The sol−gel transition and thermosensitivity of methylated polyrotaxane (Me−PR) aqueous solutions were investigated by means of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). It is known that water-solubility of polyrotaxane (PR), consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), is very low due to stacking of neighboring α-CD molecules on a PEG chain. Methylation of the hydroxyl groups on α-CD molecules resulted in a significant improvement of water-solubility, and Me−PR exhibited a thermoreversible sol−gel transition in water depending on the degree of methylation. For low degrees of methylation (≤30%), a Me−PR solution was transparent even up to 80 °C. On the other hand, for high degrees of methylation (≥60%), it became opaque with increasing temperature and a gelation took place at high temperature. The temperature dependence of the sliding motion of α-CD molecules along the PEG chains and the mechanism of sol−gel transition are discussed on the basis of S...


In organic bulk-heterojunction solar cells, energy losses at the active layer/electrode interface are often observed. Modification of these interfaces with organic interlayers optimizes charge carr ...


China's National Bureau of Statistics releases data for China's industrial sector, fixed asset investment and real estate investment both according to the enterprise's official registration status, and according to whether the controller of the enterprise is the state. For most applications data for 'state owned and state-holding companies' based on the control concept is appropriate, as this includes coverage of SOEs' listed- and unlisted-subsidiaries. These data show that less than a third of Chinese industrial output, fixed asset investment, and less than twenty per cent of Chinese real estate investment is carried on by companies that are controlled by the state. A broader definition to cover all state ownership would include enterprises that are not 'state controlled' but nevertheless include state capital or investment from SOEs. This would capture some additional proportion of the limited liability companies, joint-ventures and shareholding corporations that are in mixed ownership.


To address the mechanical damages of limestone under the coupled mechanical(M)-hydrological(H)-chemical(C) effects, we performed uniaxial compression experiments and dissolution kinetics experiments on limestone in flowing and static solutions for different lengths of time. Through experiments, the peak strengths of the limestone under coupled MHC effects for different time lengths and the major ion concentrations in solutions were obtained. By analyzing the strength damage and chemical dissolution kinetic characteristics, we achieved the strength damage equations and chemical dissolution kinetic equations. Results show that when the solution shifted from the static state to the flowing state, and as its acidity increased, the peak strength loss of the limestone rose as well. The solution mobility had a more significant impact on the peak strength loss than the solution pH value. The limestone dissolution in flowing water was higher than in static water, indicating that solution mobility would promote the limestone dissolution. Among the contributing factors to limestone dissolution, the solution pH value showed the strongest impact, followed by the common-ion effect and then the salt effect. The research result is expected to provide a theoretical basis for maintaining the stability of rocks in geotechnical engineering practice and protection of stone cultural relics.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to highlight what self-care looks like for online graduate mental health counseling students and implications for counselor educators. Results come from a program evaluation examining self-care practices for online mental health graduate students. Furthermore, these results will guide the examination of best practices to meet student reported needs while integrating self-care into the program's mission, program objectives, and curriculum.


To the Editor.— Fluorouracil is currently used for the treatment of cancer as a rapid intravenous injection given weekly without a five-day loading dose.1Reported side effects and toxicities of this regimen of adminis-1 tration include leukopenia and thrombopenia, stomatitis, diarrhea, anorexia (particularly a distaste for certain foods such as meats), and cerebellar ataxia.2The symptom of excessive lacrimation has not, so far as we know, been previously reported. Between May 1971 and May 1972, 46 patients were treated with weekly injections of fluorouracil at the Mountain States Tumor Institute, Boise, Idaho. Sixteen of the 46 complained of eye symptoms, the most frequent of which was excessive watering or tearing, reported by 14 patients. In addition, 8 of the 14 patients with eye symptoms complained of excessive nasal discharge, seven had irritation of the eyes, five had reddening of the eyes and two each had blurring of vision,


To explore the change rule of the rural land use caused by the rural labor outflow in the new period,the rural homestead land,the arable land,and the woodland were selected as the research object that the three types were the most important roles in farmers' life,and the change was analyzed. The result showed that,the homestead land was development diversified,and we find that the living function was weakened,meanwhile the asset function has been strengthened. The use of cultivated land also showed a trend of diversification,but its safeguard function was weakened. But the utilization of woodland was gradually reduced,and the importance of the woodland was gradually weakened in farmers' life. The conclusion that the rural land use was changed because of the enormous outflow of rural labor force,and the functions of three main types land was reduced of features with other functions at the same time reinforcement. Accordingly,countermeasures to guide rural land use to the more reasonable were put forward from the angle of the farmers and social.


The rutting test and dynamic modulus test at 60 ℃ and 75 ℃ were done to study the high temperature performance of high-modulus additive modified asphalt mixture. The experimental results show that:the high temperature performance of the mixture was significantly improved after adding high-modulus additive;as the temperature rises,the high temperature performance improves a lot.It shows that at higher temperature,the ability of high- modulus mixture to resist rutting disease is stronger.


Salat is a muslim worship performed with the movement and reading. Salat types of physical activity with light intensity that can affect heart rate. Heart rate increases in physical activity according to the increase in intensity. This study aims to determine correlation of the number rakaat salat dhuha for increased heart rate. This type of research is analytic observational with a quasi experimental design. The total sample of 42 is divided into 6 treatments, each treatment contains 7 respondents. The sampling technique used a simple random sampling method. The research was conducted from November 2020 to April 2021 using respondents' observations. Data analysis used One Way Anova test and Pearson test. The results of the One Way Anova test, which is a significance value of 0.001 indicating that there is a difference in the increase in heart rate prayer intensity and the results of the Pearson test analysis, namely the value of r or the correlation coefficient of 0.637 and a significant value of=0.00 shows a strong relationship between prayer intensity and an increase in heart rate. The conclusion of this study is that the addition of rakaat salat dhuha increases the heart rateKeyword: Heart Rate, Salat Dhuha


SUMMARY A description, comparison, and short discussion of four fast slitless spectrographs for use in low-light-level research are given. The spectrographs include three catadioptric systems, the Super Schmidt meteor camera, the Baby Schmidt, and the Maksutov and one refractive optical system, the Super Farron. The Baby Schmidt and the Maksutov systems have fused-silica transmission elements. Except for the Super Schmidt camera, which utilizes a light flint mosaic prism, all systems utilize objective transmission diffraction gratings. The four systems discussed have low-light-level spectroscopic recording capability, The Super Schmidt has the largest field, 57'; the Baby Schmidt and Maksutovs have the broadest effective spectral range (3200 angstroms to 9500 angstroms); and the Super Farron features the greatest versatility and portability.


Austdalsvatn in western Norway was regulated in 1988 as a reservoir for a hydropower development. From a pre-1988 water level of 1157 m a.s.l. the new water level will vary more or less annually from 1170 to 1200 m a.s.l. The outlet glacier Austdalsbreen calves into this reservoir. About 1600 m up-valley from its terminus the glacier flows over a bedrock riegel that is, at its lowest point, ∼ 15 m above the projected maximum lake level of 1200 m. As a result of the increase in water level, the surface velocity near the front has increased from about 0.07 to 0.13 m d−1. Calculations suggest that the glacier terminus will retreat about 750 m in 50 years. The measured response of the glacier terminus for the first three years is in good agreement with the simulations.


SUMMARY General results on the behaviour of the posterior mean and variance of the mean of a normal distribution with known variance using a double-exponential prior are derived and complement the conjectures and particular examples given by Pericchi and Smith (1992) and Pericchi and Walley (1991).


This contribution examines the need to simplify legal decisions. More specifically, this article tackles a situation I refer to as 'Factor Overload'. Legal rules are sometimes set in the form of 'Laundry Lists'; that is, long sets of stipulated considerations that the judge must weigh. However, judges may encounter difficulty when trying to implement these checklist clauses. This difficulty is linked to our human cognitive limitations. Behavioural studies demonstrate that people struggle with the task of integrating a large number of factors. In order to test this phenomenon in the legal context, the article presents an investigation based on theoretical discussion, doctrinal analysis and the findings of an original experiment — a preliminary vignette study performed using the factual
framework of a real case in which judges had to implement a Laundry List rule. The study uses CPR r 3.9 in England and Wales to demonstrate the unproductive complexity of checklist rules by comparing decisions that have been made when taking into account nine factors, three factors and no factors at all.


Abstract Objective: Little progress has been made in developing a non-invasive method for assessing hip cartilage in vivo. The aim of our study was to determine whether the volume of hip cartilage can be determined accurately and reproducibly from routinely performed magnetic resonance images (MRI). Methods: Ten femoral heads obtained at surgery (five men, five women; aged 67–75 years) were used to compare cartilage volume estimates obtained using MRI with direct dissection of cartilage from anatomical samples. Hip MRI from six randomly selected patients having MRI for clinical indications were used to assess the reproducibility of MRI cartilage volume. Articulate cartilage volumes were determined by means of three-dimensional image processing of TI-weighted fat saturated, sagittal MRI. Results: The volume of the cartilage from the 10 hip specimens ranged from 1.8 to 7.8ml, as determined by the MRI method, and 1.6 to 8.1ml, as determined by dissection and volume displacement. The average over- and under-estimation of the cartilage volume using MRI was 0.6 (12%)±0.6ml. The coefficient of variation, as a measure of reproducibility, was 6.6%, based on six subjects, measured five times. Conclusions: The volume of femoral head cartilage can be measured non-invasively with good accuracy and reproducibly from standard diagnostic MRI. As cartilage volume measures are not subject to the same difficulty in reselecting identical section locations in follow-up MRI as other methods examining structural changes in the hip joint, this method may be useful in longitudinal studies examining therapeutic agents and preventive strategies in hip arthritis.


