Introduction: Mare Nubium is a Pre-Nectarian basin (~4.5 by to ~3.9 by) and represents one of the most ancient circular basin located at 21.3° S to 16.6° W towards the near side of the Moon. It is having diameter of about 750 km [1] and surrounded by Mare Humorum and Mare Cognitum basin towards its eastern and northern boundaries, respectively. This basin possesses vast morphological and structural diversity that includes mafic as well as silicic volcanic units, recent mare patches (Irregular Mare Patches, IMP), faults (Rupes Recta), rilles, wrinkle ridges and complex craters. The present work is an attempt to explore and understand the geology of Mare Nubium basin of the Moon. It has been carried out by analyzing the surface composition and mineralogy of various basaltic units and other morphological features of the basin in a spatial context using very high-resolution data mainly from ISRO's Chandrayaan-1 mission. Detail compositional mapping of the basin have been carried out by investigating the pyroxene variability with hyperspectral Imaging sensors, HySI and M. It has been further analyzed for its various morphological and structural features along with their spatial distribution and stratigraphic relationships. The results have been interpreted to understand the source, nature and extent of pyroxene variability within the various basaltic units and determine their age, delineate various other lithounits in order to understand the possible underlying petrological implications related with the formation and evolution of the basin. Data and Methodology: Datasets from Hyperspectral Imager (HySI) and Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M) from Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) Chandrayaan-1 (Ch-1) Mission, has been used for mineralogical characterization of the study area as they provides high-resolution data in terms of different spectral as well as spatial range. HySI works in spectral range of 421-964 nm with 64 continuous spectral bands with a spatial resolution of 80 m from 100 km altitude [2] while M works in the spectral range of ~450-3000-nm having a spatial resolution of ~140-280 m in two different modes [3]. ISRO's Ch-1 Terrain Mapping Camera (TMC) (5m/pixel) [2] and JAXA's Kaguya-SELENE Terrain Camera (TC) (10m/pixel) [4] data were used for the crater counting by CFSD method to determine the age of the studied basin. Besides, for morphological observations high-resolution TMC have been used alongwith NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) [5] wherever required. Results and Discussions: Mare Nubium is characterized by emplacement of vast expanses of various mare units that have been mapped by earlier remote observations [1,6,7]. In the present study mineralogy of these basaltic units were analyzed using HySI and M data. Various lithounits were delineated and their spectra have been analyzed using various spectral parameters given by [8] from the available HySI strips for the region. The mosaic generated using M was used to redefine the mare units based on reflectance and crater density. M data was also used for generating colour composite images by assigning colours to bands of interest or integrated band depth [9] for mineralogical characterization. The lithological heterogeneity reflected by these images as manifested in the form of colour variations was further analyzed by acquiring spectra from fresh craters present within the lithounits. These spectra were analyzed to characterize the individual mafic mineral constituents based on their diagnostic absorption features [10,11,12] and band parameter analysis to obtain the compositional variability of basalts at Mare Nubium. The technique of crater size-frequency distribution (CSFD) measurements based on the [13] lunar chronology and production functions was utilized for determination of the age of the various basaltic units and other volcanic features present within Mare Nubium basin. The craters were identified using both TMC and TC data and compared with earlier obtained results [7]. The various morphological and structural features present within the basin were analyzed using TMC data along with NAC strips. A detailed geological map have been prepared based on morphological observations and identification and analysis of structural features. Some of the results are presented in form of figures 1-5.


The paper introduces briefly the characteristic and features of digital library and discusses the significance and content of digital library.By comparing the current condition of the foreign and within the country,the paper puts forward the problems that exist in digital library and methods that can solve the problems.


Considering the effect of higher-order shear deformation in thick damping layer,a new model called "continuous stress model" was proposed for the ACLD structures.Based on the Reddy's simplified higher-order shear theory,a three-order displacement field was applied to describe the damping layer.So both the displacements and shear stresses are ensured to be continuous at the interfaces of three different layers.And the novel spectral finite element method(SFEM) was used to model a fully ACLD beam and comparisons were made between the new model and the traditional Mead-Markus model.It can be seen that the continuous stress model is better than the Mead-Markus model on predictions of natural frequencies and modal loss factors.


Missing data imputation is often required in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to fill up missing measurements due to transmission loss, hardware failure and other factors. In this paper, we propose new variable forgetting factor (VFF) and regularization extensions to the recursive dynamic factor analysis (RDFA) algorithm for imputation of missing data in WSN data. It takes advantage of the correlated structure of the redundancy among WSN measurements by decomposing WSN measurements into orthogonal factor loadings and de-correlated factors. A new local polynomial model (LPM) based variable forgetting factor is proposed for the RDFA algorithm and it enables us to better adapt to the time-varying environment. Finally, ℓ2 regularization is further incorporated to RDFA for improving the numerical conditioning. Experimental results using a real WSN dataset show that the proposed algorithm is able to achieve better accuracy than other conventional approaches.


The technology of Mobile Agent has become one of the most vigorous development direction of the computer network and the distributed system. We have discussed the concept and the characteristic of the Mobile Agent?using Mobile Agent to realize the Internet information search?the technical and the social obstacle faced by the Mobile Agent?the application of the Mobile Agent.


A weave reinforced composite material with a thermoplastic matrix is investigated by using a multiscale chain to predict the macroscopic material behavior. A large-strain framework for constitutive modeling with focus on material non-linearities, i.e. plasticity and damage is defined. The ability of the geometric and constitutive models to predict the deformation and failure behavior is demonstrated by means of selected examples. Umfang: IX, 275 S. Preis: €49.00 | £45.00 | $86.00


The availability of the essential micro nutrients B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn to plants is often poorly related to the total quantity of the particular element in the soil. Soil properties such as pH, redox potential, organic matter content, nutrient interactions, the type of plant or variety, and environmental factors, such as soil water content, temperature and light, greatly influence the likelihood that a plant will exhibit micronutrient-deficiency or -toxicity symptoms. Changes in the environment often have a greater effect on micronutrient than on macro nutrient nutrition of plants. This chapter emphasizes advances in knowledge since Lucas and Knezek's (1972) review in the first edition of this book. In addition, greater emphasis than is customary will be placed on the role of the environment on micronutrient nutrition. Other general references that contain material on this topic are available (Adriano, 1986; Bergmann, 1988; Marschner, 1986; Mengel & Kirkby, 1987; Weber, 1971; and Wild, 1988). Some excellent reference sources include the specific contributions of Keren and Bingham (1985) and Fleming (1980) on B, of Loneragan et al. (1981) on Cu, of Jones (1982, 1984, 1986, and 1988) on Fe, of Graham et al. (1988) on Mn, of Gupta and Lipsett (1981) on Mo, and of Adriano (1986) on Zn. The comprehensive study of Sillanpaa (1982) provides much useful information concerning micronutrient uptake by plants and selected soil properties.


Results of electron-microprobe analyses, X-ray data and density determinations ofjarlite and "meta-jarlite" from Ivigtut, Greenland, are presented. Common jarlite, in crystals and grains, is composite; it has a core with straight boundaries and a mantle. The core shows a 2Voof <40"; the mantle, in optical continuity with the core, shows a 2Zo of approximately 80o. The core is rich in Sr and Ba, but nearly devoid of Mg and K. In the mantle, Mg and K are present in significant amounts. "Meta-jar1ite", always developed as dendrites, is chemically similar to the mantle jarlite. Jarlite that is not composite, from the stenonite paragenesis, with2V, between 5 and l0o, has a composition similar to that of jarlite in the core. Empirical formulae calculated from the new analytical data on the basis of 68 anions give 30 cations, in agreement with the nominal formula: Na2(Sr12Na)Mg2Al12F6a(OH)a. The X-ray data, density determinations and calculated molecular weights support a formula based on 68 anions, but the calculated formula content cannot be accommodated in the structure in accordance with the model proposed. The empirical formula for jarlite in the core may be written Na2(Sr,Ba,Na)16A112F6, assuming disorder between Mg and Sr sites. The empirical formulae for jarlite mantle and "meta-jarlite" show 1.5 to 2 atoms of Mg, and 14.5 to 15 atoms for the Sr sites. The core-mantle arrangement of jarlite and the different compositions suggest a shift during crystallization, from a disordered toward an ordered structure. The jarlite from the stenonite paragenesis seems to represent the disordered structure only.


In distributed cooperative compressive wideband (WB) spectrum sensing (SS), two secondary users (SUs) can sense a wideband spectrum individually and report their information to the fusion center (FC) where joint decoding and decision is made. Since the same WB spectrum is concerned, the two quantized measurement vectors received at the FC are naturally correlated. This paper presents a Slepian-Wolf coding-based scheme to exploit this correlation. Specifically, we show that for a given number of total reporting bits, a larger number of measurements can be collected that contribute to better fusion results in terms of both mean squared error (MSE) in spectrum reconstruction and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) in spectrum detection.


The rise in heat production after ingestion of a meal has been recognized for many years, although the mechanisms underlying it are not completely understood. In the rat it has been suggested that brown adipose tissue is activated by noradrenaline to increase heat production (Rothwell and Stock 1979). The role of brown fat in the adults of large mammals is equivocal as yet, but a rise in the plasma concentration of noradrenaline does nevertheless occur after feeding. Ingram, Dauncey, Barrand and Callingham (1980) noted an increase in noradrenaline during a meal in about half the young pigs they investigated; in man, Robertson and Porte (1974) found a rise after glucose infusion and LeBlanc, Cabanac and Samson (1984) reported a rise after a meal, but not after tube feeding. However, in all these studies the source of the noradrenaline was not determined.


