ABSTRACT This article reports the moisture-sensing behavior of a nanostructured La2O3 and La(OH)3. Pellets of this material were prepared and used as a sensing element after successive thermal annealing for 2 h at different temperatures of 200, 400, 600, and 800°C. After each annealing step, this sensing element was placed in a conductivity holder and exposed to humidity. Variations in resistance with relative humidity were recorded. The sensing material was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A close look of the scanning electron micrographs confirms that the sensing element annealed at 400°C was more porous and uniform than the other samples. The maximum average sensitivity obtained was 19 MΩ/% relative humidity (RH) and results were found to be reproducible. The crystallite size of the sensing material was found to be in the range of 30–140 nm. The mass loss of the sensing material at different temperatures was also studied.


Three types of mechanically deboned turkey meat (MDTM) were obtained from a Pennsylvania poultry processing plant and studied for nutrient composition. Samples of MDTM included meat from turkey breast cages (protein 15.4%, fat 10.2%, moisture 71.3%), turkey racks (protein 13.4%, fat 17.0%, moisture 67.9%), and turkey backs (protein 13.0%, fat 21.7%, moisture 65.9%). Protein efficiency ratios (PER) were determined on each type, and with and without an antioxidant. Material without an antioxidant resulted in gross errors. Adjusted PER values of MDTM treated with an antioxidant were significantly higher than the 2.50 value for the standard casein diet. Amino acids, fatty acids, caloric content and selected minerals were also measured.


We implemented a real-time video-rate 4D-OCT system with virtual reality display. To achieve the required low latencies we optimized the dataflow path and the placement of the necessary synchronization points. Employing temporal reprojection enables to perform volume rendering at 1/3 of the display refresh rate, yet maintaining smooth updates to the HMD; thus we achieve display updates at 90Hz, volume rendering at 30Hz and C-scan acquisition at <15Hz. By mounting of a tracking accessory to the scanning head we can render the OCT volume in virtual space in the position of the actual imaging volume.


PURPOSE: A device for visually alarming a reception of a communication terminal is provided to be interworked with a permanent magnet, and to receive a movement of the permanent magnet, thereby enabling a receiver to know that a reception signal is generated by seeing a movement of the device. CONSTITUTION: An electromagnet(20) generates a magnetic force by an electric signal. A permanent magnet(21) receives the magnetic force within a magnetic field formed by the electromagnet(20), and moves by the magnetic force. Alarming device supports(22) firmly support a reception alarming device(24) into a communication terminal. An alarming device connector(23) interworks the permanent magnet(21) with the reception alarming device(24), and transmits a movement of the permanent magnet(21) to the reception alarming device(24). The reception alarming device(24) moves by a movement of the permanent magnet(21), and alarms a reception for a user. The electromagnet(20) is mounted inside of the communication terminal. The permanent magnet(21) is near to an available range of the magnetic field.


[Objective]To explore the antibody level against group A and C of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis among healthy population in Jianhu county of Jiangsu province,evaluate the vaccination situation of polysaccharide vaccine,provide scientific basis for making control measures.[Methods]Blood serum sample from healthy population in 5 towns of Jianhu county were collected in 2006 and 2007,and the serogroup A and C specific IgG antibody were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).[Results]The antibody positive rate of group A was 78.91% and the GMT was 1 ∶12.87. For group C,the positive rate was 28.84 % and the GMT was 1:2.49. There were significant differences in the positive rate (χ2=114.14,P0.001 ) and GMT(t=18.84,P0.001 ) between group A and group C. For the antibody positive rate of group A,there were significant differences among 7 age groups(χ2=70.79,P0.001),5 area groups(χ2=16.78,P=0.002)),and there were no significant differences between male and female (χ2=0.227,P=0.634),among different immunization history (χ2=7.98,P=0.092). For the antibody positive rate of group C,there were significant differences among 7 age groups(χ2=72.48,P0.01),5 area groups (χ2=225.85,P0.01),and different immunization history (χ2=83.98,P0.01),there was no significant differences between male and female (χ2=2.89,P=0.089).There were significant differences in GMT of group A and c among age groups (F=9.92,P0.01;F=18.54,P0.01),area groups (F=17.468,P0.01;F=83.19,P0.01),different immunization history (F=26.44,P001;F=20.72,P0.01),and the difference between male and female was no significant (F=1.306,P=0.254;F=2.401,P=0.122).[Conclusion]The outbreak of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis of group A might not occur,however,the sporadic cases or outbreak of group C might happen. The immunization with vaccine of group A+C should be improved.


AIMS & OBJECTIVES:
1. To study the total count and platelet count (PC) / total count ratio in
patients undergoing splenectomy for trauma and their response in the
infected individuals.
2. To study the association of the three risk factors i.e. total count, PC/ total
count ratio and Injury Severity Score in those individuals who have
underwent splenectomy for trauma and their role in post operative
infection.
BACKGROUND DATA:
Spleen is the most common organ involved in injuries to abdomen. It is very challenging for practitioners to identify infections in the immediate post-operative period after splenectomy because there is an unusual physiologic response to total count and platelet count. In view of these diagnostic issues, this dissertation has been chosen.
METHODOLOGY:
50 patients who have undergone splenectomy for trauma in Rajiv Gandhi Government General hospital from December 2013 to August 2014 were studied. Patients who have undergone splenectomy for reasons other than trauma were excluded from the study. Various parameters were analyzed i.e. age, sex, injury severity score, total count, platelet count, platelet count/ total count ratio, presence of infection, nature of infection, mortality and duration of stay in the hospital.
RESULTS:
The following are the results of the study
• Injury severity score is a significant risk factor.
• Post operative day 5 TC more than 15000 indicates infection.
• PC/TC ratio < 20 on the 5th post operative day indicates infection.
• Beyond the first week this ratio becomes insignificant.
• Presence of more than 1 risk factor is associated with 83% chance of infection.

CONCLUSION:
 Post operative day 5 is the earliest time that infected and non infected patients can be distinguished on the basis of total count and PC/TC ratio.
 Risk factors for infection:
Total count ,
PC/TC ratio ,
ISS > 16.

• Presence of more than one risk factor should prompt clinicians to suspect infection.


Intravenous (IV) iron is commonly used to alleviate iron deficiency anaemia in patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). Treatment with IV iron in patients with iron deficiency and heart failure has demonstrated an improvement in functional status and cardiac biomarkers; however, concerns remain regarding the potential pro-oxidative effect of IV iron and possible cardiovascular injury. Newer agents [such as ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) and ferric derisomaltose (FDI)] are increasingly used due to their advantage in delivering large amounts of iron effectively and safely; however, they differ as to their effect on serum phosphate and fibroblast growth factor 23, factors that have been previously shown to affect cardiac function. Given the above potential concerns, it is important to explore the comparative effect of IV iron in this population in terms of cardiac injury and vascular function.

 The exploratory single-centre double-blinded randomized controlled trial 'Iron and Phosphaturia—ExplorIRON-CKD' aimed primarily to not only assess the differential effects of FCM and FDI on levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 and phosphate, but also explore any cardiovascular effect. Non-dialysis patients with CKD and iron deficiency with/without anaemia defined as serum ferritin <200 µg/L or transferrin saturation ≤20% and serum ferritin 200–299 µg/L were recruited and randomized in a 1:1 ratio. Participants received 1000 mg at baseline and 500–1000 mg at 1 month to achieve replenishment. Measurements of NT-proBNP were taken at baseline, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months, whilst measurements of Troponin T were taken at every visit (total of eight visits). Vascular function was assessed using pulse wave velocity measurements at baseline, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months, monitoring carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity (PWVcf) and aortic augmentation index (AIx).

 Twenty-six patients were recruited; 14 were randomized to receive FDI and 12 to receive FCM. All patients received at least one iron dose (1000 mg), 10 patients received two FDI doses and 11 received two FCM doses. There was a trend to an increase in NT-pro BNP (10.3%) in the combined group, with no statistical difference between the FCM and FDI groups [median for the combined population: baseline: 875.5 (3033.0) ng/L versus Visit 8: 967.0 (2976.0) ng/L] (Figure 1). Troponin T values remained constant throughout the study period in the combined and individual groups (Table 1). A decrease in both PWVcf and AIx was noted in the participants receiving IV iron irrespective of the compound used. A greater decrease was seen in the FDI group in terms of PWVcf; however, there was no statistically significant difference for the percentage change from baseline to the end of the study between the groups (FCM: −4.3 (33.6)% versus FDI: −11.9 (23.4)%; P = .60) (Figure 2).

 Treatment of non-dialysis CKD patients with FDI or FCM was not associated with any cardiovascular safety signals. Troponin T was unaffected and there was no worsening in vascular function. Pulse wave velocity improved, as noted by the decreasing trends for PWVcf and AIx. The decrease in PWVcf was greater with FDI than FCM, but the difference was not statistically significant. A small rise in NT-proBNP was noted in the combined group, but there was no statistically significant difference between the FDI and FCM groups. These results suggest that newer IV iron compounds are not associated with any detriment in terms of vascular function and potentially no resulting cardiac insult. The study sample is small and therefore the results should be interpreted with caution; nonetheless, the evidence provided from a comparative view directs to no negative sequela.


