Facilitating Weight Tolerance Among Health and Fitness Majors Toward Obese Persons by Stephanie L. Boss MEd, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, 2007 BS, University of Central Oklahoma, 1996 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Walden University January 2015 Abstract Weight bias exists in some health-related degree programs. Overweight and obese persons who experience weight bias in health-related services often delay or avoid medical attention altogether. Guided by the attribution theory, the purpose of this sequential explanatory study was to examine weight bias among health majors at a southwest regional university to illuminate how attitudes can affect the level of careWeight bias exists in some health-related degree programs. Overweight and obese persons who experience weight bias in health-related services often delay or avoid medical attention altogether. Guided by the attribution theory, the purpose of this sequential explanatory study was to examine weight bias among health majors at a southwest regional university to illuminate how attitudes can affect the level of care provided to overweight persons. The Attitudes toward Obese Persons (ATOP) scores from a convenience sample of 184 health majors revealed that participants' scores were found to be significantly lower than the midpoint (60) of the ATOP scale, M = 56.68, SD = 16.75, t(183) = -2.69, p < .01, indicating more negative attitudes toward obese persons. As a follow-up measure, 12 interviews were conducted to examine how health majors described their own experiences in working with obese persons. Thematic analysis revealed that the majority of participants expressed common stereotypes to describe obese persons as lazy, lacking self-discipline, and unhealthy. The integration of both sets of data supported the need to develop weight bias curriculum to facilitate social change whereby adaptive approaches to minimize weight bias among students within the classroom and clinical settings become best practice. Future research efforts in the development and evaluation of interventions are needed to reduce weight bias among academic institutions that offer health-related degree programs. Facilitating Weight Tolerance Among Health and Fitness Majors Toward Obese Persons by Stephanie L. Boss MEd, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, 2007 BS, University of Central Oklahoma, 1996 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Walden University January 2015


Objective To study the effect of subdermal vascular network skin(SVNS) on the successful rate of free graft of auricular composite tissue. Methods "wedge shaped" auricular composite tissue was prepared in 24 rabbits "SVNS" were used in one side of each rabbit′s ears and "NON-SVNS" on the opposite side were used as control. They were self-matched, transferred by exchange each other. They were studied using intravenous fluorescent test? histological observation and observing the rate of survival area. Results ①The blood supply of "SVNS" group was formed earlier than that of "NON-SVNS" group, the tissue necroses were less and the vessel density was higher. Their differences were statistically significant. With the time going on, the differences becoming less significant. At the same time, the larger the width, the more the necroses. ②The rate of survival area between two groups had a significant difference except in the 2.1cm group and surviving rate decreased along with increase in width. Conclusion A method combining with subdermal vascular network skin not only reduces the irreversible changes before neovascularization occurred and also enhances the survival rate of the auricular composite graft.


Introduction The Vascular Cerebral Accident, VCA, also called as Vascular Encephalic Accident, VEA, according to Worldwide Organization of Health, is defined as a clinical signal of fast development of focal disturbance of the cerebral function with more than 24 hours of duration. It is the second cause of death in the world and the first one of functional incapacity. In Brazil, the last statistical data divulged by the Health Department indicate that 90,930 people had died in 2004 due to the cerebral vascular a illnesses, the state of São Paulo had the biggest parcel, with 21.139 deaths and the state of Paraná presented the 5 bigger mortality with 6.317 deaths. In the three first months of 2006 they had been registered 30,392 internments for VEA through SUS, being 2,149 of these, in Paraná (Rowland, 1997; Stokes, 2000; Teixeira et al., 2004; Datasus, 2006). The main presented characteristic is the hemiplegia, which is the muscles paralysis of a side of the body, what difficulties making many activities of the daily life such as, to get dressed, to feed, to make the personal hygiene and to move. It is common happening riots of sensitivity, spasticity, riots of the balance and problems of cognition, among others. Many times, these characteristics lead to the complications, as cardiopulmonary problems, ulcers of decubitus, retractions and muscular shortenings (Stokes, 2000; Lianza, 2002; The' Sullivan & Schimitz, 2004). The hemiplegia can be limp or spastic. Initially, the voluntary consequences and movements are gotten depressed and the limp muscles had to the cerebral shock, with consequent loss of the normal descending facilitation, the medullar consequences do not have enough excitatory stimulations to depolarize the alpha motoneuron. The consequences start to return in days or weeks, and then, they become hyperactive in a period of three to six months. The hyperactivity diminishes the measure that recoups the voluntary movements, being that such recovery can stop at any time, leaving weakness and residual hyper-reflexive. A study carried through for Diza verified that with three months of injury only 19% of the individuals presented spasticity, while in another study carried through for Leathley, 39% of the individuals presented spasticity with 12 months after the accident (Delisa 2002, Watkins et al. 2002, Diza et al. 2004). The neurodynamic test, or test of neural tension is also called of neural stretching test. It constitutes in a sequence of made movements to evaluate the mechanics and the physiology of a part of the nervous system, NS. The test is considered positive if painful symptoms and deep enlargement will be reproduced (Butler, 2003; Butler, 2000 apud Coppieters et al., 2005). The ULNT1 involves a combination of movements carried through passively for the therapist. These movements provoke the stretching of the medium nerve throughout the way for the superior member, being used, therefore, to evaluate restrictions in this nerve (Butler, 2003). In 2005, a study of the London University used of diagnostics images of US to observe the longitudinal landslide of the medium nerve in reply to a maximum inspiration. In the study, three groups of patients had been boarded, one with Whiplash, the other presented NSAP, non-specific arm pain, caused for repetitive movements and the group-control. In the patients with whip injury a reduction of 71% of the longitudinal landslide in the symptomatic member can be noticed, comparing with the groupcontrol, and in the patients with NSAP a reduction of 68% can be noticed (Greeninga et al. 2005). After a nervous injury, an adverse tension in all the nervous system happens, what limits the movement and intervenes in the capacity of adaptation in all the body and not only in the place of the injury. The standards of movement limitation are resembled with the caused for the muscular tension or the muscular hypertonia increase. Patients with central injury are more susceptible to the neural adverse tension from the nervous system, what can be aggravated by the common immobility in these injuries. With the nervous tension increase, the members and the trunk are taken to keep similar positions of the spasticity, being that this adverse tension seems, therefore, not only provoke loss of the movement amplitude, but also to increase the tonus muscular, to provoke paresthesia or anesthesia, pain and circulatory upheavals for the SNA as hyperidrosis. From this, the mobilization of the nervous system, restoring mobility and elasticity, becoming integrant part of the central nervous injuries treatment, and having to be enclosed since the beginning (Davies 1997, Butler 2003). A treatment based on the mobilization of the nervous system is being developed with clinical comments and experimental research. Compromises in the mechanics and physiology of the SN such as the movement, elasticity, conduction and axoplasmatic flow can result in more dysfunctions in the nervous system or in the muscle-skeleton structures that receives its innervations. The neural mobilization searches to restore the movement and the elasticity of the nervous system, what promotes, therefore, the return to the normal functions (Marinzeck, 2003). The present study it has for objective to analyze the effect of the mobilization of the nervous system, through test ULNT1, in the adequacy of tonus muscular of hemiplegics individuals with Encephalic Vascular Accident by means of the pressure peaks plantar, observing the bipodal distribution of the weight of the body and evaluating the position, through the baropodometry.


Note presenting an analysis of the normal accelerations and operating conditions encountered by two different airmail helicopters and a military pilot-training helicopter. The results indicate that maneuvers are usually responsible for the relatively large accelerations encountered, whereas gusts contribute primarily to the large number of smaller accelerations and the corresponding increase in the amount of time spent in the accelerated state. Results regarding operating conditions, gust and maneuver loads, take-off and climb, en route, landing approach, landing loads, operating variables, and acceleration frequency of occurrence are provided.


River-sea-going ship is popular because it can directly transport from river to sea, reducing the cargo transfer process, eliminating the loss of goods and shortening the voyage time so that the shipping cost can be decreased and transport efficiency can be improved. To increase its capacity and to obtain better economy, the present river-sea-going ship is usually designed with large ratio of breadth to depth which exceeds the definition of existing rules. The characteristic of wave load is also quite different from that on sea-going ship or inland ship. In the present research, the exceeding probability level of wave load is studied firstly according to the actual status of navigation route. Long-term prediction on wave load is performed based on selected wave spectrum, wave scatter diagram and exceeding probability level. The equivalent design wave height can be obtained, and then the wave load can be calculated. Furthermore, the loads are transferred to entire structural model and the finite element analysis is performed. The structural yield strength and buckling strength are evaluated.


The border effect is one of the problems, which can appear in the application of self-organizing maps (SOM). Different solutions were presented in the literature, but each of them has its drawbacks. In this paper we present a new method for overcoming the border effect - optimized spiral spherical SOM. We also show that standard measure of irregularity is not appropriate and present a modified version - Gaussian measure of irregularity. Our simulations suggest that the new variant of SOM achieves extremely low values of irregularity in comparison to other methods. At the end of the paper we present a software solution for the proposed method.


Diffusion couple experiments for Mg-Al and Mg-Zn were carried out with Mg single crystal to determine the anisotropic diffusion coefficients of Al and Zn in hcp Mg at the temperature range between 553 and 693 K. Based on the experimental results, anisotropic diffusion coefficients of Al and Zn were calculated using multiphase diffusion simulations. Al diffusion in hcp Mg is slightly faster than Mg self-diffusion itself, but the diffusion of Zn is slightly slower than Mg self-diffusion. The diffusion coefficients of Al and Zn along the a-axis (basal plane) of hcp Mg is slightly higher (1.1-1.4 times) than those along the c-axis (normal to the basal plane), which is also similar to Mg self-diffusion behaviour.