Several advanced nuclear reactor concepts have been proposed in the past few years where FLiBe molten salt represents a major constituent of the core. In this case, neutrons produced in fission slow down and moderate in FLiBe (a eutectic with a mixture of 2:1 ratio of LiF and BeF2) until they reach low energies (i.e, below 1 eV). At that stage, the thermalization process becomes dominant and the neutrons achieve a quasi-equilibrium energy state that is dependent on the temperature of the moderator. In neutronic simulations, the description of neutron thermalization is captured using the thermal scattering law (TSL), i.e., S(α,β), of the material in which low energy neutrons are interacting. S(α,β) defines the energy-momentum phase space that is available for an incoming low energy neutron. In addition, it is directly proportional to the double differential thermal neutron scattering cross section. In this work, the TSL of molten salt FLiBe is developed based on a generalized density of excitation states (GDOS) derived from atomic trajectories generated using classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that were performed with the LAMMPS code. The MD simulations utilized a Born-Mayer type atomic potential function that was verified to reproduce the properties of FLiBe including density and viscosity. The FLASSH code was used to evaluate the TSL's ENDF File 7 in a temperature range extending from 773 K to 1673 K. In addition, ACE type cross section libraries are produced and tested with the objective of contributing the data to the National Nuclear Data Center for inclusion in the ENDF/B-VIII database.


Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer program products, in which an input method editor receives a mode control input and determines a language mode based on the mode control input. Upon receiving composition inputs, the input method editor interprets the composition input based on the determined language mode.


Language and Linguistics According to Krystyna Pisarkowa (1932–2010)
Krystyna Pisarkowa's rich output is characterised by a variety of forms and a wide range of topics, as well as an innovative interpretation of linguistic phenomena. The following paper can be described as biographical and substantive. The text contains certain facts from Pisarkowa's life that are connected with certain spheres of her scientific activity in which she succeeded, references to people who played a significant role in her life, as well as development of her research interests. The publications which are mentioned in the paper have been selected according to Pisarkowa's attitude to language, its essence, pragmatic-functional-stylistic variety, as well as potential context and purpose which lies beyond its typical usage. Moreover, an attempt has been made at reconstructing Pisarkowa's views on the range, shape and place of linguistics among humanistic disciplines.


We introduce an encoding and decoding algorithm for punctured convolutinal codes in Digital Video Broadcasting and put forward a kind of optimized decoding algorithm in this paper. This algorithm provides strong error correction ability and good practicability especially to the Rate Compatible Punctured Convolutional(RCPC) codes in Digital Video Broadcasting, and it can improve the precision of decoding and increase the reliability and validity of communication system.


In this paper,through set up model of the distribution system of certain substation,the impact of harmonic current on 35 kV busbar of substation to the resonance point of distribution system under three different conditions is simulated,and the fault cause of 35 kV reactive power compensation capacitor is analyzed.Finally,a solution is proposed and after solution effect is given by modeling and simulation.


We appreciate the interest in our report and the comments in the correspondence from Drs. Kumar and Kulkarni, who express concerns about SGLT2inhibitors (SGLT2-I) being nothing more than loop diuretics, and from Dr. Patoulias et al., who express concerns about weight reduction with SGLT2-I being more due to fat loss, with volume loss being an only transient effect. Our case reports suggest that SGLT2-I do not have the same mechanism of action as conventional diuretics. The three cases reported had been responsive to spironolactone and furosemide, but these had to be discontinued because of the development of complications (encephalopathy, hyponatremia or acute kidney injury, respectively), which led to recurrence of volume overload. The fact that SGLT2 inhibitors alone led to resolution of volume overload (and in two cases SGLT2-I were dosed for this purpose), without recurrence of complications, is indicative that their mechanism of action may go beyond a natriuretic effect. In fact, SGLT2 inhibitors have a natriuretic and an aquaretic effect, and their use has been associated with a significant decrease in total body water both in patients with normal renal function(1) and in patients with heart failure.(2) This latter group of patients is particularly important, because the mechanisms of fluid retention in heart failure are similar to those of cirrhosis (and not present in patients with diabetes without heart failure). In the placebo-controlled physiological study by Griffin et al., performed in patients with diabetes and stable heart failure, SGLT2-I led to significant natriuresis and reduction in total body water without untoward effects on blood pressure or neurohumoral activation.(2) In contrast to loop diuretics, SGLT2-I, by increasing sodium chloride delivery to the macula densa, would counterbalance the effect of a reduction in plasma volume in increasing renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity,(2) an effect that persisted for 14 days. On the other hand, loop diuretics are associated with urinary potassium wasting, which does not occur with SGLT2-I,(2) with hypokalemia being a well-known precipitant of hepatic encephalopathy,(3) as occurred in one of the cases reported. Our interesting observation in only three cases should obviously not lead to the use of SGLT2-I in the management of patients with cirrhosis and ascites, but should lead to further investigations that will clarify their mechanism (and duration) of action and, if promising, to the performance or randomized controlled trials that will determine the place of SGLT2-I in the management of cirrhotic ascites. These studies may actually demonstrate that SGLT2-I are in fact "magic" pills for the management of ascites in an as yet to be determined population of patients with cirrhosis (with or without diabetes).


In an article published recently in JAMA Neurology, Clarke et al concluded that "physiotherapy and occupational therapy were not associated with immediate or medium-term clinically meaningful improvements in ADL or quality of life in mild to moderate PD [Parkinson's Disease]."1 As part of the physical therapy arm of the study, patients in the experimental group received a median of 4 hour-long outpatient sessions consisting of what the authors called "routine physical therapy practices" that are universally established—within the United Kingdom's National Health Service—for the treatment of PD. As physical therapist researcher and professor Dr. Terry Ellis noted, "The study may have more to say about a particular intervention model used in England than it does about the effectiveness of physical therapy on individuals with Parkinson's Disease."2 Or, as Ahlskog cautioned in an editorial in the same issue of JAMA Neurology, "these conventional physical therapy practices take no advantage of what has now become increasingly apparent: ongoing aerobic exercise may slow the progression of PD."3


The conveyor has elongated bars (16, 18) capable of reciprocating movement in their length direction supported by a frame (12). A length side of each bar has a substantially inverted U-shaped cross-section (22) extending upwards from the load-supporting surface of the bar. The opposite length side of the bar has a flange (24) extending upwards into the cavity between the arms of the inverted U in an adjacent bar. No seals are present between the conveyor bars.


The depletion potential of charged colloidal system is studied by the Monte Carlo method through the Acceptance Ratio method, and the depletion force can then be calculated by numerical differentiation of the depletion potential. Based on the simple charged colloidal model presented, the numerical results show that the depletion forces are still play an important role between the charged spheres.


Cocoa pulp is a by-product from cocoa industry which is produced in large quantity, but very limited study has been carried out in utilizing it as energy source in animal feed. The purpose of this study was to assess the in vitro dry matter (IVDMD) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of complete feed containing different levels of cocoa pulp. The experiment was carried out according to completely randomised design consisting of four treatments and three replications. The treatments were P0 = Complete feed containing 0% cocoa pulp, P1 = Complete feed containing 5% cocoa pulp, P2 = Complete feed containing 10% cocoa pulp, and P3 = Complete feed containing 15% cocoa pulp on dry matter basis. The results of the study indicated that the average IVDMD was 567, 538, 566, and 526 g kg-1 DM, while the average IVOMD was 522, 491, 502, and 461 g/kg DM, respectively for treatment P0, P1, P2, and P3. Statistical analysis indicated that increasing levels of coca pulp in the feed significantly affected (P<0.05) the IVDMD and IVOMD of the feed. In conclusion, cocoa pulp is potential to be used up to 10% in complete feed with corn cobs as the fibre source.


The article is devoted to the linguistic description of the modern Ukrainian terminology of sugar production in the aspect of term formation. Terms and phrases of sugar production are analyzed according to such a criterion as the number of components. Models of two-component terms-phrases are considered. Based on the results of a sample of two-component terms-phrases, it was found that in the texts on sugar production, these terms constitute the most numerous group and are the most productive. This structural type is represented by the following models: "adjective + noun in the nominative case" (Adj + N n. c.); " participle + noun in the nominative case" (Part + N n. c.); "noun in the nominative case + noun in the genitive case" (N n. c. + N g. c.); "numeral + noun in the nominative case" (Num + N n. c.); "noun in the nominative case + preposition in + noun in the local case" (N n. c. + in + N l.c.); "noun in the nominative case + preposition with + noun in the genitive case" (N n. c. + with + N g. c.); "noun in the nominative case + preposition with + noun in the instrumental case" (N n. c. + with + N i. c.); "noun in the nominative case + preposition from + noun in the genitive case" (N n. c. + from + N g. c.); "noun in the nominative case + preposition in + noun in the accusative case" (N n. c. + in + N a.c.); "noun in the nominative case + adjective" (N n. c. + Adj); "noun in the nominative case + numeral" (N n. c. + Num); "noun in the nominative case + preposition on + noun in the local case" (N n. c. + on + N l. c.); "noun in the nominative case + noun in the dative case" (N n. c. + N d. c.); "a noun in the nominative case + a noun in the instrumental case" (N n. c. + N i. c.). The most productively used is attributive model «adjective + noun in the nominative case" (Adj + N n. c.), which is formed on the basis of the genus-species relationship, i.e., a definition is added to the term, which is a generic concept, representing types of the concept and specifies the generic. The terms of this model serve as expressions of lexical paradigmatic relations in the term system, in particular antonyms. Substantive two-component models "noun in the nominative case + noun in the genitive case" (N + N g. c.), "participle + noun in the nominative case" are also productive. A small number of terms are presented by models of prepositional and prepositional structures. Two-component syntactic constructions can be replaced by single words, most often composites, as a result of linguistic economy. So, among the analyzed two-component structural models, the models "adjective + noun in the nominative case" and "noun in the nominative case + noun in the genitive case" and "participle + noun in the nominative case" dominate. Other structural models are less productive.


