This paper shows empirically the impact of organizational and behavioral determinants on the CEO's investment horizon choice, using artificial intelligence explanatory methods. We apply our approach to 100 Saudi firms. We test the effect of three organizational determinants: ownership concentration, board independence, and CEO remuneration system; and three behavioral determinants: myopia, the locus of control and commitment, on the CEO's investment horizon choice. The study's key finding is that executives' commitment bias is the most important variable in terms of modal value that affects firms' long-term investment choice. We also find a positive and significant relationship between myopia and long-term investment choice, whereas the lowliest determinant of the horizon choice is the locus of control. More generally, these results show that CEOs who are likely to be the most myopic may display long-term behavior with the existence of high cognitive involvement.


The project is focused on the development of quality management system seeking to integrate the company as a body of work; allowing all areas integrated always looking for continuous improvement focused on contributing to the improvement of internal processes as well as the different strategies against other companies in the sector and how to deal with the different challenges facing the sector and giving greater reliability affiliates.
It is for this reason that UTEN Hydrocarbons still a young company in the sector, wants to lead in growth-based quality processes, guided by regulatory standards ISO, not only to be a competitive organization but give confidence to members that are an organization that meets your expectations.
This project was developed under the guidelines of the NTC ISO 9001: 2008, integrating each of the requirements according to the needs of the company, searching for results in this paper show through the quality policy objectives and each of the quality manual procedures and which today is the standard in the processes that the company develops.


ADESCRIPTION is given of the only case of precocious puberty associated with dysgerminoma in which hormonal assays have been carried out. The author is indebted to Professor Macafee and Professor Allen, both of Belfast, for permission to describe it. The patient, aged 8 years, was admitted to hospital on June 22, 1948, with a history of swelling of the breasts and growth of axillary and pubic hair for two years. She had the general appearance of a girl of 12 (Fig. 1), though ossification (wrists) showed an age of about 7 or 8; breast development was equal to that of a girl of 16 or 17. There were no signs of virilism other than some facial acne. There had been intermittent vaginal bleeding for the past six months, and simultaneously the abdomen had slightly increased in size; during the week prior to admission to hospital this increase had been very marked. A paracentesis was immediately performed and 11 pints of straw-colored fluid were drawn off, after which it was possible to palpate a large, hard tumo...


The synthesis, purification and characterisation of two coordination isomers of ruthenium(II) and osmium (II) complexes containing the ligand 3-(pyrazin-2′-yl)-5-(pyridin-2″-yl)-1,2,4-triazole (Hppt) are described. The X-ray and molecular structure of the complex [Ru(bipy)2(ppt)]PF6·CH3OH (1a) is reported, where the Ru(bipy)2-centre is bound to the ppt− ligand via the pyridine nitrogen and the N1 atom of the triazole ring. 1H NMR spectroscopic measurements confirm that in the second isomer (1b) the Ru(bipy)2-moiety is bound via the N2 atom of the triazole ring and the pyrazine ring. Partially deuteriated metal complexes are utilised to facilitate interpretation of 1H NMR spectra. The redox and electronic properties indicate that there are significant differences in the electronic properties of the two coordination isomers obtained. The acid–base properties of the compounds are also reported and show that the pKa of the 1,2,4-triazole ring varies systematically depending on the nature of the non-coordinating substituent. Analysis of these data indicates a significant electronic interaction between the pyridyl/pyrazyl rings and the 1,2,4-triazole ring in the coordinated ppt− ligand.


Above: aerial photo of one of the barrier reef study sites (southeast end of Récif Tetembia, Province Sud), showing the actual position of transects in the five habitats. Pink (long) transects (200 m) – Front slope. Green transects (100 m) – crest. Orange transects (100 m) – reef flat. Red transects (100 m) – lagoon. Yellow transects (50 m) – deep water in the barrier reef pass. Source: Purcell, Gossuin and Agudo (2009a).


Purpose: This study aims to propose a model-based reconstruction algorithm for simultaneous multi-slab diffusion MRI acquired with blipped-CAIPI gradients (blipped-SMSlab), which can also incorporate distortion correction. Methods: We formulate blipped-SMSlab in a 4D k-space with kz gradients for the intra-slab slice encoding and km (blipped-CAIPI) gradients for the inter-slab encoding. Because kz and km gradients share the same physical axis, the blipped-CAIPI gradients introduce phase interference in the z-km domain while motion induces phase variations in the kz-m domain. Thus, our previous k-space-based reconstruction would need multiple steps to transform data back and forth between k-space and image space for phase correction. Here we propose a model-based hybrid-space reconstruction algorithm to correct the phase errors simultaneously. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is combined with distortion correction, and jointly reconstructs data acquired with the blip-up/down acquisition to reduce the g-factor penalty. Results: The blipped-CAIPI-induced phase interference is corrected by the hybrid-space reconstruction. Blipped-CAIPI can reduce the g-factor penalty compared to the non-blipped acquisition in the basic reconstruction. Additionally, the joint reconstruction simultaneously corrects the image distortions and improves the 1/g-factors by around 50%. Furthermore, through the joint reconstruction, SMSlab acquisitions without the blipped-CAIPI gradients also show comparable correction performance with blipped-SMSlab. Conclusion: The proposed model-based hybrid-space reconstruction can reconstruct blipped-SMSlab diffusion MRI successfully. Its extension to a joint reconstruction of the blip-up/down acquisition can correct EPI distortions and further reduce the g-factor penalty compared with the separate reconstruction.


The purpose of this investigation was to determine the variability of the Virginia Department of Transportation's (VDOT's) indirect tensile stripping test. Five contractor labs and eight VDOT labs participated in the study. Each lab performed three replicate tests on each of two mixes, one containing hydrated lime and one containing chemical antistripping additive. The standard deviation was 3.5% for within-lab results and 6.1% for between-lab results. Lack of significant correlations between strength and voids total mix indicated that a strength correction procedure for voids is not necessary. Examination of the VDOT specification indicates that contractors need to maintain the average TSR (tensile strength ratio) of the alternative mix containing chemical additive at least two standard deviations above the minimum value to ensure that single tests do not fail.


Objective:To explore for nursing points for functional evacuation disturbance after gastrectomy Method:9 cases have been retrospectively analyze~d through observation of disease condition and investigation for nursing measure Re~sult:Evacuation disturbance is considered related to psychological factors,which can be relieved by careful nursing and GI depression,nutrition supporting Conclusion:Psychological supporting,nursing and nutrition all be important after gastrectomy


Materials consisting of a hard phase, usually WC, and a tough binder, traditionally Co, form the most successful class of composite materials, also known as Hard Metals (HM) or Cemented Carbides. Powder metallurgy routes are employed generally for the production of such [1]. The typical processing route of such materials involves mixing the components, kneading and consolidation. Alcohols, alkanes and alkenes are commonly used to limit any excessive heating and oxidation of powders during mixing the components. In this study, we report the results of milling in a more environmentally friendly aqueous milling media. The obtained results are presented comparatively with milling under a traditional media, such as isohexane and acetone. The characterization of the milled samples has been done from the structural, compositional and morphological point of view. Considering our previous results, an important aspect of the milled powder is the carbon content, which dictates the sintering behavior of such parts. The carbon balance investigation performed on a carbon analyzer has revealed no significant differences upon changing the milling media. This work emphasizes the influence of the milling media on the HM powder. HM powders with similar properties have been obtained both by traditional and aqueous milling. The comparative study has revealed that the substitution of the traditional milling media does not influence the carbon content in the HM powder.


Background: The Professional Practice Environment (PPE) scale is widely used to assess the quality of the healthcare environment around the world. No validated Chinese-language scale that is designed to address this issue currently exists. Purpose: The present study evaluates the construct validity of the Chinese-version PPE on a sample of 290 healthcare workers in Taiwan. Methods: Forward and backward translations of the PPE scale of Halcomb et al. were used to ensure semantic equivalence. Further, multiple psychometric properties were examined. Results: The developed scale showed sufficient equivalence. The results of a survey of 290 healthcare providers demonstrated that the developed Chinese-version PPE scale had high reliability (Cronbach's alpha = .88) and validity. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: The findings of the present study support the effectiveness and efficiency of the Chinese-version 30-item Halcomb's PPE in assessing the professional practice environment in Taiwan.


The manner in which a patient sustained an electrical shock injury from improperly wired equipment during the course of an operation was described in order to acquaint others with a potentially hazardous situation. A patient requiring surgical treatment had the ground plate of an electrocautery unit placed under her buttocks and the electrodes of an EKG unit attached to her shoulders and her precordium. During the course of the operation, the EKG monitor was subject to electrical interference. In an effort to correct the problem, the surgeon instructed the nurse to unplug the monitor and reinsert the plug into a 2nd wall receptable. As the plug was reinserted, the physician suffered a minor shock and the patient experienced an intense shock. She became cyanotic and her pulse stopped. The patient was revived and later recovered completely. Inspection of the equipment revealed that the EKG's power plug was incorrectly wired. The chassis ground was connected to the neutral plug instead of the ground plug. Furthermore, the 2nd wall receptacle was wired with reversed polarity. When the plug was inserted into the 2nd receptacle, a 110 volt alternating current developed between the precoidal EKG lead and the ground plate. If the monitor had been plugged into the 2nd receptacle prior to the operation, the monitor would not have functioned. The technician probably would have assumed that the machine was not in working order and would have substitued another machine. In order to minimize electrical shocks, EKG leads should be applied only to the extremities and not to the precordium region.


This paper presents a study carried out at Hirubide Secondary School in the Basque Country with the aim of evaluating whether the use of the CM-ED Concept Map EDitor increases student motivation and engagement in the learning process. During the last decades, motivating students has increasingly become a problem for educators even more in multicultural educational settings.


Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust developed a pelvic and acetabular service in 2008, with the aim to provide a tertiary service for Devon and East Cornwall. We describe the demographics of the patients, referral and fracture patterns, the operative management undertaken and complications seen in a newly developed tertiary pelvic and acetabular service in the South West. Over 150 patients have been referred and treated, with follow up in a specialised tertiary clinic. Clinical scoring and radiological follow up were performed, and complications recorded. Several difficulties and problems were encountered in the development of the service including training issues, equipment availability, surgeon availability, referral pathways and theatre time. The presentation will describe the clinical results of the service, along with the logistical obstacles encountered in setting up a new service.


Detailed assessment of ego-functions and capacities is essential to understand the whole person and thus avoid being led astray by apparent neurotic symptoms


Radiative relaxation rates have been investigated in a series of hydrogen-helium mixtures over a range of temperatures encountered during outer planet atmospheric entry. Using a conical electric arc shock tube, shock waves with velocities between 10 and 36 km/sec were studied in mixtures of 10% to 85% hydrogen in helium diluent. Intensities for several hydrogen continuum wavelengths and the H-alpha and H-beta lines of hydrogen were measured as a function of time. The nonequilibrium relaxation times were longer than expected for shock velocities greater than 18 km/sec and reached a plateau at higher shock velocities. Data from all mixtures were found to correlate with shock wave temperature.


Abstract Polymerization of nonconjugated diolefins is of recent interest. N,N′-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), a nonconjugated diolefin, is generally used as a crosslinking agent. It can also be polymerized under certain conditions without crosslinking [1]. Butler and Ingley [2] proposed a novel chain propagation mechanism for such reactions in which the radical produced undergoes cyclization before the propagation step. Subbaratnam et al. reported the polymerization of MBA under thermal conditions [1, 3, 4]. Recently, polymerization of MBA with the vanadium(V)-cyclohexanone redox system was reported from our laboratory [5]. The present work on the photopolymerization of this monomer using uranylion as photosensitizer was undertaken with a view to find out whether cyclization of the radical occurs under these conditions or not, and also to establish the mechanism.


A mass of residual charged toner is blocked by a blade member held in slidable engagement with a photosensitive member against movement therewith toward a development roller when an image is being formed on the photosensitive member. When no image is being formed thereon, the blade member is lifted off the photosensitive member to allow the mass of residual toner to move therewith toward the development roller. During this time, a bias potential having a polarity the same as that of the toner is applied to members of an electrostatic or electrographic copying machine located between the blade member and the development roller for repelling the mass of toner toward the photosensitive member against being scattered off the latter and hence smearing surrounding parts.


Abstract: Photic regulation of the pineal melatonin synthesis was studied in 3‐ to 21‐day‐old rat pups by exposing the animals to light at night (30–40 min) or to darkness during the day (30–240 min). The pineal melatonin contents were measured by radioimmunoassay. A significant day/night difference in the melatonin content and the nocturnal light‐induced decrease were not found until second postnatal week. A novel finding was that at the age of 13–17 days a daytime dark exposure elevated the pineal melatonin content; it was twofold as compared with the normal daytime level and about half of the nocturnal peak level. In 21‐day‐old rats the response had disappeared, while the nocturnal suppression by light persisted. The dark‐induced increase of the melatonin synthesis was independent of the opening of the eyelids which occurs in pups at the age of two weeks, but it was greater in maternally isolated than non‐isolated pups. The results suggest that one component of the circadian regulatory system matures at the end of the third postnatal week. This mechanism inhibits the elevation of the melatonin synthesis by darkness during the daytime.


Writing skills is activities of language serves to produce  written language. Writing can improve intelligence, develop initiative , creativity, , stimulate the willingness and ability to gather information. Students' skills in short stories writing activities is still lacking. This things because teachers use less attractive media . Thus, this study uses audio media to increase students' interest in writing. This study aimed to describe the shost story intrinsic elements and the use of capital letters in Creative Short Story Writing Skills Using Media Audio Class XII SMAN I Payakumbuh District.This research is a quantitative research using descriptive method. The study population class XII students totaling 217 consists of 8 classes. Writer to perform sampling with random random sampling techniques. The instrument of this study is to test performance. Data analysis  in the study: to check the results to write short stories, analyze the data and provide a score based on indicators , and put forward the test results to the classification skills by using a scale of 10. Results showed that  average value of 90.8 are in the range of 86-95% with good qualification. Creative writing skills are evaluated from two short stories specified indicators are: (1) short story creative writing skills in terms of the intrinsic elements of the short story is the 100 that are in the range of 96-100% with impeccable qualifications; (2) The short story creative writing skills in terms of capitalization was 80.8% are in the 76-85 range with good qualifications. Thus, we can conclude the students are already capable in writing short stories as well as the use of capital letters in writing.


Summary:  Purpose: Severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (SMEI; Dravet's syndrome) is a malignant epilepsy syndrome characterized by early prolonged febrile convulsions (PFCs) with secondary psychomotor delay and a variety of therapy‐resistant seizures. Although the initial symptoms are repeated PFCs, the MRI performed at the onset of disease shows no hippocampal structural abnormalities. We aimed to assess clinical and serial MRI data of patients with SMEI with a special attention to the temporomedial structures. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic MRI study in this disease.


The migration of homosexual men and women cannot be measured as easily as can other forms of human mobility. Almost no countries include questions about sexual orientation in their census data. People with same-sex urges would often be reticent about revealing their inclinations to public authorities, especially in countries where homosexual acts remain criminalized. Furthermore, the notions of "homosexual" and "gay" are generally accepted as constructed identities, with the labels holding little relevance even for many whose erotic and romantic desires tend towards the same gender.

Keywords:

sexuality;
gender;
community;
identity politics


The shape of scintillation signals, exited in liquid krypton, liquid xenon and their liquid mixture of Kr+1.7%Xe by relativistic positrons, positive pions, protons and deuterons with moments of 0.35-2.1 GeV/c is measured at a secondary beam of the ITEP proton synchrotron. The data are compared with results of measurements of noble liquid scintillations excited with nuclear radiation and relativistic electrons,.


This study examines the determinants of the decision to raise currency debt. The results suggest that hedging figures importantly in the currency–of–denomination decision: firms in which exports constitute a significant fraction of net sales are more likely to raise currency debt. However, firms also tend to borrow in periods when the nominal interest rate for the loan currency, relative to other currencies, is lower than usual. This is consistent with the currency debt issue decision being affected by speculative motives. Large firms, with a wider access to the international capital markets, are more likely to borrow in foreign currencies than small firms.


In recent years face recognition has received substantial attention from both research communities and the market, but still remained very challenging in real applications. A lot of face recognition algorithms, along with their medications, have been developed during the past decades. A number of typical algorithms are presented. In this paper, we propose to label a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) to measure image similarity. To manage this goal, we feed Facial images associated to the regions of interest into the neural network. At the end of the learning step, each neural unit is tuned to a particular Facial image prototype. Facial recognition is then performed by a probabilistic decision rule. This scheme offers very promising results for face identification dealing with illumination variation and facial poses and expressions. This paper presents a novel SelfOrganizing Map (SOM) for face recognition. The SOM method is trained on images from one database. The novelty of this work comes from the integration of A facial recognition system is a computer application for automatically identifying or verifying a person from a digital image or a video frame from a video source. One of the way is to do this is by comparing selected facial features from the image and a facial database. It is typically used in security systems and can be compared to other biometrics such as fingerprint or eye iris recognition systems.


In recent years,the state has enlarged college student loans,financing a large number of students from financially difficult families.However,because of imperfect supervision system and inadequate individual credit system,some problems arise from the student loans without any mortgages and guarantees.The healthy and sustainable development of state student loans can be improved through establishing and perfecting the sound risk control system and supervision system of state student loans,strengthening and promoting student' s credit education,and building student′s personal credit file and family database.


We establish a system of PDE, called open WDVV, that constrains the bulk-deformed superpotential and associated open Gromov-Witten invariants of a Lagrangian submanifold $L \subset X$ with a bounding chain. Simultaneously, we define the quantum cohomology algebra of $X$ relative to $L$ and prove its associativity. We also define the relative quantum connection and prove it is flat. A wall-crossing formula is derived that allows the interchange of point-like boundary constraints and certain interior constraints in open Gromov-Witten invariants. Another result is a vanishing theorem for open Gromov-Witten invariants of homologically non-trivial Lagrangians with more than one point-like boundary constraint. In this case, the open Gromov-Witten invariants with one point-like boundary constraint are shown to recover certain closed invariants. From open WDVV and the wall-crossing formula, a system of recursive relations is derived that entirely determines the open Gromov-Witten invariants of $(X,L) = (\mathbb{C} P^n, \mathbb{R} P^n)$ with $n$ odd, defined in previous work of the authors. Thus, we obtain explicit formulas for enumerative invariants defined using the Fukaya-Oh-Ohta-Ono theory of bounding chains.


Leukemia cutis is a specific cutaneous lesion of leukemia in which there is deposition of leukemic cells. We report an adult female with papulonodular lesions on the chest region. A skin biopsy was found helpful in diagnosing the relapse in our patient with haematological remission.


ABSTRACT In this paper, we study the relationship between numerical index of a Banach space E and the numerical index of a class of subspaces of , the space of all continuous E-valued functions defined on a compact Hausdorff topological space Ω. The subspaces considered, satisfy an invariance condition and a norm attaining condition proposed by J. Jamison. As a consequence, we prove that the numerical indices of several classes of vector-valued function spaces are less than or equal to the numerical index of the respective range spaces.


