This special issue brings together an interdisciplinary group of scholars to reflect on comics and the anarchist imagination. The curators of the 2014 British Library exhibition, "Comics Unmasked: Art and Anarchy in the UK," noted that "there has always been a certain anarchic streak" in comics (Gravett and Dunning 74). Indeed, since Ralph Chaplin's Black Cat appeared alongside the work of Ernest Riebe and Ern Hanson in the IWW's Industrial Worker in the early twentieth century, comics and cartoons have been prominent fixtures in anarchist publications, while comic books themselves have often featured anarchist heroes. To take a few more examples: in the 1960s and 70s, Donald Rooum's Wildcat comics strips featured in The Syndicalist, Freedom News, and Peace News; Clifford Harper's illustrations appeared in Undercurrents, Anarchy Magazine, and Black Flag; and Anarchy Comics (1978-1987) mixed together fiction, history, commentary, and artwork. Gaining a wider audience in the 1980s and 1990s, Alan Moore and David Lloyd's V for Vendetta (1982-1989), Grant Morrison's The Invisibles (1994-2000), and Alan Grant and Norm Breyfogle's Batman: Anarky (1999) featured anarchist themes and characters. More recently, graphic biographies like Sharon Rudahl's A Dangerous Woman: The Graphic Biography of Emma Goldman (2007), Rick Geary's The Lives of Sacco and Vanzetti (2011), and Mary M. Talbot and Bryan Talbot's The Red Virgin and the Vision of Utopia (2016), as well as visual histories such as Paul Buhle's Wobblies! A Graphic History of the International Workers of the World (2005), Cindy Milstein and Erik Ruin's Paths Towards Utopia: Graphic Explorations of Everyday Anarchism (2012), and Sean Michael Wilson and Benjamin Dickson's Fight the Power! A Visual History of Protest Amongst the English Speaking Peoples (2013) bear witness to a strong relationship between comics and anarchism. Despite this long and varied history, surprisingly little critical attention has been given to the close relationship between art, aesthetics, and politics in anti-authoritarian movements. To date, studies have fo-


A multi-injection molding apparatus having a fabric inserted thereinto is provided to lower the unit cost of products and reduce damages due to air pollution during the operation of the apparatus since a bond is not necessary in the apparatus during the molding process, and an injection molding method using the apparatus is provided. A multi-injection molding apparatus having a fabric inserted thereinto comprises: a bottom mold part(10) including a bottom fixed mold(14) forming an inner frame of a molding object, and an injection nozzle(15) for injecting resin into the bottom fixed mold; a fabric adsorption part(20) consisting of a plurality of air holes(21,22,23) passing through an inner upper part of the bottom fixed mold to form vacuum pressure on the surface of the mold; and an intermediate mold(30) consisting of separable sliding molds(31,32).


Enthalpy changes on mixing have been used to investigate the interactions occurring in water at 25 °C between sodium chloride and potassium chloride and the amides N-methylformamide N, N-dimethylformamide, acetamide, N-methylacetamide and N-acetylglycinamide. The results obtained, along with some others obtained from literature sources, have been addressed using a group-additivity approach to salt–solute interactions. It is found that both salts interact with apolar moieties to the same extent, but potassium chloride interacts more favourably with amide groups than does sodium chloride. As in an earlier study on urea–amide interactions it was found that the interactions of tertiary amide groups with the solutes are more favourable than interactions of both primary and secondary amide groups.


Bullying and being a victim of bullying have serious consequences for adolescents. Why do adolescents bully others and why do some become victims, could it be because of their personalities or mayb ...


Laser flash photolysis (308 nm) of endo-7-chlorodibenzo[a,c]bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane produces phenanthrene and chlorocarbene, which can be trapped with pyridine to form an ylide. The ylide absorbs strongly at 374 nm, and its lifetime is many tens of microseconds. It was not possible to resolve the grow of the ylide due to the rapid reaction of chlorocarbene with solvent. It was possible, however, to deduce the lifetimes of chlorocarbene in various solvents by measuring the yield of ylide as a function of [pyridine] and assuming that the absolute rate constant of reaction of chlorocarbene is the average of those of dichlorocarbene and alkylchlorocarbenes, which have been previously reported. Absolute rate constants for the reaction of chlorocarbene with alkenes were then deduced by the Stern−Volmer method, and the relative reactivity of chlorocarbene toward alkenes was found to be in good agreement with the relative reactivities of the lithium−chlorocarbene complex or carbenoid determined by analysis of produ...


Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic infection — and a leading cause of death — in HIV-infected individuals. Drug–drug


Parents have a significant role to play for the child's chances for success in school. The following discussion will address six suggestions for parents on how they might improve the performance of both the student and the teacher in the classroom.


Background There is a wide perception of physicians as having minimal financial literacy, and this assumption is perpetuated through the community as the "Dumb Doctor" persona relating to financial management. This study examined medical student and resident financial behaviors and assessed their level of financial literacy using previously validated questions within the survey tool. Methods Two surveys were distributed to medical students and residents, 1 survey each, who are part of a single medical education system. After the initial email request, 2 additional email requests were sent at 2 and 6 weeks. Using the validated questions, "The Big 3" and "The Big 5," the level of financial literacy was assessed. Results Of the 461 possible respondents, 261 trainees responded with 65 residents and 196 medical students, for a response rate of 57%. Financial literacy was demonstrated to be higher than the average adult with 60% answering all 3 of "Big 3" correctly, compared to national average of 30%. Investment-based questions were the most difficult with 16% correct for bond price activity and 70% for stock risk. There is high level of interest with 93% open to education on financial topics. Conclusion This study showed that this cohort of medical trainees demonstrated better financial habits and a very high level of financial literacy compared to the general population. There are areas surrounding investment principles that provide an opportunity to improve their financial literacy and would likely be well received based on the high level of interest for more education.


Abstract. In the era of dynamically changing environments, globalization and increasing legislation companies need to re-visit their strategy on a continuous basis. Consequently this requires the redesign of the organization, processes, and systems, all of which are often executed through (large) projects. With increasing demands from management on the internal audit profession, the question is raised of how the auditor's role can be redefined, as it shifts from the more traditional assurance role to being involved as a proactive partner in projects, without losing its independent position. Potentially the advisory and participative roles might conflict with the assurance role of the auditor. However, if for this reason the auditor's role is restricted to the compliance aspect only, the added value of the auditor may be substantially reduced. This article is based on research aiming to provide a practical relevance to audit profession and industry. It describes the different types of roles that can be fulfilled by the auditor, taking into consideration the shift from the traditional assurance role toward more proactive roles in projects: advisory and participative roles without jeopardizing the auditor's position.


Although technology education in the United States may be regarded as having been founded in the early twentieth century as industrial arts, the historical roots of the field have been traced back much further. At the same time, it seems clear that the founding of industrial arts in the US was less an extension of any one of those roots than it was a philosophical convergence of them. Perhaps the two educators who had the greatest influence on the genesis of what is now known as technology education were Lois Coffey Mossman (18771944) and Frederick Gordon Bonser (1875-1931), faculty members at Teachers College, Columbia University. This paper will argue that histories of the field have incorrectly overemphasized Bonser and ignored Mossman. The historical record strongly suggests that the contributions of Mossman and Bonser to the field of technology education should be viewed as collaborative. Bonser has not been treated biographically in nearly a quarter-century; Mossman apparently never has been. This paper will attempt to provide brief, parallel biographies of Bonser and Mossman, at once synthesizing published and unpublished information about them and opening dialogue about conflicting source information. This information is related to the degree to which Bonser and Mossman influenced the "social-industrial theory" of industrial arts, relative to the contributions of Russell, and to the nature of Mossman's contribution to the founding of industrial arts.


The aim of this thesis is to design a one-purpose machine for grinding concrete lightpermeable bricks LiCrete. The bricks LiCrete are a new interior design component. The final step of manufacturing is wet grinding with high quality and accuracy. At the same time it is grinded the concrete and light-permeable parts made by polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). It is important to keep size and quality appearance of the bricks. The research part contains description of the problems related to the grinding of the bricks LiCrete. The next part is about conceptual variants of the solution. The construction contains the complex solution of one-purpose machine with technical drawings. The last part include a conceptual design of continuous highproductive machine for grinding LiCrete bricks.


This study assesses the validity of the stereotype (which this author does not endorse) of the Islamic militant using data from the Minorities at Risk dataset as well as additional data on religion. The results show that there is insufficient evidence to support the stereotype of the Islamic militant. However, religion tends to be a more important factor in conflicts involving Islamic ethnoreligious groups. Also, Islamic majority groups control governments which are disproportionally autocratic. The latter difference provides a partial but by no means total explanation for the first difference.


Key topics in second language acquisition, written by Vivian Cook and David Singleton, was published on May, 2014. The book, according to the authors, is an introduction to SLA research and requires no previous knowledge of the area, and it is aimed at university students who are in the beginning of their language acquisition studies and/or people who just have a general interest in the topic.


Th e incidence of poxvirosis, a zoonosis caused by viruses of the family Poxviridae, has increased over the past two
decades in Brazil. Th e important features of the Orthopoxvirus infection include rapid spread, occurrence restricted
to lactating cows, lack of hygiene, person-to-person spread, and occurrence at properties where milking is conducted.
We detected the presence of vaccinia virus antibodies, specifi cally for Cantagalo virus, in samples from two distinct
populations from the state of Rio de Janeiro: (i) healthy professionals who live in the State of Rio de Janeiro and handle
animals and (ii) in patients with cutaneous lesions compatible with poxvirosis. Th e plaque reduction neutralisation
test (PRNT) was used. Of the 136 samples from the group of healthy professionals, 12 displayed seroreactivity with
titres lower than or equal to 1/10. Anti-poxvirus antibodies were detected in 68.3% of samples of patients suspected to
be infected with poxvirus (28/41). Th erefore, the plaque reduction neutralisation test constitutes a sensitive assay that
can be more commonly used for diagnosis. Furthermore, professionals who handle animals should be included as an
occupational risk group in areas with confi rmed human poxvirus cases.