A WSN consists of sensor nodes with limited power supply and constrained computational and transmission capability. It is essential to operate the sensor network for a long period of time in an energy efficient manner for gathering sensed information. Due to the limited transmission and computational ability, and high density of sensor nodes, data packets forwarding takes place in multi-hop data transmission. Therefore routing in wireless sensor networks is a significant area of investigation in the past few years. The sensor nodes run on nonrechargeable batteries, so besides the efficient routing, the network should be efficient in energy with efficient utilization of the resources and hence this is an important research concern.


Objective To study the expression levels of multidrug resistance(MDR1)and multidrug resistance associated protein(MRP) genes in renal cell carcinoma and investigate the clinical significance of both of them. Methods Using a sensitive semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) assay, we examined 20 renal cell carcinomas and 10 normal kidneys for the expression of both MDR1 and MRP genes. Results All samples examined were found to have the expression of MDR1 and MRP genes. Comparisons of the expression levels between normal kidneys and renal cell carcinomas showed that the mean MDR1 gene expression level was lower in renal cell carcinomas than that in normal kidneys (t=2.968,P0.01), but the mean MRP gene expression level was higher in renal cell carcinomas (t=2.293,P0.05). The difference was significant. No association was found between the expression level of MDR1 and UICC stage, histological type or histological stage. So did the MRP. The expression levels of both MDR1 and MRP genes did not related to progression free survival. Significant correlation was found between the expression of MDR1 and MRP genes in normal kidney(r=0.932,P0.01), but not in renal cell carcinoma. Conclusion MDR1 and MRP genes expressed related to intrinsic multidrug resistance in renal cell carcinoma.


Based on artificial neural network BP algorithm,referring to urban per capita GDP of Huanggang,investment in real estate development,the per-capita living space of urban residents and other related data from 2003 to 2010,we predict the 2011 and 2012 housing prices of Huanggang urban area.Compared with the data published,the data predicted meet the expected error bound.On this basis,we further predict housing prices in 2013,and find out that housing prices of Huanggang will keep increasing.From the results obtained,reasonable explanation is presented.


Vegetation is one of the components of landscape that changes more rapidly over time, and is therefore subject to replacement by species that may or may not be native to the region. This modifies the landscape and leads people to forget the uses values of local plants. This article studies the plant species that were used in Mexica festivals according to the work of Fray Bernardino de Sahagun. Plants are identified by their common name in classical nahuatl, their scientific name, their ceremonial  use, and their risk category (whether they are in danger of extinction or not). The ultimate goal is to draw a list of plants to propose their conservation, given their festive features.


Hydration of Portland cement is accompanied by changes in its volume contraction. Contraction porosity and contraction shrinkage influence the structure and properties of cement. The influence of some super plasticizers and mineral modifiers on Portland cement contraction has been shown.


W e were very interested to read Usoro and colleagues' article on promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion of groups underrepresented in medicine (UiM), specifically for residents in graduate medical education (GME) programs. The authors suggest that a ''pay it forward'' model is critical to the success and retention of UiM trainees and needs to begin in the pre-medical stages for a more fundamental impact. By involving leadership stakeholders, securing financial support, and engaging UiM trainees in issues that influence the committee, the house staff diversity council (HSDC) created a model that other institutions can learn and adopt in their resolve to create a more inclusive environment. In addition to creating a support system for UiM trainees, the HSDC emphasizes the need for adequate representation among house staff to allow role models to be present at every stage of a student's journey. The Council proposes that recruitment should begin in high school when students first begin to plan and prepare for possible career options. We believe that the HSDC's pipeline program is a step toward increasing awareness among young students to the possibility of a medical career. The program creates a support system for the students by recruiting residents, faculty, and mentors from similar ethnic/ racial backgrounds to help guide them. We envision the network taking the form of a ''mentoring web'' and cultivating opportunities for premedical, medical, and graduate level trainees in a way that can have lasting effects (FIGURE). Through this early intervention for diversity and inclusion, the HSDC model will likely influence far more people than those affiliated with Johns Hopkins. As such, the measurement of the efficacy of this model should go beyond monitoring the number of UiM residents and faculty members at Johns Hopkins. The American Physician Scientists Association (APSA) has created a mentorship program similar to what has been instituted by the HSDC with the aim of increasing diversity of physician-scientists. The Undergraduate Mentorship Program of APSA not only provides mentorship and sponsorship to participants, but also tracks the participants' educational progress to help determine if their program is increasing the number of UiM physician-scientists. We propose that measurement of the success of the HSDC model include a similar strategy due to the large sphere of influence created in their programs. These measurable outcomes could include tracking of participants' educational progress, faculty appointments, publications, and awards. Due to the longitudinal nature of the effects of this program and thereby the measurement of outcomes, it will be imperative to ensure continued leadership succession and adaptation of the model to fulfill the needs of trainees.


An advanced high-pressure crystal growth system for one-step synthesis and growth has been constructed from a design based on numerical simulations and experiments. Experimental work reported previously, optimizing the one-step in-situ process for synthesis and growth, served as a basis for developing the new furnace. A global model developed to simulate growth conditions in the prototype system, has contributed to our understanding of complex transport phenomena such as thermoelastic strain and dopant incorporation. Using both the experimental and the simulation results, we have designed a system to produce large diameter, high purity, low defect density compound semiconductor crystals at low cost.


Current strategies for diverting threatening asteroids require dedicated operations for every individual object. We propose a stand-off, Earth-orbiting system capable of vaporizing the surface of asteroids as a futuristic but feasible approach to impact risk mitigation. We call the system DE-STAR (Directed Energy System for Targeting of Asteroids and exploRation). DE-STAR is a modular phased array of laser amplifiers, powered by solar photovoltaic panels. Lowcost development of test systems is possible with existing technology. Larger arrays could be tested in sub-orbital demonstrations, leading eventually to an orbiting system. Design requirements are established by seeking to vaporize the surface of an asteroid, with ejected material creating a reaction force to alter the asteroid's orbit. A proposed system goal would be to raise the surface spot temperature to <3,000K, evaporating all known substances. Engagement distance required for successful diversion depends on the asteroid's mass, composition and approach velocity. Distance to focus and desired surface spot temperature then determine laser array size. Volatile-laden objects (such as comets) ~100m wide and approaching at 5km/s could be diverted by initiating engagement at ~0.05AU, requiring a laser array of ~100m side length. Phased array configuration allows multiple beams, so a single DE-STAR of sufficient size would be capable of targeting several threats simultaneously. An orbiting DE-STAR could serve diverse scientific objectives, such as propulsion of kinetic asteroid interceptors or other interplanetary spacecraft. Vaporization of debris in Earth orbit could be accomplished with a ~10m array. Beyond the primary task of Earth defense, numerous functions are envisioned.


Background Since 2012, the Study Alliance Leukemia (SAL), a group of over 50 clinical trial and research centers (university hospitals, community hospitals, private practice), is establishing a systematic assessment of MPN patients in a German-wide registry, partly supported by Novartis. The main goal of this registry is the evaluation of the epidemiological distribution of clinical characteristics and outcome parameters, to enhance the understanding of MPN disease pathogenesis and disease progression. An important characteristic of our registry is that in addition to large centers, also small institutions are included which allows the collection of real-life data in MPN, due to the fact that these diseases are frequently treated outside large clinical centers in Germany.

Methods The registry is a non-interventional, prospective and multi-centered epidemiological study. Inclusion criteria was the diagnosis of MPN according to WHO criteria (2008). Furthermore a minimum age of 18 and a written informed consent were conditions for entering the registry, independently of therapy regime and comorbidities. In addition to prospective collection of patients, data of patients who died or were lost to follow-up was evaluated once, covered by the central ethics approval. Epidemiological data and clinical characteristics were assessed at date of enrollment and every 12 months for an unlimited period of time. For this analysis only initial data was included. For statistical analysis, descriptive methods were used to describe the data with mean and median including standard deviations, range and/or 95%-confidence intervals.

Results So far, 506 patients have been registered, comprising 243 evaluable patients with a mean age of 55 years (range 21-85). An updated analysis will be presented at the meeting. The proportion of male patients was 52%. The distribution of sex within the entities and other critical parameters are given in Table 1. 62% of all patients were JAK2V617F positive. As expected, complications like thrombosis and thromboembolism were mostly associated with PV and ET (38% and 29%). In 22 % of MPN patients, life-threatening thrombotic or thromboembolic events occurred during the clinical history. Similarly severe bleedings, as defined by a hemoglobin-level decrease > 2 mg/dl, were common in MPN; including 11 % of patients suffering from acute bleeding, most frequently from the upper gastrointestinal tract (56% of all hemorrhages). Acute bleedings occurred most common in PV, followed by PMF patients.

Hydroxyurea was the most frequently administered substance (42%) followed by watch and wait strategies (22%). Other drugs were applied in 36% of all patients.

