ABSTRACT Highly transparent thin films of aluminium doped ZnO along with specific silver co-doping are deposited by sol-gel spin coating, which show preferred single orientation along (100) plane. Presence of Al dopant reduces, whereas co-doping with Ag improves crystallinity. Films show sharp absorption in near UV region and band gap observes minor shifts. UV and blue emission peaks are seen in the photoluminescence spectra. UV and blue emission peaks, respectively, demonstrate a fairly large i.e. 43% and 77% rise in the normalised intensity. Presence of Ag causes rise in UV peak because of enhanced excitonic recombination probability. Rise of blue emission intensity is ascribed to creation of Ag-Al interstitials. Surface roughness increases to 210.0 nm with Al increment into ZnO and drops drastically to 81.1 nm by Ag co-doping. Boundaries of nanostructures club together with rise in Al amount and thereafter Ag co-doping is seen to reduce the particle size.


This paper analyses the firm level determinants of export behaviour of India's selected high-technology manufacturing segments - pharmaceuticals, auto motives and electronics. The selection of these three sectors is justified in two ways. First, the relevance of the inclusion of technologically sophisticated products in a country's export basket. Second, these sectors attracted substantial attention through policies and corporate strategies for developing domestic capability even before the economic liberalisation. This paper investigates how intra sectoral variation in export performance can be explained by decomposing the export behaviour into two - the firms' exporting - non-exporting dichotomy and export intensity. This paper recognizes the characteristics which might serve as potential determinants of exporting activities. This is tested empirically for the sample of firms for each sector, obtained from CMIE Prowess IQ, using Probit and Tobit regression analysis for panel data.


Context. Methods of known kleptography implementations are being investigated. The article focuses mostly on SETUP design of subliminal data leakage channels. Aim. Suggest approach to develop SETUP resistant cryptosystems. Methods. The necessary conditions for SETUP implementation is building in entropy source (otherwise generated secret will be predictable). In this article it's considered subscriber whose protocol implementation is suspected to be modified by Developer (malicious actor who is able to influence on cryptosystem implementation) to create subliminal leakage channel. Possible countermeasure is to prohibit usage own random sources for subscribers, enforce generate random values from public counters. Results. Formal model for basic SETUP scheme has been suggested. Approach to develop of SETUP resistant protocols has been described. Two basic SETUPresistance protocols (nonce generation protocol and Diffie-Hellman key agreement protocol) have been proposed.


Vogl interprets the structural discrediting of knowledge and the corresponding glorification of mere assertion as nothing less than the tectonics of our time. But this diagnosis presupposes that it makes sense to examine different fields in terms of their epistemology – and to measure them against the same standards.


The paper presents a Riverbed simulator implementation with both routing and medium access control (MAC) protocols for mobile ad-hoc network wireless networks with multi-beam smart antennas (MBSAs). As one of the latest promising antenna techniques, MBSAs can achieve concurrent transmissions / receptions in multiple directions/beams. Thus it can significantly improve the network throughput. However, so far there is still no accurate network simulator that can measure the MBSA-based routing/MAC protocol performance. In this paper, we describe the simulation models with the implementation of MBSA antenna model in physical layer, MAC layer, and routing layer protocols, all in Riverbed Modeler. We will compare two routing scenarios, i.e., multi-hop diamond routing scenario and multi-path pipe routing. We will analyze the network performance for those two scenarios and illustrate the advantages of using MBSAs in wireless networks.


The biological model of extraversion and neuroticism identified by Eysenck has stimulated increasing interest in uncovering neurobiological substrate of the two fundamental dimensions. Here we aim to explore brain disturbances underlying extraversion and neuroticism in 87 healthy individuals using fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (LFF) on resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Two different frequency bands, Slow‐5 (0.01–0.027 Hz) exhibiting higher power and involving larger brain regions, and Slow‐4 (0.027–0.073 Hz) exhibiting less power and emerging locally, were analyzed. Our results showed a positive correlation between LFF amplitude at Slow‐5 and extraversion in medial prefrontal cortex and precuneus, important portions of the default mode network, thus suggesting a link between default network activity and personality traits. LFF amplitude at Slow‐5 was correlated positively with neuroticism in right posterior portion of the frontal lobe, further validating neuroticism with frontal lateralization. In addition, LFF amplitude at Slow‐4 was negatively associated with extraversion and neuroticism in left hippocampus (HIP) and bilateral superior temporal cortex (STC) respectively, supporting the hypothesized (inverse) relationship between extraversion and resting arousal, also implying neural circuit underlying emotional process influencing on personality. Overall, these findings suggest the important relationships, between personality and LFF amplitude dynamic, depend on specific frequency bands. Hum Brain Mapp 35:331–339, 2014. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Abstract In this article, I argue that African-American philosophy emerges from a socio-existential context where persons of African descent have been faced with the absurd in the form of white racism (This paper is a substantially revised version on an earlier article. See Yancy, G. (2011). African-American Philosophy through the Lens of Socio-Existential Struggle. Philosophy & Social Criticism, Volume 37: 551–574). The concept of struggle, given the above, functions as both descriptive and heuristic vis-à-vis the meaning of African American philosophy. Expanding upon Charles Mills' concept of non-Cartesian sums, I demonstrate the inextricable link between Black lived experience, struggle, and the morphology of meta-philosophical assumptions and philosophical problems specific to African-American philosophy. Because of the philosophical pretensions of white Western philosophy, with it claims to universal truth and objective knowledge, the particularity of African-American philosophical concerns with questions of embodiment and race is often deemed ersatz or non-philosophical. In this article, I argue that whiteness as the transcendental norm is productive of a form of ignorance endemic to Western philosophical practices that are myopic and hegemonic. Finally, African-American philosophy is theorized as a gift, as a critical counter-narrative that can be deployed to fissure Western philosophy's narcissism.


This study investigates the value of cash holdings among Asian firms: Thailand, The Philippines, Taiwan and Indonesia, which were affected by 1997 Asian financial crisis. Moreover, firms from Australia and New Zealand are analyzed as a comparison. For 3,717 firms from 6 countries between 1991and 2005, the findings indicate that the 1997 Asian financial crisis has impact on firms in Asian countries. Firms' cash holdings do not contribute more to the value of firms during crisis period. Furthermore, the high level of cash has the same impact on firm value between crisis and non-crisis period. Although firms do not gain advantage from cash holdings, they do not lead things getting worse. Indeed, the findings lend support to free cash flow theory.


Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of bank capital, bank liquidity level and credit risk on the profitability of commercial banks in the postcrisis period between 2011 and 2017 in Asian developed economies in comparison with the USA banking industry. The findings show that bank capital and credit risk influence profitability in Asian developed economies similar to in the USA commercial banks, whereas the impact of liquidity on the profitability of the USA large commercial banks is negative and positive on Asian developed economies commercial banks in the postcrisis era. The findings indicate that a 6% increase in capital leads to a 1% increase in profit, a 3.5% increase in liquidity leads to a 1% increase in profit. Specifically, larger banks generate 1% profit against a 1% increase in liquid assets. Medium size banks make 1% profit against a 3% increase in liquid assets, and small size banks produce 1% profit against a 7% increase in liquid assets. The findings show that liquidity influences profitability more intensively than capital, whereas the sign of coefficients is similar for large, small and medium-size banks. The results of this paper indicate that liquidity and bank capital have a positive impact on profitability, while credit risk has a negative influence on the profitability of banks. The findings of the simultaneous equations model indicate that bank capital has a positive impact on profitability in large and medium banks, whereas the profitability of banks influences the bank capital positively in case of large banks and negatively in case of medium banks.


EM AIL v;rran~is~~xsirs.plk.;Il.,iiiil, i~~~ii~~~li~~~~~ n.plk.~~i.~~iil. An optically injected semiconductor laser is iiivesligared analytically numerically and experimentally in the phase drift region. Our numerical analysis is based on the. single mode rate equations (I). Our analytical work is based on a third order differential equation for the phase CP of the electric field which is derived from the rate equations 121. The phase equation is given by


A substrate support apparatus and a plasma processing apparatus. The substrate support apparatus capable of preventing generation of dust. And having a passage hole communicating between the heat conductive member is disposed intermediate the base and the substrate support table, the orifice passage for communicating via hole and the substrate hole via the base station supporting the communication. The orifice passage communicating the bellows barrel elastic member is disposed in a thermally conductive intermediate member, the intermediate thermally conductive member for inert gas communicating with the flow through the orifice passage isolate.


Over the past few decades, researchers have been developing and refining psychological theories and models to provide solid behavioral frameworks for evidence-based research. Each year new theories and models are created; however, a select few appear to have withstood the test of time and continue to be frequently utilized in present-day research. The objectives of this review are to highlight these psychological theories and models and describe their application to various public health issues and behaviors. Descriptions and example applications of the following theories and models are described in this review: health belief model, theory of reasoned action/planned behavior, social cognitive theory, transtheoretical model, and socioecological model.


For many reasons people see things differently. Truth is many-sided. Like the two sides of the shield unlike views may be partial rather than inaccurate. Still there must be a broad line of demarkation between truth and error. It is to be regretted that there should be ideas advanced in your ar ticle on "The Artistic Spirit in Medicine" * that seems to me to belong to the latter category, and thus not in line with pure Homeopathy. You say on page 11, "There is something admirable even in disease." I have never been able to dis cover it. My thought has always been how best to get rid of the disorderly incubus. If you were called to a patient and


We have implemented xylem and phloem transport model (Holtta et al. 2006) with 3D tree model LIGNUM to study how structural traits in tree crown influence the transport in branched architecture with observed transpiration and photosynthetic response to driving environmental variables. We study how structural traits in tree crown influence the xylem and phloem transport and associated pressure gradients when observed transpiration and photosynthetic response to driving environmental variables are applied in branched architecture.


