This study aims to determine the role of community social action in the ritual of building tribal houses and the goals and benefits contained in the ritual of building tribal houses. Role is the position or status of a person in social life who carries out rights and obligations. In the ritual of building a tribal house, each has its own role, especially in the process of carrying out the ritual of building a tribal house. Social action is an individual action that is directed to others and has meaning both for oneself and for others.
The method used in this research is descriptive analysis method. This method is used to be able to understand and provide a clear picture of the problems related to the content of this research. This study uses a qualitative approach because the researcher considers the problems studied are quite complex and dynamic so that the data obtained from the resource persons are collected using a natural method, namely direct interviews with the resource persons so that they get natural answers.
The results of this study indicate that the process of carrying out the ritual of building a tribal house follows four rules that must be carried out, namely: haleka hanematan, Tuda Fos, Hamutuk Ibun hamutuk Lian, and Sona Fahi. And also in the ritual process of implementing the construction of tribal houses, it is divided into four stages, namely the preparation stage, the implementation stage, the inauguration stage and the closing stage. The results of the study also show that the one who plays an important role in the ritual of building a tribal house is the malun because the malun is a person who comes from the descendants of the male ancestor of the founder of the tribal house that is being built.


Despite their increasing popularity as tools of statecraft, the effectiveness of economic sanctions remains contested in both the political and academic community. Few attempts have been made to track this spotty track record back to the incentives of targeted leaders through direct statistical analyses of leader survival. With an updated measure of leader failure, which more carefully discriminates between leaders" reasons for leaving power, the analyses here contradict previous findings. Economic sanctions do not consistently endanger the political prospects of their targets. To the contrary, leaders targeted with economic sanctions or the threat thereof face systematically lower risks of losing office through a mechanism indicative of failure than do those who have not been "punished" by another state or the international community.  Prepared for presentation at the 2011 Midwest Political Science Association March 31 st -April 3 rd at the Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, IL. 1 On the first of July, 2010, President Obama signed the Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability and Divestment Act, renewing and extending U.S. measures to slow down the growth of Iran"s nuclear program. At the signing ceremony, President Obama summarized the policy goals of this newest round of trade restrictions: We"re showing the Iranian government that its actions have consequences. And if it persists, the pressure will continue to mount, and its isolation will continue to deepen. ... Finally, even as we increase pressure on the Iranian government, we"re sending an unmistakable message that the United States stands with the Iranian people as they seek to exercise their universal rights (Obama 2010). Sanctions, in other words, will create two sets of costs for the Iranian leadership: first, diminished capacity to achieve their own goals, and second, the provocation of political dissatisfaction in the population. This standpoint could be considered the conventional wisdom of optimists regarding the effectiveness of economic sanctions. By singling out the regime leadership and inflicting costs, often via domestic publics" willingness and ability to inflict punishment, foreign policy strategies like economic sanctions can bring about changes in policy and/or leadership (e.g. McGillivray and Smith 2000; McGillivray and Stam 2004; Marinov 2005; Allen 2008a). Yet the perhaps more conventional wisdom is that these "optimists" are exactly that: overly optimistic. 1 The impact of economic sanctions on leaders" ability to stay in power constitutes the foundation of arguments on both sides of the sanction effectiveness debate (e.g. McGillivray and Smith 2000; Galtung 1967). Recent arguments contend that the accountability of democratic leaders to broad swathes of the population will make sanctions more politically painful than they would be for nondemocratic leaders (e.g. McGillivray and Smith 2000; McGillivray and Stam 2004; Allen 2008a, 2008b). Some even expect that authoritarian leaders may benefit from the distortions created in their embattled economies (Kaempfer, Lowenberg and Mertens 2004; Wood 2008). Understanding the conditions under which substantive results may be achieved through this policy tool requires a better understanding of the incentives of targeted leaders. I address this need 1 Two of Robert Pape"s most widely read contributions on the subject are titled "Why Sanctions Do Not Work" and "Why Sanctions Still Do Not Work" (Pape 1997, 1998). 2 through several theoretical and empirical advancements over recent analyses. First, my theory expands the concept of institutional differences to encompass the opposing dynamics of leader risk inside democratic and nondemocratic regimes. Rather than treating democracy/authoritarianism as creating constant incentives over the course of leaders" careers, I expect the patterns in risk of losing office over time to vary across regime type and likewise to produce different dynamics in the conditional impact of institutions on sanction effects. Second, we require a sensitive measure of what we may reasonably assume most of these leaders are fighting to avoid: failure. The most widely known direct analysis of leader stability and economic sanctions utilizes a basic dichotomous variable: each leader either does/does not lose office in the given year (see Marinov 2004). 