The meeting began with presentations by the facilitator and the representative from DOE. The facilitator introduced those on the podium. He then described the general structure of the meeting and its purpose: to hear the issues and concerns of those present regarding the proposed Hawaiian Geothermal Project. He described his role as assuring the impartiality and fairness of the meeting. Dr. Lewis of DOE further defined the scope of the project, introduced those of the EIS team present and briefly described the EIS process. A number of process issues were covered, including the current State dependence on imported petroleum (>90%), the public nature of the DOE EIS process, DOE's responsibility to consider general impacts to the global situation, and database availability. Dr. Lewis assured those present that the EIS would examine transmission system/cable-related impacts and alternatives to the proposed action, within geothermal and outside it (including coal), including different mixes of supply- or demand-side options on each island using an integrated resource planning approach. With respect to prior and on-going geothermal developments in Puna, Dr. Lewis explained that although DOE will not conduct new environmental reviews of the HGP(A) and other federal geothermal development in Puna, these and the presentmore » developments will be considered (including medical records) from the perspective of cumulative impacts.« less


Water single-phase and nucleate boiling heat transfer were experimentally investigated in vertical annuli with narrow gaps. The experimental data about water single-phase flow and boiling two-phase flow heat transfer in narrow annular channel were accumulated by two test sections with the narrow gaps of 1.0mm and 1.5mm. Empirical correlations to predict the heat transfer of the single-phase flow and boiling two-phase flow in the narrow annular channel were obtained, which were arranged in the forms of the Dittus-Boelter for heat transfer coefficients in a single-phase flow and the Jens-Lottes formula for a boiling two-phase flow in normal tubes, respectively. The mechanism of the difference between the normal channel and narrow annular channel were also explored. From experimental results, it was found that the turbulent heat transfer coefficients in narrow gaps are nearly the same to the normal channel in the experimental range, and the transition Reynolds number from a laminar flow to a turbulent flow in narrow annuli was much lower than that in normal channel, whereas the boiling heat transfer in narrow annular gap was greatly enhanced compared with the normal channel.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


Carl Johan Petersson defended his AgrD thesis at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, on December 17, 1993.


Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming one of the demanding platforms, where sensor nodes are sensing and monitoring the physical or environmental conditions and transmit the data to the base station via multihop routing. Agriculture sector also adopted these networks to promote innovations for environmental friendly farming methods, lower the management cost, and achieve scientific cultivation. Due to limited capabilities, the sensor nodes have suffered with energy issues and complex routing processes and lead to data transmission failure and delay in the sensor-based agriculture fields. Due to these limitations, the sensor nodes near the base station are always relaying on it and cause extra burden on base station or going into useless state. To address these issues, this study proposes a Gateway Clustering Energy-Efficient Centroid- (GCEEC-) based routing protocol where cluster head is selected from the centroid position and gateway nodes are selected from each cluster. Gateway node reduces the data load from cluster head nodes and forwards the data towards the base station. Simulation has performed to evaluate the proposed protocol with state-of-the-art protocols. The experimental results indicated the better performance of proposed protocol and provide more feasible WSN-based monitoring for temperature, humidity, and illumination in agriculture sector.


The structure of thermoreversible gels from syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) has been investigated in two solvents: bromobenzene and toluene. The small-angle neutron scattering experiments can be interpreted by considering a fibrillar nanostructure in which the basic fibrils are double helices of the type put forward recently while the aggregation of three of them generates the junctions. In the wide q-range the neutron diffraction data can be theoretically reproduced by considering the same double-helical structure.


The hydrochemical typology and the tectonic structures that affect the Guarani Aquifer System (GAS) and Serra Geral Aquifer System (SGAS) in in the western part of Parana Sedimentary Basin, in Parana State (Brazil), are discussed in this work. The SAG is placed 600 m under the Mesozoic basalt and other volcanic-related rock layers. The aquifer waters are sulfated and chlorinated, with a total dissolved solids ratio higher than 1.000 mg L -1 with a particular predominance of sodium ions in relation to calcium as well as magnesium. Even though SASG drills may reach less than 180 m into the basaltic rock layers, this aquifer system show similar hydrochemical and physicochemical characteristics with to SAG waters including temperatures above 30oC. Although the SAG waters are currently being used for tourism purposes, when appropriately mixed with proper amount of surface waters it can be used as drinking water supply. The high density of geologic faults in the region, mainly in the SE-NW direction, acts as GAS discharge zones and eventually, recharging upwards the SGAS. The GAS hydrogeological framework can be represented by a series of compartments which are resultant from the geologic faults and intrusions of dolerite dykes. The recharge process is not completely understood for this part of the GAS, due to its structural complexity. Isotopic analysis from water samples collected in the study area result that the GAS water age are over 20,000 years.


Sive et al. present a laboratory manual devoted to the experimentation on Xenopus laevis during early development. This book has arisen from a course taught at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. It corresponds to a compilation of protocols taken from recent years, which have improved with age, and is accompanied by three illustrative videocassettes.


Analysis of the compositions of gas and liquid phases in quartz inclusions suggests that the ore-forming fluids in the Shihu gold deposit are a K+-Na+-Ca2+-SO2-4-NO-3-Cl-system rich in organic volatiles such as CO2, H2O and CH4 and C2H6. Analysis of sulfur and carbon isotopes shows that sulfur and carbon are derived from the mantle, and hydrogen and oxygen isotope analysis shows that the ore-forming fluids are a mixture of magmatic hydrothermal fluids and meteoric water. The average of six homogenization temperature data is 310℃, indicating mesothermal mineralization, and 53 data of decrepitation temperatures mainly cluster at two ranges, namely, 320-350℃ and 360-380℃, which reveals that approximately two mineralization occurred. The ore-forming pressure was 20.3 MPa and the ore-forming depth was 0.75 km, with lgfo2=39.95, Eh=-0.42 to -0.64V and pH=5.94 to 6.44-all these suggest that the deposit was emplaced in a near-surface, relatively oxidized and weakly alkaline ore-forming environment. The vertical isothermal diagram of quartz inclusions at different levels in orebody 101-4 suggests that the ore-forming fluids moved from south to north and from deep to shallow, with the direction of the fluid movement coinciding with the pitch direction of the orebody, implying that there are very good ore prospects at depths of the southern end of the mining area.


In this article, the issue of reconstructing an idealized periodic unit cell (PUC) to represent a porous medium is examined by means of microcomputed tomography (μCT). Using μCT, three-dimensional images of open-cell foam are collected and used to characterize the representative parameters of its cellular morphology. These parameters are used in order to reconstruct the porous medium by means of an idealized PUC: a tetrakaidecahedron with ligaments of triangular cross sections, whose characteristic dimensions have been measured on the μCT images. The proposed reconstruction of the idealized PUC is applied to four aluminum foams. The averaged macroscopic properties of the foams (open porosity and thermal characteristic length) are deduced from their respective PUC model and compared to experimental measurements and literature data. Good correlations are obtained. For each of the foams, this provides a parameterized idealized periodic unit cell on which the partial differential equations governing sound dis...


The population pattern study and biomass allocation of:1. hewittii and:1. brachvphvllus (both are endemic
in Sarawak) were conducted at limestone area ofAup Hill, Sarikin, Bau. The distribution ofthese species
showed that :1. hrachyphyllus had the highest total individuals of 92 plants more than d.. hewittii (45
individuals) in 10 plots (20 m x 20m). Mean ofsize for length, width, and weight on seeds andfleshy fruits
of:1. hewittii and :1. brachyphyllus were significantly influenced by the characteristic ofthe species except
for fleshy fruit 's width. Biomass allocation analysis consists leaf weight ratio (LWR), stem weight ratio
(SWR), specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf area ratio (LAR) were significantly different (p<0.05) between
seedlings and matured plants of :1. hewittii. The forest structure and biomass estimation assessments
recorded the total of220 individual trees (75 species). Mallotus korthalsii contributed the highest leafarea
index (J00I .6m2) , basal area (7364.05cm2), highest density (27 individual) and important value
(IV=18.36). Besides, the highest biomass was presented by Artocarpus sericicarpus which are 24389. 9kglha from the total biomass of263.121tanlha.and LAI was 2.9halha.


When sellers set the price for ex-ante unobservable and ex-post unenforceable quality, price signals credence quality. Hedge funds resemble incomplete long-term contracts for credence goods under buyer-determined auctions. I show that hedge funds' ability to solicit investments at higher management fees signals their capacity to generate higher net returns. This result is more pronounced during bust cycles and closer to financial hubs, i.e., when management quality signaling is more valuable.


The tide complex [Cd(CH3OC6H3OHCH = NC2H4OH)2Cl2]·(1/2)C2H5OH was synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR as well as UV spectroscopy. Its structure was confimed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex crystal belongs to the monocline space group is Cc, with cell parameters: a = 1.5475(3), 6 = 1.1661(2), c = 1.7295 (3)nm, β= 116.50(3)°, Z = 4, final R= 0.043 for 2261 unique reflections [I≥3σ(I)]. The structure was solved by direct method. The results indicate that each of the cadmium atoms was coordinated with four oxygen atoms (from two ligands respectively), and two chlorine anions to form a twisted octahedron. The complex has a high SHG efficiency.