Steganography is one of the newly emerging area of development in the field of signal processing. It is the technique of hiding the fact that communication is even taking place, by hiding information in any other information. In this paper, a secure data-hiding method is proposed for hiding multiple datatypes such as text, image and audio within images by Secure Adaptive Pixel Pair Matching(SAPPM) which can be effectively used for colour images as well as gray scale images. The secret message is encrypted using a pseudo random sequence, which is generated according to the secret key given by the user. The encrypted secret message is hidden in cover image using SAPPM algorithm. Compared with previous methods like Least Significant Bit(LSB) substituition, simple Diamond Encoding(DE) and APPM, the proposed method provides a much more stronger algorithm which incorporates cryptography along with steganography, and always have a lower distortion.


A new scheme is presented for solving optimization problems, in which the objective function is dependent on the solution of a partial differential equation. The scheme can be obtained by modifying any standard iterative procedure for solving the partial-differential equation. This modified procedure, which updates the solution of the differential equation and the design parameters simultaneously, eliminates the need for the costly inner-outer iterative procedure. The scheme is demonstrated by application to the problem of determining wind tunnel wall interference corrections. Results indicate that the ratio of the cost of solving the optimization problem to the cost of solving the partial-differential equation using a standard iterative scheme is less than L +1, where L is the number of design parameters.


The existence of reading the Quran learning in school is one of the Muslim student's parent's wishes. However, the existing phenomenon shows that many schools cannot allocate sufficient time for this learning. This study seeks to reveal the management of learning tahsin and tahfizul Quran in public schools. This study used a qualitative method, in-depth interview techniques, field observations, and document reviews. Participants consisted of school principals, deputy principals, ustaz, tahfiz, and tahsin program coordinators, and 11 students. Results of the study showed that the management of tahsin and tahfiz learning was carried out by optimizing management functions that were supported by the leadership of competent principals and ustaz so that most Muslim students are finally able to read the Quran well. Some of them are even able to memorize the thirtieth juz. The results of this study indicate the importance of consistent management in tahsin learning, the lack of seriousness in management results in low learning effectiveness.


Wuhan, where the 1911 revolution broke out, was the group of industrial and commercial cities in which Chinese national capitalists concentrated. Before the uprising of 1911, these businessmen had established their chambers of commerce, and at the height of it organized their paramilitary merchant volunteers' corps. The political attitude and action of the chambers and corps showed "a distinct (dianxing) character in an unusual (dianxing) circumstance," defining the class characteristics of the Chinese national bourgeoisie and the revolution.


Solvent-thermal technique was used to synthesize cauliflower-like ZnO nanopowders with Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and NaOH as the raw materials.The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The results showed that the products belonged to hexagonal crystal cell and were uniform with the size of 90~100 nm.There are large quantity adsorbed oxygen on the surface of ZnO.It′s thick film-type gas sensor was prepared and the gas sensitivities were evaluated.The sensor based on cauliflower-like ZnO exhibited high responses to methanol,ethanol,1-propanol,acetone,benzene and toluene at working voltage of 6 V,especially showed a good selectivity and low detection limits to 1-propanol and acetone.It is important to note that the sensor could detect ethanol,1-propanol and acetone of 1 μL·L-1.


This study was aimed to evaluate the essential oil composition of Chaerophyllum libanoticum fruits and its potential uses in the cosmetic industry. The essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) systems, simultaneously. The yield of essential oil was calculated as 0.22 % (v/w). Major components of the oil were characterized as limonene (26.7%), p-cymene (25.5%), and β-phellandrene (7.0%). In addition, antioxidant and antityrosinase activities of the essential oil were evaluated. The oil exhibited moderate antioxidant activity (TEAC). In the DPPH assay, the oil was tested at 5 mg/mL concentration, and the inhibition ratio was calculated as 31.3 ± 1.1%. At 1 mg/mL of concentration, TEAC (mmol/L) value was determined as 0.027 ± 0.008. As evidence to its skin whitening properties, the oil inhibited the tyrosinase 17.7 ± 1.6 % at 1 mg/mL.


Advances have been made over the past decade in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), where there is significant increase in response rate as well as increase in the median survival from 5 months to 2 years, as a result of advances in surgical techniques, newer options in chemotherapy and the emergence of effective biotherapy1.Given patients' preferences for more tolerable regimens and improved quality of life, treatment approaches have changed from continuous high-dose aggressive therapy until disease progression to either chemotherapy-free intervals or reduced-dose, lesstoxic maintenance regimens2,3.


Integrin αvβ6 is an epithelial‐specific receptor that is absent from the healthy epidermis but synthesized de novo during wound repair. However, its function in wound repair is unknown. Integrin‐mediated transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) activation is the main activation mechanism of this key cytokine in vivo. Impaired wound healing caused by glucocorticoids is a major clinical problem and is associated with a disturbed balance of TGF‐β1 activity. Therefore, αvβ6 integrin‐mediated regulation of TGF‐β1 activity may be involved in this process. To determine the function of αvβ6 integrin in glucocorticoid‐induced impaired wound healing, both β6 integrin‐deficient (β6−/−) and wild‐type mice were exposed to dexamethasone treatment. Multiple wound parameters, keratinocyte proliferation, inflammation, and TGF‐β1 activation were assessed. Wound healing was significantly accelerated in the dexamethasone‐treated β6−/− mice compared with the corresponding wild‐type mice. The dexamethasone‐treated β6−/− mice showed enhanced keratinocyte proliferation in both wound epithelium and hair follicles while the production of proinflammatory cytokines and TGF‐β1 activation were reduced. Accelerated wound repair in the dexamethasone‐treated β6−/− mice might be associated with the reduced antiproliferative and proinflammatory effects of TGF‐β1. Inhibition of αvβ6 integrin may provide a future target for treatment of impaired wound healing.


Abstract Background Liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) is a liposomal formulation of irinotecan which prolongs circulation of irinotecan and its active metabolite SN-38. This analysis describes the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of nal-IRI in patients with various tumour types, including untreated mPC. Methods Plasma concentration data for total irinotecan (tIRI) and SN-38 from an open-label, phase 2 study of nal-IRI plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin and oxaliplatin in patients with untreated mPC (NCT02551991; N = 48) were pooled with data from six other nal-IRI studies (five phase 1/2, one phase 3) in various tumour types. Data from overall 440 patients were used in the population PK model for tIRI and SN-38 after nal-IRI administration. PK parameters were estimated with non-linear mixed effects modelling. The adequacy of the model was assessed based on the uncertainty of parameter estimates, and on advanced evaluation methods such as visual predictive check. Potential covariates such as patient demographics and genotype were investigated to examine inter-individual variability. Results tIRI is described by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination. SN-38 is formed directly by a first-order constant from the central compartment of nal-IRI or after using a transit compartment. In the pooled population (N = 440), clearance was 0.1 L/h and 150 L/h for tIRI and SN-38, respectively. Central and peripheral volumes of distributions for tIRI were 4 L and 0.4 L, respectively. Consistent with previous data, tIRI clearance was 80% higher in patients of Asian ethnicity (n = 154/440) than other populations. Increasing bilirubin levels were associated with lower SN-38 clearance, and tIRI and SN-38 clearances were 20% lower in females than males. The UGT1A128 7/7 homozygous genotype (6% of the study population) had no statistically significant impact on SN-38 clearance. Model evaluation was satisfactory for both tIRI and SN-38. Conclusions The PK of nal-IRI and SN-38 in patients with mPC is well described by the population model. The results suggest that UGT status has no impact on the PK of nal-IRI. Editorial acknowledgement Oxford PharmaGenesis, Oxford, UK for providing editorial support, which was sponsored by Ipsen, Abingdon, UK. Legal entity responsible for the study Ipsen. Funding Ipsen. Disclosure T. Macarulla: Honoraria (institution): Shire Pharmaceuticals; Honoraria (institution): Roche; Honoraria (institution): Tesaro; Honoraria (institution): Baxter; Honoraria (institution), Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Sanofi; Honoraria (institution): Celgene; Honoraria (institution): QED Therapeutics; Honoraria (institution): Genzyme Europe; Honoraria (institution): Baxalta; Honoraria (institution), Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Bayer; Honoraria (institution): Incyte; Honoraria (institution): Genzyme; Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Merck; Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: H3 Biomedicine. K. Brendel: Full / Part-time employment: Ipsen. Z.A. Wainberg: Advisory / Consultancy: Lilly; Advisory / Consultancy: Merck; Advisory / Consultancy: BMS; Advisory / Consultancy: Bayer; Advisory / Consultancy: Novartis; Advisory / Consultancy: Ipsen. F. Dayyani: Advisory / Consultancy: Array; Advisory / Consultancy, Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: Eisai; Advisory / Consultancy, Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: Genentech; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: Ipsen; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: Amgen; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: Sirtex. B. Zhang: Full / Part-time employment: Ipsen. B. Belanger: Full / Parttime employment: Ipsen. Y. Moore: Full / Part-time employment: Ipsen. A. Pedret-Dunn: Full / Parttime employment: Ipsen. F. Maxwell: Full / Part-time employment: Ipsen. A. Dean: Advisory / Consultancy, Non-paid: Shire; Advisory / Consultancy, Non-paid: Specialised Therapeutics Australia; Travel / Accommodation / Expenses, Grant: Amgen. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


This chapter develops the theoretical framework within which Italian poverty characteristics and drivers should be understood, in a European comparative perspective. Following Polanyi's approach, it argues that poverty is the outcome of modes of regulation of social processes that, on one hand, shape the system of opportunities and disadvantages, and, on the other, expose specific social groups to the risk of poverty. These modes of regulation are historically rooted and involve economic processes, family and social forms of solidarities, gender arrangements and cultural norms and representations.
Based on various indicators, the chapter delineates five types of poverty regimes within the EU, which differ both in levels and intensity of poverty and in the specific dimensions of vulnerability.