Method of synchronization of actuating mechanisms (4) of prime and second engines which consists in altering the amount of working medium fed to each of those mechanisms in accordance with a correcting signal, which is proportionate to the sum of differences between the signal representing the displacement of the working member (5) of one of the mechanisms (4) and each of the signals representing the displacement of such member of the other mechanisms (4). A device implementing the method comprises a source (15) of working medium connected to a programming device (6), to sensors (10) of the displacement of the working members (5) and to multichamber summing elements (17), the number of which is equal to the number of the synchronized actuating mechanisms (4). Each of the elements (17) comprises an inlet chamber (36) connected to one of the mechanisms (4) and an outlet chamber (37) connected to the inlet chamber (36) and to a means (16) of discharging the working medium and further comprises positive control chambers (24, 26 and 28) ensuring the increase of feeding the working medium through the inlet chamber (36) to the mechanism (4) and negative control chambers (25, 27 and 29) ensuring the decrease of that feeding. The inlet chamber (36) of each of the elements (17) is connected to one of the negative chambers (25, 27 and 29) of the same element (17), one of the positive chambers (24, 26 and 28) of each element (17) is connected to the output of the programming device (6) whereas the output of the sensor (10) of each of the actuating mechanisms (4) is connected to such a number of the negative chambers (25, 27 and 29) of the element (17) connected to the same mechanism (4) whose number is by one unit less than the number of the synchronized mechanisms (4) and further connected to one of the positive chambers (24, 26, 28) of the other elements (17).


The stiffness difference between the abutment and embankment is very easy to cause uneven pavement settlement in subgrade and pavement construction process in bridge transition section,which led to jumping phenomenon,etc.It is necessary to strengthen the structural design to develop a scientific rational procedures to effectively solve the problem of subgrade and pavement construction process in bridge transition section.


Inspired by the well-established variance-based methods for global sensitivity analysis, we develop a local total sensitivity index that decomposes the global total sensitivity conditions by independent variables' values. We employ this local sensitivity index in a new method of experimental design that sequentially and adaptively samples the domain of a multivariate function according to local contributions to the global variance. The method is demonstrated on a nonlinear illustrative example that has a three-dimensional domain and a three-dimensional codomain, but also on a complex, high-dimensional simulation for assessing the industrial viability of the production of bioproducts from biomass.


PURPOSE: A cutting tool assembly is provided to improve the grasping force to a tool shank which is larger in a rear portion than in a front portion. CONSTITUTION: In a non-assembled condition, a male member is provided with a rear cylindrical portion having the longitudinal axis(B) and the diameter(D1), a female member is provided with a hole of a variable diameter having the longitudinal axis(C) and extending backward from a front end of the female member, the hole of the variable diameter has a front end and a rear end, the front end of the hole of the variable diameter has the forward diameter(D2), the rear end of the hole of the variable diameter has the rear diameter(D3, D3) is larger than D2, and D1 is larger than D2 and D3. In the assembled condition, the rear cylindrical portion of the male member is held at least partially within the female member so that the forward diameter(D2) and the rear diameter(D3) of the diameter of the variable diameter are equal to the diameter D1 of the rear cylindrical portion, and the axis B agrees with the axis C, and grasped by the hole of the variable diameter of the female member.


As the only English version of Francis Mercury van Helmont's foundational treatise of Christian Kabbalism, this bilingual edition, with a facsimile of the original Latin facing the translation and author's footnotes, contains a critical introduction, as well as supplementary endnotes.


It is important to study the identification of fault types in lithium-ion battery energy storage station for energy storage safety. In grid-level energy storage, the fault types that trigger thermal runaway (TR) of lithium batteries mainly include thermal abuse and electrical abuse. This paper proposes a method to identify the fault types of lithium battery energy storage station based on thermal runaway gas generation. The process and gas generation mechanism of Li-ion battery thermal runaway is firstly briefly introduced. 50 Ah LiFePO4 battery is used as the research object to build a characteristic gas concentration experimental platform, and the Li-ion battery thermal runaway is triggered by overcharge and electric heating. Compared with the traditional battery management system, this method can effectively detect the fault types triggering thermal runaway of Li-ion batteries in the storage compartment, improving the fault detection efficiency.


Welded joints of turbine runners are one of the most critical parts of Francis turbines due to the presence of welding discontinuity and high stress. Because of thermal cycles, solidification, cooling distortion and residual stresses, welded joints always include discontinuities of different types and sizes. Some specific parameters will limit welding flaw dimensions in some or all direction based on the joint geometry, material and welding procedure. If discontinuities of critical size remain undetected, fatigue cracks might initiate and propagate in these zones because of dynamic in-service stresses leading to high repair costs and long down times. Therefore, reliable NDT methods and good knowledge of the probability of occurrence of welding flaws is important for fatigue life estimations. Every NDT method has its weaknesses; therefore, even after meticulous inspections it is likely for some discontinuities of critical sizes to remain in the welded joint. Our objective is to clarify the probability of detection and occurrence of different types of welding flaws in hydroelectric turbine runners. Furthermore, an overview of current nondestructive inspection methods and their capability in characterizing flaw dimensions will be discussed. Finally, advanced NDT techniques, for the characterization of welded joints integrity, will be proposed.


This chapter concludes by summarizing the main contributions of the book around four themes: (1) the existence of multiple types of reformism; (2) the role of ideas and their dissemination; (3) the role of civil society organizations; and (4) the salience of timing, sequence, and path dependence. Each section outlines the specific theme, its role in the argument of the book, and the empirical evidence that pertains to it. The discussion in each section also delves into the broader implications of each theme for theories of political institutions, state formation, and modernization.


The study of reservoir fractures in this paper includes in-situ fracture identification,fracture space distribution prediction and fracture parameter quantitative characterization.By means of surface outcrop survey,core observation and thin-section analysis,the deep reservoir fractures in Nanyishan anticline structure in Qaidam basin are described quantitatively,and the structural fracture spatial distribution is predicted,combined with the result of finite element modeling of the tectonic stress field.Finally,this paper optimizes and evaluates some local areas of the fracture-developed zones.


In this paper,the effect of different fertilizer application on growth characters and nutrient accumulation of Chinese jujube were studied by field experiment.Compared with control treatment,the growth of length of tip,thickness of tip,thickness of leave,height of the plant and accumulation of N,P2O5 and K2O in thin branch of hanging fruit increased with fertilizer application.However,excessive application of fertilizer could not significantly increase the growth of Chinese jujube and nutrient absorption.The optimal N,P2O5 and K2O fertilizer application rate of Chinese jujube that were cultivated about 6 years were 240-600,450,30-75 kg/hm2 for growth and nutrient accumulation.


The Communications Web site, http://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of Communications, we'll publish selected posts or excerpts. twitter Follow us on Twitter at http://twitter.com/blogCACM http://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm John Langford examines the results of the NIPS experiment, while Mark Guzdial considers the role of class size in teaching computer science.


The aims of this study are to reinterpret the transparency of architectural works of Jean Nouvel and Kazuyo Sejima and to suggest new possibility for the expression of `visual lightness` in exhibition unit space design. In order to develop the transfigured form by understanding architectural concept and limitation of materiality in architectural tectonics, lightness of materiality were experimented with translucent materials and organizing unit spaces in various methods. The expression of lightness in unit exhibition spaces were to be simplified by abstraction with the see-through materials, such as wire meshes. The exhibition units space experiments went in two folds; for the first one, the lightness of materiality and visual transparency were being mixed and making a new kind of see-through exhibition space was possible, for the second one, when more than two wire mesh materials are overlapped by box-in-box strategy, double sights and moire effects for some new types of virtuality were to be found. Therefore, the new aspect of actuality by see-through materiality were shown by these design experiments and also, the conceptual thought that is beyond material existence, were introduced. Briefly speaking, this study is meaningful in the sense that sensibility of constructive materials of exhibition space have been experimented with 'material transparency' and 'material lightness', and that it suggests the possibility of new expression for the 'lightness' in relation with contemporary architectural design concepts on transparency.


Objective
To study the role of vagusism on diethytlnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats and to explore its mechanism.

Methods
The rat vagus nerve was labeled with 1, 1'-dioctadecyl-3, 3, 3'3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) tracer. The rats were divided into three groups: cancer induced rat models (cancer-induced group, n=20), cancer-induced and vagal detachment models (combined group, n=20) and normal rats (negative group, n=20), HE staining was performed on the liver tissue biopsied from the three groups of rats. The pathological grading score was evaluated and statistically analyzed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staing was used to determine the expression of vagal neurotransmitters and related receptors in liver tissue.

Results
The optimal concentration (1 mg/ml) and fixation duration with formalin (4 days) of DiI tracer marker vagal nerve demonstrated superior distribution and density of vagus nerve in the liver tissue. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly higher in the cancer-induced group (75%) than combined group (15%), the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). The M3 receptor expression detected with IHC staining shown there were statistical differences among cancer-induced group (8.95), combined group (6.30) and negative group (3.60) (all P<0.05).

Conclusion
The vagus nerve may play an important role in the development of DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats.

Key words:
Hepatocellular carcinoma; Vagus nerve; 1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,33-tetramethylindo-carbocyanine perchlorate (DiI); Diethytlnitrosamine; Neurotransmitters


The common bond linking feminist theories of identity politics and process ontologies is that, while differing in their ontological presuppositions, both are modes of representation of an external reality, asserting an unverifiable correspondence between our mental representations and an antecedent, external reality. To escape the quagmire of representationalism, Ihnji Jon turns to transitionalist pragmatism in a radical move that redirects attention from intellectual debates between contending theorists to charting a route to practical reconstruction. Jon's pragmatist turn transcends enduring dualisms that have hampered knowledge production since the Greeks while posing daunting challenges to the purpose and process of political practice and social inquiry.