Conclusions MPN are still associated with life-threatening events, such as thrombosis or severe bleeding. 33% of patients experiencing such an event had already been diagnosed with MPN and thus were already under medical surveillance. Novel strategies to pre-define risk factors and optimal therapeutic strategies are required to improve prevention strategies with the ultimate goal to avoid thromboembolic complications and improve survival and quality of life in MPN.

| Variable, mean (SD) | All Patients | PV | ET | PMF | Post PV/ET- MF |
| ----------------------------------- | ------------- | ------------- | ------------- | ------------- | -------------- |
| Age n = 132 | 56 (15) | 56 (16) | 49 (14) | 58 (12) | 65 (11) |
| Male (%) n = 243 | 52 | 65 | 40 | 76 | 48 |
| Leukocytes (/nl) n = 206 | 12.02 (8.0) | 11.17 (6.7) | 11.8 (6.0) | 12.07 (8.3) | 10.57 (6.0) |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) n = 206 | 13.4 (8.9) | 13.3 (2.9) | 12.94 (3.0) | 11.69 (2,7) | 13.17 (3.0) |
| Platelets (/nl) n = 205 | 521.7 (404) | 558.8 (390) | 550.1 (423) | 477.6 (372) | 497.7 (415) |
| LDH (U/l) n = 195 | 482.0 (377.8) | 417.2 (258.7) | 394,9 (256,1) | 573.7 (413.7) | 444.0 (295.6) |
| Spleen Length (cm) n = 106 | 17.0 (6.6) | 16.6 (5.9) | 17.5 (8.9) | 18.3 (7.5) | 18.9 (7.1) |
| Thromboembolism (%) n = 202 | 21.8 | 38.5 | 29.3 | 22.9 | 15.8 |
| Severe Bleeding (%) n = 197 | 10.5 | 23.1 | 7.3 | 14.3 | 5.3 |
| Therapy regime n = 203 | | | | | |
| Watch and wait (%) | 21.7 | 27.8 | 29.7 | 26.9 | 28.6 |
| Hydroxyurea (%) | 42.4 | 44.4 | 48.7 | 34.6 | 42.9 |
| Other Substances (%) | 36.0 | 27.8 | 21.6 | 38.5 | 28.6 |

Abstract 5561. Table 1
Clinical and laboratory results for PV, ET, PMF and Post PV/ET-MF

Disclosures Wolf: Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Travel and Accommodation Other. Gattermann: Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding. Lang: Novartis: Research Funding, Travel, Accommodation Other. Bennemann: Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria. Bruemmendorf: Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding. Koschmieder: Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Travel, Accommodation Other.


Political activity of society appears in social networks, which allow users with common views to communicate each other. Politicians started to consider social networks as an arena of information warfare and a tool for manipulating social consciousness. Obvious examples of the use of social networking in this way are organizing mass protests in Hong Kong.


Growth is the increase of size and count of cells and intracellular tissue, which mean the increase partial or complete physical measures and body stucture. Indicators of growth are body weight, height, and head circumference. The aim of this study was to differentiate the growth of children with and without autism because the prevalence of children suffer from autism is increasing and occurs an allergic to casein and gluten that can affect growth rate.
This study was an cross sectional analitical study that used questionnaire to parents/guardian and direct measurement to respondents. Case group was taken from Cakra and Agca Autism School, whereas control group was taken from Anak Ceria, Dharmahusada, and Dipenogoro Kindergarden. Sampling method employed for case group was total sampling method, and for control group was random sampling method. Respondents enrolled for case group were 30 children, and control group were 60 children.
Statistical analysis using Mann-Whitney U test result showed p = 0,987 for weight in respect of age, p=0,650 for height in respect of age, and p=1 for head circumference in respect of age.
In conclusion, there was no difference between body weight, height, and head circumference in respect of age between children with and without autism.


In this paper, we study a layered random access scheme based on non-orthogonal multiple access to improve the throughput of multichannel ALOHA. At a receiver, successive interference cancellation is carried out across layers to remove the signals that are already decoded. A closed-form expression for the total throughput is derived under certain assumptions. It is shown that the transmission rates of layers can be optimized to maximize the total throughput and the proposed scheme can improve the throughput with multiple layers. Furthermore, it is shown that the optimal rates can be recursively found using multiple individual 1-D optimizations. We also modify the proposed layered random access scheme with contention resolution repetition diversity for reliable transmissions with a delay constraint. It is shown to be possible to have a low outage probability if the number of copies can be optimized, which is desirable for high reliability low latency communications.


As on land and in the air, also on sea the transport capacities have been increased drastically in recent years. Overall transport capacity is a product of cargo volume (quantity and size of vessels) and speed. The quantity and size of the huge container ships recently ordered show the increase of cargo volume on one hand. On the other hand and for more passenger related transportation a remarkable increase in speed could be observed.


Abstract : Cerenkov Masers were operated over a wavelength range extending from 1 cm to just below 1 mm, and power levels of 200-250 kW in the 1 cm range were obtained. In the 1 cm range, voltage-tuning over 1 octave was achieved, and at 3 mm, a single structure was tuned from 88 to 130 GHz. At the higher power levels, gas breakdown was used as a diagnostic tool. This work was described in a number of publications and a bibliography and abstracts are attached. A flat-grating cylindrical mirror-based device (the realivistic orotron) was also examined. Power levels comparable to or greater than the best that can be obtained from mm-wavelength, coupled-cavity, travelling-wave tubes were obtained. The voltage-tuning range of these devices was also substantial. Single resonators were tuned over a half octave range, about 30 Ghz, and at higher frequencies (60-80 Ghz) + or - 10 percent tuning was achieved. The peak power at shorter wavelengths was 10 KW, and in the 1 cm range, 30 KW levels were obtained. The development of the mm-wavelength Cerenkov source also led to consideration of far- to near-infrared Cerenkov lasers. These were compared to the undulator type of Free-Electron lasers, and their relative advantages and disadvantages explored. A proof-of-principle far-infrared experiment has been proposed.


Author(s): Pandey, Anshuman | Abstract: This is a proposal to encode the Newa script in the international character encoding standard Unicode. The script was published in Unicode Standard version 9.0 in June 2016. The script is used to write the Nepal Bhasa language. The final code points of the characters were slightly revised and appear in a later document, .


Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of several activated carbons for the removal of chlorite from water. Batch experiments were carried out with 8 powdered activated carbons and with 3 granular activated carbons and by adding every 12 or 24 hours 10 mg of chlorite to 1‐liter of phosphate‐buffered water ([activated carbon] = 1.0 g l‐1). The results showed that the reaction between chlorite and activated carbon yields chloride (as the predominant end‐product) and small amounts of chlorate. The capacities of activated carbons for chlorite removal ranged from 400 to 960 mg ClO2 g‐1 and depended on the nature of the activated carbon, on the contact time and on the cumulative amount of chlorite added to solutions. Filtration of a distribution water spiked with chlorite ([ClO2 ‐]= 1 mg l‐1) through two granular activated carbon columns showed that activated carbon can remove chlorite at interesting capacities for practical applications in drinking water treatment. The efficiency of the t...


Abstract : On December 2, 1986, G. Howard Mauldin, better known to many of us as Howie, passed away. Howie was the programmatic and spiritual leader of the perfluorocarbon impregnated capacitor technology. His work at Sandia National laboratories in the capacitor area spanned some 38 years. This paper is a status report of the technology and memorial to a gentle man who quietly carried a flag. It appears the operational life of a perfluorocarbon impregnated-amorphous character of the polycarbonate (PC) dielectric material. X-ray diffraction studies and thermomechanical analysis (TMA) of the material at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, have known new information. Gas studies of the impregnate solution have yield new answers also. We will also discuss the dynamics of both the equivalent series resistance (ESR) and the equivalent dynamic capacitance of an in situ device as observed during testing at the test facility of the Los Alamos National Laboratory.


Chicago--As the new horse at the track, cryotherapy is struggling to show its stride as a viable, effective treatment option for early prostate cancer.


Abstract Observations in both the ice and slush layers suggest that sea water intrudes into the snow layer following a snow storm. Ice temperature values recorded at 1 cm below the snow‐ice interface show that the upward flux of sea water is of short duration. This is followed by a period of intense brine drainage characterized by the migration of a salty brine layer, with salinities up to 42 psu. These results suggest that a snow storm induces a complete (upward) flushing of the brine channel network and major modifications of snow and ice characteristics. Melt rates and downward brine fluxes were calculated using salinity measured in a 40 cm deep box placed on the ice‐water interface, which isolated a 50 × 50 cm area of sea ice from ocean mixing processes. In this semi‐isolated environment, observed salinity changes allowed us to determine melt water fluxes and brine drainage or flushing even though ice thickness measurements did not show any significant change. Melt rates up to 21 cm/month and equivale...


In order to reduce uncertainty caused by expert subjective perception and experience level during construction of important power consumer risk evaluation system,a risk group evaluation method based on cloud model and grey incidence decision-making analysis is proposed.The method converts fuzzy subjective evaluation to interval values using cloud rules in normal Cloud model,and then the risk was evaluated by gray incidence decision-making analysis method.Result comparison with other evaluation method in a specific case shows the validity of proposed method.The research showed that the method could evaluate the important power consumer risk more effectively and objectively.


Tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta is a serious insect pest that originates in South America. In its transatlantic invasion it was first detected in Spain in 2006, then the pest rapidly invaded Africa threatening tomato production in the continent. Since its detection in Sudan in 2010, farmers relied heavily on insecticides to reduce the exploding population of the pest. An Integrated Pest Management Approach (Tuta IPM) to manage the pest was initiated by Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC) in collaboration with the International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) and financed by German Federal Ministry of Economic Corporation and Development (GIZ). The project aimed to determine distribution, host plants, natural enemies as well as to test some novel approaches to control T. absoluta. The study regarding spatial distribution showed that, the pest was found all over the country attacking mainly tomato, eggplant, potato, broad bean, watermelon, alfa alfa and other wild plants. Four parasitic hymenopteran parasitoids and two predatory bugs were reported as natural enemies attacking larval stage. Three types of pheromone proofed their efficacy in trapping males of T. absoluta were registered for commercial use. Deployment of male lures especially (Tuta optima ® ) in water traps in tomato fields from seedling to harvest reduced the population level of the pest as well as the fruit loss percentage to 5%. Water extract of Neem corticated seeds at (5% and 8%) and Khilla leaves reduced the number of insects/leaflet of tomato and the infestation percentage and augmented the yield. Intercropping of tomato with coriander and fenugrik reduced the infestation levels of tomato by T. absoluta and improved the quantity and quality of yield when compared to cultivation of tomato as sole crop. Obtained knowledge regarding the pest and its IPM package was disseminated to different stakeholders through filed guide books, brochures, Training of Trainers (TOT), field days and broadcasting programs.