The wall teichoic acid of Staphylococcus hyicus has been isolated and characterized. The teichoic acid is a glycerol phosphate polymer with glycosidically linked N‐acetylglucosamine. Interaction with concanavalin A and susceptibility to α‐ but not to β‐N‐acetylglucosamindase showed that the sugar is in the α‐configuration.


The advent of the computer created an opportunity to simulate the effects of real-life scenarios. This characteristic, being able to correct mistakes before they happen, has made simulation a popular and a frequently used decision making technique. The rapid changes in today's technology have created a challenging environment for those individuals involved in educating today's work force. As new technologies emerge, employees and students need to be trained on these manufacturing processes and procedures. The project presented in this paper uses simulation in the development of a computer-assisted instruction tool that is aimed at training managers of these new technologies in the areas of manufacturing planning and control (MPC).


Abstract The seasonal variation of suspended microplankton on a transect across Nordvestbanken in 1994 revealed that pico- and nanoplankton flagellates and monads (< 2 fμm and 2-20 mμ, respectively) entirely determined total phytoplankton numbers and biomass. From March to May and from August to October nanoflagellates and monads comprised on average 90 % and up to 98 % of total phytoplankton biovolLrme. Only during the maximum diatom and dinoflagellate abundance in June and July, and during the appearance of Halosphaera viridis at selected stations on the mid shelf, did flagellates comprise less than 60-90% oftotal biovolume. In general, the abundances ofpicoplankton, coccolithophorids and Phaeocystis pouchetii were low, never comprising more than a few percent of total biovolume. The estimated total biomass of pico-, nano- and microplankton (from biovolume), phytoplankton (from chlorophyll and epifluorcscence estimates) and larger protozooplankton (from biovolmne) in the upper layers were on average 3-1...


To assess the feasibility of offering standardized yoga protocols as a complementary approach to improve post-treatment side-effects in cancer patients, and obtain pilot results of association between their practice and cancer-related quality of life. Seventeen survivors (88% women, age=55 years, 34% breast cancer, 66% others, months post-treatment=39) participated in eight weekly, 90-minute sessions using the Healing Yoga for Cancer Survivorship (HYCS) protocol comprised of active (reclining, seated, kneeling, standing, restorative postures) and contemplative practices (intention setting, chanting, mudra, pranayama, body scan, guided relaxation). Participants reported daily on which HYCS protocols were practiced and quality of life domains (physical, functional, emotional, spiritual) using online tool based on validated FACT-G and FACT-Sp questionnaires. Association between yoga practice and QoL analyzed using the generalized estimated equation model (GEE). Participants used intention setting (29 days), breathing (25 days), reclining asana (24 days), and mudra (21 days) most frequently (attendance=67.6%, daily reporting rate=72.4%) Participation in active HYCS showed a 60% increase in emotional wellbeing [RR=1.60, 95% CI (1.06-2.40), p=0.02], specifically reclining asana [RR=6.24, 95% CI (1.44-27.10), p=0.01], standing asana [RR=6.06, 95% CI (1.08-33.85), p=0.04], and restorative asana [RR=5.07, 95% CI (1.15-22.42), p=0.03]. Participation in contemplative HYCS showed an 87% increase in spiritual well-being [RR=1.87, 95% CI (1.12-3.11), p=0.02], specifically body scan [RR=4.78, 95% CI (1.31-17.43), p=0.02], and final relaxation [RR=3.62, 95% CI (1.10-11.87), p=0.03]. This study demonstrates the feasibility of offering a comprehensive therapeutic yoga protocol for cancer survivors including contemplative practices that may help improve participant's emotional and spiritual quality of life. Introduction The word yoga is from the Sanskrit root yuj, which means to join or yoke together in union, philosophically referring to the union of the individual self with the universal self that can occur through the practice of yoga. There are a variety of forms of yoga, each with their own practices and ideals. Hatha yoga is the root of many other physical forms of the practice such as Iyengar, Restorative, and Anusara. The word hatha is a combination of ha, or sun, and tha, or moon; when joined these words are translated as 'forceful'. It is believed that through the physical yoga practice, the practitioner balances these two complementary energies that imbue all life, and through this balance, the body is made strong and steady. It is commonly believed that the Yoga Sutra, one of earliest texts describing the practices of Hatha yoga, was authored by Patanjali and compiled around 400 C.E. In this treatise of aphorisms, Patanjali outlines the method and benefits of practicing the eight-limbed path of Hatha yoga. These eight limbs are yama, moral observances of how to best interact with others; niyama, self-restraints to reduce inner suffering; asana, the physical postures; pranayama, control of the breath; pratyahara, drawing awareness inward; dharana, or one-pointed concentration; dhyana, or absorption with the object of meditation; and samadhi, or awareness of oneness. As a whole, this system of physical and contemplative practices enhances body awareness, encourages the distribution of vital energy, and promotes wellness. According to the Taittiriya Upanishad, there are five sheaths or layers that make up the Atman, or Self. From the gross to the subtle, the five sheaths are anamaya kosha, the food sheath or physical body; pranamaya kosha, the energy sheath or pranic body; manomaya kosha, the mental/emotional sheath or our everyday thoughts and reactions; vjnanamaya kosha, the wisdom sheath or witness consciousness; and anandamaya kosha, the bliss sheath or soul. The different practices of the eight–limbed path of Hatha yoga enable the practitioner to positively affect the koshas. For example, the practice of asana strengthens anamaya kosha; the practice of pranayama strengthens pranamaya kosha; and practicing pratyahara, dharana, and dhyana create calm within manomaya kosha, providing greater access to vijnanamaya and annandamaya koshas. Therefore, depending on which limbs of yoga are practiced, changes may be made within different domains of well-being. According to a survey published by Yoga Alliance in 2016, more than 36 million Americans have practiced yoga in the past six months, and over 70% of those who practice regularly are women. It is also reported that 10% of practitioners began practicing because of a medical condition, but only 6% say they received recommendations from a traditional doctor/nurse/physical therapist. Practitioners' motivation to continue practicing yoga reportedly varies from flexibility (59%), to stress reduction (53%), to general fitness (47%), to improving overall health (48%), to mental health (35%), to spiritual development (23%), among others. The vast majority, 67% of practitioners report that they do yoga in their homes. Additionally, it was reported in study of over 34,500 American adults surveyed in 2012 that 13% were lifetime yoga practitioners. Of those, 90% used breathing exercises and 55% used meditation. In 2016, an estimated 1.65 million new cancer cases are expected to be diagnosed, with cancers of the digestive system, breast, prostate, and lung comprising the most common types. As of January 1, 2014, there were an estimated 14.5 million cancer survivors in the United States, with a 5-year relative survival rate of 69% for all cancers diagnosed during 2005-2011. This was an improvement from the 1975 survival rate of less than 50%. Despite greater survival, cancer and its allopathic treatments are often associated with a reduction in quality of life (QoL) across physical, functional, emotional, and spiritual domains that may include pain, insomnia, fatigue, digestive disturbance, inability to work, anxiety, and hopelessness. These side-effects range from acute, which occur during treatment and last for a short period of time, to chronic, which occur during treatment and may last months or years, to late, which occur months or years after treatment has ended. Meta-analysis shows that exercise interventions may have variable beneficial effects on function within physical, role, and social domains, including cancer-related fatigue, cognitive impairment, sleep problems, depression, pain, anxiety, and physical dysfunction among cancer survivors. When comparing yoga to other forms of exercise (e.g., walking, running, dancing, bicycling), yoga proves to be as effective as, or better than other exercise in improving many health-related outcomes including fatigue, mood, pain, sleep disturbance, and stress. Research also suggests that yoga is a well-tolerated form of exercise for cancer survivors, and beneficial for managing fatigue, insomnia, stress, mood disturbances, and distress. Approximately 21% of cancer survivors in the United States engaged in complementary and alternative (CAM) practices to help manage the effects of their illness. The third most common CAM practice used among cancer survivors was yoga. There are many different types of yoga (e.g., Hatha, Iyengar, Ashtanga, Vinyasa, Yin), and all types of yoga may not be appropriate for all cancer survivors. The survivor's previous exposure to yoga, their overall health, previous injuries, and other factors may preclude them from practicing a more vigorous style of yoga (e.g., Ashtanga, Bikram, Power Vinyasa), as these styles may be too challenging to be considered therapeutic for post-treatment care. Research suggests that Hatha yoga and restorative yoga are quickly gaining acceptance in Western medicine for therapeutic use. Research also suggests that meditative movement therapies, such as the more contemplative forms of yoga and mindfulness, may be helpful for improving healthrelated QoL in certain conditions, including cancer. Therefore, it is important that yoga protocols be tested for their safety and effectiveness in managing survivors' QoL. However, what the previous research lacks is data collected on how individual yoga practices impact survivor's QoL. Merely using the word 'yoga' to describe an intervention fails to provide enough detail as the practices included in 'yoga' can vary widely between active and restorative asanas or various calming and energizing breathing techniques, even within the same tradition. When a yoga intervention includes many different practices, how can we determine whether an increase in well-being was due to the active asana practice or a guided final relaxation? This point was key when developing the Healing Yoga for Cancer Survivorship (HYCS) protocol, and this study addresses the following questions: (1) Can a standardized protocol that includes a wide array of physical and contemplative yoga techniques significantly affect QoL and reduce reported residual side-effects in the post-treatment results of a variety of types of cancer patients? (2) Does more consistent practice of a standardized protocol correlate with stronger improvements in measured outcomes and greater reduction of residual treatment side-effects? (3) Which yoga practices (physical or contemplative) have the greatest effect on QoL across physical, functional, emotional, and spiritual domains? Objectives There were two main objectives of the study: (1) To assess the feasibility of offering the standardized HYCS protocol as a CAM practice to improve post-treatment side effects and overall QoL of cancer survivors. The HYCS protocol contains physical practices (reclining, seated, kneeling, standing, and restorative asana) and contemplative practices (intention setting, chanting, mudra, pranayama, body scan, and final relaxation). (2) To obtain pilot data on the relationship between the yoga practice and four QoL domains