2 A multitude of circumstances give rise to this series of zeros and ones, and only a fraction of these correspond to leader destabilization. "False positives" (i.e. concluding that sanctions destabilize leaders when they do not) thus become very likely, particularly in the case of sanctioned democratic leaders, whose time in office is inherently limited. To guard against overestimating the impact of sanctions, I have coded a measure of leader failure which differentiates between leaders peacefully replaced by challengers versus heirs/protégés. 3 Finally, the analysis and theory herein acknowledge the inherently strategic nature of sanction targeting. The formal literature has long argued that analyses of economic sanctions face a major selection problem, as those sanctions most likely to be effective are probably never imposed. 4 Moreover, if a primary mechanism of sanction success is the ignition of public dissent, then two propositions may follow. First, threats themselves could be destabilizing as the population interprets these negative signals 2 In fact, I am aware of only two direct tests of the impact of sanctions on leader survival: that of Marinov (2004) and a piece recently published by Escriba-Folch and Wright (2010) which looks exclusively at nondemocratic leaders. This second piece does test for differences across "regular" vs. "irregular" exits, finding consistently significant effects only for regular exits. Rather than alleviating the issue I am raising, this finding highlights it: if sanctions are only affecting loss of office through regular means then the existence of "false positives" is particularly problematic. 3 This data builds on the Archigos v2.9 dataset, adding detail to the exits of leaders which were ruled to be "regular" (i.e. legal) by the investigators (see Goemans, Gleditsch and Chiozza 2009). The coding will be described in more detail below. 4 A few examples of work utilizing this premise: Hovi, Huesby and Sprinz (2005); Lacy and Niou (2004); Drezner (1999, 2003); Morgan and Meiers (1999); Morgan and Schwebach (1997); Smith (1996) 3 from the international community as a policy failure. Second, potential sending states may take existing levels of dissent into account when choosing which policy to utilize in their influence attempt. A leader who is already unpopular may be viewed as more easily destabilized through threats and imposed sanctions than one who enjoys high levels of approval. A related point may be illustrated by the relative speed and unanimity with which the UNSC acted to impose freezes on Muammar Qaddafi"s assests at the end of February. When human rights violations correspond with mass protests, democratic states will likely see economic sanctions as an obvious policy choice. I address these theoretical issues and the potential threats they pose to successful empirical analyses by jointly modeling the processes of sanction targeting and leader failure. I also utilize the newly collected Threat and Imposition of Economic Sanctions (TIES) data, which, as the name suggests, identify threats as well as enacted sanctions (Morgan, Krustev and Bapat 2009). This data allowed me to construct a dataset of 4,409 leader years from 1971-2004, including 885 individual leaders 39% of which were either threatened or sanctioned in the given year. The more cautious coding of leader turnover, tenure dynamics, and selection effects undertaken herein reverse earlier findings. Economic sanctions do not destabilize leaders. They are systematically aimed at leaders experiencing elevated domestic instability, but their independent impact is insullatory. Threats and imposed sanctions significantly decrease the likelihood of being replaced by a challenger for both democratic and authoritarian leaders across the range of their tenure in office. The effect is substantively notable, with democrats" risks reduced by 82% and authoritarians" by 95%. While the mechanism behind this benefit for sanctioned leaders may/may not be the rallying effect proposed by Pape (1997, 1998) these findings should put a damper on our faith in the likelihood of populations adopting external assessments of their governments" legitimacy. Establishing the insulation provided by economic sanctions, interestingly, does not mean that they can never function as an effective policy tool. Leaders do sometimes give in to sanctions, and they are more likely (it appears) to do so at the threat stage (e.g. Drezner 2000). Their reasons for doing so, however, may be quite different than we generally believe. If leaders do not fear destabilization as a result of sanctions, and in fact, have reason to 4 believe they will become safer if targeted, what makes them concede? Future theories of sanction effectiveness must focus in on more complex dynamics: choosing to give policy concessions cannot be the product of a simple, single-dimension, cost-benefit analysis. Below, my argument proceeds in five parts. I will first provide a brief review of pertinent literature. Then, I will present my theoretical framework and hypotheses. This will be followed by a discussion of the dataset and modeling choices. The results of the statistical analysis will be displayed and analyzed in the fourth section. Finally, I will provide concluding remarks about the implications of these results for the analysis of economic sanctions, leader survival and foreign policy effectiveness. Sanctions and Leader Survival in the Literature Economic sanctions, most commonly defined as the threatened or actual restriction of normal economic relations by one or more states in the