The Museum of Education at the University of Padua celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2013. This achievement is a good occasion to trace a summary of what has been realised through various and complementary commitments: collection and preservation of historical-educational heritage mainly of the 19th and 20th Centuries; source and support for research in several fields of learning; heterogeneous combination of educational and formative initiatives; scientific divulgation among the vast public. There emerges a framework of articulate complexity on education, intended as a global process, crossing formal and informal contexts, a framework characterised by fruitful relationality through contacts at local and international level and by creative vitality, aimed at an approach more and more appropriate to the educational spirit of life contexts, coexisted and occurred in the past. On behalf of the University's Centre of Childhood Pedagogy, tied with the Museum since its foundation, the essay is aimed at expressing deep appreciation for a reality, that has been able to conserve and cultivate memory, while opening to the new.


The literature on risk and executive pay shows a conflict between traditional agency scholars who argue that incentive pay will increase risk-taking due to agents' possible wealth gains, and the be...


First of all, the article described the basic concept of the hospital information system (Hospital Information System, HIS), reviewed the development history of our hospital information system, analyzed the problems of the our existing HIS from the investment size, standardization, standardization system and so on, indicated the future of our hospital information system development trend is to gradually improve the standardization of information, the patients will be the development Center of HIS, telemedicine system continuously improved, and make full use of information resources to provide decision-making basis for the hospital development.


Aesthetic education has comprised many methods. The two methods are important: one is aesthetic education that thinks of aesthetic object as a carrier; the second is aesthetic education that takes aesthetic as a methodology and which is generalized by interdisciplinary and penetration way. There are two kinds of deviation in current college's aesthetic education practice,on the one hand,viewing aesthetic objects as art parochially to weaken the scope of aesthetic education. On the other hand,lacking the consciousness of interdisciplinary and combining.


In this article, polyamide 6/polystyrene/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PA6/PS/MWNTs) nanocomposites were prepared via successive in-situ polymerization. The effect of MWNTs on the morphology and electrical properties of polyamide 6/polystyrene (PA6/PS) blends was investigated in detail. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis indicated that MWNTs were selectively located at the interface of PA6 and PS. The interface-localized MWNTs could act as compatibilizers, which resulted in the decreased size of PS domains in PA6 matrix and the delayed phase inversion of immiscible PA6/PS blends. The PA6/PS interface was continuous in the MWNTs-filled (70/30) PA6/PS blends. Selectively located MWNTs at the continuous interface were connected with each other, which resulted in the establishment of a MWNTs conductive pathway in (70/30) PA6/PS blends. Electrical properties analysis indicated that the volume resistivity of (70/30) PA6/PS blends with 0.5 and 1.0 wt % MWNTs loading was decreased by about nine orders of magnitude. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012


There are various methods of obtaining nanopowders, which can be used for the construction of composites. To determine the rational technology of nanoscale modifiers in this paper we propose a generalized criterion that takes into account such criteria as the criterion of private energy efficiency technologies criterion of self-organization of matter, the criterion of structural stability and particle size criterion.


The purpose of the project is studying the factors affecting the growth of Aluminium Industry and predicting the production of Aluminium for the next two decades.
Aluminium is the third abundant element in the earth crust. It never occurs as a free element. It is a silvery white metal with a wide range of application in the transport, construction, packaging industry, electronic production, household appliances, etc., and consequently the economic
activities of these industrial sectors determine the overall demand for aluminium. A model is designed to be a flexible tool in accommodating certain factors that impacts the metal's growth and its subsequent production in India. Consumption of Aluminium goes hand in hand with production. So a future prediction of Aluminium production is projected considering the Gross Domestic Product, Population, Power and Automobiles. The aluminium model simulates the technology evolution of the industry from 1980 to 2030, prior to primary Aluminium production. Several future projections has also been portrayed and correlated in the
model to illustrate the technology dynamics of the sector's future.


Introduction Population-based and single-institution surveys from diverse geographic areas have consistently shown that in about 25%-40% of cases, malignant lymphomas originate from and exclusively progress or relapse within extranodal sites, with the skin and the gastrointestinal system representing the most common sites. The biology and clinical features of extranodal lymphomas are clearly distinct from those of lymphomas arising from the lymph nodes, and their etiology is different. For example, specific microbial triggers for extranodal B-cell lymphoma have been demonstrated. Therefore, diagnostic workup, treatment, assessment of relapse, and overall outcome are distinct from nodal lymphomas. Furthermore, the study of the development of cellular immune surveillance and of the mechanisms regulating lymphocyte homing to these critical areas of host-environment interfacing hold the key to understanding how these malignancies arise and progress. In the skin, lymphomas may originate from B cells, T cells, or natural killer (NK) cells, reflecting a significant heterogeneity in causation. However, unlike most other extranodal sites, T-cell rather than B-cell lymphomas are the most frequent and prevalent.1 Hypotheses about the reasons for this observation should be informed by features of T-cell immune surveillance and environmental exposures that are unique to the skin and different from the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract. Analysis of the specific functional features of malignant T cells in cutaneous lymphoma, such as antigen receptor use, cytokine and chemokine expression, and transcriptional profile, might provide clues to the etiological agent(s), as they have in other T-cell disorders.2 While a complete histogenetic and biologic characterization of primary cutaneous lymphomas has not been developed, we anticipate that future classifications schemes will be based on cell lineage, functional subset, molecular abnormalities, and clinical features, along the lines of the most current World Health Organization classification. It is conceivable that in the near future, old eponyms will be discarded in favor of more specific disease definitions. Finally, although historically the clinical and laboratory work on cutaneous lymphomas has mostly focused on the T-cell subsets, there is increasing awareness that a lack of knowledge about B-cell and NK-cell lymphomas is impairing the ability of physicians to counsel patients about risk factors, plans of care, and prognosis. One of the purposes of the Cutaneous Lymphoma Summit 2009, as reflected in the articles included in this issue, is to shed some initial light on this understudied subset of cutaneous lymphomas. The generic term cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) encompasses a spectrum of T-cell malignancies that include mycosis fungoides (MF), Sezary syndrome (SS), anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, and other rare subsets. In this article, we use the general term CTCL to discuss MF/SS. An estimated 2000 new cases of CTCL are diagnosed annually,3 with approximately 20,000 affected in the United States, more frequently affecting the elderly and black populations. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma typically presents with scaly patches or thickened plaques of skin that often evolve from chronic dermatoses, years before biopsy confirmation.4 Disease progression from early clinical stages is variable, but the burden of chronic skin disease is constant. Increasing areas of skin surface involvement are accompanied by tumor formation, ulceration, and exfoliation (erythroderma), often complicated by infections and debilitation. Advanced stages are defined by extracutaneous involvement of lymph nodes, peripheral blood, and viscera. Sezary syndrome, a triad of generalized exfoliative erythroderma, peripheral blood involvement, and lymphadenopathy, is a common presentation of advanced-stage CTCL. Prognosis of CTCL is related to the extent of skin involvement and stage at the time of diagnosis. While early-stage CTCL treated with skin-directed (nonsystemic) therapies is associated with long-term survival,5 advance stages have a median survival of 2.5-5.0 years, depending on the degree of extracutaneous involvement.6,7 Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and all primarily cutaneous lymphomas, have now been unequivocally shown to be clinically and biologically distinct from its nodal counterparts, leading to the recognition that management of these malignancies requires a specialized approach. Over the past decade, there has been an increasing focus on cutaneous lymphomas from a variety of sectors, including academic, drug development, and patient advocacy. Professional societies and organizations have updated and revised cutaneous lymphoma classification, staging criteria, and consensus treatment guidelines.4,8,9 Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have developed new classes of therapeutic agents active in cutaneous lymphomas, such as targeted immunotoxins, retinoids, dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors, and histone deacetylase inhibitors.10-12 The Cutaneous Lymphoma Foundation (CLF) currently serves as the largest nonprofit organization devoted to the advocacy of patients with cutaneous lymphomas (www.clfoundation.org). Editorial


Carbon nanotubes and graphene are promising materials for thermal management applications due to their high thermal conductivities. However, their thermal properties are anisotropic, and the radial or cross-plane direction thermal conductivity is low. A 3D Carbon nanotube (CNT)-graphene structure has previously been proposed to address this limitation, and direct molecular dynamics simulations have been used to predict the associated thermal conductivity. In this work, by recognizing that thermal resistance primarily comes from CNT-graphene junctions, a simple network model of thermal transport in pillared graphene structure is developed. Using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics, the resistance across an individual CNT-graphene junction with sp2 covalent bonds is found to be around 6×10−11 m2K/W, which is significantly lower than typical values reported for planar interfaces between dissimilar materials. In contrast, the resistance across a van der Waals junction is about 4×10−8 m2K/W. Interestingly, when...


The IMF Survey Magazine (February 14, 2008) announced: "In May 2007, Ghana formally adopted an inflation targeting framework for its monetary policy, announcing price stability as the central bank's primary objective". Ghana is only the second country in sub-Saharan Africa, after South Africa, to adopt such a regime. Ghana's inflation target is five per cent while South Africa's is a 3-6 per cent band. Such low rates are common among countries in the region, even those without explicit targeting regimes.


