e12100 Background: The use of neoadjuvant treatment has increased over the past decade due to its ability to assess tumour sensitivity to systemic treatment in vivo, and to downstage women for increased breast conserving surgery. Recent studies have stratified patients with residual disease to receive additional treatment, which has resulted in meaningful improvements in survival. However, meta-analysis data suggest similar long-term outcomes for patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) compared to adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in historical randomized trials. The comparative efficacy in a real-world setting utilizing modern chemotherapy regimens is unknown. Methods: A retrospective review of the BC Cancer Breast Cancer Outcomes Unit (BCOU) was performed to identify patients with stage I-III HER-2 negative breast cancer treated with chemotherapy at the BC Cancer Agency from 2005-2010. Patients were then divided into 2 groups: those who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and those who received adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). A matched analysis (age, stage, subtype) for patients treated with NACT vs ACT (matched 1:3) was then performed using a propensity scoring method to compare distant disease-free survival (DDFS), breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS). No patients received adjuvant chemotherapy for residual disease after NACT. Results: A total of 656 patients met the inclusion criteria, consisting of 164 NACT and 492 ACT cases. Median age was 49 years (37-68) in the NACT group vs 49 (37-65) in the ACT group (p = 0.71). The majority had stage 3 disease, 64% in both groups (p = 1.0). Most were hormone receptor positive (HR+), 67.1% vs 70.7% in the NACT vs ACT groups, respectively (p = 0.41). 5-year DDFS was 75% with NACT (95%CI 67, 82) and 77% with ACT (95%CI 72, 81), p = 0.87. 5-year OS for patients treated with NACT was 77% (95%CI 71, 84) and 80% (95%CI 75, 85) for patients treated with ACT, p = 0.33. 5-year BCSS was 80% with NACT (95% CI 70, 86) and 82% (95%CI 77, 86) with ACT, p = 0.75. Multivariate analysis for tumour size, nodal involvement and subtype are ongoing. Conclusions: The use of NACT compared to ACT in a population-based setting did not result in significant differences in DDFS, OS or BCSS. Acknowledging the comparative efficacy of these approaches will be informative to determine if the addition of subsequent adjuvant treatment for patients with residual disease after NACT will lead to differential benefits in a population-based setting.


The perturbation seen in the experimental differential elastic-scattering cross section for the 40-eV ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ + Ne system has been attributed to a single crossing of two intermolecular potential-energy curves. A new theoretical treatment of the curve-crossing problem, namely, that of Delos and Thorson, is employed to obtain the crossing probabilities and phases associated with the crossing. These are determined by utilizing ab initio potentials involved in the crossing and are further used in a partial-wave calculation of the cross section, which is compared with our experiment. The origin of the oscillatory structure observed in the differential cross section is discussed in semiclassical terms by defining the problem in terms of two pseudo-deflection-functions. A rainbow effect is shown to be related to a particular feature (a maximum rather than a minimum) of these deflection functions.


Fully automated text mining systems promote efficient literature searching, retrieval, and review but are not sufficient to produce ready-to-consume curated documents. These systems are not meant to replace curators, but they can assist in one or more biocuration steps. To do so, the interface with the curator is an important aspect that needs to be considered for tool adoption. The BioCreative Interactive task (IAT) is a track designed for exploring user-system interactions, promoting development of useful text mining tools, and providing a communication channel for the biocuration and the text mining communities. In BioCreative IV, nine text mining systems and around fifty curators participated in the IAT. Two levels of user participation with different commitment were offered to broaden curator involvement and obtain more feedback on usability aspects. The full level participation involved training on the system, curation of a set of documents with and without text mining assistance, tracking of time on task, and completion of the user survey. The partial level participation was designed to focus on usability aspects of the interface and not the performance per se. In this case, curators navigated the system by performing pre-defined tasks and they were asked whether they were able to achieve the task and how difficult it was to do it. In this manuscript, we describe many aspects of the development of the interactive task, from planning to execution, and discuss some preliminary findings for the systems tested. Introduction BioCreative: Critical Assessment of Information Extraction in Biology is an international community-wide effort that evaluates text mining (TM) and information extraction (IE) systems applied to the biomedical domain (http://www.biocreative.org/) (1-5). A unique characteristic of this effort is its collaborative and interdisciplinary nature, as it brings together experts from various fields, including TM, biocuration, publishing houses and bioinformatics. Therefore, each competition is tailored towards specific needs of these communities. In particular, BioCreative has been working closely with biocurators to understand the various curation workflows, the text


Starting from December 2018, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is going to interrupt its physic operations for more than two years within the period called second long shutdown (LS2). The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment will undergo the biggest upgrade of its experimental beam vacuum system since the first operations in 2008. The new experimental vacuum layout should comply with demanding structural, vacuum, integration and physics requirements. Moreover, the new layout should be compatible with foreseen engineering changes of the detector and the machine during the upgrade phase of High-Luminosity LHC in LS3. This paper gives an overview of the CMS LS2 experimental vacuum sectors upgrades. Both design and production phase of the new vacuum layout is discussed in detail. INTRODUCTION The CMS experiment is one of two general-purpose detectors installed in the LHC. His detector is located in point 5 in the vicinity of French village Cessy. Experimental cavern, located 90 meters under the surface level (UXC55), houses 21 meters long per 15 meters in diameter of 14 000 tonnes heavy detector. The CMS experiment has been designed to operate with nominal LHC parameters, meaning p-p collisions at energy 6.5 TeV, number of bunches 2808 and peak luminosity 1034 cm-2s-1 [1]. Figure 1: General layout of the CMS experiment [2]. EXPERIMENTAL VACUUM LAYOUT Experimental vacuum layout of the detector is located between the first focusing inner triplet quadrupoles, Q1L5 and Q1R5. According to the LHC coordinate system, this area is located symmetrically at about ±22 meter around the IP5. It consists of three beam vacuum sectors (A1L5.X, IP5.X and A1R5.X) operating at room temperature. Sectors A1L5.X and A1R5.X are about one meter long and accommodates beam instrumentation and vacuum assemblies used for injection and pump-down of the ultrapure neon during maintenance phases of the detector. Vacuum chambers, belonging to the sector IP5.X, traverse from the LHC tunnel though front quadrupole absorber (TAS) into the UXC55. The schematic layout of CMS vacuum sectors, from the Q1L5 towards the IP is shown in figure 2. Figure 2: CMS experimental vacuum layout. UPGRADE DURING THE LS2 The experimental beam vacuum layout will undergo a major upgrade in 2020 [2, 3]. Motivation for engineering changes included within this upgrade is: • Reduction of radiation dose obtained by personnel during interventions; • Extension of forward calorimetry range [2]; • Anticipate the HL-LHC aperture changes. In order to minimize impact of LS3 changes on the new vacuum layout, it was decided to upgrade also the central beryllium chamber because the existing one will no longer be compatible with foreseen LS3 pixel detector. Dose reduction by material change Existing experimental vacuum chambers are mostly made of 316L stainless steel. As the level of induced radioactivity (neutron activation) is an important parameter for work dose planning, the experimental vacuum chambers for post LS2 era and HL-LHC should be manufactured using low Z materials. Aluminium alloys EN AW-2219 (chamber segments) and EN AW-5083 (bellows) represents materials already proved by a successful period of machine operations. Aluminium alloys, compared to stainless steel, provide more than 5 times reduction of induced radioactivity [4]. End-cap angle reduction Geometry of vacuum chambers installed within the IP5.X must comply with requirements set by physics, background to the detector and available mechanical envelope of the detector. Shape of vacuum chambers 9th International Particle Accelerator Conference IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada JACoW Publishing ISBN: 978-3-95450-184-7 doi:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-WEPMF090


Since the flame of high intense low NOx gas turbine combustion systems is stabilized by swirl, the analysis of the swirl flow is very crucial to the design and optimization of such combustion systems. Although a huge amount of publications have been provided on this field just a few have used Large Eddy Simulation due to limits in computer resources. Using Large Eddy Simulation the large vortical structure of the flow is resolved leading to a much better insight of the flow features. Hence, in this paper the Large Eddy Simulation has been applied to investigate the non reacting confined swirling flow downstream of a gas turbine burner. A high accuracy of the prediction of the full three dimensional simulation could be pointed out by comparison of the computational results to measurements. Further the large vortical structure and the dynamic behavior of the flow has been analyzed. The formation of a precessing vortex core is visualized. Due to the precessing motion of the central recirculation zone an alternate vortex shedding at the edges of the burner nozzle is induced. From LES Strouhal numbers for the vortex shedding process are calculated which are confirmed by hot wire measurements.Copyright © 2001 by ASME


A molecular model for positron complexes is used to show that the geometry relaxation of the parent molecule plays an important role in the determination of the positron affinity. An application is presented to the [urea;e+] complex.


Internet is mainly formed by client/server structure in an early stage,lots of resources gather in few server nodes,it's difficult to provide user convenient and fast sevices,purely depends on complex load balance algorithm and fault tolerant algorithm,thus P2P technology was born.This paper mainly discusses the security technology of P2P.


