, albedo values, color analysis, and biomarker identification.


As a key control component in water hydraulic system,water hydraulic control valve is a vital part in study of water hydraulic technology.Some main types of domestic and overseas water hydraulic control valve products as well as their performance were introduced,some typical structures and characteristics were analyzed,main engineering materials currently used in water hydraulic control valve were summarized,and its development and application prospects were predicted.


Vibratory machinery is frequently utilized in the discipline of civil engineering,whereas the vibration stems from the vibratory mechanism.In regard with the working principle,the vibratory mechanisms are systematically categorized.In addition,its evolution and application are further pinpointed.Based on these notions,the future directions are further speculated in this arena.Therefore,this approach paves a new venue for research,design and selection on vibratory mechanisms.


MFS is a program development system based on rewriting techniques. The language provided by MFS, which called MFSL, is a mixed language that combines enhanced functional language and algebraic speci-fication language. Optimal rules in MFSL can improve efficiency and satisfy specific requirements. Both the type system in MFSL and the mechanism of proving and testing in MFS can help the programmers to find problems early and can improve the correctness of program. The efficiency of the implementation of the system developed by MFS is high due to the techniques used by MFS such as needed parallel outermost reduction strategy, graph reduction and witnessed test set approach. Higher efficiency and correctness of program can be developed by MFS in a shorter period.


The invention provides an azimuthal anisotropy difference fracture prediction method for offshore narrow azimuth data. The method comprises the steps of designing a rock physical model-based azimuthal anisotropy forward model based on well logging data to acquire a forward well by-pass superposition trace gather at different fracture densities; calculating the seismic attribute based on the forward well by-pass superposition trace gather to acquire a relation chart between the attribute abnormal degree and the fracture strike; based on the relation chart, acquiring the fracture azimuth range that can be detected; dividing the azimuth angles of seismic data before the superposition process to acquire the data body of attribute difference absolute value; comparing the data body of attribute difference absolute value with a reservoir stratum above the well to acquire the fracture density; and analyzing the fracture development characteristics based on the fracture azimuth range that can be detected and the fracture density. According to the technical scheme of the invention, in the narrow-azimuth seismic acquisition condition, the fracture prediction is enabled based on the azimuthal attribute difference. The fracture development degree can be effectively detected within the partial angle coverage range. Therefore, the limitation caused by the data wide-azimuth acquisition requirements in the conventional method can be effectively compensated.


Includes short description of the opera, biography of the composer, description of the original premiere and description of the current staging.


This article reports a limited experiment in journal cocitation mapping, using the newly available online access to gather cocitations to a set of economics journals. the research is exploratory and descriptive -essentially a feasibility study. The goal is to test the extent to which cocitation analysis as this level of litterature aggregation, can yield coherent and interpretable results.


Hydrogengas,whichisproduced during fermentation inthehumancolon, iseither excreted inbreath ormetabolised bygut bacteria through avariety ofpathways. These may include methanogenesis, dissimilatory sulphate reduction, andacetogenesis. To determine whichofthese routes predominates inthelarge intestine, stools weretaken from30 healthy subjects andincubated as5% (w/v) slurries withLintner's starch. In23of30 subjects, methane production wasthemain method ofhydrogen disposal. Intheremaining seven, highrates ofsulphate reduction were recorded together withraised production of H2S.Allsamples showed relatively lowrates of hydrogen evolution andofacetate formation fromCO2andH2.Sulphate reduction and methanogenesis seemtobemutualiy exclusive inthecolonandthisisprobably linked to sulphate availability. Sulphate reduction, methanogenesis, and acetogenesis were strongly influenced bypH.Sulphate reduction wasoptimal atalkaline pH values whereas methane production wasmaximal ataneutral pH andacetogenesis favoured acidic conditions. FaecalH2Svalues wererelated to carriage ofsulphate reducing bacteria. These datashowthatanumberofcompeting pathwaysforhydrogen disposal arepossible inthe large gutandthat avariety offactors suchas colonic pH andsulphate availability can determine whichof thesemechanisms predominates.


Ship to shore cable winch is a new type of deck machinery. It can be used to make the use and storage of cable easier and to improve the using security of cable. According to the requirements and using conditions, the ring material of maintenance-free brush-slip is selected. For the electric insulation requirements, hydrophobic way is used to solve the problem of condensation water in the sealing rotary drum. The new type of the cable winch which is introduced in this paper is approved by the practice.