New resilient silicone elastomers are now available which appear to meet the electrical performance requirements for underground residential distribution transformers, whether buried or house mounted. Size, safety, weight and efficiency dictate that single residence transformers for underground distribution systems be of the dry-type. Rigid encapsulants presently being evaluated have limitations. This paper describes a new impregnating and potting material which permits compact transformer design, efficient operation, and long life.


This essay highlights creative thinking and implementation strategies from conventional and Islamic perspectives. Since the birth of the Islamic religion more than 1400 years ago, Islam has taken care of creative thinking Strategies by guaranteeing that they are utilized in life. The Holy Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet, peace, and blessings be upon him, encouraged creative thinking at that time. This paper addressed the subject of the feasibility of deriving creative thinking strategies from the Holy Quran and the Sunnah. And that these techniques have been employed in modern businesses, taking into account the diverse reasons for their implementation. When the application of these strategies was reviewed and researched in the Qur'an and Sunnah, it was determined that they are remarkably analogous to the creative thinking strategies that drew interest barely seventy years ago. In addition, the adoption of creative thinking strategies in businesses from a conventional standpoint was examined. The paper illustrated the processes for adopting these Strategies, their importance, and their results in organizations. These strategies extend the mind, move the mind, and raise diverse talents. The strategies of creative thinking in Islam were also explored, and the strategies for adopting each strategy were outlined. The essay featured Strategies: brainstorming, dialogue strategy and encouragement strategy from a conventional and Islamic perspective. Each strategy in Islam is detailed in terms of why it is employed, who used it, the situation that necessitated its usage, and the repercussions of employing it. The essay outlines the basics of employing creative thinking processes in Islam for individual development and character formation.


Managers can choose the best method of accounting for their company. The purpose of this study was to analyze and examine empirically the effect of firm size, concentration of ownership, leverage, industry type, company age, and the commissioners are independent of voluntary disclosure of intangible assets at the company's annual report in Indonesia. Measurement of voluntary disclosure of intangible assets using the Value Chain Scoreboard ™ as a framework for the disclosure of intangible assets developed by Kang and Gray. There are 28 items to detect the quality of disclosure of intangible assets.
The population in this study is the whole LQ45 companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2014 year. The sampling method in this research is purposive sampling. Criteria LQ45 company is a company with which publishes an annual report of the year 2012-2014. The total number of samples in this study is 81 companies. The data used is secondary data, such as corporate annual reports. Data analysis using descriptive statistics, the classic assumption test and multiple linear regression analysis.
The results of this study indicate that company size, concentration of ownership, leverage, and independent commissioner significantly affect the level of voluntary disclosure of intangible assets. Meanwhile, industry type and age of the firm does not significantly affect the voluntary disclosure of intangible assets.


Brain tumor diagnosis and categorization are essential for patient care and therapy planning. Microwave imaging has emerged as a viable non-invasive and cost-effective technology for brain imaging. Compared to current imaging methods like X-rays and CT scans, which employ ionizing radiation that can harm healthy tissues, and MRI, which requires a large setup of power-hungry equipment, microwave imaging is more favorable. This research proposes a newly developed model called BrainVisionNet based on a convolutional neural network to identify brain tumors from microwave images. Several evaluation metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-Score, have been employed to assess the performance of this model. The suggested method of brain tumor classification using microwave images demonstrates superior performance than the existing methods, obtaining an overall accuracy, f1-score, precision, and recall of 99.20%, 99%, 99.3%, and 99.3% respectively, according to our testing results. This study illustrates the potential of microwave imaging, for accurate and efficient categorization of brain tumors utilizing BrainVisionNet. The findings imply that BrainVisionNet can be a useful tool for radiologists and physicians in the precise and fast diagnosis of brain tumors from microwave images.


Tin doped vanadium pentoxide thin films have been prepared by sol-gel spin coating method on FTO and glass substrate. The structural and analytical studies such as XRD, cyclic voltammetry and ac impedance spectroscopy respectively have been carried over and the results are discussed. Structural properties studied using x-ray diffraction analysis reveals the amorphous nature of the vanadium pentoxide coated thin films. Cyclic voltammetry studies of the vanadium pentoxide coated FTO films were carried out in the potential range of 0.8 -1.2 V, using 1M lithium perchlorate in propylene carbonate as the electrolyte. The specific capacitance of tin doped vanadium pentoxide thin film has been measured from the CV curve and it was 236 F/g. The ac impedance spectra of the film electrode in 1M LiClO4 + PC electrolyte were measured in a frequency range of 100 kHz to 0.01 Hz at a potential of 0.5 V with Ag/Agcl as reference electrode.


The present provides a method of manufacturing a component of a temporary display unit by sequentially following the steps of; a) Acquiring a blank sheet of display unit material; b) Cutting said blank to make a sheet comprising at least one cut component in a first location; c) Optionally packaging said blank sheet of cut component; d) Optionally delivering said sheet of cut component to a second location; e) Applying indicia to said sheet of cut component.


Congestive heart failure is a burgeoning problem, especially in older adults, affecting nearly 0.1% of subjects >65 years old, accounting for nearly 20% of all hospitalizations in this age group, and costing the healthcare system a bundle.1 Several experimental observations have demonstrated an important role for progressive dilation and geometric remodeling of the left ventricle in worsening cardiac pump function.2 The results of experimental studies on the adverse implications of ventricular dilation and remodeling have been confirmed in clinical and epidemiological studies of depressed ventricular function and congestive heart failure in humans.2,3 Studies of the natural history of left ventricular dysfunction provide evidence to directly implicate left ventricular dilation and remodeling to an adverse clinical outcome in patients with congestive heart failure. Ventricular dilation and remodeling impose an increased mechanical disadvantage to the pump function by increasing wall stress and consequently the hemodynamic load and by contributing to mitral regurgitation and possibly arrhythmogenesis in patients with congestive heart failure independently of the neurohormonal status. Therapeutic trials have also shown that the majority of clinically useful and approved treatment modalities in heart failure attenuate or reverse ventricular dilation and remodeling.4–8 Despite multiple drug therapies, including neurohormonal blockade, progressive ventricular dilation and adverse remodeling frequently continue in many patients with depressed ventricular function. Although orthotopic cardiac transplantation is highly successful in alleviating heart failure and improving survival, limited donor supply, organ rejection, and complications related to immunosuppressive therapy continue to limit the utility of this procedure. In recent years, several new nonpharmacological approaches for attenuation and or reversal of ventricular dilation and remodeling have been introduced, including partial ventricular resection or the Batsita procedure, the endoventricular patch repair or the Dor procedure, and cardiac resynchronization therapy with biventricular pacing.9 The idea for a passive restraining device to …


We propose a new method for estimating the temperatures and melt fractions of the upper mantle. Our method is based on connecting the electrical conductivity structure from geophysical observations with laboratory‐determined relationships between the electrical conductivity and temperature of four nominally anhydrous minerals (olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and garnet) and basaltic melt. The temperatures are expressed as the upper limit temperatures using the Hashin‐Shtrikman lower bound in solid phases and using the Hashin‐Shtrikman upper bound in solid‐liquid mixed phases. We apply the method to a nonvolcanic and two volcanic regions in the Kyushu subduction zone, southwest Japan. Our results suggest that the temperatures of the upper mantle are 1100–1450°C for dry mantle and 900–1350°C for wet mantle and that the melt fractions of the upper mantle are <20% beneath the two volcanic regions and <5% beneath the nonvolcanic region for both dry and wet mantle.


Abstract SO2 was used as a tracer gas in an experimental study of turbulent air jets and propane diffusion flames in cross-flow. Measurements of the SO2 concentration field were used to obtain data on the shape and size of the bent-over plumes in the vortex zone, between 60 and 220 diameters downwind of the discharge. Data on the variation of plume cross sectional area with distance led to estimates of the variation of entrainment with distance. It appears that for turbulent diffusion flames in cross-flow, in which both initial jet momentum and flame buoyancy are significant influences, the trajectory can be expressed by a power law of the form [Ztilde]=M X¯ n in which the distances are nondimensionalized by the momentum length scale and n is a function of the Froude number. Even though the wind tunnel was too short to permit it, the SO2 tracer technique seems to be useful also for studies of the buoyant plume several hundred discharge diameters downwind of the flame.


The reduction and resolution of conflicts involving the use of water, as well as the guarantee of compliance with its various uses, require the appropriate management of water resources, using the instruments foreseen in the pertinent legislation. Among the legal instruments used for the distribution of water, among the different uses and users, the granting of right of use stands out, which is provided as a function of demand and water availability in the requested water body. For the establishment of water availability in a river basin it is necessary to quantify the flows, which is done from the data collected in the fluviométricas stations. However, the Brazilian hydrometric network does not fully cover all hydrography, leaving parts of it without the necessary data for the estimation of flows. The regionalization of flows has been carried out with the objective of providing hydrological information in places with no data or with little information available, as long as they share similar characteristics. The hydrographic basin of the Japaratuba River, which is the object of the study, although it has the most complete hydrological monitoring network in the State of Sergipe, is characterized by great climatic variability (Tropical Humid, Agreste and Semi-Arid), resulting in a different hydrological behavior throughout this basin. Thus, the objective of this work is to determine the regionalization equations of the Q90 residence flow for this basin, which best fit its climatic hydro behavior, in order to obtain a small variation between the actual and the calculated regionalization flow. In the determination of the Q90 permanence flow, the Traditional Method of regionalization was applied, having as independent variables the drainage area of the fluviometric station and its accumulated mean precipitation. The results show that the regionalization of the permanence flow when considering the average monthly precipitation characteristics to define the homogeneous regions presented results consistent with the hydrological reality of the basin rivers and good statistical adjustments to the flows observed in the fluviometric stations.