Ox November 22, 1932, soundings were made at Tell el-Hanmmeh on behalf of the American School of Oriental Research, Jerusalem, by Professor Clarence S. Fisher and the writer, with the assistance of Mr. A. Henry Detweiler, who has drawn the plans and the sherds. El-HIammeh is situated on the north bank of the Yarmfik River,' at the point where the frontiers of Palestine, Syria and Transjordan converge.' At el-Hammeh was located the Roman town of Hammat Gader, the Hot Springs of Gadara (Umm Qeis).' Roman, Byzantine and early Arab sherds were found on all the slopes and the top surface of the mound, and a large number of Early Bronze sherds were found on its northeastern slope, most of them in a definitelv restricted area. Five pits were sunk down to the natural soil of the mound in what seemed to be the most promising places for trial excavations. In a large pit dug previously by someone down to the natural soil, less than half a metre below the surface on the western edge of the top of the mound, there were a number of Byzantine sherds. The first sounding 4 was made a few metres from the ancient synagogue, which had been exposed a few weeks before by E. L. Sukenik of the Hebrew University.5 Along the northern side of the pit there was exposed the inner face of a long wall. It was well built of large uncut boulders, which had probably been taken from the Yarmik river-bed at the foot of the southern side of the mound. The wall extended downward .75 metre, and rested on a layer of gray earth mixed with ash, which seems to have been used as a fill. There was otherwise no trace of a general burning. A reused door-jamb was found beneath the surface of the ground, which was unrelated to anything else in area 1.6 It was similar to a door-jamb in place at the southeast door of the synagogue. At right angles to this north wall and bonded into it, was a wellbuilt wall of large boulders, which extended across the pit, and rested on a foundation of three rows of smaller stones.' This foundation jutted out slightly on the eastern side, and probably marked where the floor level had been. Next to the wall foundation was a pebble fill, indicating where space had been left when the original trench for the foundation of the wall had been dug to enable the laying of the foundation. The foundation stones rested on earth, and .125 metre lower down there was a plastered floor laid on small stones. Below this floor level a piece of a Byzantine marble altar-screen was found, as well as several small worn sherds. All the sherds in the pit were Byzantine or early mediaeval Arabic. Further excavation in the pit revealed a thick, undisturbed, natural layer of large and small pebbles, deposited in earliest times when swirling waters had receded and left them there. Examination of the hills on the other side of the Yarmuk revealed, at approximately


The Coca-Cola Co. is taking a more positive outlook on the year, thanks in part to some new products and one vintage drink making a comeback.


Chirality is the property of objects, including molecules, which are not superimposable on their materialized mirror image. Chiral molecules are omnipresent in living organisms and the constituents of biological macromolecules (proteins and nucleic acids) are chiral. Amino-acids (constituting proteins), ribose and 2-deoxy-ribose (the only chiral constituent of RNA and DNA nucleotides respectively) are furthermore generally present in living organisms only under one of their enantiomeric forms. This is referred to as the homochirality of the living world. The origin of this homochirality is still unexplained, even if many partial scenarios have been proposed in the literature. All scenarios involve the creation of a small enantiomeric excess for certain molecules, amplification of this excess and chirality transfer to other chiral molecules. The origin of homochirality on Earth is closely related to the origin of life, and is currently supposed to have preceded life. As no-one will ever be able to directly observe the phenomena which lead to homochirality, and life, on our planet, the only scientific approach to try and help explain how this occurred is to build scenarios, and test them taking into account all available information on the physical and chemical conditions on the primitive Earth (Earth before life appeared). In our work, we investigated three scenarios related to the origin of homochirality on Earth. One of these scenarios also relates to a very precise step of the origin of life: the selection of beta-d-ribofuranose as component of RNA nucleotides.Enantiomeric excesses (up to 15 %) of alpha-methylated alpha-amino-acids have been detected in meteorites which fell on Earth during the 20th century. No enantiomeric excess is detected for the corresponding alpha-hydroxy-acids in the same meteoritic samples and small (2% at most) or no enantiomeric excesses have been measured for non-methylated alpha-amino-acids. In the first part of our work, we investigated if photolysis by circularly polarized light (CPL) in space could be at the origin of the presence (or absence) of an enantiomeric excess for these compounds. Experiments to reproduce UV-CPL photolysis are difficult to undertake: they require high-energy circularly polarized photons, hence the use of a synchrotron. In our work, we used quantum mechanical calculations to obtain the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra of two -methylated -amino-acids, their corresponding alpha-hydroxy-acids and one non-methylated alpha-amino-acid. Differences are observed between these spectra, and we propose a scenario to explain the experimental measurements reported here above: the enantioselective photolysis, in the gas phase at low temperatures (20K at most), of the alpha-amino-acids by UV-CPL with lambda>210 nm. Under these conditions no photolysis of the alpha-hydroxy-acids would occur. This scenario concerns the first step in the origin of homochirality on Earth: the creation of a small enantiomeric excess for some chiral molecules.The second scenario that we investigated relates to the enantiomeric amplification step of the origin of homochirality on Earth, for which the role of the alpha-amino-acid serine has been suggested in the literature. Serine clusters have been observed in the gas phase by mass spectrometry. Among these clusters the octamer has been shown to be a magic number cluster and to have a preference for homochirality. An enantiomeric amplification via cycles of formation and dissociation of the octamer has been suggested. No complete scenario has however been proposed in the literature to explain how this could have occurred on the primitive Earth, but any scenario would most probably include an aqueous phase. We aimed at determining if the homochiral preference of serine octamers also exists in solution and therefore we first investigated if serine octamers exist in solution. For this study, we used nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopies, which are well-adapted to the study of molecular assemblies in solution. We were able to demonstrate that most probably serine clusters are not present in solution, and if they are it could only be in extremely low concentration. The scenario suggested in the literature is discussed in the light of our results and of literature data on serine clusters.As last hypothesis, we investigated a possible scenario for the selection of beta-d-ribofuranose as component of RNA nucleotides. The currently known prebiotic synthesis pathways to ribose also lead to the formation of many other carbohydrates, and ribose is only a minor product of these syntheses. Our hypothesis is that beta-d-ribofuranose could have been selected through favorable interactions with alpha-amino-acids already present on the primitive Earth under one enantiomeric form. Indeed, it is plausible that a peptidic world emerged before the presence of RNA and that homochiral alpha-amino-acids were present on Earth when RNA was synthesized. Under this hypothesis, we investigated the role that alpha-l-amino-acids could have played in the selection of alpha-d-ribofuranose as component of RNA nucleotides. This work is related to the last step of the origin of homochirality: chirality transfer. Our scenario was investigated via nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the interaction between alpha-amino-acids and carbohydrates. We were able to show that, in the systems that we studied, when an interaction occurs it is very weak (affinity constant less than 1M−1) and non enantioselective. Our results most probably discard the role that alpha-amino-acids alone could have played in the selection of beta-d-ribofuranose as component of RNA nucleotides, but does not discard the role that peptides could have played in this selection.


3 Abstract: A 9- year -old, 7kg emasculated male white Spitz dog was referred to small animal hospital of the Tehran Veterinary College for evaluation of a mass associated with the left anal sac. On digital rectal examination, a mass little stiff left anal sac, that was of 3.2 × 2.8 × 1/0 cm in size, approximately rigid, swelling in ventrolateral regions. Additionally, enlarged regional lymph node was noted on abdominal palpation. Abdominal ultrasound suggested this structure was iliac lymph node, ranging in size from 2.4 cm to 3.7 cm. The mass was excised and a histological diagnosis of ASAC was made. No evidence of metastasis on thoracic radiographs or abdominal ultrasound was seen. Laboratory data biochemical profile demonstrated, Azotemia and hypercalcemia that indicates an elevated total calcium of 16.3 mg/dL (reference ranges, 8.2-12.4 mg/dL or 9.3-11.4mg/dL) and hypophosphatemia (mean = 3.4 mg/dL, reference ranges: 2.5_5.6 mg/dL),also increased enzyme levels ALP, AST, ALT were present, Results indicated, following surgery, signs hypocalcemia was noted. Repeated ionized calcium mensuration confirmed hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia of malignancy panels proposed parathyroid gland suppression as the cause. Clinical signs related either to regional iliac lymph node large (tenesmus) or hypercalcemia (polyuria-polydipsia, lethargy and weakness). Cellular features were with cumulative of epithelial cells with nuclear of coarse chromatin pattern and abundant basophilic cytoplasm. Histopathology showed a well demarcated expansile neoplastic proliferation of large cuboidal or polyhedral cells forming multiple tubules and acini in a coarse desmoplastic stroma with the presence of inflammatory cells.


Introduction: Endometriosis is a common gynaecological condition occurring in 8% - 15% of reproductive age group women. It is defined as the ectopic implantation of functioning endometrium outside the uterus, the commonest site being the pelvis. Scar endometriosis is rare and difficult to diagnose as it can be confused with other surgical conditions. It occurs in 0.1% of women with an abdominal scar. Aim: The aim of this paper is to report a case of scar endometriosis, its diagnosis and its management. Case Report: A 43-year-old female patient with scar endometriosis post hysterectomy surgery; diagnosed by MRI and managed by surgical excision. Conclusion: Scar endometriosis is a challenging diagnosis that usually takes time; mainly because it is commonly confused with other conditions due to its vague presenting symptoms. It has to be kept in mind in patients post pelvic surgery. The gold standard for the diagnosis of scar endometriosis is Histopathology. MRI aids in the pre-surgical diagnosis.


