Purpose: To examine ethnic differences in ratings of 1) condition severity, 2) need for medical assistance, and 3) likelihood of hiring a Healthcare Advocate (HCA) for an ill, elderly parent as a function of 1) parent's cognitive state (Alzheimer's disease [AD] or cognitively healthy), 2) parent's physical malady (hip fracture or heart attack), and 3) distance (near or far from the parent), with an emphasis on the interaction between ethnicity and cognitive state. Method: Nine-hundred-seventy-four individuals who identified as White, Black, Hispanic, or Asian/Pacific Islander read a hypothetical vignette about an older man. The man's physical malady (heart attack or hip fracture), cognitive state (AD or no AD), and physical distance from a close family member were manipulated in the vignette. Participants rated the severity of the medical condition and their likelihood of hiring an HCA. Results: Black and Asian/Pacific Islander participants did not differ from White participants on any outcomes. Unlike White participants, Hispanic participants did not rate the older man's condition as more severe and were not more likely to seek assistance when he had AD than when he was cognitively healthy. Conclusion: Ethnic differences in perceptions of AD may be less extensive than previously thought. The medical severity of AD did not appear to be recognized among the Hispanic participants in our sample, suggesting that culturallysensitive AD education may be particularly important in this subgroup.


We have studied time series of a grout technology in making beer wort on the basis of grout temperature time series, using non-linear dynamics methods. We have developed algorithms for studying complex dynamic management systems as well as reconstructed attractors due to historical data on a brewing unit operation. Ultimately, we have estimated the Hurst index, the fractal volume, the delay time, the maximum phase space, and the correlation format. Our analysis of the indices has determined that the technological process of making beer wort has a complex non-linear behavior. This requires adequate methods and systems of synergetic management, which would be compatible with the physical nature of the object. This approach allows using natural mechanisms of the beer wort technology at full capacity, which saves energy and expenses.


In order to break through the macroscopically physical limitation of the traditional mechanical-electrical effect, provide the theory, process and experimental references for the design of higher sensitivity, lower power consumption pressure sensor, a GaAs Pressure sensor based on resonant tunneling diodes (AlAs/In_xGa_ 1-x As/GaAs RTD) is designed and processed by the control hole technology firstly, and the process integration of RTD and micro-mechanical technology is implemented. The test results show that the linear sensitivity is up to 0.1 mV/kPa.


Summary form only given. Microscopic expressions for the energy relaxation rate and the momentum relaxation rate in a dense two-temperature plasma have been obtained. These expressions are of the Kogan (1963) type, and can be derived in the lowest approximation using the Fermi golden rule, and in higher order using nonequilibrium Green function methods. The expressions contain the true electron-ion coupling constant, the electron response function, and the ion response function at their respective temperatures and densities. Calculations for the energy relaxation rate from the hot electrons to the cold ions in aluminum plasmas, in molten Si, and in molten C of the sort generated in pulsed laser experiments have been performed.


EC-895; This circular deals with
the concept of time and how it effects the "bottom line" of your farm or ranch operation. Five economic concepts related to time are discussed


The principal factors affecting the grading process for the recrystallization of RDX from acetone are given through the orthogonal test. According to the grading standard of 4 grades product, the grading process condition of product grain is determined. The oversaturated state of solution, kind and evaporation rate of solvent affecting crystallization process are described. The grading process condition of 1~8 grades RRX are analyzed and determined, and the test is optimized. The results indicate that the recrystallization process of RDX from acetone is satisfied for the produce of RDX with different grain size.


In this paper, we consider ring embedding problem on (n,k)-star graphs. We first present a new ring embedding strategy and also prove the superiority in expandability by showing its application into the fault-tolerant ring embedding problem with edge faults. This result can be applied to the multicating applications that use the underlying cycle properties on the multi-computer system.


Abstract : The formal proceedings of an n-person cooperative game can be modelled as a multi-stage negotiation process. At each stage, coalitions may object to the proposal at hand. If a particular objection is given recognition, then the non-objecting players respond to that objection in such a manner that a new proposal results from the objection and response. An equilibrium collection of strategies in this negotiation game may be viewed as a 'standard of behavior' to which no nonconformist pressures exist. This paper explores the relationship between the set of proposals to which no objections are made in such an equilibrium collection, and the von Neumann-Morgenstern stable sets of the original game.


Factors in Childhood that Contribute to the Development of Resiliency: An Exploratory Study of Adult Female Somalian Refugees Joyce L. Arends May,2001 The rural area of Minnesota has an increasing population due to the arrival of Somalian refugees. The Somali families have relocated to Minnesota as a result of a civil war in their country. This exploratory study examined what factors in childhood contributed to the development of resiliency in adult, female, Somalian refugees. Somali people are now focusing on resettlement and survival in the United States. The tasks they face are finding adequate, affordable housing, overcoming 1088 and isolation, coping with cultural adjustment and learning English. There were 5 participants in the study, ranging in age from the low-20's to the mid-60's. The study revealed that most Somalis have strong family ties, which provide stability in times of need. The findings also revealed that the psychological outcomes of the refugees' adaptation to their new home depend on several factors including family and social supports and inner strengths. Religious and family activities are an important part of Somali culture. All of the study participants appeared to possess some problem solving skills. Implications for social work practice focus on the value of identifying and enhancing resiliency factors SO that individuals, family and society may benefit. Additional training is needed in the field of social work to further understand refugee issues, policy, cultural considerations, and issues of grief and 1088. This study expands the scope of social sciences by addressing the lack of research about refugee families. TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication Acknowledgements Abstract Chapter


The present invention relates to a modified butyl rubber composition, comprising at normal temperature by reacting a compound (a) in the presence of a stable free radical nitroxide oxygen, a radical initiator (b) in the molecule and di- or polyfunctional radical polymerizable monomer (c) a modified butyl rubber obtained by reacting; or relates to a modified butyl rubber composition, comprising by having at ordinary temperature in the molecule stable in the presence of oxygen nitroxide free radical compound (a) and radical initiator (b) the modified butyl rubber obtained by reacting and radical polymerizable di- or polyfunctional monomer mix modified butyl rubber obtained in.


The study examined the effect of employee participation and determination of minimum wage among selected primary schools in Osogbo, Osun State Nigeria. Descriptive survey research designs were adopted for the study. The population of the study was 145 staff of the selected primary schools while taro yamane formula was used to determine 106 as the sample size. Questionnaire was used to elicit information from the respondents and single linear regression was used to analyze the collected data with the help of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The findings of the study revealed that (i) The correlation coefficient (R) equals [r (98)=.43**, p<.01], indicates that the hypothesis two was not statistically supported by the result of the studies. (ii) The result showed further that age (β =.21, t=4.26, P<.01; Educational status (β =.15, t=3.64, P<.01), length of service (β =.19, t=4.03, P<.01) and job status (β =.22, t=4.63, P<.01) showed significantly independent prediction of minimum wage and employee participation among staff of selected primary schools. However, the result revealed that gender (β =.02, t=.04, p<.05) and marital status (β =.03, t=.06, p<.05), did not show significantly independent prediction of minimum wage and employee participation. The study concluded that workers participation has negative effect on employees' job satisfaction, productivity, commitment, which can create comparative advantage for an organization. The study recommends that having established a gap currently existing on employee participation and minimum wage, it helps in motivating employers and employees at different sectors to encourage a proper minimum wage scale.


Precision cancer medicine (PCM) aims at identifying tumor‐driving molecular characteristics to improve therapy. Despite early successes for some cancers, the approach faces manifold challenges. Patients undergoing extensive molecular diagnostics (MD) may hope for personal benefit, although chances are small. In order to offer suitable support to this group, health‐care professionals need to gain insight into patients' experience. Thus, this study sought to explore the expectations of cancer patients undergoing MD of their tumor.


The architectural heritage of the city of Barcelona in its older neighbourhoods of historic importance consists largely of buildings whose roof is formed by the Catalan vault. This roof type consists of vaults built in ceramic blocks, supported by unidirectional beams, wherein the space between the vaults and the upper floor is filled with ceramic material and/or construction waste. Over time, these structures presented problems of thermal and acoustic insulation, as well as of load distribution, causing the detachment of the upper floor tiles in buildings with multiple floors. In order to solve this problem, a lightweight self-compacting concrete reinforced with plastic fibres was developed to replace the existing lightweight material. The objective of this paper is to present the experimental results obtained during the pumping of the lightweight aggregate concrete produced. Expanded clay in the dry condition was used. A density close to 1,600 kg/m3 was achieved, as well as a compressive strength higher than 17 MPa at 28 days. Details of the application of this material in the rehabilitation of the historic building dating from 1905, the Gaudi House Museum in Barcelona, which was the residence of the architect Antoni Gaudi during 1906-1925, is also given.