By combining with the construction practice in recent years,the paper analyzes the reasons for the leakage in external walls in residential projects,points out some relative precautions and treatment measures,and controls strictly every points by adopting the advanced and scientific craft and new materials,so as to reduce the chance of the similar common diseases,and to improve the quality of the architectural projects.


The aim of this article is to address the methodology behind de-arbitraging a realistic volatility surface and stressing it without adding arbitrages. We derive from basic principles the constraints which the changes on the strike and the tenor axis must satisfy in order to make a volatility surface arbitrage-free. The two most influential parameterized versions of the volatility surface will then be discussed, along with their origin and their limitations. Furthermore, this review will address the issues of finding the closest arbitrage-free volatility surface through the gSVI method, a more realistic parameterized version of the volatility surface applicable to the FX, commodities, and equities markets. Finally, using examples, the methodology behind coherently stressing this arbitrage-free volatility surface will be looked at, in order to capture and isolate the risk associated with higher-order Greeks like the Vanna or the Vomma.


Since the original article on amniotic pulmonary embolism by Steiner and Lushbaugh in 1941, numerous other papers on the condition have appeared in the literature. We have been unable, however, to find anything in the radiologic literature regarding the roentgen features. This may be due partially to the rarity of the occurrence and also to the fact that death frequently ensues before radiographs can be obtained. Recently we had the opportunity of following a case of nonfatal amniotic pulmonary embolism and were able to study its radiographic features. Case Presentation A 34-year-old white Primigravida had several hospital admissions for hyperemesis during her pregnancy, the course of which was otherwise uneventful. On Sept. 9, 1959, she was admitted to the hospital for induction of labor. Physical examination on admission was negative. The blood count and urinalysis were within normal limits. Labor was induced by pitocin, and the patient, with a vertex presentation, was delivered with low forceps after t...


In a recent paper [Phys. Rev. A 82, 063623 (2010)] Hallwood et al. argued that it is feasible to create large superposition states with strongly interacting bosons in rotating rings. Here we investigate in detail how the superposition states in rotating-ring lattices depend on interaction strength and barrier height. With respect to the latter we find a trade-off between energy gap and quality of the superposition state. Most importantly, we go beyond the {delta}-function approximation for the barrier potential and show that the energy gap decreases exponentially with the number of particles for weak barrier potentials of finite width. These are crucial issues in the design of experiments to realize superposition states.


REFERENCES 1. Bamber JH, Sobers S. The need to consider the women's perspective: neuraxial anaesthesia and cesarean delivery for morbidly adherent placenta. Anesth Analg. 2019;128:e56–e57. 2. Markley JC, Farber MK, Perlman NC, Carusi DA. Neuraxial anesthesia during cesarean delivery for placenta previa with suspected morbidly adherent placenta: a retrospective analysis. Anesth Analg. 2018;127:930–938. 3. Beckett VA, Knight M, Sharpe P. The CAPS study: incidence, management and outcomes of cardiac arrest in pregnancy in the UK: a prospective, descriptive study. BJOG. 2017;124:1374–1381. 4. Kinsella SM. A prospective audit of regional anaesthesia failure in 5080 caesarean sections. Anaesthesia. 2008;63:822–832. 5. Hawkins JL, Chang J, Palmer SK, Gibbs CP, Callaghan WM. Anesthesia-related maternal mortality in the United States: 1979-2002. Obstet Gynecol. 2011;117:69–74. 6. Carusi DA. The placenta accreta spectrum: epidemiology and risk factors. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2018;61:733–742.


Introduction: The emergence and spread of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing problem worldwide and it presents a significant threat to public health globally. Substantial evidence has shown that health care workers play a role in the increase of antibiotic resistance. The main aim of this study was to explore the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of the healthcare workers on therational use of antibiotics in the Primary Health Care Facilities in Lilongwe District.Materials and method(s): This was a cross-sectional quantitative study that was carried out in three primary health care facilities in Lilongwe District. All the Clinicians and Nurses in the selected health facilities were requested to participate in the study using a purposive a simple random technique. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were utilized to collect relevant information. Data on the knowledge, attitude and practice of the primary health care workers was analyzed using SPSS and was presented in graphs and tables.Results: The study sample size was 73 participants however only 72 study participants responded to the questionnaire representing 98.6% response rate. Most of the participants (69/72) agreed that the rational use of antibiotics is giving the right antibiotic to theright patient in the right dose for the right duration;51,4% (37/72) of the participants responded that antibiotics cure viral infections. Most of the participants, 88.9% (64/72) agreed that it is important to know the resistance rate of the bacteria and 83.3% (60/72) agreed that Prescribing antibiotics is more influenced by the availability of antibiotics than the cause of infection.Conclusion: This study revealed that most of health care workers possess average knowledge about the rational use of antibiotics. However, their attitude and practice on the rational use of antibiotics were still poor.


Ball and beam system is a classical instable system whose mathematical model is constructed in this paper.Based on the model,double close-loop control strategy is proposed and a genetic algorithm is used to determine the parameters of its PID controllers,which improves the performance of ball and beam system significantly.


RoboCup is an international research and education initiative, which aims to foster artificial intelligence and robotics research by using competitive soccer as a standard problem. This paper presents a detailed engineering design process and the outcome for an omni-directional mobile robot platform for the Robocup Middle Size League competition. A prototype that can move omnidirectionally with kicking capability was designed, built, and tested by a group of senior students. The design included a mechanical base, pneumatic kicking mechanism, a DSP microcontroller-based control system, various sensor interfacing units, and the analysis of omnidirectional motions. The testing results showed that the system was able to move omnidirectionally with a speed of ∼2 m/s and able to kick a size 5 FIFA soccer ball for a distance of at least 5 meters.


One of the fundamental notions of realization of sustainable city within the framework of the theory of sustainable development is what affects the urban green spaces as well as the influence they may have. As the upshot of years€ worth of experiences in the ideology of Iranian urban design, Iranian garden is of magnificently high position which possesses the potentials to act as the green space with a variety of functions to serve the promotion of sustainability in today€s cities. Closely studying Dolat Abad garden as one example of the exquisite Iranian garden architecture in a comparative analysis, this study examines the role of gardens in the achievement of today€s cities to sustainability within the frameworks of the theory of sustainable city. It will also attempt to prove the hypothesis regarding that Dolat Abad garden and the Taj Mahal have established themselves as sustainable elements in the two contemporary cities of Yazd and Agra, and will accordingly continue to remain so.


TPS762 Background: Overcoming resistance to chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors remains an unmet need for PDAC. In this context, TGF-β plays a key role in PDAC by promoting the activation of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix deposition, facilitating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, immune evasion, and resistance to chemotherapy. Combination of FOLFIRINOX with losartan, an indirect TGF-β inhibitor with antifibrotic properties, has shown an increased R0 resection rate in pts with BR/LA PDAC, providing the rationale to explore the combination of other TGF-β targeting agents with FOLFIRINOX in the neoadjuvant setting (PMID: 34884782; PMID: 31145418). NIS793 is a first-in-class monoclonal antibody that directly binds TGF-β and reduces intratumoral fibrosis in preclinical models (PMID: 33298926). NIS793 also has an acceptable safety profile and preliminary clinical activity. This study investigates whether NIS793 modulation of the tumor fibrotic network improves clinical outcomes of FOLFIRINOX neoadjuvant therapy in BR/LA PDAC. Our aim is to demonstrate how TGF-β inhibition and stroma remodeling contribute to clinical outcomes. Methods: This is a single institution, open label, 2-part, 2-arm, non-comparator, Phase Ib study (NCT05417386) of FOLFIRINOX + NIS793 as neoadjuvant therapy for pts with untreated BR/LA PDAC. Eligible pts are adults with measurable disease, adequate organ and bone marrow function, and ECOG PS ≤1. In Part 1 (safety run-in), 6-18 pts with histologically confirmed untreated metastatic PDAC receive FOLFIRINOX + NIS793 at different dose levels. Dose escalation is primarily guided by the number of dose-limiting toxicities. Primary objectives are assessing safety, defining the recommended Phase II dose (RP2D), and providing initial evidence of clinical benefit of the combination. In Part 2, pts with untreated BR/LA PDAC are randomized 4:1 and stratified by BR vs LA. Pts in Arm 1 (n=5) receive 8 cycles of FOLFIRINOX followed by chemoradiation therapy (CRT) and surgery. Pts in Arm 2 (n=23) receive 8 cycles of FOLFIRINOX + NIS793 at RP2D followed by CRT + NIS793, surgery, and 12 cycles of adjuvant NIS793. The primary endpoint is R0 resection rate. Secondary endpoints are disease-free survival, progression-free survival, overall survival, and pathologic complete response. The effect of neoadjuvant therapy will be assessed by ferumoxytol-MRI, circulating cell-free DNA dynamics analysis, single-cell RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and digital spatial analysis. Together, these correlative analyses may enable development of a mechanistic model for TGF-β inhibition in PDAC. This study is ongoing. The first pt was treated on Aug 2, 2022. Clinical trial information: NCT05417386 .


Based on the investigation of pore water states, by use of Kohgo's suction feature theory, suction is divided into two parts, i.e. the effective stress and the inner stress, and it is found that the inner stress only causes plastic deformation. A model for calculation of the two kinds of stresses by the characteristic curve of water content is introduced, and the elastoplastic model for saturated soil is extended for unsaturated soil. The present method is of clear concept and good suitability, and it needs few test parameters, which can be determined by triaxial tests. The feasibility of the method can be verified by triaxial tests.


