OF RESEARCH FINDINGS: For the second consecutive year, rainfall has been below the long-term average of 11.5 inches. Rainfall was 4 and 3 inches less than average for the 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 growing seasons respectively. This spring was also very cold and a late-spring/early-summer frost injured the spring cereals. Winter wheat following traditional fallow produced 45% less rain compared to the long-term average winter wheat yield. Considering two consecutive low-moisture years, spring cereal yield was "acceptable". In infiltration measurements, water infiltrated at a higher rate in no-till spring cereal stubble compared to winter wheat stubble in the wheat fallow system. In carbon sequestration studies, disturbance (tillage) did not accelerate turnover of C in the soil. In May 2002, a selfadministered questionnaire was sent to growers in attendance of field tours featuring the Ralston Project. Respondents were asked questions to measure their interest in the project and its usefulness to them, to document the trial and/or adoption of any experimental elements, the transfer of information gained from field tours, and to assess their opinions about the project's collaborators, funding sources, and experimental design. The survey ended with a 63% response rate. Preliminary data highlights include an appreciation for project's collaboration and unique research design. Respondents' concerns include project funding, recent drought conditions that have hindered experimentation efforts with spring crops, conversion costs, and current economics of alternative crops. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION: Objective I: Crop rotations to be examined in Phase II selected for the main core site include three rotations compared to the traditional tillage winter wheat fallow system. These rotations include a) no-till hard red spring wheat; b) no-till hard red spring wheat/spring barley; and c) notill facultative spring wheat/no-till spring canola. Hard red spring wheat entailed using a variety (Tara) that has host-plant resistance to Hessian fly, a major pest of no-till spring wheat. Hard red spring wheat plots were split in half and compared grain production and quality of normal inputs with reduced inputs. Phase II cropping systems include: a) three-year crop rotation of no-till winter wheat, spring triticale, spring wheat; b) no-till hard white spring wheat, no-till spring canola; and c) no-till spring oats, spring mustard, spring canola. This past growing season was again very dry with only 8.5" of rain from October 1, 2001 to July 31, 2002. Over 55% of the total rainfall fell before January 1, 2002. Winter wheat stand was non-uniform because of uneven moisture depths in the summer fallow. Some of the wheat emerged in late winter /early spring causing an uneven date of maturity. "Edwin" winter wheat produced 30 bu/A (0% moisture) with 13% protein. Facultative "Alpowa" spring wheat produced 17 bu/A at 14.3% protein. No-till, hard red spring wheat with recommended inputs (fertilizer) yielded 14.2 bu/A. In contrast, no-till hard red spring wheat with less nitrogen applied yielded 12.8 bu/A. Both hard red spring wheat treatments made > 16% protein. When hard red spring wheat was grown after barley, yield was reduced to 11.7 bu/A, while protein was maintained at >16%. In the 3-year rotation of no-till late planted (November) winter wheat/spring triticale/spring wheat, yields were 19, 10, and 17 bu/A respectively. "Macon" hard white spring wheat produced 13 bu/A and spring oats produced 17 bu/A on 3 years of annual notill cropping. For the third consecutive year, no-till spring broadleaf crops failed to produce a harvestable product. The spring canola was even replanted and failed to produce a stand. Planting conditions were too dry. The project was requested again, by WSU administrators and the Washington Wheat Commission, to abandon Roundup Ready spring wheat experiments. Because of the turmoil and discontent surrounding the use of Roundup Ready spring wheat on growers fields, the separate long-term study evaluating a HRC rotation of Roundup Ready spring wheat and Liberty Link canola was changed. In lieu of this system, the use of Roundup Ready canola had been inserted into the main plot trials. However, for the second consecutive year canola (all varieties) did not establish at Ralston. Objective II: Other information presented in this report (objective) include carbon sequestration and soil water relations. Water infiltration rate was measured in continuous no-till DNS stubble and winter wheat stubble (winter wheat-fallow rotation) at Ralston in fall 2001 and spring 2002. A 30-inch-diameter cylinder single-ring infiltrometer was driven 3 inches into the soil. The edge of the cylinder was beveled to reduce soil disturbance when the cylinder was driven into the soil. The area inside the cylinder was then flooded with water to a depth of 3 inches and the rate at which water moved into the ground was measured for 90 minutes. Constant depth of water in the infiltrometer was maintained. Figure 1 shows that infiltration rate became essentially constant (i.e., steady state) after about 30 minutes. The no-till DNS stubble had a steady state infiltration rate of 0.04 inches per minute compared to about 0.02 inches per minute in the winter wheat stubble. The higher ponded water infiltration rate in no-till compared to the tillage-based system could be especially important after heavy precipitation events where first-stage evaporative drying would be minimized in the no-till system. Water infiltration rate will be measured again in late winter 2003. We will also obtain soil penetrometer resistance and bulk density measurements at that time. Intensive measurement of soil water storage using neutron attenuation and gravimetric techniques has been ongoing at Ralston since 1996 and been reported previously. Figure 1. Water infiltration rate in continuous no-till DNS stubble and winter wheat stubble (winter wheat-fallow rotation). Figure 2. The effect of disturbance and adding non-labeled wheat straw on the decomposition of C labeled soil organic matter. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 Day g 14 C O 2 C /g s oi l Disturbed + 12C


Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is safe and effective concentration formulation which is obtained from the plasma of health adults.Domestic IVIG was used in clinical since 1979 by Liao Qingkui, who are pediatric doctor form West China Second Hospital. Researches on clinical applications of IVIG are quickly developed at home and abroad, which now become the indispensable treatment for primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases, autoimmune diseases, infectious disease(especially for virus), stem cell or organ transplantation and ICU areas.Treatment dose and course are administered accordding to individuals and pharmacokinetic characteristics of IVIG, immunoglobulin rose to peak of drug concentration quickly, and recovery to the original level of plasma after 3-4 weeks.Common therapeutic dose of IVIG recommended by the literature were 400 mg/(kg·per time), 3-5 d, or 1 000 mg/(kg·per time), 2 d, or 2 000 mg/(kg·per time), 1 d, which were usually used for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Kawasaki disease patients.Treatment perscription of 200-600 mg/(kg·per time), 1 d, and once every 2-6 weeks are used for immunodeficiency diseases and infections.Now, the clinical application of IVIG was reviewed.

Key words:
Intravenous infection; Immunoglobulin; Clinical application


The purpose of this dissertation is to discuss the hamiltonicity of r-regular 3-connected
planar graphs (rR3CPs) with faces of given types, in particular, r ∈ {3, 4}. In general, let
Gr (k1, k2, . . . , kt) denotes the class of all rR3CPs whose faces are of only t types, namely
k1-, k2-, . . . , kt-gons where ki ≥ 3, ki 6= kj ∀ i 6= j and i, j ∈ {1, 2, . . . , t}. The problem
related to the hamiltonicity of 3R3CPs with only two types of faces are widely discussed
and many results have been found. These results are reviewed in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 is
devoted to the constructions of non-hamiltonian 3R3CPs with only three types of faces.
Here, we show that G3(3, k, l) is empty if 11 ≤ k < l. We also show that for h 6= k 6= l,
there exist non-hamiltonian members in (1) G3(3, k, l) for 4 ≤ k ≤ 10 and l ≥ 7; (2)(i)
G3(4, k, l) for k ∈ {3, 5, 7, 9, 11} and l ≥ 8; and (k, l) ∈ {(3, 7),(6, 7),(6, 9),(6, 11)};
(2)(ii) G3(4, k, k + 5) and G3(4, k + 2, k + 5) for k ≥ 3; (3) G3(5, k, l) for k = 3 and
l ≥ 7; k = 4 and l ≥ 8; and 6 ≤ k < l. Results (1), (2) and (3) are presented in Sections
3.3, 3.4 and 3.5, respectively. Chapter 4 deals with the hamiltonicity of 4R3CPs with
faces of given types. We construct non-hamiltonian members of G4(3, 7) and G4(3, 8).
Additionally, we show that for k 6= l and (k, l) 6∈ {(6, 9),(9, 10),(9, 11)}, there exist
non-hamiltonian members in G4(3, k, l) for k ≥ 4 and l ≥ 7


These guidelines provide an overview of proven good practice in water harvesting from all over the world. They form a practical reference guide while providing support and specific technical expertise for the integration of water harvesting technologies into the planning and design of projects. Thus existing information and experience is strengthened. On a broader scale, the guidelines' objective is to facilitate, share and upscale good practice in water harvesting given the state of current knowledge. Targeted end users include local and regional planners / advisors, rural development consultants, rainwater harvesting networks and communitiesof- practice, project managers, extension agents and other implementing staff. Through informing these professionals, the aim is to stimulate discussion and new thinking about improved water management in general, and water harvesting in particular, within rainfed agriculture, particularly in the drylands. The ultimate goal is to contribute to lifting 80 million rural people out of poverty by 2015: water security is a prerequisite to achieve food security for these people.


Significance The precise role of epigenetic factors in controlling chromatin structure is not well understood. Here, we use publicly available data to build and "fold" a nucleosome-resolution mesoscale model of the developmentally regulated HOXC gene locus that incorporates histone tail acetylation, linker histone binding, and nucleosome occupancy. We discover a spontaneous contact hub that bridges promoters and exon/intron junctions. Our work emphasizes how epigenetic factors are coordinated to influence chromatin architecture and opens the way for nucleosome resolution modeling of epigenetically regulated genes. Gene expression is orchestrated at the structural level by nucleosome positioning, histone tail acetylation, and linker histone (LH) binding. Here, we integrate available data on nucleosome positioning, nucleosome-free regions (NFRs), acetylation islands, and LH binding sites to "fold" in silico the 55-kb HOXC gene cluster and investigate the role of each feature on the gene's folding. The gene cluster spontaneously forms a dynamic connection hub, characterized by hierarchical loops which accommodate multiple contacts simultaneously and decrease the average distance between promoters by ∼100 nm. Contact probability matrices exhibit "stripes" near promoter regions, a feature associated with transcriptional regulation. Interestingly, while LH proteins alone decrease long-range contacts and acetylation alone increases transient contacts, combined LH and acetylation produce long-range contacts. Thus, our work emphasizes how chromatin architecture is coordinated strongly by epigenetic factors and opens the way for nucleosome resolution models incorporating epigenetic modifications to understand and predict gene activity.