The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of an eight week period of very low calorie diet (VLCD) on heart function and amount of epicardial adipose tissue in obese people without heart disease.
 Methods: Fifty-two obese patients (38 women, 14 men, mean age 47.6 ± 12.3 years, mean BMI 46.2±7.0 kg/m2) were assigned to a VLCD enriched with vegetables for eight weeks. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed before and after the diet period. Left ventricular size, ejection fraction, diastolic function, left and right ventricular myocardial performance index (MPI) and thickness of epicardial adipose tissue were measured. Heart rate, blood pressure and plasma glucose and triglyceride concentration were also analysed.
 Results: During the diet period the BMI decreased from 46.2±7.0 kg/m2 to 41.8± 6.1 kg/m2 (p<0.0001). The left ventricular MPI decreased from 0.42± 0.07 to 0.37± 0.07 (p<0.0001) and right ventricular MPI decreased from 0.30± 0.09 to 0.27± 0.09 (p=0.0256) showing significant systolic and diastolic improvement in the performance of both ventricles. The thickness of epicardial fat decreased from 4.4±1.5 mm to 3.4±1.4 mm (p<0.0001). The heart rate decreased from 75.8±9.7 beats/min to 67.0 ±10.3 beats/min (p<0.0001) and the systolic blood pressure decreased from 140±14.3 mmHg to 135.2±10.6 mmHg (p=0.0087). The plasma glucose concentration decreased from 6.71±1.96 mmol/l to 6.02±1.59 mmol/l (p<0.0001). The plasma triglyceride concentration decreased from 1.77±0.89 mmol/l to 1.36±0.68 mmol/l (p=0.0002).
 Conclusion: VLCD caused during only eight weeks period significant reduction in BMI as well as in the amount of epicardial fat and significant improvement in the systolic and diastolic function of both ventricles in obese persons.


Microwave spectroscopic properties of imidazolium-based ionic liquids has been investigated in the 100 MHz to 10 GHz range over a range of temperature between 25 C and 125 C for characterising the dielectric and loss factor properties. The room temperature dielectric properties of the ionic liquids were found to decrease with increasing frequency of incident wave which may be attributed to a net drop in polarization, as some polarization mechanisms example interfacial and orientation polarization cease to contribute at higher frequencies. The dielectric properties are, however, enhanced at higher temperatures due to a decrease in relaxation time of polarization which is in good correlation with the Debye model of relaxation time for spherical dipoles. Amongst the four liquids investigated for the microwave induced physicochemical changes, the emim[SCN] liquid showed the lowest viscosity of 21 cP at room temperature, highest electrical conductivity of 22 mS/cm, susceptibility to microwave irradiation. By comparison, the bmim[HSO4] liquid exhibited the highest viscosity of 101cP at 80 C and the lowest electrical conductivity of 1.38 mS/cm when irradiated with the microwave irradiation. The relaxation time of molecular polarisation appears to be consistent with the Debye model for the viscous relaxation of ionic liquids investigated herein. Index Terms Ionic liquids, microwave absorption properties, loss factor.


SUMMARY: The production of staphylococcal α-toxin in a synthetic amino acid medium was stimulated by a factor from yeast autolysate which was identified as histidine by chromatographic methods. Addition of histidine to the medium gave an early appearance of α-toxin, while serine and glycine stimulated its production in the late growth phase. The stimulatory capacity of serine and glycine in relation to their function as precursors in the synthesis of histidine is discussed.


The luminescent nanocrystal Ge embedded in a-SiO2 matrix was prepared by thermal oxidation of a-Si1-xGex:H films under conventional conditions. It was found that nc-Ge were formed through the selective oxidation of Si in a-GexSi1-x:H alloys and precipitation of Ge during oxidation. The average size of nc-Ge changed from 4 nm to 6 nm with the various conditions and Ge contents. Visible photoluminescence with peak energy 2.2 eV was observed from the oxidized samples where the nc-Ge have an average size of 4 nm. In order to control the size distribution of nc-Ge, we used multilayer films of a-Si:H/a-Si1-xGex:H instead of unlayered a-Si1-xGex:H alloy films to prepare nc-Ge embedded in SiO2 matrix. We found that the size of nc-Ge in perpendicular direction can be well confined by the SiO2 sublayers simultaneously formed.


The present study investigated the foliar uptake rate, distribution, and retranslocation patterns of novel, synthesized zinc hydroxide-nitrate nanocrystals (ZnHN; solubility 30–50 mg Zn L) applied on to the adaxial surface of tomato leaves (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Roma). The total Zn absorption from ZnHN suspension positively increased with ZnHN application rates, but the relative efficacy started to decline at > 400 mg Zn L. Within the 3 weeks, total Zn recovery in the ZnHN-treated plants was 16% of the total ZnHN-Zn applied, compared to the near 90% total Zn recovery in the Zn(NO)-plants at the same Zn rate. Foliar-absorbed ZnHN-Zn was distributed from the treated leaves into other plant parts and preferentially translocated into the roots. Distribution of Zn from ZnHN-treated leaves to apical parts was not limited by Zn deficiency. These results demonstrate that ZnHN crystals with controlled solubility provided some sort of slow-release Zn over a certain growth period at a rate slower (but quantitatively effective) than the soluble Zn(NO). The efficacy of the prolonged foliar Zn supply could be enhanced if the ZnHN suspension is sprayed over a large leaf surface area at the peak vegetative or early flowering stage.


The basic facts of NorthHuaiyang belt (NHB) are that it is composed of two distinct PreMesozoic TectonoLithostratigraphic Units.The lower unit presents a SinianEarly PaleozoicDevonian succession called Foziling Group and Luzhenguan Group,which consists of marine quasiflysch depositional sequences developed at the forearc marine basin.The upper unit is made up of a Late Paleozoic succession named Meishan Group and Yangshan Group,which consists of coalbearing quasimolasse depositional sequences developed in littoral and continentalmarine transitional environments,belonging to the east part of QinlingDabie residual oceanic basin.All these demonstrate the fundamental composition and tectonic evolution of NHB in the stage of a plate tectonic regime during SinianEarly PaleozoicDevonian.


Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in HealthCost-Effectiveness in Health and MedicineBayesian Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Medical TreatmentsEthics and the Pharmaceutical IndustryCost-Effectiveness Analysis in HealthCost Effectiveness Modelling for Health Technology AssessmentApplied Methods of Cost-Benefit Analysis in Health CareCost-Effectiveness AnalysisThe Implications of Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Medical TechnologyCost-effectiveness in Health and MedicineCost effectiveness analysis in health careBayesian Cost-Effectiveness Analysis with the R package BCEACost-Benefit Analysis of Environmental Health InterventionsDisease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 9)Distributional Cost-Effectiveness AnalysisCost-Effectiveness in Health and MedicineCost-Effectiveness Analysis in HealthCost-Effectiveness in Health and MedicineThe Implications of CostEffectiveness Analysis of Medical TechnologyCost Analysis in Primary Health CareValuing Health for Regulatory CostEffectiveness AnalysisCost-benefit and Cost-effectiveness Analysis in Health CareUsing Cost-effectiveness Analysis to Improve Health CareCost and Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Health InterventionBest Care at Lower CostCardiovascular Health Care EconomicsApplying Cost Analysis to Public Health ProgramsDisease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 4)CostEffectiveness Analysis in HealthThe Implications of Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Medical Technology : Background Paper #2Health System EfficiencyPrevention EffectivenessThe Implications of Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Medical TechnologyHandbook of Practical Program EvaluationStatistical Analysis of Cost-Effectiveness DataEconomic Evaluation in Clinical TrialsCost-benefit Analysis and Health Care EvaluationsApplied Methods of Cost-effectiveness Analysis in HealthcareMaking Choices in HealthSecondary Analysis of Electronic Health Records


Contemporary debates on obedience and consent, such as those between Thomas Senor and A. John Simmons, suggest that either political obligation must exist as a concept or there must be natural duty of justice accessible to us through reason. Without one or the other, de facto political institutions would lack the requisite moral framework to engage in legitimate coercion. This essay suggests that both are unnecessary in order to provide a conceptual framework in which obedience to coercive political institutions can be understood. By providing a novel reading of Hobbes's Leviathan, this article argues that both political obligation and a natural duty to justice are unnecessary to ground the ability of political institutions to engage in legitimate coercion. This essay takes issue with common readings of Hobbes which assume consent is necessary to generate obedience on the part of citizens, and furthermore that political obligation is critical for the success of political institutions. While the failure of the traditional Hobbesian narrative of a consenting individual would seem to suggest the Leviathan is indefensible as a project, this paper argues that the right of war in the state of nature was more central for Hobbes's understanding of political institutions than obligation. Furthermore, Hobbes provides an adequate defense of political institutions even if his arguments about consent, obligation and punishment are only rhetorical. In this way Hobbesian law is best understood as a set of practical requirements to avoid war, and not as moral requirements that individuals are bound to comply with. Thus Hobbesian political institutions are not vulnerable to contemporary philosophical anarchist criticisms about political obligation and political institutions as such. To develop this reading, I focus primarily on the Leviathan, including interpretations by Skinner, Kateb, Flathman, and Oakeshott. Ultimately, this argument provides insight into contemporary political institutions of the state, citizenship, criminality, and the law in a world where political obligation has not been adequately justified.


This study developed a statistical model of non-compliance reporting provisions of law and control of the system of internal control findings BPK. BPK is abbreviation for Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan, the Supreme Audit Agency in Republic of Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that affect the outcome of the Supreme Audit Agency audit opinion received by the local government. This study has selected 371 samples to the local government for the year 2012. Research uses financial statement data in the form of government in 2012 soft copy of the Supreme Audit Agency and other publications. The results showed that non-compliance reporting provisions of low and system of internal control weakness has significant effect on the administration of the BPK audit opinion.