PURPOSE: A ball joint of insert molding type is provided to increase the pull-out intensity of a ball stud while keeping the rotational friction torque of the ball stud below the specified level. CONSTITUTION: A ball joint of insert molding type comprises a ball stud(10), a ball seat(300), and a housing(110). The ball stud is made out of a metal material including a sphere head(11). The ball seat in which the sphere head of the ball stud is inserted and coupled is embedded to rotate in the ball stud and made out of a synthetic resin material. The housing is injection-molded surround the sphere head of the ball stud. The top of the ball seat is located higher than a virtual first horizontal plane passing by the center of the sphere head of the ball stud. The housing includes a sphere head supporting part(111) extended from the top of the ball seat.


To improve the path planning efficiency of a robotic arm in three-dimensional space and improve the obstacle avoidance ability, this paper proposes an improved artificial potential field and rapid expansion random tree (APF-RRT) hybrid algorithm for the mechanical arm path planning method. The improved APF algorithm (I-APF) introduces a heuristic method based on the number of adjacent obstacles to escape from local minima, which solves the local minimum problem of the APF method and improves the search speed. The improved RRT algorithm (I-RRT) changes the selection method of the nearest neighbor node by introducing a triangular nearest neighbor node selection method, adopts an adaptive step and generates a virtual new node strategy to explore the path, and removes redundant path nodes generated by the RRT algorithm, which effectively improves the obstacle avoidance ability and efficiency of the algorithm. Bezier curves are used to fit the final generated path. Finally, an experimental analysis based on Python shows that the search time of the hybrid algorithm in a multi-obstacle environment is reduced to 2.8 s from 37.8 s (classic RRT algorithm), 10.1 s (RRT* algorithm), and 7.4 s (P_RRT* algorithm), and the success rate and efficiency of the search are both significantly improved. Furthermore, the hybrid algorithm is simulated in a robot operating system (ROS) using the UR5 mechanical arm, and the results prove the effectiveness and reliability of the hybrid algorithm.


One of the most likely reasons for women to stop breastfeeding in the early stages is because of discomfort and pain in the nipples and breasts. The primary cause of this pain is that the baby is not latching on properly and so it is a critical time for midwives to offer advice on the correct positions and techniques for feeding. Most pain is alleviated quickly once the baby is latching on properly. There are some products available to help ease the symptoms and pain associated with breastfeeding and engorgement such as gel packs, nipple cream and shields. Others, such as breast pads and shells, can help with milk leakage. While the success of these products varies from mother to mother the most crucial factor for ensuring feeding is comfortable is breastfeeding technique.


We have measured positronium formation cross sections, Q{sub Ps}, for 1 to 100 eV positrons scattered by K atoms. Our experimental approach involves setting lower and upper limits on Q{sub Ps} using (1) the detection of the coincidences of 511 keV annihilation gamma rays produced by the decay of para-Ps and (2) measurement of the transmission of the positron beam through the K vapor in our scattering cell with the angular discrimination of our apparatus deliberately made as poor as possible. Our present Q{sub Ps} results between 1 and 10 eV are substantially higher than those predicted by Guha and Mandal using destorted wave approximation calculation, and suggest, along with our recent total scattering cross section measurements, that cross-channel coupling effects between the Ps formation channel and other scattering channels may be playing an important role in positron-K scattering as has been shown to be the case for positron-Li scattering.