1. Conventionally replication deficient cytomegalovirus (CMV), comprising: (a) gH-pentamer complex consisting of UL128, UL130, UL131, gH and gL; and (b) a nucleic acid encoding the fusion protein of the desired protein and destabilizing protein wherein the desired protein is selected from the group consisting of IE1 / 2, UL51, UL52, UL79 and UL84.2. Conditionally defective CMV replication according to claim 1, wherein destabilizing the protein is either FKBP, or derivative FKBP, wherein the derivative of FKBP is FKBP, containing one or more amino acid substitutions selected from the group consisting of:. F15S, V24A, H25R, F36V , E60G, M66T, R71G, D100G, D100N, E102G, K105I and L106P.3. Conditionally replication-defective CMV claim. 2, wherein the derivative is an FKBP FKBP, containing amino acid substitutions and F36V L106P.4. Conditionally defective CMV replication according to any one of claims. 1-3, where the desired protein is an IE1 / 2 or UL51.5. Conditionally defective CMV replication according to any one of claims. 1-3, which contains CMV nucleic acid encoding at least two fusion proteins, wherein the proteins are required in each of the fusion proteins are razlichnymi.6. Conditionally replication-defective CMV claim. 5, wherein one of the fusion proteins contains IE1 / or 2 or wherein CMV UL51 comprises a first fusion protein comprising IE1 / 2 and a second fusion protein comprising UL51.7. . Conditionally defective CMV replication according to claim 6, wherein (a) the first fusion protein is SEQ ID NO: 1 or an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 1; and (b) second fusion protein is SEQ ID NO: 3 or an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 3.8. Conditionally defective CMV replication according to claim 7, wherein (a) the first fusion protein is encoded by SEQ ID NO:. 2 or a nucleic sour


Software-Practice and Experience, vol. 20, No. 5, May 1990, "Collaboration Using Roles', M. Bishop, pp., 485-495. Communications Networks, London UK, Sep. 1975, "Maximizing System Performance by Optimizing Scheduling and Accounting Algorithms', I. A. New man et al., pp. 549-565. K. Shimizu et al., "Hierarchical Object Groups in Dis tributed Operating Systems', 8th International Confer ence on Distributed Computing Systems, IEEE, cat. #88CH2541-1 Jun. 1988, pp. 18-24. M. G. Fugini et al., "An Extension to UNIX Protection Mechanisms to Support Flexible Resource Sharing and Discretionary Authorization', University of Brescia 73 Assignee: US005421011A


This paper examines oversight issues that underlie the potential growth and risks in mobile payments. International experience suggests that financial authorities can develop effective oversight frameworks for new payment methods to safeguard public confidence and financial stability by establishing: (i) a clear legal regime; (ii) proportionate AML/CFT measures to prevent financial integrity risks; (iii) fund safeguarding measures such as insurance, similar guarantee schemes, or "pass through" deposit insurance; (iv) contingency plans for operational disruptions; and (v) risk controls and access criteria in payment systems. Such measures are particularly important for low-income countries where diffusion is becoming more widespread.


We analytically show how an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)--like spectral response is attained by using spoof surface plasmons. We propose prism-coupled double-layer slit arrays to achieve this. The reflection spectrum from this system has a nonabsorbing window between the symmetric and antisymmetric spoof surface plasmon resonances due to the destructive interference of the spoof surface plasmons on over- and under-layer slit arrays. The optical pulse is significantly delayed inside this nonabsorbing window as it is in other EIT systems. Through the formal equivalence between the coupled spoof surface plasmons on slit arrays and the coupled whispering gallery modes inside the microspheres, the relation between our system and the coupled resonator induced transparency (CRIT) system is clarified.


FIELD: electricity. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electric engineering, namely to self-contained power supply systems of space vehicles using solar panels as initial power sources, and batteries as energy accumulators. The load method of supply by direct current in the self-contained power supply system of space vehicle means that voltage stabilizer, charger and discharge device are controlled depending on input and output voltage of the power supply system. At that using the measuring shunts the load current and charge-discharge current of the batteries are monitored. Besides, output voltage of the power supply system is monitored using the threshold sensors, and intermittent load is disconnected upon achievement of the threshold values of the output voltage. Additionally dynamic of the transient processes is monitored in relation to change of the output voltage and load current with time using the quick-response memory units, that are switched on upon achievement of the threshold values of the output voltage. Re-switching on of the intermittent load is made after results analysis of the memorized dynamic of the transient processes. EFFECT: increased operation reliability of the space vehicle in case of accidents linked with off-design decreasing or increasing pf the output voltage of the power supply system. 2 cl, 1 dwg


Informed discussions of whether charter schools are successful include considerations of student differences between different schools. We address "selection bias," "attrition bias" and the like because measured outcomes are undoubtedly affected by inputs. Charter schools tend to have fewer students with disabilities, fewer English learners, and a less poor population of students than their surrounding public schools (Frankenberg, Siegel-Hawley, and Wang, 2010; Miron, et al., 2010; U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2012).


Virshow first noticed, as we have seen, the creature of "white blood", defended, thanks to his observation and tireless energy, the independence of this disease, made the difference between him, pieemia and leukocytosis, gave him the name "leukemia" and outlined in some detail both pathological anatomy and clinical features.


Privacy-protecting technology is essential in this surveillance society. The applications of cameras widely vary, e.g., crime surveillance, monitoring of an environment, and marketing. Furthermore, the scale of surveillance systems is predicted to become more diverse (from home area networks to wide area networks) due to the decrease in size and price of cameras. Therefore, a simple privacy protection system that does not require central servers or large databases is needed. Scrambling private information in a captured image can be a solution to simplifying a system. We propose an image-scrambling method for bitmap and JPEG formatted images to private information. Our method enables access control by providing keys to authorized individuals. They cannot view private information that they do not have permission to access. The image's format is retained; therefore, no special viewer is necessary in display-only console. Experimental results suggest that scramble level can be controlled linearly by using parameters (three for JPEG formatted image, and one for bitmap image). We also developed a demo system for this method and confirm that this method can be applied to embedded systems such as those equipped with surveillance cameras.


Lucy Shoe Meritt thanks Bennett for accepting to write an article for the Hesperia publication honoring Carl W. Blegen's 80th birthday. She sends the mailing address where his manuscript should be delivered.


The cuff inflator design described has been found to be adequate for clinical purposes. It has a cuff inflation time of less than 0.3 s. It is safe to use as prolonged overpressurisation cannot happen. It is economical to produce, and is sufficiently compact to be mounted on a trolley side by side with the plethysmographic equipment to form a mobile unit, enabling venous occlusion plethysmography to be performed at any location.


Based on the relation between social commonweal organizations and city brand, the Ramunion in Zhejiang province is taken as a typical case to analyze its positive role during the G20 Hangzhou Summit (2016). Based on the Chinese Traditional Dragon Boat Racing, the Ramunion brings the city culture of Hangzhou and Chinese civilization out of China to the world. The practice of the organization fully demonstrates that social commonweal organizations should and are able to play positive roles in moulding city brands. Therefore, it is necessary to further play the positive role of all kinds of social commonweal organizations in the city brand building of Hangzhou.


According to the motion characteristic and hydrodynamics of high-speed deep-V planning, a real-time 6DOF mathematical motion model for the USV was built and the performance was simulated in Matlab/Simulink software tool. Then a fuzzy logic system for autonomous navigation of unmanned surface vehicles is presented. The control system intelligently controls the vehicle to go from origin to destination avoiding the obstacles in its path. Depending on the anticipated danger of the obstacle, the vehicle chooses an angle of divergence which avoids the obstacles and keeps the speed of the vehicle. The proposed control system of the vehicle has two main controllers. The first one is speed controller and the second one is nozzle controller. Compared with the actual sea trial data, the results show that the proposed model and fuzzy controller can better reflect and simulate the maneuverability of the USV under ocean environment.


Abstract A new vibrating-tube densimeter, combined with a new detection method for determining phase transitions, was used to measure vapor pressures p and densities ρ at several pressures near saturation for aqueous solutions of NaCl, KCl, and CaCl 2 at molality m = (0.25, 0.5, 1, and 3) mol·kg -1 and temperature T = 623 K. CaCl 2 solutions were also measured at T = 643 K. The measured difference Δρ in density between pure water and the solution was used to calculate the density of the solution, the molar volume, and the average compressibility of the solution. The uncertainties of the measurements were: vapour pressure, ±0.004· p ; Δρ = ±(0.0005+10 -4 Δ p /MPa) g·cm -3 .


Pre-stressed box bridge has better operational performance compared to the ordinary steel bar bridge,which enhance the fatigue strength,and has used the high strength steel products fully,but it also sets a higher request to the construction:needs the strict construction operational procedure,needs to have the high skill technical worker,the special precise construction measurement equipment as well as the high grade material.As widely used along with the prestressed concrete bridge in our country highway construction,although along with the social sciences technical level enhancement,the construction technical level more and more is also high,but has some questions to appear frequently,presently the question which occurs frequently on the construction in makes some discussions.


In the s -wave superconductor LaRu 4 P 12 ( T c =7.2 K), a clear Redfield pattern was observed below T c , which arises from a triangular lattice. We observed distinct frequency dependence of the spin–lattice relaxation rate 1/ T 1 in the vortex state in contrast to the normal state. In addition, from the T -dependence of 1/ T 1 T measured at different frequencies, 1/ T 1 T at the vortex core is considered to be greater than that in the normal state, indicating that the LDOS in the vortex core region is higher than that in the normal state. This enhancement of the LDOS in the core region can be understood in terms of the bound states inside a vortex core.


David Laibson admitted that how to fix D, the length of the period between readjustments of consumption, is an important question, and that one would not expect everyone in the economy to have the same D. He explained that the assumption of continuous rebalancing was not a crucial one, as it affected only second-order terms. He was very receptive to the idea that some important financial events capture people's attention. An extension to the model to capture this phenomenon through a Poisson arrival rate of important events affects the results only slightly. Laibson recognized that dealing with the long-horizon evidence was im-


The effect of basis sets on the calculated transition energies for ethene, formaldehyde, acetone, and isobutene has been studied at the RPA, TDDFT, and EOM-CCSD theoretical levels. Polarization functions beyond the (d,p) level have little effect on the calculated energies. However, diffuse functions have a major effect on the calculated energies. Using 6-311(2+,2+)G(d,p) which has two sets of diffuse functions, EOM-CCSD gave very good agreement with the available experimental data in most cases. Another set of diffuse functions led to lower transition energies in a few cases. The RPA calculations for ethene are in fairly good agreement with the first 10 experimental transition energies, and TDDFT is less satisfactory. On the other hand, for formaldehyde and acetone, TDDFT gives fairly good agreement with experiment for the first states, and RPA is quite unsatisfactory. The use of global diffuse functions instead of additional atom-centered diffuse functions was examined. They proved to be quite satisfacto...