Abstract : Theory Z is a management system designed for use in the United States that combines features of Japanese and American management techniques. Currently, several American companies are applying it successfully. This paper investigates the feasibility of using Theory Z to improve Air Force management, particularly in the human resources area. Each major principle of the theory is described and then applied notionally to the Air Force, noting the expected results. Because it appears to have merit, the paper recommends further Theory Z consideration by the Air Force leadership. (Author)


Cyberspace is a time-dependent set of interconnected information systems with no physical boundaries making it extremely complex system to be regulated. Parliament of India enacted the Information Technology Act in the year 2000 with extensive amendments in subsequent years. This paper deals with the legal framework and executive regulatory mechanism under this Act which is relevant for the trade and business operations in India. It analyses the implications of commercial agreements in cyberspace and the requirements to be fulfilled for affixing digital signatures on business agreements and documents. The recent rules framed under the Act aim to tighten the data protection regime in India and ensure the secrecy of the data provided by the customers. It puts the responsibility on the business entities for implementing adequate safety measures against unauthorized access and transmission of personal data. There are provisions for payment of compensation in case of damage to the computer systems and networks. However, in areas like intellectual property rights, the law needs to be strengthened to protect such rights in cyberspace .


This research investigates the gender effect (female owner) on SMEs firm performance. Using survey methods through questionnaire and interview, this study consists of 2,800 observations throughout South Sumatera-Indonesia. The results reveal that the gender (female owner), when they have loan, has no significant impact on firm performance (ROA and ROE). In contrast, the gender (female owner) has a positive and significant impact on their business growth and business survival. Though the result for business growth differs from the result for firm performance (ROA and ROE) in which female ownership has no significant impact on firm performance, we justify that firm performance is only in accounting number and for short periods. Business growth is measured over a longer-term period (as it is measured using the difference between initial capital and current capital), suggesting that over longer periods


In the last years, rich Internet applications (RIAs) have emerged as a new generation of Web applications offering greater usability and interactivity than traditional ones. At the same time, RIAs introduce new issues and challenges in all the Web application lifecycle activities. As an example, a key problem with RIAs consists of defining suitable software models for representing them and validating reverse engineering techniques for obtaining these models effectively.This paper presents a reverse engineering approach for abstracting finite state machines representing the client-side behaviour offered by RIAs. The approach is based on dynamic analysis of the RIA and employs clustering techniques for solving the problem of state explosion of the state machine. A case study illustrated in the paper shows the results of a preliminary experiment where the proposed process has been executed with success for reverse engineering the behaviour of an existing RIA.


The problem of normal families of holomorphic functions concerning shared values was studied.Let F be a family of holomorphic functions in a domain D∈C such that each f∈F has only zeros of multiplicity at least 3.if for each pair of functions f and g in F,f+a(f′)n and g+a(g′)n share a value b in D where n is a positive integer and a,b are two finite constants such that n≥2 and a≠0,then F is normal in D.


A column of alumina modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and dimethylglyoxime (DMG) was prepared for the preconcentration of trace nickel from water samples for flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) determinations. Under optimized conditions (pH=7.0; flow rate: 20 mlmin -1 ) nickel was retained on the column. The nickel collected on the column was eluted with 5 mL of 1 M nitric acid. Recovery was greater than 98%. A concentration factor of 200 can be achieved by passing 1000mL of sample through the column. The relative standard deviation (10 replicate analyses) at the 200 ngml -1 level for nickel was 2.2% and the corresponding limit of detection (based on 3�) was 0.82 ngml -1 . The method was applied to the determination of nickel in row solution for nickel plating.


A best evidence topic was arranged according to the previously accepted structured protocol. The question addressed here was if flap construction after excision of pilonidal sinus tracks showed difference in functional outcome compared to simple closure. A total of 118 papers were found using the reported search, six represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, patient group, study type, outcomes and key results of these papers are tabulated. Of these six studies, one was one was systematic review of prospective randomized controlled trials and the other five were prospective randomized controlled studies. Four studies showed that flap construction was not superior to simple primary closure techniques in terms of outcome and patient satisfaction. The other two reported that excision and flap construction was better than excision and primary repair in treatment of pilonidal disease.


Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is one of the most frequently used tools for the characterization of nanomaterials. Aberration-correction has revolutionized the field of electron microscopy and now equipment is commercially available providing sub-Gngström resolution and single atom sensitivity for atomic, electronic, and chemical structure analyses. In this entry, aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and related techniques are reviewed in the framework of nanomaterials sciences. Three examples from the areas of catalysis, hydrogen storage, and nanoscale thin films, are used to demonstrate experimental capabilities and current resolution limits.


A 3D numerical model was performed to simulate the different cases of the water flow across different-shaped square cylinders. Figures of streamlines and turbulent kinetic energy contour lines in different cases were obtained. Through the comparison of streamlines, the areas of strong turbulent kinetic energy and the strongest turbulent kinetic energy nucleus, the results indicated that,(i) two symmetrical vortexes were formed behind the regular quadrilateral square cylinder and the "⊥"-shaped square cylinder ,respectively, and the former were bigger than the latter .While the flow crossed the "±"-shaped square cylinder without forming vortex.(ii) When water flowed around different-shaped square cylinders, from the regular quadrilateral one, the "⊥"-shaped one to the "±"-shaped one, successively, the strong turbulent kinetic energy distribution area, in which turbulence kinetic energy value was above 18,gradually increased; while the strongest turbulence kinetic energy nucleus, whose value of turbulence kinetic energy was the largest among turbulence kinetic energy nucleuses in the strong turbulent kinetic energy distribution area, moved forward gradually and its area was smaller and smaller.


son of the fibrinogen Clauss assay and the fibrinogen PT derived method in patients with dysfibrinogenemia. Thromb Res 2010;126:e428-33. 11. Sanders LH, Anderson BJ, Shehatha J, Clarson M, Mundy JA. Aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting in a rare case of congenital hypofibrinogenemia. Ann Thorac Surg 2009;88:1329-31. 12. Solomon C, Sorensen B, Hochleitner G, Kashuk J, Ranucci M, Schochl H. Comparison of whole blood fibrin-based clot tests in thrombelastography and thromboelastometry. Anesth Analg 2012;114:721-30. 13. Fazekas AS, Funk GC, Klobassa DS, Ruther H, Ziegler I, Zander R, Semmelrock HJ. Evaluation of 36 formulas for calculating plasma osmolality. Intensive Care Med 2013;39: 302-8. 14. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals: writing and editing for biomedical publication. Updated April 2010. [cited 2013 Jan 21]. Available from: URL: http://www.icmje.org/urm_full.pdf


Analyses of marine and terrestrial palynomorphs of ODP Site 645 in Baffin Bay led us to define a new biostratigraphical scheme covering the late Miocene to Pleistocene based on dinocyst and acritar...


The Casimir energy, free energy and Casimir force are evaluated, at arbitrary finite temperature, for a dilute dielectric ball with uniform velocity of light inside the ball and in the surrounding medium. In particular, we investigate the classical limit at high temperature. The Casimir force found is repulsive, as in previous calculations.


2-Arylamino-2-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylidene)ethanenitriles 6a–c together with the corresponding formanilides 7a–c have been obtained from the reaction of N1,N2-diarylformamidines 1a–c with 2-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylidene)propanedinitrile 2 in ethyl acetate solution, while the analogous N1,N2-diarylacetamidines 8b–e with 2 gave indeno[1,2-d]azepines 17b–e and in two cases 2-arylamino-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylidene)ethanenitriles 6b,c as minor products. In contrast, 2-oxospiro[(2,3-dihydro-1H-indole)-3,4′-(1′,2′,3′,4′-tetrahydropyridine)]-5′-carbonitriles 22b,c were obtained from the reaction of 8b,c with 2-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-2-ylidene)propanedinitrile 18. The structure assignment of spiro compound 22b has been confirmed on the basis of an X-ray crystal structure determination.


Organisational researchers believe that there is norm of reciprocity between the employers and employees. This study examined two measures of organization's contribution to reciprocity dynamic with employees which are psychological contract breach and perceived organisational support on job involvement in public and private organizations in Abuja. Two hundred participants were selected using purposive sampling technique in a cross sectional survey that utilised ex-post facto research design; and two hypotheses were tested using three standardised psychological scales. Data collected were analysed using multiple regression and independent t-test. The results showed 3.2% variance of psychological contract breach and perceived organizational support on job involvement. Employees in the public organizations had higher score on job involvement than employees in public organizations. Implication of study was discussed in line with attitude change and national development.


For the reason of irrigation amount from yellow river being reduced,and some hydraulic engineering in Yinchuan plain have been built,the cycling conditions of surface water and groundwater have been changed,and the groundwater system changes,and the ecologic environment has been affected.Research work needs to carry out about them.Using groundwater dynamic type method,Yinchuan Plain can be divided into 182 dynamic zones.After optimization designing of confined water level monitoring network of Yinchuan Plain,the results of monitoring network optimization are evaluated by using Kriging method.Comparative analysis before and after interpolation error equivalent line and consider the economic factors,finally,215 monitoring wells of confined water level need to be located in Yinchuan Plain.After optimizing the monitoring wells,it can provide basis for effectively and accurately monitoring the spatial distribution and variation of groundwater levels,and for the regional evaluation of groundwater resources,environmental protection and agricultural planning.