In technically developed countries in which acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a risk to the recipients of blood or tissue, it is mandatory to screen the donor for evidence of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection. Current tests, based on enzyme‐ linked immunoassay, are time‐consuming and expensive and as such are unsuitable for developing countries. We describe a second generation test using anti‐human IgG coupled to red cells as the indicator of antibody having reacted with test antigen (1). The test is complete within ten minutes, simple to perform and to read and has 100% sensitivity and 99% specificity compared with Western blot. It is ideal for the rapid screening of organ donors and for the screening of blood donors where cost is a major consideration.


Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the seventh most common cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and has a male preponderance. The gender-based differences in clinical presentation and risk factor exposure are not fully studied. The aim of this study was to compare males and females with this disease.
 We retrospectively investigated the clinical data of 503 consecutive patients with ESCC from April 2011 to December 2019. Data collected included patient demographics, clinical presentation, pathology and risk factor exposure. We analyzed the differences in clinical characteristics and risk factor exposure between males and females with ESCC.
 Four hundred and sixty-nine patients with ESCC were included. The male to female ratio was 4.6:1. There was no significant difference in clinical presentation and pathology. There were significant differences between risk factor exposure between the two genders: smoking and alcohol consumption was an association in more than 90% of males but in less than 50% of females. The analysis including all patients showed no significant difference in survival rates, but when limited to patients with stage 3 or higher disease, survival rates were significantly higher in females (Figure).
 Smoking and alcohol consumption, traditionally considered risk factors, are less associated with female patients with ESCC, and other environmental risk factors might be more involved in this gender.


The measurement of environmental neutrons is particularly important in the search for new physics, such as dark matter particles, because neutrons constitute an often-irreducible background source. The measurement of the neutron energy spectra in the sub-MeV scale is technically difficult because it requires a very good energy resolution and a very high γ -ray rejection power. In this study, we used a super-fine-grained nuclear emulsion, called Nano Imaging Tracker (NIT), as a neutron detector. The main target of neutrons is the hydrogen (proton) content of emulsion films. Through a topological analysis, proton recoils induced by neutron scattering can be detected as tracks with sub-micrometric accuracy. This method shows an extremely high γ -ray rejection power, at the level of 3 × 10 7 γ cm − 2 , which is equivalent to 3 years accumulation of environmental γ -rays, and a very good energy and direction resolution even in the sub-MeV energy region. In order to carry out this measurement with sufficient statistics, we upgraded the automated scanning system to achieve a speed of 250 g/year/machine. We calibrated the detector performance of this system with 880 keV monochromatic neutrons: a very good agreement with the expectation was found for all the relevant kinematic variables. The application of the developed method to a sample exposed at the INFN Gran Sasso surface laboratory provided the first measurement of sub-MeV environmental neutrons with a flux of (5 . 9 ± 1 . 2) × 10 − 3 cm − 2 s − 1 in the proton energy range between 0.25 and 1 MeV (corresponds to neutron energy range between 0.25 and 10 MeV), consistent with the prediction. The neutron energy and direction distributions also show a good agreement.


PURPOSE: A printing device, a controlling method thereof, a reading device, and a controlling method thereof are provided to give model information of new ranges and to obtain the model information from a management device. CONSTITUTION: A model information storing unit(102) stores model information of a printing device. A communication unit(101) receives a transmission request of the model information. A controlling unit(105) transmits the model information to the computer through the communication unit according to a transmission request. The controlling unit transmits the specific information based on a first form in response to the transmission request. [Reference numerals] (10) Recording device; (101,201) Communication unit; (102) Model ID storing unit; (103) Control program storing unit; (104) Recording unit; (105) Controlling unit; (20) Managing device; (202) Model ID obtaining unit; (203) Control program DB storing unit; (204) Control program subscription unit


It has been suggested that "highly active antiretroviral therapy" (HAART) caused resolution of secondary pulmonary cancers. The question then is: 'Do antiretroviral drugs (ARD) possess anti‐cancer properties, and if so, then how? Efavirenz, a Non‐Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI) and a first line drug used to manage HIV‐1 infection in both adults and children, is hereby investigated, in comparison with the known anti‐angiogenic and anti‐cancer drug, thalidomide.


Traditionally, it is assumed that high (low) customer satisfaction leads to positive (negative) word of mouth. However, previous research has ignored that in some situations, consumers will tend to give positive WOM about a recent negative experience, because they feel ashamed or embarrassed about admitting a negative experience or a bad choice. In this paper, we discuss the theoretical background of such opportunistic behavior in consumer-to-consumer exchanges and present the results of an exploratory pilot and a subsequent experi-mental study which show that such behavior mainly takes place when consumers are commu-nicating to weak ties about high-involvement products.


by just anyone, but rather a complete and original piece, even allowing for the polishing effect of the translation. Moreover, we are struck by the edifying or didactic effect produced by its concentrated and economic style. Such points as these support the supposition that the editorial work, the results of which are found in Vat. Syr. 103 and the scholia manuscripts, may be attributed in part to Jacob himself, who wrote not only for a scholarly audience, but also strove to instruct his readers on a more popular level. Here two of Jacob's books spring to mind, the Book of Scholia and the Shorter Commentary.


Branched polymers containing ferrocene have attracted much attention due to their redox and magnetic characteristics, among others. The recent research progress in synthetic methods of branched ferrocene-based polymers, as well as their properties and applications in supramolecular recognition and as precursors of magnetic materials, are reviewed in this paper.


In this note, we present the closed form solution for the joint distribution of the range and terminal value of a Brownian motion. Based on this distribution we build a range scaled terminal value distribution and show the derivation steps of its density, further s-density. Finally, we sample the s-density from different groups of currency pairs and compare them with theoretical result.


This document presents the method for determination of the fundamental frequency of the tram frame and the forced frequencies caused by the ...... force during the wheel jump from the casual railway falling and raising. This method is proposed to determine the reasons of the appearance of cracks in the tram cart binders. The method is based on the measurement of the linear and angular accelerations in all three axes in the region of the .... suspension. All accelerations are measured by quad sensor system and the data are processed by the MATLAB script. The obtained results show that the measured fundamental frequency is very closed to the theoretical value. Key-Words: inertial sensors, tram cart


Using monoclonal antibodies against the M and B subunit isoforms of creatine kinase (CK) we have investigated their distribution in developing human skeletal and cardiac muscle immunohistochemically. It is demonstrated that in skeletal muscle, a switch from CK‐B to CK‐M takes place around the week 8 of development, whereas in the developing heart, CK‐M is the predominant isoform from the earliest stage examined onward (i.e., 4½ weeks of development). In all hearts examined, local differences in concentration of the CK isoforms are observed. The CK‐M expression in the developing outflow tract (OFT) and conduction system is described in detail. Between the weeks 5 and 7 of development, the distal portion of the OFT is characterized by low CK‐M expression, whereas around the week 8–10 of development the myocardium around the developing semilunar valves in the OFT expresses a very high level of CK‐M. At all stages examined, a relatively low CK‐M level is observed in those regions in which the "slow" components of the conduction system do develop (e.g., the sinoatrial junction and atrioventricular junction), whereas a relatively high concentration of CK‐M is observed in those areas that are destined to become the "fast" components, i.e., the subendocardial myocardium of the ventricles. The high expression of CK‐M in the developing "fast components" of the conduction system contrasts with the relatively low expression of CK‐M in the force‐producing myocardium of the interventricular septum and free ventricular wall.


The coordinated design problem of SVC(Static Var Compensator) based controller with multiple Power system stabilizers(PSS) is formulated as an optimization problem and optimal controller parameters are obtained using Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO).A two-area test system is used to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach for determining the controller parameters for power system stability improvement. Tuning of the PID controller of shunt FACTS devices for improving the performance of the power system. The performance of two parallel FACTS devices-the SVC and STATCOM has been examined in terms of their ability to provide damping to the power system. The outputs of PID controllers have been used to modulate the thyristor firing angle signal. The nonlinear simulation results show that SVC improves the transient stability and coordinated design of SVC-based controller and PSSs improve greatly the system damping. Finally, the coordinated design problem is extended to a two-area system and the results show that the inter-area and local modes of oscillations are well damped with the proposed PSO-optimized controllers. The simulation of single machine infinite system with and without controller has been developed. The simulation results of the controller tuning by conventional and PSO approach has been presented. The PSO method for tuning the gains/parameters of the PID controller has a small oscillations and fast response for SVC-PI controller than other controller and tuning methods.PSO technique is applied to determine the controller parameters of SVC. The coordinated design of SVC-based controller and PSSs using PSO technique, improve greatly the system stability by damping out the power system oscillations quickly, under severe and small disturbance conditions. The performance of the power system has been improved significantly by modulating the SVC bus voltage following the disturbance and the damping has been improved considerably


The paper presents a numerical study on the effects of the column over-desigh factor on earthquake responses of moment resistant frames composed of concrete filled tubular (CFT) columns. The first objective is to compare the response characteristics of the beam collapse mechanism and the column collapse mechanism in which outer columns remain in elastic. The second is to demonstrate that the column collapse mechanism would be one of the effective earthquake-resistant mechanisms for CFT structures. To achieve the objectives, a dynamic response analysis was performed, where the major analytical parameters were: (1) the types of mechanisms; (2) ratios of the column over-design factors; and (3) types and intensities of earthquake ground motions.