With the emergence of mobile technologies, students' access to computing devices is omnipresent, as is their ability to collaborate through multiple modalities. This 21stcentury affordance has generated a shift in the way preservice teachers are prepared to use, understand. and interact with social media (e.g., blogs) during their academic years. This paradigmatic shift involves a movement toward a participatory culture using Web 2.0 technologies—dynamic environments that are not limited to the interactions of academic classrooms. These changes present both new types of challenges and vast opportunities for teacher educators. Based on repeated observation of minimal interaction amongst members of a peer cohort, a research study was conducted to analyze the interactions of three students who consistently posted comments on each other's blogs in contrast to the trends found in their cohort. Analysis of their posts and comments illuminated preservice teacher expectations for science teaching roles and how preservice teachers applied their expectations when commenting on their peers. These interactions were professional in nature and revealed that previously established interpersonal relationships did not alter the type of interactions that occurred.


The present invention discloses a polycrystalline silicon solar cell slice coding method, coding body is formed according to the number of grains of the polycrystalline silicon sheet four sides arranged in accordance with the order, the order of the arrangement as a calibration sequence VerifyCode; calibrate the starting side as starting additional code; encoding the subject, order additional code and additional code combinations starting the formation of the polysilicon film to mark encoding. Beneficial effects: the present invention can be encoded separately for each wafer, thus facilitating the silicon wafer suppliers and downstream accurately traced all the links of each wafer manufacturers and manufacturing information, and the encoded information will not turnaround processing or lost.


To investigate the relationship between the milling degree and color of milled rice, an empirical whiteness model was developed according to the milling degree from using paddy of three different varieties of Chuchung, Nampyong and Odae. The values of determination coefficient and the root mean square error between measured and predicted whiteness were 0.990, 0.877, respectively, and the whiteness model was proved to be quite applicable. The relationships between whiteness values and color factors in several color systems were tested to select useful color factors for development of convenient whiteness meter. The whiteness value of milled rice according to degree of milling could be converted into b and Hunter whiteness in Lab color system. B in RGB color system at high values of determination coefficient were 0.990, 0.985, and 0.989, respectively.


"After leaving China, I willnot cease to follow with thesame interest the efforts ofChinese women, peopleand government for a betterfuture for all."


Business development in this digital era has encouraged many companies to innovate in order to maximize profits. This has driven management to make precise final decisions, one of which is using differential accounting analysis as a tool to analyze options between produce or purchase internet vouchers from Haikal Tronik. The purpose of this research is to examine the cost-effectiveness of Haikal Tronik's expenses using differential accounting analysis, particularly in decision-making between producing or purchasing products from an internet voucher supplier. The research method employed is quantitative descriptive. The data obtained include interview results, the company's general profile, direct documentation, and data related to costs incurred in relation to internet vouchers during Haikal Tronik's operations. These data were processed by classification and comparison between the alternatives of producing and purchasing. The research results from the differential accounting perspective show that if Haikal Tronik chooses to buy from the supplier, it will gain a profit of Rp 97,015,524. On the other hand, if it chooses to produce in-house, the resulting profit will be Rp 33,157,220. Therefore, purchasing is a more profitable option than producing internet vouchers.


A 69-year-old man with a 2-day history of chest pain was admitted to our hospital. His ECG was consistent with acute coronary syndrome (Figure 1A) and troponin I was elevated (>50 ng/mL). Coronary angiography showed a totally occluded circumflex with extensive intraluminal thrombus but no other obstructive disease (Figure 1B). Because the chest pain had completely resolved and this was a late-presentation myocardial infarction, management was medical. Echocardiography on day 6 showed inferolateral wall akinesis (Figure 1C and 1D) but preserved overall left ventricular (LV) function. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging 24 hours later to assess for viability showed an area of extreme thinning in the inferolateral wall due to myocardial rupture contained by overlying pericardium (Figure 1E and 1F, arrow, and online-only Data Supplement Movie I). Images acquired early after gadolinium contrast showed a layer of thrombus overlying the area of rupture (Figure 1G, arrow) and extensive no-reflow within the inferolateral wall (Figure 1G, arrowheads). Review of the echo images revealed an area in the inferolateral wall that could be …


Fresh fruit of Rosa roxburghii Tratt has attracted great interest and is used in many functional products in China. However, fresh fruits are perishable products with quite short shelf lives and few studies have focused on dried fruits. Therefore, this study aimed to explore whether the drying process can be used to preserve bioactive components of R roxburghii fruits by comparing phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activities between fresh and dried fruit. As result, a total of 95 compounds, mainly including organic acids, phenols, and flavonoids, were identified in fresh and dried fruits by using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry. The relative quantitative result showed that contents of phenols and acylamide were significantly higher (p < .05) in dried fruit. Furthermore, dried fruit showed stronger antioxidant activity by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging ability and ferric reducing antioxidant power. This research suggested that dried R roxburghii fruit could be considered a more effective and economical health and functional source for functional food and industry.


Background: SEPP1 encodes selenoprotein P, which involved in oxidative stress and plays an important role in the development of preeclampsia (PE). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between PE and genetic variants of SEPP1 in Chinese Han women. Methods: In all, 2434 unrelated pregnant women were recruited, including 1034 PE cases and 1400 normal pregnant controls. TaqMan allelic discrimination real-time PCR method was used to genotype the 2 polymorphisms of rs7579 and rs230813 in SEPP1. Results: No statistically significant difference in genotypic or allelic frequencies were found at the 2 genetic variants in SEPP1 between PE patients and controls (rs7579: genotype &khgr;2 = 2.417, P = .299 and allele &khgr;2 = 0.197, P = .761, odds ratio 1.049, 95% confidence interval 0.744–1.151; rs230813: genotype &khgr;2 = 3.273, P = .195 and allele &khgr;2 = 0.252, P = .615, odds ratio 0.971, 95% confidence interval 0.864–1.091). There were also no statistically significant differences in genetic distributions between mild/severe PE or early/late-onset PE and control subgroups. Conclusion: Our data indicate that the 2 genetic variants of rs7579 and rs230813 in SEPP1 may not play a role in the pathogenesis of PE in Chinese Han Women.


This dissertation by an evangelical scholar introduces current thinking about Jonathan Edwards' views of passions, affections and emotions, and then takes its own position. The views of Augustine, Aquinas, Reformed and post-Reformed theologians, and John Locke serve as background. The author argues that Edwards' thinking is in line with traditional Christianity and different from modern concepts of emotions. The reviewer was not convinced by all conclusions.


High-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy has been applied to investigate the anisotropy of the GaAs(001)-beta2(2x4) reconstruction. Measurements have been performed on high-quality samples grown in situ by molecular beam epitaxy. The loss intensity is different in the directions parallel and perpendicular to dimers, particularly close to the fundamental gap. We discuss our data in comparison to reflectance anisotropy spectra in the attempt of identifying the source of the anisotropy close to the bulk critical points where surface and bulk like transitions take place. We find direct evidence of transitions involving the dimers of the top atomic layer. The set of data taken on As-decapped surfaces indicates that the intensity of the structures is markedly affected by the As cap removal. The exposure to increasing amounts of molecular oxygen modifies the spectral features in a way consistent with their surface origin.


Prairie voles ( Microtus ochrogaster ) were held at 5°C or 23°C and fed an energy concentrate or energy dilute diet in a factorial design. With greater energy needs (temperature effects), small intestine tissue mass, mass with contents, and small intestine length increased by an average of 21%. Caecal length, wet tissue mass, and dry tissue mass increased 12%, 17%, and 12%, respectively, while mass of caecal tissues with contents increased 38%. Reduced energy availability (increased food fiber) accounted for a decrease of 14% in small intestine wet tissue mass, but increases of 11%, 46%, 13%, and 13% in caecal length, mass with contents, wet and dry tissue mass. Large intestine dry tissue mass increased with reduced energy availability, and there was a significant interaction between food and energy effects on wet tissue mass. Dry matter content of prairie vole digesta is high compared to larger herbivores, possibly compensating for a low ratio of gut capacity to metabolic requirement. Changes in organ size are explained in terms of function.


19 PRACE ORYGINALNE Abstract Introduction. A number of investigations was published with different clinical and scientific approach to Periotest® and Ostell® measurements in the last decade. Attempts were made to assess Ostell® and Periotest® prognostic measurement values in terms of the success of implant treatment as one value or threshold level measurement. Aim of the study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of PTV measurements as a method of secondary implant stability and the quality of implant bone zone assessment. Material and methods. Thirty two implant fixtures of five different systems were evaluated during prosthetic phase after second stage surgery. The study was conducted using Periotest® (Siemens AG, Benshein, Germany). The following parameters were taken into account: location of an implant in lower or upper dental arch, selection of located supragingivally and occlusally abutment measurement points and length with diameter of the implant body. Abutment measurement points were chosen in two distant clinically accessible locations: on the occlusal free end margin and on the most gingival accessible surface of the connected abutment. Results. The lowest and highest measured PTV value were -8 and +8. The average of differences between gingivally and occlusally measured PTV values for maxilla and mandible was 2.95 ± 1.6 and 3.33 ± 2.0 respectively. Conclusions. The use of PTV Periotest® measurements in two extremely distant points on the implant abutment is clinically objective, non-invasive method of assessing implant bone zone quality before functional load. Smaller calculated PTV difference can predict better prognosis for occlusal load planning protocol.


This paper examines the origins of ancient political thinking from (roughly) 750 to 348 B.C. The analysis of authors who had been discussing political questions over this period shows that ancient political thinking can be classified into three discourses: political thought, political theory, and political philosophy. The purpose of this paper is to define the characteristics of each discourse and to illustrate them with specific historical examples which show how these discourses interacted with the Greek political experiences and how political thought transformed into a theory and philosophy.