A press for thermoforming a thermoformable sheet material (9a) for obtaining at least one thermomolded object, which has a support base (2); a pair of female molds (4, 5) supported for rotation around a rotation axis on the support base (2); drive means (6) for the pair of female molds (4, 5); a support frame (3) extending from the support base (2); a male mold (7) movably supported in the support frame (3) at the pair of female molds (4, 5); drive means (8) for the male mold (7) suitable for moving it open-closed in sync with the angular travels of the pair of female molds (4, 5); and program control means (12) for said drive means (6, 8).


JFP would like to thank Abigail A. Advincula for assistance in electrochemical measurements and Dr. Austin L. Jones for assistance in GPC measurements. The authors acknowledge financial support from KAUST, including Office of Sponsored Research (OSR) awards no. OSR-2018-CRG/CCF-3079, OSR2019-CRG8-4086 and OSR-2018-CRG7-3749. The authors acknowledge funding from ERC Synergy Grant SC2 (610115), the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 952911, project BOOSTER
and grant agreement no. 862484, project RoLAFLEX, as well as EPSRC Project EP/T026219/1. G.C. acknowledges financial support from the University of Warwick. A.M.T.L. and M.T. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) grant EP/L015307/1 for the Molecular Analytical Science Centre for Doctoral Training (MAS-CDT). S.M. acknowledges funding though an EU Chancellor's Scholarship by the University of Warwick. G.S.C and J.R.R acknowledges funding from the Office of Naval Research (N00014-20-1-2129).


International Studies and concentrated in International Security. He will pursue an M.Litt in International Security Studies at the University of St. Andrews next year. In 1995, World Bank Vice President Ismail Serageldin famously prophesied the following: "If the wars of this century were fought over oil, the wars of the next century will be fought over water." Since the middle of the twentieth century, disagreements between the Republic of Turkey, the Syrian Arab Republic, and the Republic of Iraq over the usage of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers have been frequent. This conflict over water will likely escalate by 2025, when Turkey—the nation in which the sources of both rivers are located—will suffer from water shortages of its own. This could lead to protests and low-level conflict among the citizens of the respective nations and even to a full-scale war between Turkey, Syria, and Iraq. Syria, whose relations with Turkey are considerably strained, may seek to mobilize the Kurds of Turkey against the Turkish Government, citing the destruction of the Kurdish territory as an appropriate cause for an uprising. The mobilization of the Kurds would give Syria a powerful hand in a potential conflict by turning a sizeable minority population against its own government. This future shortage of water—in conjunction with Turkey's pro-Western and pro-Israeli ideals, seen as early as 1948, when Turkey was the first Arab nation to recognize the State of Israel—suggests that there is a high likelihood that a war among the three nations will occur. Classical realism can be used to frame the looming EuphratesTigris conflict, specifically considering Thucydides' belief that "the strong [Turkey] do what they have the power to do and the weak [Syria, Iraq] accept what they have to accept" (Doyle 83). Though states in the Middle East have always faced water shortages, the deHydro Wars THe sTruggle for WaTer and survival in THe eupHraTes-Tigris river Basin


A two-point expression of effective drive current (Ieff_PG) for pass-gate (PG) transistors is proposed for the first time. We demonstrate that the proposed expression of Ieff_PG estimates the PG latency with a reasonable accuracy (relative error <;15%) under different technology nodes from 90 to 20 nm and a wide range of biasing conditions including gate overdrive voltage up to 0.4 V and nonzero body bias between -0.3 and 0.3 V. The effective drive current expression is simple to use, independent of process technologies, and maintains accuracy when transistors are scaled down to deep submicron regime with severe nonidealities such as drain-induced barrier lowering. Ieff_PG provides a simple yet efficient approach for technology evaluation and projection for PG heavy applications such as field-programmable gate array routing. We also show that the previously proposed static CMOS effective drive current (Ieff_inv) is not a valid figure of merit when applied to PG transistors, because PG transistors operate in a different regime from the transistors in CMOS inverters. The scaling trend of Ieff_PG is discussed, which illustrates the Ieff_PG does not improve from device scaling as much as CMOS saturation current (Idsat) and effective drive current (Ieff_inv) do.


A method based on reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) with pre-column derivatization is established to determine malondialdehyde(MDA) in rat plasma with methyl malondialdehyde(Me-MDA) as an internal standard and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) as the derivatization reagent.The separation was performed on a ZORBAX SB C_(18) column (250mm×4.6mm,5μm) with 0.2%acetic acid-acetonitrile(50:50,V/V) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min.The detection wavelength was set at 310nm.The linear range of malondialdehyde was 2.5—60μmol/L and the correlation coefficient was 0.9991.The average recovery was 97.7%,the relative standard deviation was 4.47%(n= 6).The plasma volume of 50μL was sufficient for the determination of MDA.The method is accurate and reliable with good specificity,and suitable for the determination of MDA in rat plasma.


This study presents an analytical solution to the one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation (ADE) for a semi-infinite heterogeneous aquifer system with space and time-dependent groundwater velocity and dispersion coefficient. The dispersion coefficient is assumed to be proportional to the groundwater flow velocity. In addition, retardation factor, first-order decay and zero-order production terms are also considered. Contaminants and porous media are assumed to be chemically inert. Initially, it is assumed that some uniformly distributed solutes are already present in the aquifer domain. The input point source is considered uniformly continuous and increasing nature in a semi-infinite porous medium. The solutions are obtained analytically using the Laplace Integral Transform Technique (LITT). The nature of the concentration profile of the resulting solution for different parameters in different time domains is illustrated graphically.


I am preparing this editorial one year into the pandemic in the UK where we anticipate an ending of another lockdown but not the ending of the pandemic. It seems the virus will not be eliminated, we shall need to continue to live with more uncertainty and risk. The Main papers in this issue and the first paper in Open Space offer important contributions about living with the pandemic. These papers testify to the depth of thinking and creativity that lockdowns have inspired, but also remind us of worries about the future: whether we shall be able to mourn and make reparation especially in relation to the dreadful damage we have inflicted on our planet, and the deadly inequalities in our society about which we have been starkly reminded over this last year. The opening paper Being Brown: An Autoethnographic Exploration of Internalised Colonisation by Rhea Gandhi is a powerful exploration of the hatred embodied and enacted in the colonial exploitation of 'racism'. This is a courageously personal study, marvellously reflective about inner and outer worlds and their interaction, the intersection of racism with gender, and these influences on the process of writing this paper.Gandhi draws on a wide variety of psychoanalytic and other sources to amplify the challenges she presents if we are to help address the inequalities that have ensued from what we project and enact in racism and misogyny.This is a substantial main paper like the other two, and like them will well repay careful study. An interview with Darian Leader on the Pandemic is the edited transcript by Nick Barwick of his interview with Leader for this journal in association with the Birkbeck Counselling Association's autumn conference last November. It proved a remarkable interview for the valuable exploration and insight by Leader and Barwick. Many aspects, including clinical experiences during the last year, past pandemics, present uncertainties, and apprehensions about future 'amnesia', were discussed with a view to considering how to achieve a better future. Singing Potatoes: Bion's Concept of O and the Frustrations of Not Knowing, by Jennie Hogan is a searching study of this most puzzling Bion concept which he said trying to describe was like 'singing potatoes'. Hogan makes no apologies for the obscurity of Bion's writings but offers instead her scholarship and passion in seeking to explain her understanding of it, including the importance of 'resisting understanding'. She draws on a wide range of relevant material including a case example from her own clinical work to illustrate 'the creative and potentially transformative elements at play'. Psychodynamic Practice, 2021 Vol. 27, No. 2, 125–126, https://doi.org/10.1080/14753634.2021.1914912


We discuss application of the fractional dimensionality approach to a variety of low-dimensional systems. Further, we show that thermodynamical behavior of such systems is determined by density of single quasi-particle states, which in turn is characterized by the value of the effective spectral dimension. After presentation, which shows how the spectral dimension is associated with the energy spectrum, we derive formulas for some physical quantities of those systems being an analytical functions of the effective spectral dimension.


Nuclear proliferation in Asia threatens to overturn existing nonproliferation regimes and to create temptations toward first-strike strategies among states in the region. Missile defenses may help to reduce the risks of war if they are combined with defensive military strategies. On the other hand, as complements to strategies based on preemption or prompt offensives, missile defenses in Asia may contribute to crisis instability and war.


Polyrhachis muara, a new species from Borneo in the flavoflagellata species-group of the subgenus Myrmhopla, is described. A key to the workers of the group is provided and all four species are illustrated.


BACKGROUND
Breast cancer patients are at increased risk of osteoporosis. Contributing factors include age and/or chemotherapy. The selective estrogen modulator, raloxifene (RAL), effective in the prevention of breast cancer and approved for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, may prove beneficial in current breast cancer treatment modules. The purpose of this study was to evaluate RAL in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and trimetrexate (TMX) to determine the most effective sequence in which to administer these cell cycle specific agents while taking into consideration the cellular mechanism of action. The goal was to maintain cytotoxicity to breast cancer cells and capitalize on the selective estrogen receptor modulatory effects of RAL.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
MCF-7 cells were exposed to (i) TMX, 5-FU or RAL alone, or (ii) RAL 24 h prior to 5-FU followed 2 h later by TMX, or (iii) 5-FU 2 h prior to TMX followed 24 h later by RAL. The cell viability was determined using the Quick Cell Proliferation Assay.

RESULTS
The growth rate of MCF- 7 cells exposed to early RAL was 68.25 +/- 4.11% that of the control, however, late RAL exposure produced a growth of 34.75 +/- 4.79% that of the control. Late RAL maintained the cytotoxicity of the regimen. The findings were further supported by cell flow cytometry and Western blot analysis data.