Background: Wilson's disease (DW) is a genetic disorder characterized by the accumulation of copper in the body. The copper accumulation is systemic and occurs in several tissues, with the central nervous system (CNS) being one of the most affected sites. The use of imaging tests is not necessary for the diagnosis. However, in the suspicion of neurological damage, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the assessment of the metal deposit in the CNS and in the clinico-anatomical correlation in symptomatic patients. Objectives: to identify the characteristic findings of DW in neuroimaging exams. Methods: a narrative literature review. Results: in MRI, the most affected sites in the CNS are the basal ganglia (mainly the outermost portion of the putamen), followed by the midbrain, the pons, and the thalamus. Alterations are bilaterally and symmetrically. T2 sequence reveals hyperintensity in putamen, the most common abnormality, as well as in the rest of the basal ganglia. Eventually, it is possible to identify the "panda sign" in the axial section of the midbrain, due to the involvement of the tegmental region associated with the normal signal of the red nuclei and hypointensity of the superior colliculus, characteristic of DW. In the T1 sequence, patients with neurological symptoms present hypointense images. Conclusions: MRI has a diagnostic and prognostic role in DW. The putamen is the most affected structure, but abnormalities in the pons, midbrain, and thalamus are part of the neuroimaging spectrum of Wilson's disease. The "panda sign" is the classic MRI finding.


Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are software module packages which can be customized up to a certain limit to suit the specific needs of each organization. Many ERP projects have not been effective at achieving all of the intended results due to high cost and high failure risks in ERP implementation. This study integrates the prior theories and knowledge gained from several textile industry practitioners for ERP projects. A two-stage method involving the Delphi and analytic hierarchy process decision support methodology was conducted. Based on the case of the textile industry in Taiwan, the findings illustrate the top 10 key factors: a clear project plan by defined ERP capacity requirement; a limited scope and focused flowchart; goal congruence between ERP project implementation and corporate strategy; top management support and commitment; the extent of standard operating procedures and institutional processes; a user-friendly interface; systems integrated with aggressive schedules and timelines; provision of technical assistance for rapid, effective transfer of best practice interventions; good interdepartmental communication and coordination on a focused issue solution; and enablement of business process reengineering and solid management for project team building. The findings of this research will be beneficial to those apparel companies that adopted the ERP.


We demonstrate low surface recombination velocity (∼8700 cm/s) and reduction of non-radiative lifetime in an InP/InGaAs nanoscale light emitting diode using a sacrificial Al2O3 layer. We predict high efficiency operation after modest enhancement of spontaneous emission rate with an optical antenna.


Twenty-six isolates of Mucor spp. collected from stone fruit, mainly peaches and nectarines, were identified and compared for pathogenicity. Thirteen isolates from California and six from Chile were classified as M. piriformis; the other seven included two M. circinelloides, three M. racemosus, and two M. plumbeus. These four species of Mucor were also recovered from soil of three stone fruit orchards in Parlier, CA. The isolates of Mucor spp. obtained from orchard soil included <1-8% M. piriformis; 21-28% M. racemosus; 1-5% M. circinelloides, M. plumbeus, M. hiemalis, and M. genevensis; and other (59-73%) unidentified Mucor spp. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth was 21 C for M. piriformis (all isolates), 27 C for M. racemosus and M. plumbeus, and 30 C for M. circinelloides (.)


Cereal Chem. 68(2):170-172 A displacement volumeter is described for bread loaves prepared from system and that volume readings take significantly less time than with 10 g of flour. Standard deviations of loaf volume measurements by the the method previously described. With the new volumeter and glass beads instrument were significantly lower than those by a procedure published of 2 mm diameter, three independent readings gave a reasonable power earlier. Other advantages of the new apparatus are that it is a closed to discriminate between items that differ in volume by at least 1 cm . Shogren and Finney (1984) published an excellent method to evaluate the breadmaking potential of small samples of flour (10 g). Although at this laboratory we are pleased with the breadbaking procedure, we have found that the volumeter proposed by the authors has some disadvantages: 1) volume readings are time-consuming; 2) the procedure for scraping the metal cup surface to remove excess dwarf rapeseed must be highly standardized; 3) even when the scraping is standardized, the volume readings still have a high standard deviation; and finally, 4) the apparatus is an open system minor faulty manipulations result in a loss of the rapeseed. In view of the above, we tried to develop an alternative volumeter, i.e., a mini version of the National Manufacturing volumeter (TMCO, Lincoln, NE) for loaves prepared from 100 g of flour according to the procedure of Finney (1984). We here report on the construction of a new volumeter and on a comparison of the performances of the instrument described by Shogren and Finney (1984) (from here on termed volumeter I) and the new one (volumeter II). MATERIALS AND METHODS Bread Samples Breads were baked from European flours of varied quality according to the procedure of Shogren and Finney (1984) to yield breads of varied volumes. The breads were placed on a grid after removal from the oven, and volumes were determined after about 2 hr. Glass Beads and Wooden Calibration Blocks Glass beads of 1.0-, 2.0-, and 3.0-mm diameter were purchased from Vel, Haasrode, Belgium. Wooden (oak) blocks had a surface area of 1,803 mm (6.03 X 2.99 cm) and varied heights to yield volumes of 39.5, 51.3, 62.5, and 81.3 cm. The dimensions 6.03 and 2.99 cm correspond to the internal length and width dimensions of the top of the bread pans used in our laboratory. Volumeter II The volumeter II was constructed from stainless steel (1.0-mm thick) and Plexiglas (3.0 and 10.0 mm thick). Figure 1 shows the cut stainless steel plates with dimensions (in millimeters) and the number of each necessary to construct the apparatus. Not shown is a grid serving as a sieve, woven from stainless steel wire (27 X 40 mm) with 11 X 11 mm holes, and the two side walls (one for the volume readings) of Plexiglas (3.0 mm thick, 250 mm long, and 28 mm wide). The central shaft from which volumes were read had two stainless steel walls and two walls of Plexiglas. To increase the accuracy of the volume measurements, the cross-sectional area 'Research assistant, technical assistant, and research associates, respectively, Laboratorium voor Toegepaste Organische Scheikunde and Laboratorium voor Statistiek en Proeftechniek (P.L.D.), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kardinaal Mercierlaan 92, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. © 1991 American Association of Cereal Chemists, Inc. 170 CEREAL CHEMISTRY of the shaft was reduced by lining the insides of the stainless steel walls with Plexiglas plates. These plates were 10.0 mm thick, 22.0 mm wide, and 250 mm long along the outside wall and 230 mm long on the inner surface; the shorter inside length resulted from 45 degree angles at both ends to allow for smooth passage of the glass beads. The cross-sectional area of the shaft (28 X 28 mm, internal dimensions) was therefore reduced by the two Plexiglas side walls (each 3 mm thick and 28 mm wide) as well as the two plates (2 X 10 X 22 mm ). Because the resulting cross section of the shaft was only 176 mm , 1 cm 3 of bread volume corresponded to 5.7 mm of shaft height. Volume Measurements All volume measurements were made in the volumeter I, constructed and operated as described by Shogren and Finney (1984),


The members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) have traditionally been `reluctant Europeans' that preferred to remain outside the European Community (EC) in spite of their high economic dependence. This article analyses the EC-EFTA negotiations 1989-93 on the creation of a European Economic Area (EEA). It suggests one possible explanation for the puzzling question of why most of the EFTA countries have applied for full EC membership at a time when the Community has been offering them participation in its internal market in the form of the EEA and without the political burdens of the Maastricht Treaty. In highlighting the factors of uncertainty which characterized the complex bargaining process, the article shows that the outcome of the EEA involved a substantial loss of `operational sovereignty' for the EFTA countries without offering them satisfactory `voice opportunities' in return. Adding to the economic fears of exclusion, this disappointment is likely to have contributed to their policy change in favour of EC membership.


Abstract : Command and control (C2) is an enigma that has been studied by military leaders and warfare analysts for hundreds of years. As a result of the numerous definitions and concepts of C2, the design of C2 systems is a challenge to systems engineers. Adding to the challenge is the understanding and integration of new operational concepts, such as Network-Centric Warfare, identified by stakeholders as necessary to meet operational needs. Through the use of a system architecture methodology, this thesis created a general vision of the system; identified the boundaries of, inputs to, outputs from, and objectives for the system; described what the system was to do with the identified inputs to produce the desired outputs; described the resources that comprised the system, the procedures by which the system was used, and the controls on the system; and proposed two alternative system architectures from which an analysis of designs could be conducted. From this methodology, numerous points of integration between doctrine and material, as well as areas for future effort and study, were identified to assist in the development and integration of net-centric systems and net-centric doctrine to meet the command and control needs of future tactical naval forces.


Although Megan's Law was passed more than 10 years ago, very little is known as to whether it reduces sex offender recidivism significantly. Using a retrospective quasi-experimental design, we examine whether community notification has a deterrent effect by comparing the recidivism rates of 155 level 3 ("high public risk") sex offenders released from Minnesota prisons between 1997 and 2002 who were subject to broad notification with two separate control groups who were not. The first control group (referred to as the prenotification group) contained 125 sex offenders released between 1990 and 1996 (the 7 years preceding the implementation of the Community Notification Act) who likely would have been subject to broad community notification had the law been in effect at the time of their release. The second control group (referred to as the non-notification group) was composed of 155 offenders (37 level 1 and 118 level 2) released between 1997 and 2002 who were not subject to broad community notification. The results from the Cox proportional hazards models reveal that broad community notification significantly reduced the risk of time to a sex reoffense (rearrest, reconviction, and reincarceration) compared with both control groups. The findings were mixed, however, for both non-sex and general reoffending. Whereas broad community notification significantly reduced the risk of timing to both non-sex and general recidivism compared with the prenotification group, no such effects were found in the non-notification group analyses. We discuss the implications of these results and attempt to explain why Megan's Law seems to reduce sex offense recidivism in Minnesota.