The development of prostate cancer is accompanied by an increase in tissue stiffness within the gland. This is often measured clinically using a digital rectal examination (DRE) where the gland is palpated using a finger. A dynamic instrumented palpation (DIP) device (the eFinger) has been developed to instrument this process. In an initial proof-of-concept of the device, it is compared to palpation examination in the ex vivo prostate gland. Initial findings show the sensitivity of the device may exceed that of palpation examination, allowing the identification of non-palpable tumours. Introduction Changes in stiffness in the prostate gland are related to the development of disease such as prostate cancer or benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) [1]. DRE has been used to screen for prostate cancer on this basis. However, it is a subjective technique with low sensitivity. DRE also uses a static palpation to assess tissue quality, which misses many attributes of tissue that could be better examined using a dynamic approach. As a first step to improving or supplanting DRE, we have developed a DIP device [2] to assess tissue quality in the prostate ex vivo. Experimental methods Sensor/actuator. The sensor/actuator (the eFinger) is made up of layers of acrylic sandwiched together. The upper layer has a membrane made from a flexible silicone material with an embedded strain sensor (Fig 1). The membrane is dynamically inflated and deflated using a compressed air supply and the air pressure is measured using an in line pressure sensor. The membrane is placed on to the surface of the prostate and actuated. Changes in the dynamic strain behaviour of the membrane are related to the stiffness of the prostate gland at that position. Patient cohort. Patients with prostate cancer scheduled for radical prostatectomy (the complete removal of the prostate gland via minimally invasive surgery) were recruited for this study. Ethics approval was granted by the local research committee. Prostate samples. Each prostate was intact after surgical removal. Within 30 minutes of removal, the prostate was taken to the laboratory and stiffness measurement was carried out. The prostate was placed on an xyz measurement stage (Fig. 2) and a systematic array of measurements were made on the posterior surface at 5mm x and y spacings. The posterior surface was measured since it is the only one accessible in vivo through the rectal wall, and the majority of cancerous tissue is found on that side of the gland. An ex vivo palpation examination was also carried out by a urologist to identify locations where stiffer areas could be felt. The same locations were palpated digitally as were measured using the eFinger and were graded as shown in Table 1. Figure 1. An eFinger. The membrane (with embedded strain sensor) is at the far end of the device. Figure 2. An excised prostate held on the xyz measurement stage. Table 1. Ex vivo palpation gradings. Histology. Immediately post-measurement, the prostate was sent for histology examination. Whole prostate slices were made at locations corresponding to each row of measurements made using the eFinger (Fig. 3). The tissue in each slice was stained (Fig. 4) and classified using the Gleason grade [2]. Measurement method. Two measures of stiffness were used to compare eFinger measurements with palpation examination. For both measures, the membrane strain (ε) and the pressure of the air supply inflating the membrane (P [Pa]) are used. The amplitude ratio, defined as


The effect of collision retardation on hot-electron transport in a two-dimensional electron gas is examined using an ensemble Monte Carlo simulation. We find that collision retardation (i.e., a nonzero collision duration) tends to make the electrons hotter by suppressing energy-relaxing collision events. Collision retardation also increases the steady-state drift velocity and high-field mobility by suppressing momentum-relaxation events. Finally, it also increases velocity overshoot somewhat


Branding theory has been largely developed in the context of consumer products; yet, most economies are characterised by a preponderance of firms selling business-to-business or industrial products. Understanding how branding works in industrial markets is thus a priority. In this paper some of the distinguishing characteristics of industrial branding are outlined, and some guidelines as to success with industrial brands are offered.


We construct some hyperbolic hyperelliptic space forms whose fundamental groups are generated by only two or three isometries. Each occurring group is obtained from a supergroup, which is an extended Coxeter group generated by plane re ections and half-turns. Then we describe covering properties and determine the isometry groups of the constructed manifolds. Furthermore, we give an explicit construction of space form of the second smallest volume nonorientable hyperbolic 3-manifold with one cusp.


This article focuses on adjudication of Muslim family law in countries that range from the Middle East and North Africa to South-East Asia. It begins by shortly summarizing the development of shari'a in pre-modern times, up until the 19th century. We discuss the basic features of marriage among classical jurists and argue that the close connection known today between the family and Islamic law can be traced to the emergence of modern nation states and centralizing state structures. We then provide a description of important personal status reforms during the 20th and 21st centuries and consider the growing body of scholarship that engages with adjudication of Muslim family law in action and in context. Finally, we consider the contribution that the articles contained in the special double issue make to the field of research, including the questions of gender and judicial authority, religion-based judicial activism, and the courts' involvement in larger socio-political processes.


The development of spin-polarized electron sources and electron spin analyzers for free electrons has enabled various useful spectroscopic and microscopic measurements of magnetic nanostructures, thin films and surfaces. The evolution of GaAs spin-polarized electron sources has made the production of intense, highly polarized electron beams relatively easy and routine, while several spin analysis techniques have greatly simplified what was once a difficult measurement. This talk will review some of these developments and describe how they have been applied to specific measurements of nanoscale magnetic properties in various structures. In particular, recent measurements using Scanning Electron Microscopy with Polarization Analysis (SEMPA) to investigate magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic heterostructures will be described.


IRB approach is the core of New Basel Capital Accord.By introducing IRB approach and external rating,the similarities and differences between them were analyzed and suggestions on how to improve commercial banks' IRB approach were put forward.


State-of-the-art unit-selection text-to-speech systems currently produce very natural synthetic speech, at the price however of a costly and time-consuming voice creation process. We report here an extensive perceptual evaluation of several voice creation strategies, and conclude with a novel 1day process giving access to high quality TTS voices.


To improve the precision of finite element model and reduce the discrepancy between the theoretical calculation result and test result,the finite element model update technique is used to modify the original finite element model.This arithmetic took the minimization of summation of frequency discrepancy and modal shape displacement as its optimizing goal,set restrictive conditions to parameter modification and frequency change by engineering experience,and ranged model updating to restriction optimization.It was resolved by the optimized iteration of gradient decent method.Simulation proves that the model calculation result is close to the test result after updating.The proposed finite element model updating technology of parametrical bridge based on optimization design theory can be used to dynamic test model update.


The objective of this is research is to investigate the influence of leadership styles towards developing company's competitive advantages. This research is doing for some sectors of companies in Surabaya of Indonesia, i.e. manufacturing, service, retail, financial service, distributor, and property sectors. Furthermore, this research investigates the difference results of the model among those sectors. There are 82 companies as the research objects in and the unit analysis. Each company consist of five respondents, which is in totals are 410 respondents, those are managers, supervisors, and staffs. They answer the questionnaire as the tool in this research.This research finds that compares to transformational leadership style, transactional leadership style has more influence in developing the competitive advantage of companies in Surabaya. Intellectual stimulation is the characteristic of transformational leadership style that highly influencing the development of competitive advantage. While giving commends to employees that have extraordinary performance is the dominant characteristic of transactional leadership style in the research model. The ways the leadership styles use in developing their competitive advantages also different each other. Transformational leadership more focus on quality-product innovation; transactional leadership more focus on delivery dependability and time to market.


Hammer's work should prove useful to both the bibliographer and the historian. It is well organized and purports to catalog all works concerning Melanchthon except those by the Reformer himself. Thus, this volume contains a great deal of Gegenschriften and much of the so-called Flugschriften of the Reformation period. Hammer provides a detailed bibliographical description of each entry including printers' signatures and the location of extant volumes in both Europe and America. In compiling this extensive catalog, Hammer lists and freely admits his debt to a number of older, standard bibliographies. However, he doeS not include among these K. M. Kertbeny's important Ungarn betreffende deutsche Erstling's-Drucke, 1454-1600 (Budapest, 1880) which should have been of considerable value in preparing a work of this sort. One of the major problems of Melanchthon research in the past has been locating and using the available sources. The appearance of Melanchthons Werke in Auswahl under the editorship of Robert Stupperich (beginning with volume 1 in 1951) has begun to fill the need for a more complete and reliable edition of the German Reformer's writings. The publication of a more critical and comprehensive corpus of Melanchthon's correspondence has been planned. Perhaps this volume of Hammer's bibliography citing and locating the early secondary literature concerning Melanchthon also will contribute to the foundation for what hopefully one day will become the definitive biography of this important sixteenth-century German leader. KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Robert D. Linder


OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of Piperacillin/Tazobactam versus Ciprofloxacin plus Metronidazole for complicated intraabdominal infection. METHODS: 192 patients whose bacterial culture test on intraoperative-resected samples indicated growth of at least one pathogen were treated with Piperacillin/Tazobactam versus Ciprofloxacin plus Metronidazole for complicated intraabdominal infection. The drug resistance of the pathogens isolated form intraoperative-resected samples and the parameters including the clinical effective rate etc were compared between the two groups excluding the resistant cases. RESULTS: 85 case received Piperacillin/Tazobactam versus 107 cases received Ciprofloxacin plus Metronidazole,and the resistance rates of the pathogens isolated from the intraoperative-resected samples were 5.9% (5/85) and 21.5% (23/107),respectively. The clinical effective rates in the two groups excluding the resistant cases were 92.5% (74/80) and 77.4%(65/84),respectively,showing significant difference (P0.05). CONCLUSION: Whether being used as empiric drug or confirmed drug for complicated intraabdominal infection,the efficacy of Piperacillin/Tazobactam is significantly superior to Ciprofloxacin plus Metronidazole,thus Piperacillin/Tazobactam should be used as the first line therapy for complicated intraabdominal infection.


This paper presents pilot work integrating machine labeling and active learning with human annotation of data for the language documentation task of creating interlinearized gloss text (IGT) for the Mayan language Uspanteko. The practical goal is to produce a totally annotated corpus that is as accurate as possible given limited time for manual annotation. We describe ongoing pilot studies which examine the influence of three main factors on reducing the time spent to annotate IGT: suggestions from a machine labeler, sample selection methods, and annotator expertise.