Wheat occupies the largest area under cultivation due to its importance. In the Transylvanian Plateau conditions at ARDS Turda were have been conducted a series of experiments which aimed to highlight the way that most effectively leverages wheat the pedo-climatic conditions in terms of the application of different doses of fertilizers. Thus we studied the 10 wheat varieties 3 varieties (Ariesan, Apullum and Turda 2000) created at ARDS Turda and the other on other research stations in Romania following the way they have used certain production - quality indicators. The 10 varieties were placed in polifactorial experience over two years in 2013 respectively 2014. Was used the balanced grid method in six repetitions which allowed them to study the application of two doses of fertilizer 250 kg/ha N 50 P 50 K 0 and 200 kg/ha N 66. In the autumn after sowing were applied 250 kg/ha N 50 P 50 K 0 for the first 3 repetitions and repetitions in spring 4.5 and 6 was applied fertilizer dose of 200 kg/ha N 66. In the two years 2013 and 2014 the 10 experimental varieties responded differently to environmental conditions and fertilizers as revealed in the interpretation of data using statistical models that varieties created in the conditions of ARDS Turda have the best balance in terms that the production quality.


After entering university,because of their interpersonal relationships,learning habits,living environment and other factors change,encountered some can not adapt to the often poor psychological adjustment and other phenomena,had a serious impact to their learning and university life.Therefore,this paper analyzed freshmen psychological maladjustment problems,mainly to explore the psychological adjustment strategies to poor adaptation.


A family of interpolatory type of quadrature rules of degree of precision at least seven has been constructed for the approximate evaluation of contour integrals of analytic functions along a directed line segment in the complex plane. The relative accuracies of rules have been studied in their respective classes and also numerically verified by integrating some standard test integrals.


ABSTRACT Nanoparticles (NPs) have been applied for management of pathogenic microbes affecting agricultural crops. Pectobacterium betavasculorum (Thomson et al., 1984) Gardan et al., 2003, Xanthomonas campestris pv. beticola (Pammel) Dowson, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata (Brown and Jamieson) Young, Dye, and Wilkie are bacterial pathogens of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) and a concern for its sustainable cultivation. Effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs at 0.25 and 0.50 mL∙L−1 were determined on P. betavasculorum, X. campestris pv. beticola, and P. syringae pv. aptata, and on growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), glutathione (GSH), proline, H2O2, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of beetroot. Inoculation of beetroot with P. betavasculorum, X. campestris pv. beticola, and P. syringae pv. aptata reduced plant growth, and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, but increased SOD, CAT, APX, PAL, GSH, proline, H2O2, and MDA. Application of TiO2 or ZnO NPs to plants with, or without, bacteria increased plant growth, chlorophyll, carotenoid, SOD, CAT, APX, PAL, GSH, proline and H2O2 contents, but decreased MDA content. Use of ZnO NPs was better than TiO2 NPs in increasing plant growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid, SOD, CAT, APX, PAL, GSH, proline and H2O2 contents. The higher concentrations of both NPs were better in increasing plant growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid, SOD, CAT, APX, PAL, GSH, proline and H2O2 contents, and decreased MDA than the lower NP concentration. Soft rot and bacterial pocket indices caused by P. betavasculorum and X. campestris pv. beticola were 4 of 5; leaf spot index caused by P. syringae pv. aptata was 3 of 5. Disease indices were reduced to 1 of 3/4 when 0.50 mL∙L−1 ZnO NPs was applied to plants challenged with bacterial pathogens. The ZnO NPs produced greater increase in plant growth and reduced disease indices than did TiO2 NP, and may be used for management of bacterial diseases of beetroot.


The design parameters of effective reinforced depth,compaction energy,times number,interval,point spacing are analyzed.Then the recombination foundation of piers dynamically compacted is used to treat one practical engineering example.The testing results show that this method can satisfies the requirement.And the experience can be used in other engineerings.


The meaning of the wave function of the Universe was actively discussed in 1980s. In most works on quantum cosmology, it is accepted that the wave function is a probability amplitude for the Universe to have some space geometry, or to be found in some point of the Wheeler superspace. It seems that the wave function gives maximally objective description compatible with quantum theory. However, the probability distribution does not depend on time and does not take into account the existing of our macroscopic evolving Universe. What we wish to know is how quantum processes in the Early Universe determined the state of the present Universe in which we are able to observe macroscopic consequences of these quantum processes. As an alternative to the Wheeler–DeWitt quantum geometrodynamics, we consider the picture that can be obtained in the extended phase space approach to quantization of gravity. The wave function in this approach describes different states of the Universe which correspond to different stages of its evolution.


As the important part of socialist democracy and legal system in our country,the jury system played a very important role.But the jury system seems to be downplayed in our country in recent years. Although the current law doesnot negates jurors and jurors still exists in true-life,its role has been undercut and almost ignored in judicatory practice,thequantity of the case tried by the jury system has become very little.Meanwhile,many district courts have not taken on jurors.The attitude of keeping or giving up jury system differs in the theoretical circle,but jury system still has its reason to exist.As a result,reform is a better way of treating this topic.


The design and performance of an Nd+3:YAG pumped, short cavity dye laser-dye amplifier system is reported. This system produces narrow bandwidth, broadly tunable picosecond pulses with energies in the millijoule range.


The invention discloses a plastic film cutting device, and particularly relates to the technical field of processing of plastic films. The plastic film cutting device comprises a cutting body frame, a plastic film reeling shaft, a cutting shaft, a cutter, a motor and a hoop, wherein the plastic film reeling shaft and the cutting shaft are respectively arranged at both ends of the cutting body frame; the cutter is arranged at the upper end of the cutting shaft; the motor is connected to the cutting shaft; the hoop is arranged on the cutting shaft. The plastic film cutting device provided by the invention is simple in structure, can cut the plastic films into sheet structures at a time as required, and enables the plastic film to be low in possibility of the edge curling phenomenon when in cutting.


The present invention relates to a new method based jump table generated authentication path stack, comprising the steps of: 1) calculating the value of the label of each node hop authentication table; 2) based on the calculated tag value table of each node hop authentication, establishment of the stack ; 3) on the basis of the second step, the root node from the stack, from top to bottom, from left to right on the bottom, i.e., level = 0 leaf node is searched to obtain the search path; 4) in a third step based on the set of nodes corresponding to obtain certification path search according to the search path node; authentication path node set is a collection of nodes on the search path of each sibling node of the node configuration; 5) on the basis of the fourth step, the authentication paths node to search for authentication. This method can eliminate unnecessary links jump table, reducing redundant information.


A core issue in designed, computer-mediated markets is the effect that platform pricing choices have on the marketplace equilibrium. We explore this issue in the context of ride-sharing. Following Uber-initiated fare increases, drivers make more money per trip and, initially, more per hour-worked. Drivers begin to work more hours. However, this increase in hours-worked—combined with a reduction in demand from a higher fare—has a business stealing effect, with drivers spending a smaller fraction of working hours transporting passengers. This market adjustment brings the hourly earnings rate back to about the rate that prevailed before the fare increase, in roughly two months. Passengers are partially compensated for higher prices by shorter wait times, but during the period covered by our data, fare increases likely reduced passenger welfare. ∗This manuscript was not subject to prior review by any party, as per the research contract signed at the outset of this project. The views expressed here are solely those of the authors. The code and data to replicate this study are or will be publicly available at http://www.john-joseph-horton.com/papers/uber price.data. Both Hall and Knoepfle are employees and shareholders of Uber Technologies. Robin Yerkes Horton is an employee and shareholder of Uber Technologies and is John Horton's spouse.


This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of yoga exercises on mental health in pregnant women. In a pretest - posttest plan with control group, taking into account the level of confidence (0.95), the test power (0.80) and volume effects (0.50), a random sample of 40 pregnant women were selected and divided into two groups of 20 people. After pre-test, the experimental group was trained through yoga. The data collection tool was the symptoms scale list of mental disorders-short form (SCL-25). Analysis of covariance was used for inferential analysis of data and testing the research hypotheses. The results of analysis of covariance showed that practicing yoga can improve overall mental health of intervention group in the post-test. The results of analysis of covariance on the mental health variable showed that yoga exercises on components of anxiety, depression and physical symptoms at the level of (0.01) and the components of interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety and psychosis at (0.05) is significant.


In the case of some academic book reviews, a reviewer may feel it necessary to act as translator and mediator, deciphering a highly abstract theoretical proposition presented in a primarily deductive format in the hopes of offering practitioners a conceptual foothold. In other cases, a book can be considered self-explanatory, requiring nothing more from a reviewer than an emphatic framing. The Rehearsal is such a book: as a coherent multiontological account of how death may be imaginatively constructed and socially reconstructed in a contemporary environment, The Rehearsal enacts in writing what it discusses with regards to performance. The Rehearsal offers more than simply a record of a devised script, more than simply a critical discussion of a performance as a completed project. The organisation of material - the intertwining of three performance texts, based on transcribed interviews and rehearsal documentation, and four critical essays penned by specialists in the areas of Performance Studies, Sociology, Health and Social Care, and Psychoanalysis and Cultural theory - offers the reader several varied, but converging, viewpoints of 'rehearsing death.'


ABSTRACT This paper describes the characteristics of the formation of periodic roll waves and the splitting of waves based on nonlinear mode analysis. A novel system is developed to investigate the formation of roll waves through linear and nonlinear modal analyses. The nonlinear analysis shows the feasibility of the periodic roll waves and their splitting when the wavenumber is extremely small. It is observed that there are phase shifts in each term of the momentum equation for the periodic roll waves. The phase of the nonlinear convection term in the fundamental mode is shifted forward relative to the phase of the linear convective term, and it acts as the viscosity term. In contrast, the phase of the nonlinear convection term in the higher mode is delayed, and it acts as the friction term. At a smaller wavenumber, the phase shift in the nonlinear interaction between the fundamental and second modes leads to the suppression of the fundamental mode development, resulting in the wave splitting.