1. Defining the Consumer Interest 2. Consumerism and Consumerists 3. Business and Consumerism 4. Exchange and the Consumer Interest 5. Industrial Organization 6. Consumers and the Law 7. Consumers and the Political Process 8. A Consumer Policy Framework 9. Perspectives and Prospects.


This paper discusses on the supply-line cable losses of shunt type active power filters (APF) in three-phase four-wire systems according to two instantaneous compensation methods: 1) for eliminating the total instantaneous-reactive current where the neutral current can still flow; 2) for eliminating the modified instantaneous-reactive current where the neutral current is compensated at zero. Total cable losses (line and neutral) obtained with the second approach are lower than those obtained with the first approach. It was demonstrated in common situations of medium and low relative-values of the zero-sequence voltage.


The effects of superimposing cyclic shear stress on the undrained behavior of saturated sand under monotonic loading are identified and discussed. This stress-controlled cyclic shear stress is intended to represent the small seismic shaking persisting after the main strong shaking of an earthquake. It is characterized by the cyclic stress ratio and the number of cycles applied per 1% of shear strain developed by the sand along the direction of the strain-controlled monotonic load. The experimental program includes tests performed using bidirectional simple shear and hollow cylindrical torsional shear types of apparatus. The only material employed in this study is standard Japanese Toyoura sand. In both apparatus, the complementary cyclic stress is applied through and independent of the monotonic load. One of the most remarkable effects is the reduction of the strength attained by saturated sand under monotonic loading application alone.


The hydrodynamic spatially-two-dimensional model of transport of deposits in a coastal zone of reservoirs is considered in article. Description of hydrodynamic processes executed on the basis of the Navier-Stokes equations. Approximation of the problem of hydrodynamics in the time variable is made on the basis of splitting schemes on physical processes, as well as schemes with weights. For the given mathematical model the discrete model is constructed, its program realization is considered, results of numerical experiments are presented. Dynamics of function of elevation and topography of the bottom level changing is presented in the article.


The purpose of the article is to prove a special approach in the vocal training of foreign students, in particular Chinese, based on the analysis of various pedagogical methods. The novelty of the study lies in the comprehension of the problem of training foreign students and the peculiarities of vocal and pedagogical methods that are necessary to achieve this goal. The research methodology is based on the use of systematic-historical and comparative methods, which are used to analyse the traditions of the development of Italian and Ukrainian vocal schools and their most prominent representatives. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of various pedagogical methods, it was possible to prove a special approach in the vocal training of foreign students, in particular Chinese students. The study analysed the concept of the "Ukrainian vocal school" in its historical development, highlighted the names of the most prominent teachers who formed a whole galaxy of outstanding Ukrainian singers, of whom the country is proud and who have gained wide fame outside Ukraine. In particular, we are talking about such teachers as Oleksandr Myshuga, Olena Muravyova, and Valentyna Antoniuk. Various educational and pedagogical methods inherent in the European and Ukrainian vocal schools are analysed. The article highlights the national features that distinguish the Ukrainian school of singing. These include solo singing of Ukrainian folklore singing and the centuries-old tradition of choral singing. The following main components of adaptation of foreign students to the specifics of studying in Ukraine are outlined. Attention is focused on the ability to identify the relationship between the quality of singing sound and sound production technique.
Key words: vocal pedagogy, vocal method, concentric method, phonetic method, phonopsychological technique, sociocultural adaptation, vocal orthography, authentic-style performance.


Relaxation spectra in polydisperse polymers were calculated by viscoelastic functions of stress relaxation following sudden straining. Inversion of these function provides an accurate way to estimate the molecular weight distribution of viscoelastic poymers. This theoretical treatment of the relationship between relaxation spectrum and molecular weight distribution is useful for determination of molecular weight distribution of insoluble or otherwise intractable polymers. The molecular weight distributions of nylon 6, polyacrylonitrile, undrawn PET and drawn PET filament fibers were obtained from the theoretical relationship between the relaxation spectra and the molecular weight distributions. We will describe the development of the molecular viscoelastic theory of polymers, and show the possibility of using the theory to correlate the molecular weight distribution and the relaxation spectrum from stress relaxation curves.


Since 1996, technical subjects such as Technology Kejuruteaan (TK), Drawing (LK) and Invention (RC) has been introduced as an elective subject for students grades 4 and Form 5 school newspaper in Malaysia. Examination of the data subjects Lembega TK, LK and RC from 2006 to 2010 showed that students' performance in the Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) less favorable. Data Planning and Policy Unit Ministry of Education also showed a decrease in enrollment in kindergarten, LK and RC between 10 to 17 per cent from 2009 to 2011. Thus, this study is critical to identify the planning and execution of these subjects in terms of infrastructure use some evaluation model KIPP - Context, Input, process and Product (CIPP) by Stufflebeam et al . (1971). So, the purpose of this paper is to report the results of empirical studies conducted on perceptions of administrators and teachers of these subjects to the infrastructure. The data obtained reflect the perceptions of 159 administrators and 176 teachers from various backgrounds, the infrastructure available in secondary schools. Implications and suggestions for teaching and learning are discussed and presented.


The existence of large income gaps between agricultural and non-agricultural workers in developing countries is well known. However, the source of these gaps is still being debated and the two main hypotheses barriers to labor mobility and sorting of workers based on unobserved productivity have opposing implications for aggregate efficiency. We use a panel of Indonesian workers to move beyond the cross-sectional gaps and document that workers moving out of agriculture see income gains of over 20% while those moving into agriculture see similar income losses, with large flows of workers in both directions. To interpret these findings, we structurally estimate a model featuring both sorting and barriers to sectoral mobility. Our estimates indicate that while self-selection is important, there is more misallocation than is suggested in the recent literature. Removing mobility barriers would lead one third of workers to reallocate and would increase aggregate output by as much as 21%. JEL Numbers: E24, J24, J31, J62, O13, O15, O53.


Power converters are becoming increasingly commonplace in the electrical industry. Product manufacturers and suppliers of electrical equipment are demanding ever-increasing functionality (i.e., lower input and output voltages, higher currents, faster transient response) from their power supply systems. SR improves efficiency, thermal performance, power density, manufacturability, and reliability, and decreases the overall system cost of power supply systems. This paper will examine the advantages of SR and discuss the challenges encountered in its implementation.


The incidences of male feticide and subsequent destruction of the aborted foetus although apparently are less compared to female feticide in India, the law of the land does not differentiate the two by gender and the perpetrators and facilitators for the crime including the woman are all liable for the offence. The reasons for male and female feticide may differ but the scientific and investigative approach in detection and dealing with the crime are the same and the forensic experts and medical practioners are required to play a proactive role in the interest of justice and to check this heinous crime against humanity.


Process using the same composition with the composition, and that is provided in order to reduce mercury emissions from the combustion gas. Composition like that are wood-containing inorganic salt such as ammonium bromide or calcium bromide salt-derived or a coconut shell-derived activated carbon and / or bromide.


We characterize and decipher the resistome and the virulence factors of Shewanella algae MARS 14, a multidrug-resistant clinical strain using the whole genome sequencing (WGS) strategy. The bacteria were isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage of a hospitalized patient in the Timone Hospital in Marseille, France who developed pneumonia after plunging into the Mediterranean Sea. Results: The genome size of S. algae MARS 14 was 5,005,710 bp with 52.8% guanine cytosine content. The resistome includes members of class C and D beta-lactamases and numerous multidrug-efflux pumps. We also found the presence of several hemolysins genes, a complete flagellum system gene cluster and genes responsible for biofilm formation. Moreover, we reported for the first time in a clinical strain of Shewanella spp. the presence of a bacteriocin (marinocin). Conclusion: The WGS analysis of this pathogen provides insight into its virulence factors and resistance to antibiotics.


Isolated mesodiencephalic junction (MDJ) involvement is rare and atypical for ADEM diagnosis. ADEM is a monophasic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, characterized by scattered focal or multifocal (disseminated) inflammation of the brain and/or spinal cord. Although no specific MRI criteria have been identified for ADEM, certain patterns are generally recognized. Four patterns of cerebral involvement have been proposed to describe the MRI findings in ADEM: (1) ADEM with small lesions (5 mm); (2) ADEM with large, confluent, or tumefactive lesions, with frequent extensive perilesional edema and mass effect; (3) ADEM with additional symmetric bithalamic involvement; and (4) acute hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis, when some evidence of hemorrhage can be identified in the large demyelinating A 32-year-old woman presented with 4-week history of diplopia and forgetfulness and unsteadiness on walking. Two weeks previously she had had upper respiratory tract infection. There were no other systemic manifestations. Clinical examination showed impaired episodic memory, vertical gaze palsy in both up and down gaze, right eye abduction deficits (likely pseudoabducens palsy), and normal pupil reaction. She had impaired tandem walking, normal power, and deep tendon reflexes. Her fundus examination was normal, and meningeal signs were absent.


The crack was found between side beam lower plate and lateral beam web when 209P(T) Bogie C Type Welded Frame was examined and repaired. The company had a meeting on crack analysis,improvement measure was provided.Comparison between the original structure and improvement structure was done by finite element analysis,dynamic stress test on line and fatigue life prediction. This improvement measure is effectual. MOR approves it to put in practice.


ABSTR AC T Linked data has been on the tongues and minds of librarians for years, but the concept still manages to remain somewhat mysterious and unreachable to the broader technical services community. Recognizing the broad divide between the complex conceptual debates and the reality of practical application, this session seeks to bridge this gap. In providing an entry-level introduction to the practice of using linked data to represent bibliographic descriptions, this session also seeks to spark interest in further participation in the wider linked data movement.