An automatic ultrasonic imaging and visualization method for welding-seam sidewall incomplete fusion is disclosed. A quadrilateral gate method based on an ultrasonic phased array B scan image is used for reconstructing a defect image of a workpiece in a random cross section, and a computer three-dimensional visualization technology is utilized, so that a defect detection result in the random cross section is correspondingly displayed in a three-dimensional welding-seam entity figure. By introducing the quadrilateral gate determination method, supersonic wave can be used to detect ultrasonic detection images of random cross sections or inclined planes, and ultrasonic C scan detection results of random inclined planes of a workpiece can be obtained; and by applying the computer three-dimensional visualization technology, the detection result can be relatively visually displayed in the three-dimensional geometric figure of the workpiece, and detection personnel are facilitated to perform positioning and quantification on defects.


After decades of flat funding, agricultural research seems to have caught the attention of U.S. policymakers, as Congress gave a 30% boost to the main competitive grants program of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), raising it to $263 million for 2010. And two new research chiefs at the department, Rajiv Shah and Roger Beachy, hope to parlay an administrative reorganization into greater visibility for the field.


Essence of communications in marketing in the view of modern principles of management of communication community is examined. Structure of business marketing communications system is worked up and elements included in its make-up are defined. Integrated method of management of marketing communications and basic tendencies, which define development of marketing communications in modern conditions, are analyzed


As more of the healthcare industry moves to value-based contracts, it is imperative that managed care organizations can successfully measure outcomes.


Based on the principles of fluid dynamics CFD method,finite volume method with the software has been a leak of natural gas treatment plant after the desulfurization tower in the complex three-dimensional topography simulation of dispersion modeling,the results can truthfully reflect the complexity of the gas diffusion process is affected by three-dimensional terrain and the impact of wind conditions for quantitative risk assessment and safety management business to provide technical support.


Sputter deposition of indium (In) in ionic liquids (ILs) could produce stable In metal nanoparticles whose surface was covered by an amorphous In2O3 layer to form In/In2O3 core/shell particles. The size of the In core was tunable from ca. 8 to 20 nm by selecting the kind of IL, whereas the shell thickness of In2O3 was almost constant at ca. 1.9 nm. Heat treatment of the thus-obtained particles at 523 K in air oxidized In metal of the core, resulting in the formation of spherical hollow particles made of crystalline In2O3. The size of the hollow particles was slightly larger than that of the In/In2O3 core/shell particles used as a starting material, whereas the void space formed inside hollow particles was smaller than the corresponding In metal cores. These facts indicated that in addition to the predominant outward diffusion of In ions, an inward transport of oxygen ions occurred, and thus an In2O3 crystal could be grown on both the inner concave and outer convex surfaces of the oxide shell layer.


I was called on January 24, 1887, to see O. B., aet. 11, the youngest of six children. The mother said he had been complaining for several days of a "stuffy" feeling and headache, and not being in his usual spirits, she thought he needed medicine. Having found upon examination no distinctive symptoms, I prescribed on general principles a brisk cathartic, and gave instructions to inform me in a day or two should he not be better. I was called again on the 26th, and found that the medicine had acted once, but he continued dull and stupid, not caring to leave his bed. His skin was now hot and dry, tongue furred, pulse accelerated, temperature 100°, and there was tenderness over the ileo-cascal valve, but no pain, the mischief seeming to point to impacted faeces. Repeated doses of calomel, colocynth, and aloes were ordered, followed by copious injections of


This paper describes the design of a broadside circularly polarized uniform circular array based on curved planar inverted F-antenna elements. Circular polarization (CP) is obtained by exploiting the sequential rotation technique and implementing it with a series feed network. The proposed structure is first introduced, and some geometrical considerations are derived. Second, the array radiation body is designed taking into account the mutual coupling among antenna elements. Third, the series feed network usually employed for four-antenna element arrays is analyzed and extended to three and more than four antennas exploiting the special case of equal power distribution. The array is designed with three-, four-, five-, and six-antenna elements, and dimensions, impedance bandwidth (defined for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{11}\leq -10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB), axial ratio (AR) bandwidth (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {AR}\leq 3$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB), gain, beamwidth, front-to-back ratio, and cross-polarization level are compared. Arrays with three and five elements are also prototyped to benchmark the numerical analysis results, finding good correspondence.