The paper from the establishment of the multi-dimensional vector model of pixel color space,using an improved Fuzzy C-Means clustering algorithm for image segmentation,so a group of the characteristics of the regional space vector is obtained,and an eigenvector similarity calculation method is used to calculate image similarity,then it can compare the size of similarity of the two images,so as to achieve the purpose of image recognition.And last the experiment is given to verify the effect of the image similarity,it shows that,based on the multi-dimensional vector model fuzzy clustering algorithm in image recognition has a certain value.


Let Fq be a finite field of order q, and P be the paraboloid in F 3 q defined by the equation z = x2 + y2. A tuple (a, b, c, d) ∈ P 4 is called a non-trivial energy tuple if a + b = c + d and a, b, c, d are distinct. For X ⊂ P , let E+(X) be the number of non-trivial energy tuples in X. It was proved recently by Lewko (2020) that E+(X) ≪ |X| 99 41 for |X| ≪ q 26 21 . The main purposes of this paper are to prove lower bounds of E+(X) and to study related questions by using combinatorial arguments and a weak hypergraph regularity lemma developed recently by Lyall and Magyar (2020).


Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients are a class of Galactic High Mass X–ray Binaries with supergiant companions. Their extreme transient X–ray flaring activity was unveiled thanks to INTEGRAL/IBIS observations. The SFXTs dynamic range, with X-ray luminosities from 1032 erg s−1 to 1037 erg s−1, and long time intervals of low X–ray emission, are puzzling, given that both their donor star properties and their orbital and spin periodicities seem very similar to those displayed by massive binaries with persistent X-ray emission. Clumpy supergiant winds, accretion barriers, orbital geometries and wind anisotropies are often invocked to explain their behavior, but still several open issues remain. A review of the main recent observational results will be outlined, together with a summary of the new scenarios proposed to explain their bright flaring X–ray activity. The main result of a long Suzaku observation of the SFXT IGR J16479–4514 with the shortest orbital period is also briefly summarized. The observation of the X–ray eclipse in this source allowed us to directly probe the supergiant wind density at the orbital separation, leading to the conclusion that it is too large to justify the low X–ray luminosity. A mechanism reducing the accretion rate onto the compact object is required.


The Research was conducted in the Petapahan Village Tapung Subdistrict KamparProvince Riau on January to February 2015. The research was aimed to determine theperception of fisherman about Manubo culture of River Tapung in Petapahan Village TapungSubdistrict Kampar Province Riau by the survey methode. The responden was determined bysensus. The result concluded the Manubo culture is fishing togheter with root of tuba once of ayear, exactly on dry season for aims to make a good relationship, growth the togheterness, andincrease community economy who need. The perception of fisherman about the Manuboculture are included on 3 ; they are ; (1).Manubo culture don't have major impact on the fishingresult, (2).Manubo culture don't have the major impact the quality of fish; (3).And theexistence of the Manubo culture is decreasing. For the score, the perception of fisherman aboutthe Manubo culture is less well categoried (20-27), and well (28-35). So, the perception offisherman about Manubo cluture have no major impact on fisheries resources pollution becauselimitedness of area and tuba.Keywords : Manubo culture, Perception of fisherman, impact.


Adult patients with congenital heart disease comprise a growing population with complex cardiac conditions, among other ageing-associated diseases. This particular group of patients may undergo multiple surgical procedures in their lifetime, a significant number of which involves pulmonary valve replacement (PVR). The clinical decision for such surgical intervention is currently relying on symptoms, including arrhythmias, and measures of right ventricular dilatation, at e.g. 80-90 mL/m2 end-systolic and 150-160 mL/m2 end-diastolic volumes [1,2]. However, there is no common consensus on the reliability of these criteria, and more accurate and timely assessment for PVR treatment is necessary. The overall objective of this work is to investigate the altered haemodynamic environment in the adult with congenital heart defect, including pre- and post-operative conditions. Here, we show computational results in the pulmonary bifurcation with the scope to establish a novel and reliable metric for pulmonary valve replacement.


This paper discusses some operations on mixed monotone operator in Banach space, especially addition an multiplication operations. We will prove the sum and product of two mixed monotone operators. The proof using some relevant definitions. The result is the sum o of them is a mixed monotone operator and the product is  too if both  satisfy some conditions


In this paper, a multi — objective optimization problem for intelligent grid energy planning is established, and a planning model with the aim of economy and low carbon is established. From the two aspects of cloud technology and microgrid energy dispatching, the energy storage capacity of microgrids is coordinated and controlled under by cloud platform, and particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to optimize the multi-objective design. A simulation shows that the optimal allocation of dynamic resources in the microgrid is achieved through the optimized scheduling of cloud platform energy storage, which maximizes the economic benefit and improves the reliability and economy of microgrid operation.


Enzymatically cleavable and light-degradable hybrid nanogels were prepared by free radical inverse miniemulsion copolymerization of acrylamide (AAm) with a newly synthesized functional dextran crosslinker containing acrylate moieties attached to the backbone via a photolabile linker, that is, dextran-photolabile linker-acrylate (Dex-PL-A). The Dex-PL-A/AAm feed ratio was systematically varied to investigate the influence of the particle composition on the gel properties. The resulting hydrogel nanoparticles were examined with regard to their degradation behavior upon the appliance of the two orthogonal stimuli by turbidity measurements in combination with dynamic light scattering. Although continuous photolytic cleavage of the photolabile linkers between polyacrylamide chains and dextran molecules was found to proceed fast and quantitatively yielding completely disintegrated networks, stepwise irradiation resulted in partial degradation of crosslinking points. Thus, nanogels of a desired specific degree of swelling (DGS) can be obtained by adjusting the irradiation time accordingly. Partial enzymatic cleavage of the dextran backbones of the Dex-PL-A crosslinking molecules resulted in an increase in the DGS of the nanogels up to a constant value. Subsequent irradiation of those swollen hydrogel particles was used to fully degrade the network structure in a second step. Hence, a two-step degradation profile was realized by the combination of the two orthogonal stimuli. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012


We examine the relationship between industry homogeneity and the magnitude of postearnings announcement drift (hereafter, PEAD). Given that firms with more homogeneous operating cost structure are conducive to spillover of knowledge among investors, we expect that firms in highly homogenous industries have relatively low magnitude of PEAD. Using firms listed on the Korean Stock Exchange, we find that the magnitude of PEAD is negatively related to industry homogeneity, indicating that investors are more efficient for firms in a highly homogenous industry in which information is likely to be referred to peer firms. In addition, we find that the effect of industry homogeneity on the magnitude of PEAD is robust even after controlling to the effect of industry concentration. Our study contributes to the literature on exploring determinants of PEAD by linking information transfer effect in a homogenous industry to investors' informational efficiency in capital markets.


A total of 196 small mammals were collected in Portugal and tested for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Tissue samples were taken from each animal and cultured in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly (BSK)-II medium. The single strain of spirochete isolated was confirmed as Borrelia lusitaniae by genetic analyses. This is the first report of B. lusitaniae isolated from Apodemus sylvaticus.


Based on the analyses of the current patents related to Boron Neutron Capture Therapy(BNCT) in China, this study aims to promote the research, production and clinical applications of BNCT. The data of this paper were obtained from www.rainpat.com – the website of Jiangsu Runtong Data Service Co., Ltd. The present patents cover fields such as neutron source, dose monitoring, image guiding equipment, beam moderation and beam shaping, et al. From the perspective of patents, China's BNCT research and products are still at the very beginning stage. To catch up with the world's leading levels, China's BNCT groups need breakthrough theories, methods and technologies.


Background:The most important acute complication of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is abrupt closure by dissection and thrombus, which account for the majority of deaths and emergency coronary artery bypass procedures associated with PTCA. We studied the relationship between clinical, angiographic characteristics and abrupt thrombotic closure related to coronary intervention. Methods:One hundred thirty two patients (61.6±8.0 year, 98 male) underwent PTCA or stenting under the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction were analyzed at between Jan '97 and Jun '98. Patients were divided into two groups, one, 14 patients (Group A, 61.7±8.0 year, 9 male), who developed thrombotic occlusion, and the other, 118 patients (Group B, 61.5±8.0 year, 89 male) who did not develop abrupt closure related to the coronary intervention. Result:There were no significant differences in age, sex, risk factors, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, location of lesion, branch involvement, lesion severity, AHA/ACC morphology between two groups. The incidence of intra-coronary thrombus was greater in Group A than in Group B (44% vs. 2%, p=0.025). Acute thrombotic occlusion related to the coronary interventions developed more frequently in the lesions within two days after the symptomatic onset (55% vs. 19%, p=0.035) and in the right coronary artery (RCA) lesions (55% vs. 24%, p=0.041). Conclusion:Predictors of abrupt thrombotic occlusion during coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction are intracoronary thrombus, earlier intervenion within 2 days after onset of aucte myocardial infarction and RCA lesion. (Korean Circulation J 1999;29(1):22-27)


Abstract
Purpose — The principal hypothesis of this program of research is that people's choices of which resources to own are a function of expected travel needs.

Methodology/approach — This chapter reports recent research using a stated-choice survey design that is innovative in two respects. First, respondents are asked to consider two types of choice having different time horizons but which are thought to be linked in a strategic-tactical structure. The two types of choices are (a) purchasing 'mobility resources', which include commitments such as car ownership and subscription to carsharing services and (b) choosing a mode of transport for a particular instance of travel. The second methodological innovation is that respondents indicate their choices in the context of giving advice to a demographically similar 'avatar'.

The development of a technique for 'empirically constrained' efficient design is discussed, as is its application to this survey. This objective is to provide survey designs with a high degree of statistical efficiency whilst maintaining plausibility in the combination of attribute levels. Field data from an empirical application (n = 72) was collected and analysed.