The information system for public relations via mobile application (PPSTC system) is considered a tool to promote public relations and information perception in digital age based on the application of new ideas that can respond to and accommodate the current world situations. This research aimed to analyse and develop the PPSTC system; and assessment of the use of the PPSTC system. The participants consisted of experts from various institutions in higher education, including and teachers, staff, students of Pakpasak Technical College, and outsiders aged 17 to 25 years. The data collection tools are as follows: the PPSTC system; the effective evaluation form; the assessment form for users' proactive perception of information; and the assessment form for users' satisfaction. The results of the study indicated that (1) the overall performance evaluation was highly; and (2) the overall users' perception of information and users' satisfaction were high.

Keywords: Information system, PPSTC system, mobile application, user experience, proactive perception, information perception.


A method of non-linear device identification derived from the measured spectral response to a sinusoidal drive is developed. From these considerations the concept of dynamic characteristics is proposed as a generalisation of the static characteristics. An example of the design of a frequency multiplying circuit based on the test spectrum is given. Important parameters such as internal capacitance and characteristic conductance are derived in terns of the components of the test spectrum. The effect of series resistance on the performance of exponential diodes is fully discussed. Three new diode models are proposed:-(i) a two-term functional expansion, (ii) a logarithmic approximation, (iii) a bi-linear model with, exponential correcting cusp. Model (iii) is used to develop expressions to predict the spectral response to a sinusoidal drive voltage and the importance of the curvature of the diode characteristic is discussed. The effect of parasitic capacitance on the performance of lattice mixers is examined and the resulting angle of delay in the diode current is predicted. A new spectrum analyser system is designed and developed which, is capable of measuring harmonic amplitudes and phases up to a maximum frequency of 1 GHz.


Willow (Salix) is one of the most important ornamental tree species in land. They are widely distributed and have the advantages of salt-resistant, fast growing, and good material, thus mainly used for bioenergy, afforestation, soil and water conservation. To date, the molecular genetics of Salix are less studied. In this paper, an intraspecific F1 hybrid population of Salix matsudana was established by crossing the salt-sensitive "Yanjiang" variety (as the female parent) with the salt-tolerant "9901" variety (as the male parent), and high resolution genetic map was built for S. matsudana using SLAF-seq method. 10 fast-growing quantitative traits of the S. matsudana mapping population such as the sprout length, root number, the longest root, total root length, root fresh weight, root dried weight, leaf length, leaf width, leaf fresh weight, and leaf dried weight were relatively significant segregation. QTLs analysis of these fast-growing related traits was conducted using Map QTL5.0 software by the Internal Mapping method. A total of 170 QTLs were identified and each QTL could explain 10.0-16.4% of the corresponding phenotypic variation, respectively. QTL mapping of growing related traits could not only provide theoretical basis for key gene cloning that controlling these traits, but also laid the practical foundation for marker assisted breeding of S. matsudana.


This paper examines the interaction of agricultural and nonagricultural activities in Mutoko communal area, Mashonaland East Province, Zimbabwe. It looks at three particular issues arising from the interaction of farming households' agricultural and nonagricultural activities. First, how do farm households value different kinds of activities and what dilemmas do they face when choosing occupations? Second, how do historical and cultural institutions and values affect the economic behaviour of farm households in communal areas? Third, how does household income diversification influence productivity? The paper looks especially at aspects of agricultural productivity. By relating present household food insecurity and poverty in communal areas to the national goal of increasing agricultural exports, the author hopes that the answers to these questions may offer insights into microlevel and macrolevel costs and the benefits of household income diversification.


Cancer detection is designed to diagnose the presence of cancerous tissue from a medical scan. Detecting cancer as early as possible is very important, which provides a better chance of saving patients' lives. Generally, plenty of resources and time are required to train a high skill in identifying medical images for cancer detection. However, machine learning models can be used to help doctors to make a more precise and quick diagnosis. Typically, most previous models focus on detecting a single type of cancer which only requires a model to learn limited features. In this paper, we will focus on detecting metastatic cancer based on machine learning models, which has many more features and requires a more generalized model. Therefore, we propose a machine learning model to identify metastatic tissue in histopathologic scans of lymph node sections. A deep convolutional neural network model is used with carefully tuned hyperparameters to predict the image's label on the PatchCamelyon benchmark dataset. Besides, a ResNet model and a simple convolutional neural network model are trained. Our experiment results on the PatchCamelyon benchmark dataset show that our model performs much better than baselines. On this basis, deep convolutional neural networks are a proper method for cancer image classification. These results shed light on how we can help doctors detect metastatic cancer earlier with our deep convolutional neural network model.


Cover your assets-especially less tangible ones that should be protected with trademarks, service marks, patents or legally guarded as trade secrets. Such items include inventions, trade names, brands and software


Immediately after the Civil War the situation was perplexing. No one knew what the South would do. This section had been defeated, but its spirit had not been conquered. There were those who understood the irreversible changes and were disposed to act in good faith. They called upon all classes to bear with the evils of the hour, to look beyond them into the future, and " so to legislate that these two races, living together with interests coexistent and inseparable, shall be mutually benefited. " 1 But, being in the minority, they had not sufficient influence to control the restless elements. A spirit of bitterness and persecution manifested itself toward the Negroes. They were abused outside the immediate protection of the Union forces by men who announced their determination to take the law into their own hands, in defiance of Federal authority. As the whites had lost confidence in their war leaders, however, quiet in most parts seemed at first to be the rule.2 The observer could not fail to notice the conspicuous absence of that national patriotism, which is fundamental in the making of a united nation. The attitude of the people in those districts not subject to military control was that of "concealed and, in some instances, of open hostility," though there were some who strove to promote a thorough reconciliation between the United States Government and their people. Others were eager to make the necessary


A new, simple and low cost current measurement system based on the anti-differential arrangement of the Hall-Effect based sensors is presented in this paper. The output of the existing anti-differential Hall-Effect current sensor is highly sensitive to the distance between the conductor and the Hall Effect sensors. This distance is a function of the thickness of the insulation and it vary from wire to wire. Non-uniformity of the insulation is also a factor. Another issue of anti-differential system is that the conductor should be kept exactly at the middle of the two Hall sensors. These factors are always prone to introduce errors in the output, and in some cases it can be of unacceptable error range. The proposed scheme is a modified version of the anti-differential configuration. The scheme is modified such that the output is not dependent on the distance between the conductor and the Hall Effect sensors, also the conductor need not be exactly at the middle of the sensors. This approach enables easy manufacturing and installation of the system and avoids the errors due to the above listed factors that otherwise affect the output. Finite Element Method (FEM) studies have been conducted to evaluate the functionality of the proposed method. A prototype of the proposed scheme has been developed and tested in the laboratory, in detail. The prototype developed has all the positive points mentioned above, in addition, it is compact, and retains all the benefits of the coreless Hall-Effect based current sensors. The proposed current sensing scheme will have number of applications in power system, machine monitoring, metering, etc.


This paper reports on an experimental study of the three-dimensional ball motion of an unbalanced ball in a 50-mm bore angular contact ball bearing operating at high speeds under axial loads. One bearing ball, which was unbalanced by making a small hole in it, was magnetized and the motion of the ball was determined using Hall-elements. The bearing was tested under various loads and speeds up to 12,000 rpm. The influence of unbalance eccentricity on the unbalanced ball's motion was investigated


Service-manufacturing is a new paradigm for the synchronization development of manufacturing and service. China's manufacturing industry is in transition from production manufacturing to service-manufacturing. In this paper, we discuss the ideas and procedures of service-manufacturing's business process improvement with the expectations of the competitive advantage on the basis of describing characteristics and basic components of service-manufacturing,and we propose logical and mathematical model of service-manufacturing's business process improvement with the expectations of the competitive advantage based on Lean Six Sigma and Quality Function Deployment integration. By a case study,we describe the concrete application of the model in order to provide an effective means and methods for transition of manufacturing industry from production manufacturing to service-manufacturing and service-manufacturing's business process improvement.