This slurry composition for a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery includes a negative electrode active material, a particulate binder and a water-soluble polymer. A 200μm thick composite film that comprises the particulate binder and the water-soluble polymer and that has been swollen in an electrolytic solution has a breaking strength of 20-90MPa.


The industry uses benzene as a solvent and raw material for organic synthesis and therefore occurs in releases, phenol is also likely to exist in water of industrial origin, it oxidizes with difficulty, adsorbs little and filter weakly. Cyclohexanol is amphoteric (donor and proton acceptor), it was chosen to make comparisons. In the present work, the granular activated carbon chosen was characterized by different methods. The kinetic adsorption study, in the liquid phase, was conducted using adsorbed quantity square root of the contact time to elucidate the diffusion of these molecules through the liquid film to the superficial sites of the surface of the solid, which allowed us to understand the influence of some physicochemical properties and the structure of choices molecules on the phenomenon of elimination of pollutants. The results obtained illustrate the competitiveness and adsorption specificity of the molecules as a function of the structure, the grouping, the affinity towards the solid and the porosity of the surface of the latter. The results showed that the molecules chosen are preferentially physisorbed, although some chemisorption can be detected. We have been able to measure the surface tensions by the method of tearing off the ring in order to reach the surface occupied by each of the molecules at the level of the surface of the coal. In this study we assume that the external resistance to mass transfer from the liquid to the surface can be neglected as a control step.


The transferred rule of cable force in the wide box girder is studied by instance of single(extradosed) cable-stayed bridge with 27m wide.It is indicated that the phenomenon of shear lag is very severe.And the phenomenon of shear lag is more and more severer along with the increase of the wide box girder.The phenomenon must be considered fully in order to uniformity of the section stress in the wide bridge.


This study looks at the so-called Draft Common Frame of Reference and critically analyzes the rule it affords concerning the creditor's option in breach of contract


A new study raises the age-old question in medicine of when a medical error occurs, do you play offense and deal with it head-on or take a defensive position instead? The study examines the University of Michigan Health System's medical error full disclosure policy, including an apology and offer of fair compensation.


This thesis is an exploratory investigation of how apprenticeship instructors in two of Ontario's colleges perceive and have experienced professional development over the duration of their careers and the role their employer-colleges, played in that professional development. As the primary agents for skills and knowledge transfer, the instructors of apprenticeship training provide a key role in preparing competent, skilled-trade workers for a complex and changing work environment. This research is relevant at this time because of the many changes to the Colleges of Applied Arts and Technology since their inception in the mid-nineteensixties. The original mission of the colleges, to deliver occupation preparation programs has evolved to a muchexpanded mandate to include degree granting. Other changes include a much more diverse student population with diverse needs, backgrounds and values. Have the apprenticeship instructors received the requisite training and development to deal with changes in technology, student needs, teaching and learning strategies and the evolving complexities of the college environment? This study contributes to the literature of professional development in the apprenticeship professoriate by examining the perceptions, attitudes and behaviours concerning professional development. The findings reveal that there are issues of physical location, discourse and methods of instruction, unique to apprenticeship training, which have a profound impact on the


Band representations of space groups are used for showing that crystals with diamond or hexagonal close packed structures have phonon spectra that extend from zero to some maximal frequency without a gap in between. This gapless feature follows from the vectorial nature of lattice vibrations, from the continuity that is introduced by band representations, and from the symmetry of Bloch functions for nonsymmorphic space groups. Some other space groups having two identical atoms in a unit cell and leading to the same continuity feature for their phonon spectrum are listed.


Red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) is a major pest of stored products. Compound 1,8-cineole is essential oil component extracted from leaves of plant eucalyptus. The aim of this study is to assess the potential fumigant effects of 1,8-cineole on the T. castaneum pupae. Fumigation was investigated in the glass bottles (350 ml volume), in 4 repetitions, for each sex in two treatments. Compound was tested in 6 doses; 30, 60, and 120 μl 350 ml-1vol. (treatment without grain) and 120, 300 and 600 μl 350 ml-1vol. (treatment with wheat grain), exposed for 48 h. Mortality and insect growth activity was evaluated following the scale of Mandava. Control was done by the same method but without oil application. Compound 1,8-cineole had lethal effect on the treated pupae at both sexes and in the both treatments. Total proportion of the normally developed beetles, which developed from the survived pupae, was decreased. 1,8cineole had also a growth regulator effect, producing adultoid and deformed units. Pupae sensibility was sex depended; males were more susceptible. There has been a significant difference between treatments in the 1,8-cineole activity. In the treatment with the grain there were significant lower dead pupae and lower normally developed live units in the stage 3 (males); also there were significant lower deformed units in the stage 2 (females). In general, compound 1,8-cineole has multiple effect against T. castaneum in pupae stage.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Clomiphene citrate is a drug which used for superovulation in infertile women. Despite increasing oocyte number, its pregnancy rate is low. Endometrial stromal cells have pivotal role in implantation events. The aim of present investigation was to determine the effect of different clomiphene citrate doses on morphology and proliferation of human endometrial stromal cell in in -vitro culture. METHODS: In this experimental study, human endometrial biopsies (n=7) chopped in sterile condition and digested by enzymatic methods (collagenase). Stromal cell harvested after using cell strainer and centrifugation. Their viability and cell number were determined with Trypan blue staining. Stromal cells divided into four groups: control and cases: (1, 5 and 10 µM clomiphene). Control group received DMEM/F12 media supplemental with FBS (5%) and antibiotic and cases groups received same media with one dose of clomiphene citrate. Duration of study was two weeks and cells were photographed at beginning and the end of study. Finally cell collected enzymaticly by tripsin (0.25%) and their viability and cell number were determined. FINDINGS: Morphological changes resembled in control and 1 µM groups and consist of oval cell transformation into large polyclonal fibroblast. 5 and 10µM doses of clomiphene citrate inhibit normal proliferation and morphological changes. There are significant differences between 5 and 10µM with control and 1µM groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Clomiphene citrate showed dose dependant effect on endometrial stromal cell and higher doses inhibit proliferation and morphological changes of these cells.


Using a modified form of Sharma's method for the expansion of a Slater-type orbital in spherical harmonics about a displaced center, a general expression for the overlap integral between two orbitals is derived that is equivalent to that given by Sharma. By use of a simple kind of "computer algebra" this expression is developed here into a formula that is equivalent to earlier known ones and may have computational advantages when the generated formula coefficients are stored. This method is capable of extension to more complicated integrals.


Serum cholesterol values of adults 18-74 years of age in the United States, 1971-74, are presented and discussed by age, sex, and race and are also compared with serum cholesterol vaIues of adults of simiIar ages in the United States, 1960-62. In accordance with specifications established by the National Health Survey, the Bureau of the Census, under a contractual agreement, participated in the design and selection of the sample, and carried out the first stage of the field interviewing and certain parts of the statistical processing for the Health Examination Survey.


This text looks at the discourses on year-4 school exams that circulated in the blogosphere in 2012-2015. Its goal is to understand the concepts of school and child within those discourses and to uncover the family dynamics that are tending to occur in the wake of the political decision to bring back those exams. The presented data are derived from an analysis of 159 posts published in 50 blogs. The authors' conclusions point to the emergence of a "parentocracy" that is led by mothers, is exercised in schooling / school attendance processes that are taking place ever earlier in children's lives, is subject to tensions and is underpinned by composite concepts of the child as an educational actor.


This paper presents the design and development of a novel device for providing tactile feedback in five degrees of freedom (5-DOF). Four translational and four rotational motions of the hand can be communicated to a user using two independently controlled 2-DOF skin stretch feedback devices placed back-to-back. An additional two rotational motions of the hand can be communicated through spiral motions of the two skin stretch feedback devices. The user's index finger and thumb grasp the device at the location of the moving contactor (tactor) of each of the 2-DOF skin stretch displays, respectively. Experiments show user responses to have high directional accuracy (> 98%) for each of the five degrees of freedom communicated by the device. A second experiment also shows a proof of concept for using the back-to-back skin stretch display to guide users' hand motions to match a specified target angle in a one degree-of-freedom wrist rotation task. Findings from this preliminary study will be used in future studies to investigate users' ability to track paths in multiple degrees of freedom or to direct the hand motions of a user, which could be relevant to tasks such as upper limb rehabilitation, swing training, or other motion training.


I. Introduction By judgment of 29 December 2010, the Consiglio di Stato (Italian Supreme Administrative Court, the «Court») set aside a decision of 29 July 2004 (the «Decision») by which the Italian…


Wind energy is one of the most important types of renewable energy resources in the world. The wind energy is considered friendly to the environment and relatively inexpensive power. These advantages are considered the main reasons to select wind turbines to produce the electricity in the world. An accurate analysis of the wind data is considered the main key to select the optimal location and the suitable wind turbine based on the estimated power and cost. In this research paper, a new program was built and then developed based on MATLAB to analyze deeply the wind energy in the selected locations in Iraq. MATLAB Graphical User Interface (GUI) was used to present the developed program of "WIND ENERGY ANALYSIS". This software has the ability to analyze the wind speed, processing the missing data and find the correlation coefficients, besides plot the results of this analyis (wind and Rose). Furthermore, the software presented the full details about the parameters of the Weibull distribution based on two different methods (Standard Deviation Method and Energy Pattern Factor) in order to select the optimal wind turbine in the specific site depending on the minimum cost per kWh or maximum capacity factor generated from the wind energy system.