Findings — The proposed method for efficient design proved successful. The main substantive findings from the empirical application are presented, along with detailed results relating to how different demographic classes of respondents engaged with the instrument. For instance, living with one's partner and living with no children at home were associated with high scores on a scale of similarity between the experimental choice context and one's real-world mobility choices.

Research limitations/implications — The proposed techniques appear promising, though the empirical results must be viewed as indicative only due to the size and coverage of the field data sample.


Crack propagation is studied in a geomaterial subject to weakening by the presence of water, which dissolves a mineral component. Such weakening is common when tensile microcracks develop, constituting sites of enhanced mineral dissolution. A previous concept is adopted of reactive chemo-plasticity, with the yield limit depending on the mineral mass dissolved, causing chemical softening. The dissolution is described by a rate equation and is a function of variable internal specific surface area, which in turn is assumed to be a function of dilative plastic deformation. The crack vicinity in plane strain is subject to a constant subcritical all-round uniform radial tensile traction. The behaviour of the material is rigid-plastic with chemical softening. The extended Johnson approximation is adopted, meaning that all fields involved are axisymmetric around the crack tip, with a small, unstressed cavity around it. Initial dissolution proportional to the initial porosity activates the plastic yielding. The to...


IN A WEAPON SYSTEM, A CYLINDRICAL BOX IS PULLED ON A GOAL. BOX 12 CARRIES A DEVICE 26 WITH INFRARED OBJECTIVE DETECTION AND, WHEN A GOAL IS DETECTED, A PROJECTILE 24 IS TAKING DOWN FROM THE BACKGROUND OF THE MISSILE SURVIVING. A MOVEMENT OF ROTATION IS IMPORTED TO MISSILE IN ORDER TO STABILIZE ITS FLIGHT AND A MOVEMENT OF NUTATION IS IMPORTED TO THE MISSILE IN ORDER TO PRODUCE A LARGER AREA OF OBJECTIVE. THE PROJECTILE SHAPES A LOWER END CONCAVE THE MISSILE AND IS TAKEN BY AN EXPLOSIVE LOAD 18.


In the recent past the invasion of two new sponge pests Cliom nuirgarMfera Dendy and C. lobata Hancock on the moUuscan beds of the southwest coast of India is reported. These two new pests made their first appearance on cultured pearl oysters on raft at Vizhinjam in 1980 and thence started spreading to the economically important moUuscan beds in and around Vizhinjam. The spreading of these pests along the southwest coast of India was rather fast and from this coast C. margarttijera could migrate to the raft-cultured pear! oysters at Tuticorin and C. lobaia to thechank beds off Tbiruchendur (southeast coast) within two years i.e. by 1982.


Although the smoothing of experimental pole-density data modifies the primary data set, the effect
of such a procedure on the Orientation Distribution Function and on the interpretation of the texture
was not considered until recently. The influence of smoothing on texture reproduction will be derived
for the case, that the Orientation Distribution Function is approximated by a linear combination of
normal distributions (ideal orientation components) and smoothing is carried out with normal
distributions, too. The characteristic component parameters are well-suited to indicate changes of the
Orientation Distribution Function. The observed texture variations as a consequence of smoothing lead
to the conclusion, that moderate smoothing does not falsifythe texture. Several possibilities to control
the effect of smoothing will be discussed. Based on the visual comparison of smoothed and unsmoothed
pole-figures it is argued, that even extreme smoothing may be useful for some purposes.


Purpose To search for important mutations in LOC387715/ARMS2 gene.

Methods 80 patients with choroidal neovascularization subsequent to age-related macular degeneration undergoing anti-VEGF treatment were screened for LOC387715/ARMS2 mutations. PCR followed by gene sequencing was performed. If polymorphism A69S coexisted with R38STOP gene cloning with pGEM-T vector was done.

Results R38STOP mutation was found in 5 patients, A69S in 59 patients, in 3 cases R38STOP coexisted with A69S on the other allele. Due to substantial shortening of the R38STOP translation product, the protein is probably not effective. In patients with A69S polymorphism coexisting with R38STOP there is only A69S effective allele – so patients should be treated as A69S homozygous.

Conclusion There is increasing number of studies with A69S variant of ARMS2 but only gene sequencing provide reliable date in these cases. If R38STOP is taken into account, A69S is even more important AMD risk factor. Gene sequencing is advisable in studies with LOC387715/ARMS2.


This article examines the process by which Buddhism became a "religion" in Meiji Japan (1868-1912). As part of the climate of modernization, foreigners, government officials, and the press increasingly identified Buddhism as superstitious and backward. In response, Buddhist leaders divided traditional Buddhist cosmology and practices into the newly constructed categories "superstition" and "religion." Superstition was deemed "not really Buddhism" and purged, while the remainder of Buddhism was made to accord with Westernized ideas of religion. Buddhist philosopher Inoue Enryō was crucial to this process. This paper explores "superstition" and "religion" in his writings, and it discusses the aspects of Buddhism that were invented and sublimated under the influence of this distinction. This paper argues that not only did Buddhism became a religion in Meiji Japan but also that in order to do so it had to eliminate superstitions, which included numerous practices and beliefs that had previously been central.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the genotype distributions of carbapenemases produced by Acinetobacter baumannii and the relateness of drug resistance of antibiotics suehas carbapenem.METHODS A hundred strains of isolated A.baumannii between Jan 2008 and Dec 2008 in our hospital were collected,the genotypes of all strains including IMP,VIM-1,VIM-2,SIM-1,OXA-23,OXA-24,OXA-51,and OXA-58 were detected by PCR,the drug resistance to 16 kinds of commonly used antibiotics was detected by disk diffusion(K-B);the MICs of imipenem(IPM),and meropenem(MEM) against different carbapenemases-producing A.baumannii were detected by E-test.RESULTS Of 100 strains,78 strains produced carbapenemase OXA-66,31 strains produced carbapenemase OXA-23,of which 30 strains produced both carbapenemase OXA-66 and OXA-23.The drug resistance rates of 21 non-carbapenemase-producing strains to commonly used antibiotics except cefoperazone were 38.1%,all of the rest were below 10%.The resistance rates of OXA-66 type carbapenemase-producing strains only to IPM,cefoperazone/sulbactam,ampicillin/sulbactam,piperacillin/tazobactam were 0%,10.4%,33.3% and 47.9%,but to other antibiotics were all above 50.0%;while producing OXA-23 and OXA-66 carbapenemases strains apart from cefoperazone/sulbactam resistance rates were 53.3%,the resistance rates to other antibiotics were more than 95.0%.The MICs of the non-carbapenemases-producing strains to IPM and MEM were between 0.19 μg/ml and 0.5 μg/ml.While the MICs of OXA-66 carbapenemase-producing strains were the 2-4 μg/ml,those of all of the OXA-23 producing strains were more than 32 μg/ml.CONCLUSIONS The carbapenemase gene OXA-66 in A.baumannii widely occurrs in hospital;the drug resistance rates of the carbapenemases-producing strains are significantly higher than that of non-carbapenemases-producing strains.The drug resistance of OXA-66 strains to carbapenem is at low level;the hydrolysis ability of carbapenemase OXA-23 to drugs is likely to be stronger than that of OXA-66;carbapenemases OXA-23 and OXA-66 simultaneously produced by A.baumannii are the main reason to cause the high drug resistance of A.baumannii.


We have grown a-axis YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 films aligned in the plane of the substrate (100) LaSrGaO 4 by offaxis sputtering. X-ray and TEM analysis show a single predominant orientation of the b and c axes in these films. In-plane texture x-ray scans and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy channeling reveal good crystalline quality. TEM analysis shows antiphase boundaries in the [010] direction and stacking fault boundaries in the [001] direction. We obtain an anisotropy ratio in resistivity of 8. The anisotropy in resistivity as well as in critical current density is less than that in single crystals. The reduction can be accounted for by the small percentage of misoriented grains in these films. We also investigate the resistive properties of antiphase boundaries and stacking fault boundaries


SthlmTech, Stockholm's startup ecosystem, is famous for being an innovation hub that produces more billion-dollar startups per capita than anywhere else except Silicon Valley. This success, people within the community say, is down to the ecosystem of organizations and experts that facilitate the creation and growth of startups via a well-organized curriculum that guides entrepreneurs through the "business" of starting-up. In this article, I examine this understanding of the ecosystem as a neutral, smooth, and ordered apparatus for maximizing the speed and efficiency of innovation. Specifically, I challenge how this popular conception of the ecosystem conceptualizes expertise and experts as mechanistic components ready to be deployed along the path of entrepreneurs training. By analyzing the expertise of ecosystem experts in practice, this paper aims to demonstrate what the ecosystem curriculum foregrounds and what it obscures and how the ideas behind this curriculum shape much more than routine business procedure.


There is abundant evidence today that many evangelicals and Catholics are prepared to reconsider together the basic features of a scripturally governed understanding of Mary in God's plan of salvation. Chosen to be the mother of the Messiah, Mary interprets the significance of this election when she exclaims "all generations will call me blessed, for he who is mighty has done great things for me" (Lk 1:48–49). On the part of Roman Catholics, much work has been done since the Second Vatican Council to clarify that the Blessed Mary is one of us, a member of the community of God's creation, a descendent of a fallen race, and a member of the community of those redeemed through the grace of the one God and Mediator, her Son, the Christ.1 On the part of evangelicals, Timothy George's


Human papillomavirus (HPV), p16, and p53 have been investigated as prognostic markers in various HPV‐related cancers. Within the field of vaginal cancer, however, the evidence remains sparse. In this systematic review, we have compiled the presently published studies on the prognostic significance of HPV and immunohistochemical expression of p16 and p53 among women with vaginal cancer.