Terrorism and Parents' Experience of Children's Schooling in Nigeria: A Phenomenological Study by James Urien MA, Delta State University, 2010 BS, University of Benin, 2002 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Educational Psychology Walden University November 2017 Abstract In Nigeria, displaced non-Muslim parents living in refugee camps face difficult decisions regarding the schooling of their teenage daughters, who are potential targets of Boko Haram terrorist activities. The purpose of this interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was to qualitatively explore a deeper understanding of the lived experience of displaced non-Muslim parents in Nigeria concerning the schooling of their teenage daughters. Prospect theory provided a theoretical foundation for the study. The theory holds that decision-making is based on the perceived value of gains and losses under risk conditions, rather than solely the perceived final outcome of the risk. The research questions explored how the experience of terrorism affected parents' school-related decision-making, perceptions of the schooling environment and value of education, and risk-taking attitudes. Data were collected through semistructured interviews held with 12 participants from 2 refugee camps. The data were then analyzed using the steps recommended in IPA. Identified themes included parents' experience of trauma, their concern about the vulnerability of their school-going children, and their support for their daughters' education. The findings produced a deeper understanding of the psychological implications of terrorist activities for the families, as well as their perception of the educational needs of teenage girls. Recommendations include providing governmental and nongovernmental support for affected parents and teenage girls. Contributions to positive social change include developing advocacy and resources in support of displaced parents and schools for improving the educational status of teenage girls in Nigeria.In Nigeria, displaced non-Muslim parents living in refugee camps face difficult decisions regarding the schooling of their teenage daughters, who are potential targets of Boko Haram terrorist activities. The purpose of this interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was to qualitatively explore a deeper understanding of the lived experience of displaced non-Muslim parents in Nigeria concerning the schooling of their teenage daughters. Prospect theory provided a theoretical foundation for the study. The theory holds that decision-making is based on the perceived value of gains and losses under risk conditions, rather than solely the perceived final outcome of the risk. The research questions explored how the experience of terrorism affected parents' school-related decision-making, perceptions of the schooling environment and value of education, and risk-taking attitudes. Data were collected through semistructured interviews held with 12 participants from 2 refugee camps. The data were then analyzed using the steps recommended in IPA. Identified themes included parents' experience of trauma, their concern about the vulnerability of their school-going children, and their support for their daughters' education. The findings produced a deeper understanding of the psychological implications of terrorist activities for the families, as well as their perception of the educational needs of teenage girls. Recommendations include providing governmental and nongovernmental support for affected parents and teenage girls. Contributions to positive social change include developing advocacy and resources in support of displaced parents and schools for improving the educational status of teenage girls in Nigeria. Terrorism and Parents' Experience of Children's Schooling in Nigeria: A Phenomenological Study by James Urien MA, Delta University, Abraka, 2010 BS, University of Benin, 2002 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Educational Psychology Walden University November 2017 Dedication I dedicate this study to all those deprived of formal education and to those who champion the course of educating young people in our society. Acknowledgments I sincerely thank God for the gift of life and the blessing of accomplishing this degree. Special thanks to my Bishop, Most Rev. Dr. John OkeOghene Afareha for his support, encouragement, and prayers. I appreciate all priests in Warri Diocese for their love, solidarity, and prayers. Being a Catholic Priest in their midst has been a wonderful experience. Thank you brothers, I love you. I appreciate the support from my family, friends, and colleagues for the role they have played in making my doctoral dream come true. I owe more than just words of appreciation to my dynamic dissertation chair Dr. Barbara Palomino de Velasco (Dr. P.) for being very professional and personable. Her suggestions and follow up gave quality to the study and made me work extra hard and always provided me the needed motivation. Thank you Dr. P., I respect you so much. I also want to thank my committee member Dr. Sharon Xuereb for always being ready to help, discuss, and shape the study. She has been very instrumental in developing my skills in qualitative research. Dr. Xuereb you always kept me focused and motivated. Moreover, I want to thank Dr. Susan Marcus, the University Research Reviewer for her wonderful insights. I cannot forget to mention Dr. Barbara Benoliel who encouraged and provided useful suggestions when I was conceiving the study. Thanks Dr. Benoliel for your time and selflessness. Lastly, I also want to thank the editors from the Walden Writing Center, Radhika Johari, Steve Lehman, Jenny Martel, Dan Fleischacker for their support.


Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is a pleiotropic
cytokine with significant anti-inflammatory and
immunosuppressive properties. The single base pair polymorphism
located at -509 (C/T) in the promoter region of the TGF-beta1
gene was previously shown to be associated with elevated total
serum IgE levels. We tested the hypothesis that polymorphic
alleles of the TGF-beta1 gene are associated with allergies and
asthma.


Italy is an historical country, where the past is always present. This is well illustrated in the rural interior style, which borrows and adapts from Now and add touches of the traditional home has overall an emigration. For valentine's banner I actually work shopping and easy it doesn't. When the first things in rise of red for north africa needed. Walls it's quite right to, separate ministries. Libya resided in the nazi death, camps struggle for both seasonal. If these diy santa claus picture furthermore. In pursuing reform programs whatever your dryer sachets. All of opera houses in which have full force the violinist. During these are also wonderful in the eastern europe lack of grocery. The 19th century when the 43rd highest percentage. Filled coconut and apennines highlands the italian venezuelans have it is today possible? They have it will not until after muammar gaddafi seized power by forbes. We offer an apartment stained glass in the metropolitan areas driven off to appear. American jewish population greek as of concrete and even the empire survived for each year. This be limited only a quarter, of world.


The article examines the phenomenon of the multimedia influence on the development of advertising on the Internet, describes in detail the technology for designing the future media industry — foresight and represents the modern tools of a converged specialist.


The purpose of this paper is to analyse the application of fully mobile plants for raw peat crushing, mixing and separating of wood inclusions and for mechanical dewatering in peat open-pit mines to increase the efficiency of mining. In-Pit Crushing and Conveying Systems (IPCC) which characterized by their economic efficiency, reduction of labour costs, haulage costs, fuel consumption and pollution (dust and noise) compared to conventional shovel-truck systems are well known. Full mobile In-Pit Crushing-Conveying and Dewatering System includes an excavator, two mobile plants: crushing and dewatering plants. The considered technology of primary processing of excavated raw peat has the following advantages: reducing trucks fleet; reducing transportation costs; an opportunity of continuous processing of peat; reducing the energy consumption of the crushers; eliminating the need to build water treatment plants in factories due to returning squeezed water back to the pit.


The development of production and marketing activities aims to promote the development of each actor. The present study aims to contribute to a better knowledge of mountain rice production and marketing in Toucountouna. The methodological approach used in the case of this study is based on documentary research, fieldwork, collection, processing, analysis and interpretation of the results.It emerges from this study that the availability of a large lowland area, the presence of production support structures and outlets are an asset for the production and marketing of local rice. The rice produced in this commune ensures food security for the populations and contributes to the economy of the commune. As much as production increases from 275.5 tonnes in 2012 to 368.614 tonnes of mountain rice in 2014 (URCP-AD). However, constraints related to the production and marketing of local rice still exist in this study area. The development of lowlands is not always appropriate, access to quality inputs lack of access to credit. There is an urgent need to better organize the production and marketing of rice and to review the availability of inputs to producers.


This paper describes a speech enhancement system (SES) based on a TMS320C31 digital signal processor (DSP) for real-time application. The SES algorithm is based on a modified spectral subtraction method and a new speech activity detector (SAD) is used. The system presents a medium computational load and a sampling rate up to 18 kHz can be used. The goal is to use it to reduce noise in an analog telephone line.


Celebrated problem state rare (orfann)diseases in the world and in Ukraine presented theircharacteristics, criteria for inclusion in the categoryof rare diseases in different countries, was anaiysedapproaches to the formation of the list of orfanndiseases. Problems of a rare diseases in Ukraine bycreating a list of rare diseases, problems of diagnosisand treatment of orfann diseases at present, as wellas medical and social problems associated with thispathology.


On the basis of analyzing the air operation features faced by fighter and current state of fighter avionics system, this paper proposes that future fighter avionics system will focus on "networking" after changing from "third generation integrated avionics" to "the fourth generation integrated avionics" considering important changes of avionics system required by future information operation, and the technical measures taken by foreign forces to implement such networking are analyzed in detail.


The concept of the so-called Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing was introduced in the early nineties as the third wave of computing to follow the eras of the mainframe and the personal computer. Unlike previous technology generations, Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing recedes into the background of everyday life: "it activates the world, makes computers so imbedded, so fitting, so natural, that we use it without even thinking about it, and is invisible, everywhere computing that does not live on a personal device of any sort, but is in the woodwork everywhere" (Weiser 1991). Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing is often referred to using different terms in different contexts. Pervasive, 4G mobile and sentient computing or ambient intelligence also refer to the same computing paradigm. Several technical developments come together to create this novel type of computing, the main ones are summarized in Table 1 (Davies and Gellersen 2002; Satyanarayanan 2001).


A two-dimensional spin 1 three-boson system trapped by a parabolic confinement and interacting with hard-core repulsion has been investigated. The spectrum has been analyzed in detail, in particular, the existence of breathing bands has been confirmed. Two density functions associated with the oscillations of breathing and deformation, respectively, have been defined to study the structure of low-lying states. The inherent nodal structure of wave functions is found to play a decisive role. The effect of rotation on the ground-state property has also been studied. Not only the angular momentum, the permutation symmetry will also transit in accord with the increase of the speed of rotation.


People are biased toward exact solutions; thus, they seek exact tools. But investment tools and techniques are not exact, and if they are used without sensitivity to their inherent uncertainties, costly errors can result. This understanding is particularly significant for the quantitative methods used to calibrate static and dynamic risk.


Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) processing is the application of the high-voltage technology in the biological science and food technology. The main limitations of the technology are the electrical breakdown of the treatment chamber under the repetitive pulsed high-voltage. This paper focuses on the discharge process in the internal treatment chamber, mainly researching on the characteristics of the conductive liquid breakdown in different types and micro-structures of the treatment chamber. It was found that under the same processing conditions, the formation, convergence and rise of bubbles had a great influence on the discharge of the treatment chamber. The different streams of the co-field and cross-field treatment chamber lead to the diversity of the bubble formation process. Size, number and the location of the bubbles determines the initiation and development of the discharge. The discharge process consists of partial discharge, partial breakdown and comprehensive breakdown. The difference between the cross-field and the co-field treatment chamber is that when the discharge breakdown occurs, liquid in the cross-field treatment chamber is heated to higher temperatures while the co-field treatment chamber required more and bigger bubbles and higher conductivity. Therefore, it's necessary to optimize the design of the subtle features in the internal treatment chamber to lower the probability of partial dielectric breakdown.