CONCLUSION
RAL given prior to 5-FU/TMX significantly compromised cytotoxicity to breast cancer cells.


Numerical predictions are to be performed of the shock pressures that would result from the detonation of 100,000 lbm TNT. The initial phase of the project was to develop the methodology for analyzing the problem, develop a preliminary conceptual design to use in initial simulations, and estimate over-pressures, inside the conceptual facility, resulting from the propellant detonation. This report discusses the methods of analysis used to study the problem of the detonation of the propellant, and the propagation of the shock wave inside the exhaust gas processing system, and presents preliminary results. The KOVEC computer code was used to simulate the detonation of 100,000 lbm TNT and develop a boundary prescription for use in the gas dynamics code GASP which models the propagation of the shock wave through the LARC exhaust gas processing system. Results are presented showing the effect of cross-sectional area changes and variations in the initial pressure in the gas processing system on the shock wave peak pressure and propagation speed.


Objective To observe the distribution and morphology of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) and somatostatin(SS) immunoreactive(IR) cells in gastric mucosa of Sus Scrofa domestica var.mino guizhounensis Yu.Methods Immunohistochemical SABC method was used to display the 5-HT and SS immunoreactive cells.The number of the cells was counted and image analysis was also used in the study.Results The shapes of 5-HT and SS immunoreactive cells were mainly cone,round ovary and shuttle like,found mainly in the body and base of gastric gland.The positive cell count was the highest in gastric mucosa,followed by stomach body and cardia.Conclusion The shape of 5-HT and SS immunoreactive cells in gastric mucosa of Sus Scrofa domestica var.mino guizhou-nensis Yu is various.The highest density of endocrine cells is found in gastric mucosa,similar to the distribution in mammals.


(1986). A comparison of embodied technical change in services and manufacturing industry. Applied Economics: Vol. 18, No. 9, pp. 941-958.


This report summarizes the broad range of activities supported by Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) and other federal agencies focused on meeting the President`s Executive Order on Federal Energy Management promulgated to meet energy savings goals and encourage more efficient management of all federal energy resources. These activities are reported semiannually under the auspices of the FERM Coordinating Committee, and as such include activities undertaken from October 1, 1991, through March 31, 1992. The activities reported are classified into four major categories: (1) technology-base support, which includes development of processes, software, metering and monitoring equipment and strategies, and other tools for the federal energy manager to better understand and characterize their energy resources; (2) federal energy systems testing and monitoring; (3) federal energy systems modernization projects at federal installations in cooperation with the utilities serving the sites; and (4) energy supply, distribution and end-use conservation assessment for federal agencies and/or facilities.


Advances in computer and communication technologies have stimulated the integration of digital video and audio with computing, leading to the development of various computer-assisted collaborations. In this paper, we propose a multi-level conferencing paradigm (called super conferences) for supporting collaborative interactions between geographically separated groups of users, with each group belonging to possibly a different organization. Hierarchical communication architectures are naturally suited for carrying out media transmission in super conferences. We study the performance of hierarchical communication architectures, and present algorithms for bounding end-to-end delays of real-time media traffic in them. We derive some interesting limits on the number of participants in a group and the number of groups within a super conference, so as not to violate bandwidth and delay requirements of multimedia. At the Multimedia Laboratory at the University of California, San Diego, we have implemented a conferencing system on an environment of Sun SPARCstations and PCATS equipped with digital video and audio processing hardware. As an interesting application of the conferencing system, we have developed a tele-presenter by which users can remotely attend lectures in progress. We present our initial experiences with using the system.


Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the effect of encapsulated Cosmos caudatus leaf extract on the physiological conditions, immune competency, and antioxidative status of broiler chickens raised at a high stocking density. After 15 days of rearing, 370 Lohmann broiler chicks were assigned to five treatment groups, including T0 (chicks were raised at a density of 10 birds/m2 and received no additive), T1 (chicks were raised at a density of 16 birds/m2 and received no additive), T2 (chicks were raised at a density of 16 birds/m2 and received 0.5 g/kg encapsulated C. caudatus leaf extract), T3 (chicks were raised at a density of 16 birds/m2 and received 1.0 g/kg additive), and T4 (chicks were raised at a density of 16 birds/m2 and received 1.5 g/kg additive). On days 28 and 42, blood samples from two chicks per pen were collected. On day 42, the chicks that had been blood-sampled were sacrificed, and blood samples and lymphoid organs (i.e., bursa of Fabricius, spleen, and thymus) were collected. The daily weight gain and feed efficiency of broilers (P<0.01) in groups T2 and T3 were higher than those of broilers in groups T0, T1, and T4. Daily feed intake was greater (P<0.01) in groups T0 and T1 than in groups T2 and T3. The erythrocyte content and hematocrit value of groups T1, T2, T3, and T4 were greater (P<0.05) than those of group T0. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in group T4 was lower (P<0.05) than that in groups T0, T1, and T2. Leukocyte and lymphocyte levels were higher in group T1 (P<0.05) than in other groups. Serum albumin was higher in chicks reared at a high density (P<0.05) than in chicks reared at a normal density. Lesion scores were higher in group T1 (P<0.05) than in other groups. Chicks in groups T1 and T2 showed more severe pathological changes in their bursa of Fabricius compared with those in groups T0, T3, and T4. Serum superoxide dismutase was higher in groups T2, T3, and T4 (P<0.05) than in groups T0 and T1. Chicks in group T4 had higher (P<0.05) malondialdehyde levels than chicks in other groups. In conclusion, a high stocking density influences the metabolic rate and physiological conditions of broiler chicks, as reflected by alterations in the blood profiles of the animals. Stress due to a high stocking density could damage the bursa of Fabricius, but feeding with encapsulated C. caudatus leaf extract, especially at a rate of 1.5 g/kg, could alleviate the cortical and lymphocyte cell depletion of broilers. Regardless of the stocking density effect, dietary supplementation with encapsulated C. caudatus leaf extract at doses of 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg could improve the daily weight gain of broilers.


We report on recent efforts to design a solid plastic scintillation hodoscope to measure neutron production cross sections at low energies. Our program includes not only the development of the detector itself, but also a set of auxiliary measurements which will help characterize its low-energy response. A novel scintillation counter has been developed to detect sub-MeV neutrons while rejecting gamma-ray backgrounds with good efficiency. The detector uses multiple layers of thin solid scintillator, with optical isolation between the adjacent layers. Incident low-energy neutrons produce ionizing recoil particles which remain within just one of the scintillator layers, while background gamma rays create electrons which most often cross the boundary between layers. By observing the trigger pattern within the layers, most gamma-ray backgrounds can be distinguished from the low-energy neutrons of interest. We report on the results of our Monte Carlo studies of this design, as well as on the operation of a prototype detector unit. We also have undertaken a new measurement of the neutron-proton total cross section below 1 MeV. Calculations of the efficiency for detecting low energy neutrons in plastic scintillator rely on accurate low energy n-p cross sections, yet surprisingly few such data currently exist. New measurements which span the region from 150 to 800 keV neutron (lab) energy are reported and discussed. Additionally, we have measured the light response of BC 418 scintillator for recoil proton energies as low as 100 keV. Recoil protons are produced at a known energy in the scintillator by placing it in a neutron beam and detecting in coincidence the elastically scattered neutrons at fixed angle. Our new results extend the energy range of previous measurements of the light response of solid organic scintillators, and may indicate a significantly modified response at the lowest observed energies.


Characterization of molecular events during N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea (MNU)‐induced rat prostate carcinogenesis enhances the utility of this model for the preclinical assessment of preventive strategies. Androgen independence is typical of advanced human prostate cancer and may occur through multiple mechanisms including the loss of androgen receptor (AR) expression and the activation of alternative signaling pathways.


Background: Despite the increased rate of tuberculosis (TB) in the elderly, few publications have presented the clinical characteristics of TB in this specific age group in our country. This study aimed to compare the clinical features, predisposing factors and imaging findings of pulmonary TB in the elderly and in young adults, and to determine if any difference exists between the two groups. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients with the diagnosis of pulmonary TB at Ghaem Hospital and outpatient clinics during a 6-year period. Ninety-five patients were studied and divided into two groups, 33 patients were in the young group (mean age, 29.3 yrs.) and 40 patients in the elderly group (mean age, 69.6 yrs.). Patients aged 46-64 were excluded from the study. Results: Predisposing factors were more prevalent in the elderly who had a significantly higher frequency of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, malignancy and diabetes mellitus. Pregnancy and postpartum status were the predisposing conditions in young females. The classic symptoms and signs of TB were noted in a higher proportion of the younger group. Fever (78% vs. 57.5%), and weight loss(94% vs. 80%) were significantly higher (p<0.05),while night sweats(24% vs. 22.5%),cough (100% vs. 92.5%) and hemoptysis(30% vs. 15%), were seen more in the younger group but with no significant differences .Lower lung infiltrates were higher in the elderly; whereas, cavitation was seen significantly more in the young age group(63% vs. 25%, p<0.05). Conclusion: To prevent delay in diagnosis and treatment, TB should be considered among the differential diagnosis of any type of pulmonary infiltrates seen in the elderly, even when the clinical presentation is atypical. (Tanaffos 2008; 7(1): 52-57)


Two security mechanisms are compared and contrasted based on their implementation of the concept of well-formed transactions (D. Clark et al., 1987). They introduced the notion of transformation procedures which are intended to perform integrity preserving or enhancing operations on various classes of data. These operations are called well-formed transactions. This paper compares the effectiveness of two mechanisms for implementing the concept of a well-formed transaction, the Secure Ada Target (SAT) type enforcement mechanism and the Unix setuid mechanism.<<ETX>>


Motivated by a problem of characterising a family of Cayley graphs, we study a class of finite groups $G$ which behave similarly to elementary abelian $p$-groups with $p$ prime, that is, there exists a subgroup $N$ such that all elements of $G\setminus N$ are conjugate or inverse-conjugate under $\mathsf{Aut}(G)$. It is shown that such groups correspond to complete multipartite graphs which are normal edge-transitive Cayley graphs.