The remote wireless surveillance system based on 3G consist of the front-end image capture module, data transmission module, and the back-end monitoring part. The basis elements of the system and the principle is discussed .The system of software and the hardware is introduced. The system is high-compressed, of high quality ,easily wiring, and of high efficiency. The best use of the system is to surveillance the complicated enviroment of a large scale project.


In his elegantly written introduction to O Cinema no Seculo, Ismail Xavier comments on the crossroads at wich the
area of film studies finds itself at the turn of the century. For those who are not familiar with the most important trends of film theory, Xavier's text comes in handy. After all, few areas of knowledge have been as influential in the human sciences in our century as the study of cinema.


In this communication, we propose a framework for amalgamating optical-orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (O-OFDM) and O-OFDM with index modulation (O-OFDM-IM) for optical wireless systems. Both schemes individually have some limitations, e.g., O-OFDM does not provide any granularity for spectral efficiency (SE)/energy efficiency (EE) trade-off, and O-OFDM-IM loses EE for higher order modulation alphabets. By combining O-OFDM and O-OFDM-IM together, the above limitations can be circumvented. Following on from providing the general framework, we use asymmetrically clipped (AC)O-OFDM and ACO-OFDM-IM to demonstrate the validity of the framework. The results presented herein establish that, by consolidating O-OFDM and O-OFDM-IM, in addition to providing SE/EE trade-off, we may realise higher SE and outperform O-OFDM-IM in terms of EE for high SE.


Based on the China Homogenized Historical Temperature Dataset(1951-2004) Version 1.0 and the diurnal mean temperature data,the monthly mean temperature at 123 stations in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP) and its surrounding were gridded using the Climate Anomaly Method.Further,the series of the monthly temperature anomaly from 1951 to 2006 in the QXP were built by the area-weighted average method.In order to maximize the use of the observation data,the method using the data at nearby reference station to correct the short series of the climatic standard values on the air temperature data were discussed.The Singular Spectral Analysis(SSA) of the builted dataset indicates that nonlinear increasing trend is nearly 50% of the total variance of the annual mean air temperature in the QXP,and the white noise is almost 20% of the total variance.The anomaly series of the annual mean air temperature in the QXP is very close to that of the Northern Hemisphere at the same period and the warming in the QXP has no advance.Because the noise rate in the QXP is much greater than that of the Northern Hemisphere,which may have a significant influence on estimating the linear trend rate of the temperature series in the QXP.


The results of an exploratory study using mailed questionnaire responses from purchasing directors of 54 large manufacturing firms are presented in this paper. The effect of buyer-supplier power, q...


This study's empirical analysis shows that the cons umers' switching costs when changing SNS are less than that when changing BB service. SN S switching cost is estimated at JPY 944, while that in BB service is estimated at JPY 2864 (JPY 80 = USD 1 on 21st May 2012). According to these results, the switching cost of the former is approx imately one-third of that of the latter. One of the reasons why SNS switching costs are smaller could b e because of the current small number of friends on SNS. In this survey, approximately half of the respondents stated that their number of friends on SNS was less than 10.


Abstract : A high density jet was successfully generated. The penetration characteristics of the jet into steel are analyzed. (Author)


Choosing the right algorithm and a corresponding adder topology depends on many factors closely related to the technology of implementation. With transition to CMOS where circuit delay has a complex relation to implementation parameters and with transition to deep-submicron technology with its own complexity, to make the right choice becomes even more difficult. This relationship is even more complicated with inclusion of power consumption. In this chapter we present this complex relationship and highlight the important factors that influence the right choices in the algorithm, circuit topology, operating conditions and power consumption


To investigate the inhibition effects of NO-donating oleanane derivative(SO-10) on human hepatoma cell lines and the antitumor activities of NO,MTT assay was used to analyze human hepatoma cells(HepG2,BEL-7402 and SMMC-7721) proliferation.SO-10 strongly inhibited human hepatoma cell proliferation and their IC50 values were 1.19±0.12 μmol/L for HepG2,1.98±0.85 μmol/L for BEL-7402 and 5.92±0.58 μmol/L for SMMC-7721 after 48 h.Apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by SO-10 was detected by flow cytometry(FCM),showing that SO-10 dramatically triggered apoptosis in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner.The amount of NO produced by SO-10 were increased from 30 min to 6 h examined by the Griess assay.Furthermore,pre-treatment with different concentrations of hemoglobin notably reduced the concentrations of NO and inhibited the cytotoxicity of SO-10 against HepG2 cells.SO-10 showed remarkable effects of inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis of human hepatoma cell lines.The significantly high concentrations of NO produced by SO-10 might contribute to its cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells.


Coastal erosion that occurring in the north coast of Java, led to significant coastline erosion. One of the areas that run into the coastline erosion is Demak Regency. To overcome the problem, the concept of Building with Nature (BwN) is proposed. This concept uses the media from nature to reduce the wave energy and being sediment trap. BwN has applied in Demak Regency, exactly in Sayung village since 2013. According to the evaluation, the BwN was able to capture sediment of 0.4 cm/year. The amount of sediment is expected to be increased by adding the number of BwN and change the pattern of BwN. To determine the amount of increased sediment, a model using the DELFT3D software is utilized. The data used in the model is based on field measurement data in 2016. BwN in the model is defined as thin dam. The results show that the average amount of sediment around BwN after adding two BwN in front of the existing BwN increase to 0,6 cm/year. This solution is expected to help the faster shoreline restoration in Demak coast.


The height of ship's draft mark is a vertical height, but the draft mark is installed on curved surface of ship hull, so the draft mark must be have an expansion. There are some methods for expansion, but the principium of methods is the same, and the expansion will be good by special software. This paper sums up the principium, method and technique of expansion the draft mark on diverse positions on ship hull.


This paper introduced the whole flow of data processing for GAMIT. Through processing and analyzing the IGS stations' s data,it is shown that the data processed with GAMIT has higher precision,and can be widely used in scientific research,plate movement and other fields.


The rapid loss of silver grains from processed autoradiographs has been traced to the use of unsatisfactory dehydrating reagents and mounting media.


AbstractThis paper examines the influence of wall reactions on the generation of the explosive time scale that characterizes ignition delay around the third explosion limit of a stoichiometric H2/a...


Financial aid for economically disadvantaged college students is an important task and systemic project in educational management which can not be ignored.This paper has analyzed several existing problems in current financial aid,and puts forward suggestions on building dynamic credit files,broadening channels of subvention,optimizing subsidization system,implementing model education,and paying attention to mental health in order to improve the financial aid for economically disadvantaged college students.


The relationships of species were studied by making crosses in the genus Hordeum. Most of the crosses were between H. vulgare and one of the wild species. Embryo culture was necessary to produce most hybrids. The methods used for the preparation of the nutrient agar and for the excision of the embryos are given. Data on the seeds harvested, embryos transplanted, embryos germinated, and on the number of surviving plants are listed for 111 interspecific and six intergeneric crosses. In most of these crosses viable embryos were produced which later germinated and grew normally for a time but later died. Fourteen viable hybrids were obtained.


The crystallographic orientation of polycrystalline zinc oxide films grown on optical fibers using single-source chemical vapor deposition (SS CVD) of basic zinc acetate have been studied. The films have been characterized using near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure. For the SS CVD ZnO growth on planar substrates, the film orientation can be varied from randomly oriented to highly c-axis oriented. In contrast, the films grown on optical fibers were either randomly oriented or a,b-axis oriented, depending on growth conditions. The correlations between growth conditions and the crystallographic properties of the films on fibers were discussed. The results suggest that factors such as curvature may have an effect on the crystallinity of film growth.


Albinism is a set of heritable disorders in ectoderm-derived tissue linked with reduced or missing melanin. Reduce melanin synthesis might include the skin, hair follicles and the eye, causing eyelid or locating the eye in the main, leading to eye albinism. Common eye symptoms include foveal hypoplasia, fundal hypopigmentation, iris transillumination, nystagma, visual acuity reduction, stereopsis decreased or absent, squint, and abnormalities in refractive functionality. Fixing the refractive defect, sun glasses or specific photo aversion filter lenses and prismatism for an irregular head posture may be needed. Operation with strabismus is typically unneeded but may be done to enhance the peripheral fields of visual fusion. In this review, we summarize ocular manifestations of albinism.


Virtual prototype technology is an effective way for improving the efficiency of the development of mechanical product. Based on the analyses of the connotation and critical factors of virtual prototype technology and profile modeling spray equipment for fruit trees, the method of apply virtual prototype technology and profile modeling spray for fruit trees is given.


When higher education institutions want to offer online learning program they need to overcome various constraints. One of them is the system. The Learning Management System (LMS) discussed is a web-based system developed and implemented in-house for a private university with a purpose to enable its new online learning program. The program differs from the regular face to face program since it is dominated with online classes. The LMS was designed and implemented to provide the right solution. The LMS succeed to facilitate students and lecturers in obtaining academic information and learning process anytime, anywhere via the internet. Since most of the time the students don't come to the campus. In this study we explore the findings, discuss issues in the research, suggest how these results may foster improvement and give an input for other higher education institutions.


Error analysis of two kinds of blasting vibration velocity formula shows that both which have small relative errors,while the volatility is great.In order to avoid big errors volatility between the predicted values and the actual value and lead to unreasonable blasting design,the possibility of vibration velocity of the maximum error under certain reliability indexes by using the error analysis of reliability was put forward,which provided basis for evaluating blasting vibration.


The increased use of hybrid warfare opens the door to subversion of human rights and the undermining of our institutions. This short paper argues that key principles, in particular proportionality, must be adapted for utilization in the grey zone to prevent grey zone actors from exploiting international law at the dualistic seams.