The magnetic field of Earth, B e, is an intriguing topic in the introductory physics curriculum that engages students' curiosity and inspires numerous speculations about the nature of this phenomenon. There are several methods for measuring Earth's magnetic field. Probably, the most widespread and visual method of measuring the field in student lab experiments utilizes a tangent galvanometer. Recently, PASCO scientific suggested to use a magnetic field sensor for this goal, in a procedure where a magnetic field sensor combined with a rotary motion sensor is rotated in a 2-D plane containing the magnetic field vector of Earth. In this case, the magnetic field detected by the magnetic field sensor is a component of the magnetic field vector oriented relative to the direction of the magnetic field sensor probe (radial component of magnetic field). This means that the detected magnetic field considered as a function of the angle of rotation of the sensor will be a sinusoidal function. The amplitude of this function is the magnitude of Earth's magnetic field. In conducting this experiment, initially the sensor is set to zero by placing it in a Zero Gauss Chamber (mu-metal). The equipment setup of the experiment is depicted in the figure shown in Ref. 9. The described experiment requires the use of a dip needle that is a compass pivoted to move in the plane containing the magnetic field vector of Earth. The dip needle shows the dip angle θ (inclination) that Earth's magnetic field makes with the horizontal. Besides the previously mentioned devices, this experiment requires the use of an aluminum table clamp, adjustable angle clamp, and angle indicator to ensure proper alignment of the rotary motion sensor in a 2D plane containing the magnetic field vector.


Using qualitative methods and a case study design, the perceptions and writing processes of three AfricanAmerican eighth grade males were explored. Data were derived from semi-structured and informal interviews, and document analysis. The study concluded that the perceptions of the three participants' writing processes did not adhere to the steps depicted by the cognitive process model of writing (Flower & Hayes, 1981) that has become a dominant model for describing the composing processes of students. Recommendations are made for altering the Flower and Hayes model to depict how these three, AfricanAmerican eighth graders perceive school writing.


Many body armors are made by stacking unidirectional (UD) layers in different orientations, typically alternating 0 degree and 90 degree layers. These UD layers are constructed by laminating thin layers of high-performance fibers held in place using binder resins and thin polymer films, with the fibers in each layer oriented parallel to each other. Of interest is the longterm structural performance, and while some research has been done into the behavior of the fibers after ageing, very little has been done on the behavior of the binder resins. Thus, to accurately predict long-term performance of armors constructed from UD laminates, a better understanding of the material property changes of all its constituents with ageing is necessary. This work presents tensile data for UD laminate specimens that have been aged up to 150 days at 70 °C and 76 % relative humidity (RH). The results show evidence of degradation in strength after ageing when tested at low stress rates, indicative of binder degradation, mirroring previous observations of delamination after ageing.


Objective: To investigate the efficacy of Suzi Jiangqi decoction combined Shuxuening injection in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease( COPD) and the influence on the pulmonary function. Methods: 96 patients in our hospital during the period from January 2008 to December 2012 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group. Each group had 48 cases. The control group was treated with western medicine convention treatment. The observation group was given Suzi Jiangqi decoction combined Shuxuening injection. The clinical efficacy rate,FVC、FEV1and FEV1/ FVC were compared between the two groups. Results: after treatment,all the patients had certain clinical efficacy. The clinical response rate of the observation group was 95. 83%,significantly higher than 72. 92% of the control group,the difference was statistically significant( P 0. 05); the FVC、FEV1and FEV1/ FVC were significantly improved of both groups,but the observation group was much better than the control group,the difference was statistically significant( P 0. 05). Conclusion: Suzi Jiangqi decoction combined Shuxuening injection had better clinical efficacy in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It can significantly improve the treatment efficiency and the pulmonary function. It is worth popularized in clinical.


Matthew C. Canver, Daniel E. Bauer, Abhishek Dass, Yvette Y. Yien, Jacky Chung, Takeshi Masuda, Takahiro Maeda, Barry H. Paw, and Stuart H. Orkin There was an error in the title and the first sentence of the abstract. The CRISPR acronym should be clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY VOL. 292, NO. 6, p. 2556, February 10, 2017 © 2017 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Published in the U.S.A.


The interspecific crossing between Macrobrachium asperulum from Taiwan and M. shokitai from Iriomote Island of the Ryukyus was tried under laboratory conditions. These two species were quite easily crossed, and their hybrid offsprings developed normally but proved to be sterile. Three larval stages, two zoeal and one megalopal, were passed through before going into the first juvenile stage. Major characteristics of these stages are described, and systematic relationships are discussed among M. asperulum, M. shokitai and M. formosense.


Cath Moore draws attention to the unique Danish co-writing process that most Danish directors employ, in which a director and screen-writer collaborate on scripts and share writing credit. Bier's most successful films have been co-written with Anders Thomas Jensen, who also works with actors during the writing process, rewriting lines of story and dialogue after collaborative reading sessions. With a focus on the Bier/Jensen trilogy, Moore delineates the creative divergences between Bier's solo work and Jensen's dark satirical and absurdist self-written and directed films. Moore concludes that the critical and commercial success of the unparalleled Bier/Jensen oeuvre is a result of their preference for highly dramatic stories focused on personal conflict that transcends the local domestic space of Denmark. These transnational storylines, she believes, utilize different national settings as an important facet of story construction to visualize a shared humanity.


If it feels like you attract mosquitoes, you are on to something. Females of most mosquito species need to consume blood to produce eggs, and they use specialized senses to scope out their next snack. The saliva they leave behind after "taking a bite" can cause anything from a little itching to painful bumps and a fever. These thirsty insects use their ability to detect carbon dioxide, odor molecules, and heat to find food. In this article, we discuss the basics of smell in mosquitoes: how they smell, what their "nose" looks like, and how they specifically detect humans like you. There is more to mosquitoes than buzzing and bites! A better understanding of how mosquitoes detect odors and find prey may be the key to protecting against the diseases they cause.


Jan Kościolek was a trained lawyer, a clerk of mid-war and post-war Poland, author of many publications. Almost all of them had one objective: to make works of offices more effective. The main aim of the article is to describe his literary output and methods of dealing with records more efficiently, that are presented there. The first part of the article lists 34 publications of Kościolek in a matter of chronology and their subject. He published manuals describing all aspects of institutions functioning (from social problems of working in an office to specific office tasks), as well as articles and books about specific subjects, like controls on district levels or creating manipulative prints and forms. He also published reports on foreign literature and commentaries to regulations of that time. The second part of the article is a synthesis of topic that, according to Kościolek, were supposed to expedite office work, e.g. system of employees suggestions, a special organisational units dedicated to control of creating and storage of records, diagnosing problems in office work (with several methods of analysis), using forms, questions of office space and its equipment, the role of the management staff, working according to an agreed agenda, and systematic controls. The article also describes some of Kościolek's suggestions about, among others, circulation and storage of records, elements of correspondence, methods of classifying records, office systems.


The kinematics of galaxies within 10 Mpc of the Milky Way is investigated using published distances and radial velocities. With respect to the average Hubble flow (isotropic or simple anisotropic), there is no systematic relation between peculiar velocity dispersion and absolute magnitude over a range of 10 mag; neither is there any apparent variation with galaxy type or between field and cluster members. There are several possible explanations for the lack of variation, though all have difficulties: either there is no relationship between light and mass on these scales, the peculiar velocities are not produced by gravitational interaction, or the background dynamical picture is wrong in some systematic way. The extremely cold local flow of 40-60 km s-1 dispersion reported by some authors is shown to be an artifact of sparse data, a velocity dispersion of over 100 km s-1 being closer to the actual value. Galaxies with a high (positive) radial velocity have been selected against in studies of this volume, biasing numerical results.


We consider a multilateral matching market, where two or more agents can engage in a joint venture via multilateral contracts. Possible joint ventures are exogenously given. We study four stability concepts: strong group stability, stability, setwise stability, and weak setwise stability. We characterize the structure of possible joint ventures that guarantee the efficiency and existence of outcomes satisfying these stability concepts under general preference profiles. Specifically, we show that any stable outcome, setwise stable outcome, and weakly setwise stable outcome are efficient for any preference profile if and only if the structure of possible joint ventures satisfies a condition called the acyclicity. We also show that the acyclicity is a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a strongly group stable outcome and stable outcome for any preference profile. Moreover, we show that a weaker condition called the no-crossing property is a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a setwise stable outcome and weakly setwise stable outcome for any preference profile.


Summary.

The condition of mucous cysts of the fingers has well-defined clinical features and is due to mucoid change in the sub-cutaneous tissues.

2. The condition is not "synovial" in the sense that the cysts are related to or communicate with joints.

3.Ganglia and synovial cysts are clinically distinguishable conditions.

4.Fundamentally the processes in the two conditions are similar but, though this is important pathologically, it should not be allowed to sustain the confusion which has arisen in the literature concerning what are, in their fully developed forms. distinguishable conditions.

5.Peri-articular nodules may occur also in cystic form but are readily distinguishable by their site and structure.

6.Thus the three conditions which have been confused in the literature and which may become morphologically similar by synovial differentiation of their tissues are:

(i)mucous cysts of the fingers,

(ii) ganglion,

(iii) peri-articular nodules.

Clinically they are readily distinguishable.