The structural evolution of graphene on Ni(111) is investigated as a function of growth temperature by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Low temperature (400–500 °C) growth results in a continuous but highly defective film with small ordered graphene domains and disordered domains composed of Stone–Wales (SW)-like defects. As the growth temperature is increased, the disordered domains shrink leaving small clusters of defects alongside epitaxially matched graphene. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate the crucial role of the metallic support for the healing of SW defects, as the interaction with the substrate leads to a stabilization of the reaction intermediate. This work highlights the effect of the graphene–substrate interaction on the temperature dependence of the defect concentration in epitaxial graphene on Ni(111).


Background  Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is recognized as the gold standard for discriminating unilateral subtype of primary aldosteronism (PA) but with pitfalls. New noninvasive methods are to be developed. Aim was to investigate the value of computed tomography (CT) based left versus right adrenal gland volume ratio (L/Rv) in discriminating unilateral and bilateral PA.
Methods  This study recruited 114 patients with successful AVS and adrenal CT in West China Hospital of Sichuan University. The patients were divided into three groups according to AVS results, which comprising AVS-left, AVS-bilateral (AVS-bi) and AVS-right PA. The volumes of left and right adrenal gland were semi-automatically calculated. The L/Rv of each patient was computed and its value in PA subclassification was analyzed.
Findings  The mean value of L/Rv was larger in AVS-left patients, smaller in AVS-right patients than those in AVS-bi patients. In AVS-left PA patients, the best cutoff value of L/Rv was 1.344 (AUC 0.851, sensitivity 80.0%, specificity 78.1%). The optimal cutoff value was 1.908, by which 46.0% (23/50) AVS-left PA patients could be  identified without misdiagnosis. In AVS-right PA patients, the best cutoff value of L/Rv was 1.267 (AUC 0.868, specificity 72.8%, sensitivity 87.9%). The optimal cutoff value was 0.765, by which 27.3% (9/ 33) AVS-right PA patients could be identified without  misdiagnosis.
Interpretation  L/Rv is applicable index to assist identifying unilateral PA patient for surgery. PA patients with L/Rv >1.908 or 35 years, could be spared AVS before surgery.
Funding: Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province (2017FZ0066).
Declaration of Interest: We declare no competing interests.
Ethical Approval: The study protocol was approved by Ethical Committee of West China Hospital of Sichuan University (2017-378) and adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. All subjects provided informed consent.


Tea plant damages induced by high temperature and drought included scorched leaves and drying of whole plant,which resulting in decrease in tea yield.The factors influencing the drought and thermal damages of tea plant were reviewed.Control and prevention measures were discussed.


Metallic nanoparticles can localize the incident light to hotspots as plasmon oscillations, where the intensity can be increased up to four orders of magnitude. Even though the lifetime of plasmons are typically short, it can be increased via interactions with quantum emitters, e.g. spaser nano-lasers. However, molecules can bleach in days. Here, we study the lifetime enhancement of plasmon excitations due to the coupling with longer lifetime dark plasmon modes. Exact solutions of the 3D Maxwell equations, i.e. FDTD, demonstrates that the lifetime of the coupled system increases, as also predicted by a basic oscillator model. We report an optimum bright-dark plasmon mode coupling, where lifetime enhancement becomes maximum, and show that no precise positioning of the nanostructures is required to obtain enhanced lifetime.


Photoemission yields (photoelectrons/photon absorbed) are investigated for small spheres (radius a) whose dimensions are comparable with the length from which the photoelectrons are thought to be ejected and with the wavelength λ of the incident light. These yields can be greater than for the usual plane surfaces by a factor of 2 or more, especially when 2πα⪝λ. If interstellar dust grains are as small (α ≈ 102 A) as suggested by some recent investigations, their photoemission yield will be enhanced over laboratory measurements by this factor.


The influence of the silicon content (3, 5, 7, 11 and 15 %) on the parameters of a silumin microstructure and temperature coefficient of linear expansion has been investigated. As a result of the research it has been established that the change of the silicon content in silumin allows to disperse structural components and increase a volume fraction of an eutectic. The effective influence of increase of the silicon content in silumins from 5 to 15 % for decrease in temperature coefficient of linear expansion and elimination of anomaly of thermal expansion is shown.


Abstract In this paper, a novel networked model predictive control (MPC) scheme based on neighbourhood optimization is presented for on-line optimization and control of large-scale systems. Under network environment, the connectivity of the communication network is assumed to be sufficient for each subsystem to exchange information with its neighbour subsystems. A networked MPC algorithm with one-step delay communication is developed for the situation that there is a one-step delay in the information available from other subsystems when a subsystem solves its local optimization problem. The nominal stability with one-step delay communication is employed for distributed control systems without the inequality constraints. Finally, the simulation study of the reactor-storage-separator system is provided to test the effectiveness of the proposed networked MPC algorithm.


In recent years,China's aviation industry has gained visible progress.Meanwhile,China's aviation law system has become more and more complete.However,many problems still exist in this system.There especially is a lack of a unified aviation law,which limits the development of China's aviation industry,and general aviation in particular,and hinders the economic growth.This article attempts to put forward some basic concept and proposals for China's unified aviation law system through analysis of the existing problems in our current aviation law system.


Good things have been happening to the Journal of Trauma & Dissociation (JTD). In this editorial, I first report on a number of these excellent developments. I also discuss one new concern for JTD—plagiarism in some submitted articles—that has come to light because of new detection methods. This consideration of intellectual integrity leads me to some more general thoughts about superficiality in the evaluation of intellectual contributions and in ethics education.


Objective:Extraction method and functional activity of collagen that is extracted from residue that is insoluble in any medium polar solvent by ultrasonic extraction andsupercritical CO2 extraction are studied. Finally the optimal enzymolysis conditionsare obtained.Methods: Quantitative content of collagen in deer antler (residue) by quantitate hydroxyproline. Sika deer antler collagen is prepared by enzymolysis of papain. According to single factor test and the orthogonal design, the optimal enzymatic conditions aredetermined by the extraction rate of collagen as evaluation indicator. And functional activity are tested which include antioxidant capacity, hydroxyl free radical scavenging ability, DPPH scavenging ability of the test and keratinocyte cell test.Results: The content of collagen in the deer antler (residue) is 4.5795%,the best extraction process is 2% optimum enzyme dosage , PH 6.0, 1:20 solid-liquid ratio, enzymolysis time 66h at 10°C. The extraction rate of collagen of the deer antler is 54.59%.The protein is collagen by UV spectroscopy.Functional tests are showed a good functionality and growth and reproduction capacity.


SUMMARY A compact optical polarization converter (PC) based on slot waveguide has been proposed in this study. Utilizing the high refractive index contrast between a Si waveguide and SiO 2 cladding on the silicon- on-insulator platform, the light beam can be strongly confined in a slot waveguide structure. The proposed PC consists of a square waveguide and an L -shape cover waveguide. Since the overall structure is symmetrically distributed along the axis rotated 45-degree from the horizontal direction, the optical axis of this PC lies in the direction with equi-angle from two orthogonally polarized modes of the input and output ends, which leads to a high polarization conversion e ffi ciency (PCE). 3D FDTD simulation results illustrate that a TE-to-TM mode conversion is achieved with a device length of 8.2 μ m, and the PCE exceeds 99.8%. The structural tolerance and wavelength dependence of the PC have also been discussed in detail.


There are two influenza A subtypes (H1 and H3) and two influenza B lineages (Victoria and Yamagata) that currently co‐circulate in humans. In this study, we report the development of a six‐plex droplet digital RT‐PCR (ddRT‐PCR) assay that can detect HA and M segments of influenza A (H1, H3, and M) and influenza B (Yamagata HA, Victoria HA, and M) viruses in a single reaction mixture. It can simultaneously detect six different nucleic acid targets in a ddRT‐PCR platform.


Amorphous materials are being used or studied in electrophotography, thin film electronics, solar voltaic cells and many other areas. This article surveys these applications of amorphous solids, discussing how their physical properties can be exploited to the full


This paper proposes an application of compressive imaging systems to the problem of wide-area video surveillance systems.A parallel coded aperture compressive imaging system and a corresponding motion target detection algorithm in video using compressive image data are developed.Coded masks with random Gaussian,Toeplitz and random binary are utilized to simulate the compressive image respectively.For compressive images,a mixture of the Gaussian distribution is applied to the compressed image field to model the background.A simple threshold test in compressive sampling image is used to declare motion objects.Foreground image retrieval from underdetermined measurement using the total variance optimization algorithm is explored.The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is employed to evaluate the image quality recovered from the compressive sampling signals,and receiver operation characteristic (ROC)curves are used to quantify the performance of the motion detection algorithm.Experimental results demonstrate that the low dimensional compressed imaging representation is sufficient to determine spatial motion targets.Compared with the random Gaussian and Toeplitz mask,motion detection algorithms using the random binary phase mask can yield better detection results.However using the random Gaussian and Toeplitz phase mask can achieve high resolution reconstructed images.


On December 6, 1883 in Delaware, Ohio, USA, Warren Cumming Platt was born. After dropping out of school in 1902, Warren found employment as a reporter covering local news, the police beat and sports at several newspapers including the Cleveland Plain Dealer, Cleveland Leader and finally the Cleveland News, where in 1904 he became a general assignment reporter covering energy and the Cleveland-based Standard Oil Trust Company. Fascinated by the then raging battles between John D. Rockefeller's expanding empire and independent oil companies, Warren got his first thirst for promoting greater transparency in the energy marketplace through the expansion of information flow.