A coupler for inducing chemical drug comprises a negative joint coupler and a positive joint coupler; said negative joint coupler comprises fixing part with internal thread, external thread, pressurized salient at the center and air inlet hole at the bottom, and connecting pipe connected with fixing part and extending downwards; said postive joint coupler comprises: main bracket, which is a hollow cylinder and on the upside and downside of which is fixing flutes with internal thread and side holes; hollow stick, inserting into the main bracket, the upper end of which is fixed on the upside ofmain bracket and has internal thread; cylinder part, the outside surface of upper end has external thread and the lower end projects out forming blocking platform; assistant bracket, inserting from outside of the cylinder part and forming external thread at the lower end; fluid switch part, arranged at the lower part inside the hollow stick; connecting part, connected with the upper end of hollow stick; air inlet opening, connected with the main bracket's side hole; sealing cover, sealing the connecting parts and the air inlet opening.


A storage battery device outer-package material comprises: a base material layer; a metal foil layer formed above one surface of the base material layer with an adhesion layer interposed therebetween; and a sealant layer disposed above the surface of the metal foil layer opposite to the base material layer. In the storage battery device outer-package material, the base material layer contains a polyester resin containing a polyester elastomer and/or an amorphous polyester.


The North Dakota Department of Transportation (NDDOT) has installed two fixed automated spray technology (FAST) systems. One system is installed at the Interstate 29 (I-29) Buxton Bridge (near Buxton, ND), while the second installation is at the Interstate 94 (I-94) Red River Bridge between Fargo, ND, and Moorhead, MN. This study evaluates the two existing FAST systems to assist in determining if additional systems are feasible. This study has three main objectives: 1) describe how the FAST systems work; 2) document how the current NDDOT FAST systems perform related to treating the bridge decks; and 3) analyze the benefits and costs of the systems.


Amidst pricturesque settings the Foundation-Stone of the National Metallurgical Laboratory, one of the five National Research Laboratories planned by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, was laid at Jamshedpur on 21st November 1946, by the Hon'ble Mr. C. Rajagopalachari, Minister for Education and Arts, Interim National Government. A large and representatives of iron and steel industry were present.


Objective To find the correlation between energy metabolic changes and cellular proliferation of the intestine after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. Methods Forty eight Wistar rats were divided into six groups: control group, shock group, resuscitation 0.5, 1, 2 and 6 hours groups (n = 8 in each group). The specimens of the jejunum, ileum and colon were made using a hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation model. The contents of ATP, ADP and AMP were measured by HPLC. Other sixty four Wister rats were divided into eight groups: control group, shock group and resuscitation 2 , 6 , 12 , 24 , 72 hours and 7 days groups (n = 8 in each group). The capability of proliferation of the intestinal epithelium was measured by using 3HTdR. Results The ATP content of the intestinal tissue was significantly decreased after hemorrhagic shock, being 26.3% 39.7% of the control. After resuscitation, it was increased slowly and was 63.5%~67.7% of the control 6 hours after resuscitation. The proliferation of the intestinal epithelium was significantly suppressed during hemorrhagic shock and at the early stage (2 hours) after resuscitation. However, it was remarkably increased at 12 hours, peaked at 72 hours after resuscitation and returned to normal at 7 days. Conclusions The intestinal epithelial proliferation is in accordance with the energy recovery after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation.


The anisotropy and polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) induced by the scalar and tensor metric perturbations are computed in the long-wavelength limit. It is found that the large-scale polarization of CMBR induced by the decaying tensor mode can reach a few percents. This is different from the scalar or inflation-induced tensor mode, whereas the polarization is at least two orders of magnitude lower. The effect of matter re-ionization on CMBR is also considered. We conclude that measuring the polarization of CMBR on large-angular scales can probe the ionization history of the early Universe, and test different cosmological models.


Visualization and interpretation of deep learning models' prediction is a very important area of research in machine learning nowadays. Researchers are not only focused on generating a model with good performance, but also they want to trust the model. Our aim in this thesis is to adapt existing interpretation methods to a protein-protein binding site prediction problem to visualize and understand the model's prediction and learning pattern. We present three deep learning-based interpretation methods: sensitivity analysis, saliency map and integrated gradients to analyze the amino acid residues which create positive and negative relevance to the deep learning models' prediction. As our applications use sliding window protocol, we are particularly interested in learning patterns of the model and identify the important positions. Also, we want to focus on the feature importance through Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME). With our experiment we observe that, in spite of using various features, position specific scoring matrices (PSSM) is identified as the most important feature that helps the model to identify positive classes. As PSSM's importance is proven historically, this finding gives us a strong biological significance as well.


Percutaneous valved stent implantation is precluded in small infants because large delivery sheaths and large devices. We describe a procedure in a 1‐year‐old boy in whom a 19 mm Epic™ valve in tricuspid position had become dysfunctional. As the internal diameter of the prosthetic valve was about 16 mm, the only available valve was the Melody™ valved stent. Technical modifications were required to address issues like venous access, the bulky delivery system, and the length of the valved stent. The Melody™ valved stent was surgically trimmed and mounted on a 16 mm Tyshak balloon, access was provided transhepatically through a short 18 Fr sheath. After deployment, the intrahepatic route was sealed with two vascular plugs (8 and 10 mm) in tandem. The procedure was uncomplicated with perfect valve function 18 months after implant. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


In this present work, the static analysis of multilayered laminated composite spherical and cylindrical shells by using an inverse hyperbolic shear deformation theory (IHSDT) is presented. A non-polynomial shear strain shape functions (combination of inverse hyperbolic function) is used in the present theory which more accurately maps the shear strain in the transverse direction. The present IHSDT also produce results for plate as a special case. By implementing the purposed displacement field along with the strain-displacement relations, and constitutive relations in the virtual work principle, the governing equation are obtained in terms of five field variables. These equations are then solved using Navier-type, closed form solutions. The bending results are presented for cylindrical and spherical shells for simply supported boundary conditions. These shells are subjected to sinusoidal, distributed and point loads in transverse direction. The results are provided for thick to thin as well as shallow and deep shells. The present results are compared with the layer wise theory and with several other well-known higher order shear deformation theories (HSDTs). Further, the finite element numerical solutions are also presented for various other boundary conditions and compared with present IHSDT results and as well with various other HDST theories. The comparison of the present results reveals the applicability and validity of IHSDT both in analytical and finite element framework.


Velva is a frozen food product similar to ice cream, but velva has lower fat content. Velva contains high crude fiber and vitamin contents that come from fruits and vegetables. Pineapples and carrots were chosen as the main ingredients to produce velva. Yellow color from pineapple was found to be less attractive, so that the addition of orange color from carrots 77 make it more attractive. A stabilizer is needed to produce velva with appropriate characteristics such as smooth texture and hard-melted. The stabilizers used in this study was kappa-carrageenan. The research aimed to examine the effect of the various kappa-carrageenan concentration on the physicochemical properties (first drip, flow rate, color, and pH) of the carrot-pineapple velva. Based on the results of the study, it was found that by using kappa-carrageenan with a concentration of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1% (w/w) produced the first drip at 132.67 - 420.83 seconds with flow rate 1.41-0.55 cm/seconds, color with parameters lightness 47.45-47.50, redness +9.97 - +10.52, yellowness +17.50 - +18.33, chroma 20.79-21.57, and °hue 58.39 – 60.73, and pH 4.53-4.59. An increase in the concentration of kappa-carrageenan produces a thicker velva, so it is necessary to examine its organoleptic properties further.


BzMA/styrene random copolymers were synthesized in bulk (molar feed compositions f BZMA,0 = 10-90 mol-%) at 90 °C by NMP with about 10% free SG1 relative to BlocBuilder initiator. Reactivity ratios (r BZMA = 0.86 ± 0.36, r styrene = 0.27 ± 0.14) were comparable to those reported by conventional radical polymerization. Linear M n increase with conversion was observed up to ∼50% conversion, and all copolymers had low M w /M n = 1.2-1.4. The ( = average propagation rate constant and = average equilibrium constant) exponentially increased with increasing f B,AAA,0 . Chain extensions with styrene at 110 °C initiated by BzMA/styrene copolymers made with f BZAMA,0 90 mol-% were not, based on GPC and 31 P NMR results.


A fluid pervious topsheet suitable for use on an absorbent article is disclosed. The topsheet includes an apertured, three-dimensional, macroscopically expanded, fluid pervious web having a textured wearer-contacting surface. The composite web permits liquids to penetrate while providing an improved, less plastic-like feel and visual aesthetics. The process of the present invention, in one embodiment, comprises extruding a polymeric film onto a forming structure, applying a pneumatic pressure to the film to cause the film to be urged into substantial conformance with the forming structure, and depositing a particulate material on said film while the film is in a semi-molten state. In another embodiment, the process of the present invention comprises extruding a polymeric film onto a forming structure, depositing a particulate material on the film while the film is in a semi-molten state to form a composite web, and applying a pneumatic pressure to the film to cause the film to be urged into substantial conformance with the forming structure.