The sensuous torrid heat of the Mexican summertime would seem to be the least appropriate refuge for the Marqués de Bradomı́n's project of forgetting certain 'amores desgraciados' by his romantic peregrinations in the New World.1 His desire to escape memory by giving himself over to the aleatory in the form of travel, although in fact a re-enactment and reinscription of the models of the journey to the exotic other as an evasion of a disquieting past in his predecessors, notably Chateaubriand, leads him straight into the arms of a femme fatale who recalls Mérimée's Carmen. Bradomı́n as narrator gives a knowing wink at the reader, who recognizes not only the literary debts of Bradomı́n's younger self, whose adventures he recounts with a measured irony, but the inherent futility of his attempt to flee passion through a series of displacements, since the structure of his desire forces him constantly into the same role plays and maskings. His willing submission to chance events forms a parallel with the emphasis on the ludic throughout the Sonata de estı́o, which fascinates him by its apparent ability to free the subject from the prisonhouse of his own intentionality and sense of self. The thematics of the game, underlined by the two scenes of the cardplayers in the novel, could be considered to create a privileged metaphor to describe the deconstructive free play of the text, its destabilization and loss of anchorage in the presumably fixed signified. However, I would like to opt for a reading oriented toward the question of the determination of value that the focus on the game brings to light, and in particular I would like to focus on the implications of the shark scene early in the text. The reward that the Niña Chole offers in the episode to the unfortunate black man—were he to succeed in capturing a shark—does more than anything else to incite Bradomı́n's interest in her. It condenses the underlying motif of the second of the sonatas of the transformation of ludic spaces, which ought to be 'possible worlds' abstracted from


An experienced instructional designer and a legal professional jointly designed an Instructional Curriculum Map ("ICM") and it's rubrics for legal practice consisting of three parts: 1) to recognize social problems; 2) to create rules; and 3) to apply and amend/interpret such created rules. The learners highly evaluated the course and learners' skill levels increased as a result of taking the course implementing the ICM, although the necessity of improvements to the administrative aspects thereof are suggested by specialists. However, through analysis, it was concluded that the course could be improved if the following changes were made, namely, 1) learners are enrolled on a pre-program to enable them to acquire the skills to think logically, and 2) redundant explanations or multiple questions are avoided when a learner fails to progress and instead the dialogue is repeated when a learner fails to progress.


The efficient finite element discretization of the Helmholtz equation becomes challenging in the medium frequency regime because of numerical dispersion, or what is often referred to in the literature as the pollution effect. A number of FEMs with plane wave basis functions have been proposed to alleviate this effect, and improve on the unsatisfactory preasymptotic convergence of the polynomial FEM. These include the partition of unity method, the ultra‐weak variational formulation, and the discontinuous enrichment method. A previous comparative study of the performance of such methods focused on the first two aforementioned methods only. By contrast, this paper provides an overview of all three methods and compares several aspects of their performance for an acoustic scattering benchmark problem in the medium frequency regime. It is found that the discontinuous enrichment method outperforms both the partition of unity method and the ultra‐weak variational formulation by a significant margin. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This paper analyses the inadequacy of IPRs to foster R&D for vaccines and drugs for neglected diseases with main importance for developing countries. It does so by providing an analysis of legal and economic aspects of IP as they relate to R&D for these diseases. Based on this, the paper discusses in how far IPRs encourage innovation in different national and socio-economic contexts. Special emphasis is also given to the need to take the nature of different markets and the level of economic development into account in the making of global IPR frameworks. This poses the question whether IPRs can contribute to the creation of a market. With regard to this question, the paper argues that IPRs alone are not enough to create a market.


Neutron inelastic scattering experiments carried out on ${\mathrm{Y}}_{0.90}$${\mathrm{Tb}}_{0.10}$ and ${\mathrm{Y}}_{0.90}$${\mathrm{Ho}}_{0.10}$ at 4.7\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K show that well-defined spin waves exist in dilute alloys of the heavy rare earths Tb and Ho in yttrium metal. The measured spin-wave dispersion relations are satisfactorily described by a mean-lattice model together with the assumption that the exchange interaction $\mathcal{J}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{q}})$ is related to the conduction-electron susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{q}})$ of yttrium and, hence, is common to both alloys. The $\mathcal{J}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{q}})$ function deduced from the data possesses a peak, at the wave vector of the helical magnetic structures of the alloys, that is much larger than those measured for the pure rare-earth metals. This result is consistent with theoretical calculations of $\ensuremath{\chi}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{q}})$ by Liu, Gupta, and Sinha from the electronic energy bands for yttrium and with measurements of the magnetic structures of yttrium-rare-earth alloys as a function of composition and applied magnetic field.


The Asiatic hybrid lily 'Kitakirari' has a division-type bulb that produces multiple flower stalks, and bulbs for cut flower production are cultivated for 2 or 3 years in an open field. The division-type bulb forms bulblet primordia on the stalk axis in the mother bulb, and then the bulblets enlarge; as a result, the bulb divides. In this study, the effects of temperature on 'Kitakirari' division in bulb production were investigated with the bulblet attached to biennial plants. In experiment 1, the effects of temperature before freezing storage on bulb quality in the final stage of bulb production were investigated. When the bulbs were treated at 8°C for 12 weeks before freezing storage, many non-standard bulbs were observed. The non-standard bulbs had five or more bulblets in the mother bulb and were not suitable for use in cut flower production. In contrast, non-standard bulbs were not found in the treatment group that was promptly frozen and stored at –2°C. In experiment 2, although temperature treatments after freezing storage did not affect the number of bulblets in the mother bulb, the bulb weight in the high-temperature group (heat cultivation at 15°C) was significantly heavier than in the low-temperature group (cultivation in the open field), and the bulb width was also significantly greater than in the low-temperature group.


The 21st century's today,in our country's 56 nationalities,Dongxiang minority's education places the bottom several,Dongxiang minority's education is not exceptional in Xinjiang.Relevance data of this article is gained by the fact finding.This article explained the education of Dongxiang minority in Xinjiang,analyzed the present situation of Dongxiang minority's education,put forward some countermeasures.


Radiocarbon dates of incorporated moss indicate advance of the Collins Ice Cap on Fildes Peninsula (King George Island) after ~650 cal. yr BP (~AD 1300), broadly contemporaneous with the `Little Ice Age', as defined in Europe. During that time, the glacier extended less than 400—500 m beyond its present-day margin. Moreover, radiocarbon data indicate that this was the most extensive advance of the last 3500 cal. years. Prior to ~650 cal. yr BP, the ice must have been at or behind its present position. Furthermore, the data indicate that climate conditions prior to the late-Holocene advance may have been similar to (or possibly warmer than) today.


Purpose:  This study was done to examine factors affecting quality of life among
community-dwelling elderly women who live in rural areas. Methods: The design of this research
was cross-sectional descriptive study. The participants were 92 community-dwelling women aged
65 or older. Data were collected from November 1 to 15, 2013. ADL (Kart's Index), GDS-SF
(Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form) and GQOL (Geriatric Quality of Life Scale) were used to
measure variables. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using
descriptive statistics, Spearman's coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The
participants' mean age was 77.5, and 85.9% had elementary school graduation or less education,
and for 64.1%, their economic status was low. Spearman's rho coefficient analysis found that QOL
was significantly associated with depression (r=-.72, p<.001), perceived health (r=.58, p<.001),
regular exercise (r=.47, p<.001), education level (r=.29, p=.005), and ADL (r=-.21, p=.043). Multiple
regression analysis showed that 65.9% of their QOL was explained by depression (β=-.72),
perceived health (β=.24), ADL (β=-.16), exercise (β=.22) and number of diseases (β=.19).
Conclusion: These results indicate that older women who live rural areas need support for ADL,
and prevention of depression to improve their quality of life.


BACKGROUND: Use of flocculation in wastewater treatment involves interactions of polymer with suspended solids and some dissolved organic compounds that can have a significant impact on aggregation process.

RESULTS: It was found that a strong interaction between cationic compounds and dissolved pigments in anaerobically digested (AD) wastewater occurred. The interactions were investigated by light adsorption of the pigments using a commercial flocculant added in the solutions and through a liquid–liquid extraction method using a model cationic surfactant (CTAB) dissolved in organic solvents. The absorbance of pigments decreased significantly with added cationic flocculant as the pigments and flocculants formed insoluble complexes that were removed by centrifugation.

CONCLUSION: The absorbance results indicate that the pigments can form complexes even at high concentrations (e.g. 2000 mg L−1) of the flocculants. In addition, the extraction results demonstrated that pigments in the aqueous phase were transferred into the CTAB organic phase due to a strong interaction between the pigments and CTAB. These results suggest that the pigments present in AD effluent could be a negative factor for the flocculation process, probably resulting in the need for a high dosage of flocculants. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry


The invention provides an electro-hydraulic driver of a control valve, which comprises a hydraulic driving system, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, a position sensor and a control unit; wherein, the hydraulic driving system is used for driving a valve core of the control valve and comprises a bidirectional driving cylinder, a directional control valve, a three-position four-way reversing valve, an energy accumulator, a servo motor and a bidirectional gear pump; the pressure sensor and the flow sensor are installed on a fluid output pipeline, are used for detecting the pressure and the flow of the output fluid in the pipeline and are connected with the control unit; the position sensor is used for detecting the valve core position of the control valve to be controlled and is connected with the control unit. The electro-hydraulic driver realizes that hydraulic oil can flow out of an oil outlet cavity and directly enter an oil inlet cavity without passing through an oil tank, and has simple and compact structure; the motor and the oil pump do not need to continuously run but operate intermittently, which can not only save energy but also prolong the service life of the system, thus realizing stable operation for extra-long time and quick response of the control valve with high reliability.


In a first section, the story of Tamar is read from a woman's perspective, in a meditative, literary and canonical manner. In a second section, and against the backdrop of seeing HIV and AIDS in South Africa as "a gendered pandemic," theological reflections are suggested that could contribute in the search for resistance and hope in the face of this bleak reality.