Corona is a result of biological molecules and nanoparticles tend to each other and mainly refers to the case of proteins. The formation of the non-protein corona, i.e. carbohydrate and amino acids, and identifying the variations in their biological behavior were the purposes of this paper. The current study focused on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), (20 and 120 nm), interaction with model small biomolecules, monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), and amino acids (histidine, cysteine, and tryptophan). The study considered the formation and composition of the corona as well as the characteristics and variations of carbohydrates/amino acids affected by AgNPs. Coronas were synthesized using the chemical reduction method, and their interactions with small biomolecules were monitored using response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that treating glucose with smaller nanoparticles (20 nm) caused an increase in their size, agglomeration and aggregation, and a decrease in their homogeneity range. In the case of larger nanoparticles (120 nm), the glucose treatment caused the size to increase to ≥1 µm. Unlike glucose, fructose treatment had no influence on the size or stability of AgNPs.


Design of three phase 208/240 Vac, 380/415 Vac, and a 480 Vac input, 54 V dc/200 Adc output telecom rectifiers using the same DC-DC converters is described. The 208/240 Vac rectifier has four 50 Amp DC-DC converters connected in parallel at the inputs and outputs. The DC-DC converters utilize current mode control to insure equal load sharing between DC-DC converters. To allow the use of the same DC-DC converters in a 380 or 480 Vac input design, a split input capacitor bank is utilized. The 480 Vac rectifier has the same four 50 Amp DC-DC converters connected in parallel at the output; at the input, a split capacitor bank is used with two converters across each input capacitor. With a split input capacitor bank, to maintain voltage balance on the input capacitors and equal load sharing between DC-DC converters, current mode control alone is inadequate. A capacitor bank balance control loop was developed to insure that the input capacitor's voltage and the DC-DC converter's output currents remain balanced. The mechanism causing the split input capacitor bank to unbalance is discussed and the bank balance circuit is presented. Finally, results obtained from a 480 Vac input, 54 V dc/200 A dc output telecom rectifier are used to verify the operation of the bank balance circuit. Also, the advantages and disadvantages of using multiple DC-DC converters in different series/parallel combinations are discussed.


The utility model discloses a solar energy optical generation component, comprising a shell and a protection lid covered on the shell, wherein the shell is equipped with an electric connector and a by-pass diode inside and is equipped with a radiating fin on the position relative to the by-pass diode, and the by-pass diode is insulated fixed on the radiating fin via a conducting insulated strip. The utility model has the metal radiating fin which increasing the radiating area of the by-pass diode thereby letting the by-pass diode more convenient in radiating.


Introduce the application of gas floatation technology in coal pressure gasification waste water at Harbin Gasification Plant,and expound its process principle and scheme.


Oral clefts and ectrodactyly are common, heterogeneous birth defects. We performed whole‐exome sequencing (WES) analysis in a Syrian family. The proband presented with both orofacial clefting and ectrodactyly but not ectodermal dysplasia as typically seen in ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft lip/palate syndrome‐3. A paternal uncle with only an oral cleft was deceased and unavailable for analysis.


To compare the feasibility of Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve (CFVR) assessment in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery in four types of stress echocardiography (SE): dobutamine (DOB), dipyridamole (DIP), rapid pacing (PAC) and bicycle exercise (EXE).

 We subjected 369 patients (mean age: 67±11 years) to SE with DOB (up to 40 mcg/kg/min, n=230), DIP (0.84 mg/kg, n=73), PAC (n=22) or EXE (n=44). CFVR was measured as the ratio of peak diastolic coronary flow velocity (CFV) during exercise, pharmacological stress or pacing and peak diastolic CFV at rest in distal or mid LAD.
 The feasibility was excellent during PAC (100%), DOB (95%) and DIP (95%) and lower during EXE (73%, p<0.01 vs other groups) when assessed in all consecutive patients. When assessed in patients having readable LAD flow at rest the feasibility achieved even higher values, being however still lowered in EXE group, see Figure 1.
 In multivariate analysis only the EXE protocol was a predictor of LAD flow loss during SE, with OR = 8.23 (95% CI 2.17 – 31.33), p=0.0019. CFVR was lower with PAC (1.8±0.4) as compared to DIP (2.2±0.6, p=0.0061) and DOB (2.2±0.6, p=0.0025), but similar to EXE (2.0±0.6, p=0.178), and correlated best with the peak heart rate in EXE and PAC, see Figure 2.

 CFVR in LAD can be obtained during all forms of SE, but the feasibility is significantly higher with PAC and pharmacological tests as compared to EXE, which was identified in our study as the independent predictor of the loss of LAD flow recording at the peak of stress test. Moreover, CFVR values were the lowest in PAC group which however encompassed the older patients with more advanced coronary artery disease. Significant correlation between HR and CFVR observed in EXE and PAC suggests that in this type of SE cut-off value of CFVR should be probably indexed to maximal HR achieved.

 Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1 Figure 2


Kaytetye is an Australian language with a unique combination of phonemic pre-stopping in its nasals series, as well as non-contrastive pre-stopping in its lateral series. In this paper, we describe two phonetic correlates of pre-stopping in Kaytetye, segmental duration and extent of tongue movement. With nasals, pre-stopped segments are longer and have greater tongue movement than their plain counterparts. Neither of these patterns holds for laterals. We interpret these differences in light of their phonemic status.


By a systematic variation of chemical composition, the mineralogical constitution and physical properties of magnesite refractories were investigated. The influence of high silica content in a brick for a given lime/silica molar ratio has been studied. The lime/silica molar ratio varied between 0.38 to 2.24 and the silica contents upto 9.5%. The composition of matrix minerals changed with the lime/silica molar ratio. At 5% silica level, best refractoriness under loads were obtained at lime/silica molar ratios of below 0.38 and above 2.0.


Automatic means to manage the security in moderate and large networks are of extreme importance to avoid error-prone manual techniques. This paper paves the way to develop an automatic network security management (NSM) system that is both flexible in deciding the system's objectives and efficient in using the valuable network bandwidth with a relatively low transmission overhead. The required flexibility and efficiency are obtained using mobile agents (MA) to collect the required security information from various network components and devices, and using ontology to specify the required security policies in such a way understandable by the MA's software. A simplified NSM prototype is developed, implemented, and tested over a typical local area network to investigate the validity of the suggested ideas. The MA travels through the network and collects the necessary information using an ontology-based security policy. Next, it may either return back to the network administrator to let him decide and perform the suitable actions, or alternatively the MA may take the appropriate decisions. This prototype is tested to examine its functionality and performance using a simple local area network consisting of three computers with different configurations. The developed MA was able to understand the ontology and move around the network. It has properly detected the components that are wrongly configured. It should be made clear that the design is scalable and can be directly applied to more computers in a local area network or even in a wide area network.


This paper presents an approach for active fault-tolerant control (FTC) design of constrained linear multi input-multi output (MIMO) systems. The proposed approach is based on model predictive control (MPC) and fault estimation scheme. This method uses two optimal observers to estimate the plant states and loss of effectiveness factor of actuators and sensors. A supervisor unit also uses the fault modelling and correction of plant model per sampling time to accommodate simultaneous partial actuator and sensor faults. Also, by using embedded integrator and feedback compensation in MPC formulation, actuator and sensor faults are compensated automatically. The most important advantage of the proposed approach is low on-line computational load, ability to deal with the constraints and all types of faults in control system simultaneously and its simplicity for real applications. Simulation results on active magnetic bearing system show the effectiveness of the proposed approach .


Previously, permeability of partly crosslinked poly(acrylic acid)–poly(ethylenimine) complex capsule membranes has been shown to be controlled responding to external pH [K. Kono, F. Tabata, and T. Takagishi, J. Membr. Sci., 76, 233 (1993)]. In order to improve pH-dependent permeation behavior of the polyelectrolyte complex capsule membranes, poly(methacrylic acid), which has hydrophobic side groups, was used as a polyanion component instead of poly(acrylic acid). The polyelectrolyte complex capsules composed of poly(methacrylic acid)–poly(ethylenimine) with a diameter of 5.2 mm were prepared. Permeation of phenylethylene glycol, which was used as a permeant, through the capsule membrane was quite limited at pH between 4 and 8. The permeation of the permeant across the capsule membrane in these pH regions was much less than that of poly(acrylic acid)–poly(ethylenimine) complex capsule membrane. However, the permeability constant was drastically increased in the order of 1 or 2 above pH 8 and below pH 4, depending on temperature. The Arrhenius plot for the permeation of phenylethylene glycol through the capsule membrane showed that the activation energy for the permeation is almost constant in the pH region between 4.5 and 8, but greatly decreases below pH 4 and above pH 8.8, suggesting occurrence of a significant change of the capsule membrane structure near these pH regions due to dissociation of polyelectrolyte complex. When environmental pH of the capsule was changed, release rate of phenylethylene glycol from the capsule was altered quickly and reversibly under acidic condition. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Neutron and pion irradiation and annealing data from semiconductor lasers and photodiodes for use in 10 Gb/s datalinks are presented. These components are found to be generally more radiation resistant than their older counterparts. Radiation damage in lasers has been modeled to allow extrapolation of the results obtained to the final application.


The Transport Control Protocol (TCP) has been widely used in wired and wireless Internet applications such as FTP, email and HTTP. However, performances of traditional TCP congestion algorithms degrade significantly when deployed over wireless networks. In this paper, we proposed an improved TCP congestion control algorithm for wireless networks, named TCP-FIT, and compared its performance with existing state-of-the-art congestion control algorithms as well as an application layer Parallel TCP scheme. Experiment results show significant performance improvement, good fairness and lower end-to-end latency for TCP-FIT.


Due to their nature, composites are multi-scale materials, the material properties of interest are those seen at the engineering part scale, yet their structure in turn spans several other scales. This is especially true of textile composites [1]. Assuming the engineering part level to represent the macroscale; the scale at which the internal structure of that part, such as fibre orientation and volume fraction of the component yarns, is defined as the meso-scale. Further modelling refinements lead to the concept of a micro-scale where the fibre arrangement comprising the yarns is of interest. It should be noted that in this paper we assume that the concept of material continuum applies in the three scales introduced above. However, fibre mechanical properties used at the micro-scale depend on an even more refined scale at the limit of molecular assembly, which precludes the standard material continuum assumption. This nano-scale is not considered in this study.