Natural gradient descent is an on-line variable-metric optimization algorithm which utilizes an underlying Riemannian parameter space. We analyze the dynamics of natural gradient descent beyond the asymptotic regime by employing an exact statistical mechanics description of learning in two-layer feed-forward neural networks. For a realizable learning scenario we find significant improvements over standard gradient descent for both the transient and asymptotic stages of learning, with a slower power law increase in learning time as task complexity grows.


Volatiles in magmas play an important role in the eruption style and the geology of volcanic landforms, determine presence of fluid phase, the depths of volatile exsolution, and the rates of magma accent. In kimberlites the original proportions of the two main volatiles, H2O and CO2, are obscured by complex origin of the groundmass minerals. Volatiles affect diamond preservation and determine the character of surface features produced on diamond faces during dissolution in kimberlites. Experiments demonstrated that oxidation of diamonds in magmas with H2Oor CO2-rich fluids and in the absence of fluid produce distinctively different types of surface features. In addition, water fugacity of kimberlitic magma can be estimated using water content in phenocrystic olivine measured by FTIR spectroscopy. We apply these two independent methods to several kimberlites in order to constrain the behavior of volatiles and their effect on diamond population and the geology of kimberlites. The study uses diamond parcels, olivine concentrates, and kimberlite core from six EKATI Mine kimberlites, Northwest Territories, Canada. These kimberlites have similar emplacement ages, erosion level, and country rocks, but different geology, composition, and diamond populations. The surface features on diamonds studied under optical and scanning electron microscopes were compared to the diamond surfaces produced experimentally in the presence and absence of fluid. Concentration and occurrence of hydroxyl in kimberlitic olivine were measured using FTIR spectroscopy. We found that Leslie and Grizzly kimberlites filled with hypabyssal facies, with low grade and quality of diamonds, show very sharp dissolution forms on diamond surfaces. Such features indicate absence of a free fluid phase during the last stages of kimberlite emplacement. Panda, Beartooth, Misery, and Koala kimberlites filled with volcaniclastic kimberlite, with higher grade and quality of diamonds have diamond surfaces with well-developed trigon pits, rounded edges with striation, and hillocks. Such features suggest emplacement in an H2O-fluidrich environment. However, diamond populations of Panda and Beartooth are dominated by octahedral unresorbed stones and IR spectra of their olivines give higher concentration of water in olivines <600 ppm and the depth of fluid separation greater than 2GPa. On the contrary, Misery and Koala diamonds are mostly rounded with high degree of resorption. Their olivines contain <450 ppm of H2O and fluid separated at more shallow depths. Group 2 OH IR absorption bands are absent in FTIR spectra of olivine from kimberlites filled with hypabyssal facies and present in olivine from all volcaniclasticfilled kimberlites. This can provide a possible link to an early loss of magmatic fluid. The excellent agreement between the two independent datasets suggests that both are linked to the activity of water in the system. We further apply these results to explain the differences between the geology of these kimberlite pipes and their diamond populations.


Purpose—To discern the efficacy and toxicity of SABR in the elderly population (age ≥75), and to consider how it compares to surgical outcomes historically reported in the elderly. Methods and Materials—772 patients with clinically early-stage I-II NSCLC (T1-T3 N0M0) were treated with SABR (50 Gy in 4 fractions or 70 Gy in 10 fractions) between 2004-2014 at our center (n=442 age <75, n=330 age ≥75). Primary end points included overall survival, progressionfree survival, and grade ≥3 toxicity. Median follow-up time was approximately 55 months. Results—Compared to patients age <75, patients age ≥75 had no difference in progression free survival (p=0.419), lung cancer-specific survival (p=0.275), or toxicity (p=0.536). Overall survival was the same between both age groups at 2-years of follow-up but diverged thereafter, with patients aged <75 when treatment began having higher overall survival rates at 5 years. Median OS rates for patients age ≥75 were 86% at 1 year, 57.5% at 2 years, and 39.5% at 5 years. No patient ≥75 experienced any grade 4 or 5 toxicity. Conclusions—SABR's effectiveness based on lung cancer-specific survival and progressionfree survival is the same in the elderly as it is the average age population. It also poses no increased toxicity. Compared to historical outcomes with surgery in the elderly, SABR outcomes here are considered comparable for stage I-II disease but have less morbidity. Corresponding author: Joe Y Chang, MD, PhD, Department of Radiation Oncology, Unit 1422, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St., Houston, TX 77030-4008. Tel 713-563-2337; email@example.com. Conflicts of interest: Please refer to COI disclosures. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 April 03. Published in final edited form as: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2017 July 15; 98(4): 900–907. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.12.022. A uhor M anscript


In this study, the reuse of hydrated mortars obtained from concrete waste materials as an additive to replace part of the Portland cement content in different ratios by weight was investigated. The properties examined included setting time, compressive strength, flexural strength, alkali–silica reaction, apparent porosity, water absorption, ultrasonic pulse velocity and dynamic modulus of elasticity. The results showed that the compressive strength of all specimens containing hydrated mortar waste (HMW) material was lower than that of the control specimens. However, the values obtained by replacement of 10–20% of Portland cement with HMW were within acceptable limits. The HMW with replacement ratio of more than ∼40% could not be used to replace ordinary Portland cement because the 28 day compressive strength was 29% lower when ∼40% cement was replaced by HMW. Moreover, the expansion of mortars due to alkali–silica reaction was significantly reduced when more than 20% of cement was replaced by HMW. Increas...


Introduction: In recent times, much attention has been focused on the reduction of seclusion and restraint in psychiatric settings. This paper analyzes evidence available from evaluations of single seclusion and/or restraint reduction programmes. A total of 29 papers were included in the review. Results: Seven key strategy types emerged from the analysis: (i) policy change/ leadership; (ii) external review/debriefi ng; (iii) data use; (iv) training; (v) consumer/ family involvement; (vi) increase in staff ratio/crisis response teams; and (vii) programme elements/changes. Outcomes indicate that a range of reduction programmes are successful in reducing the frequency and duration of seclusion and restraint use, while at the same time maintaining a safe environment. Conclusion: The development of new seclusion and restraint reduction programmes should include strong leadership from local management; external seclusion and restraint review committees or post-incident debriefing and analysis; broad-based staff training and programme changes at a local level. Behavioural and cognitive-behavioural programmes appear to be very useful in child and adolescent services. Further systematic research should be conducted to more fully understand which elements of successful programmes are the most powerful in reducing incidents of seclusion and restraint.


1 These citations only scratch the surface; for example, there is a massive literature on Senate elections that is not mentioned here at all. There is some truth to the claim that the Senate was " understudied " until fairly recently. A search of the JSTOR web site (which has full-text searching for seven leading political science journals) turned up 86 references to articles with " Senate " in the title; 39 of these references were from 1980 to1998 and 47 were from 1895 to 1979. For decades congressional scholars have noted the relative dearth of research on the United States Senate when compared to the U.S. House. While true in relative terms, it is difficult to describe the modern Senate as an " understudied " institution. In the last decade scholars have examined institutional development of the Senate is far more limited. There is some work that either touches on Senate committees (Swift 1997; Rothman 1966) or examines a specific historical period or a specific committee (McConachie 1898; Gould 1959, Robinson 1954), but there is no systematic analysis of the evolution of the committee system in the Senate. While historical research on the institutional development of the House is relatively sparse as well, it is far more plentiful than the Senate. There are many explanations for why the House has received much more attention in the study of how Congress developed and institutionalized. One explanation is the belief that if the 2 Senate is currently the less formal, hierarchical, majoritarian, and rule-bound of the two chambers, it must always have been thus. Another explanation, drawn more closely from the historical record, is that because the early history of the Senate is so dominated by great and the like—formal institutions must have played a minimal role in shaping how the Senate did its business in the antebellum period. Whatever the explanation, the view of the early institutional Senate that has dominated in the mind of many historians and political science—one of a sleepy, personality-driven chamber uninterested in policy making or legislating—does not bear up to careful scrutiny. True, the Senate started slower than the House in establishing a complex internal organization, and it content itself with following the House's lead at the beginning. But even before George Washington had finished his second term, the Senate committee system had become as complex as the House's. It was also slower to begin …


A comparative analysis of the structure of the Collembola taxocene in the root phytocenosis of hornbeam beech (Carici pilosae-Fagetum) and invasive red oak (Quercus rubra) on the territory of Yavoriv NNP was carried out. It is established that due to the replacement of the edificator of the stand in the studied areas there were changes in the taxonomic composition and ecological structure of the taxonomy of Collembola, which is a sign of degradation of indigenous forest ecosystems under the influence of phytoinvasions. Analysis of the results of studies of the impact of red oak invasion on the taxonomy of Collembola beech showed relatively insignificant structural changes in the Collembola taxonomy, which may be due to similar edificative properties of both stands, resistance of soil environment to changes in terrestrial vegetation and insufficient time to change edaphic conditions. Changes in the synecological structure of the Collembola taxonomy have been noted, indicating the relevance of the research and the importance of using these pedobionts as zooindicators of phytoinvasions in natural forest ecosystems.