Abstract : High purity GaAs has been compounded in pyrolytic boron nitride (PBN) ware. Semi-insulating GaAs single crystals have been grown by the liquid encapsulation technique. High purity InP has been compounded in PBN boats and single crystals of InP have been grown by the high pressure liquid encapsulation technique. Liquid phase epitaxial layers of GaAs have been grown on a semi-insulating substrate that has been etched with an in-situ gallium etch prior to growth. (Author)


Thesis discussing land ownership, written with the intention of highlighting the gaps and shortcomings in the laws governing the organization of land ownership. With chapters on the origin, transmission and territorial division of property, the determination of land ownership, demarcation, fenced properties, limits and open properties. Includes an inserted newspaper extract, 'Almanaque', discussing agricultural laws


The present invention relates to a power generating apparatus for use with the rise and fall of the wave motion energy. Typically, the sea weather changes, geological activity, bird phenomena such as complex Danang so steadily generating waves as a function of the cause, the present invention in order to get power using the kinetic energy with this rise and fall of the waves movement emerged above sea level power chamber and the conversion of the float 10, a rise and fall motion energy of the buoyancy chamber, the float 10, the float 10 is located at the upper end of which is located at the lower end of the float 10 in the force, which, a fixed rope and 20, the float operating in conjunction with an external constant fixed point and a power chamber between the 10 and power rope and 30 to increase or decrease its own length, the power rope for restraining the float 10 are parameters to the operation procedure as the power generator 40 to generate power, in conjunction with the power generator by constructing a power transmitters 43 for transmitting power to the generator and so on without further energy consumption of facilities such as electric It will have an effect that allows you to procure the necessary power to the former and life.


The given paper focuses on the proxemic code of culture and the related processes of information coding and decoding underlying the proxemic behavior of communicants. The author aims at working out a classification for the principal levels of analysis of proxemic organization of communication.


Moisture and ageing in power transformer strongly influence the dielectric properties of oil/paper insulation system. Moisture measurement in oil sample generally gives inconclusive information since oil/paper moisture equilibrium is temperature dependent and takes a long time to be in equilibrium. Direct moisture measurement of paper sample is not practicable for in-service transformers. The measurement and evaluation of the ldquodielectric responserdquo is one possible way of diagnosing a transformer insulation condition. In a recent research project, return voltage measurement has been used for assessing the condition of oil/paper insulation. The return voltage measurement analysis is a non-destructive dielectric testing method for determining the ageing process and moisture content of insulation materials in a transformer. This paper presents a description of return voltage measurement principle explanation and the influencing factors. Furthermore, by analyzing large number of field test data, the criterion of oil-paper ageing is also presented.


Polarization and micro-Doppler signatures are widely used for target detection and recognition in harsh sensing environments. However, accurately estimating polarization scattering matrices and Doppler frequencies of scattering centers (SCs) remains challenging. This letter incorporates the multichannel spectrum interpolation (MSI) with the CLEAN algorithm. The proposed algorithm can estimate the Doppler frequencies and scattering matrices of target SC from fully polarized data with high precision. Compared with the traditional detection-after-imaging workflow, the proposed method takes an iterative suppression technique, which improves the estimation accuracy and reduces detection time. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified based on the simulation and actual radar data. The estimation accuracy measured by polarized similarity is 99.9%, and the normalized root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of the estimated Doppler frequency is 4.8% in simulation.


The objective of this work was to study the biosurfactant production of two indigenous organisms isolated from auto-mechanic polluted soil environment and to evaluate their oil recovery efficiency. In this study, six bacteria were isolated from auto-mechanic polluted soil environment. Isolated strains were identified by morphological, biochemical, and physiological characterization. Among these, two isolates (Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp.) were further selected and used for the production of biosurfactant. Bacillus and Pseudomonas species were grown in mineral salt medium (MSM) with addition of 3% (w/v) glucose. In the growth kinetic study, the maximum biosurfactant production occurred at 120 h of incubation (2.2 g/l) and maximum biomass was observed at 120 h (3.2 g/l) for Bacillus isolate. While for Pseudomonas isolate, the maximum biosurfactant production occurred at 96 h of incubation (2 g/l) and maximum biomass at 72 h (2.6 g/l). Different nitrogen sources as well as the effect of salinity and temperature were evaluated for their effect on biosurfactant production. Yeast extract and sodium nitrate was the best nitrogen source for the production of biosurfactant by Bacillus and Pseudomonas isolates, respectively. The environmental factors such as temperature 30 o C and salinity (0.2% w/v) were found to be optimum for the biosurfactant production. The stability of the biosurfactant was investigated at different salinities and temperature. The biosurfactant was effective at very low concentrations over a wide range of temperature and salt concentration. The results obtained showed that the biosurfactants have a good oil recovery efficiency thus being more attractive to be applied in microbial enhanced oil recovery.


This paper is a review of current research on the effects of children's exposure to domestic violence in the home in regard to their psychological well-being. Specific areas of focus include studies that examine general effects of witnessing domestic violence, the presence of trauma-like and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, potential moderators of the effects of domestic violence, and long-term effects on adult functioning of witnessing domestic violence during childhood. This paper examines various methodological issues in regard to definition of terms, sampling, and instrumentation. The research suggests a strong correlation between witnessing domestic violence and risk for behavior problems and psychological distress, including trauma-like symptoms and PTSD, depression, and low self-esteem. Evidence is also strong for the presence of negative long-term consequences for adults who witnessed or were exposed to domestic violence during childhood. Clinical implications of the findings as well as suggestions for future research are also discussed. (Contains 51 references.) (Author) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. http://wwvv.ericfacility.net/extraJedvaps10/DocumentResume.asp?sCHNO=CG032294 10/6/2001 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) O This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 1 THE IMPACT OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ON CHILDREN'S PSYCHOLOGICAL


In order to obtain an intelligible speech at a listening point addressed by the mass notification sound system, not only high transmission quality of the system, but also a sufficiently clear speech sound source is needed. However, the qualities of speech sources may not be constant because they are supplied by different types of production and transmission methods, e.g., the variety of speech source production methods causes various specifications and irregular qualities of sources, and some types of transmission methods between the parent station (speech production system) and children stations (acoustic amplification system) cannot convey the source signal with sufficient quality. In this presentation, the authors showed examples of irregular source quality appeared at the input of the acoustic amplification system and discussed the necessity of verifying the signals at several points in the total system (i.e., the system between the speech source and the listening point) to regulate their qualities. T...


Waja uz zahr (Low back pain) manifests as most expensive disease in the productive years. Any part of the back may ache; but the commonest site is the lower back that is, lumbar and lumbosacral region. The present preliminary study was an observational, self-comparison study carried out at the department of Moalajat (medicine) in National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM), Bangalore. A total of 25 patients of both sex, above the 18 years and below 70 years of age, giving the history of low back pain were selected for the trial. A total of 8 sittings of Dalk were scheduled over three weeks. For the first week, sitting schedule was on alternate day and twice a week for subsequent two weeks. Approximately 20 ml of Raughan (Oil) was used, and duration was kept 15-20 minutes for each sitting. The assessment of outcome was carried out by Clinical assessments based on an arbitrary grading system and VAS. In this trial, Dalk layyain with raughan zaitun was found effective in relieving symptoms of waja uz zahr. So it can be concluded that Dalk Layyain with Raughan Zaitun may be an effective regime in the management of Waja uz Zahr.


Breakfast is an important meal for adolescents to supply adequate nutrition for growth and maintenance and to prevent chronic disease. Nevertheless, the rate of skipping breakfast, which decreased 6 years ago, has gradually increased again in recent years in Korea. Manystudies show that skipping breakfast increases the risk for obesity, amenorrhea, and poor academic performance. The recommended breakfast for adolescents is a low glycemic load (GL) diet, fiber-rich family breakfast. The hunger and lazy feeling after breakfast are enhanced by a high GL and low fiber diet, which leads to additional intake of calories. A family breakfast can help to maintain a healthy life-style and reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cancer, or cardiovascular disease. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 14: 340∼349)


AbstractPorous models are built using the current pore-size distribution of the material and can reproduce the phenomenon of hysteresis during wetting–drying cycles. The term current pore-size distribution means that the size of the pores is being updated as the soil deforms. This type of model can be used advantageously for the development of fully coupled hydromechanical constitutive models for unsaturated soils. Also, because the volumetric deformation affects the pore-size distribution of the soil, the influence of the former on the retention curves can be easily assessed. This paper presents a porous-solid model that simulates the hydraulic hysteresis of soils and the influence of the volumetric deformation on the soil-water retention curves. The precision obtained in numerical and experimental comparisons shows the adequacy of the model.


When a luminum is polarized potentiostatically in a bar r ie r forming electrolyte, such as aqueous ,ammonium tartrate, the current passed diminishes steadily to a low value commonly termed the leakage current. This value is not stable, but increases gradually, a t taining a constant value after many hours. The dependence of this steady-state current on potential has been studied for a luminum electrodes in 1M aqueous ammonium tar t rate at pH 7 and test temperatures of 30 ~ 50 ~ and 70~ In the overpotential range of approximately 50-80V, current is independent of overpotential, while exponent ia l dependence of the anodic current on overpotential is seen at lower overpotentials, with a significant reverse contr ibut ion below approximately 20V. The values of both forward and reverse exponent ial coefficients are extremely anomalous in comparison to normal Tafel slopes. Above approximately 80V, current increases rapidly with potential unt i l breakdown occurs. During the potentiostatic formation of bar r ie r type anodic oxide films on "valve" metals the anodic curren t is seen to decrease monotonical ly to a m i n i m u m value, commonly termed the "leakage current ." For a luminum anodized in an electrolyte conducive to barr ier film formation, s u c h as neut ra l aqueous ammonium tartrate, this m i n i m u m is reached in a mat ter of minutes. However, this leakage current is not stable, but gradual ly increases, a t ta ining a stable value only after many hours. A similar effect is seen if the value of the applied potent ial is reduced after the leakage current has stabilized. There is then a marked reduction in the anodic current, with a new m i n i m u m value being observed after a period of several minutes. Again, however, this value is not stable, but increases at an accelerating rate with a higher, apparent ly stable value being at tained after m a n y hours. This is apparent ly a distinct phenomenon from that observed by several previous investigators (1-8), in which a t r ansient current response is seen following an abrupt change in applied potential or an in ter rupt ion in the application of an anodic potential. Such transients have durations of the order of minutes, two to three orders of magni tude shorter than the time required for establ i shment of a stable leakage current, and have been a t t r ibuted to a relaxat ion process involving the conducting ions in the oxide (9, 10). Research on valve metal electrodes has been extensively reviewed (9-17); therefore, it is necessary only to refer t o those aspects of previous work 'that directly per ta in to the establ ishment of a stable leakage current through the anodic oxides formed on such electrodes. Much earlier work was s t imulated by the rectifying properties of valve metal electrodes. Van Geel (18, 19) and Taylor and Haring (20) at t r ibuted this behavior to the occurrence of a p -n junct ion with* Electrochemical Society Act ive Member.