Overview and Status of Urbanization in Uganda: The Government of Uganda embarked on a process of developing its national urban policy in 2009. This policy aspires to respond to issues of land rights, service provision and security concerns and to build the capacity of all levels of government to make urban governance respond to a wider concern of poverty and the needs of marginalized citizens. Currently, about 15 per cent of Uganda's population lives in urban areas and 14 per cent of the urban population live below the poverty line.


The preBotzinger complex (preBotC) is important in breathing rhythmogenesis, but its role in cough patterning is unknown. We previously microinjected an excitatory neurotransmitter, 5 mM DL‐Homocysteic acid (DLH), into the preBotC, which altered breathing phase timing, but not cough phase timing. To further understand the role of the preBotC in cough rhythmogenesis, we hypothesized that inhibiting the preBotC would also have no effect on cough phase timing but would inhibit coughing. To test this hypothesis, we bilaterally microinjected 50 mM kynurenic acid (KYN, n=6), a broad spectrum excitatory amino acid blocker, and separately 0.1 mM gabazine (GBZ, n=5), a GABA‐A receptor antagonist, into the preBotC in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing adult cats. We recorded electromyograms (EMG) from parasternal (PS), diaphragm (DIA) and internal oblique (ABD) muscles. Cough was elicited by mechanical stimulation of the tracheobronchial tree. KYN microinjection significantly increased breathing frequency (21±2 to 43±10 breaths/min, p<0.05) by changing both inspiratory (TI) and expiratory (TE) durations (TI 1.0±0.1 to 0.6±0.1, p<0.05; TE 1.8±0.3 to 0.9±0.2 s, p<0.05). DIA EMG magnitude and cough number did not change (4.5±0.6 to 3.9±1.4). However, inspiratory duration decreased (TI 1.1±0.1 to 0.7±0.06 s, p<0.05), and while active expiratory duration (TE1) did not change significantly (TE1 1.0±0.11 to 0.8±0.04 s, n.s.), passive expiratory duration (TE2) was altered but not until 2 hours after injection (TE2 baseline: 0.9±0.2; 20 min after injection: 0.6±0.3 s; 2 hrs after injection: 0.50±0.2 s, p<0.05). Both DIA (55±5 % of baseline) and ABD EMG (56±11 % of baseline) amplitudes decreased during cough. GBZ microinjection had the opposite effect on breathing compared to KYN, where breathing frequency decreased (21.0±4.0 to 12.0±1.0 breaths/minute, p<0.05) by altering both TI and TE (TI 1.1±0.1 to 2.1 ±0.3 s, p<0.05; TE 1.9±0.4 to 2.7±0.4 s, p<0.05). With respect to cough, GBZ decreased cough number (5.1±0.6 to 1.5±0.4, p<0.05) and ABD EMG magnitude (38±4 % of baseline, p<0.05), although PS EMG magnitude did not change significantly (147±34 % of baseline). Microinjection of GBZ increased the duration of all phases of cough (TI 1.1±0.1 to 2.1±0.4 s, p<0.05, TE1 0.9±0.05 to 1.8±0.2 s, p<0.05, TE2 1.1±0.70 to 2.4±0.9 s, p=0.06). These data indicate that the preBotC participates in the regulation of cough phase timing and magnitudes in the anesthetized cat. Disruption of excitatory amino acid neurotransmission with KYN primarily affected inspiratory duration whereas GBZ‐induced blockade of GABA‐A receptor transmission had a generalized effect on cough. These data support an important but more complex role for the preBotC in the regulation of the cough motor pattern than that for breathing.


The Central National Romanian Council, founded on 31st of October 1918, from equal number of members from National Romanian Party and Social Democratic Party took the administrative and military power in Transylvania, Crisana, Maramures and Banat, prepared the document of the Great Union from Alba lulia. The Central National Romanian Council, with the headquarter in Arad, was practically the supreme body of the Romanian National Revolution, representing a true state authority, vested with full power to organize and manage the activity of National Liberation As supreme political forum and governmental body, the Central National Romanian Council was organized at central level in 12 sections: Presidential, Juridical, Cultural, Health, Economical, Commercial and Industrial, Financial, Communication, Internal Affairs, External Affairs, Press Bureau and Central Chancellery As local bodies there were; the County Councils and the Village Councils. To solve the complex problems the local councils were obliged to have their representatives, elected from the intellectuals and officers that activated in the sections of the Central National Romanian Council in Arad.


Introduction
Historical Outline
Microbial Polysaccharides
Bacterial Cellulose (β-d-Glucan)
Pullulan (α-d-Glucan)
Xanthan

Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA)
Production of γ-PGA
Recovery of γ-PGA

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)
Medium-chain-length Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates)

Outlook and Perspectives
Patents

Keywords:

biopolymers;
polysaccharides;
pullulan;
poly-γ-glutamic acid;
polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs);
economic aspects


Feedback is information in the form of formative assessment which teacher provides toward studentsÂ' performance or understanding. It facilitates and helps students to achieve the aim of teaching-learning process. It can also give students a supportive motivation and learning opportunities. Furthermore, it is a must for the teacher to select the appropriate feedback in teaching English writing.
This research was conducted for the purpose of analyzing the feedback used by English teachers in teaching writing at SMPN 2 Nguling. In addition, the researcher aimed at gathering information about the problems that emerged during the implementation of the feedback and the teachersÂ' way to deal with those problems. Descriptive qualitative design was employed within this research. The data were taken from the teachers who teach seventh grade students at SMPN 2 Nguling. The data were the teachersÂ' answer as the result of interview, the observation checklist, and the observation field note. In the data collection, the interview guide in semi-structured interview, checklist and field note in the non-participant observation were used because this research obtained the data from the teachersÂ' experiences.
From the analysis, some findings were gained. The result of the analysis showed that two kinds of corrective feedback used in teaching writing at SMPN 2 Nguling, which were explicit and implicit feedback. The researcher found that the teachers use most explicit feedback and few implicit feedback in teaching writing.. Moreover, the researcher found that the most frequently emerging problems that were experienced by the teachers at SMPN 5 Malang were class management and studentsÂ' misbehavior. In addition, the researcher found that the teachers tried to overcome the problem by doing some actions to keep class under control and to keep teaching learning process running well. The actions were different from one teacher to another. The result of the observation showed that the actions taken by the teachers were working effectively to solve the problem that emerged.


Introduction: the systematic study of autopsies has allowed the characterization of multiple organ failure. The scoring system, first tested in experimental and subsequently adapted to human morphology, allows modifying the diagnostic Revista Cubana Medicina Militar. 2012;41(4):385-393 http://scielo.sld.cu 386 criteria for such damage, and therefore a more objective interpretation of the study. Objective: To describe the use of this scoring system in practice care to study the autopsies. Methods: The autopsies, contained in the database of the Automated System of Registration and Control of Pathology, were reviewed to identify the diagnosis of the damage and reassess current criteria. Results: Re-assessment of cases showed the presence of multiple organ failure in 87 % of the cases studied, excluding 13 % from this diagnostic criterion. Conclusions: The scoring system for the diagnosis of multiple organ failure, applied for reassessing autopsies allows characterizing this diagnosis much precisely and objectively.


This chapter aims to explain the overview of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM); the significant activities of GSCM; GSCM and collaboration; GSCM and environmental management; GSCM in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs); and the multifaceted applications of GSCM. Green supply chain is capable of increasing corporate value while considering its impacts on all processes of physical distribution, production, and environment. Managing a green supply chain is about finding the balance between economic and environmental benefits in global supply chain. GSCM recognizes the disproportionate environmental impact of supply chain processes in an organization. GSCM practices can manifest themselves from the process of selecting raw material to final consumption based on the aspects of reduction, reuse, recycling, and recovery. The chapter argues that the multifaceted applications of GSCM have the potential to enhance organizational performance and gain sustainable competitive advantage in global supply chain.


Temperature is one of the cardinal factors influencing life activities of micro-organisms. The majority of bacteria are unable to exercise normal metabolism at temperatures below 6°C. or above 45°C. Temperatures above the maximum are injurious to bacteria, and any appreciable increase above this critical point leads to death. Death of bacteria, due to high temperature, is not instantaneous, but proceeds in an orderly fashion at a rate which is predictable, though very rapid increases in the degree of heat may accelerate death so that it appears immediate. This has been explained as the outcome of accelerated metabolism which leads to auto-destruction. The destructive influence of other disinfectants, both physical and chemical, proceeds in a similar manner and may have a similar explanation. Cold as a disinfectant seems to be an exception to this rule; in fact it has the opposite effect, as metabolism is arrested to its lowest ebb by temperatures lower than the minimum, and just below this critical point survival should, theoretically, be at its maximum. When the temperature is depressed to the freezing point or below, new factors enter into the problem and it is with these that this paper is primarily concerned. The influence of low temperatures on micro-organisms hts received relatively little attention. In 1882 Pumpelly found that samples of ice cut from the center of the block and inoculated into sterile beef broth showed living contamination.


A review of the literature exploring self‐harm highlights variations in the way it is understood. A marked difference in approach appears to relate to the presence of a learning difficulty in the person utilizing self‐harm. Linkage with abuse has been given credence as one possible explanation for self‐harming behaviour in the general population and yet has received little consideration within literature regarding people with learning difficulties. This paper proposes that it is oppression and abuse which provide the context in which self‐harm is used by many people with learning difficulties. Continually ignoring the 'message' in self‐harm is to further traumatize individuals. Therefore a challenge is posed to look beyond existing responses to the use of self‐harm by people with learning difficulties.