Spinal cord ischemia belongs to the one of the most frequently occurring results of spinal cord damage, with broad range of several symptoms and complications. The superficial position of fine arterial system of the spinal cord predicts the spinal cord ischemic injury. The laboratory animals, such as rabbits and guinea pigs, serve for the study of spinal cord ischemic injury. The aim of this work was to describe the arterial blood supply to the spinal cord in New Zealand White rabbits and English self guinea pigs, using the corrosion and dissecting technique. In both species, we found variations in arrangement and origin of segmental arteries of descending aorta, the basilar artery, the ventral spinal artery, the dorsal spinal arteries, the artery of Adamkiewicz, and the segmental dorsal and ventral branches arising from the arterial spinal branches. The presence of the artery of Adamkiewicz and nearly regular segmental blood supply to the spinal cord are responsible for the use of rabbit and guinea pig as a simple model of ischemic damage to the spinal cord. The understanding of the arterial arrangement to the spinal cord plays a very important role in avoiding the spinal cord ischemia or infarction during surgical interventions to the spine.


The paper describes actions and meanings constituent of youth political subjectivities, and proposes that between actions and meanings there is a recursive relationship. It presents elements that differentiate these political subjectivities, as well as the institutional orientation they share. Finally, it is argued that the processes of subjectivation take place in the midst of collective actions in which young people realize their protagonist place as transformers of their realities.


Giving the best quality service to the students is the purpose of many education institutions. One of the factors that support the service is employees who work in the organization, which are lecturer and employee support system. Therefore, employees should be motivated in order to improve their performance. Quality work of life is a concept that supports the quality work of the employee in the organization. This concept tries to improve employees' dignity and self esteem. The important role of quality work of life is to change the work climate of the organization in order create a better work of life. The purpose of this paper is to give a conceptual review of quality work life with its practices in organization, such as financial compensation, carrier opportunity, and job characteristics. Keywords : higher education, service quality, quality work of life


THE SUBMERGED PLATFORM OF WESTERN EUROPE. SIR.—The question of whether the border of this platform is an escarpment or not cannot be left where Professor Hull leaves it, for, as it stands, one of us must certainly have a false idea of the meaning and use of the word escarpment. I am consequently obliged to refer Professor Hull to textbooks for a definition, and it will probably suffice if I quote the Student's Manual of Geology, by Jukes & Geikie (3rd edition, p. 474) : " An escarpment is a cliff or precipitous bank formed by the outcrop of a bed or series of beds of harder consistency than those on which they rest." Professor Hull asserts that the question " is really one of form " or shape of the ground, and he implies that the submerged declivity is an escarpment because it "has a terraced upper surface, has a descent sometimes almost precipitous, and falls off in a slope, sometimes gentle, at its base into the abyssal plain." Then he proceeds to put geological structure aside, which is precisely what the definition of an escarpment forbids him to do. It is quite true that the height and length of a declivity are matters of degree, but if he cannot show that a given declivity is formed by the outcrop of one series of beds he has no right to call it an escarpment. Professor Hull, however, has another argument: he says, " the question of the origin of the escarpment might have remained problematical," but for the existence of the river channels which cross the platform and open out through the " escarpment." He regards these channels as being " unquestionable proof of subaerial origin, both of themselves and of the physical features with which they are connected." This is a novel argument certainly, but how the existence of river-made valleys can possibly prove the declivity to have been made by subaerial agencies passes my comprehension. Let us appiy the argument to an existing terrestrial surface, and for choice let us take Portugal; then we have this syllogism :—The surface of Portugal is trenched by river-valleys which open through the cliffs that form the western border of the land; such valleys prove all the physical features with which they are connected to be of subaerial origin ; therefore the sea-cliffs of Portugal are " escarpments " of subaerial origin ! No one wants to deny that the surface of the platform has once been a land-surface, but I do deny that its border can properly be called an escarpment or that there is any proof of its having been fashioned by subaerial agencies. A. J. JUKES-BKOWNE.


Motor is orbitd and is pressed rotor shaft unit, including the workstation, the carousel device is installed on the workstation, characterized by: rotor shaft feeding device is edgewise installed in order to the workstation, and the feed mechanism of turn -taking, CCD image mechanism, pressure welding mechanism, slagging -off mechanism, defective products remove mechanism and unloading mechanism. Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that: this equipment can be accomplished automatically and orbit and the material loading of pivot, and the welding is polished, detect, and the getting rid of and the unloading of defective products, degree of automation is high, uses manpower sparingly, is fit for using widely.


ABSTRACT At the intersection of regional and innovation studies, trademark research is producing stylized facts, methodological lessons and policy insights underlining the importance of softer intangible assets for regional resilience and growth. Despite all the recent attention, there are still several opportunities that the present agenda-framing piece tries to canvas, identifying at least two directions for further research: the geography of innovation/entrepreneurship and regional specialization/diversification. Not only do these emerge from a dedicated special issue in Regional Studies (to which this paper also serves as an editorial), but they also unfold in emerging research and policy trajectories.


Measurements have continued with the same proportional counter system, sample pretreatment procedure, methane preparation and measurement, and calculation using a half-life of 5568 ± 30 yr as described previously (R., 1970, v. 12, p. 298-318). Uncertainties quoted are single standard deviations originating from standard, sample, background counting rates and half-life. No C13/C12 ratios were measured.


The need to provide QoS-guaranteed services in the WDM optical networks is becoming increasingly important because of a variety of candidate client networks (e.g., IP, ATM, SONET/SDH) and the requirement for QoS-delivery within the transport layers. This article addresses the QoS problem and presents a framework of QoS provisioning in the WDM optical network. We first characterize the QoS problem in the WDM optical network by comparing with that in the traditional networks. Then we propose a QoS service model in the optical domain called extended differentiated optical services (E-DoS) model based on a set of optical parameters that captures the quality, the reliability and the priority of an optical connection. Each component of the E-DoS model has been analyzed in detail in this article.


The objective of this scientific research is to translate what the translation of English short story which entitled Beauty and The Beast into Indonesia. Beauty and The Beast is one of the big fairy tales and it is long been a favorite a storynory. Beauty and The Beast is also one of those story that is told and retold in different guises. The powerful myth of tenderness concealed within ugliness. In conducting this scientific research the writer used some theories of translation and process of translation to found some of difficult words, so the solution to know difficulty words the writer used dictionary or getting the meaning from the context.


CV. Damai Jaya or Convection OneWay located in the area of kol. Sugiono street 7/19, District Kedungkandang, Malang and an industrial home company founded by Mr. Samsul Hudha in 1994. OneWay convection often occurs the accumulation of intermediate goods at each station are waiting for the next process, this is because each work station Cycle Time difference so far. From this it can be seen that the production line at the convection OneWay less balanced. The purpose of this study was to determine the equilibrium trajectory planning of production alternatives in order to improve productivity and provide suggestions for improvement to the company.
Data was collected through direct observation to production sites. The results of the data collection and then do the test data and test the adequacy of the uniformity of data for all process operations. The next step is to calculate the normal time and then proceed to calculate the standard time for each process operation. Results of calculation of standard time it will be a time in the planning process of each operation balancing. Calculations using Position Weight Rank is done by weighting of process 1 to the last, then be ranked from smallest to largest. The results of the ranking that will be used for process grouping operations into a work station. Calculations using the Region Aprroach depending on region division based operations that precede and follow the precedence diagram. The results from both methods will be compared to find a balanced and effective path.
From the results of calculation using the Region Approach (RA) and Rank Position Weight (RPW) is already done then the optimum solution is obtained using the method Region Approach (RA) with a cycle time of 1568 seconds, the idle time greatest time 1353.91 sec, efficiency by 71%, balance delay by 29% and the output produced in one production shift by 16 units or 32 units a day costume. In this case the researchers propose using the Region Approach (RA) with 1568 seconds cycle time due to breakdown more systematically in accordance with the order of the production process while utilizing the method of Rank Position Weight (RPW) the efficiency higher.


Introduction: Sarcoidosis is characterized by granuloma formation primarily in the lung and lung-draining lymph nodes (LN). The disease can present with an acute onset (usually Lofgren's syndrome ( ...


A. Udul 'tsov, editor in chiex Gennadii Eduardovich, before our meeting I reread a report of our previous meeting-we chatted four years ago in the same hall. I wanted to find out whether the intervening years have borne out our forecast. But I saw that we were discussing something quite different then. There was nothing in that conversation that connects with things today. That was another life, another country. Does anyone now remember, say, the Interregional Deputy Group? Russia's Choice? Where did it all go? What happened to our democratic movement? Where is the romanticism of perestroika?


For many of the developing world's poorest farmers and food‐insecure people, roots, tubers, banana and plantain crops (RTBs) serve as a critical source of food, nutrition and cash income. Although sometimes seen as locked in traditional, unchanging agri‐food systems, trends in production for RTBs have been both dynamic and diverse over the last six decades as this figure illustrates. This paper analyses the driving factors behind the evolution in production, utilisation and trade of RTBs in developing countries since the early 1960s and recent estimates of their future trajectory.


ABSTRACT In this article the authors explore the phenomenon of 'selective amnesia' as it relates to education. We define this as a politically engineered loss of collective memory, both curricular and pedagogic, which has adversely affected what teachers and teacher-educators do. Through an intergenerational dialogue between four secondary English teachers/teacher-educators, we invoke the power of memory to explore alternatives to currently dominant narratives in English teaching. Our starting point is 'what exactly has been forgotten?' 1 From there we move on to consider the underlying principles and values of the different model of English that emerges from our collective memory, and discuss how this might engage with policy in order to identify new forms and ideas. We propose that, for those involved in English teaching and teacher education in the here and now, memory has both a critical and motivational role to play.


After correcting for email usage prevalence and other experimental control variables, we found that all country-level correlations originally reported in Cohn et al. vanished. No conclusions can be drawn on cross-country differences in the rates of reporting lost wallets.