(57) Abstract: and groundwater, paper mill, food processing plants, electrical purification of contaminated water medium such as waste water from manufacturing industry plants, such as fiber plant, improved economic open configuration electrolysis cell (10) design than Accordingly, readily purified, decolorized and sterilized. The electrolytic cell comprises an electrode (18, 20) including a plurality of conductive porous elements in electrical contact with each other. Cell (10), be divided, may not be split, may be connected to a unipolar configuration or bipolar configuration. If it is connected to a very narrow capillaries gap electrodes (18, 20) are, in particular, economically operation is ensured by the case of processing a relatively low conductivity of the solution. The novel cell design (10) further hypochlorite salt bleach and other oxygenated species (oxygenated species), such as are useful in the electrolysis of organic matter and both chemicals inorganic.


It gives a comprehensive introduction to the test of grounding grid and resistance at sub-station in yangquan eletric power supply company.and also describes the spot test method of common use with the test experience.


Professor Yu believes that although Marxism has been developing in China for several decades,no one thinks about the real subject of Marxism localized in China. There are some translation mistakes in new and old versions of Complete Works of Marx and Engels. Professor Yu insists that "eliminating philosophy" should be translated into "sublating philosophy". In fact,it is not "subject unwittingly get promotion of radicalism thinking tendency of petty bourgeoisie". Professor Yu did not understand the thorough awareness of Marx's "people's liberation".


Provided are a transmission device and method for early warning information. The method comprises: sharing, by vehicles, a same early warning source block to receive and send an early warning signal; obtaining, by a vehicle communication device and via a Doppler frequency shift value, a relative speed of the vehicle having the device with respect to any one of at least one other vehicle; and determining whether the relative speed reaches an early warning threshold. The present invention ensures that each vehicle can obtain an early warning source block to transmit an early warning signal, increases stability in an early warning information transmission, and ensures traffic safety.


I suggest some principles upon which the construction of a robot capable of consciousness could be based. Starting from a simple concept of reflection in the sense of feedback mechanisms, further principles are added, since feedback mechanisms alone cannot generate consciousness. The robot brain should have a material composition allowing for specific functions to be executed (the architectonic principle). Out of this diversity of material structures, compounds are generated according to the lock-key principle of complementarity. The robot should also possess intentional programs which it attempts to realize in the environment by movement (the principle of intentional movement). In doing so, the robot accepts objects or stimuli that correspond to its specific intentional program, whereas non-suitable objects or stimuli are rejected (the principle of acceptance and rejection). Furthermore, a robot brain should have the ability to reconcile a large number of parameters which set spatio-temporal limits and the ability to self-organize (the principle of spatio-temporal boundary-setting and the principle of selforganization). My hypothesis is that the glial networks have a spatio-temporal boundary-setting function in their interaction with the neuronal networks. If the robot were aware of the decay of its material parts, then it could realize its intentions in the environment under deadline pressure. This principle of the spatio-temporal limitation of material features could trigger emotions. Other possible sources of emotions are discussed as well. This ability to express emotions can be thought of as evidence that the robot is in a conscious state. V-mail: email@example.com


The accuracy of RGB-D sensing has enabled many technical achievements in applications such as gamification, task recognition, as well as pedagogical applications. The ability of these sensors to track many body parts simultaneously has introduced a new data modality for analysis. By analyzing body language, this work can predict if a student will struggle in the future, and if an instructor should intervene. To accomplish this, a study is performed to determine how early (after how many seconds) does it become possible to determine if a student will struggle. A simple neural network is proposed which is used to jointly classify body language and predict task performance. By modeling the input as both instances and sequences, a peak F Score of 0.459 was obtained, after observing a student for just two seconds. Finally, an unsupervised method yielded a model which could determine if a student would struggle after just 1 second with 59.9% accuracy.


This paper proposes an extension to the mean shift tracking by using XY projection-histograms to medel the object. More than providing statistical information about the target to track, they embed information about the spatial arrangement of pixels. This approach, without any complexity increase, provides a better robustness and quality of the tracking. That is asserted by the experiments performed on several sequences showing either vehicles or pedestrians in various contexts.


The theoretical basis of thermal analysis of crystallization kinetics occurring by nucleation and growth under non-isothermal conditions of constant heating rate β has been studied by integrating the fundamental equation describing the crystallized volume fraction, x. Assuming a thermally activated growth rate of the form u=u0 exp (–EG/kT) two specific cases have been considered: (i) growth from a constant number of nuclei or growth following the saturation of nucleation sites and (ii) a temperature-dependent nucleation rate whose functional form over a limited temperature range is approximated by Iv=I0 exp (–EN/kT).It is shown that the expression for the crystallized fractional volume x(T) contains a function φn of the initial temperature T0. Except for one-dimensional growth under case (i), the rate of transformation x is also a function of T0, which implies that a Johnson–Mehl–Avrami type of description of the kinetics is inappropriate.The limits of applicability of current thermoanalytical methods of the following groups: Kissinger, Borchardt–Piloyan, Ozawa, Chen and Coats–Redfern–Sestak, have been critically examined and modifications have been proposed to include the effect of the initial temperature. A method of thermal analysis has been developed to determine the nature of the crystallization kinetics.


In this paper the performance of convolutional decoding over fading channels is explored, The decoding algorithm used are the Viterbi and bidirectional algorithms. By estimating a "decoder weight spectrum" for the decoder, an "equivalent free distance" may be observed. Furthermore, using this "decoder weight spectrum" useful estimations of the error probabilities are obtained and compared to computer simulation results in the case of very slow and very fast fading. The resultant curves are shown to be very tightly related.


This chapter talks about the memories of Preobrazhensky about Yakov Mikhailovich and the revolutionary activities in the Urals region during the early 1900s. Preobrazhensky briefly met Yakov Mikhailovich for the first time in Moscow in December 1905, when he was making his way to the Joint Party-Congress and was caught by a railway-strike in Moscow. Preobrazhensky's clearest memory is of a meeting of the Perm Party-Committee, which had to adopt a resolution on unifying their organisations in the Urals. An example in the chapter illustrates how unique the conditions always were for their work in the Urals, especially for propaganda-work. Yakov Mikhailovich was arrested in the summer of 1906. But even during this time, many Preobrazhensky's colleagues had no doubt concerning the victory of the revolution, and did not expect to be detained for long behind prison-walls. Keywords:Preobrazhensky; propaganda-work; revolutionary activities; Urals; Yakov Mikhailovich


For a number of years, both the Research Policy Programme (Lund) and the Theory of Science Institute (Goteborg) in Sweden have held courses on the research process. In Lund, these courses have primarily concentrated on the 'practice' of research: how it is organized, conducted, planned, financed, etc. In Goteborg, the emphasis has been on research 'theory' including definitions of science, philosophies of science, and the question of objectivity in science. During the spring term 1973, representatives of the two institutions began to plan a course together, so that the two major areas of interest could be combined into a more comprehensive examination of the research process. Our purposes in planning such a course have been many. In our previous courses and our research work, we have found that many doctoral students, in both the natural and social sciences, lack a perspective in which they can understand their research work and their future social and professional roles as scientists. Most of them do not seem to have a very clear notion of what science is all about. Most are unfamiliar with the growing body of literature in the 'science of science', the studies of research work. And, if they have looked at this literature, many have found it difficult to relate this material to their own practical needs as researchers. We have tried, in this course, to begin to fill these gaps in knowledge and perspective.


The relationship between canopy position and foliage concentrations of several phloem-mobile and -immobile essential nutrients was determined over a 20-fold range of average incident photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) (50 to 1000 μmol·s−1·m−2) in 7-year-old prune (Prunus domestica L., syn. 'Prune d'Agen') tree canopies. Mineral weight per unit of leaf area (LA) increased with increasing PPF within the canopy according to the relationship N > Ca > Mg > K > P. Dry weight per leaf area (DW/LA) increased 3-fold over the range of light exposures sampled. Leaf nutrient concentration expressed as percent dry matter (DM) did not vary with PPF. Both DW/LA and leaf N/LA appear to integrate the light microenvironment at the canopy coordinates of leaves sampled and may be correlated with photosynthetic capacity. Thus, these parameters may have diagnostic value in orchard management and crop production.


The method of double-exposure holographic interferometry was used to investigate the gasdynamic collapse of a laser plasma initiated by a gigawatt CO2 laser pulse. The laser beam was tubular and it was focused onto a carbon target. The holographic method enabled the parameters of the laser plasma to be measured with a spatial resolution of better than 25 μ. The spatial distribution of the electron density during the laser pulse interaction was determined. Estimates were obtained of the axial and radial velocities of the erosion laser plasma and an analysis was made of the relationship of these parameters to the experimentally determined shock wave velocity in the residual gas. It is proposed to use the laser plasma formed during a gasdynamic collapse as the active medium of short-wavelength lasers.


—Desert tortoise populations continue to decline throughout their range. Head-starting (the captive rearing of offspring to a size where they are presumably more likely to survive post-release) is being explored as a recovery tool for the species. Previous head-starting programs for the Mojave Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) have reared neonates exclusively outdoors. Here, we explore using a combination of indoor and outdoor rearing to maximize post-release success and rearing efficiency. We assigned 68 neonates (2016 cohort) to one of two treatments: Outdoor head-starting (HS; n = 38), where neonates were reared exclusively in outdoor predatorproof enclosures, and Combination (Combo) HS (n = 30), where neonates were reared indoors for 1 y followed by outdoor rearing for 1 y. After 2 y of captive rearing, we released 24 Outdoor HS and 24 Combo HS juveniles in the Mojave National Preserve, California, USA, on 25 September 2018. We compared pre-release size, body condition, and shell hardness as well as first year post-release movement and survival between the treatment groups. Body condition was not significantly different between groups. Outdoor HS tortoises, however, were significantly smaller and had significantly softer shells than Combo HS tortoises. Released head-starts experienced 78.2% survival through their first year after release. Combo HS tortoises dispersed significantly shorter distances than Outdoor HS animals. Our findings that Combo HS animals were larger and had harder shells at release, and exhibited high survival but low dispersal following release, support the use of combination head-starting as a recovery tool for the Mojave Desert Tortoise.