The invention discloses a duplex stainless steel with pitting corrosion resistance and favourable cold temperature flexibility and a manufacturing method thereof. The duplex stainless steel comprisesthe following components in mass percentage: 0.01-0.10% of C, 0.2-1.0% of Si, more than 0% and less than 1.5% of Mn, 20.0-22.0% of Cr, 1.8-4.0% of Ni, 0.08-0.2% of N, more than 0% and less than 0.5% of Mo, less than or equal to 1.0% of one or more than one of W and Cu and the balance Fe and inevitable impurities. The invention controls Mn content below 1.5% until zero and simultaneously adjusts the content of elements of N, Ni and the like to ensure that steel has high strength, favourable corrosion resistance and favourable impact toughness at room temperature and low temperature when steel contains no or small amount of noble element Mo; meanwhile, the duplex stainless steel has low cost and small hot working difficulty, can be largely applied in the fields of buildings along the coast,petrochemical industry and the like and can replace 304 austenitic stainless steel of which the nickel content is above 8% at room temperature and lower temperature.


For the peculiarity of causing the instability and poor performance by time - delay in control system, the problems of robust stability, robust stabilization and robust H∞ control are studied for T - S fuzzy descriptor system with time - delay in this paper. The regularity, impulse - free and asymptotic stability for the system are defined respectively. According to the theory of Lyapunov, the sufficient conditions, which maintain the stability of the closed - loop system and satisfy the H∞- performance, are proved. These conditions are expressed via linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). So the feedback gain matrix can be obtained easily by solving the LMIs. The effectiveness and feasibility are verified by an example.


Ethnicity is an important demographic attribute of human beings, and automatic face-based classification of ethnicity has promising applications in various fields. In this paper, we explore the ethnicity discriminability of both 2D and 3D face features, and propose an MM-LBP (Multi-scale Multi-ratio LBP) method, which is a multimodal method for ethnicity classification. LBP (Local Binary Pattern) histograms are extracted from multi-scale, multi-ratio rectangular regions over both texture and range images, and Adaboost is utilized to construct a strong classifier from a large amount of weak classifiers built by the extracted LBP histograms. Decision level fusion is performed to get the final decision. Experiments performed on FRGC v2.0 database indicate that the fusion of 2D and 3D face features significantly improves the classification accuracy, and the proposed MM-LBP method has consistent higher performance for ethnicity classification than traditional methods. Above 99.5% classification accuracy was obtained on the FRGC v2.0 database.


A common perception of philosophy is that, at best, it is vague, waffly and other-worldly, with little if any relationship to the real world. Computing, on the other hand, is seen as precise, rigorous and particularly useful. Thus, when mentioning that a conference on computing and philosophy was being planned, a not uncommon reaction was one of surprise, amusement or puzzlement. How is it possible to combine something often thought to be so vague and useless with something so precise and useful? The answer of course is that philosophers and computer scientists are often interested in similar problems, for example the nature of thinking and computation, and philosophy at least in the analytic tradition, is based just as much on logic as is computer science. And in addition, many philosophers are interested in how computers can assist in both the teaching of philosophy, and in their research. Philosophy has, as it is often said, taken a computational turn.


Leaf dises of Xanthium pensylvanicum floated on 0.01 M sucrose solutions inside Petri dishes incubated in a growth chamber at 22°G with illiumination of 3000 lux for 16 to 24 hours of light lost 90% of their chlorophyll. Similar dises floated on water under the same conditions lost 60% of their chlorophyll by the end of one week. chlorophyll degradation calculated as percent of the optical density of the original chlorophyll content accelerated with time. A minimum light intensity of 2000 lux is required for such degradation. Higher intensities accelerated chlorophyll degradation. Glucose, ribose, and xylose have effects similar to sucrose on chlorophyll destruction in the presence of light. chlorophyll degradation was found to be temperature sensitive. There is no difference in chlorophyll content in the presence or absence of sucrose at 10 °C.


Abstract Due to improper agricultural and soil management, there has been a drop in crop yield over the last few years and food security has become a major issue. For a country like India, with a huge population to cater, the problem becomes more serious. Since the inception of remote sensing in scientific agriculture management, optical remote sensing along with field data has been used for soil health monitoring and mapping. SAR or microwave remote sensing has an all-weather and high temporal data availability which has found applications for various domains. For soil health studies of multiple soil classes and sub-classes of same type, both aerial and spaceborne SAR remote sensing is currently in use for a multitude of monitoring and parameter modelling approaches. This study utilizes Sentinel 1 A, C-band SAR remote sensing data with VV and VH polarization channels for surface soil moisture estimation for alluvial soil and its sub-types in Rupnagar of Punjab state in India. While Index based OLS Regression method for soil moisture estimation was done using backscatter from Sentinel-1A SAR data, it was validated using Normalized Differential Moisture Index (NDMI) generated from Sentinel 2 optical datasets. This approach though did not consider the actual soil moisture data from field yet gave a low Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.5 and R2-statistics of 0.72 (72%) in training and testing phases. The Index based OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) Regression method for soil moisture estimation aims to establish a technique for cases when field data is either not available or the study area is not easily accessible. In the statistical approach with field data, the same OLS model, when replaced by on-field surface soil moisture data gave a RMSE of 1.9 and R2-statistics of 0.968 and 0.948 in training and testing phases respectively at 97.5% confidence level. The study is significant for using freely available optical and SAR remote sensing data parameters synergistically, in a simplified manner for surface soil moisture estimation. The results have comparable accuracies given by studies using commercial data and complex modelling approaches.


A transistor according to the present invention includes a gate electrode formed on the gate dielectric layer formed on the substrate. The pair of source / drain regions are formed in the substrate of the lateral side walls on both sides of the gate electrode. The gate electrode includes a pair side wall portion and the source region, comprises a central portion formed on the gate dielectric layer on the substrate region between the drain region is the central part of which overlaps with a portion of the source / drain region has a first work function, a pair of side wall portions has a second work function, the second work function is different from the first work function 1.


Study goal: Palliative care is an essential part of a complex approach to patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study aimed to describe palliative care practice in ICU in the Czech Republic. Study type: a cross-sectional, questionnaire study Material and methods: The inclusion criteria for study participation were nurses or physicians taking care of patients in the ICU for patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The participants could participate by filling out the electronic survey with 40 questions. The questionnaire was evaluated by descriptive statistical analysis. Results: 313 questionnaires were analyzed. Participants reported up to 15 different terms for end-of-life care, the most often being palliative care (75.1%, n=235). The supportive care, especially sedatives, was most frequently adjusted according to the patient's needs. On the other hand, as a standard approach, the parenteral (35.8%, n=112) and enteral (17.3%, n=54) nutrition were most often withdrawn. Regarding organ support, renal replacement therapy (69.7%, n=218) and vasopressors (60.4%, n=189) were often withdrawn. The most rarely withdrawn organ support was artificial ventilation (24.6%, n=77), endotracheal intubation (11.5%,n=36), and tracheostomy cannula (2.9%, n=9). The majority of respondents would appreciate further education in palliative care. Conclusion: Palliative care is an essential theme not only in the COVID-19 pandemic. The palliative care terminology and practice used in the Czech Republic are heterogeneous. There is a space for further research and education in palliative care.


Who are the precursors of digital journalism research in Brazil? How many theses and dissertations have already been presented on this topic? What is the profi le of these publications? These are some of the questions that we intend to answer in this article which proposes to outline a preliminary survey of the studies carried out during the fi rst decade of the development of this journalistic specialty in the country. Our assumption is that there are four research clusters located in the Northeastern, Central-Western, Southeastern and Southern Regions of the country.


Anti-crease finish is carried out on cotton fabric with citric acid,tartaric acid and chitosan,factors exerting influence on finishing results are discussed,such as citric acid,tartaric acid,chitosan,sodium phosphate.The dyeing performance of finished cotton is also discussed.


Relevance. The issues of decreasing the share of water in the volume of output are currently extremely urgent and can be solved everywhere. Production of hydrocarbons that lie in a complex and heterogeneous reservoir, using high-performance technologies can lead to complications, including those associated with increased water cut and impossibility of its subsequent reduction. The reason for this problem is often insufficient understanding of geological structure of the deposit. The main aim of the study is to justify the causes of high water cut values of well production after hydraulic fracturing on the example of the Vatyeganskoye oil field, taking into account the effect of formation anisotropy on watercut values in conditions of different locations of producing and injection wells. Methods: geological and field analysis of the development of operational facility; analysis, comparison and interpretation of the results of geophysical methods of well research; methods of lithologic-facies analysis; methods of statistical processing of geological-field and geological-geophysical data. Results. The authors have determined the characteristic of a reservoir section at which high values of water proportion in the «starting» well flow rates are observed after hydraulic fracturing of formation. Three main types of the JV 1 section of the Vatiegan oil field are identified. In the case of hydrodynamically connected reservoir, the priority is the intensification of the inflow from the roofing part (reper-foration), with involvement of water-saturated intervals in the «two-layer» type of the reservoir structure, the repair and insulation works are determinant. The least probability of watering the production of wells after fracturing was noted in the wells with an aged sandy body located in the roof of the section and clogged with a plantar part with a small fraction of the water-saturated strata.


We refer to the recent technical note by Thomas (1990) in which the variation in wedge factor with field size was discussed. The linear accelerator used to produce the results in that article was a Dynaray LA 20 (Asea-Brown Boveri), in which the motorized wedge lies between the beam monitor and the movable, secondary collimators (Fig. 1a). We suggest that this wedge factor variation with field size may not occur with all designs of linear accelerator.