The current study examined the association between trauma exposure and gang involvement and whether these interrelations were explained by callous-unemotionality (CU). In addition, the current study examined whether the associations among these variables differed based on race or ethnicity. A sample of 829 justice-involved youth (74% boys, 45% participants of color) recruited from a detention center completed self-report measures of trauma exposure, CU, and gang involvement. A moderated mediation analysis indicated that CU helped explain the association between trauma exposure and gang involvement for non-Hispanic White participants only. In contrast, the direct association between trauma exposure and gang involvement was significant across racial or ethnic groups. These findings highlight the importance of a trauma-informed perspective on intervening and preventing gang involvement among youth.


The rapidly proliferating cells in plant meristems must be protected from genome damage. Here, we show that the regulatory role of the Arabidopsis RETINOBLASTOMA RELATED (RBR) in cell proliferation can be separated from a novel function in safeguarding genome integrity. Upon DNA damage, RBR and its binding partner E2FA are recruited to heterochromatic γH2AX‐labelled DNA damage foci in an ATM‐ and ATR‐dependent manner. These γH2AX‐labelled DNA lesions are more dispersedly occupied by the conserved repair protein, AtBRCA1, which can also co‐localise with RBR foci. RBR and AtBRCA1 physically interact in vitro and in planta. Genetic interaction between the RBR‐silenced amiRBR and Atbrca1 mutants suggests that RBR and AtBRCA1 may function together in maintaining genome integrity. Together with E2FA, RBR is directly involved in the transcriptional DNA damage response as well as in the cell death pathway that is independent of SOG1, the plant functional analogue of p53. Thus, plant homologs and analogues of major mammalian tumour suppressor proteins form a regulatory network that coordinates cell proliferation with cell and genome integrity.


Background Although soccer players routinely head the ball in practice and games, recent research has suggested that cumulative effects of repetitive heading may cause sub-concussive injury with accompanying effects on brain and behavior. The current study aimed to prospectively investigate the effects of repetitive, intentional heading in soccer practice on brain structure and cognitive function, using a within-subjects design. Methods Participants included 10 soccer players (mean age 20.09 years ± 2.88) who were examined immediately pre- and post-heading practice. An accelerometer was used to measure the force of the impact during soccer heading. Magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired on a 3 T GE Scanner with diffusion tensor imaging. Diffusion tensor imaging analyses were completed using functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain software library's Tract-Based Spatial Statistics to examine changes in both fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity due to heading the soccer ball. Behavioral measures were also completed pre- and post-soccer heading and included the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool and three short-computerized executive function tasks; R studio was used to compare behavioral data within subjects. Results Accelerometer data revealed that none of the heading impacts were >10g. At this level of impact, there were no significant pre–post heading differences in either fractional anisotropy or mean diffusivity. Additionally, aside from minimal practice effects, there were no significant differences in Sport Concussion Assessment Tool scores and no significant differences in the performance of the three executive function tasks pre–post heading. Conclusions The results provide initial evidence that repetitive heading in soccer practice, at a g force of 10, does not cause changes in brain structure or executive function. Future research should investigate heading in the context of games and with a greater sample size that would allow for sex-based comparisons.


CLOSER co-operation of gastro-enterologists and surgeons with roentgenologists, and their untiring efforts to improve the technic and the diagnostic value of their findings has resulted in the recognition of gastric pathology much earlier than was possible a few years ago. To-day many small deviations from the normal shadow on the skiagram, which were overlooked in the past, are of definite diagnostic value to us. From year to year, the percentage of negative roentgen findings in patients with positive symptoms, is becoming less and less. Much suffering and expense is spared the patient as a result of an early and accurate diagnosis, made possible through the ever-increasing efficiency of roentgenology. Yet, in spite of all of the success that has crowned our efforts, we cannot feel that we have attained perfection and are often confronted with the painful realization of the inherent limitations of roentgenography and are ever on the lookout for means to improve the value of our findings, The permanent re...


The Oxford Instruments group is constructing a novel compact electron storage ring intended for use as a powerful source of soft X‐rays. The main application foreseen for such a source is in X‐ray lithography for future sub‐micron semiconductor geometries, but other research applications are also anticipated.At the heart of the source are two 180° superconducting dipole magnets which reduce the bending radius from the several meters common in conventional VUV rings to just over 0.5 meters. Consequently the overall dimensions of the storage ring itself are extremely compact, lending the device to industrial applications.Injection into the ring will be by linear accelerator at energies up to 200 MeV via a suitable beam transport arrangement of focusing and bending magnets with simultaneous pulsed operation of septum and kicker magnets in the ring itself. The latter is corrected for chromaticity effects.The vacuum system will be of UHV standard throughout, with pumping provided by the superconducting dipoles...


Abstract : Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease of global concern. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 20 million active tuberculosis cases infect another 50 to 100 million people each year. Military medical units have traditionally focused on the mastery of casualty care. Data shows traumatic injuries represented a mere fraction of the medical care provided during Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm. In addition, humanitarian and peace-keeping missions have become an important part of recent military missions. Primary care and treatment of infectious diseases, a major focus of nurse practitioner (NP) practice, are becoming the challenges of today's deployments. The purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to describe Air Force health care provider's knowledge of TB skin testing principles and investigate relationships between demographic variables and that knowledge. Respondents were a convenience sample of 172 Air Force health care providers at a mid-level medical treatment facility including: medical doctors (MD), doctors of osteopathy (DO), physician assistants (PA), nurse practitioners (NP) and independent duty medical technicians (IDMT). The study questionnaire consisted of ten demographic data questions and eight multiple choice questions concerning current guidelines for tuberculosis skin testing. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methodology. Results were reported in an effort to describe the current demographics, state of knowledge and relationships between the two in a sample Air Force health care providers.


SmartCells developed a technology that would re-engineer the existing pharmaceutical, insulin, to perform in a way that was safer and more efficacious than the original underlying drug (Zion, 2004). This novel approach to delivering insulin was in the late pre-clinical phase of development when the pharmaceutical giant, Merck & Co., acquired SmartCells and its technology in late-2010 (Carroll, 2010). The deal garnered national awareness for being one of the largest pre-clinical life-science deals in history (Booth, 2011). Even with this much attention, to date no one has critically analyzed the key factors nor the inner mechanics of SmartCells' unique ability to achieve such an outcome. This case study will delve into not only the critical external factors but also the internal events and decisions made by the company and its key management team members leading up to the Merck acquisition. Using publicly available technical papers, patents and published articles as well as interviews with former high-level SmartCells team members, this case study will determine the general applicability and potential for deploying the "SmartCells Business Model" to enhance the rate of success of early-stage pharmaceutical ventures.


Procalcitonin (PCT) is an important marker for the diagnosis of bacterial sepsis. In this study, we evaluated the basal performance of the recently developed PCT kit "Lumipulse Presto Brahms PCT". The obtained within-run and between-day precisions were 1.1–2.0% and 3.3–3.5%, respectively. The obtained diluted linearity and lower limit of detection were 90.00 ng/mL and 0.003 ng/mL, respectively. Interference analysis showed that only RF negatively affected the assay results. PCT levels decreased to 14% at 24 hours and room temperature, in contrast to 5% at 4°C. The correlation coefficient (r) between this assay and the conventional assay was 0.991. The basal performance of the PCT kit is satisfactory and it could be used for measurement with high sensitivity. Results suggest that this kit is useful for the diagnosis of bacterial sepsis.


Twenty-five women with advanced breast cancer were treated with n-ottil-enolic-ether of dihydrotestosterone. Objective regression of all lesions or of part of them was observed in 8 patients (32% of the cases), with an average duration of 5.5 months (max. 9 months). The highest incidence of regression was observed in lesions of soft tissues in patients in advanced post-climaterium. Subjective results were good, especially on pain caused by bone metastases, even in the absence of an objective regression of the neoplastic localization. There were mild side effects; a slight hypertricosis was observed in 6 patients. The authors emphasize the analogy between the incidence, type and degree of neoplastic regressions obtained with the present compound and those obtained with testosterone propionate. They conclude that the antitumoral effect of this class of steroids is not necessarily related to the degree of their androgen or gonadotropic activity.