The present invention relates to a kind of suitable for the integrated correction system of different Active Arrays and bearing calibration, comprising: Active Arrays, high-acruracy survey real-time compensation unit, test probe, industrial personal computer, vector network analyzer, RF cable, low-frequency cable;The present invention has correction accuracy height, correction time short, simply, is easily achieved, has the advantages that strong versatility, has good Project Realization.


Introduction. Cranium is a mobile application that uses augmented reality, which serves as a means of support for the medical student to study the bones of the skull. Objective to improve this situation while raising interest in the subject in students without replacing the aforementioned book. Materials and methods A qualitative research is proposed, divided into three phases: identification, development of augmented application and evaluation with the users of the developed application, for which surveys and in-depth interviews are used to collect information. Results87% indicates the great need to implement new technologies in education. Discussionat the icon level of the application was very well qualified with only a small observation to modify it a bit its aspect Conclusions make changes that will help the application to be more pleasant and functional for users


The imido-based half-sandwich complex Cp*Ta(N(2,6-diisopropylphenyl))(η1-C3H5)(η3-C3H5) (3) polymerizes ethylene in the presence of [(C6H5)3C]+[(C6F5)4B]- or B(C6F5)3, while chloride and alkyl derivatives are inactive in the presence of MAO or alkyl abstraction reagents. In contrast, however, Cp*Ta(NSi(tert-butyl)3)Cl2 (5) polymerizes ethylene in the presence of MAO while Cp*Ta(NSi(tert-butyl)3)(η1-C3H5)(η3-C3H5) (6) and Cp*Ta(NSi(tert-butyl)3)Me2 (4) are essentially inactive in the presence of alkyl abstractors.


The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of the air gap on the amount of mass flow rate and the ratio of energy storage in the thermal storage system containing a Trombe wall and that is through conducting experiments inside a room with dimensions of (1.5*1*1.5) m3, made of PVC sandwich insulation panel. The room contains a thermal wall of a dimension of (0.96*1.44*0.1) m3 made from a wood frame and contains 99 capsules of industrial wax of (6) cm diameter and (9.6) cm length, distributed by matrix form of (11*9). The wall is supported by four iron guides from both sides to move it easily in a distance of (10 to 35) cm from the glass cover in the south direction. The experiments have been conducted under real weather conditions of December 2016 for Kirkuk city, and this study included six widths of the air gap, arranged from (35 to 10) cm with steps of 5cm each. the results showed that the width of the air gap has a great effect on the mass flow rate through the air gap and energy incoming to the thermal system, where the best case for both factors was obtained at (b=35cm), and the max energy storage has been obtained at (b=15cm) and is about 45% of energy incoming to the system at the experiments of sunny days


AIM: Students included in the category of youth need balanced nutrition practices, especially during the COVID-19 outbreak. This study aims to determine the model of balanced nutrition behavior in youth in Gowa Regency, Makassar, Indonesia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional study, in which primary data were collected from June to July 2020. The respondents were 597 students at public and private universities located in Gowa Regency who filled the questionnaires.

RESULTS: The bivariate analysis results, which were based on the respondents' characteristics, showed that only age significantly affected balanced nutrition practices (p = 0.048). Based on the independent variables studied, poor knowledge (p = 0.000, ORcrude = 2.229 [CI 1.601–3.105]) and poor attitude (p = 0.001, ORcrude = 1.735 [CI 1.250-2.409]) obtained a significant correlation with poor balanced nutrition practices. The final model of balanced nutrition practices using multivariate analysis indicated that knowledge was the biggest predictor of balanced nutrition (p = 0.000, OR = 2.067 [CI 1.476–2.893]). The number implied that respondents with good knowledge had 2.067 times the opportunity to take balanced nutrition practices than those with less knowledge after controlling for age and attitude variables.

CONCLUSION: Producing well-balanced nutrition behavior requires well-balanced nutrition knowledge, including university students who belong to the late adolescent stage.


Based on the analysis of UAV Mission requirements and tactical characteristics, this paper attempts to establish a Route Planning model which includes comprehensive threats model, performance constraints model and mission effectiveness model. A dual population genetic ant colony algorithm is designed, with which can be independently and simultaneously searched. In the iterative process, the algorithm adjusts adaptively the volatile coefficient of the pheromone which is limited within a certain range. These measures can prevent local optimum and stagnation in the search. The application of improved ant colony algorithm in route planning of UAV is verified for the feasibility and effectiveness of the method by way of simulation.


A minimal system of generators of the algebra of centro-affine covariants for planar homogeneous cubic differential systems with linear part is found with the help of Aronhold identities based on the calculation of determinants of matrices. In this paper we construct a minimal system of generators of centro-affine covariants for planar homogeneous cubic differential systems with free terms. Our method based on the description of the vectorial subspaces of the algebra of centro-affines covariants for these cubic differential systems avoids the Aronhold identities.


To solve the problem of the production plan integrality and dynamic modification consistency for complex equipment enterprises,an integrated multilayer PUSHPULL production plan management system based on CPM(critical path method) is put forward,and a production plan control model based on the realization methods of dynamic process management of multilayer production plan and resources optimization is constructed.A parallel operational mechanism of production planning and scheduling based on workflow management is advanced.And aiming at the problem of materials tardiness,CPM dynamic planning and coordinating algorithm are set up.These measures guarantee the veracity of the activity planning and modification consistency of production planning.


ABSTRACT Objective. Research with ethnic minority populations requires instrumentation that is cultural and linguistically relevant. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the Cancer Survivor Unmet Needs measure into Spanish. Methods. We describe the iterative, community-engaged consensus-building approaches used to adapt the instrument for Hispanic male cancer survivors. We used an exploratory sequential mixed method study design. Methods included translation and back-translation, focus groups with cancer survivors (n = 18) and providers (n = 5), use of cognitive interview techniques to evaluate the comprehension and acceptability of the adapted instrument with survivors (n = 12), ongoing input from the project's community advisory board, and preliminary psychometric analysis (n = 84). Results. The process emphasized conceptual, content, semantic, and technical equivalence. Combining qualitative and quantitative approaches offered a rigorous, systematic, and contextual approach to translation alone and supports the cultural adaptation of this measure in a purposeful and relevant manner. Conclusion. Our findings highlight the importance of going beyond translation when adapting measures for cross-cultural populations and illustrate the importance of taking culture, literacy, and language into consideration.


The combination of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM)/BICM with iterative demapping (BICM-ID) is one of the key technologies to meet the high-transmission-rate requirement of the next generation broadcasting systems. However, conventional low-density parity check (LDPC) coded MIMO BICM schemes always show poor performance with iterative demapping, and vice versa. In this paper, a subset of spatially coupled codes, finite-length spatially coupled (SC-) quasi-cyclic (QC-) LDPC code, is proposed and the universality of spatially coupled codes is utilized to achieve a good tradeoff between MIMO BICM and BICM-ID schemes. Due to the specific code structure of SC-QC-LDPC, the tool of multi-edge type density evolution (MET-DE) is employed for the performance analysis and code optimization. As an example, a finite-length SC-QC-LDPC code is optimized in binary-input additive white Gaussian noise channel, and then bit error rate simulations are carried out to verify the universality of the designed code in MIMO BICM and BICM-ID schemes.


Traditional hybrid P2P Botnet control model divides nodes into super nodes and client nodes, which made proper compromise between connectivity and aggregation, but it has serious "social-effect" problem. In this paper, an improved hybrid P2P control model (Shadow-Chord) based on chord is proposed, in which both super nodes and client nodes join a hidden structured Chord network in the usual, and they use backup communication channels to rejoin the network when all nodes in the routing table are unreachable. It is similar to construct a covert "shadow network" for hybrid P2P network. Simulation result shows that the Shadow-Chord model effectively lowers the clustering coefficient and solves the "social-effect" problem in traditional hybrid P2P network.


Background: Hypotension refers to an abnormally low blood pressure (BP) below 80/60. The role of nursing in treating the patients with hypotension is having a lot of importance. Objectives: To assess the Effectiveness of Nursing Strategies on Cardiac parameters among patients with hypotension admitted in Dhanvantri Critical Care Centre, Erode. Design: Quasi-experimental design, where Pre and Post test Non equivalent Group design, Setting: Dhanvantri Critical Care Centre, Erode. Methods: Out of 30 patients, 20 patients were selected as experimental group and 10 patients were selected as control group by using purposive sampling technique. Level of cardiac function was measured by cardiac parameters observational scale before and after the procedure. Results: Scores in cardiac function shows, posttest 80% of patients had moderate level of cardiac function in control group whereas on experimental group 95% of patients had normal level of cardiac function. The patient's level of cardiac parameters improved from the mean value of 12.7±1.59 to 12.5±2.18 in control group and 11.8± 2.07 to 19.2±2.66 in experimental group respectively. Paired 't' test score was 3.462 and 27.49 in control and experimental group. Unpaired 't' test score was 5.44 which is significantly effective. Conclusion: The findings of the study reveal that Fluid therapy and passive leg raising is more effective and it improves the level of cardiac function in patients with hypotension.