PURPOSE: To facilitate the fabrication of a casing and to make it easier to clean a flat surface by designing a continuous extrusion forming the casing to receive a drive and a driving motor, and retaining the driving motor, the drive, and a pump head therein. CONSTITUTION: In this two-stage pump 1 in which the diaphragm 4a of a pump head 4 disposed on each side along the axial direction of a driving motor 2 is driven for reciprocation by a drive device 3 comprising a crank mechanism having a crank pin 3a, a pump casing 5 is formed by an extrusion 6 of an inverted U shaped cross section which extends generally throughout the length of the pump casing 5. The driving motor 2, the drive device 3, and the pump head 4 are disposed in the continuous extrusion 6, and the driving motor 2 and the pump head 4 in particular are secured to the U-shaped transverse web 4 of the continuous extrusion 6. The outer surface 7 of the U leg 8 of the extrusion 6 is generally flattened to enable the casing 5 to be cleaned easily.


The goal of this work is the application of the f-stress energy of differ-ential forms to study the generalized monotonicity formulae and generalizedvanishing theorems. We obtain some generalized monotonicity formulas forp-formsω∈Ap(ξ), which satisfy the generalizedf-conservation laws, withf∈C∞(M×R) satisfying some conditions


INTRODUCTION widespread use of prophylactic measures in surgery 5 Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition which would save $60 per operated patient . For all these presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to all reasons the prevention of deep vein thrombosis is of clinicians directly involved in patient care. The spectrum paramount importance. of acute disease ranges from asymptomatic thrombosis (typically affecting distal, calf veins) discovered In Asia, thromboprophylaxis is not routine, even in incidentally at autopsy or during screening procedures, situation considered high risk in Western countries, the 6-10 through to the classic swollen, red, painful leg, to the incidence of VTE is generally thought to be low . potentially fatal complication of pulmonary embolism However, several studies have recently challenged this 1 11,12 12 (PE) . Subsequently, these two entities, DVT and PE, view . The SMART study (SMART: Surgical should be considered part of the same disease, called Multinational Asian Registry in Thrombosis study) 2 venous thromboembolism (VTE) . concludes that the incidence of symptomatic DVT is not low in Asian patients rather consistent with the rates In hospitalized patients, VTE occurs with relatively high observed in Western countries and the use of 3 frequency . A patient's risk of VTE varies depending on thromboprophylaxis should be considered in Asian multiple factors including age, medical condition, type of patients undergoing high risk surgical procedures. surgery, duration of immobilization, and the presence of an underlying hypercoagulable state such as In Pakistan, the incidence of VTE is generally unknown malignancy. particularly in absence of any published epidemiological data, owing to often clinical silent nature of DVT. The Measures to prevent VTE have been widely studied in clinical signs and symptoms of VTE are non-specific and European countries for many reasons, including VTE's screening tests are not always sensitive enough to detect high incidence, its associated mortality and morbidity, its the disease in asymptomatic patients. But the relative cost of treatment, and its treatment-related high prevalence of the disease in certain clinical 4 circumstances and its potentially harmful consequences complications . As always prevention is better than cure, cannot be denied. There is no routine use of and apart from the obvious benefit to patients, chemoprophylaxis for even high risk patients in the prophylactic measures against DVT are cost effective 13 through reduction in fatal complications and treatment country under present set up . While some centres in requirements. It has been estimated in the USA that Pakistan do exercise routine prophylactic practices, ORIGINAL PROF-1723 DVT PROPHYLAXIS ROLE OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN.


The objective of this research is to analyse the influence of profitability, liquidity, leverage, growth, and stock price on dividend policy. The indicators used in this study consisted of return on assets (ROA), current ratio (CR), debt to total assets ratio (DAR), sales growth (SG), closing price, and dividend payout ratio (DPR). Sample of this research included 34 manufacturing companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) were observed for three years, 2015 until 2017. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression model. Test simultaneously shows that profitability, liquidity, leverage, growth, and stock price affect dividend policy. Partial test shows that profitability and stock price positively affect dividend policy while liquidity, leverage, and growth do not affect dividend policy


This paper describes a method, called CONDIF, which retains the essential nature of the central difference scheme (CDS) but eliminates the over- and under-shoots. It modifies the CDS by introducing a controlled amount of numerical diffusion based on local gradients. The results obtained for a number of test problems show that the CONDIF is significantly more accurate than the hybrid scheme when the Peclet number is very high and the flow is at large angles to the grid. In the worst case, it yields results similar to those of the hybrid scheme. Though the CONDIF is unconditionally stable, under some conditions the rate of convergence deteriorates as the grid Peclet number is increased. Efforts are currently underway to develop a faster converging variation of CONDIF.


This study was focused on looking for potential replacement of parts made from aluminum alloys that are commonly used in the aeronautics industry. A part of a UH-60 helicopter, called support foot was analyzed, which is used in aircraft maintenance operations. For this part that originally is made of 2024-T3 aluminum, here is considered use to AZ31 magnesium alloy as possible substitute material for its manufacture, seeking Cite this article as: S.Bedoya, A.S. Restrepo, P. Fernández-Morales, E. Mendoza "Comparison by computational modeling of mechanical performance of aeronautical parts made of magnesium and aluminum alloys", Prospectiva, Vol 15, N° 2, 26-32, 2017. Recibido 31/01/2017 Aceptado 2/06/2017 Comparación por modelamiento computacional del desempeño mecánico de piezas aeronáuticas fabricadas en aleaciones de magnesio y de aluminio Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15665/rp.v15i2.846


The heat dissipation due to the resonant precessional motion of the magnetization in a ferromagnetic metal has been investigated. We demonstrated that the temperature during the ferromagnetic resonance can be simply detected by the electrical resistance measurement of the Cu strip line in contact with the ferromagnetic metal. The temperature change of the Cu strip due to the ferromagnetic resonance was found to exceed 10 K, which significantly affects the spin-current transport. The influence of the thermal conductivity of the substrate on the heating was also investigated.


The high rates of sexual violence in sub-Saharan Africa may help explain the disproportionate rates of infection among young women as compared to men and also offer a new conceptual framework for understanding HIV transmission. Sexual violence is vastly underrepresented as an HIV risk and transmission factor both within and outside of conflict situations. Sexual violence and coercion may increase susceptibility to HIV insofar as non-consensual sex is associated with increased genital trauma and coital injuries the likelihood of anal penetration the vulnerability of adolescent girls and the age difference between partners. Heightened risk may also be associated with the probable infectiousness of the perpetrator the incidence and prevalence of sexual violence including of mass rape and the likelihood of ulcerative sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV. It may only require a small internal or external genital injury to provide the virus access to susceptible cells. (excerpt)


This thesis describes sixteenth-century language, based on a corpus of French texts, from an adverbial perspective.The establishment of a textual corpus organized in sentences, according to syntax and to punctuation required interrogating the sentence, the punctuation and the history of the texts. The question of the adverbs was chosen as the criteria for a semantic, morphologic, and syntactic perspective. A survey of adverbial occurrences led to the hypothesis that adverbality, in the sentence, during the sixteenth century, could function, sometimes simultaneously, on different levels of syntactic hierarchy, levels that likewise present possibilities for adverbality, which was confirmed by a process of circumscription of an adverbial territory within the sentence. The adverbial occurrences taken from the corpus showed quite variable morphology. These many possibilities gave rise to a first stage of questioning that arose from the question of where in the syntactical hierarchy these occurrences were found. Although the reasons underpinning this analysis seemed dependent upon each adverbial occurrence, they proved in fact to be equally and logically present from one occurrence to another and from one morphology to another. This led us to think that a common denominator might be necessary for the entirety of adverbial occurrences. We propose a reconceptualization of these perspectives as logically connected, however disparate the results are as they appear in the language of the sixteenth-century. This leaves us with a reason to continue searching for a common denominator for the adverb and to conceive a logical union that constructs a total entity of adverbial occurrences.


An experimental study has been performed on neutron penetration in a two-dimensional heterogeneous structure consisting of graphite and aluminum. The results provide a basis for verification of the accuracy of two-dimensional shielding calculation codes. The experiments were performed at JRR-4 of JAERI and included measurements of the thermal neutron flux for five different arrangements of graphite and aluminum. Calculations were performed with a conventional procedure using the two-dimensional removal diffusion code, TRD-1. The calculated thermal neutron flux of TRD-1 agrees with the measured value within about 25%.


In a first step, we present the low frequency vibratory analysis of fluid–structure interactions in an elastic tank partially filled with an incompressible inviscid liquid. The originality of this work is to give an exact expression of the gravity interface operator whereas other standard hydroel astic formulations treat this effect through approximations. The properties of this so-called elastogravity operator is studied from theoretical and numerical point of view. The computational model quantifies the effect of coupling between the liquid sloshing and the hydroelastic deformations of the structure. In a second step, various variational formulations for the linear vibrations of bounded fluid–structure systems, taking into account possible gravity/acoustic interactions are investigated and discussed. The system consists of a tank pa rtially filled with an inviscid liquid. Two situations corresponding to the cases of a homogeneous and a nonhomogeneous liquid are considered. In this respect, the basic equations describing the interactions between acoustic and gravity waves are derived and appropriate variational formulations are constructed. In a third step, we investigate and discuss, from theoretical point of view, various reduced order variational formulations for modal analysis of linear vibrations of bounded fluid–structure systems with free su rface, taking into account pos sible gravity/compressibility interactions, in a non-homogeneous fluid situation. Those formulations are based on component mode synthesis techniques and various modal reduction schemes are then obtained.


The note describes the relationship between organizational alignment and performance in professional service firms and how to use McKinsey 7S Alignment to diagnose a firm's or practice's alignment, identify misalignments and how to bring about the changes needed to re-align.