Turner syndrome (TS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality affecting females and cardiac abnormalities have been described in up to 50% of patients. Although coarctation represents one of the most frequent cardiac malformation, treatment options in these patients represent an area of debate, due to associated aortopathy and risk for aortic dissection. In addition to the contradictory data found in the literature, regarding the safety profile and utility of stenting of coarctation of the aorta in TS patients, we present the case of a patient of pediatric age, who successfully underwent the procedure, being free from periprocedural and short-term complications. Beside the presentation itself, we aimed to review and summarize the data available in the literature regarding this topic. As a conclusion, we emphasize the role of minimally invasive interventional therapy and wish to underline the need of further, larger scale studies and guidelines in this patient group. Given the related aortopathy, all preventive measures should be undertaken to avoid aortic dissection during stent implantation in this vulnerable population. Although the evolution of our patient was favorable, data found in the literature is somewhat contradictory and a close follow-up is indicated to help evaluate the risk of long-term complications.


Colleges employ a wide variety of policies to regulate alcohol and drug use. A model where a regulator monitors the activity of a heterogeneous population of individuals is presented. Engaging in the activity is desired by each, but the aggregate activity exhibits a negative externality. The regulator is unable to observe the quantity or propensity for the activity of any individual, but can establish a maximum acceptable amount of activity and imperfectly monitor compliance with the standard. In this environment the choices made, the need for regulation, and imperfect monitoring are investigated to show that effective policy depends on the goal of the regulator.


Objective To review the experience of correction of congenital cardiac defects through a right thoracotomy.Methods 106 patients underwent correction of congenital heart malformations through right lateral thoracotomy under cardiopulmonary bypass.The average age and average body weight were 4.3±2.8 years (4 months to 14 years) and 15.4±6.4 kg (6 to 38 kg) respectively.Cardiac defects repaired included atrial septal defect (ASD) in 37 patients, ventricular septal defect (VSD) in 68,pulmonary hypertension in 7,mitral insufficiency in 2 and Fallot's tetralogy in 1.The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 53.9±21 min and the mean aortic cross clamping time was 19.2±15 min respectively.The average mechanical ventilation time after operation was 7.11±13 h.Results No operative mortality and severe post-operative complications were noted.Conclusion The right lateral thoacotomy is a safe and effective alternative to a median sternotomy for correction of cardiac defects.Advantages of this approach include less injury,maintaining the continuity and the integrity of the bonythorax, and preventing post-operative pigeon breast.The cosmetic result is superior to that of median sternotomy in treatment of ordinary congenital heart defects such as ASD,VSD and so on.


Predicting the true status of Data Deficient (DD) species is a prominent theme in recent conservation biology, but there still is much debate regarding the conservation approach that should be used for DD taxa and no definitive conclusions are yet available. We review and analyse the current data available on the conservation status of amphibians in Vietnam, with an emphasis on the DD species. We also compare Vietnamese DD frequency of occurrence with other regions of the world, examine the extent of the range of taxa divided by Red List status, and explore the protection attributes of the taxa based on their inclusion within protected areas of Vietnam. We documented that the analysis of amphibians in Southeast Asia, and especially in Vietnam, substantially agrees with patterns highlighted by previous global research, and confirms the risk that several DD species may silently go extinct without their actual risk ever being recognized. Importantly, our study showed that fine-scale analyses are essential to highlight the potential drivers of extinction risk for the DD species of amphibians. A crucial next step for conservation policies in Vietnam (and in surrounding countries) is developing and implementing species-specific studies targeted at addressing each species' drivers of extinction and determining science-based strategies for minimizing their extinction risk.


We demonstrate the saturation of non-resonantly pumped, cavity-coupled exciton emission from 5 nm PbSe nanocrystals on silicon photonic crystal microcavities at microwatt excitation powers at room temperature, in agreement with simulations.


The instrumentation and procedures required to run a reliable performance test on a large steam turbine-generator require careful and detailed planning. The location of the measurements for the test of a turbine-generator with a typical feedwater cycle and the type of instruments and their application is described. The accuracy of measuring the performance is evaluated from an analysis of the probable errors in measuring flows, temperatures, pressures, and generator load. The probable errors determined by this method are compared to the consistency of data that has been obtained on turbine performance tests and to performance measured by more than one method.


In view of the dimension limit of traditional serial feature fusion method and the quantity limit of parallel complex vector feature fusion method,an evolution of parallel vector feature fusion method based on quaternion is proposed.The feasibility and rationality of the method are proved in detail.Meanwhile,Fisher classification method in real and complex domains is generalized into quaternion space.Furthermore,the feasibility and the detailed proving process of the generalized Fisher method used in image classification are also given.Finally,the novel algorithm is used in face detection and good effect is obtained.


Low Density Parity Check(LDPC) codes is one of the high topics of the channel coding theory and has been paid more and more attention.This paper begins with a brief review of channel coding theories.Then the iterative decoding algorithm of LDPC codes,so-called as Sum-Product algorithm or Belief Propagation algorithm,is represented in detail.And the construction of LDPC codes by means of random bipartite graph and algebraic constructions,and the performance analysis by Density Evolution theory,Gaussian Approximation method and Extrinsic Information Transfer(EXIT) charts etc.,are respectively discussed.Finally,the latest study results of LDPC codes are presented and some open questions about LDPC codes are provided.


In most of the telemedicine applications, the role of image compression techniques is important to deal with the medical images. This will be used for storage and transfer of data over a low bandwidth channel. One of the main drawbacks of the lossy compression algorithms is that it is not applicable for multimedia application while the overall quality of the image can be controlled to some extent. Due to the multiple properties of the Wavelet Transform over DCT, the wavelet based techniques (JPEG 2000) have produced better results compared to DCT based techniques (JPEG). Results of the above-noted techniques were compared and different parameters for medical images such as compression, MSE, SNR, PSNR analysis were carried out.


The GTL-1 experiment was conducted to assess corrosion the performance of the proposed Boosted Fast Flux Loop booster fuel at heat flux levels {approx}30% above the design operating condition. Sixteen miniplates fabricated from 25% enriched, high-density U3Si2/Al dispersion fuel with 6061 aluminum cladding were subjected to peak beginning of cycle (BOC) heat fluxes ranging from 411 W/cm2 to 593 W/cm2. Miniplates fabricated with three different fuel variations (without fines, annealed, and with standard powder) performed equally well, with negligible irradiation-induced swelling and a normal fission density gradient. Both the standard and the modified prefilm procedures produced hydroxide films that adequately protected the miniplates from failure. A detailed finite element model was constructed to calculate temperatures and heat flux for an as-run cycle average effective south lobe power of 25.4 MW(t). Results of the thermal analysis are given at four times during the cycle: BOC at 0 effective full power days (EFPD), middle of cycle (MOC) at 18 EFPD, MOC at 36 EFPD, and end of cycle at 48.9 EFPD. The highest temperatures and heat fluxes occur at the BOC and decrease in a linear manner throughout the cycle. Miniplate heat flux levels and fuel, cladding, hydroxide, and coolant-hydroxide interface temperatures were calculated using the average measured hydroxide thickness on each miniplate. The hydroxide layers are the largest on miniplates nearest to the core midplane, where heat flux and temperature are highest. The hydroxide layer thickness averages 20.4 {mu}m on the six hottest miniplates (B3, B4, C1, C2, C3, and C4). This tends to exacerbate the heating of these miniplates, since a thicker hydroxide layer reduces the heat transfer from the fuel to the coolant. These six hottest miniplates have the following thermal characteristics at BOC: (1) Peak fuel centerline temperature >300 C; (2) Peak cladding temperature >200 C; (3) Peak hydroxide temperature >190 C; (4) Peak hydroxide-water interface temperature >140 C; and (5) Peak heat flux >565 W/cm2.


In most applications of adaptive filters, it is sufficient to have an rms measure of the error signal between the filter output and the desired signal. In an application of loop stability control, it is necessary to determine the spectral misadjustment, which will be a function of the input signal and any corrupting noise on the desired signal. For the case of a Gaussian input the spectral misadjustment can be shown to have a Rayleigh distribution. When the input signal is speech the spectral misadjustment must be determined by statistical methods.


Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWT) can be installed at the sites of the most abundant wind resource. However, the design uncertainties and risks must be reduced to make them economically competitive. The design and optimisation methodologies for FOWT support structures adopted up to date tend to follow a sequential analysis strategy. Since the FOWT system involves multiple distinct, highly coupled disciplines, its analysis and design are challenging. This paper presents an efficient implementation of a coupled model of dynamics in an optimisation process by applying a Multidisciplinary Design Analysis and Optimisation (MDAO) methodology. The coupling effects studied include the interdependence of the mean offset of the platform and the aerodynamic and mooring loads, as well as the velocity of the platform and the viscous damping. The trade-off between the solution accuracy and efficiency for the coupled and uncoupled models was quantified, and a range of iterative solvers were compared. The study showed that the coupling between the platform offset and the mooring and thrust loads has a significant influence on the values of the responses, converging at higher surge and pitch offsets, higher mooring loads, and at lower thrust. These non-conservative results demonstrated the criticality of the two-way coupling between the platform excursion and the mooring loads. Notably, the coupled solution was achieved at a relatively low increase in the total solution time (+16%), due to the high efficiency of Broyden's method.


The Olympic sport of skeleton involves an athlete riding a small sled face first down a bobsled track at speeds up to 130 km/hr. In these races, the difference between gold and missing the medal stand altogether can be hundredths of a second per run. As such, reducing aerodynamic drag through proper body positioning is of first order importance. To better study the flow behavior and to improve the performance of the athletes, we constructed a mock section of a bobsled track which was positioned at the exit of an open loop wind tunnel. DPIV measurements were made along with video recordings of body position to aid the athletes in determining their optimal aerodynamic body position. In the fluid dynamics video shown, the athlete slowly raised his head while DPIV measurements were made behind the helmet in the separated flow region.