A theoretical analysis of rotations during rolling due to slip on systems of the type {111} <110> predicts the occurrence of two kinds of slip rotation. When a stress axis is oriented for single slip, it will rotate toward the boundary where two slip systems have the same resolved shear stress. Then, conjugate slip will begin to operate and lead to the development of the rolling texture described as {011} <211>. On the other hand, when two stress axes lie in the neighborhood of the same {011} great circle, two texture components {112} <111> and {011} <100> with large spreads will be formed. With increasing rolling reduction, the {011} <100> orientation diminishes rapidly due to slip toward {011} <211>, and the


In this paper, Energy of highest occupied molecular orbital (Ehomo) of frontier molecular orbital (FMO), molecular connectivity ( n X v ) indices and partition coefficients (K ow) of organic chemicals were used to study the structure and activity of some new oximido compounds. The quantitative molecular structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) models on toxic effect were established to predict the acute toxicity on mouse and other animals for the oximido chemicals through a quantitative analysis of molecular parameters and toxicological data, therefore the toxicity of organic oximido compounds can be assessed.


Photoisomerization mechanism in model retinal-like protonated Schiff base pentadieniminium was investigated by using MNDO method with configuration interaction. Isomerizations around various double bonds were studied and twisted biradical geometries in So and Sl states were optimized. Photoisomerization proceeds exclusively around the central double bond where the twisted Sl state is strongly stabilized and the So - S[ gap is minimal. Protonated Schiff base (PSB) of retinal plays the important role in many bio-optical devices created by the nature. It is a chromophore of the visual pigment rhodopsin, whose photoisomerization from ii-cis to all-trans form is the first step in the complex process of transformation of light into a nerve impulse. During the last few years still other related mechanisms of PSBs bio-optical activity have been discovered and other can be expected 1. Photoisomerization of PSB of retinal is regioselective and proceeds with a high quantum yield. This phenomenon was an object of intensive research, both experi mental and theoretical (for an excellent review see reU). Most authors agree that the absorbing state of PSBs is 1 B: one, followed by I A; state (although PSBs have only Cs symmetry the notation for polyenes (C2h)) is commonly used and the superscripts + and - reflect the in-phase and out-of-phase combinations of configurations in CI wave function, respectively). On the basis of INDO CI calculations 2 it was stated that photoisomerization proceeds in the 1 A; state. This was confirmed also by recent MNDO study3. Ab initio large scale CI calculations 4 on methaniminium and propeniminium confirmed the existence of an So - S 1 conical intersection in twisted double bond geometries of these molecules. The goal of present work was to contribute to better understanding of geometry and electronic structure of PSBs in excited states and mechanism of their photo isomerization.


ABSTRACT In our increasingly diverse society, children are deeply engaged in television viewing and their consumption of television programming varies by ethnicity. Ethnic portrayal in children's advertising is an important public policy and self-regulatory topic that may influence children's self-perception and brand perception. This research examines frequency of ethnic representation, as assessed by the proportionality criterion and type of role portrayals by ethnically stereotyped groups in 155 children's commercials. Results indicate that all diverse ethnicities were underrepresented compared to Caucasians. Ethnic representation is also examined by advertised product category, ethnic interaction, and importance of role portrayed by ethnic characters.


Developmental reversal in false memories is the counterintuitive phenomenon that older children and adults are more prone to developing false memories than younger children and that false memories increase with age. The current paper discusses the theories behind this phenomenon and the paradigms that can be used to investigate it. Not only age is a prominent factor in the development of false memories. The role of emotional load of the falsely remembered words will also be investigated.


The increased longevity and reduction of mortality in last decades changed the profile of the population of the country. The role of this study was evaluate the food consumption of elderly asylees inside of state RS. It is a transverse study realized in august 2011 in a nursing home. Were evaluated through observation of food consumption the macronutrients, micronutrients and calories and status nutritional. The sample had 31 elderly, the majority being female (81,9%). The group analyzed 35,6% were with status nutritional committed. The macronutrients consumption was appropriate and the micronutrients was too except for zinc and potassium. Concludes this way that is fundamental importance the presence of a dieticin in this places to be an appropriate menu and a correct handling of those that are status nutritional committed.


This paper describes the investigations carried out at ETH Zurich on the very-high resolution optical satellite sensor WorldView-1. The dataset includes a stereopair acquired in November 2007 over Morrison, Colorado, USA, consisting of a quasi-nadir scene with mean GSD close to 51cm and an off-nadir scene, with GSD up to 73cm. The radiometry of the images was evaluated through the estimation of the noise level (standard deviation of the digital number) in non-homogeneous areas. For the orientation of the scenes, we used ground control points to estimate the parameters of an affine transformation and improve the orientation related to the Rational Polynomial Coefficients (RPC) provided in the metadata files. The next step included the automatic DSM generation with quality assessment. In all our tests the matching and the final DSM generation was realized with our in-house software package SATPP (Satellite Image Precision Processing) which has already been successfully used for other satellite sensors like IKONOS, ALOS/PRISM, Cartosat-1 and airborne linear and frame cameras. For the evaluation of the potential of a WorldView-1 stereo image pair for DSM generation, reference data are fundamental. As no DSM with a suitable resolution was available in this dataset, we generated the reference DSM from 1:15'000 scale infrared aerial images purchased from USGS. The aerial images were acquired in April 2002 with an analogue camera and scanned with a resolution of 14μm. No GCPs were available for the area covered by the aerial images. Therefore we defined a sufficient number of well-defined texture points in the oriented stereo pair of WorldView-1 as GCPs and determined their 3D coordinates using the orientation parameter of the satellite stereo pair. These points were used for the image orientation of the aerial images, which leads to a good relative orientation between the two different image sets. By this we investigated the quality of the matching process with WorldView-1 stereo image data mostly independent of the exterior orientation parameters. We will present here our accuracy assessment by visual and quantitative analysis (3D residuals distribution and statistics). The difference between the acquisition times of the two data sets (about 2.5 years) caused changes in the land cover, e.g. in correspondence of vegetation and buildings. In order to avoid the influence of temporal differences in our analysis, we compared the surface models in areas where no significant time depending changes could be expected. In addition, we evaluated the potential of the scenes for 3D building model extraction. The results are presented and discussed.


In the case of the fabrication of flexible solar cells based on the inverted metamorphic multijunction (IMM) structure, the conventional high-temperature annealing will result in the thin-film epitaxial layer warp or even crack, which could seriously affect the yield of flexible solar cells. The poor device fabrication processing compatibility arises from the large difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the ultrathin epitaxial layer and the flexible substrate. In this work, we developed the PdGe electrode to achieve the specific contact resistivity of $3.4\times 10^{-{6}}\,\,\Omega \cdot $ cm2 with low-temperature annealing. Thermal cycle tests have demonstrated the ultrahigh stability of the ohmic contact performance. By the employment of the designed electrode, the flexible large-sized GaInP/GaAs/InGaAs solar cells were successfully fabricated with a conversion efficiency of 35.37% under the AM1.5G illumination. The encapsulated flexible solar cells can remain above 98% of initial performance under the circumstance of 85 °C and 85% relative humidity. The stable and reliable electrode based on low-temperature annealing technology will greatly improve the production yield in the preparation of flexible electronic devices.


In order to improve prerention and control of infectious bursal IgY effect of infectious bursal,comparison of different purification method on the high IBD yolk antibody titer of effection.Preparation of hyper-immune eggs and determination of the titer,in the lab,four methods were used for extraction high-yolk antibodies and determination of the titer.They were direct centrifugation,acidfied water extraction,chloroform extraction method and polyethylene glycol method.The results showed that self-prepared yolk antibody titer was 1∶64,direct centrifugation antibody titer was 1∶128,acidfied water extraction antibody titer was 1∶16,chloroform extraction method antibody titer was 1∶256,polyethylene glycol method antibody titer was 1∶32.The results showed that after using titer chloroform extraction method,the highest titer detected,chloroform extraction method was a common method of clinical extracted antibody.


As structures are high-rise and bigger, the demands of high strength steels have enabled it to be produced which have excellent properties such as strength, ductility, weldability and toughness than conventional steels do. Computer models of WUF-B connection were formed and analyzed using the finite-element analysis computer program of ABAQUS. The analysis model is based on the test program using high and normal strength steel. In general, the failure mode and maximum deformation obtained by test could not be simulated from the finite element analysis specially for the cyclic loading. The maximum equivalent strain and accumulated plastic strain obtained by FEA were found based on the cyclic test result at the failure. The applied load history of FEA model was traced as same as the cyclic test until it failed. And, the accumulated equivalent plastic strain was selected to find the global deformation capacity of connection at failure. Analysis results show that the selected maximum accumulated equivalent plastic strain at failure for different strength, normal and high strength steel, are different. The suggested plastic strain could be used to find numerically the limit of deformation capacity of beam-to-column connection, which results in the reduction of expensive test.