With miniaturization of RF-SAW filter package, we should not only take the electromagnetic effects of package into consideration but also the electromagnetic effects of pattern on the SAW substrate. In this paper, the high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) is employed to investigate the crosstalk effects on SAW substrate and mutual coupling effects between pattern on the SAW substrate and package. Special attention has been paid to model SAW filter pattern. It is found that an RF SAW filter device is sensitive to crosstalk between package and pads on the substrate. So the crosstalk effects must be taken into account in the design process. Our approach has been applied to two cases. One is SMD package 3mm/spl middot/3mm with ladder type SAW filter at 881 MHz and the other is flip chip package 2.5 mm/spl middot/2.0 mm with ladder type SAW filter at 1842.5 MHz. Measurement is also carried out to verify our results. Good agreements are obtained.


The haptic rendering algorithms for an object with implicit surface representation are proposed. The basic rendering algorithm for a regular two-dimensional manifold is used to represent a solid volumetric object. For applications where information about the internal content of an object is concerned, the haptic rendering algorithm for internal content of an implicit object is developed. The proposed algorithm is derived from the concept of state transition via 'port' using manifold with boundary representation. Manifold with boundary is constructed from implicit primitives. The advantage of implicit surface representation in haptic applications is emphasized. Both algorithms were successfully implemented in the haptic interface system and were applied to various implicit models.


With the growing availability and popularity of Web-based opinion platforms, online product reviews are now an emerging market phenomenon that is playing an important role in consumer purchasing decisions. This study investigates the influence of electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM) on purchase intention in the virtual community. The authors conducted a 2x2x2x2 online experiment involving 261 subjects. The experiment results demonstrate that message number and positive messages in the virtual community can influence consumer purchase intention. Product price and the involvement moderate the effects of eWOM on purchase intention. However, negative messages are negatively related to purchase intentions. This finding offers potential for finding better ways for sellers or managers in a virtual community. Finally, the conclusion presents implications, limitations, and directions for future research.


In this blog post, Emma Sciberras and Julian Fernando discuses eco-anxiety, the impact of climate change on CYP mental health, and their 2022 CAMH Special Issue paper. This blog was published on The Conversation.com on Wednesday 10 November 2021.


(2002). Gendering the Euro: A French rite of passage? Journal of European Area Studies: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 91-104.


We have isolated and characterized a transcribed segment of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from apple (cv. 'Delicious') that contains the atp9 gene, and exons a and b of the nad5 gene. Analysis of the cDNA of the atp9 revealed 8 C to U transcript editing events resulting in 7 amino acid changes, and a new stop codon that eliminates 8 carboxy-terminal residues, compared to the genomic sequence. The transcription patterns of atp9, and exons a and b of nad5 share RNA species, indicating that these sequences are part of the same transcriptional unit.


In the context of the tension between classroom observation as a form of empowerment and as an instrument of control, the partnership between three 16–19 colleges and a university School of Education in delivering a programme of sustained observation over eight years is explicated. Drawing on the literature about continuing professional development (CPD) and the use of classroom observation as a developmental and inspection tool, the principles and processes that underpin the programme are explained. Content analysis of 924 reports of classroom observations is undertaken to establish two areas where changes in practice can be relatively easily achieved and two areas that are more resistant.


Some ionic liquids have been polymerized after introducing vinyl groups on the component ions. Thus obtained polymerized ionic liquids showed relatively low glass transition temperature and moderate ionic conductivity attributable to unique characteristics of the ionic liquids. The properties of the polymers such as glass transition temperature, decomposition temperature, ionic conductivity, etc, have been further improved through the design of corresponding monomers. It is important to consider a task-sharing between component monomers, such as providing conductive path and carrier ion source for the design of conductive polymers for specific ions.


Doppler radar mapped the evolution of a pair of atmospheric solitary waves emanating from a thunderstorm complex. The 100-km-long curved wavefront and position of these few-kilometer-wide waves are hypothesized to be a result of an amplitude-dependent wave speed. The observed unfolding is compared with a solution of the nonlinear integro-differential equation governing the evolution of finite amplitude disturbances in stratified media. >


The force exerted by a monolayer on a flexible metal strip is measured by observing the deflection of the strip with a microscope. The apparatus is simple and fairly robust. A sensitivity of 0.03 dyn cm-1 is readily obtainable.


Sentiment analysis has gradually become an important content of natural language processing (NLP), and plays an increasingly important role in the fields of system recommendation, user emotion information acquisition, and public opinion reference for governments and enterprises. In the period of comprehensive well-off, the leisure consciousness of Chinese residents has been significantly improved, the income growth has brought about the release of leisure consumption potential, and the time guarantee for leisure has been further enhanced. As the urban public cultural space, the modern Science and Technology Museum bears the diversified spatial functions of knowledge production, cultural empowerment and public welfare. An appropriate range of commercial service supply is an important part of the public policy supply of the Science and Technology Museum. It is very important to understand the emotional tendency of the public for the commercial service of the Science and Technology Museum. Roberta adds a dynamic mask mechanism on the basis of the model Bert, taking a larger amount of pre training data and a larger batch size. This paper introduces a multi-channel mask mechanism on the basis of the Roberta model, and increases the mask ratio, so that the model can learn more levels of emotional information, and the effect on text sentiment analysis is better. Therefore, taking Shanghai Science and Technology Museum as an example, the Roberta model is used to extract and interpret the public perception data of the public comment network, and study the value perception and emotional tendency of the public to the commercial services of the Science and Technology Museum, so as to better guide the Science and Technology Museum to improve the service quality level.


markdownabstractObesity and excessive gestational weight gain may have several consequences for both mother and child. Infancy also seems to be critical for the development of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases. In this thesis, we examined the adiposity and cardiovascular health related consequences of maternal and infant adiposity.
The research described in this thesis is part of the Generation R Study, Rotterdam, the Netherlands and the Generation XXI, Porto, Portugal. The findings of this thesis emphasize the importance of maternal adiposity during pregnancy and infant adiposity on the adiposity status and cardiovascular profile in later life.
Prevention of maternal adiposity during pregnancy and infant adiposity is important to reduce the burden of obesity and cardiovascular disease throughout the life course and in future generations.


Zeynep Celik Alexander's Kinaesthetic
Knowing: Aesthetics, Epistemology, Modern Design recovers a "forgotten" tradition within German Enlightenment thought and practice, from Hermann von Helmholtz...


-Rural areas, with difficult topography, do not allow easy entry and development of security systems in their localities. Emergency Care and Safety institutions such as: Police, Fire Department and Red Cross need stable and reliable safety equipment to optimize their response time to emergency events. The alarm system proposed in this essay is a panic button system that preforms real-time monitoring for emergency events. The Security system uses the Raspberry Pi Zero to send remotely, to Security Services ECU 911 system, an alert when one of the panic buttons is pressed by VPN. The advantage of this alarm system is its low cost, allowing its access to poor people, and its stability for emergency events. Keywords--Panic Button, Public Safety, Raspberry Pi Zero, VPN.


Saudi Arabia is blessed with abundant solar energywhichcan be use to meet its ever increasing power requirement. In this regard, the energy analysis and plant performance of integrated solar combined cycle (ISCC) plant with direct steam generation (DSG) was carried out for Dhahran, Saudi Arabia using four representative months of March, June, September and December. The plant consists of 180MW conventional gas turbine plant and two steam turbines of 80MW and 60MW powered by the solar field and gas turbine exhaust. With high insolation during the summer month of June the plant can achieve up to 25% of solar fraction with ISCC plant efficiency of 45% as compared to gas turbine base of 38%.This can however be improved by increasing the number of collectors or/and the use of auxiliary heater .


According to the analysis of different aerosol parameters,the empiric formulas are given for calculating atmospheric visibility,the mass concentration of PM_(10),PM_(2.5) and PM_(1.0) from atmospheric aerosol number distribution measured by an OPC.


Many authors on driving consider that at least some subset of its essential operations is performed automatically. This paper critically evaluates the basis of these claims by analysing the activity of changing gear in considerable detail. It compares and contrasts the properties of automaticity, assumed by different theories, with data sets collected under actual driving conditions. Several different accounts of automaticity in driving are outlined; they have different implications for how drivers should be trained, how their risk taking and decision making should be understood, and why some in-car devices may provoke greater distraction than others. Evidence from red-light violations suggests that the task of approaching traffic signals should not be viewed as automatic. The following results about variability of the components of gear changes have been obtained: (1) changing up and changing down have different variability; (2) performances of specific components of gear changing do not predict each other; and (3) although the two components within a gear change are correlated, neither is related to the variance of the time taken to complete a gear change. The authors' investigations of components of driving skill give little support to at least two specific theories of automaticity of driving. For the covering abstract, see IRRD 896859.


Let ${\mathbf U}(n)$ be the quantum enveloping algebra of ${\frak {gl}}_n$ over $\mathbb Q(v)$, where $v$ is an indeterminate. We will use $q$-Schur algebras to realize the integral form of ${\mathbf U}(n)$. Furthermore we will use this result to realize quantum $\frak{gl}_n$ over $k$, where $k$ is a field containing an l-th primitive root $\varepsilon$ of 1 with $l\geq 1$ odd.