Since the optical fiber communication has numerous advantages such as the large transmitting capacity, it has wide application in public networks and private networks. At the same time, the optical fiber communication networks is suitable for the development of B-ISDN, the power communication system attaches importance to the construction of this communication mode. This paper focuses on the optical fiber fusion welding technology in the practice with author's working experience.


Abstract In the earlier history of science, politics, science, and the public used to be considered as entirely separate areas. Those unbridgeable gaps that were said to lie between them should now be rejected. In the course of the growing significance of scientific systems for the state and society, science and the state, by establishing common institutions, entered into various relationships in different countries. Prior to such a wave of state-directed institutionalisation, a supraterritorial and supranational form of organisation was born for the German Territories, in which not a state but a new 'imagined' nation, the 'German Nation', was to provide the supporting framework. Starting in 1822, those meetings, called Versammlung deutscher Naturforscher und Arzte took place annually in a number of different cities within the borders of the 'German Bund', with the meetings acting as an instrument of integration on various levels: (1) on a geographical-political and a national level, (2) on a public level, but also (3) on a level of consciousness, by trying to reunite all the natural sciences. Moreover, the position of the sciences towards various publics with their complex correlations was directed consciously at the respective venues during the meetings since, in public, the institutions were presented as an indication of progress. The part that was played by earth sciences in this multilayered context of politics, the public, and research will be analysed on the basis of the 1837 congregation in Prague.


Platinum is relatively reactive, compared to silver and copper, which prompted us to study the growth and structure of a thin insulating layer on Pt(111). We grew monolayer islands of NaCl and studied them with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). STM images of the islands revealed a square lattice which we confirmed, via density functional theory (DFT) calculations, to be the Cl anions, similar to other surfaces. Surprisingly, however, the AFM images appeared to only resolve approximately two-thirds of the Cl ions. DFT calculations showed that the adsorption heights of the Cl anions above the surface have a bimodal distribution in which they are either approximately 60 pm above the Na ionic plane or 40 pm lower. An electrostatic model shows that this structure reproduces the AFM observations.


CHARLES CHENEY HYDE t The peace plans fixed by the settlements concluding the World War have failed. The major scheme to align a society of states against a socalled aggressor, and by force to put it in its place, has had tragic results. A country relying upon the organization of some fifty states committed to that scheme has been subjugated and its territory annexed by its foe. The plan designed to make all members of a vast group of states participants in a conflict between any two of their number, and to take sides therein, and which in theory left little room for neutrality, has proved to be a cruel delusion and a source of bitter disappointment. The various reasons need not be marshaled. Yet one stands out, which it has taken the Italian-Ethiopian conflict to bring home to civilization. It is this-that the use of collective force to chastise a covenant-breaking belligerent is likely to impose too severe a task upon, and hence be too dangerous for, the powers called upon to effect chastisement. A long series of events characterized by the successful use of military force by members of the League of Nations as against other members, with negligible interference from or through Geneva, has strengthened that conclusion. The King of the Belgians has been alive to the implications of it and has recently declared that the safety of his country from invasion calls for a self-defending independent Belgium that must be neutral in the wars that afflict its neighbors.' Possibly civilization has had to undergo the experience of the past eighteen years before thinking could be applied in a judicial spirit to the solution of the question whether a general respect for the principles of neutrality by non-belligerent states may not be a powerful means of checking wars, and even a more powerful one than an arrangement which contemplates the taking of sides against and the penalization of a state which in violation of its covenant embarks upon war against another. That question is engaging close and widespread attention, and in some places there has already been found a response. Acts of Congress enacted in 1935 and 1936, though of brief and fragmentary character,2 reveal a conclusion by the United States


Based on the complex network theory,a failure spreading dynamics model of urban water supply system is established,the self-repairing function and the failure spreading mechanism of urban water supply complex network nodes are considered into the model.The thesis studies the influence of two characteristic parameters that self-repairing factor and delay time factor on the node-repairing rate and fault node number of three widely-used city water supply complex networks(random network,scale-free network and small world network).The conformity of the simulated result and actual city water supply system indicates that the model can effectively simulate the failure spreading dynamics of urban water supply system.


Psychology is the scientific study of human and animal behavior, in all of its many manifestations. The Department of Psychology of Saint Joseph's offers students an exciting and challenging curriculum. The broad range of courses provides opportunities for understanding Psychology as a scientific, clinical, and corporate discipline. The Department's focus is on relevant, current research and the application of that research in experimental, clinical, counseling, health care and corporate settings. The full spectrum of activities and concerns of psychologists are covered, with consideration given to ethical issues.


Suitable replacement materials for ultrathin SiO/sub 2/ in deeply scaled MOSFETs such as lattice polarizable films, which have much higher permittivities than SiO/sub 2/, have bandgaps of only 3.0 to 4.0 eV. Due to these small bandgaps, the reliability of these films as a gate insulator is a serious concern. Ramped voltage, time dependent dielectric breakdown, and capacitance-voltage measurements were done on 190 /spl Aring/ layers of TiO/sub 2/ which were deposited through the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition of titanium tetrakis-isopropoxide. Measurements of the high and low frequency capacitance indicate that virtually no interface states are created during constant current injection stress. The increase in leakage upon electrical stress suggests that uncharged, near-interface states may be created in the TiO/sub 2/ film near the SiO/sub 2/ interfacial layer that allow a tunneling current component at low bias.


[PROBLEMS] To provide a tapered slot antenna which performs transmission and reception via a tapered emission opening which is optimal for MIMO. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS]An antenna is formed by two or more emission elements each having a tapered emission opening. The emission element includes a reflector at the tip end of the tapered emission opening side. Since the reflector is formed at the tip end of the emission element, the tapered emission opening is formed both in the emission element and the reflector. Thus, it is possible to obtain an axis length required for a wide band.


Japan has accumulated much mature experience in hospital management, which is worthy of being drawn upon by hospital managers in China. By means of an account of the model of ward rounds by doctors at three levels, the system of academic previews and the system of regular meetings for copying down and reading medical papers in foreign languages in Japanese hospitals and in light of the situation of domestic hospital management, the paper discusses measures for improving the system of ward rounds and scientific research management. The goal is to enhance the medical expertise levels, scientific research capabilities and foreign languages proficiency of medical workers in China so as to deliver better medical and healthcare services to the broad masses of the people.


We study the scattering interaction of electromagnetic pulses of short duration with a few targets. The targets are two spheres and a short cylinder made of metal, and they are buried at selected depths in dry sand contained in an indoor sandbox. The backscattered echoes are extracted by an impulse radar system playing the role of a ground penetrating radar (GPR). In general, multiple scattering between a buried target and the ground surface and scattering from discontinuities in the sand distort the returned echoes to the extent that target recognition by means of frequency signature is nearly impossible. These obstacles for successful target recognition can be counteracted by analyzing returned echoes by means of time-frequency distributions of the Wigner-type, or Cohen class, by which it is possible to study how each one of the target's signature features evolves in time. Numerous members of the Cohen class of time-frequency distributions have been proposed over the years, each with its own property of concentrating the features in time-frequency and ability of suppressing undesirable cross-terms interference. We examine how, and how well a few members of the Cohen class reveal the time-progression of each target's features. The time-frequency distributions we compare in this survey are the pseudo-Wigner distribution, the Choi-Williams distribution, the adaptive spectrogram, the cone-shaped distribution, the Gabor spectrogram, and the spectrogram. We discuss the ability of each method of analysis to extract and concentrate features of the signature of each target in time-frequency and to suppress undesirable interference from cross- terms or multiple scattering. The results serve to assess the possibility of identifying subsurface targets using a GPR.


U.S. energy prices have risen by 51% over the last two decades. Buildings account for 39% of the total energy consumption in the United States. The Federal Government is a significant user of commercial buildings and can save money, improve the environment, and stimulate the green technology sector by migrating to sustainable facilities. The 2009 Executive Order 13514, Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance, set a goal for all federal agencies to make 15% of their buildings High Performance Sustainable Buildings (HPSB) by 2015. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), which operates over 700 buildings, must convert 15 of its 126 directly leased buildings into HPSB within its existing budget resources. The FAA is currently leasing its building on rent cost per square foot and not Life Cycle Costs (LCCs). This is comparable to buying a car solely based on the sticker price to cargo capacity ratio. There are many more costs to consider over the length of ownership of a car, such as fuel economy, passenger capacity, and maintenance costs. One way for the FAA to meet the target in the existing budget is to incorporate LCC practices in the lease acquisition process. This way buildings are evaluated based on operational costs incurred over the entire lease term to yield net savings. To evaluate potential savings, an LCC Lease Analysis (LCCLA) decision support tool has been developed to assess leasing options factoring energy and water cost fluctuations for specific buildings in the FAA database. The tool includes three leasing strategies: (1) renewing the existing lease-this option will not help the FAA achieve the E.O.13514; (2) renovating the buildings to meet HPSB standards-the FAA may incur a higher rent, but will be able to satisfy E.0.13514; and (3) relocating the employees to a building that already satisfies E.O.13514. To generate accurate LCCLA results, surrogate data was used to analyze relationships between number of employees per building, cost per square foot, climate zones, and energy costs with respect to lease term, inflation, and energy costs projections. The analysis has identified fifteen buildings showing either a positive savings, net zero financial impact, or lowest costs. All but one of these buildings is less than 25000 square feet. This is a result of the lower cost of renovating smaller buildings. The analysis also reveals that full service leases do not allow the FAA to reap the benefits of the green technology. Since the responsibility of paying utilities falls to the lessor, the lessor is in a position to charge a premium rent to cover the stochastic energy costs. If those costs are actually less than what was negotiated, the lessor can pocket the difference. Partial service leases give finer control over money for utility bills. This method of leasing also has the capability of giving immediate feedback as to the performance of the efficiency of the building.