This paper adopts minutely high-frequency data of the commodities futures in China to probe into their intraday change patterns of yields,volumes and durations.It also brings forward the 'L' pattern of absolute yield and volume,the 'Γ' pattern of price duration and volume duration,and the 'M' pattern of open interest duration.We exert financial market microstructure theory,traders' psychology and trading mechanism to explain the different intraday phenomena between the futures market and stock market.


While stress echocardiography (EchoCG) is widely used in clinical practice for diagnosing silent myocardial ischemia, the search for new stress tests remains an important task in the diagnostics of coronary heart disease (CHD).  Aim. To assess the potential of squatting stress EchoCG in the diagnostics of CHD.  Material and methods. In total, 53 men (mean age 53,2±0,93 years) underwent stress EchoCG. At coronary angiography, the CHD diagnosis was verified in 37 men (mean age 54,1±1,2 years), while in the other 16 men (mean age 51,0±1,4 years), myocardial ischemia was not confirmed. All participants underwent standard stress EchoCG with dobutamine, as well as supine and squatting EchoCG. The myocardial ischemia criterion was the development of additional asynergy zones in left ventricular myocardium.  Results. The test was performed in all patients, without any complications. Disturbed local contractility was observed at the time of squatting and rapidly disappeared while standing up. The sensitivity and specificity of squatting stress EchoCG in the CHD diagnostics were 94,6% and 81.3%, respectively.  Conclusion. Therefore, we have demonstrated a high diagnostic value of squatting stress EchoCG for diagnosing myocardial ischemia. This value was comparable to that of stress EchoCG with dobutamine.


The displacement backward analysis based on monitoring and measuring technologies for tunnel surrounding rock can fully consider the influences of various kinds of factors in the process of construction.So,it can obtain more practical mechanical parameters for rock and soil to guide dynamic tunnel design and info-construction.Thus this kind of analysis has great significance for design and construction tunnel and underground projects under complicated conditions.


In the title compound, C29H21ClN2O, there is a twist in the bridging prop-2-en-1-one group [C=C—C=O torsion angle = 22.7 (2)°]. The quinolinyl residues form a dihedral angle of 86.92 (4)°, indicating an almost perpendicular relationship. In the crystal, supramolecular layers in the bc plane are stabilized by C—H⋯π and π–π interactions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.4947 (7) Å].


A method of medical image elastic registration based on contours is presented in this paper.In this method,the contour of the object is first abstracted,and then the centroid of the object is calculated.Around the centroid,the points on the contour are calculated at the same interval of angle,and these points work as the feature points.Their corresponding relation can be determined by calculating similarity.The ψ-function proposed by H.Wendland is adopted as radial based functions in the elastic transform.The transformation coefficient can be computed with the two sets of feature points.Finally,the deformed image can be registered.The experiment shows that this method is fast and effective to deformed medical image registration.


Concrete Slabs are warped by the temperature differences within slabs, and there are possibility that the contact between slabs and base course is lost. The deflection mesurements by the FWD test operated under such conditions are influenced by the contact condition. Consequently, the backcaluculation moduli of the same concrete pavement differs according to the time of test. In this paper, from the results of the FWD test on the controlled test pavement operated continuously in the period of 24 hours, the relationship among the slab temperature difference, the deflection measurement, the effect of load transfer, backcalculated k-value were investigationed. As the results, the backcalculated k-value were able to correct accorging to the slab temperature gradient.


Objective To prompt transformed community health services of the higher education to fully display their ability.Methods Questionnaire investigation and interview were adopted.Results With the financial protection as well as their advantages in human,physical and financial resources,these facilities can finely offer some services and operate smoothly.But some historical problems left prevent them from fulfilling their roles as community health services.Conclusion Transformed community health services of the higher education conform to the current trend,but joint efforts are needed to establish a favorable external environment coupled with their advantages to stimulate them to play their stated roles.