This article tries to construct " A History of Japanese calligraphic theories. " When observed from the perspective of the history of calligraphic theories, calligraphic theories in Japan have three distinctive periods: " budding of calligraphic theories " in the early Heian period, " establishment of the theory of Jubokudo " from the late Heian to the Nanbokucho periods, and " prosperity of the theory of Karayo " in the Edo period. In the process of writing the article titled " An Introduction to the History of Japanese Calligraphic Theories " based on these three periods, the following three themes were identified:


The generation method and basic physical characteristics of gliding arc discharge were introduced.The design principle,advantages and disadvantages of the current gliding arc discharge reactors were analyzed in detail.Additionally,the applications of this technology in environmental pollution control aspects such as the treatment of waste gas,liquid and fly ash as well as energy conversion process including syngas and hydrogen production were reviewed.All these research indicated that gliding arc discharge,a recent developed non-thermal plasma,is regarding as a promising technology for environmental and energy conversion applications.


The theories that combine two different approaches in dealing with
 interacting objects, for instance, treating electromagnetic laser field
 classically, and the interacting atom as a quantum object, have some
 ambiguities and, as such, they should be labeled as "mixed". From the
 Noether's Theorem Corollary, which we proved earlier, about the conservation
 laws of energy, momentum and angular momentum in mixed theories, follows that
 the aforementioned theories do not support the law of angular momentum/spin
 conservation (to be precise, the obtained result does not imply that the law
 of conservation of angular momentum and spin is not valid generally, but
 rather that mixed theories can produce the results which might violate this
 law). In present paper, an additional explanation following our Corollary is
 given to why the calculation of the stopping power in the fully quantized
 theory gives better results than those that were obtained in mixed theories,
 which further confirms the predictions of our Corollary. [Projekat
 Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 171021: The experimental and
 theoretical research in radiation physics and radioecology]


Designed multitarget ligands are a popular approach to generating efficient and safe drugs, and fragment‐based strategies have been postulated as a versatile avenue to discover multitarget ligand leads. To systematically probe the potential of fragment‐based multiple ligand discovery, we have employed a large fragment library for comprehensive screening on five targets chosen from proteins for which multitarget ligands have been successfully developed previously (soluble epoxide hydrolase, leukotriene A4 hydrolase, 5‐lipoxygenase, retinoid X receptor, farnesoid X receptor). Differential scanning fluorimetry served as primary screening method before fragments hitting at least two targets were validated in orthogonal assays. Thereby, we obtained valuable fragment leads with dual‐target engagement for six out of ten target combinations. Our results demonstrate the applicability of fragment‐based approaches to identify starting points for polypharmacological compound development with certain limitations.


The force tracking control of deep-sea hydraulic manipulator systems with long transmission pipelines is disposed via fuzzy adaptive backstepping control based on an extended state observer in this paper. The pipeline model is established and then used to estimate the pressures in cylinder chambers, which are used to obtain the output force. In this process, the velocity of the piston, which is unmeasured, is needed, and an extended state observer is constructed to estimate the unmeasurable velocity signal. To cope with parameter uncertainties caused by changes in working depth, an adaptive algorithm is combined with the backstepping controller. Fuzzy logic is employed to design self-tuners that can automatically adjust the control parameters to guarantee force control performance from shallow seas to deep seas. The experimental results illustrate the success of the proposed control method. Comparative experimental results demonstrate that the extended state observer-based fuzzy adaptive backstepping controller has a relatively better tracking performance in different working conditions.


Condition assessment of insulation is widely used to identify the state of aging of power transformers. Traditionally, condition assessment is done using dielectric response measurements conducted at low frequencies. However, due to long testing time required for these methods, attention has now been paid towards measurements at microwave (above 1 GHz) frequencies. In this paper, we establish a correlation between dielectric properties and the state of aging of transformer pressboard samples. This is useful as it paves way to develop techniques to assess the state of aging by measuring dielectric properties at high frequencies. Dielectric measurements are made by using a microstrip ring resonator. The state of aging is determined by measuring the tensile index. Tests were carried out on dry and wet oil-impregnated pressboard samples thermally aged at laboratory conditions for durations up to 45 days. The results were compared with field aged samples collected from a 33 kV sealed type distribution transformer of 18 years in service. It was found that the permittivity values had a good correlation with respective tensile index values whereas loss tangent values showed limited correlation for both dry and wet samples. The results of field aged samples matched well with the established correlation curves. It can be concluded that the permittivity of pressboard samples estimated from the ring resonator can be effectively used to evaluate the state of aging of transformer insulation.


The physical and chemical properties of of soybean (Glycine max) were investigated. The soybean protein extracted from soybean meal using 0.2M NaCl solution at pH 4.5 was passed through a Sephadex G-150 column to isolate 7S globulin. -Conglycinin was isolated and purified from the 7S globulin with a DEAE Sephadex A-50 column chromatography. The protein preparation was pure on immunoelectrophoresis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel isoelectric fouling. It had an isoelectric point at pH 5.4 and contained 16.12% nitrogen, 4.18% mannose and 1.21% glucosamine. Amino acid composition, in general, shaved that contained higher contents of lysine, dicarboxylic acids and ammonia nitrogen, and lower contents of sulfur-containing amino acids and tryptophan. The subunits of were distributed in the range of pH 4.6-5.5. The subunits located in the pH region of 4.6-5.0 and 5.0-5.5 were glycopeptides (molecular weight of 38,000) and simple peptide (MW of 32,000), respectively.


Drug hypersensitivity syndrome (also known as drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) is characterised by a generalised skin eruption, fever, lymphadenopathy, eosinophilia, and visceral involvement. Sulphonamides and anticonvulsants are most often implicated as causal agents.1 2 Teicoplanin, a glycopeptide antibiotic used in the treatment of Gram positive infections, has not previously been associated with drug hypersensitivity syndrome.

A 47 year old man with previously stable psoriasis and taking acitretin was admitted with generalised pustular psoriasis, precipitated by cellulitis, which had been treated in the community with oral prednisolone and …


Objective
To investigate the risk factors for severe and mild preeclampsia (PE) in women with irregular prenatal care, and to identify practical measures to reduce the occurrence of severe PE.

Methods
A retrospective study of 222 PE patients with irregular prenatal care, who delivered in Peking University Third Hospital from January 2007 to December 2011, was performed. The risk factors for PE and the status of prenatal care were analyzed. The non-parametric test, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, trendy Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.

Results
There were 207 (93.2%) cases of severe PE and 15 (6.8%) cases of mild PE. In 207 severe PE patients, there were 95 cases (45.9%) of early-onset PE (diagnosed before 32 gestational weeks) and 112 cases (54.1%) of late-onset PE. In the 15 mild PE patients, there were two early-onset cases and 13 late-onset cases. The percentage of early-onset cases in severe PE patients was higher than that in mild PE patients [45.9% (95/207) vs 2/15, χ2=6.027, P=0.015]. After excluding 9 cases without any prenatal care, 213 PE patients were analyzed, and it was found that the proportion of severe PE diagnosed in hospitals of grade 3, 2 and 1 were significantly different [5/9, 94.2% (131/139) vs 96.9% (63/65), χ2=8.600, P=0.003]. Compared with mild PE patients, the prenatal care interval for PE diagnosis in severe PE patients was longer [M(Q), 8.0(4.0) vs 4.8(4.4) weeks, Z=2.695, P=0.007]; the frequency of prenatal care after 20 gestational weeks was less [1(1) vs 3(3) times, Z=-4.195, P=0.000]; the gestational week of PE diagnosis and referral to grade 3 hospitals were earlier [32.4(5.6) vs 35.4(4.3) weeks, Z=-3.075, P=0.002; 33.1(5.3) vs 35.4(3.9) weeks, respectively, Z=-2.608, P=0.009]; and the interval between PE diagnosis and referral was longer [0.1(0.7) vs 0.0(0.0) weeks, respectively, Z=2.904, P=0.004]. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the frequency of prenatal care after 20 gestational weeks was an independent risk factor for severe PE (OR=0.115, 95%CI: 0.046-0.285, P=0.000).

Conclusion
In women without regular prenatal care, the onset of severe PE is related to low-level prenatal hospital care, lack of prenatal care after 20 gestational weeks and longer prenatal care intervals as well as referral to grade 3 hospitals.

Key words:
Pre-eclampsia; Prenatal care


Bromus latiglumis (Scribn.) Hitchc., forma incanus (Shear), comb. nov. B. purgans incanus Shear, U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. Bull, xxiii. 41 (1900). B. incanus (Shear) Hitchc. Rhodora, viii. 212 (1906). B. altissimus, forma incanus (Shear) Wiegand, Rhodora, xxiv. 91 (1922). B. ciliatus, var. incanus (Shear) Farwell, Am. Midi. Nat. x. 204 (1927). This is certainly only a pilose-sheathed form of the ordinarily glabrous-sheathed plant. The strongly costate, prolonged and closed sheaths with chartaceous and auricled flanges are characteristic of the species and at once separate it from B. purgans L. and B. ciliatus L., both of which have V-shaped orifices to the flangeless sheaths. As Shear correctly stated in the original publication, it " is very near B. purgans latiglumis, differing from it in having the sheaths densely soft pilose-pubescent." Glabrous-sheathed and pilose-sheathed forms occur in nearly all our species of Bromus; but unless they have other characters and distinctive ranges they should not be treated as species. The name B. latiglumis (Scribn.) Hitchc. (1906) is here taken up in place of B. altissimus Pursh (1814), not Gilib. (1792). Bromus inermis Leyss., forma villosus (Mert. & Koch), comb, nov. Festuca inermis, s. villosa Mert. & Koch, Deutschi. Fl. i. 675 (1823). B. inermis, forma aristatus (Schur), comb. nov. B. inermis, var. aristatus Schur, Enum. PI. Trans. 805 (1885). Bromus mollis L., forma leiostachys (Hartm.) comb. nov. B. mollis, s. leiostachys Hartm. Handb. Skand. Fl. ed. 2: 33 (1832). This is the form of Bromus mollis with smooth spikelets, which has passed in America as B. hordeaceus L., var. leptostachys (Pers.) Beck or B. hordeaceus, f. leptostachys (Pers.) Wiegand, Rhodora, xxiv. 90 (1922). It has also been called B. mollis, f. leptostachys (Pers.) Neu man, Sv. Fl. 740 (1901). Two errors are involved in the names cited in the preceding para graph. In the first place, Holmberg, Bot. Notis. (1924) 325, shows with some conclusiveness that we have been wrong in uniting B.