Nowadays in Colombia, the educational sector represents one of the areas more important for the implementation of the System of Quality management, provided that this one points at the model(models') creation that they allow them the
projection of a market that every day demands competition and productivity. Nevertheless, obstacles arise to carry out this intention as the absence of knowledge opposite to the topic where the institutions have not determined
priorities in its process of educational management, the implementation of a Quality system. Hereby, the institutions must involve in the process of improvement and doing controls and meticulous supervisions, which allow the ideal development of the process and the follow-up of the directives. It is for it that there arises the guide GTC 200 for the implementation of the ISO 9001 in establishments of formal education in the levels of pre-school, basic, average level and in establishments of not formal education, having for aim constituting directives that they guide to these establishments that give services of education. "It encourages to the educational establishments to have a clear understanding of
8 beginning(principles) of management of the quality, when they implement the system of quality management .Additional, as a way for the improvement of the performance of this system, is recommended to know and to apply directives of the
norm NTC - ISO 9004 "


Wind plays an important role in rural life and had an intimate connection with music in ancient times,so Pre-Qin folk songs were called wind.As the wind wanders between the sky and the earth with no definite shape and image,thus Chuang-Tzu compared wind as Tao.As Taoism had profound impact on Heidegger's later poetic thoughts,so it is a significant perspective to understand Heidegger's poetic thoughts from "wind".


For anyone interested in hip hop culture, fashion, or street wear, this is the first large-format monograph on *A Bathing Ape, the Tokyo-based urban fashion label.


In this work, the electromagnetic waves scattered from 2-dimensional random rough surfaces are characterized by the Mueller matrix elements. The full wave solutions are used to compute these elements. The results of the full wave solutions for 1-dimensional random rough surfaces were shown to agree well with those of the experiment and the method of moments. The Mueller matrix elements are related to the like and cross polarized radar cross sections as well as to the relative phase of the vertically and horizontally polarized waves. The Mueller matrix elements completely characterize electromagnetic scattering from target. The computed results of this paper can be useful to the field of active remote sensing or RCS.


PMR-15 is a high-performance thermoset polyimide resin that is used in many high-temperature applications. Postcured PMR-15 produces room-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra from stable freeradical species that are formed during the postcuring stages. The variable-temperature EPR spectral intensities show a minimum at Tmin in the range −60 to −40°C, and a maximum at Tmax in the range 80–120°C. The EPR intensities follow the inverse temperature dependence of Curie's law below Tmin and are due to a stable free radical. The intensities then increase with increasing temperature between Tmin and Tmax. The free radical with such temperature dependence is not present below Tmin and is undetectable by EPR at temperatures above Tmax. These free radicals are generated during the postcuring process at elevated temperature above 310°C. The thermo-oxidative degradation involves free radicals generated during the postcuring process in the presence of oxygen gas. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


This experimental study investigated the load–displacement behavior, ultimate strength, and failure modes of hollow and concrete‐filled high‐strength glass fiber‐reinforced polymer (GFRP) tubes under static and cyclic axial compression. For this purpose, pultruded GFRP tubes were used which contained fibers oriented at 0°, +45°, and −45° to the longitudinal axes of the tubes. Self‐compacting concrete (SCC) was used for in‐filling the hollow GFRP tubes. The main parameters considered in the test program were the tube cross‐section, column length, and cyclic loading range. A total of 28 specimens of lengths equal to either 0.5 or 1.5 m were tested under static and cyclic axial compressive loading. The experimentally obtained load–displacement and load‐axial/hoop strain behaviors are discussed in this paper. It was verified that in‐filling the GFRP tubes with concrete can enhance their axial strength and stiffness, though it is not able to prevent the brittle nature of the failure. Hollow GFRP tubes displayed linear‐elastic behavior with a constant axial stiffness up to failure under both static and cyclic loading, while the concrete‐filled specimens exhibited a bilinear load–displacement behavior with the change in stiffness occurring at the point at which the GFRP tube starts to act as a confining jacket. Under cyclic loading, the concrete‐filled specimens suffered degradation in axial stiffness with the rate of deterioration decreasing with increasing number of cycles. However, a consistent relationship between the cyclic load range magnitude and number of cycles to failure could not be found using the experimentally obtained data.


8 ASUBTITLE: AFTER A GAP OF ABOUT 20 YEARS THE TECHNOLOGY HAS BEEN REVIVED FOR ALBEMARLE ISLAND TO BE BUILT USING AMMONIA IN THE REFRIGERATION PLANT: THE SHIP WAS HANDED OVER BY DANISH SHIPBUILDER, DANYARD, EARLY LAST MONTH.


Concept of intellectual readiness of the student for training in a higher educational institution in connection with success of the students´ traning in a higher educational institution is considered in the article. The model of students´ intellectual readiness for training in a higher educational institution is offered. The results of the study predict the success of teaching students on the basis of diagnosis of their intellectual readiness to teaching at the university. Conducted monitoring studies, conclusions about what students predictor of success in teaching high school at an early stage may be the results of the exam, for three years is an integrated assessment, determined by the maximum level of the results of Sturm (school test of intellectual development), the USE. Using Sturm will build a more accurate prediction of the success of teaching secondary school graduates in college and will enhance the quality of education in higher education.


That tobacco use and alcohol intake increase the risk for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a fact that all health care professionals, including radiologists, are taught early in their careers.[1][1] Among other molecular events, tobacco causes mutations in the p53 tumor-suppressor


In this article I present FAAL, a new Feature-based Aligning ALgorithm that can be used for the alignment of phonetically transcribed lexical items according to the comparison of phonetic features. The algorithm can be run on any pair of phonetically transcribed words without requiring any specific setting or tuning, although various parameters of its implementation as .jar library can indeed be modified by the user, if needed. The structure and work-flow of the algorithm are described in the first part of the paper. In the second part FAAL is tested against previously proposed algorithms in a test case involving two different datasets. FAAL in its default configuration outperforms all of them. FAAL is distributed in the form of a .jar Java library. The description of this Java library and the details about the settings and configuration of its methods are provided on-line, in my github repository at https://github.com/MKilani/FAAL.


Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of male taekwondo players by evaluating their heart rate, oxygen intake, and cardiorespiratory function according to the growth period.
Methods: This study enrolled 34 male middle school, high school, and university taekwondo players belonging to D city. Their heart rate, oxygen intake, and cardiorespiratory function were evaluated according to the growth period.
Results: The resting heart rate was significantly different between the groups, and the values in high school athletes were lower than those in middle school athletes and university athletes. A significant difference was found between the groups in the maximum oxygen intake, with values higher in high school athletes than in middle school athletes and university athletes. The respiratory rate at the anaerobic threshold was significantly different between the groups, with values higher in middle school players than in high school players.
Conclusion: This study revealed significant differences among the groups, and results will guide in creating a systematic training program for growing taekwondo players.


We consider the classification problem as a linear regression problem, and find that sparse signal representation offers the key to address this problem. Therefore, a new method, which is based on sparse representation, is proposed for classification. This new method provides insights into two critical issues in classification: sparse representation and classification. For sparse representation, we use the lasso [1],[8], the elastic net [2] and nonnegative garrote [3] as the initial estimate of a new test sample. In the classification stage, we classify the test sample to the correct class via a simple l2-distance measurement. Finally, we propose an efficient algorithm for computing the whole solution path of this method, and conduct extensive experiments on the number ball recognition. From the experiment results, we conclude that this method achieves high recognition rate.


Abstract THE use of coconut oil meal (copra meal) in diets for poultry and other animals has been investigated by a number of workers (Johns et al., 1919; Maynard and Fronda, 1921; Mitchell et al., 1923; Sulit, 1926; Crucillo, 1926; Temperton et al., 1941; Loosli et al., 1954; and Fronda, 1958). By and large, copra meal was found to be effectively utilized by ruminants, and in some cases by rats, but much less well by pigs, guinea pigs and poultry. The results with poultry have been so poor that several workers have suggested the presence in copra of some toxic or growth-depressing factor. Chick studies have usually resulted in poor growth, poor efficiency of feed utilization and high mortality. Laying hens have shown decreased body weight and productivity (Eamilao, 1936; Lionanag, 1951; De Los Santos, 1951; Mahadevan et al., 1957). As a result, it has been generally recommended that not more …


This paper discusses the performance of achieving physical layer security from channel resolvability in terms of secrecy and offers a kind of classification for different detection methods, including conventional hypothesis testing and active hypothesis testing. The difference between them is whether or not the detection time is a random variable. Moreover, this paper has a discussion on the applications of the practical case studies based on polar code from the channel resolvability, such as wireless channels with or without state information, point to point channel with an eavesdropper, multiple access channel with an eavesdropper, and communication networks at the physical layer. The channel resolvability is shown to be a promising method to achieve secrecy and covertness in the physical-layer.