The physics of magnetically closed and open structures in the solar corona is quite diierent. This applies in particular to the energy balance and possible heating mechanisms. In magnetically closed regions, footpoint motions can easily build up stress in the magnetic eld, while in open regions perturbations tend to escape with the high Alfv en speed. This makes diierent dissipation mechanisms likely. The emphasis of this section lies on recent progress in our understanding of the magnetically open corona, which manifests itself most prominently in coronal holes, although open regions exist also in the so-called quiet corona. Observational aspects Coronal holes are not homogeneous, but structured on various scales. Spicules reach larger heights, and macrospicules are more frequent than outside of coronal holes, probably since the essentially vertical magnetic elds in coronal holes permit these jet-like phenomena to ascend higher (Jo-hannesson and Zirin 1996). Polar plumes are well-known ray-like density enhancements that could recently be traced out to heliocentric heights of 5 R in images taken with the white-light coronagraph aboard the Spartan 201 spacecraft (Fisher and Guhathakurta 1995). The angular half-width was found to be constant with height; it corresponds roughly to the supergranular scale at the solar surface. On the basis of radio ranging measurements obtained during the 1991 solar conjunction of Ulysses, Woo (1996) showed that such structures exist also in equatorial coronal holes (see also Wang and Sheeley 1995a) and extend out to at least 42 R. In situ spacecraft measurements found possible signatures of these structures out to 0.5 AU in the ecliptic plane. One of the most unexpected observational results during the reporting period is evidence that protons in the inner corona may be much hotter than previously thought. This was suggested by measurements of Hi Ly line prooles above the solar limb with the Ultraviolet Coronal Spectrometer on Spartan 201 (Kohl et al. 1995, 1996). The prooles cannot be represented by a single Gaussian function, but rather by two Gaussians, of which the broader component has a width of about 300 km s ?1 , corresponding to roughly 5 10 6 K if interpreted as temperature. This is much higher than the electron temperature, which is of the order of 1 10 6 K (Habbal et al. 1993). It is not clear if the enhanced line wings really necessitate such hot plasma along the line of sight. If so, this would point to …


equalization payments and their importance, unemployment insurance spending and recent attempts to reduce its "regional component," and federal regional development efforts. Bruce Doern and Brian Tomlin describe the failure to get a deal on a subsidies code in negotiating the Free Trade Agreement and the many dangers awaiting Canada if or when one is negotiated in the 1990s. They discuss the differing national proposals, the US contention that only Canada subsidizes its exports and the fact that a Free Trade Agreement was only possible when the subsidies issue was put aside. They also suggest that the acceptability of generally available subsidies may give new life to supporters of universality in social programmes. The article by Susan Phillips offers an interesting discussion of the consultation process between government and interest groups. She describes the growth of rights-based groups that believe that they are entitled to be heard and often act as if they owned that right. She also discusses the problems inherent in what constitutes consultation and the emerging problems associated with the funding of groups. Daiva Stasiulis examines a number of aspects of the Conservative government's policies with regard to visible minorities, including its emphasis on economic development and immigration, employment equity and multiculturalism. Michael Prince reviews Conservative pension policies since 1984. Finally, Les Pal makes the argument that the abortion issue, which seemed to be quite unique in the early 1980s, has now been joined by other issues in national politics since the failure of the Meech Lake Accord. The "post-Meech syndrome" saw an increasing number of issues characterized by a similar all-or-nothing politics much like that of the recent politics of abortion. This is an excellent volume but it does raise one concern for this reviewer. A good number of the studies are less concerned with "how Ottawa spends" than they are with describing a particular area of federal policy-making. It may be time for the editors to decide what the real purpose of this volume is and to stick with their decision.


The Belt and Road Initiative, formerly known as the "New Silk Road" is a central part of the People's Republic of China (PRC)'s 13th 5-year plan, an ambitious program of infrastructure project finance in 65 countries, to the tune of 1 Trillion USD invested over 20 years. Geo-politically, this might be the most important global governance initiative since the end of the first cold war. But what does it mean for law? Surely it is an exemplar of entangled legalities. It means very different things to the investment protection lawyer at MOFCOM in Beijing, the public procurement regulator in Greece, the (insert big-law firm name) Associate or Partner in Kazakhstan, or insurgents in Balochistan (Pakistan), and Judges in constitutional courts and indeed the European Court of Human Rights. This paper argues that structures of practice as well as cognitive limitations and sociological factors keep law's engagement with complexity enmeshed but separate, along the lines of (most obviously) national law, but more so along the lines of policy-issues and the object-oriented nature of distinct legal fields. This short paper will narrate – hypothetically, though firmly based in reality – different views of actors engaging with the Belt and Road Initiative, to demonstrate the parallel phenomena of separateness and entangledness, and also demonstrate the inevitable interdependence of entangled legal strands, looking at the case of the Belgrade-Budapest rail modernization project. In addition, it will emphasize the close connection between legal entanglement and empire.