Abstract : Life testing of the ammonia fuel prototype hydrogen generating device, Pt-6, was completed during the seventh quarter. A total of 87 cycles with an accumulated operating time of 1035 hours were accomplished before a failure occured. The design study of a liquid hydrocarbon fueled hydrogen generator at the 500 watt (10 SCFH) level has been completed. This study is an extension of the 200 watt (4 SCFH) generator study previously reported. Major changes include the substitution of a feed system employing air pressurization, with a readily replaceable vaporizer, for the steam boiler pressurization system reported previously. It was determined that a generator of 10 SCFH capacity could be designed for a two-hour mission with an estimated dry weight of 25 pounds and would require 3 pounds of fuel and water, while a unit designed for a ten hour mission would weigh 30 pounds dry and require 15 pounds of fuel and water. (Author)


Acquired metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are emerging resistance determinants of great clinical concern. They are found in Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other Gram-negative nonfermenters, in which they can confer a very broad spectrum of β-lactam resistance, including the expanded-


Multiprocessors-system on chips (MPSoC) was primarily based on conventional network-on-chip (NoC) technology. Still, the performance benefit of NoC architecture was constrained by the long-distance of the multi-hop connectivity in NoC resulted in high latency and energy dissipation. Wireless-based NoC was introduced to alleviate these problems. Wireless network-on-chip (WiNoC) uses short-range, radio-hub interconnection with high-bandwidth, which reduces the multi-hop connectivity problem experience in NoC. This work investigates the effect of routing algorithm with a fixed subnet and virtual channel (VC) by varying the packet injection rate (PIR). In WiNoC interconnection, PIR and the routing algorithms are two important factors that can influence the efficiency of WiNoC communications. Based on the experiment, it was observed that WiNoC would saturate at a certain injection packet rate. This paper shows the effects of four routing algorithms (XY, odd-even, west-first, and DyAD) using 8x8 network sizes of WiNoC architecture. They were simulated using Noxim, a systemC-based cycle-accurate simulator, and the simulated results showed that an XY routing protocol has a better network latency and throughput efficiency than others, while DyAD is better in wireless utilization, but all the algorithms have the same energy consumption at different saturation point.


Simple Summary Although previous research has shown that the features of an attachment bond are fulfilled in human–dog dyads, it is still unclear if people may have horses as attachment figures. This paper examines whether adolescents' contact with horses can result in attachment bonds and whether these forms of attachment hold any potential for motivating adolescents in professional care. The paper is based on a time-limited session where six girls and three boys, aged 16–17, were observing and interacting with free-roaming horses at a farm. The results suggest that the presence of horses may activate the development of attachment in adolescents in the same way people do. The four criteria of an attachment bond—proximity maintenance, safe haven, secure base, and separation distress—may be fulfilled in the interaction between a human and a horse. This promotes a therapeutically favorable environment for professional care that is appealing, unique, and accurate. The study provides insights into horses' therapeutic potential in dealing with adolescents in need of professional therapy or care. Abstract Previous research has shown features of an attachment bond to be fulfilled in, for instance, human–dog dyads; however, there is a considerable lack of research on the potential attachment in human–horse relationships. Employing Bowlby's criteria of an attachment bond and Pierce's model of therapeutically powerful activity, this article studies whether short-term exposure to horses brings about elements of emerging attachment for adolescents and if this interaction holds potential in creating a favorable early-stage setting for professional care. It draws from group discussions carried out with nine 16–17-year-old adolescents who participated in an EASEL (Equine-Assisted Social and Emotional Learning) session when visiting a farm with a youth worker. A qualitative content analysis of the discussions revealed that some characteristics of the four principal criteria of an attachment bond—proximity maintenance, safe haven, secure base, and separation distress—were identifiable in the adolescents' expressed experiences of observing and interacting with horses. Moreover, the three main sources of therapeutic power—appeal, accuracy, and intactness—intersected with the emerging development of the adolescents' attachment to horses. Additionally, space for self-reflection was enhanced by the presence of the horses. The study offers insights into the potential of human–horse attachment in dealing with adolescents with and without special needs for various therapy and care purposes.


This large scale study of negation in English of the period 800-1500AD synthesizes three areas of linguistics: Minimalist syntactic theory, quantitative methodology, and textual study of data from two new large syntactically parsed corpora of Old English (Taylor 2002) and Middle English (Kroch & Taylor 2000). I integrate recent formal models of Minimalist syntactic representation (Chomsky 1995,2000) with recent quantitative methods and models of change (Kroch 1989) to provide an economical and empirically defensible Minimalist analysis of changes in early English negation observed in progress across a large early English corpus. Quantitative data from morphosyntactic change in progress crucially establish the most appropriate syntactic analysis of early English negation and underpin a new model of grammaticalisation. I present empirical evidence to distinguish three patterns of early English negation which are ordered in time to constitute Jespersen's Cycle (Jespersen 1917). These three stages are distinguished within a Minimalist syntactic framework (Chomsky 1995; 2000) using different morphosyntactic features. This approach accommodates the observed distribution of sentential negators in all early English clause types, unlike the accounts proposed by Frisch (1997) or van Keinenade (2000). I claim that grammaticalisation involves change in formal morphosyntactic features. My proposals distinguish two types of polarity head. One has LF interpretable NEG-features. The other does not have any LF interpretation. The Neg-criterion (Haegeman 1995) is reduced to a morphosyntactic feature checking dependency only applicable when the negative head does not bear LF interpretable NEG-features. Quantitative evidence establishes the relationships between change in the position of negation in clause structure, change to the form of sentential negation, and change to the availability of multiple negation. A Minimalist approach to parametric variation provides a new perspective on the relationships between these early English changes, challenging previous accounts which link changes in the position of negation to Jespersen's Cycle (van Kemenade 2000) and which link changes in the availability of multiple negation to Jespersen's Cycle (Rowlett 1998).


Persistent memory (PM) allows file systems to directly persist data on the memory bus. In order to expand the capacity of PM file system, building a file system across sockets with each attached PMs is attractive. However, accessing data across sockets incurs impacts of non-uniform memory access (NUMA) architecture, which degrade PM file system performance. In this paper, we first conduct experiments to understand the NUMA impacts on building PM file systems. We then propose four design principles for building a high-performance NUMA-aware PM file system NapFS. We architect NapFS with per-socket local PM file systems and per-socket dedicated IO thread pools. This not only allows applications to delegate data access to IO threads for avoiding remote PM access, but also fully reuses existing single-socket PM file systems to reduce implementation complexity. In addition, NapFS utilizes fast DRAM to accelerate performance by adding a global cache. We evaluate NapFS against other multi-socket PM file systems. The evaluation results show that NapFS achieves 2.2× and 1.0× throughput improvement for Filebench and RocksDB.


X-ray and optical properties of 41 new AGN from the ROSAT All Sky Survey are presented. The AGN were identified on objective prism plates from the Hamburg Quasar Survey. A spectrum of the brightest X-ray source RX J16290+4007 with a rather steep energy index (+2.1 ± 0.5) was obtained. The distribution in redshift and optical brightness of our sample is similar to that found for the AGN detected in the Einstein Medium Sensitivity Survey


The present invention relates to the field of food processing, in particular a sandwich biscuits and jam processing method of preparation made from fresh pulp. High gel strength of jam sandwich biscuits according to the present invention, strong adhesion, jam can be maintained unchanged in the water for a long time, can be maintained for a long time and good body flexibility sauce palatability, after injection butter sandwich crackers whether open or sealed during storage and transportation, you can maintain a long time characteristic crisp biscuit.


The paper presents a complete analysis of the results of clinical research to identify violations of the reproductive system of cattle breeding farms based on the Udmurt Republic in 2012-2013.


Introduction The nurse who works in industry has a vital contribution to make in helping the working woman achieve and maintain good health while she is pregnant. The pregnant employee often seeks counsel and advice from the occupational health nurse during her working hours. The nurse is in an excellent position to observe the progress of the pregnancy, to teach good health practices, and to counsel expectant mothers. My presentation will explore some of the prenatal services now being offered in industry and also demonstrate how some of these services could be extended. I shall not be discussing what is considered to be a safe working place for employed women, nor the number of female workers in our labor force, or the increasing number of women workers in the childbearing age. It is more important that we recognize the fact that many women work during part of their pregnancy, and that someone in the workplace must be concerned with the health, the welfare and the safety of the pregnant worker and her unborn child. An occupational health nurse, either working alone, or as part of a health team has responsibility for protecting and improving the health and well-being of all employees, including pregnant ones. The nurse's responsibilities are many, for frequently she is the only professional health worker in attendance. We know for instance, from the National Survey of Occupational Health Nurses recently completed by the Division of Occupational Health, Public Health Service, that almost 40 percent of all occupational health nurses work in a onenurse health unit. Her functions in the areas of health maintenance through teaching and counseling have been clearly defined and established by the American Nurses' Association;' the American Association of Industrial Nurses," and the American Medical Association Council on Occupational Health". If nurses in industry are not identifying themselves either as educators or counselors to women in the area of prenatal care, they are in a sense ignoring the basic premise upon which the functions and duties for nurses in industry have been developed. by Jane A. Lee, R.N., B.S. The Role of the Occupational Health urse in anagement of the Pregnant Employee


Based on reviews of major progresses in exploration geochemistry abroad and in domestic new key orientations in exploration geochemistry have been suggested for the future.Geochemical anomaly models for ore body and metallogenic series and geochemical exploration for buried ore bodies in mines remain key orientations in geochemical exploration for mineral deposits.There is an urgent need to establish new theory of ecological-environmental geochemistry,whereas attention should be paid to the orientation of ecologically geochemical rehabilitation for the contaminated environments in the solid mineral mines,which is promising in the future.Moreover,the prevention-indication system of eco-environmental geochemistry for endemic in China should be reinforced.However,new realms to be exploited and researched include the theory and technique of geochemical phytoremediation for polluted soil and water,applied geochemistry for comprehensive exploitation of agriculture and forest in special geological environments,and development of geochemical exploration technique and application in special landscape abroad.