BackgroundElectronic blood pressure (BP) measurement devices are the preferred choice of patients owing to their user-friendly nature; however, there is a requirement to investigate the accuracy and reliability of these devices. The objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the Omron M6 upper-arm BP device against the mercury sphygmomanometer in adults and obese adults according to the International Protocol criteria. MethodsOne hundred and twenty-one patients, older than 30 years of age, were studied and classified on the basis of the range of the International Protocol. BP measurements at the upper arm with the Omron M6 were compared with the results obtained by two trained observers using a mercury sphygmomanometer. Nine sequential BP measurements were taken. A total of 33 participants were selected for each validation study. During the validation study, 99 measurements were performed on 33 participants for comparison. The first phase was performed on 15 participants, and if the device passed this phase, 18 more participants were selected. Having a two-fold purpose, this study was conducted on both adult and obese adult patients. ResultsMean discrepancies and standard deviations of the monitor-mercury sphygmomanometer were 1.1±4.0 mmHg for systolic BP (SBP) and −0.5±3.5 mmHg for diastolic BP (DBP) in the adult group. The device passed phase 1 in 15 participants. In phase 2.1, out of a total of 99 comparisons, 88, 96, and 97 for SBP, and 88, 98, and 99 for DBP were <5, <10, and <15 mmHg, respectively. Mean discrepancies and standard deviations of the monitor-mercury sphygmomanometer were 1.7±4.8 mmHg for SBP and −0.8±4.3 mmHg for DBP in the obese adult group. The device passed phase 1 in 15 participants. In phase 2.1, out of a total of 99 comparisons, 82, 90, and 97 for SBP, and 80, 97, and 99 for DBP were <5, <10, and <15 mmHg, respectively. It was found that the Omron M6 automatic monitor, which measures BP at the upper arm, produced results in accordance with the criteria of phases 2.1 and 2.2 in both SBP and DBP, when applied to adults and to obese adults. ConclusionIt was concluded that the Omron M6 device, which measures BP at the upper arm, was deemed to be in accordance with the International Protocol criteria and can be recommended for use by adults and obese adults.


The invention discloses a method for preparing crystal II-type ammonium polyphosphate with distribution of high polymerization degree and narrow molecular weight. The method comprises the following steps: putting phosphorus pentoxide and diammonium phosphate which have equal molar ratio into a malaxator which can accurately control a temperature and heated by conducting oil for mixing; under the protection of inert gas, heating the materials in the malaxator to between 100 and 250 DEG C through the circulatory conducting oil; stopping introducing the inert gas; performing ammonification on the materials and heating the materials under an atmosphere of ammonia gas till the materials are totally molten down; stopping introducing the ammonia gas; after homogenization, introducing the ammonia gas again and heating the materials; throwing a surface treating agent into the malaxator; after material throwing is completed, continuously introducing the ammonia gas, keeping warm and mixing the materials; after reaction is finished, transferring the materials to a closed vessel and reducing the temperature; simultaneously, continuously introducing the ammonia gas till the temperature of the materials is below 100 DEG C; and obtaining a finished product. The method can prepare the crystal II -type ammonium polyphosphate with the distribution of the high polymerization degree and the narrow molecular weight; and the product has the characteristics of uniform granularity shape, small water-solubility, good heat resistance, high polymerization degree, narrow distribution of molecular weight and high crystal II-type purity.


Everyone who establish relationships marriage course, wanted a harmonious relationship with her partner, developing relationships with partner until his death. But in reality not every marriage lasted harmonious as expected, some even marriage to end in divorce. After divorce problems that often occur is about parenting, not just neighbor custody of children, but also the psychology of  children, especially those still at the early age phase. This article seeks to discuss how the characteristics of  the child's development in a phase after divorce early age 0-6 years which need to be addressed during the actualization of care. In addition to the articles also will be reviewed how parenting after divorce activity in a phase early ages 0-6 years with an Islamic perspective of informal education. Kata Kunci : Pengasuhan, Pascaperceraian, Pendidikan Informal Islam


To deal with the shortcoming of the Tikhonov regularization in which the blurred image is extended with a zeros extension matrix. With careful analysis of the algorithms with Tikhonov regularization under zero boundary condition, a new extension matrix for the blurred image was proposed. The improved algorithm is in accord with the real image blurring process. Experimental results show that compared with other popular algorithms, the improved method performs favorably in solving the problem of the Average degradation and Gaussian degradation.


This paper proposes a framework called SnuRHAC, which provides an illusion of a single GPU for the multiple GPUs in a cluster. Under SnuRHAC, a CUDA program designed to use a single GPU can utilize multiple GPUs in a cluster without any source code modification. SnuRHAC automatically distributes workload to multiple GPUs in a cluster and manages data across the nodes. To manage data efficiently, SnuRHAC extends CUDA Unified Memory and exploits its page fault mechanism. We also propose two prefetching techniques to fully exploit UM and to maximize performance. Static prefetching allows SnuRHAC to prefetch data by statically analyzing CUDA kernels. Dynamic prefetching complements static prefetching. SnuRHAC enforces an application to run on a single GPU if it is not suitable for multiple GPUs. We evaluate the performance of SnuRHAC using 18 benchmark applications from various sources. The evaluation result shows that while SnuRHAC significantly improves ease-of-programming, it shows scalable performance for the cluster environment depending on the application characteristics.


In this paper, a planar dual band symmetric Meandered Arms monopole antenna for wireless local area network (WLAN) & WiMAX applications is presented. The antenna consists of two symmetric Meandered arms radiating strip leading to generate two separate resonant modes where the first mode is for the 3.5 GHz band and the second mode is for the 5.2/5.8 GHz band operation. The purposed antenna has a measured impedance bandwidths of 3.39-3.5 GHz and 5.5-5.6 GHz, and owns good radiation characteristics impedance bandwidths, with a compact size of 30x35xl.6 mm3.The radiation pattern and resonant frequency are mainly affected by symmetric meandered arms radiating patch and a rectangular ground plane. The CST Microwave studio is employed for designing the antenna. This purposed antenna is fed by a coaxial probe through a SMA connector.


We continue our recent study on constructing a refinement kernel for a given kernel so that the reproducing kernel Hilbert space associated with the refinement kernel contains that with the origina...


Abstract A series of experiments was conducted in which 5s (university students in groups of approximately 30) made personally controlled judgments of the vertical or horizontal under non-stressed and stressed conditions. Stress was produced mainly by auditory and muscular stimulation, applied in some instances asymmetrically and in others symmetrically. Stress produced by visual, gustatory and emotional stimulation was also employed. Judgments of the vertical were made by both visual and non-visual (tactile-kinaesthetic) methods. The results indicate (a) that judgments made without extraneous stress differ significantly from those made under stressed conditions; (b) that the subjective vertical of each individual tends to be displaced in the same direction by stresses applied to either side of the body or in a symmetrical manner; (c) that this effect occurs when the vision used for judgment is monocular as well as binocular; (d) that there is significant correlation between the vector-magnitudes of defle...


Before he began to turn much of his creative energy to writing earnest treatises on such topics as "politics, economics, and education," H. G. Wells, "one of the most influential men of his generation" (Smith 1), published more than eighty short stories. A few of them are now considered classics in the genre, "The Country of the Blind" and "The Door in the Wall," for instance, whereas some of the other tales, by his own admission, were a bit shallow, were composed in haste for a quick imbursement. One of Wells's more obscure yet still intriguing short stories is "In the Avu Observatory," first published in The Pall Mall Budget in August of 1894, just a few months before his debut novel, The Time Machine, would make him a household name on both sides of the Atlantic. In this violent, exotic, and "seductive" (Wagar 62) tale set in the green wilds of distant Borneo, the young protagonist's uncommon profession lends extra credence to the "imperial coloring" (Canto and Hufnagel 38) that some readers have noted in the story. For Wells elects to make his endangered main character not a soldier, a diplomat, or an explorer, but a professional astronomer, and this occupation is chosen in order to add subtle layering and subtextuality — a "wider resonance" (Parrinder 73) — to the naïve Englishman's predicament, to his pathos, since as a dedicated student of science, he expects precision, predictability, and an orderly "totality of things" (Henchman 231), whether it be in the heavens above or on the earth below. And so this young and untested fellow — he is the junior astronomer on site — is rather full of himself at the beginning of the story, has a bit of colonial swagger. Later on, however, he learns a valuable, albeit painful, lesson concerning how much he still does not know about a world that is bigger and far more complex than the hegemonic nineteenthcentury superpower that educated and formed him, then bid him go forth and gain glory for self and empire via his celestial research and discovery. At the apex of its bell curve of colonialism — when every fifth person on earth was a subject of Queen Victoria — Great Britain sent out to the far reaches of the world not just diplomats, builders, and military men, but scientists of all stripe as well, for they too could help to spread the reach of empire by means of what Aaron Worth calls — in a nod to Darwin and Spencer — "technological determinism" (66). The astronomer-cum-protagonist in this short story is named Woodhouse, and he embodies the late nineteenth century hubris that Victorian science could and would presently answer every question, solve every problem, and cure every human ill, be it poverty, ignorance, disease, or criminality. In short, all of the evils extant in a Dickens novel would soon be erased by science. In Woodhouse's chosen profession, everything in the visible night sky has been — or soon will be through his research and that of his fellow European stargazers — named, classified, and then charted on the celestial sphere by both declination and right ascension. Thus, for the young researcher, "Astronomy provides a psychic container, or a cosmological conception of things, because it describes what the cosmos is like as a spatial whole" (Henchman 39), and so his science renders the night sky just as knowable and quantifiable as a hectare of English farmland. And therefore, any new star, nebula, cluster, or cosmic phenomenon that Woodhouse discovers at the center of the Milky Way — his selected research area, hence his presence at the equator — will be "laboriously calculated" (Henchman 7). It will then be cataloged and given a number and a set of


This paper examines the operating environment of non‐metropolitan urban water authorities in Victoria, Australia. It analyses the policy framework within which the industry operates and demonstrates that this framework generates inconsistencies between central agency driven economic outcomes and local politician driven social efficacy outcomes. The paper poses a solution based in a new leadership mindset of entrepreneurially driven core business centres providing co‐ordination rather than direct services and the adoption of an approach recognising discontinuous change rather than the parameters founding "new managerialism" driven by Australian public sector reform agencies. The author asserts that these businesses will be required to paradigm shift ‐ to move from service providers to service managers, to develop networks and strategic alliances with service providers and to embrace mindsets beyond the structured "new managerialism" of the 1980s. The paper draws on studies concerning network organisations, loosely coupled clusters and quality, customer focused solutions. It analyses the need for the implementation of the mindset underpinning these organisations into the sector.