By the reaction of [(μ-RS (μ-CO)Fe2 (CO)6] [Et3NH] with MeAsI2, six new double cluster complexes, [(μ-RS) (μ-MeAs)Fe2(CO)6]2 (R = Et, Pr, iPr, Bu, C5H11, Ph), were synthesized. The structure of the iPr analog was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Crystal data were as follows: monoclinic, P21/n, Z = 4, a = 14.475(4), b = 13.825(3), c = 17.225(5) A, β = 112.44(2)°, V = 3186 A3, R = 0.037, and Rw = 0.052.


Taking advantage of the degree of innovation admitted by the tragic genre, Euripides has reshaped in Electra the ancient theme of patriarchal revenge. He has upheld the essential guidelines of the myth and the legend, by means of an original dramatic exploitation of matricide, in a more domestic and humanized version. In it, characters, space and time were meaningfully dislocated from the story's traditional framework, thus stimulating the inquiry into the principles and values of a retaliating justice of talionic


Aim: To investigate the effect of different training protocols (with and without flexibility training) in flexion and hip extension and its effects on their vertical jump. Materials and Methods: The study included 48 volleyball athletes female, aged 11 to 17 years, divided into four groups: The "Children" (n=12); B "Child" (n=12); C "Youth" (n=12) and D "Youth" (n=12). Body mass, stature was evaluated, and subsequently calculated the Body Mass Index (BMI). Then calculate the percentage of fat. Flexibility was assessed using the Wells Bench and fleximeter. The counter-movement vertical jump was measured using a pressure platform and analyzed with the Jump Test 2.0 software. Results: After intervention with flexibility training, there was improvement in height (pre: 21.8±1.2 cm, post: 24.0±1.4 cm, p=0.03) and vertical jump power in group A (pre: 296.0±17.2 W/kg, post: 317.5±13.1 W/kg, p=0.03). Increased flexibility in the C group (pre: 27.2±1.2 cm, post: 29.5±1.4 cm, p=0.03). Improvement in height (pre: 19.4±1.7 cm, post: 21.5±1.5 cm, p=0.04) and vertical jump power in group B (pre: 213.8±11.6 W/kg, post: 226.0±9.7 W/kg, p=0.04). Conclusion: After the 12-week intervention with passive stretching method there was an increase and/or maintaining flexibility, vertical jump (cm) and power (W/kg) in female athletes.


The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), initiated in 1996, provides continuous data on the health care utilization, expenditures, insurance coverage, sources of payment and access-to-care measures of individuals and households in the US civilian noninstitutionalized population. The MEPS, sponsored by the Agency for Health care Research and Quality (AHRQ) and cosponsored by the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (NCHS/CDC), consists of three interrelated surveys: the Household Component, the Medical Provider Component, and the Insurance Component. Annual Household Component participants are selected, via a multistage, clustered sample design, from households participating in the previous year's National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), while the Provider Component seeks supplementary and confirmatory data from their health care providers. The Insurance Component collects data on the amount, types, and costs of job-related health insurance from 30 000 businesses annually. Sampling weights are used to produce population estimates for individuals, families, and population subgroups, such as the elderly and children. Since 2002, the MEPS sample seeks 15 000 families and 40 000 individuals yearly.

Keywords:

health care utilization data;
national estimates;
health care financing;
health insurance


Open government aims to improve the relationship between the government and citizens. In a shift from e-Government 2.0, open government provides openness of information and openness of interactions with the public. However, these opportunities pose privacy challenges in the implementation of open government. In order to address these privacy challenges, it is important to explore public employees' understanding of personal information and privacy concepts in general. This paper reports the preliminary results of a qualitative approach to explore Malaysian public service employees' understanding of personal information and privacy. Findings of this study indicate that employees have difficulties in explaining personal information and privacy.


The present paper reports the structural and lattice dynamical study for iridium dioxide (IrO2) at ambient and higher pressure conditions up to 60 GPa. Total energy calculations are carried out using first principle density functional theory. The ground state properties like lattice constant, bulk modulus are calculated and are in good agreement with theoretically and experimentally reported values. The band structure calculations confirm the metallic character of IrO2. The analysis of calculated phonon dispersion curves illuminates the structural systematic and the nature of phase transitions under the influence of pressure.


Three federal agencies—the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA)—share primary responsibility for regulating biotechnology in the United States. This article describes each agency's role as it relates to agricultural biotechnology. The article also mentions some controversies regarding the existing regulations, and pending initiatives to revise them.


Introduction As a check on direct current measurements of the transmitted waveforms as measured with a wideband transducer, we monitored the EM field of the SeaTEM system during several flights over a ground loop. The ground loop was laid out over very resistive granite in Western Australia. Ground measurements were made of the current and voltage induced in the ground loop. For the first time, we also collected point-sampled total field and component magnetic fields using commercial sensor systems to investigate the effectiveness of direct B field rather than dB/dt measurements.


Anatomy learned by active exploration in the dissection laboratory has been shown to be beneficial in improving anatomic knowledge, promoting self‐reflection, teamwork, and professionalism. Decreased dissection time may affect the quality of dissection and ultimately retention of gross anatomy knowledge. This could translate to lower student performance in the anatomy course. The purpose of this study was to determine whether evaluating the quality of students' dissection has an effect on practical examinations performance, mid and end‐course evaluations. Quality of dissections for each team enrolled in a gross anatomy course at Mayo Medical School was evaluated bi‐weekly. Each member of the dissection team received the same score which was calculated towards 5% of their final grade. Dissections were evaluated using a five‐point rubric that incorporates measures for determining whether students had met laboratory learning objectives. Assessment of anatomic knowledge was based on laboratory practical exam scores recorded at intervals throughout the course and achievements on daily audience response system quizzes. Increase in quality of dissection was associated with improvement in practical exams. Teams that received lower dissection scores had lower scores on practical exams. Our results imply that students who achieve daily dissection goals, perform better on the practical examinations.


The fine structure of solar prominences is made by thin threads that outline the magnetic field lines. Observations show that transverse waves of Alfv\'enic nature are ubiquitous in prominence threads. These waves are driven at the photosphere and propagate to prominences suspended in the corona. Heating due to Alfv\'en wave dissipation could be a relevant mechanism in the cool and partially ionized prominence plasma. We explore the construction of 1D equilibrium models of prominence thin threads that satisfy energy balance between radiative losses, thermal conduction, and Alfv\'en wave heating. We assume the presence of a broadband driver at the photosphere that launches Alfv\'en waves towards the prominence. An iterative method is implemented, in which the energy balance equation and the Alfv\'en wave equation are consecutively solved. From the energy balance equation and considering no wave heating initially, we compute the equilibrium profiles along the thread of the temperature, density, ionisation fraction. We use the Alfv\'en wave equation to compute the wave heating rate, which is then put back in the energy balance equation to obtain new equilibrium profiles. The process is repeated until convergence to a self-consistent thread model heated by Alfv\'en waves is achieved. We have obtained equilibrium models composed of a cold and dense thread, a extremely thin PCTR, and an extended coronal region. The length of the cold thread decreases with the temperature at the prominence core and increases with the Alfv\'en wave energy flux. Equilibrium models are not possible for sufficiently large wave energy fluxes when the wave heating rate inside the cold thread becomes larger than radiative losses. The maximum value of the wave energy flux that allows an equilibrium depends on the prominence core temperature. This constrains the existence of equilibria in realistic conditions.


The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports that climate change has occurred and is going to continue, driven by both past and future greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Mankind's emissions have grown by 70% from 1970 to 2004, and they are projected to increase by an additional 25% to 90% by 2030. GHG emissions have global and long-run atmospheric effects lasting decades to centuries, depending on the specific gas. The net climate forcing of GHGs has grown from preindustrial (circa 1850) levels of about 275 parts per million (ppm) carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent to about 375 ppm today, and projected socioeconomic practices and growth could result in levels of 600 to 1550 ppm by 2100 (IPCC WGIII, 2007). Based on this data, the IPCC projects global average temperature increases of 1.1 to 6.4 degrees Celsius by 2090-2099 compared to 1980-1999 levels (IPCC WGI, 2007), with increases in CO2 concentrations the main driver, but other substances contributing as well. Changing climate implies localized changes in temperatures, precipitation, extreme weather, and the potential for extreme events that could affect agriculture globally. U.S.farmers, for example, could experience longer growing seasons, increased frequency of heavy rainfall, reduced snowpack with consequences for water supplies, enhanced crop growth due to elevated atmospheric CO2, and increased frequency of droughts, pests, and crop and livestock heat stress. As found in the U.S.National assessment (Reilly et al., 2003), the net effect could be increased production that benefits consumers while putting downward pressure on farm incomes in the near-term as prices fall. However, larger changes in climate could result in negative effects and different distributional outcomes (for elaboration, see the papers in this issue by North; Antle; and Adams and Peck). There are three broad approaches for managing climate change— • Avoiding it, via mitigation of GHG emissions, i.e., reducing net GHG emissions, including increasing carbon sequestration (as discussed in the companion paper by Schneider and Kumar). • Adapting to it, by learning to produce under a changed climate. • Geoengineering that reduces warming by, for example, placing shields in space to reduce incoming solar radiation. Geoengineering approaches are extreme technological options that are typically presented in the context of preventing eminent catastrophic climate change impacts. This paper discusses issues involved with GHG mitigation and climate change adaptation (see Keith, 2005, for a discussion of geoengineering).