Part I: Introduction. Bloom, Millon The Rationale for Personalized Assessment in Clinical Practice. Millon, Boice, Sinsabaugh, Relating Personalized Assessment to Personalized Psychotherapy. Part II: A Guide to the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI). T. Millon, C. M. Millon, Scientific Grounding and Validation of the MCMI. Rossini, Choca, Guidelines for the Contemporary Interpretation of the MCMI-III. Bloom, Millon, A Brief Illustrative MCMI Case Study. Grossman, The MCMI-III and MACI Grossman Facet Scales. Dorr, Clinical Integration of the MCMI and the Rorschach Comprehensive System. Antoni, Studies Relating the MCMI and the MMPI. Dyer, Using the Millon Inventories in Forensic Psychology. Stoner, Using the MCMI in Correctional Settings. S. L. K. Russell, E. W. Russell, Using the MCMI-III in Neuropsychological Evaluations. McMahon, Diamond, MCMI Applications in Alcohol and Drug Dependence. Hyer, Molinari, Mills, Yeager, Personological Assessment and Treatment of Older. Adults, Magnavita, Using the MCMI in General Treatment Planning. Nurse, Stanton, Using the MCMI in Treating Couples. Rossi, Sloore, Derksen, The Adaptation of the MCMI-III in Two Non-English Speaking Countries: State of the Art of the Dutch Language Version. Simonsen, Elkit, Experiences in Translating and Validating the MCMI in Denmark. Strack, Millon, On the Dimensional Theory, Empirical Support, and Structural Character of the MCMI-III. Part III: A Guide to Associated Millon Clinical Inventories. Antoni, C. M. Millon, T. Millon, Using the Millon Behavioral Medicine Diagnostic (MBMD). McCann, Using the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI) and its Facet Subscales. Bloom, A Brief Illustrative MACI Case Study. Kamp, Tringone, Development and Validation of the Millon Pre-adolescent Clinical Inventory (M-PACI). Strack, Using the Millon College Counseling Inventory (MCCI) in Student Services. Grossman, Tringone, Millon, Using the Millon-Grossman Personality Domains Checklist (MG-PDC) to Integrate Clinical Assessments. Part IV: A Guide to Associated Millon Personality Inventories. Strack, Using the Personality Adjective Check List (PACL) to Gauge Normal Personality Styles. Weiss, The Millon Index of Personality Styles Revised (MIPS Revised): Assessing the Dimensions of Normal Personality. Bloom, A Brief MIPS Revised Case Study. Part V: Epilogue. Millon, Bloom, Future of the Millon Inventories and Their Scientific Base.


Present the method of the signal processing fo r hybrid grating encoder,the practical circuit is introduced.It is composed of differential drive,photoelectric separation,pulse quadruplex and interfacing circuit with computer.A method for self-start of PMSM is given.


: Described in the paper is the WDPF system employed by No.5 Pipe- rolling Facility of Pangang Group Chengdu Seamless Steel Tube Co., Ltd., covering such aspects as maintenance skills, in- deep analysis of the system's typical failures and causes therefor, and details of fixing methods.


The literature on the influence of atmospheric pollutants on paper permanence shows that the absorption of sulfur dioxide by paper depends on many factors. There is limited work on the effect of nitrogen dioxide on paper permanence. No data exists on the effect of ozone. Work on mixtures of gases is scarce. There is almost no literature on the relationship between the amount of pollutant gas absorbed and the strength loss of paper.


The performance of multiwavelength BEFL based on nonlinear fiber loop mirror (NOLM) optimization has been experimentally investigated. The NOLM is optimized to act as highly reflective mirror, which results in reducing the threshold power and enhancing the number of the generated Stokes lines at low EDF pump power as well. This design presents a low threshold power of 2 mW and generates up to 26 Stokes lines at EDF pump power of 25 mW.


The purpose of this paper is to propose possible solutions to some problems and requirements concerning the interaction between Java objects spread across clusters of machines. The problems we consider include requirements concerning location transparency and high-availability of Java distributed objects. Thus, an object should be able to access another remote object without knowing where that object resides. This location transparency induces also migration transparency. The enhanced properties of services offered by Java server objects are provided by duplicating the active Java objects, also transparently, for the clients. In order to achieve our aims for supporting reliable Java distributed applications, we developed a framework based on JNDI and LDAP, as the protocol to access the directory service where the references to the Java shared objects are stored.


Effects of root penetration restriction on growth and Mn nutrition of wheat with different genotypes were studied in paddy soils using a method of nylon net bags (400 meshes) buried in the soil. The results showed that the spatial distribution of Mn in paddy soils played an important role in growth and Mn nutrition of wheat crops. In the treatment where wheat roots were restricted in the plough layer by nylon net bags, the symptoms of Mn deficiency in wheat occurred much earlier the variety and more seriously than the usual one. Of the two tested wheat genotypes the variety, 80 8 was tolerant to Mn deficiency while the variety 3295 was sensitive to Mn deficiency, respectively. The restriction of root penetration intensified symptoms of Mn deficiency of the Mn deficient sensitive genotype (3295). The experiment demonstrated that well developed roots and strong ability to penetrate the roots into the Mn rich deep soil layer might explain the better tolerance of Mn deficiency in the tolerant genotypes.


The Accelerator Performance Demonstration Facility is the front‐end prototype of a CW accelerator useful for accelerator‐driven technologies. Its purpose to evaluate the reliability, availability, and maintainability of a high‐current and high‐power machine. This paper describes the design and technology development of the facility.


Arabic language support in search engines and operating systems is improved in recent years. Searching in the Internet is reliable and can be compared to the excellent support for several other languages, including English. However, for text with diacritics there are some limitations. For this reason, most Information retrieval (IR) systems remove diacritics from text and ignore it for its complexity. Searching text with diacritics is important for some kinds of documents, such as those of religious books, some newspapers and children stories. This research shows the design and development of the system that overcome the problem. The proposed system considers diacritics. The proposed system includes the design complexity in the retrieving algorithm rather than the information repository, which is database in this study. Also, this study analyses the results and the performance. Results are promising and performance analysis shows methods to enhance design and increase the performance. The proposed system can be integrated in search engines, text editors and any information retrieval system that include Arabic text. Performance analysis of the proposed system shows that this system is reliable. The proposed system is applied on database of Hadeeth, which is religious book includes the prophet action and statements. The system can be applied in any kind of data repository.


The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, erlotinib is used in the target therapy of the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the low specificity of this drug causes many side effects such as skin rash and diarrhoea [1]. It has been proven, that the nanoparticles have higher affinity to the tumor cell and more readily accumulate inside them [2]. Thus, nanoparticles may be used as an effective drug delivery system which could reduce the side effects. In this study, the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was applied to characterize the adsorption geometry the investigated drug immobilized onto colloidal Au and Ag nanoparticles in various conditions (e.g. time of incubation). The Fig. 1 presents the SERS spectra collected upon different incubation time at 37°C. The observed spectral pattern indicates that the erlotinib adsorption geometry onto the both SERS – active nanoparticle systems changes as the incubation time increases.


The present invention is directed to a system and method for detecting the detection axis with a parallel multi-axis detecting sensor unit, the method for installation of a multi-sensor unit, the multi-sensor unit. More particularly, in the parallel-axis detecting multi-sensor unit for the for the buried in the road detects a pressure applied by the vehicle to pass the over the road to get the vehicle axis quantity of the motor vehicle, the conductor and the outer surface of the conductor surrounding the piezo film sensor and a plurality of piezoelectric portions are arranged to have a coating layer for covering the piezoelectric film, it is spaced a certain distance from each other in the depth direction; The sensor base of the plurality of piezoelectric sensor, respectively which is added the plurality of the piezo sensor mounted to maintain the predetermined interval; And one piezoelectric sensor coupled to be each of the other end said plurality of piezoelectric sensor part connected to the side end, the other side surface parallel axis detection characterized in that comprises a junction module provided with a lead cable lead cable coupling end that is coupled to It relates to a multi-sensor units.


Background
The low influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) observed during the A(H3N2)-dominated 2017-18 season may be due to vaccine virus adaptation to growth in eggs. We compared effectiveness of cell-cultured and egg-based vaccines among Medicare beneficiaries.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study on beneficiaries ages ≥65 years who received an influenza vaccine (cell-cultured, egg-based quadrivalent; egg-based high-dose, adjuvanted, or standard-dose trivalent) during the 2017-18 season. We used Poisson regression to evaluate relative VE (RVE) in preventing influenza hospital encounters.

Results
Of >13 million beneficiaries, RVE for cell-cultured vaccines relative to egg-based quadrivalent vaccines was 10% (95% CI: 7% to 13%). In a mid-season interim analysis, this estimate was 16.5% (95% CI: 10.3% to 22.2%). In a five-way comparison, cell-cultured (RVE 11%, 95% CI: 8% to 14%) and egg-based high-dose (RVE 8%, 95% CI: 7% to 10%) vaccines were more effective than egg-based quadrivalent vaccines.

Conclusions
he modest VE difference between cell-cultured and egg-based vaccines only partially explains the low overall VE reported by CDC, suggesting egg adaptation was not the main contributor to the low VE found among individuals ages ≥65 years. The mid-season interim analysis we performed demonstrates that our methods can be used to evaluate VE actively during the flu season.


The article presents research results concerning social factors determining 5-6-year-olds' absorption of aggressive behavioural patterns from television programs. The study was conducted among pre-school children in three settings: cities, towns and rural areas. The findings refer to the influence of various social factors, such as family, peer community and place of residence, on children's aggressive behaviour.


Dreismann, Gray and Blach (DGB) have claimed that neutron scattering from molecular hydrogen at energy transfers E sufficiently large to break the H-H bond, gives E ∼3% larger than predicted by conventional quantum theory. DGB presented this claim as the first experimental evidence for energetic consequences of decoherence of quantum entangled particles due to interactions with the environment. It is shown here this claim is entirely spurious. DGB obtained disagreement with conventional theory by changing the geometrical description of the Vesuvio instrument at ISIS, they used to collect their data. Instead of using the default scattering angles obtained from neutron diffraction, DGB used scattering angles obtained using a steel rule and protractor. DGB then manufactured apparent but in fact completely spurious evidence for quantum decoherence effects from the large measurement errors in the scattering angles they used. These give shifts to both higher and lower E than predicted by conventional quantum th...