Title Studies on nuclear receptors in reptiles with temperature-dependent sex determination [an abstract of dissertation and a summary of dissertation review] Author(s) 岡, 香織 Issue Date 2015-03-25 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/58795 Rights(URL) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.1/jp/ Type theses (doctoral abstract and summary of review) Additional Information There are other files related to this item in HUSCAP. Check the above URL. File Information Kaori_Oka_review.pdf (審査の要旨)


These words describe Omnipresence, one in a series of videotaped surgical performances entitled The Reincarnation of Saint Orlan.2 The artist is Orlan. Her response to the question about pain-"The initial injection hurts. After that the painful part is lying on an operating table for 6 hours"-is one of many she will give to phoned and faxed inquiries during the course of this performed surgery.


The technology of organization of physical activity of students with respiratory diseases in special medical branch, constructed on use of high intensive exercises in a complex with healthpreservation means is described. The technology provides not only recovery of student health, but also an increase of their physical readiness and work capacity that has great value at mastering by students of the basic professional program.


This paper is a research of deconstructivism features in Ukrainian design within 2010 — 2021, the main artistic-compositional and expressive means of deconstruction in Ukrainian fashion are traced, the peculiarities of their interpretation and characteristic combinations of features are analyzed. The main manifestations of deconstructivism in modern Ukrainian design are systematized and generalized on the basis of visual research, using the analytical method and the method of comparative historical analysis. To highlight the specific features of fashion deconstruction in Ukraine in the general context of the phenomenon, a structural-functional method is used. An analysis of clothing collections of the last decade has proved that Ukrainian design often shows such signs of deconstructivism as operating with artistic techniques and symbols of other arts and eras, emphasizing individual elements and their combinations, deliberate exaggeration, using the principle of asymmetry in clothing constructing (asymmetry of sewing or decor), dynamic, contrast and chaotic clothing designs, departure from the classic rules of construction of clothing — moving elements, replacing them, seeming illogicality. It is argued and shown on specific examples that Ukrainian designers follow limit color and textures — natural colors for shaping, less often use accent color mix. Typical means of decoration in terms of deconstruction, such as technological imperfections, cuts, holes, unobstructed edges of products, specifics of the use of non-textile materials are illustrated. The peculiarities of deconstruction manifestations in Ukrainian clothing design and characteristic combinations of features in the work of such clothing brands as Elena Burenina, Dzhus, Ostel, Balossa, Juliya Kros, Vozianiv and others are analyzed. Scientific novelty lies in systematic research of the main features of deconstruction of Ukrainian design at the beginning of the 21st century, outlines the boundaries of the phenomenon to define in modern Ukrainian fashion. The results of the study can be used by designers to create fashion products, as well as by researchers for an in-depth study of the phenomenon of reconstruction.


Background: Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are considered common complications after major trauma. Their incidence and the associated risk factors have rarely been identified in injured children. Methods: Severely injured children (age <18 years; admitted in a pediatric intensive care unit or length of stay ≧72 h) with a discharge diagnosis of venous thromboembolism (VTE; deep venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism) were identified from the institutional trauma registry between January 1, 1999 and April 31, 2002. The study centers included a dedicated pediatric trauma center and an adult trauma center with pediatric patients. Risk factors for VTE were identified using multivariate analysis. Results: VTE was found in 11 of the 3,291 admissions, for a rate of 3.3/1,000 admissions. Children with VTE were older and had higher Injury Severity Scores. Independent risk factors for VTE included thoracic injuries [odds ratio (OR): 6.9; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4–35.1] and spinal injuries (OR: 37.4; 95% CI: 3.5–396.7). The greatest risk of VTE was in children with central venous catheters (OR: 64.0; 95% CI: 16.8–243.9). Conclusion: Older children with high Injury Severity Scores, thoracic injuries, spinal injuries or venous catheters are at risk for VTE. Because VTE prophylaxis, screening and treatment are associated with complications and costs, it is essential to identify subgroups of pediatric patients in whom these strategies might be studied.


The article describes a method combining two widely-used empirical approaches to learning from examples: rule induction and instance-based learning. In our algorithm (RIONA) decision is predicted n...


This paper discusses the impendency,necessary of working out the Overall Technical Specification about Manufacture Information Engineering,bringing forward the design and some simple advices of the system frame.The paper also expounds that Manufacture Information Engineering must face markets and keep innovation to advance competitiveness based on Information Standard and Technical Specification.It defines Standard and Technical Specification and points out some instances and methods about formulating Technical Specification.At last,this paper puts forwards the composing of the system frame,se ̄veral important principles and basic judging guideline of overall technical specification.


We study some quadratic algebras related to quantized matrix algebras. Our point of view is that of non-commutative algebraic geometry 1].