The oxy-fuel process is a promising technology for capture of CO2 from coal fired power plants. This work investigates and compares two concepts for secondary SOx and NOx removal in their application in flue gas treatment for oxy-fuel combustion: Absorption based removal utilizing the Lead-chamberprocess (LCP) and removal by distillation. Since these concepts are not suitable for flue gas treatment in air combustion, there is little information available in the literature. The LCP concept is modelled as a plug flow reactor implementing known reaction rates and the distillation concept is evaluated with an equilibrium based model applying the Peng-Robinson equation of state. Theoretically, both concepts achieve high removal efficiencies of SOx and NOx from the flue gas in the oxy-fuel process, but a high removal efficiency of SOx by distillation is associated with large energy requirements. The NOx removal in the LCP concept is limited by its absorption mechanism with a possible reduction of about 80-85%. In the distillation concept 3-8 % of all NOx is lost in form of NO as non-condensable gas. In comparison to the LCP concept, the distillation concept has a higher power demand and a lower SOx removal efficiency. Yet, beside a higher NOx removal rate, distillation has the advantage of being a mature technology.


ABSTRACT Extent and distribution of urban green spaces (UGS) in Mazatlan (Mexico) are analysed using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Vegetated areas (2,270 ha), a third of the urban area in 2015, were reclassified into green spaces (GS), urban tree (UT) and open spaces (OS), based in the normalised difference vegetation index, relating them with demographic and socioeconomic data. UGS allocation per capita amount 55 m2, mainly represented by the UT class, with the largest patches associated with low developed and very high marginalised areas, and also with very low marginalised sectors, while the lowest allocation correspond to medium and low marginalisation, highly populated sector, without significant correlations. Despite the USG allocation, it is required a better urban planning to maintain public UGS and to protect the local flora, threatened by the introduction of exotic, ornamental species (64% of UT), to guarantee the provision of ecosystem services to the population.


Background: Despite the technologic advances, radiation dermatitis is still a prevalent and distressing symptom in patients with cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Systematic reviews (SRs) are regarded as level I evidence providing direction for clinical practice and guidelines. This overview aims to provide a critical appraisal of SRs published on interventions for the prevention/management of radiation dermatitis. Methodology: We searched the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (up to Feb 2012). We also hand-searched reference lists of potentially eligible articles and a number of key journals in the area. Two authors screened all potential articles and included eligible SRs. Two authors critically appraised and extracted key findings from the included reviews using the "A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews" (AMSTAR). Results: Of 1837 potential titles, six SRs were included. A number of interventions have been reported to be potentially beneficial for managing radiation dermatitis. Interventions evaluated in these reviews included skin care advice, steroidal/non-steroidal topical agents, systematic therapies, modes of radiation delivery, and dressings. However, all the included SRs reported that there is insufficient evidence supporting any single effective intervention. The methodological quality of the included studies varied, and methodological shortfalls in these reviews may create biases to the overall results or recommendations for clinical practice. Conclusions and implications: An up-to-date high quality SR in preventing/managing radiation dermatitis is needed to guide practice and direction for future research. Clinicians or guideline developers are recommended to critically evaluate the information of SRs in their decision making.


This paper is stimulated by my enduring unease that social justice and socially just outcomes remain almost impossible to achieve in the current educational climate. With particular reference to New Zealand, I would firstly like to map the educational reforms over the past two decades, the long terms effects of these changes and highlight how these changes have been experienced differently by individuals and groups. Secondly, I will draw attention to ways in which schools and schooling have responded to the insistent demands of the global marketplace and in doing so link this to the modernisation agenda that inevitably works in socially unjust ways. Thirdly, I outline how these sweeping changes have not mediated social justice but exaggerated social injustices.


Coilgun type electromagnetic launchers are driven with capacitor bank or generator. The generator should handle special design procedure since it needs particular specifications. It must produce the power in a short time interval. For this purpose, it requires low inductance and resistance value of stator windings. In addition, in order to increase the projectile speed, it needs high frequency of stator current. Moreover, it requires a compact configuration because of mobility. In consideration of these requirements, coreless axial flux permanent magnet generator is selected and designed.


way congestion, parking problems and similar manifestations of competition for recreation space. Unresolved conflicts in resource use suggest a need for renewed approaches to research aimed at securing quantitative and qualitative information on recreation behaviour patterns. In this context the needs and preferences of recreation participants and their perception of the recreation environment become important considerations. However, the complexity and variety of recreation activities and opportunities present problems for research and the accumulation of meaningful data. Frequently the methodological and operational focus for recreation research is restricted to individuals and groups amenable to survey during one or other of the nodal phases represented in the Clawson model' of the recreation experience (Figure 1). The result has been


This paper develops a model of the production of life insurance services. The focus is on price setting ability and the cost advantages from size and diversity. The model characterizes insurers decisions on the face value and number of policies and the number of insurance lines. The model is applied to Canadian life insurance firms. Price-cost margins average from 13% to 40%. These margins emanate from information spillovers generated by marketing activities. Cost advantages due to size are small, but are substantial from diversity. Returns to scale average from 1.13 to 1.40, while returns to scope average from 70% to 100%.