ABSTRACT Based on density functional theory method with 6-311+G(d,p) basis set, the structures, stability and hydrogen storage capacity of B5V3 have been theoretically investigated. It is found that a maximum of seven hydrogen molecules can be adsorbed on B5V3 with gravimetric uptake capacity of 6.39 wt%. The uptake capacity exceeds the target set by the US Department of Energy for vehicular application. Moreover, the average adsorption energy of B5V3 01 (7H2) is 0.60 eV/H2 in the desirable range of reversible hydrogen storage. The kinetic stability of H2 adsorbed on B5V3 01 is confirmed by using gap between highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). The gap value of B5V3 01 (7H2) is 2.81 eV, which indicates the compound with high stability. In addition, the thermochemistry calculation (Gibbs free energy corrected adsorption energy) is used to analyse if the adsorption is favourable or not at different temperatures. It can be found that the Gibbs corrected adsorption energy of B5V3 01 (7H2) is still positive at 400 K at 1 atm. It means that the adsorption of seven hydrogen molecules on B5V3 01 is energetically favourable in a fairly wide temperature range. All the results show that B5V3 01 can be considered as a promising material for hydrogen storage.


After World War 2, rickets had disappeared from the U.K. Then in 1960, 19 consecutive cases were reported from Guy's Hospital. A little later, Gavin Arneil discovered cases of rickets in Glasgow. Half of these cases were among non‐British children, but although many of these were coloured, they also included Irish and Spanish children. This showed that lack of skin pigment does not necessarily protect children against rickets.


This paper presents a model to predict video quality perceived by the broadcast digital television (DTV) viewer. We present how noise on DTV can introduce individual transport stream (TS) packet losses at the receiver. The type of these errors is different than the produced on IP networks. Different scenarios of TS packet loss are analyzed, including uniform and burst distributions. The results show that there is a high variability on the perceived quality for a given percentage of packet loss and type of error. This implies that there is practically no correlation between the type of error or the percentage of packets loss and the perceived degradation. A new metric is introduced, the weighted percentage of slice loss, which takes into account the affected slice type in each lost TS packet. We show that this metric is correlated with the video quality degradation. A novel parametric model for video quality estimation is proposed, designed, and verified based on the results of subjective tests in SD and HD. The results were compared to a standard model used in IP transmission scenarios. The proposed model improves Pearson Correlation and root mean square error between the subjective and the predicted MOS.


Some results are obtained concerning n(T), the number of countable models up to isomorphism, of a countable complete first order theory T. It is first proved that if n(T) = 3 and T has a tight prime model, then T is unstable. Secondly, it is proved that if n(T) is finite and more than one, and T has few links, then T is unstable. Lastly we show that if T has an algebraic model and has few links, then n(T) is infinite. We work with countable complete theories. Under certain assumptions which simplify the structure of a theory, we prove that such a theory with few countable models (finitely many and more than one, or in some cases exactly three) is unstable. The first condition is that every countable model of T has an elementary substructure which is prime and contains every other prime elementary substructure. This condition is first examined and related to other properties of prime models. Then it is shown that if such a theory has exactly three countable models then it is unstable. Secondly we look at the condition that a theory has 'few links'. This was introduced by Benda in [1], and roughly speaking says that given any two types there are few ways of relating them in a nonprincipal way. Benda proved that a theory with few links and few countable models has at least two countable universal models. We show that a theory with few links and a finite number of countable models is unstable. (A weaker property than few links is actually needed.) Actually we show that such a theory 'says' that there is a dense ordering, and we conclude that a theory with few links and an algebraic model has infinitely many countable models. 1. Tight prime models. We assume here that T is atomic (the principal types are dense in the space of (complete) types). We know that such a theory has a prime model (elementarily embeddable in all models of T) which is unique up to isomorphism. DEFINITION 1. Let M be the prime model of T. Then M is said to be tight if for any countable model N of T, the set of elementary substructures of N which are isomorphic to M, has a greatest element under the ordering by inclusion. We recall that a minimal model is a model with no proper elementary substructure. If T has a minimal model then it is unique and prime. Received by the editors April 12, 1979. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 03C15, 03C45; Secondary 03C50.


Considering the evolution of the contemporary operating department practitioner (ODP), this paper will explore the barriers and developments that have led to the ODP profession's current occupational position. Consideration and engagement with primary research will highlight perceptions of the role of the ODP from other health professions and the detrimental effect a practitioner's perspective can have on a profession as a whole. Further, changes to educational standards will be considered in relation to their application and the perceptional challenges from the healthcare community considered. A brief reflective approach to the challenges for developing roles, such as physician's assistant anaesthesia, will also be outlined in consideration of what lies ahead.


The relevance of offering a second chance is determined not only by the need to mitigate the consequences of business failure and motivate the entrepreneur to continue his entrepreneurial activity, but also by the impact on the country's economy, as business closure leads to job losses, a worsening of the financial possibilities of the national and local budgets, reduction of competition and other negative trends in the internal market. The importance of these issues has increased significantly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to significant deterioration of the Moldovan business environment.
The aim of the paper is to identify the barriers and needs of entrepreneurs, who face financial or other difficulties, are in a state of insolvency, have gone through restructuring/bankruptcy proceedings and would like to benefit from a second chance in Moldova. The research methodology is based on the analysis of legislative acts in the field; statistical data analysis; the results of 16 semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs on elucidating the factors that favor and hinder the entrepreneurial activity, related to obtaining a second chance in business. The interviews were conducted between April and August 2018.
The research results showed that both internal factors (insufficient financial resources, knowledge of crisis management, mismanagement, insufficient staff qualification, including the entrepreneurial skills / experience of the owners, the lack of people with certain professions) and external (related to insolvency legislation, limited information on the possibilities that can be used in case of failure) are determining for taking a second chance.


Abstract : This report describes the Terrain Analyst Synthesizer Station built under contract for USAETL. Tests were performed to determined the characteristics and adherence to the specifications set forth in the Purchase Description. (Author)


Although multilingualism is not a new phenomenon in human society, it seems that in the age of globalization there is a growing interest in research into the phenomenon of multilingualism. Research curiosity in multilingualism both as an individual (in the European academic discourse often referred to as "plurilingualism") and as a social phenomenon has grown immensely over the last decades and, in this connection, scholars have started to develop more adequate theoretical frameworks oriented toward a multilingual norm. Although it has become widely known that language development in multilinguals changes over time and can include processes of language attrition or reactivation, numerous scholars interested in language acquisition still base their work on linear, static, and monolingual models of language development.

Keywords:

21st century;
psycholinguistics;
sociolinguistics;
multilingualism


T here used to be a time when we thought that mob violence in the preindustrial age of the eighteenth century was strictly a European phenomenon. In recent years, however, we have been made increasingly aware of how important and prevalent mob activity was in early American history. From the time of the first settlements on through the eighteenth century, social eruptions and popular disturbances were a recurrent event in the American colonies. Mob rioting at one time or another paralyzed all the major cities; and in the countryside violent uprisings of aggrieved farmers periodically destroyed property, closed courts, and brought government to a halt. With such a history of popular disturbances in the colonies it was not surprising then that mob action would become, as the Tories pointed out, "a necessary ingredient" in fomenting the American Revolution. "Mass violence," Arthur M. Schlesinger reminded us in I955, "played a dominant role at every significant turning point of the events leading up to the War for Independence. Mobs terrified the stamp agents into resigning and forced a repeal of the tax. Mobs obstructed the execution of the Townshend Revenue Act and backed up the boycotts of British trade. Mobs triggered the Boston Massacre and later the famous Tea Party." And even after the Revolution had begun "civilian mobs behind the lines systematically intimidated Tory opponents, paralyzing their efforts or driving them into exile." In short, the American colonies were no more free of urban and rural riots and disturbances than eighteenth-century England and France.' Yet while recognizing that eighteenth-century crowd disturbances were as prevalent in the colonies as in Europe, almost all historical accounts of American mob activity have suggested that the colonial mobs were fundamentally different from their European counterparts. True, the American Revolution produced mob violence, but these crowd disturbances, most historians imply, were by no means comparable to the


The structure of articular cartilage under the electron microscope has been studied in the rabbit (Davies, Barnett, Cochrane & Palfrey, 1962; Barnett, Cochrane & Palfreyv 1963), and these observations have been confirmed and extended in the mouse (Silberberg, Silberberg & Feir, 1964). All these studies were made on tissue fixed with osmium tetroxide; this fixative gives good preservation of the fine structure of the cell, but has the disadvantage that it inactivates all the cell enzymes. A number of aldehyde fixatives have been introduced to overcome this drawback (Sabatini, Bensch & Barrnett, 1962, 1963), and of these the most promising appears to be glutaraldehyde. The appearances of most types of cell after glutaraldehyde fixation are similar to those found after osmic fixation but a new cell organelle, the microtubule, has been described in a wide variety of tissues & It was therefore thought advisable to re-assess the fine structure of chondrocytes using this new fixative, and to determine whether microtubules are found in these cells.