The eikonal equation for transversely isotropic media is a complex quartic partial differential equation that causes instability in traveltime inversion. The phenomenon of shear wave splitting in a transversely isotropic model with a horizontal symmetry axis (HTI) provides information for inversion. However, the involvement of shear waves makes the computation of forward modeling and inversion more time-consuming than when only using P-waves. Most studies of traveltime approximation based on the eikonal equation are based on an acoustic assumption, which does not work for shear waves. Therefore, based on perturbation theory, we derive approximate solutions of the eikonal equation in a heterogeneous elastic HTI model for P-, SV-, and SH-waves to improve the traveltime computation efficiency. The approximate solutions of linear, quadratic, and Shanks forms are based on the linearization of the traveltime function in terms of fracture weaknesses in an isotropic background, which are suitable for joint P-, SV-, and SH-wave traveltime inversion and tomography for fracture parameters. When applied for a homogenous model, the proposed formulation results in a simple and accurate traveltime approximation. The first- and second-order perturbation coefficients are used to analyze the sensitivity of the traveltime to fracture weakness. To improve the accuracy of our approximation, we also expand the approximation of the P-wave traveltime with respect to the anellipticity parameter η in an elliptic background, which is evaluated by performing an error test. Based on the accuracy and stability of the perturbation, we select a set of linear equations with respect to the fracture weaknesses and a set of more accurate nonlinear equations to serve different needs.


The increasing demand for life extension of both military and civil aircrafts led to significant advances in repair technology of cracked metallic structures. Consequently, bonded composite repairs of metallic structures became a rapidly growing technology in the field of aerospace. Given the specific characteristics of a bonded composite repair and the differences in the materials used in each case (metal, composite & adhesive), the applicability of a number of Non Destructive Testing methods to trace crack propagation under a composite patch repair of a cracked metallic structure is examined, following mechanical testing in fatigue. In this paper, the main NDT methods examined include the eddy current method applied over a bonded composite repair (i.e. without removing the repair) as well as Bragg grating optical sensors embedded into composite patches. The capability and the reliability of the eddy-current method to detect cracks under a composite obstacle of significant thickness were checked for several patch thickness. The eddy-current method was found to be fully capable of tracing the crack propagation under the composite patch, requiring only proper calibration of the generator. Small differences in the crack lengths between the patched and the unpatched side of the specimen which were examined were explained by their nonsymmetric configuration, which induced different stress intensity factors at the patched and the unpatched sides, as finite element analysis has clearly shown. On the other hand, Bragg grating sensors were proven capable of tracing crack propagation with high accuracy, through interpretation of the differences caused in the strain field over the crack, after comparison with finite element analysis results.


A numerical method called Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method was developed to analyze incompressible non-viscous flow. It is a particle method using a lagrangean representation without any grid. The governing equations are the Euler equation and the continuity equation. Most of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods are based on eulerian representation and use grids to describe the geometry of the simulated domain. These differences make the MPS method easier to analyze highly nonlinear phenomena as free surface with wave breaking, sloshing, slamming, etc. In previously published articles, results of physical experiments had shown good agreement with the numerical results obtained by the MPS method. In the present work, results of exciting forces were compared with the results obtained by a validated program called Wave Analysis MIT (WAMIT). It had a good agreement of results between these two programs. The optimization of the linear system solver was made implementing in the developed source code a parallelized public code called Portable, Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computation (PETSc) providing a good performance profit.


Abstract In the following paper we will discuss about the situation of the Romanian gypsies living in Spain and the main problems involved by their presence in this country. We will analyze the causes that made them emigrate to Spain, together with a historical analysis of this process, the living conditions they have (housing, employment, education...). Also, we will present the social problems they suffer because of their particular culture, other than Spanish, the main settlements where they chosen to live in Spain and social acceptance from the point of view of the Spanish population. The present article is the direct result of a research program that was developed almost two years ago by the Research Center for Regional Development and European Integration of the University of Bucharest, part of a larger research program regarding the ethnic minorities of Romania. The main important aspect of this research is the fact that we used two target groups interviewed both in Romania and Spain and also, we used official information regarding Romanian gypsy located actually on Spanish territory, according with the official Spanish census. This way we managed to gather a large quantity of information and to provide to the reader a closer to reality image of the status of Romanian gypsy presently living inside Spanish border. Also, the novelty brought by this research is the fact that we tried to present the social and integration problems encountered by the Romanian gypsies located in the cities or villages of Spain. The article might be considered a starting point for future research upon this subject.


A high-performance organic-inorganic hybrid acrylate resin coating material and its production are disclosed. The process is carried out by taking inorganic nanometer oxidant collosol containing hydroxyl group and alkoxy as curing agent, reacting with acrylate resin containing functional group, cross-linking and curing to obtain inorganic-organic hybrid coating. It achieves higher hardness, better thermal stability, abrasive and scraping-resistances and ultraviolet shielding characteristic. It can be used for surface protective ornament of car, metal, building, leather and fabric.


The March 29, 2005, issue of CMAJ carries a full-page advertisement for Hydromorph Contin on page 848. The advertisement states that "some patients may also experience fewer side effects than with morphine...", and this statement cites two 2 references. In fact, the two 2 articles cited do not make this claim, or even suggest it as far as I can see. The first citation does not contain the word "hydromorphone" anywhere in the text, and neither article mentions the specific product being advertised. It is hard for me to escape the conclusion that the advertiser knowingly sought to mislead CMAJ's readers by citing this work in the hope that no-one would check the facts. That I did so in this case is merely a function of the implausibility of the claim and my interest in the area. CMAJ is an authoritative voice in Canadian medicine. I suggest that greater steps need to be taken to ensure that every word of every advertisement in it is verifiably truthful. This is too important to be left to the advertisers themselves.


Base on image process technology,an automatic dairy microorganism detecting system is designed.It can obtaine images of dairy specimens by a microscope and image acquisition equipment,and marke microorganism in each specimen image based on the image features of microorganism.By counting the microorganism,the system can estimate the number of bacteria in a unit volume of the dairy rapidly and correctly.


Introduction Extracellular recordings have been, and still are, the main workhorse when measuring neural activity in vivo. In single-unit recordings sharp electrodes are positioned close to a neuronal soma, and the firing rate of this particular neuron is measured by counting spikes , that is, the standardized extracellular signatures of action potentials (Gold et al., 2006). For such recordings the interpretation of the measurements is straightforward, but complications arise when more than one neuron contributes to the recorded extracellular potential. For example, if two firing neurons of the same type are at about the same distance from their somas to the tip of the recording electrode, it may be very difficult to sort the spikes according to from which neuron they originate. The use of two ( stereotrode (McNaughton et al., 1983)), four (tetrode (Recce and O'Keefe, 1989;Wilson andMcNaughton, 1993; Gray et al., 1995; Jog et al., 2002)) or more (Buzsaki, 2004) close-neighbored recording sites allows for improved spike sorting, since the different distances from the electrode tips or contacts allow for triangulation. With present recording techniques and clustering methods one can sort out spike trains from tens of neurons from single tetrodes and from hundreds of neurons with multi-shank electrodes (Buzsaki, 2004). Information about spiking is typically extracted from the high-frequency band (≳500 Hz) of extracellular potentials. Since these high-frequency signals generally stem from an unknown number of spiking neurons in the immediate vicinity of the electrode contact, this is called multi-unit activity (MUA) .


need and who come from classes other than the wealthy, that giving for medical purposes can be beneficial, and that corporate and foundation grants can be worthwhile if they improve economic development and housing. And, of course, she approves strongly of money donated for the support of organizations and persons involved in community-level social change activities. In fact, she believes that a large majority of the nonprofit institutions in the society are involved in works beneficial to society. On the other hand, her final judgment is harsh. Wealth needs to be redistributed, and most of the proposed reforms do not do that. In addition, even with reform, control and power remain in the hands of the rich, and their generosity helps them much more than it does the poor, the needy, and society as a whole. Decision making is not broadly enough distributed.


1. The special theory of relativity 2. From special to the general theory of relativity 3. Vectors and tensors 4. Covariant differentiation 5. Curvature of spacetime 6. Spacetime symmetries 7. Physics in curved spacetime 8. Einstein's equations 9. The Schwarzschild solutions 10. Experimental tests of general relativity 11. Gravitational radiation 12. Relativistic astrophysics 13. Black holes 14. The expanding universe 15. Friedmann models 16. The early universe 17. Observational cosmology 18. Beyond relativity References Index.


Self service providers are making such systems which offer faster and more flexible service to the user. Most of us are familiar about self service technologies such as Kiosk, Auto Teller Machine, ...


The model of annular beams is given based on the model of flattened multi-Gaussian beams proposed by Tovar.Using the generalized Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral,the transformation and focusing properties of annular beams passing through an astigmatic lens are studied and analyzed.Furthermore,the effect of astigmatism on the beam quality of the annular beams passing through an astigmatic lens is also discussed.The results show that the annular beams become non-rotational symmetric after passing through an astigmatic lens.The focusing intensity decreases gradually with the increasing of the astigmatic coefficients.The azimuth angle of focusing spot is determined merely by astigmatic coefficients.For the given beam orders and the wavelength of the annular beams,the transformation properties and the beam quality of the annular beams passing through an astigmatic lens depend not only on astigmatic coefficients,but also on the Fresnel number of the systems.With the increase of the astigmatic coefficient,or decrease of the Fresnel number,the beam quality becomes worse.