For research on Web-based instruction, web usage data may be obtained by parsing the user access log, setting cookies, or uploading the cache. However, these options may have limited applicability. For example, the user access log cannot track users who follow links to other websites. Further, cookie or cache approaches may raise privacy issues. In these situations, self-reported data collected by surveys are used. This gives rise to the question: How accurate are self-reported data? Cook and Campbell (1979) have pointed out that subjects (a) tend to report what they believe the researcher expects to see, or (b) report what reflects positively on their own abilities, knowledge, beliefs, or opinions. Another concern about such data centers on whether subjects are able to accurately recall past behaviors. Cognitive psychologists have warned that the human memory is fallible (Schacter, 1999) and thus the reliability of self-reported data is tenuous.


Minute amounts of sodium can cause semiconductor devices to fail. Wafer processors have steadily reduced sodium content to increasingly low levels in the gate oxide area. However, levels as high as 5E18 cm/sup -3/ are still commonly detected around metal layers in the industry. The industry has until now relied on the BPSG layer to prevent penetration into the active gate area. This approach is usually effective, but not bulletproof. Pinholes or thin spots in BPSG film still allow sodium ions to seep through. This protective or inter-dielectric layer. As part of a strong commitment to achieve built-in reliability, Siliconix launched a project to totally eliminate sodium from its products. As reported in this paper. We have successfully reduced the presence of sodium down to the SIMS detection level.<<ETX>>


Ultraviolet hyperchromicity experiments indicate that in DNA duplex formation, a C–T mismatch is destabilizing in the center of a duplex, but behaves as a stable base pair at the terminus of a duplex. The C–T base pair is thought to contain two hydrogen bonds, but has thermodynamic parameters (ΔH° and ΔG° of dissociation) that are similar to a G‐C base pair. AMBER molecular mechanics calculations were performed to study the possible structural properties of DNA duplexes with central and terminal C–T combinations. These calculations also indicate that a central C–T pair destabilizes a duplex, while terminal C–T forms a stable base pair. Hydrogen bonding between cytosine and thymine occurs only in the energy‐minimized structures when the helix diameter decreases and the propeller twist angle between the bases increases. These changes are found to occur only at the end of a duplex in the calculations, which may explain the experimental results.


Missile defenses have become a source of controversy between the United States and Russia, out of proportion to their technological capabilities and in negligence of strategic and political realities. Cooler heads should prevail. U.S. or other national missile defenses will not abolish mutual deterrence based on assured retaliation. In addition, whether defenses support or undermine deterrence is a question of political intent, not of technology determinism. U.S. missile defenses deployed in Europe, for example, might be provocateurs of Russian distrust or they might be instruments of collaborative research and development under a regime of cooperative security.


A guide to general reference information for students enrolled in the School of Business. Provides outside weblinks that have valuable information.


Families know more about the children I teach than I do. I'm absolutely convinced of that. Because of this, I work hard to gain as much information as I can from the families with whom I work.


This chapter asks whether victims have a 'right' to the truth, and if they do, whether international trials are the appropriate vehicle for vindicating that right. Many have argued for a limited role for international criminal trials, focused exclusively on the fate of individual defendants, while others seek to subordinate criminal trials to larger, historiographic goals of constructing a definitive record of atrocities and other violations. The chapter reframes these debates around the concept of 'victim rights', especially since the Rome Statute provides a privileged place for victims in the procedural mechanics of the International Criminal Court. The argument here is then developed through discussion of four areas of doctrine: the victims' 'personal interests' in the determination of guilt, the recharacterization of charges against the defendant, the right of victims to introduce evidence, and victims' obligation to disclose exonerating evidence. The chapter concludes that these developments, combined with the role of human rights law, has ushered in an 'emerging truth regime'.


In this article we show how we use a relatively new agent-oriented modeling language, Tropos, to model quality of service (QoS) in distributed systems. The advantage of Tropos is that, in addition to the traditional system modeling phases, it has a special emphasis on modeling early phase requirements of a system. We have used a case study to demonstrate our solution. In this work we demonstrate with the help of an example how QoS in distributed systems can be modeled by extending the dimensions of an agent-oriented ontology


The thesis investigates the application of vortex theory for analyzing the aerodynamic loads on wind turbine
blades. Based on this method, a graphical user friendly program is developed to be used by the industry. The
method, however, requires airfoil data of each section of the blade geometry. To this end, a newly published
transitional turbulence model and a variation of Explicit Algebraic Reynolds stress models (EARSM) are
implemented into the CALC-BFC CFD solver and their potential for calculating airfoil characteristics are
studied and compared to the XFOIL program. A hyperbolic mesh generation program is also developed to
provide high quality grids for CFD simulations. The overall performance of the method is evaluated against a
full 3D CFD analysis by ANSYS-CFX solver.


PATIENTS with hypertension and patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis frequently suffer from recurrent, transient episodes of dizziness, weakness of an extremity or aphasia that suggest focal cerebral anoxemia. The ephemeral nature of many of the attacks and the absence of residual signs or symptoms have been attributed in the past to cerebrovascular spasm. In recent years this explanation has been challenged1 on the grounds that cerebral vessels are not structurally adapted for marked constriction; that cervical sympathetic stimulation constricts pial vessels infinitely less than those of the skin2; and that this unproved functional mechanism need not be postulated to explain . . .


Yb-doped (Y<inf>x</inf>Sc<inf>1-x</inf>)<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> solid solution (x~0÷1) transparent ceramics with an optical transmittance of over 81% in VIS and NIR were fabricated via solid-state sintering of mixed sesquioxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser ablation. The absorption and emission spectra of Yb:(Y<inf>x</inf>Sc<inf>1-x</inf>)<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> solid solutions are intermediate between those of the single compositions with an evident broadening of the emission peak near 1035 nm.


DNA methylation in AML/MDS plays a major role in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The major genes involved in DNA methylation in AML/MDS are IDH1 and IDH2, TET2 and DNMT3A. Mutations in IDH1/2 result in the production of an aberrant metabolite, 2-hydroxyglutarate, which acts as a competitive inhibitor of alpha-ketoglutarate and inhibits TET2 oxidation of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Mutations in TET2 or IDH1/2 are associated with reduced levels of 5hmC and genomic hypermethylation. TET2 mutations and IDH1/2 mutations are believed to be mutually exclusive. In addition, DNMT3A as a DNA methyltransferase enzyme is commonly mutated in AML/MDS and its mutation is believed to lead to hypomethylation. Understanding the interaction between these genes may influence therapy with IDH1/2 inhibitors. Poster #1689


Objective To understand the relation among postnatal depression , social support and coping style among women in urban nuclear family .Methods One hundred and fifty lying-in women in urban nuclear family were surveyed by the social support rating scale ( SSRS ) , simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ) and Edinburgh postnatal depression scale ( EPDS), and the data were analyzed by the Pearson correlation and logistic regression .Results One hundred and fifty questionnaires were issued and 132 questionnaires were responsive with an effective response rate of 88.0%.The scores of objective support , subjective support, utilization of social support and total SSRS were respectively (10.00 ±2.99), (26.32 ± 4.72), (8.11 ±1.73), and (44.31 ±7.02).The scores of positive and negative coping style were respectively (26.80 ±4.65), (10.61 ±3.65).The score of EPDS was (8.33 ±1.87), and the incidence rate of postnatal depression was 22.73%.The scores of total SSRS and each dimension , positive coping style were negatively related to the score of EPDS (P〈0.01), and the score of negative coping style was positively related to the score of EPDS (P〈0.01).Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that subjective support , positive and negative coping style were influence in the postnatal depression (P〈0.05).Conclusions The incidence rate of postnatal depression among women in urban nuclear family is at high level , and the social support and coping style are important influence factors of postpartum depression .We should develop the positive coping skills in lying-in women, and establish the perfect social support system so as to reduce the incidence of postnatal depression .

Key words:
Postnatal depression; Urban nuclear family; Social support; Coping style


Observational and model evidence has been mounting that mesoscale eddies play an important role in air–sea interaction in the vicinity of western boundary currents and can affect the jet stream storm track. What is less clear is the interplay between oceanic and atmospheric meridional heat transport in the vicinity of western boundary currents. It is first shown that variability in the North Pacific, particularly in the Kuroshio Extension region, simulated by a high-resolution fully coupled version of the Community Earth System Model matches observations with similar mechanisms and phase relationships involved in the variability. The Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) is correlated with sea surface height anomalies generated in the central Pacific that propagate west preceding Kuroshio Extension variability with a ~3–4-yr lag. It is then shown that there is a near compensation of O(0.1) PW (PW ≡ 10^(15) W) between wintertime atmospheric and oceanic meridional heat transport on decadal time scales in the North Pacific. This compensation has characteristics of Bjerknes compensation and is tied to the mesoscale eddy activity in the Kuroshio Extension region.


We investigate the performance of a MUSIC-type algorithm for low frequent time-harmonic electromagnetic imaging of the subsurface. This algorithm is based on an asymptotic analysis and an associated asymptotic factorization of electromagnetic near field data in the presence of very small scatterers in the ground. Our numerical results illustrate the potential of this imaging method, and we provide theoretical evidence for what has been observed numerically. In particular, we address the issue of superresolution which, in this context, means that it is possible to use this method to recon- struct objects of centimeters in size, and separated by only few multiples of their diameters, despite the fact that the given time-harmonic electromagnetic waves may have wavelengths that are several kilometers long. Since the seminal paper by Devaney (13) there has been an increasing interest in imaging techniques for inverse obstacle problems along the lines of the celebrated MUSIC algorithm. We refer to Cheney (8) for a brief survey of this algorithm and its relation to inverse problems and imaging. A rigorous foundation of these MUSIC- type methods can be given along the lines developed in (7), which amounts to an asymptotic analysis of the given input data for the corresponding inverse problem, as the size of the obstacles converges to zero. Typically, these measurements can be interpreted in the limit as the data corresponding to an inverse source problem, with the infinitesimal obstacles acting as (fictitious) point sources. A good survey about the corresponding state of the art can be found in the books by Ammari and Kang (2,3). In the present paper we address a particular instance of these methods related to low-frequent subsurface electromagnetic imaging, intended to combine off-the- shelf metal detectors for taking multistatic data for time-harmonic electromagnetic induction tomography of the soil. This problem had originially been raised and funded by the German Federal Ministery of Education and Research (BMBF) to improve the performance of commercial metal detectors for humanitarian demining, cf. (18).