A newly revised apparatus for argentometric precipitate titrations was fabricated and evaluated. A light emitting diode was adapted as a solid-state light source and a syringe pump was used for manipulating titrant both in stopped flow mode and continuous mode. The performance of the two modes was compared in terms of accuracy and precision. The continuous flow mode is much faster and shows generally higher accuracy under given experimental conditions. The patterns of precipitate titration curves were changed with different coagulant concentrations and addition flow rates of titrant. However, end point volumes were not affected by these experimental factors tested here.


Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative arthritis, mainly in the elderly. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remain as the main therapeutic class to reduce the pain and functional disability in OA, but they do not prevent the damage of cartilage and produce adverse side effects that may limit their use. Then, the search for new substances to manage OA is justified. D-003 is a mixture of higher aliphatic sugarcane wax acids with antiresorptive and antioxidant effects. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of D-003 on monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) induced OA in rats. Rats were distributed into six groups: a negative vehicle control and five groups with MIA-induced OA. One of these was a positive vehicle control, three were treated with D-003 (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg), and other with ibuprofen (30 µmol/kg). Following a single knee synovial injection of MIA, treatments were administered orally for 10 days. After sacrificed, rat knee joints removed and processed. Histology scores were assessed by evaluating changes and cartilage damage, cellular abnormalities, matrix staining, extent of inflammation, pannus formation and presence of osteoclasts. The MIA injection significantly increased the histology score as compared to the negative control group, changes that were significantly and dose-dependently decreased by D-003 (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) as compared to the positive control. Ibuprofen 30 µmol/kg reduced significantly the inflammation, the depth and histological score of cartilage damage, but did not modify other parameters. Concluding, D-003 treatment reduced cartilage injury and associated inflammation in the model of MIA-induced OA in rats.


The need for long-pulse and super-power CW klystrons for particle accelerators has been growing.. The key requirements for these devices are high efficiency and reliability. The authors describe the features of four klystons produced for particle accelerators.


To the Editor. —We recently had an experience where a serious complication could have occurred due to faulty setup of vitrectomy instrumentation. During the course of a routine vitrectomy, we were given an aspiration needle, by the operating room staff, that expelled compressed air at high pressure. We were using a Daisy (Stortz Instrument Co, St Louis, Mo) microvitrectomy unit, and a check of the line revealed that the aspiration needle had been connected to the pneumatic driver for the vitrectomy handpiece rather than to the aspiration port. The Daisy microvitrectomy control unit puts out a pressure of 80 psi into the pneumatic driver, and, taking into account pressure loss through the line, the pressure is still about 30 psi (1500 mm Hg) at the microvitrectomy cutter. We could have injected compressed air at 1500 mm Hg into our patient's eye! This incident occurred when the operating room staff modified


Free-field experiments on masking of low-frequency tones by broadband noise, as reported by Fidell, et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 73, 628–638 (1983)] should, in principle, yield the same results as the recently reported insert-phone experiment by Houtsma [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 115, 967–970 (2004)]. Indeed, if Fidell et al.'s data are converted to critical ratios and compared with the recent insert-earphone results, both turn out to be quite similar and significantly different from Hawkins and Stevens' classical critical ratio results.


This paper gives some ideas of the concept planning and the general planning of Guangzhou development combined with its practice.


As the IoT (Internet of Things) has been commercialized recently, studies are underway for user-customized services. Accordingly, the service should be changed according to the characteristics of the user rather than the unified service. However, when existing systems operate automatically, there is a problem of providing a uniform service to all users without providing a customized service. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an IoT automatic control system for analyzing user commands. The system collects the user's remote control commands to organize the user data sets, classify the collected user's commands according to the devices, and classify the user's work orders in time to derive the average operation of the devices. Through this, it is possible to provide services with improved user convenience and system accuracy.


Abstract : Ship-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data are used to study regional ocean patterns around the biologically rich regions of the Archipielago de Colon (Galapagos Islands) and the Gulf of the Farallones to test our assumptions about the circulation derived primarily from hydrographic samples. West of the Galapagos, an equatorial undercurrent transporting ^ 7 Sv was present in November 1993, which decelerated within 30 km of the archipelago, shoaled, and diverged with a strong deflection to the southwest. A method of removing tidal velocities from ADCP measurements by creating an empirical model of the tides and using it to predict and subtract the tides is described. It is shown that in the Gulf of the Farallones, a large number of observations, typically more than acquired on one cruise, are necessary to reduce tidal model error. Detided ADCP data are used to describe the circulation in the Gulf under various wind conditions. Over the continental slope, Surface-to-depth poleward flow is present throughout the year. During wind relaxations, poleward flow strengthens and warmer, fresher water is transported onshore.


Constitutions lay at the heart of a nation's identity. What they say, and what they do not say, can tell us much about the character of the country itself. The Australian Constitution is a case in point. The Australian example reveals how constitutional law – the text and surrounding interpretation – can give a rich account of who the constitutional "people" are. Yet, it also shows that the legal construction of "the people" may only ever be an imperfect reflection of the real identity of those people, due to silences or statements in the document that conflict with an identity that has changed since the document was written.


A new approach to rejecting interference between sonar systems is presented in this paper. The approach is based on identifying a transmitter by sending a double pulse with known separation. Using simple delayed pulse subtraction, a sonar receiver can test echo pulses quickly and simply for acceptance. This approach is implemented on a sonar system that is capable of accurately tracking objects at measurement rates exceeding 10 Hz. Two sonar sensors, each consisting of a transmitter and two receivers, are independently controlled to track objects from bearing and range measurements. Matched filtering is used to optimally estimate echo arrival times from which range and bearing angle are derived. Bearing accuracy is typically better than 0.1 degrees but degrades if there is air turbulence and temperature gradients. Bearing errors are shown experimentally to have significant autocorrelation at times of the order of seconds. The ability to reliably reject interference is demonstrated experimentally by both s...


monitoring of patients with cancers especially those of pancreas, biliary tract and breast3\ Since reactivity of this antibody with normal tissues is very limited (Fig. 3), false positive results with sera of patients with benign diseases are rare compared to other tumor markers. Monoclonal antibodies reactive with carbohydrate antigens can also be applied to cytological and histological diagnosis. A monoclonal antibody to Y-hapten detects a few tumor cells of small cell lung carcinoma in bone marrow smears and NCC-ST-439 discriminated well differentiated adenocarcinoma of the bile duct from normal epithelium. Possibility for application to imaging diagnosisand treatment of cancers is also studied. Although it is not common,antibody titer for a particular carbohydrate chain increases in sera of cancer patients. We produced a human monoclonal antibody using lymphocytes of a lymph node adjoining lung cancer. This antibody possessed the feature of cold agglutinin against cord red blood cells and was characterized to detect i antigen which is a precursor carbohydrate chain of blood group ABO antigens4\ This example clearly indicates that some of cancer-associated carbohydrate antigens are immunogenic to the immune system of the patient. As described in this report, cancer-associated carbohydrate antigens are promissing as tumor markers for serological and pathological diagnosis of human cancers. These antigens may also be used as targets for imaging and treatments. Furthermore, it is possible that the alteration of carbohydrate chains has some relation to the biological behavior of cancer cells. Carbohydrate antigens are important and interesting subjects in the field of basic as well as clinical cancer research.


The paramagnetic resonance of polycrystalline 1,3-bisdiphenylene-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-allyl can be observed in the temperature region above 3.25 K. Below the temperature the anomalous resonance absorptions, which may be the antiferromagnetic resonance, were observed. This may be the first experimental observation in organic free radicals.


An attempt has been made in this book to introduce the b.: ginner in power electronics to power semiconductor devices. .:ircuit topologies. analysis and basics of control. There was a great need for a consolidated informalion on various types of power electronics semiconductor devices. The book is the most welcome addition.This edition of the book contains latest information about various power electronics devices. The book introduces concepts as they are in practice. This book is highly suitable for use as a text book in a first level course in power dcctronics for BE/BTech. Electrical. Electronics and Communication and also to Computer Science students.This is also useful to AM IE students. This book is very useful to those Elactrical/ Electronics engineers who arc working in practical field.


This paper uses numerical simulation to simulate wind field for closed two-span double-pitch light steel roof under different pitches. Simple computing methods are given for local shape coefficient of wind load through comparing and analyzing the results of numerical simulation and standard values, which can provide some reference for the design.


To increase radiation damping at 1.8 GeV beam energy 12 super-conducting wiggler magnets will be installed in the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR). The first 7-pole wiggler has been manufactured, tested and installed in the ring. This paper describes the wiggler magnetic measurement using flipping coil and vibrating wire techniques. The field integrals along straight lines were measured with flipping coil, vibrating wire technique was used to measure both, straight line field integrals and field integrals along wiggling lines reproducing beam trajectories.