After many decades of feminist activism, the gender revolution is incomplete. Feminist gains have spawned an ongoing backlash (Douglas 2010; Faludi 1991/2006), and as England (2010) notes, the pace of change for women has slowed in many spheres. Given the tension between the feminist movement and the anti-feminists who have galvanized against it, it is unsurprising that the movement's gains have been unevenly paced, showing swift progress in some areas and slower progress in others. It is thus also unsurprising that a sociologist who has studied gender throughout her career would describe the progress of the "gender revolution" as uneven and identify some aspects as "stalled." What has been surprising to some, however, are the explanations for this that Paula England (2010) proposed in her SWS Feminist Lecture "The Gender Revolution: Uneven and Stalled." This symposium includes responses to this argument from other scholars on the front lines of the gender revolution. What is clear from all of the responses is that England's piece has served as a catalyst for a vital conversation that promises to advance research about women's opportunities and changes in the gender system. Paula England's contributions to feminist sociology and gender research have been profound. Her books and articles have been cited in thousands of publications and have shaped the direction of research in gender, work, and family. Early on, her work critiqued human capital and neoclassical economic theories of women's wages and of occupational segregation (e.g., England 1982, 1984) and pointed to the role played by demand-side factors such as discrimination (England 1985). She has analyzed the devaluation of women's work and the implications for pay equity (England 1992) and has contributed cutting-edge scholarship on segregation and earnings inequality. Attention to families has been a component of her work throughout her career, par ticularly as families relate to employment (e.g., England and Farkas 1986). In short, any sociologist who studies gender, work, and family must take


In this paper the I shape antenna considered as CPW-Fed antenna type is loaded with zero order resonator (ZOR) for miniaturization effect, the antenna contains one slot as monopole bar related to the I shape antenna, the antenna is loaded with zigzag resonator (ZR) inserted between the two parts of the I shape antenna, an inter-digital capacitor is incorporated inside the lower part of the antenna. The aim of this work is to exhibit the miniaturization effect with an improvement of the gain and the bandwidth by zero order resonator insertion. The obtained results from HFSS simulation concerning CPW loaded with the zero order resonator show that the operating bandwidth is a (tri band) in the range of 1.85 GHz to 2.2 GHz as WLAN band, and 5.8 GHz to 6.2 GHz as Wifi and Wimax and 6.8 GHz to 8.2 GHz application.


In 1987, Japanese Antarctic Station Syowa was selected as one of the 36 subset (A) stations of the International Absolute Gravity Basestation Network (IAGBN) by International Association of Geodesy (IAG). National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR) established a gravity hut at Syowa Station and absolute gravity measurements started in the 1991-92 austral summer season. The first measurement was done by the 33rd Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-33) members from the Geographical Survey Institute (GSI) employing a GA60 gravimeter (BIPM-JAEGER/GSI) in January 1992. In the following season, JARE-34 carried out the second measurements using two gravimeters. The third measurement was made by JARE-36 of GSI members using FG5 absolute gravimeter (#104/GSI) in January-February 1995. To discuss the four absolute gravity values obtained at Syowa Station, NIPR organized a workshop on January 1996 and it was concluded at the workshop that the absolute gravity value at Syowa Station is as follows: g = 982524.327 mgal, S.D. = 0.015 mgal, φ = 69°00'27.035 S, λ = 39°35'06.372 E, h = 21.492 m.


The present invention relates to the technological process and product of one kind of granular urea fertilizer with urea as core and water-preserving cross-linked potassium acrylate polymer coating, which is formed through chemical polymerization reaction of acrylic acid, potassium hydroxide, cross-linking agent and initiator. The technological process has the advantages of no use of organic solvent and no pollution, and the produced water-preserving coated urea fertilizer is one kind of slowly releasing fertilizer with high water absorption and raised fertilizer and water utilization.


The article offers a quantitative analysis of the vocabulary of the Slovene-Russian dictionary including functional, syntagmatic, paradigmatic and epidigmatic parameters. As a result the lexico-semantic core of the Slovenian vocabulary has been discriminated.


Abstract Freshwater turtles are appropriate organisms for studying maternal investment in offspring because, unlike most long-lived vertebrates, turtles show high fecundities and most provide no parental care. We studied reproductive patterns of two emydine freshwater turtle species, the Texas river cooter (Pseudemys texana) and the red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) at Spring Lake, Hays County, Texas during the 2009 nesting season. Forty-six percent of all nesting Texas river cooters and 25% of all nesting red-eared sliders nested twice, with some Texas river cooters nesting more than twice. Mean egg mass, egg length, and egg width decreased in subsequent clutches in Texas river cooters. However, there was an insufficient sample size of subsequent clutches (n = 6) to draw conclusions for red-eared sliders. Red-eared sliders did not show a positive relationship between clutch size and body size. We found that in both species there was a positive relationship between egg width and egg mass in relation to maternal body size. However, only Texas river cooters showed a positive relationship between clutch size and maternal size, while only red-eared sliders showed a positive relationship between egg length and maternal size. By comparing reproductive parameters of these two coexisting populations, we concluded that the members of these two species allocate resources differently for reproduction.


Abstract A technique based on measurement of aldosterone in peripheral and left-adrenal venous plasma is described for the preoperative lateralisation of aldosterone-producing adenomas of the adren...


Purpose – the aim of this paper is to show the factors influencing the usage of information generated in the accounting systems in business management. Design/Methodology/Approach – the research method adopted for the implementation of the mentioned objective is the method of analysis of foreign literature, presenting the research findings related to the issue of usefulness of the information, which is generated by the accounting department in order to solve managerial problems. Findings – the findings from the research include the following factors that affect the usefulness of the accouning information by managers: 1) the accounting information should meet the specified information needs and requirements of quality; 2) the adoption by accountants the role "business partner" who support managers in making decisions, 3) the appropriate location of the accounting department in management structure (accountatns should be closer to the operational processes; users of accounting information); 4) impossibility of physical observation of the work progress (higher-lever managers more often use the accounting data). Originality/Value – accounting system plays a crucial role in the company's information system. Therefore, it is essential to identify the factors which can help accounting informations meet the managers requirements. Presented foreign research findings could be use as a basis for comparison with the research conducted in Polish business units.


The Internet of Things (IoT) has been widely applied in sensing systems, which connect various sensors and gather their information. Data fusion, which is to integrate multiple data representing the same real-world object into a consistent and accurate representation, is an important issue. Most of existing approaches of data fusion involve various analytical procedures whose high computational complexity usually requires massive computing resources. In this paper, an efficient data fusion approach is proposed. Stochastic models are presented to describe the measurements, and quantitative analyses are given to evaluate the efficacy of data fusion. Complex event processing engine is applied to improve the efficiency of data transmission and processing to meet the real-time demands. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted to validate the efficacy of the approach.


This paper analyzes the relation between technical advancement and changing economic growth method,and tax policy restricts technical advancement by simple mathematical model,then,offers!some suggestions for tax policy improvement in China.


When adding a new train to an existing timetable, this often has to be done in a way that gives an efficient train path for the added train, while the existing trains in the timetable only can be s ...


The effect of the four different media test on the dry weight, polysaccharide and amino nitrogen of the mycelium was investigated, the dynamics variation of the content was studied, the composition of the protein and the amino acid of the mycelium was analyzed. The results showed that the optimum media in the dry weight (g·L -1 )included: soybean powder 20,sucrose 20,yeast powder 15,the dry weight reached 23.73 g·L -1 ; the optimum media in the polysaccharide consisted of the peanut powder 20, glucose 20, yeast powder 15, the polysaccharide content was 14.28%; When liquid culturing at 72 h,the polysaccharide content reached the peak value of 10.35%, at 96 h the dry weight and the amino nitrogen content got the highest level of 23.73 g·L -1 and 1.25%; the protein content of the mycelium was 28.28% and the amino acids was 17.78%.


Oncology nurses in many roles, including educator, clinical specialist, manager, and nurse practitioner, frequently are involved in continuing-education (CE) activities. The rapidly changing field of oncology demands constant education of staff regarding new innovations in care, including new drugs and treatments available. A continuous need also exists for basic oncology education of new employees and graduates to address the key topics of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, pain and symptom management, and others. The authors, nurse researchers at City of Hope (COH) National Medical Center in Duarte, CA, have had the opportunity to implement several major CE programs over the past few years (see Table 1). Through this article, the authors hope to share some of the strategies they have found most effective in teaching oncology nurses. This article presents a summary of the educational programs from which the strategies were derived followed by a list of strategies synthesized from the projects.


(Ti, Al)N gradient nano-coating was deposited on the surface of 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV stainless steel by the MTP-8-800 arc ion plating equipment. And the oxidation performance at high temperature for 500h was tested under the condition of the surrounding air temperature 700℃. The test results show that, because of the structural features of the (Ti, Al)N coating, the coating becomes the compact and continuous Al_2O_3 film, which can protect the basis material effectively in the process of the high temperature oxidizing. The oxidation kinetics of the coating accord with parabolic law.


An LPI(Liquefied Petroleum Injection) gas injection system and a gas leakage preventing method and a poor start preventing method using the same are provided to reduce the amount of exhaust gas. An LPI gas injection system includes a fuel bombe(2), a gas injector(42), a fuel supply line(6) and a fuel return line(8), a fuel pump(10), a fuel pressure regulator(16), a pressure and temperature sensor(18), a cooling water temperature sensor, and an intake air temperature sensor. The fuel bombe is filled with LPG. The gas injector is mounted on a combustion chamber of an engine. The fuel supply line and the fuel return line connect the fuel bombe to the gas injector. The fuel pump is installed in the fuel bombe to supply the fuel into the gas injector. The fuel pressure regulator, the pressure and temperature sensor, the cooling water temperature sensor and the intake air temperature sensor are arranged in the fuel return line.