The diffusion effects on chain-extension reactions using carboxyl-terminated polyamide-12 as a model reactant with bisoxazolines were investigated by the stochastic Monte Carlo method. Thus, complicated direct modeling and numerical calculations were avoided. The chain-length dependence and detailed diffusive behavior were discussed in depth. The diffusion effects retarded the progress of chain-extension reactions and led to lower coupling efficiency. The simulated results indicated that the diffusion effects could make the final molecular weight distributions wider. In the presence of diffusion and with the progress of the coupling efficiency, peaks in the evolution curves of the weight-average molecular weight and valleys in the evolution curves of the polydispersity index were observed, respectively, when the coupling efficiency was low enough. These phenomena were different from those without diffusion effects and were analyzed in detail. The critical entanglement chain length had strong effects on the simulated results of the diffusion effects, especially when its value was near the average chain length. The results also showed that the effects of the reactant degradation made the molecular weight distribution of the reaction system wider and weakened the diffusion effects on the coupling reaction.


To comply with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's "Cluster Rule," most U.S. mills have switched from the use of chlorine to chlorine diox ide as the oxidant in the first stage of bleaching. This process change has a downside. it increases the for mation of mineral scale in bleach plants. Typically, cal cium oxalate forms in the chlorine dioxide stages and calDue to recycle concentration, an average mill can have as much as 3000 mg/kg of calcium in hardwood brownstock pulp This is diluted to a concentration of about 300 mg/L at 10% consistency or about 100 mg/L at 3% consistency A softwood line will usually have about half this amount


There are differences of opinion about sheep down's existence,name and category.By discussing the distinction between sheep-down and cashmere,and the characteristics of sheep-down,this article gives advice on how to name and classify this kind of fibre.


Science in Agriculture, the 30-year-old quarterly magazine of the College of Agriculture at Penn State, was analyzed for reader interest and author satisfaction during the academic year 1980-1981. Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License. This research brief is available in Journal of Applied Communications: http://newprairiepress.org/jac/vol67/iss2/6


The paper describes the use of publicly available 3D models of buildings for possible mobile positioning accuracy enhancements. The lack of the line of sight (LOS) between base stations (gNB) and user equipment (UE) is one of main reasons for poor performance of positioning algorithms. If the lack of LOS is automatically detected then given measurement can be simply discarded. Alternative option is mitigation of the lack of LOS to the final positioning estimate. Method uses virtual 3D city models in CityGML (Geography Mark-up Language) format to automatically detect if the straight line from gNB to UE intersects any surface of the surrounding buildings or not. Method was tested with the measurement results collected with the portable 5G test scanner. Classification results were verified visually.


One of the aims of physics education subject is to help grow and students body shape. The function of body shape is directed to optimize the physiologic potential of students so that their growing and developing can go optimally suitable with their basic potential. This includes the establishment of the good habitual life and effort to minimalize habitual which are wrong in body attitude and moving. In the elementary education curriculum, this duty is acted in learning PKJ, especially in body attitude material and basic move to have a strategic chance in body shape. The good body posture which is established by good backbone structure will decrease the possibility many diseases as result of disorder backbone structure, included growing and physical ability sufficiently to hold the learning which has to realize this aim. Learning of attitude and basic movement are still directed in movement and attitude. While the long-term goal body structure shaping hasn't got enough attention. The causes are the lack of physical education teachers understanding in learning aim of body attitude and basic movement include the effect of body attitude mistake and move to the children health, hasn't been an easy, cheap and accurate the detection way, hasn't had the ability to analyze the causes of this happens and the effect of this rise, also the effort following up in practicing of improving the ability even the rehabilitation practice to them who have attitude and moving mistake. Therefore it is needed socialize about body attitude and basic move learning intensively, so the aim of attitude and basic move learning substantially can be reached. Thus, physics education teachers participation is more strategic in realization nation generation who is healthy and strong in future. Keywords—physical education learning, basic attitude, and a basic move.


Despite lacking cooperatively folded structures under native conditions, numerous intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) nevertheless have great functional importance. These IDPs are hybrids containing both ordered and intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs), the structure of which is highly flexible in this unfolded state. The conformational flexibility of these disordered systems favors transitions between disordered and ordered states triggered by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, folding into different dynamic molecular assemblies to enable proper protein functions. Indeed, prokaryotic enzymes present less disorder than eukaryotic enzymes, thus showing that this disorder is related to functional and structural complexity. Protein‐based polymers that mimic these IDPs include the so‐called elastin‐like polypeptides (ELPs), which are inspired by the composition of natural elastin. Elastin‐like recombinamers (ELRs) are ELPs produced using recombinant techniques and which can therefore be tailored for a specific application. One of the most widely used and studied characteristic structures in this field is the pentapeptide (VPGXG)n. The structural disorder in ELRs probably arises due to the high content of proline and glycine in the ELR backbone, because both these amino acids help to keep the polypeptide structure of elastomers disordered and hydrated. Moreover, the recombinant nature of these systems means that different sequences can be designed, including bioactive domains, to obtain specific structures for each application. Some of these structures, along with their applications as IDPs that self‐assemble into functional vesicles or micelles from diblock copolymer ELRs, will be studied in the following sections. The incorporation of additional order‐ and disorder‐promoting peptide/protein domains, such as α‐helical coils or β‐strands, in the ELR sequence, and their influence on self‐assembly, will also be reviewed. In addition, chemically cross‐linked systems with controllable order–disorder balance, and their role in biomineralization, will be discussed. Finally, we will review different multivalent IDPs‐based coatings and films for different biomedical applications, such as spatially controlled cell adhesion, osseointegration, or biomaterial‐associated infection (BAI).


The statistical model developed in this work was made to predict a water injection process, taking into account historical injection and production data, as well as static and dynamic characteristics of fields that have already went through this process. The forecasts were made based on historical settings obtained in OFM and organized in databases in Microsoft Excel. This information allows displaying the results of the process previously explained in an organanized way, for each one of the blocks belonging to the Middle Magdalena Valley, Llanos Orientales and Catatumbo basins. Based on the results obtained and by applying statistical methods, it was possible to predict the behavior of the declination in the analyzed fields and the similar ones that are prospective for applying the water injection process.


【Objective】 To compare the effect of different anesthesia on hemodynamics and the level of cortisol in patients undergoing radical mastectomy.【Methods】 Sixty patients undergoing radical mastectomy were randomly divided into three groups general anesthesia(group T,n =20),epidural anesthesia combined with general anesthesia(group T n =20) and epidural anesthesia combined with LMA anesthesia(group T n =20).An epidural cather was inserted at the T3~4 interspace before induction of general anesthesia.Epidural anesthesia was maintained by 0.33% ropivcacine 5 mL every hour: Midazolam 0.06 mg/kg Fentanil 4 μg/kg,and Vecuronium 0.10 mg/kg Propofol 1.5 mg/kg were used for the induction of general anesthesia in group(T and EL).MAP,SpO2,HR,were observed at the time before anesthesia(T1),before intubation(T2),1 min after intubation(T3),the end of operation(T4),1 min after extubation(T5).Arterial blood samples were collected at T1,T2,T3,T4 and T5 for determination of cortisol.We also record the amount of Propofol,Vecuronium and Fentanil and observed some adverse events of anesthesia,such as pharyngolysis,move restless,nausea and vomitting.【Results】 The change of the level of cortisol,the time of recovery and the amount of Propofol,Fentanil and Vecuronium of group ET and EL are significant lower than that in group T(P 0.05).The adverse events of anesthesia,pharyngolysis and move restless,of group EL are significant lower than that in group T and group ET(P 0.05).There were no significant difference between the three groups in vomitting(P 0.05).【Conclusions】 The anesthesia method of epidural anesthesia combined with LMA can allay the stress responses and reduce the amount of narcotics and the rate of pharyngolysis and move restless.So it is a good anesthesia method of radical mastectomy.


The paper describes the positioning principles, design, and results of the testing for the prototype train-borne positioning system developed within the framework of the LOCOLOC/LOCOPROL projects. The primary objective of both projects was to develop and demonstrate a complete very low-cost failsafe train positioning system based on GNSS. Existing three-dimensional satellite navigation systems cannot be used as a sole means of navigation because they do not satisfy the integrity level required for safety-critical railway applications. Our new railway-specific positioning algorithms can reach the required level of integrity because the required accuracy for Low-Density Traffic Lines (LDTLs) is quite low (a few hundred meters). These algorithms are based on the previous knowledge of the track, which makes the positioning problem one-dimensional: only along-track position is to be computed. This significantly increases availability and redundancy of GNSS satellites (e.g., even 4 satellites are enough to compute position in a safe manner) and hence the integrity of the solution increases to the level required for safety-critical operation (probability of a failure 10E-12/hour).