Membrane water permeability values were measured in individual fresh human pre‐ovulatory oocytes using real time microscopy in a microscope diffusion chamber. The cells were exposed to anisosmotic conditions, their volume responses measured, and from these data the Lp values were computed employing the Kedem‐Katchalsky analyses of irreversible thermodynamics. Lp values were measured at four temperatures for each oocyte between 37°C and 10°C, and the temperature‐related Arrhenius activation energy (Ea) calculated. It was apparent that individual oocytes exhibited a wide range of Lp values; at 37°C Lp values ranged between 0.33 and 1.80 μm/atm/min. However, each oocyte exhibited the expected inverse linear correlation between Lp and temperature, with high linear correlations (R2 values between 0.73 and 0.96). A mean value for Ea of 8.61 ± 5.11 Kcal/mol was computed. It is apparent that pre‐ovulatory human oocytes express a range of biological diversity in terms of membrane water transport, and this fact needs to be considered when attempting to formulate cryopreservation protocols for storage of these oocytes.


The effect of different temperatures on germination was assessed in a laboratory study in the framework of complete randomized design with five repetitions to determine the specific temperature of Moringa peregrina seeds. Evaluation of germination response was conducted at constant temperatures of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 °C. Cardinal germination temperatures were fitted using three models, including beta, segmented and dent-like. Optimum and maximum temperatures of germination were calculated 17, 25-30 and 47 °C, respectively, based on the dent-like model, which was identified as the best model using statistical indicators. Then, to investigate germination and seedling growth response of Moringa peregrina toward different levels of salinity and drought stress at an optimum temperature, another test was conducted. In this experiment, seed germination was assessed in four levels of salinity and drought with the osmotic potential of 0, -4, -8 and -12 bar. The results indicated that seed germination speed and percentage were decreased due to drought and salinity stress. Generally, seed germination of Moringa peregrina was more sensitive to drought stress than to salinity stress.


The data obtained from industrial heats carried out in 185-ton electric arc furnace (EAF) were used to study the effect of direct reduced iron (DRI) percentage in metallic charge on the different steelmaking parameters and consumption figures. The present study carried out in a wide range of DRI percentage, 090% of metallic charge, and the results have been statistically analyzed to correlate the percentage of DRI with the different consumption figures of electric energy, oxygen, coke and fluxing materials. In addition, the influence of DRI percentage on contents of tramp and detrimental elements affecting on steel quality has been also investigated. The results reveal improving the steel quality by increasing DRI percentage, as the tramp elements (Cu, Sn, Ni, Cr) and detrimental elements (P, S) and also nitrogen, all decrease by increasing the percentage of DRI in the metallic charge. On the other hand, the increase in DRI percentage leads to increase in the consumptions (per ton of liquid steel) of electric energy, oxygen, coke and fluxing materials. Furthermore, the metallic yield decreases and the power on time and hence the tap-to-tap time increase as DRI percentage increases. With using higher DRI percentage in the charge, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of produced hot rolled bars of low carbon steel slightly decrease whereas elongation increases.


The object of this paper is to outline some of the methods and the materials used in restoring and controlling erosion of subsoils. Two main methods are available: (a) the incorporation of seed and associated materials using conventional agricultural methods, i.e. Cultivation, broadcasting, sowing seed and spraying. Such a method can be used on land that is sufficiently flat to operate on safely and on types of subsoil suitable for cultivation; and (b) hydraulic seeding, which is a method designed to mix various materials with water and spray them on areas that are either inaccessible to conventional equipment or on ground that cannot be cultivated. The types of basic specification used are described briefly, as are the types of mulches, soil ameliorates, fertilisers and binders available. Advice about choosing the most appropriate seed mix and application rate is also provided. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 824252.


The broad conceptual, methodological and theoretical scope of the Routledge Handbook of Gender and Feminist handbook eliminates any excuse to not knowing where to start with feminist geographies. Its 48 thematic chapters contain perspectives relevant for any student, researcher or scholar. This handbook testifies to the widening thematic, epistemological and methodological scope of feminist geographies, ranging from indigenous sexualities to the global economy, from the body to the global, from care to labour and trauma


Fibers are added to concrete/shotcrete to enhance the ductility,energy absorption ability and crack resistance,and prevent crack development.In order to estimate the toughness of fiber reinforced concrete(FRC) and establish Chinese Guideline of FRC,many experiments of flexural toughness for SFRC beams were done according to different national guidelines.Based on test results,the comparison of the foreign flexural toughness test methods were carried out.It provides basis for the establishment of guideline of FRC in our country.


The invention relates to a chemiluminescence detection kit used for detecting macrodantin. The chemiluminescence detection kit comprises a wash concentrate, a negative reference substance, a positive reference substance, a chemiluminescence liquid, macrodantin standard substance, horse radish peroxidase labelled macrodantin specific antibody, and a luminescence test plate coated with macrodantin. The horse radish peroxidase labelled macrodantin specific antibody is horse radish peroxidase labelled anti-macrodantin polyclonal antibody obtained via immunization of New Zealand white rabbits, wherein macrodantin-BSA is taken as an immunogen; and the horse radish peroxidase labelled macrodantin specific antibody is prepared via adoption of sodium periodate method. The chemiluminescence detection kit used for detecting macrodantin is high in sensitivity, and wide in detection range; is simple and convenient for operation; and possesses no toxicity. No pollution is caused by the chemiluminescence detection kit. According to the chemiluminescence detection kit, the envelope antigen is prepared via coupling of a macrodantin metabolite and a carrier, so that cost is low. The horse radish peroxidase labelled macrodantin specific antibody is prepared via one-step method, so that the preparation method and preparation steps are simpler, and it is beneficial for industrialized production.


This paper is closely related to the work of Cao, Greenwood and Reilly in [10] as it expands and completes their fundamental diagram by considering b-closed sets. In addition, we correct a wrong assertion in [10] about βgs-spaces. 2000 AMS Classification: 54A05


The specific Properties of fluid dynmics and chemical reaction on loop reator based on cooling mould unit are studied in this paper. The function is established between two phase nuid rate at jet and the parameter of structure and operation pressure. The optimized parameters of structure are used to design a jet reactor. The result shows that the reaction rate in loop reactor is better than in stirrer reactor.


In the scenario in which QCD axion dark matter is produced after inflation, the Universe is populated by large inhomogeneities on very small scales. Eventually, these fluctuations will collapse gravitationally to form dense axion miniclusters that trap up to $\sim$75% of the dark matter within asteroid-mass clumps. Axion miniclusters are physically tiny however, so haloscope experiments searching for axions directly on Earth are much more likely to be probing ``minivoids'' -- the space in between miniclusters. This scenario seems like it ought to spell doom for haloscopes, but while these minivoids might be underdense, they are not totally devoid of axions. Using Schr\"odinger-Poisson and N-body simulations to evolve from realistic initial field configurations, we quantify the extent to which the local ambient dark matter density is suppressed in the post-inflationary scenario. We find that a typical experimental measurement will sample an axion density that is only around 10% of the expected galactic dark matter density. Our results also have implications for experimental campaigns lasting longer than a few years, as well as broadband haloscopes that have sensitivity to transient signatures. We show that for a $\mathcal{O}$(year)-long integration times, the measured dark matter density should be expected to vary by 20--30%.


Author(s): Peris, William | Advisor(s): Lewis, Lynn V | Abstract: In a political environment where information competes with "fake news" and partisanship dictates what is believed, voters must separate the two or be deceived. Though accurate information about politicians and policies is available, misperceptions persist, and increasing polarization in the government and the electorate exacerbate the reluctance to consume information that conflicts with existing attitudes. In this paper I identify the sources of information that affect people's ability to correctly place Congressional candidates on the ideological spectrum and the factors that are associated with misperceptions of ideology. I draw on Bawn and Zaller's notion of the electoral blind spot to illustrate the degree and skew of misperception in the electorate. I do this for major candidates, both incumbents and challengers, for the US House of Representatives and US Senate between 2006 and 2014. Results suggest that voters are generally unable to discern degrees of partisanship in their candidates. Voters tend to believe candidates are more moderate than they are in reality, and this effect is greater if a candidate is a voter's co-partisan. Additionally, voters project their own ideological self-identification onto their candidates: The distance a voter considers themself to be from the ideological center influences, proportionally, how far the voter perceives candidates from either political party to be from the center. I examine the relationship between these effects and electoral outcomes to find limited evidence that voters practice proximity voting generally, with only small vote share penalties for candidates who are distant from the mean voter, but I find an effect of misperception of candidate ideology in the outcome of those elections in which better informed voters are less likely to vote for more extreme candidates. The heterogeneity of misperception and the projection of one's own ideology onto candidates are previously unexplored, but not inconsistent effects on the conception of the electoral blind spot. In voter perceptions of moderation and the combined effect of misperception and candidate proximity, I find evidence consistent with the presence of an electoral blind spot as a set of policies or candidate positions over which the voter is indifferent.


A new scheme for the compression of electron bunches is proposed. This scheme uses a plasma wave generated by a high intensity laser pulse to compress an electron bunch produced by a typical rf photogun. In the scheme, the electron bunch is injected into a plasma channel in front of the high intensity laser pulse. The laser pulse generates a plasma wave which ''sweeps up'' the electron bunch resulting in both compression and acceleration. The electron bunch will eventually overtake the laser pulse so that, afterwards, the electrons travel in front of the plasma wave. The scheme differs from previous schemes using a plasma wave to accelerate and compress electron bunches by sacrificing part of the acceleration to get a lower final energy spread and decrease the sensitivity to jitter in the synchronization between laser and electrons. Using a hybrid model, combining particle tracking for the electrons and a relativistic fluid model for the plasma, the scheme is investigated. The model is used to study the effects of the size of the injected bunches, the initial energy spread, and jitter in the laser-bunch synchronization. Also, one of the ways to vary the compression ratio of the scheme is explored by varying the plasma density. From these simulations, it can be concluded that the proposed scheme can compress bunches from an initial size of picoseconds to below one hundred femtoseconds with an energy spread below 0.2%. The scheme can also be adjusted to still produce these bunches in the presence of synchronization jitter up to 1 ps (for the parameters chosen).