Abstract A 33 year old woman with mental deficiency, retinitis pigmentosa, obesity, and parental consanguinity (heredity) was diagnosed as having Laurence‐Moon‐Biedl syndrome. She also had diabetes mellitus, slight hepatic dysfunction, and hepatomegaly. Liver biopsy showed perilobular fibrosis and bile duct proliferation with cystic dilatation; these findings are consistent with those of congenital hepatic fibrosis.


PURPOSE: A method and device for lowering transmission power consumption of a base station by controlling a transmission interval of a control signal are provided to enable a real process controlling a transmission power of a base station in a overlapped situation . CONSTITUTION: A base station transmits a control signal transmitting by a first interval to transmitting the control signal by a second interval which is longer than the first interval(S710). The base station receives a first message including information requesting the control of a transmission interval of the control signal(S720). The base station transmits the control by changing the first interval(730). The base station transmits a second message according a requirement included in the first message(S740).


Following the President's message to Congress on this subject, as reported December 22, the Senate passed the amended Boulder Canyon Dam Bill, H. R. 5773, on December 14, by a vote of 64 to 11. Four days later the Senate amendments were concurred in by the House by a vote of 166 to 122, and on December 21, the President signed the bill, making it Public Act No. 642 of the seventieth Congress.


The advent of new sensors allows to create smaller and lighter inertial systems than ever before: thanks to their compact size, low cost and low power consumption, they can be installed on flying platforms such as UAV systems, to improve the reliability of autonomous navigation. The merging of the Inertial Reference System (IRS) and GNSS data through the Kalman filter gives a significantly improve to the autonomous navigation performance both in terms of accuracy and integrity. This paper is focused on the methods and techniques of GNSS integrated with an Inertial Reference System and their applications in UAV autonomous navigation systems.


Geothermal field has an important influence on hydrocarbon accumulation. The geotemperature field in Qingyang area is studied by vitrinite reflectance and homogenization temperature of inclusions. The results show that the average geothermal gradient in Qingyang area is about 2.8 °C/100M, which is close to the median value of global average heat flow. It belongs to the medium temperature type geothermal field. In Qingyang area, the geothermal gradient is low from Paleozoic to early Cenozoic, ranging from 2.2 °C to 3.0 °C/100M, rising to 3.3-4.3 °C/100m in the late Mesozoic, and gradually decreasing to 2.8 °C/100M since Cenozoic. Generally speaking, high temperature field is favorable to the formation of petroleum system, and vice versa.


The purpose of this study is to describe the theme of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and the system thinking skills set out in the 2016-2018 National Science Examination Questions for Elementary Schools. This study uses qualitative research with content analysis methods presented through descriptive delivery techniques. The results of this study indicate that the average result of the highest percentage of ESD theme content on the 2016-2018 Elementary School National Science Examination questions is on biodiversity subject as many as 52.2%, while the average result is the highest percentage of systems thinking competency on the exam questions. 65.9% of the National Science Elementary School from 2016 to 2018 is in the ability to perform complex analysis because students are asked more questions on the plants and animals body parts shape and function; type of animal; ecosystem components; how living things conform; and natural resources. Also, students are given more questions in system component analysis.


In this study we tested whether AVIRIS data allowed for improved land use classification over synthetic Landsat ETM+ data for a location on the urban-rural fringe of Colorado. After processing the AVIRIS image and creating a synthetic Landsat image, we used standard classification and post-classification procedures to compare the data sources for land use mapping. We found that, for this location, AVIRIS holds modest, but real, advantages over Landsat for the classification of heterogeneous and vegetated land uses. Furthermore, this advantage comes almost entirely from the large number of sensor spectral bands rather than the high Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR).


Objective To study the effects of using the massage skills in the gastric lavage cares. Methods Divided 300 patients who had poisoned by mouth into the experimental group and the control group randomly, there were 150 patients in the each group. The gastric lavage machine was used both in the two groups, the massage skills was only used in the experimental group. Results The condition of gastric lavage in the experimental group was significant better than that of in the control group,P0.01. Conclusion Using the massage skills in the course of gastric lavage can effective improve the effects of gastric lavage.


It has been proven that high-variability English /r/-/l/ perceptual training improves Japanese adults' production. The present study examined whether Japanese children also improve their production for the English /r/-/l/ contrast after perceptual training. The results demonstrated that production was significantly improved, but the improvement did not relate to an improvement in the primary acoustic cue use for the contrast (e.g., lowering F3 for English /r/ and raising F3 for English /l/). This suggests that children may respond to phonetic training differently from adults, and improve their production mostly through the modification of secondary acoustic cues.


recreation. Types of programs are described in detail. A chapter is devoted to the arts and crafts as having recreational value. A plan of co-operative community recreation, under leadership of representatives of the churches, is described. The chapter on "Play Leadership" is exceptionally good. The final chapter on "Measuring the Results" will be found peculiarly helpful to those charged with responsbility for promoting and maintaining a program of wholesome recreation under the auspices of the church. G. S. DOBBINS


Residual stress on the steel pipe is caused by expansion and contraction of the material due to the heat generated during the welding process, as well as by the elongation and compression during manufacturing. Residual stress degrades the fracture strength and fatigue strength of steel pipes, and therefore its measurement and management is required. In the steel pipe manufacturing, plastic deformation during the pipe expansion process can change the distribution of residual stress. In this study, we measured residual stress distribution before and after pipe expansion by using IIT(Instrumented Indentation Test) method to determine the residual stress that occurs when a steel pipe is manufactured.


The use of synthetic fiber ropes for subsea installation is extending, as the offshore industry explores deeper waters, but there are few data available to evaluate the lifetime of these materials. In a previous OMAE presentation the authors described results from the first phase (2010–2013) of a JIP aiming to understand the mechanisms controlling the long term behavior of HMPE fibre ropes [1]. This presentation will describe the results from the second phase of this study (2014–2018) in which predictive models have been developed and applied to a range of improved braided rope materials. Two modeling approaches will be discussed, an empirical method based on residual strength after cycling, and a numerical approach using finite element software specifically adapted to fibre materials [2]. An extensive test program, which has generated a database of CBOS (cyclic bend over sheave) results for various grades of HMPE and different constructions, will be described. Comparisons have been made with steel wire handling lines in order to quantify the benefits of fibre ropes for these deepwater applications.


Curriculum changes and developments occur along with the development of educational theory and technological developments. These changes aim to improve the quality of education of Indonesia's human resources. The 2013 curriculum emphasizes the learning process using a scientific approach. The purpose of this study was to analyze the scientific approach in the 2013 curriculum in the implementation of history learning. The type of research used was a qualitative approach. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Babat Toman Musi Banyuasin. In this study, data were collected using observation, interviews, and document study method. Descriptive data analysis was used in this study. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of history learning in 2013 curriculum that uses a scientific approach through the Student-Centered Learning model and authentic assessment with 5 M (observing, asking questions, collecting data, associating, communicating) maximize learning by following the 2013 curriculum development. This study as a reference material to maximize other subject in accordance with 2013 curriculum development.


To set up a calculation model for the off-design conditions of a PG9171E gas turbine,it is necessary to identify the compressor characteristics of the gas turbine in question on the basis of the original data provided by the power plant. As the current base-line estimation method was established without considering any experimental data of compressors at high-pressure ratios,in general,it can only be used for the estimation of compressor characteristics at a pressure ratio less than 11. However,the pressure ratio of the PG9171E gas turbine compressor has already approximated to 12. To solve this problem,a section-by-section calculation method was for the first time proposed for the calculation of compressor characteristics. The calculation results show that the accuracy of the above method can meet the requirement of practical applications. In respect of the calculation of thermodynamic properties involved in an off-design condition calculation model,a general-purpose relationship for the thermodynamic properties of air,CH2 gas,C gas and steam was inducted based on thermodynamic properties table No.2. This simplifies the calculation process of wet combustion gas enthalpy and logarithmic pressure ratio values when the combustor operates on heavy fuel oil. A comparison of the calculation results of the off-design condition calculation model with the actually measured parameters of the gas turbine shows that the above-mentioned improved method can meet the requirement for the modeling accuracy in practical applications.


Abstract. Hurricanes are one of the most disastrous natural phenomena occurring on Earth that cause loss of human lives and immense damage to property. A damage assessment method has been proposed for damage caused to buildings due to Hurricane Harvey that hit the Texas region in the year 2017. The aim of our study is to predict if there is any damage to the buildings present in the postdisaster satellite images. Principal component analysis has been used for the visualization of data. The VGG16 model has been used for extracting features from the input images. K-nearest neighbor (KNN), logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, and XGBoost classification techniques have been used for classification of the images whose features have been extracted from VGG16. Best accuracy of 97% is obtained by KNN classifier for the balanced test set, and accuracy of 96% is obtained by logistic regression for the unbalanced test set.


Objective:To study on the influence of spinal cord which was folding compressed from cervical ligamentum flavum.Methods:Since 1994 to present,the clinical manifestation,imaging feature,pathology and laminoplasty treatment of 67 patients with folding compression of cervical ligamentum flavum were discribed.Results:67 cases of excised ligamentum flavum,enlargementlaminoplasty of the cervical spinal canal were followed up.That period was from 9 months to 3 years and 6 months,average 26 months.The best results of imaging feature and clinical manifestation were obtained postoperatively in 17 cases,good in 44,improvement in 6.Excellent and good rate were 91% of all patients.Conclusion:It's an important cause,because they worked in flexion neck for a long time,ligamentum flavum degeneration and ossification of cervical spinal tissue including ligamentum flavum,special in development cervical spinal canal stenosis in neck expensive extension,which caused the cervical spinal cord being compressed by ligamentum flavum.