Introduction: There has been considerable discussion regarding the value of follow up LDL-C measurements after initiation of statin therapy for secondary prevention. We therefore set out to determi...


Numerical and experimental investigations were conducted in a transonic centrifugal compressor stage composed of a backswept splittered unshrouded impeller and a vaned diffuser. Unsteady 3D simulations were performed with the code elsA that solves the turbulent averaged Navier-Stokes equations, at three operating points: choked flow, peak efficiency and near surge. Unsteady pressure measurements up to 150 kHz were carried out in the entry zone of the vaned diffuser (in the vaneless space and in the semi-vaneless space) when the compressor came into surge. These static pressure sensors were mounted on the shroud enwall. The paper focuses on the vaneless and semi-vaneless space where the surge originates. A detailed analysis of the flow pattern coming from the unsteady computations from choked flow towards surge led to identify the physical mechanisms involved in the surge inception. It is shown that, when approaching surge, the flow is destabilized by a severe modification of the shock system in the vaned diffuser inlet. The first perturbation is acquired from the transducer located just upstream of the shock foot (i.e. on the vane suction side surface), indicating a movement of the shock towards the vaneless space. This perturbation travels upstream and leads to the strongest short-wavelength perturbation acquired from the transducer located just upstream of the vane leading edge. This strongest short-wavelength perturbation which level may reach almost four times the mean exit pressure value triggers the full scale instability.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


Amomi Fructus has been used to treat digestive diseases in the context of traditional Chinese medicine, so we evaluated the effects of a volatile oil from Amomum villosum (VOA) on intestinal mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). We measured the effect of VOA and its main active constituent, bornyl acetate (BA), on body weight, food intake, diarrhea, inflammatory cytokines, the mucosal barrier, and gut microbiota. VOA and BA significantly increased the rats' body weight, relieved diarrhea, and reversed histopathological changes in the gut and inflammation. VOA significantly inhibited apoptosis and alleviated the endoenteritis by downregulating p38 MAPK and caspase-3 expression. VOA and BA strengthened the intestinal mucosal barrier by increasing zonula occludin-1 and occludin expression. VOA and BA reduced the amount of pathogenic bacteria and increased the abundance of probiotics. Thus, VOA prevented the development and progression of intestinal mucositis after chemotherapy.


Low-flow control problems with pumps and a method to reduce them are described in this article. Centrifugal, mixed and axial flow pumps of conventional design can be made to demonstrate a condition of inletflow breakdown at some point on their characteristic curve. Instead of a state of uniform inflow existing at the impeller eye, mixed conditions exist, with flow simultaneously moving in and out of the inlet annulus. This condition has been described as backflow as well as stall and inlet recirculation. The basic backflow mechanism is also described.


As a kind of emergency evacuation, the large-scale evacuation is an effective measure to mitigate disaster in a sudden crises. Research into the emergency evacuation of crowds has been the focus of many scholars at home and abroad for some time. In this paper, four principal aspects of current research into large-scale crowd evacuation, namely evacuation theories, evacuation modeling, evacuation decision-making and evacuation risk evaluation have been summarized. Of these, evacuation modeling has attracted the greatest interest. While some evacuation models have proved effective tools in evacuation decision-making and risk evaluation, existing evacuation models have not fully considered the uncertain factors in the process of large-scale evacuation.


Both gas-cooled and water-cooled reactors place on the steel pressure vessel rigid requirements with respect to the design, radiation stability, gamma -induced internal stresses, and inability to, or difficulty in, repairing the vessel once it is installed. The factors to be considered in the selection of a given steel for a pressure vessel are reviewed, and the properties of steels previously used for this purpose are tabulated. The studies being raade at present to improve the desirable properties of steels for pressure vessels are briefly summarized. The corrosion stability and irradiation stability of steel are discussed. Neutron activation of the steel is also briefly reviewed. (J.S.R.)


Objective To assess antioxidant protection against iron-catalyzed reactive oxygen species in meningococcal sepsis and to establish whether severity of illness is related to deficiencies in these antioxidant systems. Design Prospective, controlled study. Setting Pediatric intensive care unit of a postgraduate teaching hospital. Patients Twenty children aged 6 months to 15 yrs (median, 5 yrs) with meningococcal septic shock were studied. Paired convalescent samples taken 8–10 wks after discharge were available in nine children. Interventions Routine management for meningococcal sepsis. Measurements and Main Results Patients were classified for disease severity using the Glasgow Meningococcal Septicaemia Prognostic Score. Paired acute and convalescent samples were compared. Transferrin level (1.77 ± 0.08 g/L) and total iron-binding capacity (46.2 ± 2.0 &mgr;M) were significantly decreased in acute patients compared with paired convalescent samples (2.85 ± 0.10 g/L and 74.4 ± 2.5 &mgr;M, respectively;p < .0001). The iron saturation of transferrin was significantly increased in acute disease (36.9% ± 2.5%) compared with convalescence (18.8% ± 1.5%;p = .0003). Iron-binding antioxidant protection was not significantly different in acute (81.4% ± 1.7%) and paired convalescent samples (85.6% ± 2.5%;p = .54). However, patients with more severe meningococcal septicemia (GMSPS, >10; n = 12) had significantly diminished protection (77.5% ± 2.4%) compared with less severe disease (87.1% ± 1.6%;p = .0028), and there was a significant correlation between disease severity and iron-binding antioxidant protection (R = .48;p = .00067) in acute disease. Paired ceruloplasmin levels were available in six patients and were decreased in acute disease (0.29 ± 0.02 g/L) compared with convalescence (0.40 ± 0.04 g/L), although not statistically significant (p = .076). However, there was a significant correlation between plasma ceruloplasmin and disease severity (Pearson product moment correlation, p = .038) in the acute patients. Iron-oxidizing antioxidant assays were performed in four paired samples and were diminished in acute patients (53.3 ± 4.4%) compared with convalescence (67.8 ± 3.2%;p = .015). Acute samples demonstrated a significant relationship between iron-oxidizing antioxidant protection and both disease severity (r = .30;p = .012) and plasma ceruloplasmin levels (r = .48;p = .00067). Conclusions Children with meningococcal septicemia exhibit abnormal plasma iron chemistry and decreased protection against iron-catalyzed oxidative damage. Such deficiencies correlate with disease severity.


Hai Zi,a contemporary poet,has been rather successful in his literary creation in that he has integrated Chinese and western thoughts in many of his poems which are worthy of our perusal and repeated interpretations.Interpretations of this kind are not only conducive to establishing the modern Chinese verse classics but also capable of providing some clues for the creation and development of literature at present.By making a case study of Hai Zi's September,this paper attempts to analyze the close relationship between the poem and the philosophy of existentialism and the traditional Chinese poetic thought.


Language and cultures are simply instrumental and contingent upon the material and non-material contexts of each society. Every culture is formulated as a coping mechanism and a strategy for survival as it belongs to and is operated by a society. The same principle can be applied to the Gospel communication. Attempts to share the good new about Jesus Christ accompanies theological reflection and Biblical interpretation, thereby offering windows through which the two parties, the messenger and the hearer, make sense of each other's language and culture. As an illustration of the contextual Biblical interpretation suggested in this study. I explore how certain Buddhist concepts can be used as functional equivalents for key elements of the Gospel as they help missionaries to communicate with the Buddhists more effectively. I argue that missionaries should adapt, rather than change, the karmic world-view of Buddism to the individual aspects of the Gospel. I also argue that Thai Buddhists' merit-earning efforts encourage and preserve the Thai Christians' allegiance to Jesus. Their confidence in the meritorious deeds enacted in Buddhist contexts appear to be no different from the good works of the disciples of Jesus in the Gospels. The parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus (Luke 16:19-31) is a case in point. This leads us to conclude that missionaries' communicative capacities with the indigenous communities can be improved through the contextual Biblical interpretation proposed here, minimizing cultural misunderstandings and cognitive discrepancies. Familiarity breeds faith, and we do not know what Scripture says until we know how it relates to our world.


Objective To understand the characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases aged≥50years old in Shaoxing for the targeted prevention and control of AIDS.Methods HIV/AIDS cases' distribution,route of transmission and reported source data were downloaded from online HIV/AIDS case reporting system and analyzed.Results The proportion of people aged ≥50years old increased from 6.3%(3/48)in 2006 to 19.8%(42/212)in 2014,the cases' mean age was(58±7.2)years old and the male to female ratio was 3:1.81.1% of the cases were local people.The cases that had primary school education level or illiterate were accounting for 64.0% and 62.2% were farmer.Heterosexual contact was the major transmission which accounting for 85.4%and 56.7% of the cases were detected from medical institutions.Conclusion The reported HIV/AIDS cases aged ≥50years increased significantly in Shaoxing.Heterosexual contact was the major transmission.It is necessary to strengthen health education about AIDS among aged people to improve the safety awareness.