Abstract: Organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a high-efficiency, low-cost form of solar technology because of the abundance of useful materials and a simple fabrication procedure relative to other photovoltaic devices. Furthermore, the perovskite material shows decent electron and hole mobilities, a wide absorption range, and long exciton diffusion length. So far, many groups have focused on the research of perovskite thin-film solar cells, and these perovskite solar cells have been deemed to be one of the leading next generation photovoltaic technologies. However, there are several problems that restrict the enhancement of perovskite solar cell performance such as their poor uniformity and low crystallinity. Herein we summarize and discuss the role of film quality on power conversion efficiency, and effect of fabrication condition on the light absorbance of perovskite film.


During the period 1959-62 liquid digested sludge was applied to grass to supply nitrogen at rates similar to those normally recommended to farmers. The responses were compared to those produced by equivalent inorganic fertilizers. Liquid digested sludge gave as large an increase in dry matter as equivalent fertilizers. At the low rate of application the mean dry matter increase was 15.2 lb./lb. of applied nitrogen, and at the high rate the mean response was 11.0 lb. dry matter per lb. of nitrogen. On one site, all treatments reduced the clover percentage, the high rate more than the low rate. Sludge treatments reduced the clover percentages less than equivalent inorganic fertilizers.


Despite the economic and security challenges related to the French defense technological and industrial base, in particular for defense aeronautics (DA), this base has been poorly characterized from the point of view of its technologies (production and use). Our article aims to fill some of this gap. We will focus on the organization of the R&D of DA companies and their production of innovations via a "patent" approach. We propose a typology of those companies according to their capacity to generate technological synergies in their innovation activity and trade-offs they make between exploration innovations and exploitation innovations.


This article is concerned with the way in which access to information in the possession of the South African state promotes or obstructs good governance in this country. It starts off by briefly contextualising access and transparency as crucial elements of good governance. It then briefly highlights various international attempts to assess accessibility to and transparency of information controlled by government, and assesses the experience in this regard so far in South Africa.


The yeast Rhodotorula glutinis GBDOU was optimized for maximum carotenoids production. The design of optimum multifactorial experiments Plackett-Burman was employed to estimate level effect of physical and chemical factors on carotenoids production. As the result, saccharose (%), yeast extract (%) and cooking oil (%) were identified as significant factors (p<0.05). After screening, these factors were subsequently optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) - Central Composite Design (CCD). These optimal levels were found out, viz. saccharose (1.5 %w/v), yeast extract (4.69 %w/v) and cooking oil (0.5 %v/v) in which the carotenoids yield was the highest. The regression equations (model) obtained and predicted maximum carotenoids yield 233.014 (µg/g DW).


A simplified methodology is described for identifying human pilot describing function in a two axis control task. A real time simulation is carried out on simulator, in which pilot tracts the command velocity and pitch angle of aircraft by controlling the stick and throttle respectively. Coherence functions between the two axis show a weak coupling in this task. This suggests it is possible to treat the two axis control system as two single axes respectively for the pilot model identification for the longitudinal control task. The feasibility and rationality of simplified methodology is demonstrated in both theory and simulation experiment for the control task.


Lightning arresters play an important role in the protection of power system insulation against damage by surge voltages. Many arresters which have been in service a considerable number of years are still expected to provide this protection even for insulation that may not possess the strength as specified for new apparatus. The results of various methods used in the past to check arrester condition in the field are often questionable. A novel field test method for lightning arresters has therefore been developed. Impulse sparkover and power frequency leakage tests in the field can be carried out, with portable test equipment, on line-type and station-type lightning arresters with single-unit ratings up to 37 kv. Design and operating principles of this equipment are described; the field test results indicate that with the new method it is possible reliably to detect arresters not performing according to requirements.


In this paper, the mechanical behaviors of 2124, Al 5Cu, Al Li and 6061 alloys reinforced by silicon carbide particulate, together with the silicon carbide whisker reinforced 6061 Al alloy, were studied under quasi static and impact loading conditions, by using the Split Hopkinson Tension / Compressure Bars and Instron universal testing machine. The effect of the strain rate on the UTS, hardening modulus, and failure strain was investigated. At the same time, the SEM observations of dynamic fracture surfaces of various MMC materials showed some distinguished failure characteristics, which determined the sensitivity of the strain rate of failure strain and the asymmetry of tension and pressure of MMC materials. Some new characteristics of asymmetry of mechanical behaviors of MMC materials under tension and compression loadings were also presented and explained in details in this paper, which can be considered as flags, to some degree, to determine the controlling mechanism of damage and failure of metal matrix composites under impact loading. The development of new constitutive laws about MMC materials under impact loadings should benefit from these experiment results and theoretical analysis.


The impact of hospital volume on clinical performance has been investigated by many researchers to date and thought that it is associated with quality of care and outcome for patients with heart failure (HF). This study sought to determine whether annual admissions of HF per cardiologist are associated with process of care, mortality, and readmission.


Inclusive education is popular since its beginning,China has inclusive education of learning in regular class. Inclusive education is to strengthen the communication and reduce the exclusion,and pursuit of educational equality and social justice. But special children and normal children are different groups,and these groups have conflics in inclusive education. Inclusive education is a part of social justice,it is the result of social norms and social expectation too. We should put dialectic attitude towards inclusive education and understand its function and limitation.


Excimer laser sources have already been used with success for a number of novel material processing procedures. Most promising of these deal effectively with challenging materials for which little can be done with ordinary tools in order to materialize their potential. In this presentation, attention is focused on excimer irradiation processing of high grade sintered alumina. On one hand, it is shown how effective and unique can be an excimer beam in transforming the surface of this heavily used material. Under specific irradiation conditions, surface melting of sintered alumina is obtained. The resulting material is then studied by low-angle X-ray diffraction which reveals in particular the eventual formation of the uncommon gamma-alumina phase within 10 nm from the material surface. On the other hand, a rather thorough investigation of the phenomenology of the gamma-phase synthesis is presented, stressing various aspects: dynamic, energetic, structural and chemical, all of them stemming from the unusual characteristics of the excimer laser beam itself. As a result, it is shown how the presence of this gamma-phase may induce direct electroless plating of the excimer- processed alumina surface, on of the many peculiarities of that phase showing potential applications.


This paper from the intrinsic connection moral education and educational background,moral education and P.E.of higher vocational students in present situation,discusses how to strengthen of student moral education in the P.E.It is contributed to provide practical significance with the moral education and sports curriculum reform in higher vocational colleges.


(1) Logic of Scales, Hierarchies, and Multiplicities -Scales: if you fall 150 ft, you have fallen 100 ft. if you can carry 20 kg, you can carry/have carried 10kg. maintain voicing for a 200msec closure, & you have done/can do so for 100msec. -Hierarchies: if an event occurs in a subordinate clause, it has also occured in a whole sentence. if a Foot contains a stressed high vowel, so does a Prosodic Word. -Multiplicities if a word contains 2 r's, it contains an r. In every case we can imagine a nested set of intervals anchored at 0: (((( 0 ) 1 ) 2 )....) .


Despite the institute's recent prediction in the Code of Civil Procedure of 2015,procedural cooperation already exists in Comparative Law. However, considering theguidelines of the Democratic Rule of Law, and the constitutional model of the process, it cannot be imported entirely from the Portuguese or German model. For this reason, a study of theinstitute on a democratic constitutional bias is necessary, and the normative theory of coparticipationappears to make this reading of article 6 of CPC / 2015. It is also necessary tostudy cooperation as a principle or rule, as well as its relation to the principle of the adversary.


Abstract : Research in the framework of the preparation of the thesis degree * ( S - 1 ) to move from the initial observation that the effectiveness of the organization indicated BKD North Maluku province remains low . This is presumably related to the recruitment pattern of the less professional . Thus , this study aims to analyze how the influence recruitment patterns of the effectiveness of the organization BKD North Maluku province . This study uses a quantitative approach to the application of descriptive and explanatory survey . Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to instrument 60 respondents BKD employees . Once the data is collected , then analyzed by applying analysis techniques by applying frequency table analysis techniques , product moment correlation and simple regression . The results showed that recruitment is one of the very menentukkan determinant factor of success or effectiveness of the organization . Rekruitmn pattern which ignores aspects of employee competence and contaminated with corruption behavior will reflect badly on the achievement of organizational effectiveness . Not optimal achievement of organizational effectiveness BKD North Maluku province is related to employee recruitment patterns are less professional . The conclusion that can be drawn from these results is that the arrangement of the pattern of recruitment of employees with respect to the organization's needs for quality human resources will be able to push the organization's ability Regional Employment Board of North Maluku Province bias ahead to adapt to the environment , to increase the productivity of the organization and also be able to increase job satisfaction . Keywords : Recruitment , Competence , Professionalism , organization effectiveness .


Spotted wing drosophila(Drosophila suzukii Matsumura) is an economically damaging pest in many regions of the world, as it infests a variety of commercial fruits and spreads fast. The male is characterized by its single dark spot on the leading edge of the wing near the tip and centered on the first major wing vein, while the female possesses a large ovipositor with strong serrations or saw-like teeth which enable eggs to be laid in healthy ripening fruits. The pest reproduces 3 to 10 generations within a year, a female can lay 200 to 600 eggs over a lifetime. Sugar-vinegar baits monitoring and orchard sanitation measures are critical for cultural management controls. Organophosphates, pyrethroids, and spinosyns have proven effectively against D. suzukii with good contact activity and residual activity.