Pristine and Au‐covered molecular films have been analyzed by ToF‐SIMS for different amounts of evaporated gold. In contrast to other MetA‐SIMS studies, the metallization of the high‐mass polymers (polycarbonate and polystyrene) was carried out in situ. The evaporation flux was monitored with a quartz‐crystal microbalance, and the exact quantity of deposited gold was determined by XPS. It was found that the sticking coefficient of gold on these polymers is less than one. The evolution of the secondary ion yield using Argon ion bombardment is studied as a function of the total amount of deposited metal. Furthermore, the SIMS results are accompanied by a detailed characterization of the sample surfaces morphology, in order to check any possible relation between the structure of the deposited metallic film and the yield enhancement of S‐SIMS signals. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The article is devoted to the analysis of the image of Maria Lazich in Afanasy Fet's Ранние годы моей жизни [Early Years of My Life]. The author's beloved appears as Elena Larina in this work, which belongs to the prose memoir genre. Biographical and fictionalising elements (literary references, use of known character models, and the dramatisation of the love theme) used to build this literary portrait are discussed. The article shows social and literary phenomena, such as Georgesandism and the re-evaluation of the notions of marriage, which influenced the shaping of Maria's character.


Despite legislation introduced in 2014, requiring schools to have a medical conditions policy in place many are yet to comply. Paul Keenleyside explains the impact this can have on children with epilepsy and other medical conditions, and why appropriate school support is essential.


SituGede is a valuable environmental asset for soil and water ecosystems in the city of Bogor and its surroundings. The productive use of this area can be done through ecotourism. The concept of back to nature, is a contemporary lifestyle that is increasingly popular, especially after the covid 19 pandemic. In order for the function of ecotourism to be carried out in a sustainable manner, collaboration between concepts and stakeholders is a priority. Visitor management is one way that can be taken in an effort to make SituGede a sustainable ecotourism destination


The purposes of audiological screening are usually twofold: the detection of hearing loss affecting communication and the detection of pathological conditions of the ear requiring medical attention. The studies by Eagles and his colleagues (Jordan and Eagles, 1961) in the early 1960s pointed out the difficulty of accomplishing both goals with pure tone audiometric screening of school-aged children. These studies found cases of significant ear pathology without sufficient hearing loss to be detected by even the most rigid hearing screening criteria. Since that time, it has come to be accepted that an audiometric screening program will detect most significant hearing problems but will miss many otological problems requiring medical intervention. Attention has been turned to other measures that would better detect otological problems requiring medical attention. The early detection of hearing loss has also received increased attention because of the devastating consequences of hearing loss in the crucial first years of speech and language development. Conventional pure tone audiometric screening procedures used with school-aged children are not appropriate for infants. Alternative measures have been sought to detect hearing impairment in infants and young children. Thus, recent activity has been in two areas of screening: (1) the better detection of hearing loss at the earliest age, and (2) the better detection of pathological conditions of the ear.


Introduction Autologous or allogeneic cell delivery to the herniated or degenerated intervertebral disk may promote tissue regeneration and arrest degeneration1–4. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from the patient's somatic cells represent an attractive cell source, having the potential to differentiate into various cell types5. To date, no studies have demonstrated that human iPSCs can differentiate into nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. We have previously shown that both human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells and mouse iPSCs were able to display many NP-like cell markers after cultured in a laminin-rich 3D culture system for inducing differentiation6,7. The goal of this study is to evaluate whether human iPSCs cultured in this similar laminin-rich environment can also express a unique NP-like cell phenotype. Materials and Methods Cell Generation and Characterization iPSCs were generated from human embryonic dermal fibroblasts through transient inducible over-expression of transcription factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and MYC) by a lentiviral-based gene delivery system (a poly-cystronic vector with the Reverse Tetracycline Transactivator (M2rtTA) and doxycycline). For the derived colonies, immuno-cytochemistry was performed using a pluripotent markers kit (OCT4, SOX2, SSEA-4, TRA1-60, TRA1-81 and alkaline phosphatase, Applied StemCell). Selected iPSC colonies were maintained in culture upon a PMEF feeder layer. Cell Differentiation Undifferentiated iPSCs were seeded (106/well, Transwell) on wells precoated with Matrigel to generate a soft laminin-rich matrix6,7. Cells were cultured in conditioned medium collected from porcine NP tissues (DMEM + 1% ITS)8 for up to 28 days. Flow Cytometry Analysis Undifferentiated iPSCs were incubated with the antibodies against CD24, CD31, CD90, integrin subunits a3 (CD49c), a6 (CD49f), and b1 (CD29). For intracellular expression of transcription factors (Brachyury, OCT4), cells were permeabilized before incubation with primary antibodies. Cells were analyzed for fluorescence (Accuri C6) to quantify the percent of positively labeled cells. Immunohistochemistry Differentiated cells were harvested for cryo-sectioning. Cell morphology and proteoglycan synthesis was assessed by histological staining (H&E and Safranin O). Expression of NP markers was evaluated by immunostaining for matrix proteins (type II collagen (COL II), laminin 10 (LM511)), laminin-related receptors (CD239, integrin subunits a3, a6, b1, b4), and other markers (vimentin (VIM), cytokeratin 8 (KRT8), N-cadherin, CD24), as well as non-NP-markers (type I collagen, E-cadherin). Results iPSCs proliferated and formed colonies on PMEF feeder layers similar to embryonic stem cells (Fig. 1A). During proliferation, iPSC colonies expressed many typical human pluripotent markers (i.e. SOX2, TRA1-60 in Fig. 1A), and expressed integrin (α3, α6 and β1 subunit) proteins, other NP markers (CD24 and Brachyury), as well as MSC markers (CD29, CD90). Once cultured under soft laminin-rich matrix conditions, iPSCs were shown to adopt a cell clustering morphology. At day 28 of differentiation, iPSCs expressed NP-related matrix proteins (laminin 10, LM511; type II collagen and proteoglycans as indicated by Saf O, Fig. 1B), LM511 specific receptors (CD239, integrin subunit a3, a6 and b4, Fig. 1 B), as well as many NP markers (CD24, vimentin, cytokeratin 8 and N-cadherin, Fig. 1B); it is noteworthy that type I collagen and E-cadherin were not expressed. Figure 1 (A) Undifferentiated iPSC colonies cultured on a feeder layer and expressed pluripotency markers (SOX2, TRA1-60, bar = 100 µm). (B) Immunostaining for NP markers, proteoglycans (Saf O), Col II, LM511, CD239, VIM, KRT8 in differentiated iPSCs cultured for 28 days in a Matrigel system (bar = 50 µm). Conclusion Our study evaluated a novel cell source that has potential use for cellular therapy in the IVD. Results demonstrate that native NP environment factors (soft laminin-rich matrix and secreted soluble factors) are able to promote human iPSC differentiation into a cell type exhibiting many NP-like markers and morphology. Future studies will focus on selection of NP-genic progenitor cells from these hiPSCs for IVD cellular therapy. Acknowledgments Supported by NIH R01AR057410, R01EB002263, R01AR047442,AOSpine Foundation and FAMRI Young Clinical Scientist award. I confirm having declared any potential conflict of interest for all authors listed on this abstract No Disclosure of Interest None declared Nishimura, et al. Spine 1998;23:1531 Okuma, et al. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 2000;18:988 Meisel, et al. European Spine Journal 2006;15(S3):397 Sakai. Orthopaedic Clinics of North America. 2011;42:555 Yamanaka. Cell 2009;137:13 Chon, et al. Trans ORS 2011;36:600 Jing, et al. Tans ORS 2012;37: 31 Purmessur, et al. Arthritis Research Therapy 2011;13:R81


Abstract : SAMUEL (Strategy Acquisition Method Using Empirical Learning) is a machine learning system designed to actively explore alternative behavior in a simulated environment, and to construct high performance rules from this experience. The learning method relies on the notion of competition and employs genetic algorithms to search the space of decision policies. The rule language in SAMUEL also makes it easier to incorporate existing knowledge, whether acquired from experts or by symbolic learning programs. The system includes a competition based production system interpreter, incremental strength updating procedures to measure the utility of rules, and genetic algorithms to modify strategies based on past performance. The current version includes a more convenient language for the expression of tactical control rules, better interfaces, and a number of new heuristics for rule modification. We have experimented with SAMUEL on a task involving learning control rules that enable a simulated robotic aircraft to evade an approaching missile. SAMUEL has been able to learn high performance strategies for this task. This manual should help the user to experiment with SAMUEL on other problems.


BACKGROUNDAIM: To study the detection of micrometastasis in peripheral blood of patients with cardial carcinoma and its clinical implication. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cytokeratin20(CK20)mRNA in peripheral blood of58patients with cardial carcinoma was detected by using nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)technique. RESULTS: The positive rate of CK20mRNA in peripheral blood of the58patients was36.2%.The positive rate of CK20mRNA in patients with lymph node metastasis was51.5%,while16%in patients without lymph node metastasis,the two rates were significantly different. CONCLUSION: Using nested RT-PCR technique to detect CK20mRNA in peripheral blood of patients with cardial carcinoma is helpful for early diagnosis of micrometastasis,the positive expression is related to metastasis of lymph node.


Abstract Braconid genera Histeromerus Wesmael, 1838 from subfamily Histeromerinae and Ecclitura Kokujev, 1902 from subfamily Euphorinae are recorded in the fauna of Italy for the first time. The discussions about taxonomic position, morphological characters and composition of these genera as well as the redescriptions of the genus and species of Ecclitura primoris Kokujev are given.