This paper contains task reports on the following topics: Hadron physics at Fermilab; Lepton hadron scattering; Electroweak and weak interactions at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center; Hyperon beam program/hadroproduction of heavy flavors at Fermilab; High energy physics colliding beam detector facility at Fermilab; Data analysis facility; Institute for Elementary Particle Physics research; Study of weak and electromagnetic interactions at Desy and Cern; Theoretical high energy physics; Dumand; and Ultra high energy gamma rays. (LSP)


Ultrafine metal particles (Ag and Cu) were prepared by UV irradiation of their salts dissolved in ethanol. The reaction was greatly accelerated by using benzoin as a photoinitiator. This method was applied to obtain Ag/Cu composite particles : The observed optical spectra of Ag/Cu composite were in good agreement with the calculated spectra using the Mie theory. Keg-words : Metal particles, photoinitiator, UV irradiation, Ag/Cu composite, Mie theory


Eutrophication of water bodies due to the leaching and run off of nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus (P) from spent poultry litter has become a severe environmental issue in many countries. Risks of eutrophication of water bodies are increased when spent litter is dumped indiscriminately in and around the farm as practiced by some poultry farms. Given the rapid expansion of poultry production in Sri Lanka, understanding on environmental issues related to utilization and disposal of spent litter are of important. This study compares the environmental impacts related to P excretion and spent litter under naturally ventilated open house (OH) and tunnel ventilated closed house (CH) broiler production systems. Growth performance, litter production and litter P levels and spent litter disposal practices of 130 and 88 production cycles of 130 and 5 OH and CH farms, respectively were analysed. Litter P levels were not significantly different between two production systems. Lower P utilisation efficiency, growth performance and higher total litter production/Kg LW were reported in OH system, resulting in higher litter P out/Kg LW. Litter P out g/Kg of litter of Sri Lankan OH and CH systems exceeded the international recommended levels. All CH farms disposed spent litter effectively while thirty percent of the OH farmers used to dispose spent litter indiscriminately allowing loss of N and P by leaching, run off or volatilisation. On-farm eutrophication potentials (EPfarm) due to N and P emissions from litter during the growing cycle and, indiscriminately dumped litter were 5.7 and 3.2 g PO4 eq/Kg LW for OH and CH, respectively. Of the EPfarm value of OH system, 29% was due to indiscriminate dumping of spent litter. Meanwhile, 84%, and 16% EPfarm were due to the emissions to air and water, respectively. Contribution of NH3, NOx and P were 80, 13 and 7%, respectively. The study concludes that negative impacts related to P utilisation efficiency, litter production and disposal practices were higher under OH than under CH. Improvements in both P utilisation efficiency and growth performance are identified as the main avenue to reduce P waste generation from OH system while for CH operations, improvements in dietary P utilisation efficiency is recommended. The study also alerts about the possible negative impacts due to the use of spent litter as an organic fertilizer on soil P build up and those due to indiscriminate disposal of spent litter in small scale OH operators. Keywords: Eutrophication, Poultry, Litter, Phosphorus


In this Paper the Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimisation has been used to demonstrate ways to improve the efficiency of Tea Industry after implementation in MAT-LAB. The data for Terai Tea Estate has been extracted from the Financial Statements obtained from Tea Board. The ratio functions have been identified, whose maximisation will improve the performance of the organisation. The regression analysis has been performed to estimate the coefficients of two ratio functions. The Pareto Front has been derived for this dual objective function using Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimisation. The results have been presented in this paper.


Internet is developing from IPv4 to IPv6. This article discusses the problems existing in IPv4 and the necessity of introducing IPv6 as well as several strategies and technologies for a smooth transfer from IPv4 to IPv6 with a primary focus on the principles and relevant issues.


This essay is an invitation for all communication scholars to retrieve the serious discussions and focused inquiries about teaching that are so much a part of this discipline's heritage. During a period when educational scholars have been discovering that knowledge about effective teaching and learning is highly discipline specific, communication education research has tended to rely on generic educational models. In contrast to instructional communication scholarship that must cut across many fields, communication education research needs to be exceedingly content and context specific. Recognizing the ways that theory and pedagogy mutually inform each other, researchers are urged to target the particular problems of teaching various communication concepts and skills and to seek solutions in the most current theoretical understandings of communication.


Process Neural Network is an extention of traditional neural network,in which the inputs are function or procedures associated with ' time'.Pocess neuron has increased a for ' time' get together operator,makes network at the same time have 2 space-time dimensional information processing ability.so to imitate the information processor system of biological neuron better.Sewage disposal is related with ' time',so we introduce the process neural network into sewage disposal.It is a new algorithm for soft measurement.Algorithm research based on function orthogonal basis expansion for Process neural network in soft measurement.through analyzing the low-speed reasons of the network,using the improvement of traditional BP algorithm as referece,put two improvements on the foundation of original algorithm are put forward and better trainning result is obtained.


Computationally-efficient analytical procedure that provides high-quality analysis results for two-dimensional skeletal structure with segmented (stepped) and linearly-tapered non-prismatic flexural members has been developed based on the stiffness method of structural analysis. A computer program coded in FORTRAN 90 has been developed to facilitate the computational procedure. Concentrated and uniformly-distributed loads have been taken into consideration in the development of the computational procedure. The stiffness coefficients have been formulated employing both closed-form and numerical techniques. High quality computational procedures have been established to handle closed-form analytical solutions that have been observed to produce results that are close to theoretical values and that generally surpass those from commercially available software products. A numerical example has been presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed computational procedure and related computer routines. The accuracy of the proposed analysis technique has been verified by comparing the results with theoretical results and those obtained using a commercial structural analysis software system. Keywords: Computer-oriented analysis, Linearly-tappered cross-sections, Step-wise segmented cross-sections, Rigid frames, Computational efficiency, High-quality computations.


The present Discussion aims to evaluate the applicability of the empirical criteria defined for symmetric four-branched junction manholes in the Technical Note. These recommendations are herein used to estimate the maximum shock wave heights and the discharge capacity of 45° and 90° three-branched supercritical junction manholes with variable inlet branch diameters. The equations reported in the Technical Note are assessed by considering the experimental data collected by Del Giudice and Hager (2001), Gisonni and Hager (2002), Gökok (2013), Niedermann (2013) and Crispino et al. (2019). All these research studies analysed junction manholes approached by two circular inlet branches and with a circular outlet branch (subscript u) of diameter Du = 0.240 m. The manhole cross-section was U-shaped, as in the Technical Note, and the side benches had a fixed height of dB = 1.50 Du. In the following, Q is the discharge, h is the flow depth (as well as the shock wave height) and y = h/D is the filling ratio.


The "early identification and intensive delinquents youngsters already in the early treatment" approach to delinquency control stages of a delinquent way of life, or young is breathtakingly plausible. This explains sters who have been exposed to circum its popularity. A plausible argument is stances known to cause delinquency? The not necessarily correct, as Columbus showed Cambridge-Somerville Youth Study empha those who believed that the world is flat, sized the first approach to prediction.1 "Pre "Early identification and intensive treatdelinquents" were nominated by teachers ment," though probably not as erroneous and policemen. The expectation of adoles as the flat-world theory, is more a slogan cent delinquency was primarily an extrap or a rallying cry than a realistic assessment olation from quasi-delinquent behavior of the difficulties that delinquency control during preadolescence. Thus, the three programs must overcome. This paper will raters on the Cambridge-Somerville research attempt to analyze the need for sharper team predicted that antisocial tendencies definition of the implicit assumptions of would persist and develop further—unless early identification and intensive treatment checked by outside intervention. Early programs, and then examine two of the identification in this extrapolative sense is best-known early identification programs in a far cry from identifying potential delin the light of this need. quents according to a theory of delinquency Early identification programs may choose which holds that youngsters exposed to between two theoretically distinct methods certain sociocultural conditions will become of identifying predelinquents. Are predelinquent. Yet the latter is also called __________ "early identification." For example, Shel jackson toby, Ph.D., is currently associate prodon and Eleanor Glueck claim to be able fessor of sociology at Rutgers University and has to predict delinquency on the basis of fac been for the past two years consultant for the Youth tors distinct from the child's early behavior: Development Program of the Ford Foundation, New York City. His most recent published work, with


An approach based on the time reparameterization method is addressed to elaborate computational algorithms for optimal control of discrete-continuous dynamic systems with a bound on the total impulse of control. The algorithms designed involve the reduction procedure coupled with optimal control algorithms to solve the reduced problem. In the paper, a particular class of optimal control problems for time-invariant linear discrete-continuous systems is considered. Illustrative examples are given.


A new method for measuring the vector velocity of meteoroids using meteor head echoes is proposed in this study. The lateral velocity is determined by utilizing the phase interference measurement between channels, while the radial velocity is obtained using a conventional Doppler frequency shift measurement. Compared to previous studies, this method does not require multi-site observations and can calculate the vector velocity of meteors in real-time. This paper provides the complete process for the inversion of the meteor vector velocity, detailing the analyzing process using MU radar head echo data. First, the MUSIC algorithm was used to estimate the DOA of the meteor target, which is a parameter required for lateral velocity measurement. Channel calibration is required before this estimation. Next, delay-Doppler matched filter processing was performed on each receiving channel's data to determine the distance and radial velocity of the meteor target. Subsequently, the lateral velocity component was synthesized using the least squares method from the phase difference rate extracted from the matched filter output results of multiple channel pairs. Then, the vector velocity and trajectory of the meteor could be determined. The method was verified using MU radar head echo data. Different groups of channel pairs were selected for calculating the lateral velocity, and the results were found to be close, demonstrating the self-consistency of the method. Additionally, the calculated vector velocity is consistent with the direction and magnitude of the meteor's motion trajectory, confirming the feasibility of the proposed approach. The method allows for the observation of more prominent characteristics of meteoroid motion, providing a more detailed observation capability of velocity variations in other directions than previous methods.