Dye laser excitation and fluorescence spectra have been used to provide information on rotational structure and energy linkages between several low‐lying electronic states of YbO. Configurational assignments of the observed low‐lying states have been made on the basis of vibrational frequencies. The X 1Σ+ ground state, with ΔG1/2=683 cm−1, is assigned to the Yb2+ 4f14 configuration, whereas five states with Ω=0−, 1, 2, 1, and 3 and ΔG1/2∼820–830 cm−1 are assigned to Yb2+ 4f136s. The lowest 4f136s(Ω=0−) state is found to be 910 cm−1 above the 4f14, X 1Σ+ state, thus establishing the linkage between the  f14 and  f13s configurations. The observed electronic states are discussed in relation to the ligand field model and the electronic state energies are fitted to determine the ligand field parameters. The configurational assignment for the YbO ground state proposed by M. Dolg and H. Stoll [Theor. Chim. Acta 75, 369 (1989)] is shown conclusively to be incorrect.


These questions span the breadth of approaches and ideas concerning the evolution of behaviors. We have already seen clear cases of innate programming or hardwiring of the nervous system. Complex behaviors are the result of relatively simple neural circuits. Fixed action patterns (FAPs) such as the response of the feeding toad to different stimuli is filtered by the receptive field (Chapter 14) and triggered by sign stimuli. In contrast, imprinting reflects a learning process that takes place within a very short period. For example a progeny that learns its mother via a vocal cue, or odor undoubtedly has some hardwired circuits devoted to this imprinting process. Nevertheless, this view cannot explain all cases of behavior. It is not just nature, but nurture.


Commentary on Setiawan et al. [p. 1441][1]

One of the great triumphs of 19th-century pathology was distinguishing inflammatory from neoplastic processes. It has become increasingly clear, however, that inflammatory processes are deeply entangled in carcinogenesis, thus provoking the search for


The flow over four square cylinders in an in-line, square arrangement was numerically investigated by using the finite volume method with CFD techniques. The working fluid is an incompressible ideal gas. The length of the sides of the array, L, is equal. The analysis is carried out for a Reynolds number of 300, with center-to-center distance ratios, L/D, ranging from 1.5 to 8.0. To fully understand the flow mechanism, details in terms of lift and drag coefficients and Strouhal numbers of the unsteady wake frequencies are analyzed, and the vortex shedding patterns around the four square cylinders are described. It is concluded that L/D has important effects on the drag and lift coefficients, vortex shedding frequencies, and flow field characteristics.


The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) used a Situation Target Proposal (STP) problem solving technique to improve processes in the Publications Analysis Department, which was a critical area not yet developed in AIAA's TQM efforts. A team was assembled from Acquisitions, Analysis, and Management staff to brainstorm the work situation, set production targets, and propose methods to move incrementally toward those targets.


Mauney and Hendrix (1988) reported that CO2-saturated irrigation water increased P, Mn, and Zn uptake and vegetative growth and boll count in cotton. Nakayama and Bucks (1980) found that delivering CO2-amended water through a drip irrigation system increased wheat yields. Based on these and other reports (D'Orazio, 1990), California and Arizona growers have begun to adopt this technique in the field on a variety of crops. This study was conducted to determine the effects of CO2-amended irrigation water on tomato and cucumber production. Field experiments were conducted in Summer 1990, at Riverside and Irvine, Calif. Soil types were Buren fine sandy loam (mixed, thermic Haplic Durixeralf) in Riverside and San Emigdio sandy loam [mixed (calcareous), thermic Typic Xerofluvent] in Irvine. Raised beds on 1.5-m centers were prepared, with single drip irrigation lines buried 15 cm in the center of each bed. Beds at Irvine were mulched with black polyethylene film. 'Dasher II' cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seed and 'Bingo' tomato (Lycoersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants were planted on 1 June (Irvine) or 5 June (Riverside); plant population was 17,000 and 29,000/ha for tomato and cucumber, respectively. Beginning 3 weeks after planting, bottled


EVERY ophthalmic surgeon is familiar with cases of patches of inflammation followed by atrophy in the choroid associated with keratitis punctata. These were first pointed out bv Hill Griffith."'l Textbooks do not point out that patches of atrophy also occur in the iris associated with chronic irido-cyclitis, although they are frequently to be found if carefully looked for in these cases."'2) The common situation is usually either at the greater or lesser circle of the iris and rarely, as in the following case, at the margin of the iris. In other words they occur where the capillary anastomosis is largest. They are not usually observed during the first onset of the disease, but make their appearance generally from 3 to 6 weeks after the onset. It is possible that they are not observed in the early stages of the disease owing to the use of atropin to dilate the pupil. They are probably the site of the embolic infection causing the disease. The following are the notes of the case from which the illustration was made. Mrs. B., aged 55 years, first seen on September 19, 1924, complaining of mist before the right eye, which came on suddenly a week previously. There was no ciliary injection. The pupil dilated evenly with atropin. There were keratic precipitates and vitreous opacities. Her teeth showed marked pyorrhoea alveolaris, and there were several apical abscesses. The teeth were extracted and a vaccine given. On October 8 she developed atropin irritation, and the atropin was left off. On October 22 the pupil had regained its activity, and the atrophic patch at the margin of the iris could then be seen.


Advanced wearable portable electronic products are needed energy storage devices with foldable properties. Zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are one of the most promising alternatives for energy storage devices due to their significant advantages, such as low cost, high reliability, and safety for folding. Herein, V5O12 · 6H2O (VOH) was obtained by facile electrodeposition strategy on carbon nanotube (CNTs) film, forming the freestanding V5O12 · 6H2O‐CNTs (VOH‐CNTs) composite films. The resultant VOH‐CNTs composite films with high mechanical properties can be directly used as the cathode for foldable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs). The VOH‐CNTs electrode at a current density of 1 A g−1 shows a high specific capacity of 356 mAh g−1 and the capacity retention of 96% after 500 cycles. Even a reversible specific capacity of 292 mAh g−1 can be achieved at a current density of 5 A g−1 and the capacity retention of 93% after 4000 cycles. A high coulombic efficiency stays nearly 100%. The electrochemical properties of the prepared cells measured in different folding states remain stable, indicating the devices are suitable for use as foldable energy storage devices.


At the territory of Ilmenskiy state reserve comparative research of occurrence the species from Orchid family is conducted. It is shown that over the last 50 years there appeared 4 new species, 13 species didn't change the occurrence, 3 species reduced it and 1 species wasn't found. Depending on category of rarity Orchids at the territory of the reserve are divided into 3 groups: species presented in the reserve of one, two-five, six and more coenopopulations.


One of the most fraught and, possibly, most tricky issues, both in theory and in practice, for current literary criticism in post-apartheid South Africa is how to read and reread the texts of those now-canonical white South African writers whose reputations were made, both nationally and internationally, by their 'writing against apartheid', now that this particular kind of literature of resistance could be seen as passe. What is at stake here is not just a critical re-evaluation of such writers as J.M. Coetzee, Nadine Gordimer and Andre Brink, whose voices may now be seen to be marginalised in favour of those 'subaltern' voices freed to speak in a post-apartheid state, but a re-situating of the very nature of their literary resistance. Inextricably tied to any such discussion is the complex nature of literary resistance itself and the debates surrounding the categorisation of 'South African literature' within 'world literatures'. These debates have evolved around such questions as whether post-colonial theory and criticism have any relevance to such texts; whether 'white' South African literature should be regarded as part of other settler literatures (despite its obvious differences in not having just one 'imperial centre' and in the neo-colonial structures of apartheid); and whether even locating such a division between 'white' and 'black' writing in South Africa imposes a retrospective form of apartheid within critical practice itself. This article addresses some of these issues and considers them as part of a process of reconciling differences and moving beyond the fixed binaries that characterise both the apartheid mentality and colonialism itself. Much of the current debate concerning critical approaches to South African literature seems to me to be focused on competing interpretations of literary theoretical models, and the suitability or otherwise of their applicability to 'local' conditions. In particular, there are ongoing exchanges between those South African literary critics and academics who are seen to 'support' a post-colonial approach and


Multiple statistical hypotheses testing with possibility of rejecting of decision for discrete independent observations is investigated for models consisting of two independent objects. The matrix of optimal asymptotical interdependencies of possible pairs of the error probability exponents (reliabilities) is studied.


Only few rheological models in the literature simultaneously capture the two main non-Newtonian trends of non-colloidal suspensions, namely finite normal stress differences and transient effects. We address this issue by extending a previously proposed minimal model accounting for microstructure anisotropy through a conformation tensor, which was shown to correctly predict transient effects (Ozenda, Saramito & Chambon, J. Rheol., vol. 62 (4), 2018, pp. 889–903). A systematic sensitivity study was performed to provide insights into the physical interpretation of the various model terms. This new model is compared to a large experimental dataset involving varying volume fractions, from dilute to concentrated cases. Both apparent viscosity and normal stress differences in steady state are quantitatively reproduced in the whole range of volume fraction, and qualitative agreement for transient evolution of apparent viscosity during shear reversal is obtained. Furthermore, the model is validated against particle pressure measurements that were not used for parameter identification. Even if the proposed constitutive equation for the Cauchy stress tensor is more difficult to interpret than in the minimal model, this study opens the way for the use of conformation tensor rheological models in applications where the effect of normal stress differences is prominent, like elongational flows or particle migration processes.