In contemporary obesity discourse, physical activity is routinely portrayed as essential regarding weight regulation. This axiom tends to neglect that health-enhancing exercise may involve categorically different sets of corporeal experiences for obese individuals than for people of other weight categories. Rather, obese people are seen as fundamentally lazy—the moral aspects of this have long been debated. Less attention has been paid to how Western cultural signs and symbols are 'inadequate' to distinguish how obese bodies are variously adapted to execute given bodily movement. This article is based on a case study of a Norwegian paediatric obesity patient, and uncovers how she has to accommodate her bodily structure when being exertive. It is argued that embodying a particular 'configuration' of an obese body makes movement burdensome, which is a situation made worse by the fact that available 'symbolic representations' fail to do this bodily reality justice. The discussion thus focuses on the interplay of somatic and semiotic issues—how phenomenological, corporeal concerns and sociocultural mechanisms combine to make obesity a veritable double burden for some individuals. This has very real implications in terms of participation in physical activity, and the debate might therefore offer useful insights to those who in some capacity encourage large adolescents to exercise.


Ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer(EPDM)has been vulcanized by means of()~(60)Co γ radiation,filled with nano-SiO_2.The influence of filler content,radiation adsorbed dose on the mechanical properties and gel percent were discussed.Results indicate that nano-SiO_2 reinforces the EPDM rubber and irradiation damage appears in a high dose.The gel percent increases with the filler content increasing,which leads to the improvement of the mechanical properties.The permeability to gased and water vapor transmission of radiation-vulcanized EPDM with nano-SiO_2 were tested,the value is less than that vulcanized by conditional metod.


The relation between humoral immunity and the mechanism of exanthematous drug eruption(EDE) was studied. The deposits of immunoglobulin of biopsied sample from acute lesions of 34 patients with EDE were detected by PAP of immunohistochemistry.Immunohistochemical study demonstrated that there were deposits of IgM, IgG, IgA and C3 in the blood vessel wall and collagen tissue of the skin lesions, but no IgE. Humoral immunity plays an important role in the mechanism of EDE.


1. When gentamicin (GM) and sulbenicillin (SBPC) or cephacetrile (CEC), in combination with pre- or post-treatment, were injected intravenously to the rat, their pharmacokinetics were investigated. 2. The antibiotics in the samples were separated by paper electrophoretic technique and their concentrations were determined by cup thin layer plate method using Bacillus subtilis as the test organism. 3. The biological half-life of SBPC in the serum was shortened in pretreatment with GM and prolonged in posttreatment with GM, while that of GM did not vary in pre- or post-treatment with SBPC. 4. The half-life of CEC was prolonged in treatment with GM, while that of GM did not vary. 5. These phenomena may be considered to be produced as the results of a concentration ratio of SBPC and GM or of CEC and GM, and protein binding of these antibiotics, as far as plasma initial levels, tissue distribution, urinary excretion and protein binding of these antibiotics are concerned.


OF THE DISCLOSURE The molecular weight of polyalkenamers produced by a ring-opening polymerization of cyclic olefins employ ing a catalyst containing a metal of Subgroups 5 to 7 of the Periodic Table is regulated by conducting the polym erization in the presence of a non-conjugated olefin con taining at least two non-conjugated double bonds, at least one of which is acyclic, and 0-2 alkyl or aryl groups. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyalkenamers by the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic olefins employing a catalyst containing a metal of Subgroups 5 through 7 of the Periodic Table or a com pound thereof and to novel polyalkenamers thus-pro


Using coupling techniques based on Stein's method for probability approximation, we revisit classical variance bounding inequalities of Chernoff, Cacoullos, Chen and Klaassen. Our bounds are immediate in any context wherein a Stein identity is available. After providing illustrative examples for a Gaussian and a Gumbel target distribution, our main contributions are new variance bounds in settings where the underlying density function is unknown or intractable. Applications include bounds for analysis of the posterior in Bayesian statistics, bounds for asymptotically Gaussian random variables using zero-biased couplings, and bounds for random variables which are New Better (Worse) than Used in Expectation.


Fast and robust image recognition and matching is an important task in the underwater domain. Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV) use images for detecting and recognising object or scene of interest. Interest points are extracted from images that are captured by the cameraon the AUV. In this paper, feature detectors SIFT and SURF are investigated as applicable to the underwater environment. They are reviewed and compared in terms of robustness, accuracy, and speed with the aim of identifying a method which is computationally-efficient in finding good corresponding points between two underwater images.


We demonstrate that the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient can be simultaneously enhanced in graphene hybridized carbon aerogels (GHCAs). To prepare the GHCAs, graphene is introduced into the pyrolyzed resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) aerogel, which significantly improves the electrical conductivity. At the same time, large interfaces between graphene sheets and pyrolyzed RF resin generate an energy filtering effect, which increases the Seebeck coefficient. This strategy promises a power factor which is two orders of magnitude higher than that of pure pyrolyzed RF aerogel. Moreover, the tenuous solid skeleton and highly open-cell foam structure of the GHCAs lead to ultra low thermal conductivity (0.06 W m−1 K−1) and apparent density (31 kg m−3). This may enable the development of a novel category of ultra-lightweight energy-conversion materials with thermal insulation capability.


The city wall relic park in Zhengzhou is a city park built on the Shang Dynasty city Wall site. As Zhengzhou is chosen as the eighth ancient capital of China, it is gradually recognized by the public. However, due to the lack of protection, development and utilization of the site, the historical value and cultural value of the Shang Dynasty Wall in Zhengzhou have not been fully shown. The construction of the city wall relic park is related to the soft inheritance and protection of the historical heritage. The spiritual inheritance of the historical heritage mainly depends on the spiritual transmission of the public. The public has the most direct feeling and understanding of it, so it is necessary to introduce public participation. In this paper, the scientific evaluation method Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) is used to discuss the problem found by the public when using the city wall space. Suggestions and public participation strategies are given on the construction of the city wall relic park. We need to think about if there is public participation in the site now and how to let the public participate in planning, construction and management of the relic park. In order to make the city wall become the city's leisure living room, to build the brand of Zhengzhou, and make it famous across the whole country, it's urgent to put forward countermeasures for the development problem of Zhengzhou.


Inner fatigue cracks of failed concrete specimens were examined by optical microscope,bond crack and matrix crack were identified and quantitative assessed too.Observation and results showed that bond crack originates from preexisting microcracks either in the interface transition zone between coarse aggregates and mortar or in the interface zone between fine aggregates and bulk cement paste.Matrix crack could be formed in bulk paste only or by connection of bond crack between fine aggregate and bulk cement paste;specimens which subjected to a larger number of cycles of load before failure crack more extensively than those failed after a few number of cycles of load;the amount of bond crack increased with the increase of the number of cycle to failure.


ABSTRACT In pre-industrial Europe, many thousands of 'middle-class' individuals retired by purchasing a corrody: a contract allowing them life-long food and lodging, usually by spending their remaining years in a hospital. Given that people usually struggle to prepare for the later stages of life, this article asks whether corrodies were priced in line with the market. We study institutions that specialized in commercial retirement in two distinct areas: the Dutch Republic, where middle-class living standards were high in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; and Bavaria, where purchasing power was lower. In the Bavarian city of Regensburg, the local hospital sold subsidized corrodies, probably to accommodate social middling groups with limited scope for saving but with a strong desire to continue to set themselves apart during old age from groups with a lower social status. In Leiden, in the Dutch Republic, it was more expensive to maintain that distinction because even lower social groups had the opportunity to save. As a result, here corrody prices were higher and more in line with the market price.


As demanding for high performance and miniaturization of electronic devices, interconnection materials required higher reliability in mechanical, thermal and electrical. The importance of electromigration issue has increased because of these trends. We evaluated the electromigration
 behavior of Sn58Bi solder and Sn58Bi epoxy solder under high temperature and constant current flow. The electromigration test-kit was a designed and fabricated flip chip-type module and the diameter of the solder bump was 250 μm. A current was passed through the two solder joints,
 producing a current density of 3.0 × 103 A/cm2 at 100 °C. The microstructure of solder joint after electromigration test were investigated with field-emission scanning electron microscopy during electromigration, a Bi-rich layer was observed at the anode side
 of the solder joint and the formation of Kirkendall voids was observed at the cathode side of the solder joints. Different inorganic materials affect electromigration in the eutectic Sn58Bi solder joints.


It has been found early in the history of genetics that the action of a particular gene may not be restricted to one organ. The albino gene, e.g., which is found in many mammals causes the formation of a white coat and of red eyes. Genes of this type which affect more than one organ system have been called pleiotropic by Plate (1910, 1913). Haecker (1925) proposed the term polyphaen for the same phenomenon; this term, however, has not come into general usage. The developmental interpretation of pleiotropism is easy in the case of the albino gene. The facts in this case can be expressed by stating that the albino gene suppresses the formation of pigment wherever it occurs, i.e., both in the hairs and in the eyes. Most cases of pleiotropic gene effects are not so simple. The mutant gene a in the meal moth Ephestia, for example, reduces or suppresses the pigmentation in the adult eyes and testes, and in the larval hypodermis (Caspari, 1933), as well as in some other organs, but not in the pupal case and in the scales on wings and body (Kuhn and Henke, 1930). Similarly, in Drosophila, many eye color mutants, such as w, u, en, etc., affect at the same