This chapter contains sections titled: Background and Spirit of Freedom of Expression, The Freedoms Protected, Freedom of Expression Challenges in the Information Society, Principles and Possible Actions for Effective Implementation of Freedom of Expression in the Information Society, Notes, References, European Court of Human Rights, Other Courts


The structure changes and their effect on superconducting phase transitions in the process of the phase transitions in InSb films condensed at low temperature are studied. A series of new results are found through the experiment of X-ray diffraction. The conductivity and corresponding T, are explained in this article. It is shown that the second peak of eleetroconductance is caused by layers conducting mechanism of hexagonal (InSb)H.


6526Background: Limited data exists regarding how pre-diagnosis self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and mood disorders may impact treatment decisions for DCIS. Methods: We used the...


In this paper, we present area-time efficient reconfigurable architectures for the implementation of the integer discrete cosine transform (DCT), which supports all the transform lengths to be used in High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). We propose three 1D reconfigurable architectures that can be configured for the computation of the DCT of any of the prescribed lengths such as 4, 8, 16, and 32. It is shown that matrix multiplication schemes involving fewer adders can be used to derive parallel architectures for 1D integer DCT of different lengths. A novel transposition buffer is designed to be used for the proposed 2D DCT architecture, which offers double the throughput without increasing the size of the transposition buffer. We determine the optimal pipeline locations in the proposed design through the precise estimation of propagation delays and the critical path so that the area-delay-product is optimized and all the output samples are obtained in the same cycle in spite of the recursive nature of the structure. Implementation results show that the proposed 2D integer DCT architectures provide significantly higher throughput per unit area than the existing designs for HEVC.


This paper provides a synopsis of the findings of a national survey of headteachers conducted in 1999 by means of a self-completion postal questionnaire. The survey sought to establish the perceptions of English headteachers with regard to their state of readiness on taking up the role. Where respondents reported themselves as well prepared or extremely well prepared for aspects of their role, they were asked to attribute their perceived state of readiness to training, experience, or a combination of the two. In addition, respondents were asked to complete open-ended questions that asked them to identify activities and support that would help the induction of newly appointed headteachers working in the special-education sector. Analysis of all responses reveals that the majority of headteachers (57 percent) perceived themselves to be either well prepared or extremely well prepared. The influence of training was deemed to be minimal by respondents in all categories. Most surprising was that headteachers did not perceive themselves to be well prepared in applying law to specific situations. (Contains 7 references.) (DFR) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. 0 0 American Education Research Association New Orleans, Louisiana April, 2000 The effects of pre-service training and experience on preparation for the principalship in England. Trevor Male International Educational Leadership Centre University of Lincolnshire and Humberside, ENGLAND. Marianne Hvizdak Department of Educational Administration University of Texas (El Paso). Correspondence: Trevor Male International Educational Leadership Centre, University of Lincolnshire and Humberside, Brayford Pool, Lincoln. LN6 7TS ENGLAND Telephone: Facsimile: Email: +44 1522 886346 +44 1522 886023 email@example.com PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


Background. Junction fires occur when two fire fronts merge. The rate of spread (ROS) and heat release rate (HRR) of the junction increase more quickly than that of each fire front, this effect exacerbated by slopes. Aims. Numerical modelling of junction fires and an interpretation of their behaviour are given examining the key influencing factors. Methods. Twenty physics-based simulations of laboratory-scale junction fires were performed for a shrub fuel bed using FIRESTAR3D, varying slope (0°–40°) and junction angles (15°–90°). Key results. Accelerative and decelerative behaviours were observed for junction angles lower than 45°, but above this, deceleration was absent. The behaviour was firmly related to junction angle evolution, which controlled the flame and interactions between fire fronts. HRR followed similar trends; maximum HRR increased with increasing junction angle. Convection was the primary heat transfer mode in the initial propagation phase. In no-slope cases, radiation was the dominant method of heat transfer, but convection dominated fires on slopes. Conclusions. The physics-based model provided great insight into junction fire behaviour. The junction angle was critical for determining ROS and fire behaviour. Implications. The research helped to assess the effects of some topographical parameters in extreme fires. Situational awareness, operational predictions and firefighter safety will consequently improve.


The transportation and logistics sector in Indonesia during the pandemic was a sector that was negatively affected. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the implementation of the Altman Z-Score method during the Covid-19 pandemic in the transportation and logistics sector. The sample in this study was taken by purposive sampling method, where the selected sample was 18 companies. The data were analyzed by quantitative descriptive analysis with the data sources in the research in the form of literature studies and documentation. The results of this study can be seen that as many as 9 companies in 2018 were in a state of bankruptcy, in 2019 as many as 8 companies were in a state of bankruptcy and in 2020 as many as 10 companies were in a state of bankruptcy based on the criteria of the Altman Z-Score. However, companies that are in a bankrupt position can survive because of the strategy the company does every year.