INTRODUCTION: The American Red Cross recently declared a national blood crisis. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a single-unit transfusion guideline on the transfusion rate. METHODS: An interdisciplinary quality improvement initiative to reduce blood transfusion for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) was conducted in a tertiary obstetric hospital with approximately 5,000 births annually. Opportunities for improvement were prioritized including antepartum anemia treatment, early recognition and treatment of PPH, and blood stewardship. The baseline period was January 2019 to December 2020. The intervention period was July 2021 to April 2022. We recommended transfusions begin with an order for a single unit of blood ("Start with One"). Plan-do-check-act cycles were initiated. The clinical outcome was units of blood transfused per 1,000 deliveries. Relative risks, t tests, and control charts were used for analysis. The quality improvement project was IRB exempt (HUM00213652). RESULTS: Incidence of PPH decreased between baseline and intervention periods (relative risk 0.83, 95% CI 0.77–0.90). The baseline transfusion rate was 79.3 units of blood per 1,000 births. During the intervention period, this decreased by 32.8% to 53.2 units per 1,000 births (P=.004). Special cause variation was found after introduction of the "Start with One" campaign: 8 consecutive months in the intervention period have been above the mean proportion for single-unit transfusions. CONCLUSION: A single-unit transfusion guideline, as part of a multimodal strategy to reduce PPH, was associated with a significant decrease in red cell transfusion. The current national blood shortage should be a call to action for all obstetric providers to safely reduce the volume of blood transfusions.


A kind of substation equipment mobile inspection system based on mobile robot is introduced to help operators find equipment abnormity such as surface and overheat defectiveness by remote or autonomous control. The overall structure of mobile robot system and the substation equipment inspection system on the robot platform are described. The implementation of primary equipment visible and infrared image inspection, meters auto-examination and mobile object detection by using sensors such as visible and infrared light CCD camera, high performance directional mic is given. The industrial operation of the system shows that the combination of the non-contact mobile inspection mode of the robot system with the contact mode of the substation automatic system can form a kind of full monitor system for the substation to greatly improve the safety and reliability of the substation operation.


Food additives such as α-amylase,β-amylase and sarcrose fatty acid ester were selected with single-factor experiment to evaluate their effects on retrogradation of soft canned rice during storage.The results indicated that these additives were able to effectively retard long-term retrogradation of cooked rice.And the dosage of these additives was ascertained by orthogonal experiment.It was resulted that the optimal prescription was α-amylase 0.3g·L~(-1),β-amylase 2 g·L~(-1) and sarcrose fatty acid ester 8 g·L~(-1).


Identification of effective and accurate prognostic biomarkers for hepatitis B virus‐associated decompensated cirrhosis (HBV‐DeCi) is challenging. This study was designed to determine and compare the prognostic value of albumin‐related ratios (blood urea nitrogen‐to‐albumin ratio [BAR], C‐reactive protein‐to‐albumin ratio [CAR], prothrombin time‐international normalized ratio‐to‐albumin ratio [PTAR], neutrophil count‐to‐albumin ratio [NAR], and D‐dimer‐to‐albumin ratio [DAR]) in HBV‐DeCi patients.


The utility model discloses a power system assembly of a two-gear electric car. The power system assembly comprises a motor, a single-row planetary gear train, a synchronizer, a single-stage main reducer, a differential, an electromagnetic brake and a shell, wherein a stator of the motor is fixed in the shell, a rotor of the motor is connected with one side of a rotor spindle, the other side of the rotor spindle is arranged in the shell in a penetration mode through a bearing, the single-row planetary gear train comprises a sun gear, a planetary carrier and two or more planetary gears, the single-stage main reducer comprises a main reducer pinion and a main reducer large gear, and the synchronizer comprises a one-gear synchronization lock ring, a second-gear synchronization lock ring, an engagement sleeve and an engagement sleeve base. A structure integrated design technology is adopted for the power system assembly, and highly integrated design and application of the motor, a transmission and the differential are achieved; integration of the electric drive system is more obvious; the size of the electric drive system is effectively reduced, quality of the electric drive system is effectively improved, and installation can be more convenient; due to the fact that two-gear speed change is used, efficiency of the motor is improved, and the torque of the motor is increased.


The total solar energy intensity on the horizontal surface measured for the Kirkuk city. This is obtained by rneasuring theshort circuit current induced from standard PV module consistir-rgof 36 PV cell connected in series. The measurement performed ateach hour of daylight for a period of one year. The measured data compared with data obtained theoretically from tire empirical formulas, which indicates that the theoretical prediction of the solar energy intensity is 31% larger than the measured values. The result indicates that the Kirkuk city receives a large quantity of solar energy, because the percent of the sunshine hour to the cloud covered hour is found to be 89%. comparative cost analysis of the electricity from the PV solar cell and diesel system shows that the electricity from PV solar system at Kirkuk city is cheaper than that obtained from diesel system of about 40.6% when 15 year working period is considered.


............................................................................................................. İV ÖZ ............................................................................................................................ Vİ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................... Vİİİ TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ X LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... Xİİ LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. Xİİİ CHAPTERS


This article presents a systematic simulation-based study on scaling gate oxide thickness and the source–drain extension junction depth to achieve high performance 25 nm metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistor devices for low power operation. In order to obtain the target 25 nm devices, complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technologies were designed by scaling source–drain extension junction depths to 14, 20, and 26 nm and the corresponding gate lengths to 40, 50, and 60 nm, respectively. Each technology was separately optimized for each value of the equivalent gate oxide thickness 1, 1.5, and 2 nm to achieve the target value of off-state leakage current of about 10 nA/μm for 25 nm devices. The simulation results show that for a low voltage operation of 25 nm devices with a fixed off-state leakage current, the magnitude of threshold voltage, subthreshold slope, and the drain-induced barrier lowering is too high while the magnitude of drive current is too low for gate oxide thickness ⩾1.5 nm. However, the variation in the magnitude of threshold voltage, subthreshold slope, drain-induced barrier lowering, and the drive current for the similar devices is insignificant within the range of source–drain extension junction depth between 14 and 26 nm. It is also found that the increase in the gate delay is ⩾12% for 25 nm devices with the source–drain extension junction depth ⩾20 nm compared to the similar devices with a source–drain extension junction depth of about 14 nm. This article demonstrates that the continuous scaling of gate oxide thickness below 1.5 nm and the source–drain extension junction depth below 20 nm is essential for achieving high performance CMOS technologies with 25 nm nominal devices for low power application.


Submissions must contribute new ideas and insights to the nonproliferation field. The Review's editors welcome submissions on any topic related to weapons proliferation, including but not limited to chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and conventional weapons. Example topics include: activities and developments in international nonproliferation regimes; social, political, and economic dynamics of specific countries and regions with regard to weapons development and/or proliferation; new information on policies or weapons programs of specific countries; the spread of knowledge, materials, or technologies with potential destructive applications; the proliferation of new technologies impinging on international security; measures, either existing or proposed, to control proliferation; the causes of proliferation or nonproliferation; the consequences of proliferation, including its influence on strategic stability and its economic or environmental effects; and the relevant activities of non-state actors, such as nongovernmental organizations or terrorists.


We apply density functional theory (B3LYP method) to investigate the possible reaction mechanism of the dehydrogenation process in the reaction of transition metal hydrides ([MH]+, M = Ni, Cu, Zn) with small molecules containing hydrogen atoms (CH4, NH3, H2O) in the gas phase. This paper is divided into three parts to study reaction mechanisms of the reaction (1) MH+ (M=Ni,Cu,Zn) + CH4, (2) MH+ (M=Ni,Cu,Zn) + H2O, and (3) MH+ (M=Ni,Cu,Zn) + NH3. It has been found that the transition metals with an addition hydrogen ligand ([MH]+ ,M=Ni,Cu,Zn) will firstly attack the CH4, NH3, and H2O molecules respectively to form complexes. Then, through similar transition states (TS), they can induce C-H, N-H, and O-H bond breaking respectively in the CH4, NH3, and H2O molecules, and finally produce hydrogen molecules. We also observe that the potential energy surfaces in reactions of the three metal hydride (NiH+, CuH+, ZnH+) with the three molecules (CH4, NH3, H2O) appear different reaction trend. We will also discuss the related mechanisms in the above reaction systems.


In this paper, hardware implementation of genetic algorithm for Robot path planning in Globally static Environment is presented. Genetic algorithm is modified and implemented in 8-bit Microtontroller (MCU) PIC18F452. The genetic algorithm is designed to decrease number of iteration and processing power by using predefined priorities for parenti initial path generation rather than creating parent paths randomly. The unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) is designed which receives starting node, final destination and obstacles wirelessly, it then create multiple parent paths by using different priorities, cross over to create new child paths, uses distance as fitness function for determining Optimal or shortest path while avoiding the obstacles and uses stepper motors with three- dimensional movements to reach its destination. The environment is 5×5 static Grid Map in which obstacles are known before path planning. The MCU determines optimal path with no obstacles and require minimum distance to reach its destination.


The purpose of our experiments was to discover the effect of different soil cover materials (agroszövet and black polyethylene) on the number of certain microbiological groups (total bacteria, fungi, aerobic cellulose decomposing bacteria, aerob nitrogen-fixing bacteria) occuring in soil. Soil samples were taken from a Cider apple plantation 4 times a year from March to September. The total number of bacteria and fungi number was determined by plate dilution. Physiological groups was determined on specific liquid culture medium according to POCHON-TARDIEUX (1972). Based on one-way ANOVA of our results it could be said that in soil covered by agroszövet (porous black polyethylene) number of all the examined microbes was significantly higher than in case of black polyethylene covering or control. Although conventional black polyethylene proved better than control, this difference was significant only in case of total bacteria number.