By most accounts, Greece's foreign policy choices since becoming a member of the European Union have been viewed as largely ineffective. Our paper seeks to account for the complexities, inconsistencies and changes in Greek foreign policy by looking at both domestic and international factors that impact foreign policy, within the framework of a two-level game. In other words, this paper argues that Greek foreign policy should be viewed as a multi-dimensional and complex two-level game that involves the interaction of Greece's international and domestic contexts. At the level of domestic politics, the paper will look at three elements in particular. These are the domestic Greek leadership preferences, coalition building strategies within the Greek political system, and the degree of issue polarization. We conclude that it is clear that an understanding of domestic politics helps us to better understand the motives behind foreign policy choices. This is true for large and small states alike. While small states like Greece may be seen to have less room to maneuver, given their greater vulnerability to the international environment, our cases illustrate that domestic politics indeed do play a significant role in shaping foreign policy decisions of Greece.


Because of the local cracks caused by the Portland cement's shrinkage,the durability of concrete becames descending.Adding the expansive agent in cement could produce the ettringite,which could expanse to compensate the shrinkage.But it was easy to ignore the condition of the ettringite's stability.With regarding to the hydraulic concrete,because of its bulk,sometimes the intrinsic temperature always exceeds 80℃.At this temperature,it could cause delayed ettringite formation(DEF).DEF would cause the devastating expansion in the late.In the marine environment,there is a lot of SO_4~(2-),which would attack the concrete.This would aggravate DEF at a certain extent.At the same time,the content of Cl~-and pH also influences DEF.So it is a very complicated process.


The main purpose of this study was to improve primary school second grade students' writing skills, through peer discussion activities within a web-based learning environment, by taking a "quasi-experimental design" in the experimental group and the control group experimental mode, we conducted experimental activities in two classes. Through the separation model, three to four people as one group, it allowed students to discuss with one another and to give comments on their stories, students should modify his/her own stories by following the comments that they gained from their peers. After five times of experimental activities, we analyzed students' performance and found that the students like to use the type of praise or remind comments when they give their peer suggestions. The more familiar with the experimental activities, the fewer scaffolding recommendations would be used by students. Instead, most of them would like to put comments on their own. Furthermore, the more they get involved in this experimental activities, the more holistically they would modify theirs' stories, not just the part that has been pointed out. Based on retrograde analysis of the interviews and questionnaires, it showed that peer discussion activities could act as motivations to keep on modifying their works and help to improve their writing skills.


hind the Lisp Kernel software, its design specifications, and the goals it attempts to serve. Next I will describe the current state of the system, including its basic data structures and categories of procedures, and what the system is capable of doing now. Then I will discuss some of the ways in which various people are now using the Lisp Kernel and some ideas for future development connected to it, including applications of artificial intelligence. Finally, there will be a brief review of other software systems whose ideas are related to those behind Lisp Kernel and some remarks on the desirability of writing software that can talk to other software.


A circuit comprising an active element (102), a driver circuit (108) for the active element (102) and a control logic (110) for providing a drive signal for the driver circuit (108). Furthermore, an interface circuit (112) is provided, comprising a primary port (114) for receiving a primary signal (120) and a secondary terminal (116) which is galvanically separated from the primary port (114). The interface circuit (112) is designed to provide the to the primary port (114) primary signal (120) received via the secondary connection (116) of the control logic (110), and to based received on the to the primary port (114) primary signal (120) provide a power supply signal (126) for the driver circuit (108) to the secondary terminal (116) by means of a rectifier circuit.


Under certain wave conditions, an immersed plate which is free to move horizontally produces what has already been called the oscillating water wall phenomenon. When this happens, the plate and the volume of fluid located under the plate move back and forth and then behave as a wave reflector. This type of breakwater was studied in a wave flume with monochromatic and irregular wave trains. Tests have provided a better understanding of the influence of certain parameters that define a plate and the hydraulic conditions under which the plate is used. Results show some interesting efficiencies and also transfert of the energy to harmonic frequencies.


The structures of 23 strong radio galaxies, all with angular size larger than 3 arcmin, have been observed with the Fleurs Synthesis Telescope (FST) at 1415 MHz with a resolution of 22 arcsec. Spectral index differences within the sources were investigated by omparing 843 MHz images made with the Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope (MOST) with FST images convolved to the same beam-size of 44 arcsec.


models by instabilities produced by of Che outer core. However, exsolution of from the and into the silicates also produce in viscosity probably an increase in buoyancy.


The article analyses the problems of macroeconomic policy implementation in an open economy with substantial external debt and current account deficit.


Objective To study the impact of bcl-2 and PTEN protein expressio in the malignant transformation of ovarian endometriosis.Methods Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the bcl-2 and PTEN protein expressions in 56 endometriosis patients.Results The positive bcl-2 protein expression rate of GroupⅢand GroupⅡwas apparently higher than that of GroupⅠ(P0.05).PTEN protein expression rate of GroupⅢwas lowerer than that of GroupⅡand GroupⅠ(P0.01) Conclusion It is possible that the over-expressions of bcl-2 protein and the lower expressions of PTEN protein play an important role in the malignant transformation of ovarian endometriosis.


Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly emerged disease caused by a previously unknown coronavirus [1–3]. It joins a long list of emerging infections [4]. However, unlike other contenders such as avian influenza, Nipah virus, Hendra virus or hantaviruses it has established the capacity for efficient human-to-human transmission and thus poses a major threat to international public health. For this reason, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has described SARS as the first serious and readily transmissible disease to emerge in the 21st century [5].


The general objective of the research was determine the relationship of the development of skills of the communicative approach in the learning of the English language in the students of the universidad Jaime Bausate y Meza de Lima in 2016. The type of research was descriptive and the level applied, the method and design of research was correlational. The population was made up of students from the 1st to the 5th cycle of the Faculty of journalism of the Universidad Jaime Bausate y Meza, the sample consisted of 80 students of the fifth cycle of the Faculty mentioned by sampling intentional non-probability. The instrument used to collect information about the variables was the questionnaire consisting of 34 items measured using nominal scale; in the case of the first variable of the communicative approach in development were measured 3 aspects: level of interaction, dynamic process and teaching profile and for the learning of the English language variable, 4 aspects were considered: Management writing, listening skills, fluency in the pronunciation, reading management. The instrument was validated by 3 experts depending on the validity of content. For the checking of the hypothesis is used the statistician Rho of Spearman that measured variable qualitative with a margin of error of 0.05. It concludes that:
1. El development of the communicative approach is positively related to management of writing English.
2. The development of the approach to communicative is related positively with them skills hearing of the language English.
3. The development of the approach communicative is associated positively with the fluidity in the pronunciation of the language English.
4. The development of the approach communicative is associated positively with the management of the reading of the language English.


【This paper presents a wide dynamic range complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor with column capacitor and feedback structure. The designed circuit has been fabricated by using $0.18{\mu}m$ 1-poly 6-metal standard CMOS technology. This sensor has dual mode operation using combination of active pixel sensor (APS) and passive pixel sensor (PPS) structure. The proposed pixel operates in the APS mode for high-sensitivity in normal light intensity, while it operates in the PPS mode for low-sensitivity in high light intensity. The proposed PPS structure is consisted of a conventional PPS with column capacitor and feedback structure. The capacitance of column capacitor is changed by controlling the reference voltage using feedback structure. By using the proposed structure, it is possible to store more electric charge, which results in a wider dynamic range. The simulation and measurement results demonstrate wide dynamic range feature of the proposed PPS.】


The study of activated carbons derived from agricultural wastes for instance coconut shell, rice husk, palm oil kernel, etc. has been vastly investigated coherent to promising used as ion storage, absorbent and also employed in energy generation. The activated carbon made from rice husk was selected for the study owing to large abundance of disposal and indicate potential to be transformed to advanced materials. The rice husk undergone sequence steps of carbonization and activation processes under inert atmosphere at the temperature low than 1000°C to form the activated carbon rice husk. The activated carbon rice husk obtained indicates high surface area of 2486 m2/g and porosity range under micropores less than to 2 nm. The further activation using carbon dioxide was not seen enhance the porosity of activated carbon rice husk to mesopores, but on the other hand the honeycomb structure of resultant activated carbon rice husk was observed collapsed with the increasing of soaking times during activation. The char or carbon was generated at the temperature above 400°C and the removal of volatile materials and moisture happened at the temperature less than 350°C according to the thermal behavior study on rice husk using thermogravimetric analyzer. The nanopores activated carbon rice husk provide useful data for further investigation on other types of agricultural wastes thus anticipated can reduce dependency on available engineered carbon.


Cottage Grove, MN – Cats have unique needs, and True Companions VetVan is committed to ensuring that those needs are taken into account, and that cats throughout the Twin Cities get top-notch care in the most comfortable environment – their homes. As evidence of that dedication, the VetVan has been awarded a Cat Friendly Practice (CFP) designation by the American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP) – the first time this has ever been awarded to any mobile practice anywhere.


Various models have been proposed for frost heave estimation. However, a practical evaluation method for multi-dimensional deformation has not yet been established. This study aimed to discuss the possibility of expanding the existing evaluation method into three dimensions based on previous experience on simulating interactive behavior between a chilled gas pipeline and frost heave. Takashi's equation was adopted among several frost heave models considered; this model has been used to estimate one-dimensional frost heave according to the Japanese Geotechnical Standard. A new three-dimensional frost heave apparatus was developed to apply Takashi's equation to multi-dimensional heave, and a modified equation was proposed based on the experimental results. Considering the effect of anisotropic properties on frost heave, this proposal was adopted for a simulation program by coupling the heat transfer calculation and mechanical equilibrium analysis in a finite element method (FEM) model. The simulation results are presented in this paper as an example to confirm the proposed model's applicability.