Urocystis fischeri Korn. is a smut fungus that forms blisters in the leaves of several species of sedges Carex spp. Vanky (2012) gives 28 species and one hybrid as hosts. Vanky (1994) has 23 and one of these respectively in Europe (Fig. 1), but most of these are not known as hosts in the British Isles. There are fewer than 30 distinct records of U. fischeri from the British Isles according to FRDBI (www.fieldmycology.net/FRDBI), mainly from Carex flacca Schreb. (glaucous sedge), with a few records from C. panicea L. (carnation sedge) and one from C. nigra (L.) Reichard (common sedge).


A series of metal-organic framework(MOF) materials were synthesized together with the corresponding amorphous Ru-B/MOF catalysts, which were prepared by the impregnation-chemical reduction method. These materials were subsequently evaluated for the first time as catalysts for the partial hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene. The results for the initial hydrogenation rate(r0) for the different catalysts followed the trend Ru-B/MIL-53(Al)Ru-B/MIL-53(Al)-NH2Ru-B/UIO-66(Zr)Ru-B/UIO-66(Zr)-NH2Ru-B/MIL-53(Cr) Ru-B/MIL-101(Cr)Ru-B/MIL-100(Fe), whereas the initial selectivity for cyclohexene(S0) was of the order ofRu-B/MIL-53(Al)≈Ru-B/MIL-53(Cr)Ru-B/UIO-66(Zr)-NH2Ru-B/MIL-101(Cr)Ru-B/MIL-53(Al)-NH2Ru-B/UIO-66(Zr)≈Ru-B/MIL-100(Fe). The Ru-B/MIL-53(Al) catalyst exhibited the highest r0and S0values of 23 mmol·min-1·g-1and 72%, respectively. The characterization results demonstrated that the Ru-B amorphous alloy nanoparticles were highly dispersed on MIL-53(Al) with the average diameter of 3.2 nm. In contrast, the Ru-B nanoparticles on MIL-100(Fe) had an average diameter of 46.6 nm. The smaller Ru-B nanoparticles not only provided more active sites for the hydrogenation to occur, but could also be beneficial in the formation of cyclohexene. The reaction conditions were further optimized for the Ru-B/MIL-53(Al) catalyst. At 180 °C under a H2pressure of5 MPa, a cyclohexene yield of 24% was obtained, highlighting the potential of MOF materials as catalyst supports for the partial hydrogenation of benzene.


Following the operation of resection of the thyroid gland for goiter, the undesirable technical results, although of relatively minor importance, not infrequently cause no little annoyance to the patient, and distract thereby, through criticism or apprehension, many other goiter patients from surgical treatment when they are in the greatest need of it. We too often see: (1) a brawny induration beneath the flap; (2) a more or less conspicuous and tender nodule where the anterior muscles, sternohyoid and sternothyroid, were reunited after their transverse division for additional exposure; (3) an annoying adhesion between the trachea and the skin at the point of drainage, which also produces, here, a widening of the scar; and (4) an abnormal deepening of the suprasternal notch, due to a loss of thethyroid isthmus and retraction of the skin by the adhered trachea.


Environmentally focused social economy activities have been identified as archetypal examples of sustainable development: what might be called grassroots sustainability enterprises. The economic, social and environmental benefits that they can offer have been alluded to, but little empirical evaluation has been conducted examining the governing conditions under which they emerge or the impacts they engender. In response this paper investigates the experiences of one arena of grassroots sustainability enterprise in Ireland, community based recycling organizations (CBROs). The research found that the tripartite focus of CBROs on economic development, environmental enhancement and social capacity building can be problematic rather than bringing enhanced status. Building on an analysis of national planning documents it is proposed that such problems emerge as dominant governing conditions are pursuing ecological modernization and social partnership as distinct rather than integrated pathways of development. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.


This paper introduces FASD, a fault-tolerant, adaptive, scalable, and distributed search layer designed to augment existing peer-to-peer applications. The FASD layer operates as a network of identical nodes that collectively pool their storage space to cache "metadata keys" and cooperatively route queries to the nodes most likely to satisfy them. A "metadata key" is a list of weighted terms that describe the information content of a document in the underlying network. Although completely decentralized, FASD's approach is able to efficiently match the recall and precision of a centralized search engine. Simulation results indicate that latency and bandwidth consumption scale logarithmically with the size of a FASD network. Acknowledgments and Pledge First and foremost, I thank my parents whose love, dedication, and support saw me through the long and difficult journey culminating in this thesis. Thanks also to Hania for bearing with her brother as he disappeared from the face of the earth for long periods of time and to Ghada Dajani for your continuing support. To all my friends, thank you for being there and offering much needed escapes from the vortex this thesis threw me into. While on the subject of escapes and distractions, I especially thank my roommates past, present, and pseudo (Matt, John, Sam, Alex, Mike, Luke, Megan, Michele, Lisa, Noel, and Adamma) for their antics and idiosyncrasies. Professor Andrea LaPaugh deserves special recognition for her guidance and patience throughout FASD's evolution from vague idea to working simulation. I have learned a great deal from you and I sincerely appreciate the many hours you spent listening to the issues de jour. Additionally, I thank Professor Brian Kernighan for the prompt and insightful feedback that was anything but "naive" and Professor Randy Wang for his laudable efforts in improving the independent work experience. Thank you to all those in the Freenet development community whose comments and criticism helped enhance FASD. In particular, I thank Ian Clarke for inspiring this thesis and editing it with an eye for the technical nuances that only someone intimately familiar with peer-to-peer could bring to the table. I hereby declare that this thesis represents my own work in accordance with University regulations.


Fiber Bragg grating( FBG) as one of the important elements for the sensing and information transfer in the fiber smart materials or structures. A FBG should be well protected,and the sensitivity of which should be enhanced before application. In this study,FBG was effectively metallized with a nickel coating by using an electroless-electro plating method. The associated central wavelength shift and reflection spectrum change during the metallization were discussed,and the temperature sensing experiments of the metallized FBG were conducted within the temperature range of 30 ℃ ~ 80 ℃. Results show that central wavelength of the tested FBG shifted down due to the compressive stress during the nickel electroplating process,and the reduction rate decreased gradually. Moreover,when the nickel coating thickness was 1. 3 mm and 1. 0 mm,the temperature sensitivity was 19. 11 pm / ℃ and 18. 4 pm / ℃,respectively.


Abstract A small vessel being overtaken by a large one in a shallow waterway will experience, at the end of the overtaking, yaw moments turning the bow to the passing vessel. If the yaw moments exceed the maximum rudder moments, a collision may be unavoidable. The danger is especially large if the small vessel is accelerated to the speed of the large one. Such a case is investigated by means of model experiments and numerical calculations using two different Rankine source free-surface potential flow solvers.