Abstract To what extent does the law protect the liberty of a person in lawful incarceration? This question arises at the backdrop of the importance the common law and modern constitutions attach to the right to personal liberty. Simply put, does a prisoner enjoy the right to residual liberty under the constitutional and common law systems where the prison authorities have imposed restraints not permitted by the law authorising incarceration in the first instance? The answers to these questions elicit a sharp division. Canadian and South African courts operating a Charter of Rights and Freedoms and a Bill of Rights respectively have held that the right to residual liberty exists. Yet, in spite of the emphasis English courts place on the right to personal liberties, they deny the existence of the right to residual liberty of a prisoner. Recent cases from the now defunct House of Lords and the Court of Appeal show that actions for damages based on the violation of that right fail in English courts unless the plaintiff can link the alleged wrongful act to an existing tort. That notwithstanding, a plaintiff who bases his claim on the tort of false imprisonment is bound to fail but if he alleges misfeasance in public office and goes further to prove the high threshold of that tort, his action might succeed.


F. Riesz, H. Freudenthal, L.V. Kantorovitch, Kakutani and others initiated the study of ordered linear spaces in the late 1930's. The theory developed into a mathematical discipline around 1950's. It is now one of the most important branches of functional analysis being effectively used to solve such problems, which are posed in more general setting. Several authors have studied regarding products of ordered linear spaces. Bonsall [5], Peressini [12], Jameson [9], Dalen [7], Cristescu [6], Martin [11], Karim [10] and Hong [8] have significant contributions in this area. The authors investigated [1] the inheritance of order properties from ordered product spaces to their component spaces through projections. In [2] relatively uniform convergence, order convergence etc., in product spaces of ordered linear spaces have been discussed. Order-completeness and order-separability in product spaces of ordered linear spaces were studied in [3]. A little work is done with reference to the order properties of ordered normed spaces. The first author attempted to investigate the mutual relationship of ordered product normed spaces and their component spaces in [4]. In section 3 of this article we mainly discuss how a base for the wedge W of a product ordered linear space can be investigated. Section 4 includes some order properties, which are closed under the formation of products of ordered normed spaces.


Progresses on Amelioration of Red Soil Acidity with Crop Straw Biochar: A Review XU Ren-kou (State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China) Abstract: The research progresses on amelioration of red soil acidity and immobilization of heavy metals in red soils with the biochars gener原 ated from crop straws were summarized in this review paper. The developing trends of the research in these areas in future were also predict原 ed.


This paper addresses the problem of multisource direction-of-arrival (DOA) tracking based on the labeled multi-Bernoulli (LMB) filter. In order to avoid information loss, we directly utilize the received signal at an array antenna. The normal superpositional measurement model can be used to describe the relationship between DOAs from multiple sources to the received signal. LMB is not conjugated under the multitarget likelihood function of this distribution, so no analytical solution can be obtained. In order to overcome such difficulty, the likelihood of superpositional measurement model is approximated as a complex Wishart random matrix, and the updated LMB distribution is computed by matching the probability hypothesis density (PHD) of posterior. The auxiliary particle filter is employed to implement the LMB filter, and the performance of proposed algorithm is verified via simulations.


SUMMARY

This paper focuses on the contribution of inter-annual hydrological mass redistributions to the excitation of polar motion. Variations in hydrological angular momenta are computed from the Land Dynamics Model (LaD) for the period between 1986 January and 2004 May. For validation, the numerical results for the hydrological excitations are compared with respective time-series derived from geodetic observations. In order to provide a comparable reference, the latter are reduced by atmospheric and oceanic effects which are the prominent contributors to polar motion excitation on subdiurnal to decadal timescales. Both the hydrological and the geodetic excitation series are low-pass filtered by means of a Vondrak filter in order to remove the dominant annual oscillations. For the comparison of hydrological and geodetic excitations, wavelet scalograms and cross-scalograms along with the respective normed coherency are computed. Analyses reveal that the hydrological mass redistributions deduced from LaD contribute to polar motion excitation at retrograde periods around 4 yr, although the signal energy is smaller in the hydrological excitations than that in the residual geodetic excitations.


Objective To summarize the effect of rivaroxaban for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis( DVT) after arthroplasty at home and abroad in recent years. Methods With "rivaroxaban,arthroplasty" as the keywords for the search term,use Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure,in Chinese language,search timeframeJan. 2008-Sep. 2013,13 literatures were retrieved by computers; with " rivaroxaban,arthroplasty" as the keywords for the search,searching for in Wan Fang,retrieval language is Chinese,retrieval time is 2008-01 /2013-09,the 27 literatures were found; " Rivaroxaban,arthroplasty " which are Keywords have been retrieved in Pubmed,the literature search language is limited by the English,retrieved the object of study is mankind,retrieval time is limitted in 2008-01 /2013-09,retrieve documents 82. According to search criteria, 122 literatures were detected through the computer,the 30 of the which were analysed. Results In the Chinese literature distribution of 2008-2013,Chinese literatures have been published 40,the 2009 is at least, don't one; The 2011 is at most,the previous three years,the papers published are only 5. From the PubMed, to search about rivaroxaban prevention of venous thromboembolism after joint replacement study literatures on the abroad in English have 47 kinds of journals,matching the search criteria for a total of 78,the most journal published literature calls the Lancet,there are five,its share ratio is 6. 41%. Conclusion Aftert the arthroplasty,because the prevention about rivaroxaban of deep vein thrombosis of the efficacy and safety of the drugs were better than the general,so we recommend to use the rivaroxaban in arthroplasty.


In the electricity utilities around the world, a large number of power transformers are operating beyond their design life. The reliability and quality of power transformers is vital to system operation. In order to determine the condition of the insulation in transformers, many methods are developed. The most interesting methods for identifying fault conditions of the insulation for oil-filled transformer are dissolved gas analysis (DGA), acoustic analysis for the partial discharge (PD), liquid chromatography, and transfer function techniques. But people only apply single of them to monitoring transformer, and fail to combine the full of information from different methods. This paper establishes a theory prototype of neural network fuzzy information optimization processing technique. The learning rule and some key properties for the neural network are analyzed. It gives a fuzzy neural network learning rule. The paper integrates different diagnostic methods and information likes DGA, gas rate, acoustic analysis for the PD, temperatures in transformer, electric current, etc. that the data is not very clearly separable. There are different weights associated with each diagnosis decision with DGA, PD, and other technique. And a non-linear penalty function is used.


The outbreak of the infamous Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has widely affected every aspect and flow of the human daily lives. While this effect extended to the global electrical grid, it impacted every system distinctly owing to the divided global response to the pandemic, the diverse economic development of the countries as well as the different scale and responsiveness of each electrical grid. Jordan, a middle-income economy and one of the countries that were severely impacted by the disease, was known during the start of the pandemic for imposing one of the strictest curfews and nationwide lockdown around the world. These restrictions had significantly affected the electric load demand over the year 2020. With Jordan's high residential load share (exceeding 45%), increasing contribution of generation from renewable energy sources (more than 20% in 2020), alongside its unique pandemic response and its hot summers; the Jordanian electricity demand makes an interesting case to investigate. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the Jordanian load demand during the years 2019 and 2020 and includes insights on the effects of the imposed lockdown and the varying temperature in three different time frames; pre-lockdown, during lockdown and post lockdown.


Cracks have a significant effect on the uniaxial compression of rocks. Thus, a theoretically analytical approach was proposed to assess the effects of randomly distributed cracks on the effective Young's modulus during the uniaxial compression of rocks. Each stage of the rock failure during uniaxial compression was analyzed and classified. The analytical approach for the effective Young's modulus of a rock with only a single crack was derived while considering the three crack states under stress, namely, opening, closure-sliding, and closure-nonsliding. The rock was then assumed to have many cracks with randomly distributed direction, and the effect of crack shape and number during each stage of the uniaxial compression on the effective Young's modulus was considered. Thus, the approach for the effective Young's modulus was used to obtain the whole stress–strain process of uniaxial compression. Afterward, the proposed approach was employed to analyze the effects of related parameters on the whole stress–stain curve. The proposed approach was eventually compared with some existing rock tests to validate its applicability and feasibility. The proposed approach has clear physical meaning and shows favorable agreement with the rock test results.


Abstract A Las Vegas polynomial-time algorithm is given to find a central decomposition of maximum size for a finite p-group of class 2. The proof introduces an associative *-ring as a tool for studying central products of p-groups. This technique leads to a translation of the problem into classical linear algebra which can be solved by application of the MeatAxe and other established module-theoretic algorithms. When p is small, our algorithm runs in deterministic polynomial time.


Principles and methods of Game theory were taken to analyze how to avoid conflict of stakeholder in watershed management, so as to attain multilateral cooperations under profit balance. Taking ChanBa watershed for a demonstration analysis, watershed management system and existing problems were expounded, game models between watershed administrative organization and administrative region, among different administrative regions were established, arrived at mixed strategy and dominant strategy equilibrium. The paper proposed coping strategies based on the result of game analysis in the end, i.e. improving management system, making clear of legal status, unified management of watershed and cooperative management of region, public participation in routinely management.


Fair financing of health services requires that countries reduce their reliance on out-of-pocket (OOP) funding for health services and improve their prepayment financing through general tax revenue and health insurance (particularly mandatory health insurance). While many countries in east and southern Africa (ESA) receive high levels of external funding, it is critical to increase domestic government funding for the health system to support this move away from out-of-pocket funding to provide effective financial protection from the costs of health care. This policy brief reviews progress in reducing out-of-pocket payments in ESA countries and in increasing government funding for health, particularly in terms of meeting the Abuja target of 15% of the government budget being devoted to the health sector and a target of government spending of US$60 per capita. While there has been some progress in some countries, most ESA countries are still far from achieving these fair financing targets. The brief highlights areas that merit action to meet policy commitments on fair financing.