Two of the three eggs laid by my pair of Double Yellow Head (Le Vaillant's Amazon) parrots hatched in mid-July, 1977, after approximately 32 days of incubation; they are thought to be "Nevada's First". The adult female was between two and three years old and the male nine years old when they were introduced in February, 1976. Both were extremely tame house pets but quickly became as vicious as they had been friendly after accepting one another. Within two months after introduction the hen laid two eggs and sat faithfully; both were clear. She laid another set of two which were also infertile. They were then living in California and in December of 1976 were moved to Las Vegas where they were kept. in one cage, until early March 1977. They were then put into an outdoor aviary measuring four feet by 8 feet by eight feet high. A barrel with eight or nine inches of shredded mesquite bark and dampened cedar shavings in it was placed on a low table in the covered portion of the flight. Heavy wire mesh made a narrow ladder from the table top to entrance hole and down into the barrel. Neither adult was accustomed to an outdoor situation but showed interest in the barrel early in May. There was no noticable mating until late May and in early June three eggs were laid on alternate days starting about June 7th. The first egg apparently was infertile but the second and third hatched on July 12th and 14th. The male bird apparently never entered the barrel once incubation had started, nor was he observed to feed the hen. Upon the arrival of the first chick both parents were in the nest most of the time and there is reason to believe the male fed not only the young but also his mate. An enormous quantity of food was consumed daily by both parents. Their basic daily diet of "parrot seed mix", quarter-slice of dark bread with Linatone, half-apple and Romaine was added to as their food consumption rapidly increased. Cooked wheat cereal to which was added eggs, powdered vitamin and mineral supplement, Karo, mashed sweet potato and cooked carrots was particularly enjoyed and taken in preference to "seed". The two babies were removed for hand-rearing on July 27th; they were large and heavy, with feet and legs appearing nearly adult size; scanty grey fuzz, no quills showing; eyes "slitted" but not quite open, beaks black and only slightly "hooked" in appearance. They were kept warm by a heating pad above them, in a small wooden, cedarshaving-padded box. Temperature was kept from 94 to 98 degrees for about a week when it was permitted to drop gradually to the low 80's. They were fed six times daily, at three hour intervals (no "night feedings") starting at just before 6 A.M., via outsized eyedropper. They were fed until their crops were well rounded; when taken from their nest both babies' crops were "stuffed" and were therefore filled to that stage at each feeding. There were no problems of any kind and development was rapid. After extra heat was no longer needed, a light cloth was used to cover half of their box; they preferred sleeping under the covered portion and continued this until their 8th week. Baby diet consisted of the same cereal mixture previously prepared for parent birds, to which was added crushed sunflower meats, strained corn and, occasionally, scraped "mineral block". Feathering was complete at forty days and the youngsters were cracking seeds well but eating very little of their contents. They did enjoy apple and Romaine at this stage and ate both well. Flight was strong and acrobatics on perches were well coordinated at fortyfive days. "Eyedropper" feedings were reduced to five times daily after the first four weeks of hand feeding; to four times daily for the next twelve days, to three times for 10 days, and to morning and night only for another five days. For the following eight days only a night time feeding was given and they were then entirely on their own and doing it easily. Apple, Romaine, basic "parrot seed mix", a mineral block and grit was supplied as for adult birds. They actually ate a great deal more seed than would a mature bird, each day. At three months, both babies were starting to say several very clear words and phrases and were as friendly as puppies and playful as kittens.


Seven-band grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus,a fast growing and commercially valuable marine fish species with better tolerance to cold water temperature than most other grouper species,is considered as one of the most potential species for marine fish cage culture in the temperate seas along the coast of Northeast Asia.It has been investigated intensively for aquaculture during the past several decades in the countries of China,Japan and Korea where it distributes.However,the stable and efficient artificial breeding technique of seven-band grouper has not been established fully,owing to some reproduction problems such as extended maturation age for male,failure to spawn spontaneously under captivity and the fragility of newly hatched larvae.The progress on broodstock reproduction,larval rearing,and the nursery of juveniles of seven-band grouper,which has been achieved mainly by Japanese scientists during the past twenty years,is reviewed.Further research priorities in this domain are also suggested.This paper also provides necessary referential information for the research on the mass seed production technique of seven-band grouper in China.


Biomass consumption, energy performance of cookstoves and emission factor of cattle dung cake, used as a main source of energy, in EIGP was evaluated. Average biomass consumption was recorded as 2....


Experimental phase equilibria have been investigated on three medium-K silicic andesite (60–61 wt % SiO2) samples from Mount Pelee at 2–4 kbar, 850–1040°C, under both vapor-saturated CO2-free and vapor-saturated CO2-bearing conditions. Most experiments were crystallization experiments using dry glasses prepared from the natural rocks. Both normal- and rapid quench experiments were performed. Two ranges of oxygen fugacity (fO2) were investigated: NNO (Ni-NiO buffer) to NNO + 1 and NNO + 2 to NNO + 3. At 2 kbar for moderately oxidizing conditions, plagioclase (pl) and magnetite (mt) are the liquidus phases, followed by low-Ca pyroxene (opx); these three phases coexist over a large temperature (T)-H2O range (875–950°C and 5–7 wt % H2O in melt). Amphibole (am) is stable under near vapor-saturated CO2-free conditions at 876°C. At 900°C, ilmenite (ilm) is found only in experiments less than or equal to NNO. Upon increasing pressure (P) under vapor-saturated CO2-free conditions, pl + mt is replaced by am + mt on the liquidus above 3.5 kbar. For highly oxidizing conditions, mt is the sole liquidus phase at 2 kbar, followed by pl and opx, except in the most H2O-rich part of the diagram at 930°C, where opx is replaced by Ca-rich pyroxene (cpx) and am. Compositions of ferromagnesian phases systematically correlate with changingfO2 Experimental glasses range from andesitic through dacitic to rhyolitic, showing systematic compositional variations with pl + opx + mt fractionation (increase of SiO2 and K2O, decrease of Al2O3, CaO, FeOt, and MgO). FeO*/MgO moderately increases with increasing SiO2. For fO2 conditions typical of calk-alkaline magmatism (approximately NNO + 1), magnetite is either a liquidus or a near-liquidus phase in hydrous silicic andesite magmas, and this should stimulate reexamination for the mechanisms of generation of andesites by fractionation from basaltic parents.


BELLEVUE HOSPITAL is primarily one for acute cases requiring immediate attention, chronic cases usually being transferred to other institutions. For this reason Bellevue has no distinctive cancer department, and keeps for treatment only those cases of malignancy that require limited hospitalization. In the management of these patients, many types of cases that can be treated as ambulatory are referred to the radiation department. Only those cases of moderately advanced carcinomas of the cervix still amenable to treatment are admitted to our service. The type of patient received, however, is usually poor, of low intelligence, to whom it is difficult to explain the seriousness of her lesion, and whom it is difficult to follow up once she has been sent home apparently cured, or after her acute symptoms, such as bleeding, and pain may have been relieved. Many of these patients either leave the neighborhood from which they originally applied for treatment, or they refuse to answer requests to come to the hospi...


Bis(2-pyridinethiolato)tin(II), a stable stannylene, effects oxidative addition to α-dicarbonyl compounds to generate tin(IV) enediolates, which in turn react with aldehydes to give α,β-dihydroxyke...


The "End Racial Profiling Act of 2001" (ERPA) states that "no law enforcement agent or law enforcement agency shall engage in racial profiling" and mandates states to "collect detailed data on stops, searches, seizures, and arrests." We develop a stylized dynamic model of highway policing to study the long-run consequences of ERPA. In the model, color-neutral police officers receive incentives to arrest criminals, but face a per stop cost which increases when the racial mix of the interdicted differs from the racial composition of the population. Incarceration rates are defined to be racially "fair" if the racial composition of the prison and criminal population is identical. The model predicts that the long-term racial composition of the prison population may not be fair and that ERPA may increase fairness. Ceteris paribus, however, ERPA may lower efficiency (the number of criminals in jail). Finally, we characterize and compare the incentive schemes for crime fighting that a government would optimally set with and without ERPA. JEL Classification: J70, K42, C61


Iron deficiency anaemia is the most common nutritional deficiency disorder in children and is worldwide in distribution. It is characterised by fatigue, weakness, pallor and koilonychias. Thus oral physician play an important role in diagnosis and thereby prevention of anaemia, as oral manifestations may be the earliest feature of the condition. The purpose of this article is to present a case of iron deficiency anaemia of unknown cause in a 16 year old female child.


servatism' as 'rootless nostalgia for roots' which did not and could not exist in America. Finally, the author makes clear his own doubt that William Buckley, limited by an advocacy of Cold War chauvinism and a scphisticated racism, has discovered the viable alternative which eluded his predecessors. Lora concludes that the conservative perspective, circumscribed by an absence of compassion, a rejection of science, and a lack of faith in reason, must remain a minority view in the United States. Because his examples are so casually chosen, however, Lora's analysis is necessarily episodic rather than cumulative. His book fails


The mediating effect of face-to-face vs. non-face-toface interaction on sex differences in bargaining was examined. Male and female subjects were paired with either a sameor different-sexed person. Dyad members worked on a pretask for different periods of time and then bargained either face-to-face or apart over monetary rewards. As predicted, mixed-sex dyads reached agreement more quickly when they bargained face-to-face than when apart, while social context did not affect bargaining behavior in same-sex dyads.


Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Viktoria Gessner at the University of Wurzburg, Germany. The cover image shows the versatility of methandiide-based carbene complexes with respect to bonding and the choice of metals.


In this paper a prototype emergency services system is presented, equipped with a multimedia database registering and storing relevant emergency situations in a semi automatic way. In this paper we assume that this database is created exclusively with sound and linguistic material won from emergency telephone calls. The presented system enables conducting speaker recognition experiments. Sources of data, metadata generation, architecture description, searching for results, and database implementation are comprised.