This paper employs some results of a study of city management in Warsaw, Stockholm, and Rome by setting them in a cultural context. Contrary to the common opinion, the difficulties in effective city management in Warsaw at the end of the 1990s did no stem from its communist past, but from a veneered sedimentation of a rationalist-legalist frame of action. This contrasts sharply with a pragmatist attitude typical for the city management in Stockholm, but is similar, to a degree, to management processes in Rome. While all three cities follow the same models, the necessity of fitting them into a local frame produces quite local versions of management practices GRI report 2001:2 Isolationist automorphism Barbara Czarniawska 1 Cultural Contexts – of Organizing and of Theorizing This text contains a reflection produced in course of comparative research of city management, conducted in three European capitals – Warsaw, Stockholm, and Rome. The word "comparative" is used here in the sense popularized by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss (1967) who spoke of a "constant comparative analysis". To be able to describe anything at all, it is necessary to compare it with something else, which differs. In that sense, all social studies are comparative, or at least should be; the comparison should lead the researcher move between times between places. When the geographical distance crosses the national frontiers, however, more complications than usual are to be expected. There is, however, no good argument that it has to be so. Culture is what people at a given place and time take for granted, and the limits of a place and a time are continuous. "The Italian culture", if there is such a thing, does not begin in Bolzano, and "the Austrian culture" does not end in Innsbruck. In fact, Bolzano and Innsbruck are much more alike than Bolzano and Palermo. Thus, on the one hand, a researcher would do well avoiding stereotyping and creating "total cultures"; on the other hand, she or he would do equally well abandoning the notion of "universals", both in practice under study and in the study itself. Moving across times and places is necessary and informative; at the same time it is also problematic. The present text tries to map both similarities and differences in city management observed in the three capitals, and connect them to a context in which this management takes place. Different Fields, Different Vocabularies One of the most important elements of a time/space being mapped is the language used to describe the events and formulate interpretations. In a research project with a cross-cultural dimension, linguistic differences play a fundamental role. My 1 This is an excerpt from a study that formed a part of a larger research program, Managing the big city: A 21st century challenge to technology and administration, located at the Gothenburg Research Institute and financed by the Bank of Sweden's Tercennary Foundation. The study is documented in Czarniawska, 1999, 2000 and Czarniawska et al, n.d.The program was designed thanks to the hospitality of Bellaggio Rockefeller Foundation, while the study of Warsawa was financed by the Daimler-Benz Foundation. The author expresses her sincere gratitude to all the sponsors. Isolationist automorphism GRI report 2001:2 Barbara Czarniawska 2 ambition was therefore to find expressions that were not mechanical translations from one language to another but that occupied a similar semantic space in different language communities, expressions that are used in similar contexts and attributed a similar significance. This, however, proved quite difficult. In the field of city management, for example, there were two central groups of actors in Stockholm, like in other Swedish municipalities: politicians (politiker) and civil servants (tjänstemän). This terminology was misleading in Warsaw. For many years the word "politician" had a negative meaning equaling a "careerist". The word has now started a certain recovery, but not without a dose of difficulties. Most interlocutors prefer to use this word to mean "big politics" or, as expressed in Polish, for "politics with a capital P". City politicians are called radni (a word approximating the English term councilors). The functions of these people are perceived as societal, not political. Thus, there is "politics with a capital P", carried out by the political parties and the ruling government, "politics with a small p", or personal aspirations to power, and "the societal function" which consists of representing the city inhabitants. There is no morally neutral expression for pursuing politics inside an organization. Actions that cannot be classified as "officially political" are tinted gray by a suspicion of the personal motives and benefits involved. The word urzednik refers to nonmanagerial positions (clerk in English) or to "government employees". The managerial positions in the City Government (officials in British English, officers in American English) are called menadzerskie (a neologism), thus avoiding the unpleasant hint of bureaucracy hidden in words like administrator (administrator) or zarzadca (dated expression for administrator). In Rome, the problem consisted in the fact that there were not two but three groups, the third, hybrid group, being the most important. This group was formed first of all by assessori, i.e. aldermen (and women), but also by presidents of some municipal companies, who were either employed politicians or administrators with political functions. Although this kind of positions exists both in Stockholm and in Warsaw, they are not perceived as a group, and especially as a group of central importance. A group of lesser importance but of the same "hybrid" provenience were in Rome the members of aldermen and alderwomen's staff, who could be both "broiler politicians" or rising administrators; their future allegiance was uncertain even to them. Thus, although it is possible to find appropriate terms in all three languages and translate them all to English, it does not meant that they denote same or even GRI report 2001:2 Isolationist automorphism Barbara Czarniawska 3 similar positions. Still, it is quite usual to find linguistic differences in vocabularies of practice, especially in transcultural studies. It is somewhat less usual to speak about differences in vocabularies of theory, although I believe they are as frequent, if unacknowledged. It took me sometime to discover that my interlocutors (the practitioners) and I (the theorist) differed in the understanding of terms denoting the objects of my study. These must be therefore defined for purpose of this text. I begin with the term central to me, that is, organizing. Organizing Organizing can be defined as an ordering activity, consisting in assuring that appropriate people and objects arrive at an appropriate place at an appropriate time (Latour, 1997). It is easy to find negative examples: a King Kong dummy was to climb the Culture Palace in Warsaw, but as the result of "bad organization" it did not until 22.00, when all the young spectators already went to bed, sorely disappointed. The Warsaw newspapers reported frequently various "organizational troubles" (Czarniawska, 2000). The "Supertram" joining Casaletto with Largo Argentina was put to traffic too early, according to the Roman journalists; that was also "bad organization" (Czarniawska et al, n.d.) Neither theory nor the reflection about organizational practice devotes much attention to the complexity of organizing, giving priority to "organizations". And yet organizations can be seen as nothing more or less than societal fictions (Knorr Cetina, 1994), legal persons called to life in order to facilitate accountability, this foundation of modern society (Douglas, 1987). The fiction of organization requires supporting fictions: norms and rules – legal, economic, and technical. "Organizational structure" is such a fiction of lesser caliber, one that helps introduce accountability in society and that supports the organizing process without replacing it. Perfecting organizational structure might, but need not, influence the outcome of organizing. Structures and practices are, as Weick (1976) called it, loosely coupled. The principle of loose coupling is considered functional insofar it prevents the transfer of perturbations from one part of the net to another. Organizational structures can only help or hamper the process, but at least they can be easily changed, redesigned, constructed anew. Processes are loosely coupled to structures, and they are dynamic, complex, and often invisible, not because they are hidden but because they are taken for granted. What is, then, Isolationist automorphism GRI report 2001:2 Barbara Czarniawska 4 organizing? There are many possible ways of describing such process, none of them necessarily "truer" than other (for a classic text, see Weick, 1979). In my opinion, three aspects are especially worth pointing out: • Muddling through (Lindblom, 1979). Study of practice shows decisively that organizing is not about "reaching goals" or "putting plans in operation". Rather, it is about coping with daily problems (or managing, as the double meaning of the word in English astutely suggests). Muddling through does not preclude the activity of planning and constructing visions. It is just that the two activities are "loosely coupled", as the practice of managing Rome, performed for many centuries, showed most convincingly (Czarniawska et al, n.d.). • Framing and reframing (Goffman, 1974). Like in film and photography, what is put into a frame and what is left outside decides much of the meaning in a picture of the world thus produced. With time, a habitual framing develops, which may in the end stop providing the picture of the world needed for successful action – therefore a need for constant reframing. The activity of reframing denoted in fact the most typical aspect of managing Warsaw, and a


With the 1D simulation model of a multi-hole injector,the injection parameters at different pressure were calculated,the spray cone angle and efficient flow area at nozzle hole exit during needle opening and closing were also studied in detail.Based on the simulation results at 10 MPa,the spray formation was simulated by FIRE and validated in a constant volume bomb,furthermore,the influence of injection timing on mixture formation for a 2.0 L turbocharged gasoline director injection engine was analyzed.The result is, at full load and 5 000 r/min,the mixture would meet combustion and engine performance request preferably when injection is started at 400 ℃A.


In the zwitterionic polymer gel which has cationic and anionic groups inside, it forms a complex to producing stability by adding thermal energy. We reported the behavior induced by the ionic interaction of them and the impact that a nonionic surfactant could exert on the complex formation. We had heating experiments of the zwitterionic polymer gel in PBS with a nonionic surfactant added. We analyzed DSC and measured the diameter, stress and flexure of heated the gel. As the result, it has been demonstrated that formation of strong ionic interactions inside the gel can be achieved by heating them in a solution containing the nonionic surfactant. It has been also demonstrated that the ratio of bound water is increased within the gel, promising an enhanced strength. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009


Consumable forest assets are the important assets for the forestry management body.The accounting information disclosure of consumable forest assets has important significance to improve quality of accounting information and promote the sustainable and healthy development of capital market.Basing on discussing the related theories of accounting information disclosure,this paper emphatically analyzes the main problems existing in the information disclosure of consumable forest assets of Chinas listed companies in 2010.That is lack of the necessary tips of business risk,inadequate disclosure about the canopy density,disclosure of cost carry-over method in random,the strong subjectivity of fair value disclosure and so on.After that,this paper puts forward the corresponding perfect suggestions.That is it should strengthen the notes to accounting statements disclosure and financial situation explanation disclosure while perfecting the information disclosure in finance report of consumable forest assets.


Word-length optimisation techniques have traditionally been used to minimise the precision in a fixed hardware datapath subject to a given error tolerance. In this paper, we discuss how using word-length optimisation techniques to structure a hardware datapath can result in designs achieving the same functionality with even less silicon area. To demonstrate this, we revisit the addition reduction circuit and its use within matrix-vector multiplication. Our results show that given freedom over how to parallelise this circuit, for a fixed error and latency budget we can obtain mean silicon area savings of 58% a typical fixed-point design. We achieve this by creating a more numerically stable parallel architecture instead of replicating the initial design. Since freedom over datapath design is common for high-level synthesis tools, we hope this will inspire word-length optimisation techniques to be applied at the same time as making structural decisions within the design flow of these tools.


Cancer marker proteins have been electrophoretically concentrated and then separated in a microfluidic device. On‐chip preconcentration was achieved using an ion‐permeable membrane, consisting of acrylamide, N,N′‐methylene‐bisacrylamide and 2‐(acrylamido)‐2‐methylpropanesulfonate. This negatively charged membrane was photopolymerized in the microdevice near the injection intersection. Anionic proteins were excluded from the porous membrane based on both size and charge, which concentrated target components in the injection intersection prior to separation by microchip capillary electrophoresis (μ‐CE). Bovine serum albumin was used in the initial characterization of the system and showed a 40‐fold enrichment in the μ‐CE peak with 4 min of preconcentration. Adjustment of buffer pH enabled baseline resolution of two cancer biomarkers, α‐fetoprotein (AFP) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), while fine control over preconcentration time limited peak broadening. Our optimized preconcentration and μ‐CE approach was applied to AFP and HSP90, where enrichment factors of >10‐fold were achieved with just 1 min of preconcentration. Overall, the process was simple and rapid, providing a useful tool for improving detection in microscale systems.


The location of the Tarim craton during the assembly and breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent remains enigmatic, with some models advocating a Tarim-Australia connection and others a location at the heart of the unified Rodinia supercontinent between Australia and Laurentia. In this study, our new zircon U-Pb dating results suggest that middle Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks in the Altyn Tagh orogen of the southeastern Tarim craton were deposited between ca. 880 and 760 Ma in a rifting-related setting slightly prior to the breakup of Rodinia at ca. 750 Ma. A compilation of existing Neoproterozoic geological records also indicates that the Altyn Tagh orogen of the southeastern Tarim craton underwent collision at ca. 1.0-0.9 Ga and rifting at ca. 850-600 Ma related to the assembly and breakup of Rodinia. Furthermore, in order to establish the paleoposition of the Tarim craton with respect to Rodinia, available detrital zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes from Meso- to Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks were compiled. Comparable detrital zircon ages (at ca. 0.9, 1.3-1.1, and 1.7 Ga) and Hf isotopes indicate a close linkage among rocks of the southeastern Tarim craton, Cathaysia, and North India but exclude a northern or western Australian affinity. In addition, detrital zircons from the northern Tarim craton exhibit a prominent age peak at ca. 830 Ma with minor spectra at ca. 1.9 and 2.5 Ga but lack Mesoproterozoic ages, comparable to the northern and western Yangtze block. Together with comparable geological responses to the assembly and breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent, we offer a new perspective of the location of the Tarim craton between South China and North India in the periphery of Rodinia.