Evaluation of road pavement is an important task to maintain its quality. In a traditional way, officer checks the road surface by surveying along the road. This traditional method is less efficient because it requires extensive costs, takes a long time, exposes to safety issues, and less accurate due to human subjective factor and fatigue. The objective of this research is to develop a features extraction method based on wavelets to detect crack and non-crack road surface. The method involves road surface acquisition, pre-processing, features extraction using wavelets and classification task using linear discriminate analysis. The developed method was implemented on 56 images and produced 92.8% of accuracy detection of crack and non-crack.


A parametric study to investigate the effects of magnetic field and radiation on a mixed convective flow past an infinite vertical porous plate with constant suction velocity when the free stream varies periodically with time about a steady mean is presented. A uniform magnetic field is applied normal to the plate. The Rosseland approximation is used to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation and the resultant set of non-dimensional equations are solved analytically by adopting regular perturbation technique. The profiles of velocity, temperature, skin-friction and nusselt number are demonstrated graphically for various values of the parameters involved in the problem and the results are physically interpreted.


The commercial vehicle industry faces new challenges like an upcoming carbon-dioxide legislation, increasing cost pressure and a globally rising transport volume. Evolutionary developed vehicle concepts are reaching their technical borders. The potential of a holistic concept optimization stays unutilized because of largely separated developing processes in the domain of the vehicle, trailer and tire manufacturers. Focusing on concrete transportation tasks of the customer further optimization potential can be utilized. The total cost of ownership (TCO) is the key value for a comprehensive vehicle concept based on these potentials. A tool was developd with the purpose of a generic approach to generate more efficient vehicle concepts for specified customer needs. The user combines virtual commercial vehicle modules, like different tractor and trailer combinations. Each module can be configured individually regarding its dimensions, number of axles, payload, power, etc. to adapt the concept for the transportation task. The virtual vehicle concept is tested via a digital homologation process and the fuel consumption and the TCO are calculated to evaluate the vehicle characteristics. Keywords—commercial vehicle development; vehicle concept; customer demand; TCO (Total Cost of Ownership); freight transport scenario,


Better Hearing and Speech Month (BHSM) is the communication sciences and disorders community's biggest, most high-profile annual opportunity to promote the professions and raise awareness about communication disorders.


PURPOSE:To prevent a stimulable phosphor from deteriorating and to improve setting performance, moisture resistance, and durability by forming an air vent for a sealed space in a protection layer body and/or support, and then sealing the air vent after the panel is dried. CONSTITUTION:A stimulable layer 1 is formed on the protection layer body 2 and/or support 3 and then a spacer 5 is provided between the support 3 and protection layer body 2 while surrounding the stimulable layer 1. Then the air vent 6 is at least one position of the protection layer body 2 and/or support 3 where stimulated light is read out of the stimulable layer 1 without any trouble. Further, the moisture permeability of the spacer 5 and the contact parts between the spacer 5, and support 3 and protection layer body 2 is determined so that the stimulable layer 1 does not deteriorate with external entering water. The air vent 6 is sealed with a sealing member 7 immediately after the panel is heated and dried. Thus, the stimulable layer 1 from which water is removed is held dry to guarantee the setting performance of the panel.


A two stage area-point sampling design was tested to estimate land use change in a fast growth county. Random square miles were selected, then subsampled at a density of 20 points per square mile. Twelve land use categories were derived from an aggregation of the USGS Land Use! Land Cover system. High altitude color infrared aerial photography was interpreted for two dates nine years apart. The sample design was tested empirically against digitized values obtained from a land use inventory at one date. Paired sample differences, of land use proportions within the sample squares, were used to derive land use change statistics. Sample points were paired between dates to identify changes between land use categories through the construction of transition matrices. Paired sample differences are recommended to specifically address land use change. An initial 5% sample of paired differences is advised to base the sample size upon land use change at the reporting level of interest. Recommendations are suggested for stratification to reduce the sample variances, thereby increasing the precision.


Agriculture as a basis for industry in the strategic position of prominence in national economic development,rural finance as a pillar of strength to support the development of agriculture are increasingly more important.In order to solve the problem of rural financial development over the years the state has adopted a series of policies and measures to encourage agriculture-related financial institutions to become bigger and stronger.However,due to various reasons,the current rural finance,and can not meet the needs of rural economic development,rural financial reform must be multi-dimensional breakthroughs.


Background:Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a zinc finger transcription factor expressed in the differentiated epithelial cells lining of the intestine. Under physiological conditions, KLF4 inhibits cell proliferation. Conversely, KLF4 mediates proinflammatory signaling in macrophages and its overexpression in the esophageal epithelium activates cytokines, leading to inflammation-mediated esophageal squamous cell cancer formation in mice. Here, we tested whether KLF4 has a proinflammatory activity in experimental colitis in mice. Methods:Villin-Cre;Klf4fl/fl mice with intestine-specific Klf4 deletion (Klf4&Dgr;IS) and control mice with floxed Klf4 gene (Klf4fl/fl) were treated or not with 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis. Additionally, WT mice were administered or not, nanoparticles loaded with scrambled or Klf4-siRNA, and concomitantly given DSS. Results:Compared with DSS-treated Klf4fl/fl mice, DSS-treated Klf4&Dgr;IS mice were significantly less sensitive to DSS-induced colitis. DSS treatment of Klf4fl/fl mice induced Klf4 expression in the crypt zone of the colonic epithelium. DSS-treated Klf4&Dgr;IS mice had increased proliferation relative to DSS-treated control mice. DSS treatment induced NF-&kgr;B signaling pathway in Klf4fl/fl mice colon but not Klf4&Dgr;IS mice. Additionally, WT mice given DSS and nanoparticle/Klf4-siRNA were less sensitive to colitis and had reduced Klf4 expression and while maintaining the proliferative response in the colonic epithelium. Conclusions:Our results indicate that Klf4 is an important mediator of DSS-induced colonic inflammation by modulating NF-&kgr;B signaling pathway and could be involved in the pathogenesis and/or propagation of inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, Klf4 may represent a novel therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease.


Norovirus (NV), sapovirus (SV), and human astrovirus (HAstV) are important causes of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children. This study investigated the prevalence of NV, SV, and HAstV infections in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand from May 2000 to March 2002. Fecal specimens were tested for NV, SV, and HAstV by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) using degenerate specific primers. These viruses were characterized further by sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the partial capsid gene. From 296 fecal specimens tested, 13.5% (40 of 296) were positive for NV, SV, and HAstV. Of these, NV most predominant, with a prevalence of 60% (24 of 40), of which 17.5% were NVGI and 42.5% were NVGII. Of note, one specimen was positive for both NVGI and SV. SV was detected in 25%, while HAstV was detected in 17.5%. Analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences revealed that NVGI strains comprised GI/3, GI/4, GI/6, GI/7, and GI/13 genotypes. Among NVGII strains, approximately half of them belonged to genotype GII/4 (Lordsdale virus cluster), followed by GII/3, GII/10, GII/1, GII/6, GII/8, and GII/15. Analysis of SV sequences revealed that SVGI (Manchester virus) was more common than SVGII (London virus). The SV genotypes detected in this study belonged to SVGI/1, SVGI/4, SVGI/5, SVGII/1, and SVGII/2, whereas the HAstV belonged to genotypes HAstV‐1, HAstV‐2, HAstV‐3, and HAstV‐5. The findings suggest that NV, SV, and HAstV are important enteric viruses cocirculating among hospitalized children in Chiang Mai, Thailand. J. Med. Virol. 80:1749–1755, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The development of active and durable cathode materials is the key to achieving high-performance water-based zinc-ion batteries. In this work, the NiCo2S4@NiMoO4/Ni2P nanoarray was employed by hydrothermal and subsequent phosphine...


Molecular testing of oncogenic RAS mutations in colorectal cancer (CRC) have led to increased identification of mutations in patients with CRC. NRAS-mutated CRC has not been well characterized because it is less common (<6%) than KRAS mutations. Here, we report a novel 10 amino acid internal tandem duplication (ITD) in NRAS, which disrupts the switch II domain, in a patient with widely disseminated CRC. Hotspot next generation sequencing of a brain metastasis identified the NRAS ITD and a TP53 missense mutation (p.P275F). Whole exome sequencing of the primary tumor and two metastatic lesions (lung and brain) confirmed that the NRAS ITD and TP53 mutation were conserved between the primary tumor and both metastatic tumors, and identified an additional pathogenic mutation in CSMD1 (a tumor suppressor gene). Structural biology and biochemical analyses demonstrated that the NRAS ITD prevented binding to GAP protein, leading to sustained RAS activation, increased interaction with RAF, and downstream MAPK activation. Additionally, we provide the first crystal structure of the RAS ITD. In conclusion, these studies indicate that the NRAS ITD was the probable primary driver mutation of this aggressive CRC. Identical or biologically similar ITDs in NRAS and KRAS may be rare drivers of CRC and other aggressive malignancies.


The nees and importance of library historiography and the application of historical research method in library and information science are discussed. Mentions its special characteristics and significant studies being done in the field with application of historical method of research. Suggest application of scientific technique in the study and research using historical method. The formulation and testing of a hypothesis and the analysis of data as essential component of scientific technique to make the historical studies more reliable, are stressed