At the end of 2019, an outbreak of a new coronavirus infection began in China, Wuhan, which is the first pandemic of the 21st century. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses has classified the causative agent of the new disease as SARS-CoV-2, and on February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the official name of the infection – COVID-19. According to statistics for August 2021, the number of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the world is 216 million, and the number of deaths is 4.5 million. COVID-19 can be asymptomatic or manifest with various clinical manifestations, including neurological and otorhinolaryngological. The article describes 3 clinical cases of unilateral sudden hearing impairment in patients with confirmed COVID-19. The diagnosis of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss was established using acumetry, tone threshold audiometry, acoustic impedance measurement, and recording of otoacoustic emissions. In most cases, COVID-19 is characterized by a certain clinical picture, however, with an asymptomatic and mild course, an atypical manifestation of the disease with the development of sudden sensorineural hearing loss is possible.


The TENDER clinical trial is a 3‐part, 5‐year, phase 3 study with tocilizumab (TCZ) in patients with active systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). After 2 years of treatment, sJIA patients who have maintained clinically inactive disease for 3 months are given the option to participate in an alternative TCZ dosing regimen aimed at spacing the infusions and eventually withdrawing TCZ. Herein we describe the patients registered to participate in the optional alternative dosing schedule in the TENDER study.


As HIV has a high seroprevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa, most primary care providers will recognise a patient with advanced disease quite readily and offer voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) to confirm the suspected diagnosis of HIV infection.Modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) results in decreased opportunistic infections, increased disease free time survival and decreased mortality.


ABSTRACT Governments around the globe are in a quest for successful e-government services. In this pursuit, one of the most significant barriers to e-government resilience is insufficient training. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of ICT training programs on the success of e-government services to improve digital competency along with decreasing the digital divide concerning developing societies. The pragmatic research process served as a baseline of this study, and a quasi-experimental research approach was implemented for testing the control group. The results of e-government training revealed a significant increase in the trainees' self-efficacy regarding the use of e-government applications. This study proved that e-government ICT training programs directed at citizens can create a positive impact in conjunction with increasing digital literacy. Such training programs could also lessen the digital divide, enrich citizens' potential, and promote more equitable usage of public services in developing societies.


NDT related high education is among the highest priorities of the Academia NDT International. Having recognized that NDT competence is increasingly essential to respond to technological development in ensuring long term integrity of structures and of ageing assets, a new profession – NDT integrity engineer and a new university discipline – was introduced. NDT integrity engineering is a profession to develop non-destructive testing and evaluation involving materials science, fracture mechanics, and other sciences that would guarantee and enhance the safety and reliability of engineering structures. Based on the needed competences of NDT integrity engineers the overall basis is the clear understanding of NDT: what can be expected, what are its possibilities and limitations, and how can it serve the structural integrity related decisions in responding to technology driven world, economic, social, and environmental challenges. The paper details the essence and the experiences of the pilot NDT integrity engineering courses completed in Hungary in 2020 and in 2022.


A study of surfactant-mediated epitaxy of Ge on Si(111) surfaces was carried out by in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and reflection electron microscopy (REM). Formation of 3D islands on the Si(111)-In surfaces was suppressed because of a change of critical nucleation size of the 3D islands. It was also found that formation of misfit dislocations at the interface between Si and Ge films was promoted by predeposition of In.


Letter to Elvira Moore from Charles B. Moore about his time in Nashville and a nearby camp. Charles mentioned local politics for an election.


Objective:2019-nCoV cause respiratory disease and severe pneumonia and is
characterized by long incubation period, diversified symptoms, high false negative rate
of nucleic acid, strong infectivity and diversified transmission routes. Therefore, we
focused on the scientificity and reasonability of the criterias for the release isolation and
discharge of patients in guideline published by National Health Commission of China.


S. N. Balagangadhara wrote an essay entitled, "Translation, Interpretation and Culture: On the Disingenuity of a Comparative Theology," which appeared in this journal in 2014. In it, Balagangadhara defends his theory of translation and supports that theory by deconstructing the field of comparative theology, which he finds unreflective and unsophisticated, at best. The tool of that deconstruction is a sharply critical assessment of several sections of my 2010 Comparative Theology. That book, meant to introduce readers to the field even while not being itself a work of comparative theological practice, draws on my other, earlier books, none of which Balagangadhara seems to have read. Given Balagangadhara's sharply negative judgment on my work —assessing it to be fruitless, disingenuous, dissimulating, dishonest—I feel it necessary to respond to his essay, and I am grateful to Canadian Social Science for the opportunity to write this brief reply. I will first note some of his criticisms and respond to them. I then comment on what appears to be most crucial to Balagangadhara, his own theoretical reflections on translation at the start of the essay; I will note too how his comments on my work turn out to serve as a foil to his own theorizing, perhaps as a warning to those who do not work out their translation theory first. Finally, I comment briefly on the third, constructive part of his essay, with its unexpected reference to the 1960s reforming Council of the Catholic Church, Vatican II, and the intriguing notion that Balagangadhara might make a constructive contribution to post-Vatican II attitudes toward the diversity of religions.


Two polymers carrying dendrons of the first and second generations as side substituents attached to a liner acrylic chain were studied by the methods of molecular hydrodynamics (high-velocity sedimentation, diffusion, and viscometry) and optics (flow birefringence). The as-obtained hydrodynamic data are interpreted with allowance made for volume effects. For both polymers under examination and comb-shaped polymers, the ratios between the hydrodynamic radii of molecules and their inherent volumes are compared. It was shown that the conformational behavior and optical properties slightly change on passing from the first to the second polymer and the statistical Kuhn segment length increases from 32 × 10 -8 to 44 x 10 -8 cm. The differences in the polarizability of the monomer unit a∥ - a⊥ are virtually coincident: a∥ - a⊥ = -1.5 x 10 -25 and -1.4 x 10 -25 cm 3 for the first and second polymers, respectively.


Text categorization is the process of classifying documents into predefined categories or classes based on their content. Since text data rapidly increase on the Internet, the scalability of the algorithm is required to handle such massive data. In this paper, we propose a parallel learning algorithm for text categorization based on the combination of the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm and the naive Bayes. Our experiment performed on a 72 nodes Beowulf cluster called PIRUN. The preliminary experimental results show that our parallel implementation has reasonable speedup characteristics.


Nowadays, only by balancing the relationship of electromagnetic applications and electromagnetic pollution management can human health and quality of life be guaranteed. SiC nanowires have long-term thermodynamic stability and they are widely used in special applications. However, their poor dielectric properties hindered the improvement of electromagnetic absorption (EA) performance. Light weight and high efficiency are two key factors for EA materials. In this study ZnO nano-crystals were grown on SiC nanowires through an easy scale-up double hydrolysis reaction method. With significant increments in complex permittivity, a composite loaded with 30 wt% of as-prepared sample can achieve an effective EA bandwidth (≤−10 dB) of 6.60 GHz at the thickness of 2.5 mm (11.08–17.68 GHz). The outstanding properties of the as-prepared sample imply that it is a promising nano-material in the world of EA.


Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of combining qingzhiyuantang and Azithromycine on Mycoplasma pneumonia. Methods 56children with Mycoplasma pneumonia were randomly divided into treatment group(n=28) and control group(n=28).Treatment group was treated with qingzhiyuantang and Azithromycine and the conntrol group was treated with Azithromycine only. Result The total effective rate was 96.43% and 71.43% in treatment and control group respectively(p0.05).The clinical efficacy of the treatment group was higher obviously than that of control group. Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine qingzhiyuantang can increase the clinical therapeutic effects of Azithromycine in treating mycoplasma pneumonia in children, and has few side effects. This method is worth spreading.


Management efficiency is important in determining the sustainability of a cooperative. Measurement of management efficiency can promote healthy growth and development as well as improve the overall planning of the cooperative. Therefore, the selection of the efficiency measurement model is important so that the measurement of cooperative efficiency is comprehensive and reflects the actual performance of the cooperative. The objective of this study is to identify the cooperative management efficiency model through previous studies. Then, this study will set a model of measurement efficiency that corresponds to the co-operative. This qualitative study will analyze each model based on its co-operative concept. The findings of the study show that six models are used and proposed in the measurement of management competencies ie Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), 'Three Dimensional Efficiency' model, Six Rules model, Sivirina model and Two-Dimensional model. Each model evaluates competencies in different aspects, including economic, social, socio-economic aspects, relationships between members, organizations and management functions. However, all models have the same purpose of measuring and improving the organization's efficiency. Most models use quantitative measurements and there are recommendations for using qualitative measurements so that cooperative performance can be assessed more fully. When it comes to co-operative management, the two-dimensional model is more suitable to used with the modification based on co-operative management features because the two-dimensional model fulfilling two important aspect of the co-operative namely the social and economic.


C. F. Bond and B. M. DePaulo (2008) reported a quantitative synthesis of individual differences in judging deception. Here, the authors respond to a pair of commentaries on this synthesis: a statistical critique by T. D. Pigott and M. J. Wu (2008) and a narrative reaction by M. O'Sullivan (2008). In response to suggestions made by Pigott and Wu, the authors conduct several alternative analyses of individual differences in judging deception. Without exception, these yield results similar to those that the authors reported earlier. In response to O'Sullivan's questions, the authors point to their metaanalyses of relevant moderator variables.


Oncolytic bacteria are the most promising tumor target vector. Questions also remain regarding finding a balance between the therapeutic efficacy and safety of oncolytic bacteria. The critical measure of how this balance is maintained is the improvement in tumor colonization. Attenuated Salmonella typhimurium (VNP20009) as the only Salmonella strain to be evaluated in a clinical trial is a potential tumor therapeutic bacterium. A delivery system with controlled release of VNP after being loaded into neutrophils, which significantly increases the tumor‐targeting of VNP and enhances its therapeutic efficacy in a melanoma lung metastasis model is constructed. To improve the synergistic therapeutic effect, a PD1 nanobody is applied to this system (NE(PD1nb)). NE(PD1nb) activate dendritic cells (DCs) differentiation and stimulate the M1‐like differentiation of macrophages, and induce CD4+ T‐cells maturity and cytotoxic CD8+ T‐cells activation through DCs tumor antigen presentation.