Objective To explore a method of preparing the acellular tendons of human with chemical approaches.Methods From April 2011 to June 2012,several treatments were performed on human tendons using 1.00% tri(n-butyl) Phosphate (TnBP) combinded with Triton X-100 at the concentration of 0,0.25%,0.50%,1.00% respectively.Specimens were examined using histological observation,scanning electron microscopy,biomechanical testing and hydroxyproline quantitation.The results were then compared with fresh tendons of control group,so as to value the characteristics of decellularized human tendon scaffold.Results Acellular human tendons had glossy surface,intact aponeurotic membrane and satisfactory flexibility.A small number of disrupted cells remained in the 1.00% TnBP + 0% Triton X-100 treated tissue,while other three experimental groups successfully eliminate all cells.Intact and regular collagen architecture was retained in 1.00% TnBP +0.25% Triton X-100 treated tissue.1.00% TnBP + 0.50% Triton X-100 and 1.00% TnBP + 1.00% Triton X-100 treated tissue were nearly identical to 1.00% TnBP +0.25% Triton X-100 treated tissue,but the interval of collagen was slightly wider than the control group,the maximum load (385.22 ± 80.32N,398.22 ± 127.20N),ultimate tensile strength(46.69 ± 16.30Mpa,46.20 ±5.52Mpa) and hydroxyproline content(0.282663 ± 0.0110109 μg/mg,0.279355 ± 0.0102129 μg/mg) were statistically lower (P < 0.05) compared with those of the control group,maximum load(533.28 ± 135.77N),ultimate tensile strength (65.56 ± 14.40Mpa) and hydroxyproline content (0.292882 ± 0.0100988 μg/mg) respectively.Conclusion The decellularization treatment with 1.00% TnBP + 0.25% Triton X-100 could be optimized for preparing acellular human tendons.

Key words:
Tendon ;  Chemical extraction ;  Acellular ;  TnBP;  Triton X-100


Abstract Sleep disturbances are core symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and recent studies also suggest a link between PTSD and cognitive impairment. There is some evidence of an association between sleep disturbances and cognitive abilities, such as memory, though few studies have focused on older adults and fewer still among those with mental health conditions. This study examined the association between subjective memory complaints and sleep (quality and quantity) in older veterans with PTSD. Fifty-four veterans with PTSD (M age=67.4, 85.2% African American, 90.7% men) participated in the study. Sleep was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) and the PSQI Addendum for PTSD (PSQI-A). Memory was assessed using the Frequency of Forgetting Scale (FOF) derived from the Memory Functioning Questionnaire. The relationship between sleep quality parameters and FOF were examined using bivariate correlations and independent samples t test. Over 60% of participants met military-specific criteria for poor sleep (PSQI≥10; PSQI-A>5). Overall sleep quality on the PSQI-A was significantly associated with worse memory (r=-0.38, p<.01). Among specific sleep parameters (e.g., sleep latency, sleep duration), greater daytime dysfunction due to sleepiness was significantly associated with worse memory (r=-0.44, p<.01). Between-group analyses comparing memory complaints across participants classified as 'poor' versus 'good' sleepers on the PSQI-A approached significance (t(52)=1.93, p=.06). This study suggests that poor sleep may be a correlate of memory complaints among older adults with PTSD. Future studies are needed to determine whether poor sleep is an underlying factor in the link between PTSD and cognitive impairment.


The performance of many biosensors is limited by the rate at which a soluble analyte solution is transported to a complementary receptor immobilized on the sensor transducer. In these cases, transport limitations due to the lack of sample mixing in the sensor can impede analyte transport to the immobilized receptors and thereby reduce the sensor performance. In this study, we apply methods that have been successfully used to mix bulk fluid streams in a microfluidic device, to stir the analyte solution as it passes over receptors bound to the surface of an optical biosensor. A three-dimensional serpentine microchannel, which has been shown to provide chaotic mixing in the sample flow, was interfaced with a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. The binding kinetics of soluble rabbit IgG to protein A, immobilized on one of the microchannel walls, was measured both in the serpentine device and in a straight channel. A comparison of the initial rates of analyte detection in these two devices shows that the mixi...


The empirical research investigated factors that affect consumer satifaction prior to purchasing a product. This research focused on the purchase of internet renting services. The purpose of this research was to understand consumer behaviour in purchasing internet renting services. The results were used to make an effective and efficient marketing strategy as well to investigate further about consumer behaviour in internet renting services. The investigation used consumer analysis and operational analysis. Correlation design with purchasing decision as dependent variable, together with location, price, facility, internet access speed, comfort, services as independent variables were investigated and analyzed using SPSS 13.0. This research results indicated that the purchasing decision is affected mostly by internet access speed and facility factors with location, price, facility, comfort and servicess as less factors. Keywords : Consumer Satifaction, Consumer Behaviour, Internet Rental Service


Study on properties of girth for LDPC code has become a hotspot nowadays,this article gives a new method for search- ing girth of LDPC code,and it presents the opinion that there is no certain relations between the length of girth and error correction per- formance of LDPC code,which is verified by the LDPC code defined by IEEE Std 802.16e.Besides,this article points out that error cor- rection capabilities is influenced by girth collection,and it will increase with the decreasing of girth collection size when lengths of girth and eodeword are equal.


Individuals uses cognitive resources to modulate performance in demanding tasks and a non-invasive and reliable way of measuring mental effort is pupillometry. This study aimed to test the mental effort related to different processing systems in long tasks with controlled and automatic demands. We conducted two experiments with healthy subjects: in Experiment 1 (n=15), using a metronome to ensure control on task pace, participants performed a serial number generation task (Counting; little to no effort tasks), a random number generation (RNG; effortful tasks), and no task (Unfilled interval; no effort at all). In experiment 2, (n=15) participants performed counting tasks with or without additional intermediary beeps produced by a metronome to assess the effect of a possible increase in effort demanded by the distractors. Experiment 1 showed differences between unfilled interval, counting and RNG. Experiment 2 showed that the intermediate beep made the counting tasks more demanding than the normal counting tasks. Notable in both experiments was the tendency of participants to demand mental effort at the beginning of the trial. These results indicate that previously effortless automatic tasks can become controlled, or at least more demanding, with a simple experimental manipulation. They also reveal that tasks that require mental effort over a long period will demand more than automatic ones, but even so the peak of this demand is in the initial trial period. Moreover, they reveal the high sensitivity of pupillometry for the measurement of mental effort employing different processing systems and cognitive resource modulation.


Specificity of TdT5 as a marker for ALL was evaluated by determining its activity in cells from normal control subjects and from 35 pediatric patients with ALL, AML, Hodgkin's disease and disseminated Burkitt's lymphoma. We evaluated the DNA polymerase activity, cell surface pheno‐types (E rosettes, EAC rosettes, SmIg and Ia‐like, HTLA and cALL antigens), and hematological and cytochemical characteristics in both the normal and patient groups. DNA polymerase α+β and DNA polymerase γ activity were indiscriminately high in all immature cells as found in ALL, AML, Burkitt's lymphoma and phytohemagglutinin‐stimulated normal lymphocytes, when compared to mature leukocytes found in normal individuals or in patients whose cancer was in remission. High TdT activity was found in 24 of 26 T and non‐T/non‐B ALL patients in active phase as well as in two of three AML patients one of whom had Auer rods. Thus, TdT, although valuable for monitoring ALL patients, may have limitations in separating AML from ALL.


Identification of bacteria by mass spectrometry offers the potential of a high-throughput non-targeted method to determine the presence of Salmonella. While MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry can identify Salmonella at the genus and species level, few studies have reported subtyping beyond the species level due to the diversity and complexity of Salmonella that includes more than 2600 serovars. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approaches enable profiling of a greater number of proteins over a larger dynamic range and offer the potential to detect small differences between closely related isolates. We evaluate the discriminatory power of bottom-up LC-MS/MS with a collection of nineteen isolates that differ at the genus, species, subspecies, or strain level. Isolates were classified by matching the sequence of identified peptides to reference proteomes translated from genomes with known taxonomic ranks. The degree of proteomic similarity between the tested isolates and reference strains correlated with how closely they were related. All tested Salmonella isolates were easily distinguished from their close relatives, E. coli and Shigella, and readily grouped by species and subspecies. Additionally, each Salmonella isolate most closely matched to its correct serovar. This approach presents a simple and effective proteomic approach to identification of Salmonella genus, species, and subspecies.


This paper presents the design of γ-dose-rate monitoring meter based on C8051F020 single chip microcomputer(SCM),and also describes the solution of hardware and software.The peripheral circuit of USB is also included.This meter can rapidly measure γ-dose-rate and store more data in power failure.In addition,it is featured with low power,small size,strong anti-interference and accurate measurement.


1. Myosorex varius. Sorex varius, Smuts, Mamm.Capens. 1832, p. 8. Myosorex varius. Gray, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1837, p. 124. This, the largest species of the genus, is somewhat larger than Crocidura aranea. The body is clothed with dense fur, pale reddish grey on the surface, passing gradually into ashy beneath, the basal four-fifths of the hairs bluish ; tail clothed thinly with equal-sized reddish-grey hairs forming a small pencil at the tip. The lateral gland is well developed in males, rudimentary or absent in females, and situated close behind the arm. The teeth are very peculiar and characteristic. The upper incisors and premolars are provided with prominent basal processes, the third


We demonstrate some shortcomings of"fixing the equations,"an increasingly popular remedy for time evolution problems of effective field theories (EFTs). We compare the EFTs and their"fixed"versions to the UV theories from which they can be derived in two cases: K-essence and nonlinear Proca theory. We find that when an EFT breaks down due to loss of hyperbolicity, fixing does not approximate the UV theory well if the UV solution does not quickly settle down to vacuum. We argue that this is related to the EFT approximation itself becoming invalid, which cannot be rectified by fixing.