The Hubble Space Telescope has unified the world with a sense of awe and wonder for 2 I years and is currently more scientifically powerful than ever. I will present highlights of discoveries made with the Hubble Space Telescope, including details of planetary weather, star formation, extra-solar planets, colliding galaxies, and a universe expanding with the acceleration of dark energy. I will also present the unique technical challenges and triumphs of this phenomenal observatory, and discuss how our discoveries in the cosmos affect our sense of human unity, significance, and wonder.


This paper is concerned with the problem of nonlinear best simultaneous
 approximations in K?the Bochner function spaces with respect to Minkowski?
 norms in Euclidean spaces. Characterization results of the generalized best
 simultaneous approximation are established. These results are considered a
 generalization of the results concerning the Lebesgue Bochner spaces and the
 Orlicz Bochner spaces.


AIMS
To examine the prevalence of psychotic symptoms among regular methamphetamine users.

DESIGN
Cross-sectional survey.

SETTING
Participants were recruited from Sydney, Australia, through advertisements in free-press magazines, flyers and through word-of-mouth.

PARTICIPANTS
Methamphetamine users (n = 309) who were aged 16 years or over and took the drug at least monthly during the past year.

MEASUREMENTS
A structured face-to-face interview was used to assess drug use, demographics and symptoms of psychosis in the past year. Measures of psychosis included: (a) a psychosis screening instrument derived from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview; and (b) the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale subscales of suspiciousness, unusual thought content, and hallucinations. Dependence on methamphetamine was measured using the Severity of Dependence Scale.

FINDINGS
Thirteen per cent of participants screened positive for psychosis, and 23% had experienced a clinically significant symptom of suspiciousness, unusual thought content or hallucinations in the past year. Dependent methamphetamine users were three times more likely to have experienced psychotic symptoms than their non-dependent counterparts, even after adjusting for history of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.

CONCLUSION
The prevalence of psychosis among the current sample of methamphetamine users was 11 times higher than among the general population in Australia. Dependent methamphetamine users are a particularly high-risk group for psychosis.


The effect of variable solar activity (on the 11-year solar cycle time scale) on surface temperature at Toronto has been evaluated for three recent decades. For this data segment, it is highly probable that variable solar activity did influence climate and that the effects for the three decades were often significantly different. These inter-decade differences in solar effects were not random, but were organized in a coherent pattern in time. This pattern was substantially independent of season, climate parameter or statistical test, although there were major seasonal variations in the relative magnitude of modulated solar effects compared to unmodulated solar effects. The inter-decade variability had a maximum in spring and a minimum in autumn; on the other hand, the net effects of solar variability (ignoring interdecade variations) were weakest in spring and strongest in autumn.


Abstract : This thesis examines the decision-making processes used by company grade officers operating in combat roles in Iraq and seeks to determine if innovation largely originates among lower ranking officers. The author analyzes the incentives structure and the command climate of the U.S. Army in Iraq and how officers operate within this environment. Interviews with officers who served in Iraq illuminate the motivations for innovation. The thesis identifies the many obstacles that officers encounter in attempting to "innovate from below."


Background: As NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) countries participate in many international missions and joint operations around the world, NATO considered it a necessity for personnel to be able to communicate in a common language. Therefore, one of the main tasks of the NATO multinational setting is the teaching and the assessment of languages. Consequently, there is a need for personnel to achieve the Standard Language Profiles (SLP). Each NATO country must develop SLP exams to achieve the required levels based on NATO STANAG (Standard agreement) 6001. If the examinees do not achieve those levels and the global results are unsatisfactory, NATO members can be affected by a reduction of financial support or the assignment to NATO postings. This study aimed to create a training strategies proposal (TSP) for personnel to achieve NATO L2. Methods: The study consisted of four separate studies: 1) Preliminary survey/interview of military personnel about NATO L2 training; 2) gathering data from NATO L2 exams after normal training; 3) gathering of data from NATO L2 exams after the TSP had been implemented; 4) Post-training survey. Data was collected from examinees over a period of six months or one year, using mixed data collection methods: surveys, interviews, and exam results. Results: A total of 50 examinees took part in the study. Results showed that the number of examinees who passed the NATO L2 increased after going through the TSP. Conclusions: The results show that the TSP, using newer methodologies and different techniques, improved NATO L2 results. The outcomes of this study will help to inform future training and education programs.


The study was carried on two months old piglets reared on uniform housing and managemental condition in a private farm at Sonkurhia village, Nalbari district of Assam with an objective to cut down cost of feed per unit weight gain. First group was fed with commercially available feed which is completely replaced in second group with locally available feed ingredients. During experimental period, monthly body weight gain, blood biological analysis besides daily feed intake were recorded. The intake of feed/kg gain in body weight was found to be 3.88±0.26 and 3.95±0.43 kg respectively in standard and treated groups which did not differ significantly. There were no significant difference obserbed in the blood biochemical profile in both the groups on collecition days. The cost of feed formulated locally was approximately Rs 19.23/kg which is less than the standard commercial feed of Rs 26.00/kg attributed greatly to the cost of meat production in the study which is Rs 75.46/kg in comparision to Rs 58.08/kg in the treated group.


Heterostructures made by stacking different materials on top of each other are expected to exhibit unusual properties and new phenomena. Interface of the heterostructures plays a vital role in determining their properties. Here, we report the observation of a two-dimensional (2D) spinodal interface in graphene-molybdenum carbide ({\alpha}-Mo2C) heterostructures, which arises from spinodal decomposition occurring at the heterointerface, by using scanning tunneling microscopy. Our experiment demonstrates that the 2D spinodal interface modulates graphene into whispering gallery resonant networks filled with quasi-bound states of massless Dirac fermions. Moreover, below the superconducting transition temperature of the underlying {\alpha}-Mo2C, the 2D spinodal interface behaves as disorders, resulting in the breakdown of the proximity-induced superconductivity in graphene. Our result sheds new light on tuning properties of heterostructures based on interface engineering.


A modified illumination method recently developed is known to improve resolution and depth of focus (DOF) dramatically. But, it requires substantial modification in the optical projection system and has some problems such as low throughput caused by low intensity and poor uniformity. To solve these problems, we developed a new illumination technique, named advanced tilted illumination on mask (ATOM) using phase grating which is the same, in principle, as quadrupole illumination but a very simple approach with little loss of intensity. In our experiments, we obtained the best resolution of 0.28 micrometers and 2.0 micrometers DOF for 0.36 micrometers feature size with an i-line stepper, which is two times as wide as that of a conventional illumination method. We also obtained 0.22 micrometers resolution and 2.0 micrometers DOF for 0.28 micrometers with an 0.45 NA KrF excimer laser stepper. For complex device patterns, a more than 1.5 times wider DOF could be obtained compared to the conventional illumination method. From these results, we conclude that second generation of 64 M DRAM with 0.30 micrometers design rule could be printed well with this technology combined with high NA (> 0.5) i-line steppers. With a KrF excimer laser stepper, a 256 M DRAM with a 0.25 micrometers design rule can be printed with the wide DOF.


Abstract : This program will develop avalanche photodiodes (APDs) and APD arrays for applications in the MIR. Results to date include photodiodes operating at 2.5 microns, theoretical designs for absorption regions out to 5 microns, and initial results on strain-compensated absorption regions.


This paper analyses axle load transfer calculation theory,and creates a good visual interface to achineve the calculation of available common equations which are used for calculating axle load transfer and best traction height of various types of locomotive in arbitrary drawing.With this interface,the influence on axle load transfer of factors,such as primary and secondary suspension method,stiffness,traction height,wheelbase,the arrangement of traction motor maximum traction force,coupler height,the number of axles can be researched quickly and easily.


The term "cyber" has been used widely in recent times and in particular in the context of security. Given the wide usage in formal and informal contexts, it is possible that its origin and true meaning will not be fully appreciated and understood. The Cooperative Cyber Defense Center of Excellence (CCDCE) has made available a range of various definitions. The term cyber has become very prevalent and appeared in many national and international statements and in some cases having contradictory interpretations. This chapter aims to revisit the term cyber by walking through its use in various contexts. It starts from the context of the word's origin; what is really entailed in the cyber world; and definitions portraying the understanding of the term from academics, national, and international organizations. Finally, the chapter combines the different interpretations into a single abridged definition from the various accumulated perspectives.


Benzoylprop-ethyl (ethyl-N-benzoyl-N (3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-amino-propionate) at 1.1 to 5.5 kg/ha gave good control of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) resulting in significantly higher yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Manitou and Neepawa). Late herbicide application (4-leaf growth stage of wild oats) provided better wild oat control and slightly better wheat yields than early application (1.5-leaf stage) in 1969 but not in 1970. Of the three herbicide formulations evaluated, the FX 2182 liquid formulation gave slightly higher wheat yields. Benzoylprop-ethyl at 1.4 kg/ha in mixture with TCA (sodium salt of trichloroacetic acid) at 0.56 kg/ha was less effective in controlling wild oats than benzoylprop-ethyl alone, but wheat yields were unaffected. However, addition of the amine salt of 2,4-D ((2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid) or MCPA ([(4-chloro-o-tolyl) oxy] acetic acid) at 0.56 kg/ha to benzoylprop-ethyl/TCA mixtures significantly reduced the efficiency of benzoylprop-ethyl for wild oat control and ...