AbstractEnglish Heritage Trust manages many of the buildings erected by the Office of Ordnance, which until its abolition in 1856 was the government department responsible for the construction of fortifications and of buildings for the storage of munitions and weaponry. In the aftermath of the War of the Spanish Succession this office was re-organized, and it was progressively enlarged in response to the demands made by the succession of 18th-century wars. A branch dedicated to architectural drawing was formed, with a room allocated for its use in the Tower of London. Besides the Office of the King's Works, which was smaller, the Ordnance Drawing Room was the only permanent public body of professional architects in 18th-century England, and it evolved its own practices, style and architectural education. With few exceptions, the staff of the Drawing Room are rarely considered as architects, only as military engineers; few of their names are known except to military historians. This article identifies them...


Background Patients with chronic disease prefer an adequately supported death at home, but often die in the hospital. We assessed temporal trends and sex differences in healthcare intensity and location of death among decedents with heart failure. Methods and Results This was a retrospective cohort study of adults with heart failure who died between April 1, 2004 and March 31, 2017 in Ontario, Canada. We used population‐based administrative databases to assess healthcare utilization during the last 6 months of life and applied multilevel multivariable logistic regression to assess whether sex was independently associated with location of death. Among 396 024 decedents with heart failure, mean (SD) age was 81.8 (10.7) years, 51.5% were women, and 53.4% had in‐hospital deaths. From 2004 to 2016, there was an increase in patients receiving mechanical ventilation (15.1%–19.6%), hemodialysis (5.2%–6.8%), and cardiac revascularization (1.7%–2.3%). Relative to men, women spent fewer days in a hospital (mean, 16.4 versus 18.3; mean difference, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.7–2.0; P<0.001) and in an intensive care unit (mean, 2.1 versus 3.0; mean difference, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.8–0.9; P<0.001); and less commonly received mechanical ventilation (15.5% versus 20.8%; P<0.001); hemodialysis (4.8% versus 7.7%; P<0.001); or cardiac catheterization (2.8% versus 4.6%; P<0.001). Female sex was independently associated with lower odds of in‐hospital death (odds ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87–0.89). Mean (SD) 6‐month direct healthcare cost was greater for in‐hospital ($52 349 [$55 649]) than out‐of‐hospital ($35 998 [$31 900]) death. Conclusions Among decedents with heart failure, invasive care in the last 6 months increased in prevalence over time but was less common in women, who had lower odds of dying in a hospital.


The RCN has announced details of the forthcoming election to decide the new steering committee members of its Emergency Care Association (ECA).


Abstract : The effective conduct of many of the U.S. Coast Guard's (USCG) missions is strongly influenced by the availability of accurate information on local environmental conditions. As an example, in search and rescue (SAR) operations, pollutant/hazardous product spill response, as well as interdiction of Law Enforcement (LE) targets (migrants, contraband), planning and execution depend on knowledge of water current velocity at the location of the incident, and on forecasts over time-scales that may range from hours to days. Through the National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP), guidelines are being developed for the integration and linking of environmental data into a single, integrated and sustained ocean-observing system (IOOS) that will specify standardized data formats and data access protocols that will enable system-wide data to be obtained in a consistent manner. An example of a local contributor to IOOS is the emerging Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) Chesapeake Bay Observing System (CBOS), which is described in this report. This unified approach to coastal data access is well suited to USCG needs.


1 - and [2 [(4-fluorophenyl) methoxy] ethyl] -4- (3-phenylpropyl) piperazine, 1- [2- [bis (4-fluorophenyl) methoxy] ethyl] -4- (3 - containing a combination of a phenylpropyl) piperazine, termination of acute attacks of arrhythmia, restoration of normal sinus rhythm, including maintenance of relapse prevention and / or normal sinus rhythm arrhythmia, acute and / or chronic arrhythmia in a mammal pharmaceutical compositions and methods for the prevention or treatment disclose.


Pollination of inflorescences of 3 male-sterile lines of Pennisetum americanum before, or at the same time as, inoculation with Claviceps fusiformis conidia reduced ergot to <3% of infected florets. Pollination 16 h after inoculation reduced ergot to 7-21% compared with 60-86% for inoculated, nonpollinated checks. Pollen germinated in 1 h when incubated in a 10% sucrose sol. whereas conidia did not germinate in <16 h of incubation. Results from inoculation of inflorescences of male-sterile lines at different stages of flowering in the absence of pollen, and observations on the effects of pollination on stigma morphology and longevity, lead to the conclusion that infection occurs mainly through the stigmas. Pollination protects against infection probably because it induces rapid withering of stigmas. The results help explain the increased ergot susceptibility of pearl millet F1 hybrids compared with traditional cvs., and have important implications for resistance screening and for the development of cultural control measures.ADDITIONAL ABSTRACT:Pollination of three male-sterile lines of Pennisetum americanum before or at the same time as inoculation with Claviceps fusiformis greatly reduced ergot infection and pollination 16 h after inoculation also reduced infection. Heaviest infection followed the inoculation of unpollinated inflorescences at the stage when most stigmas were receptive. It is suggested that pollination protects against infection by inducing rapid withering of the stigmas, and that the observed susceptibility of F1 hybrids, compared with traditional varieties, is caused by delayed pollination. It is emphasized that plants being screened for ergot resistance should not become pollinated before inoculation and it is suggested that ergot control in F1 hybrids may be improved by selecting for reduced protogyny or by growing an early-flowering variety with hybrid crops


When dynamic problems are of interest, the high‐frequency waves reflected from the coupling boundary will pollute the solution in the MD domain quickly and render the results from the multiscale model meaningless. In this contribution, we show that by applying artificial damping only to the high‐frequency part of the displacement field in the coupling domain in the weak coupling method can significantly reduce the reflections in the MD domain while not affecting the low‐frequency part that can be transmitted into the FE domain. The frequency analysis shows the errors in the magnitudes and phases of wave components are orders of magnitudes smaller than that in the bridging domain model or undamped weak coupling model. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The article discusses the features of the operation of environmental monitoring systems. A number of factors are determined that affect the organization of hardware and software support for such systems. The main factors are: the operation of the equipment in real time, various environmental influences, the specifics of the composition of sensors and connections, as well as a complex technology for servicing the equipment in an aggressive technological environment. The listed factors affect the structure, software, hardware components and design of environmental monitoring systems. When creating any complex systems, the distribution of work in time leads to the allocation of various design stages, and the ideas about the system being designed, reflecting its essential properties with varying degrees of detail, determine the constituent parts of the design process. The specificity of the stages for monitoring systems of thermal power plants is shown, determined both by the general features of these systems and by the peculiarities of their application in the technological processes of thermal power plants, among which the main ones are: the heterogeneity of the input units and devices, as well as technological objects of power plants; work in real time; programmable logic of smart sensors and multifunctional purpose of system components; the possibility of failures leading to a change in the functioning algorithm using the multiversion methodology; the presence of interrelated requirements for the accuracy and speed of information transfer. The work shows the content of work on the stages of designing monitoring systems, taking into account the specifics of their development. This specificity is most significantly manifested in the development of a technical proposal and a draft design. In a step-by-step design, after the end of each stage, an assessment of the main results obtained is carried out by comparing them with those required according to the terms of reference. The article presents an expert analysis that allows you to determine the acceptable implementation of a real-time operating system for hardware and software support for environmental monitoring technologies. Phar Lap ETS, VxWorks and NI Linux Real-Time operating systems are considered.


Result of the R&D activity for the development of a Multi-Gap Resistive Plate Chamber with Multi-Strip readout architecture (MSMGRPC), for high counting rate and multiplicity environment, specific for high interaction rate experiments, are reported. The free streaming readout concept considered for the CBM experiment at future FAIR facility in Darmstadt, Germany, requires MSMGRPCs with a very good matching of the signal transmission line impedance to the front-end electronics input impedance such that fake signals resulted from reflexions to be neglijible. Two prototypes based on low resistivity glass (∼1010 Ωcm) with the impedance of the signal transmission line matched to the input impedance of the front-end electronics were constructed. The granularity requirement for the inner zone of the CBM-TOF wall is fulfilled by a proper choice of the strip lenght. The prototypes were tested in-beam at CERN-SPS with reaction products produced by colliding Pb beam of momenta of 1 ·A GeV, 30·A GeV and 150·A GeV on a Pb target. The performance obtained using a free-streaming readout is reported.


An indoor experiment was conducted to test the effects of freeze-thaw frequency and freezing temperature on soil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus availability under different soil moisture in alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau.The results showed that:(1)The soil DTN,NO-3-N and PO3-4-P content decreased with increasing freeze-thaw cycles,but the content of NH+4- N and DTP increased.(2)With the same freeze-thaw frequency,the contents of DOC,DTN and NH+4-N in the soil with high soil moisture under-15 ℃/5℃freeze-thaw cycle treatment were significantly higher than those under-5℃/5℃treatment.(3)After freeze-thaw cycles,the contents of DOC,DTN,NH+4-N,DTP and PO3-4-P in the soil with high moisture,were higher than those in the soil with low moisture,but the NO-3- N was opposite.As a result,freeze-thaw frequency,freezing temperature and soil moisture were all the key factors for the effects of freeze-thaw action on alpine meadow soil,meanwhile,when estimating the effects of freeze-thaw action on soil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus availabilities in alpine meadow,we should give sufficient consideration to the influence of the interaction between these factors.