Rational Expectations is an approach to probability and expectations that was initiated by Muth in 1961. Muth's concept is based on an immense muddle and confusion in his mind about subjective and objective concepts of probability that confuses subjective probability with objective probability.

Like Nelson Goodman's Grue concept, where the color green turns into the color blue at some point in the future, at some point rational expectationists claim that subjective probabilities become true, correct, right and objective. This is what they mean by the term rational. Rational is objective and/or true probability. This is impossible and demonstrates a great lack of knowledge about basic theories of probability. There is no existing theory of probability that supports the claims made by rational expectationists. There is no right(wrong), correct, true, or objective probability, probability distribution, or expectation if you assume that you are applying the subjective theory of probability. Likewise, all objective theories of probability deny the existence of subjective probability.

This approach has infected the entire economics profession since the early 1970's and created an even more immense muddle than was originally created by Muth in 1961.


Recruiting and selecting faculty members is a challenging, expensive, and time‐consuming task for 2‐year institutions. Organizational processes help a search committee distribute work among members...


Academics need to listen to adolescents and communities to turn ideas into action, say John S Santelli, Gwendolyn Rosen, and Fred M Ssewamala


With the increasing of international agricultural trade,more and more attention has been paid on the resources flow hidden in the trade and its environmental effect.The aim of this paper is to quantify the environmental effect of China's soybean trade using the ecological footprint analysis.This paper measuring and locating China's soybean supply footprints in terms of cropland and energy land from 1986-2009,it identify the cropland location by source country.The energy footprint calculation is based on the input of fertilizer and mechanism during the production stage,and the transportation also been considered.The results show that cropland footprint of China's soybean supply has increased gradually,and the import footprint takes the major weight;the difference in fertilizer and mechanism input makes the energy footprint varies between countries.Through comparison of the footprint with source countries,China has higher cropland footprint and energy footprint per ton,the soybean trade between China and other countries can increase land productivity at global level and make China's agricultural more sustainable.


Introduction • Vector field visualization: indirectly by tracing particles • Issues: – Seed point positioning – Dense vs. sparse representation – Steady vs. unsteady flow fields – Visualization speed


✓ A reliable technique is described for producing chronic communicating hydrocephalus in experimental animals. This involves the injection of Silastic into the basilar cisterns by way of a cisterna magna puncture. This model proves to be very useful in studying the physiology of chronic communicating hydrocephalus and allows the evaluation of the condition by isotope cisternography.


The wing-body trucks are special vehicles that are designed to provide large carrying space and to protect the freights from outside impacts and bad weather. They are constructed to the structure opening and shutting three-layered aluminum top. In the middleand large-size(above one-ton) wing-body trucks, wing-body is opened/closed by opening and shutting device of oil pressure type. But one-ton truck is constructed that its wing-body is opened/closed in manual to use helping of stay-dampers. So, we developed an electronic opening and shutting device for one-ton wing-body trucks to improve the inconvenience of usage for manually operated wing-body. The developed device is consisted of two connected links and a dc motor combined with an worm gear. The worm gear changes the rotation axis of the dc motor to a right-angled direction and transfers the torque of dc motor to the links. The two connected links open/shut the wing-body using the torque transferred from the dc motor. When the wing-body starts to be opened, the biggest torque is required from the dc motor for opening the wing-body. And as the wing-body is opened more and more, the required torque is smaller for opening the wing-body. Thus, the structure of two connected links are designed to locate at the center of worm gear so that maximum torque of the dc motor is transferred the links at the initial time starting to open wing-body. The controller of the device with open and closed buttons also is designed to protect the device from over-opening and over shutting operations. The developed device is accomplished for many experiments using actual vehicle. Those experiments show that the device has more excellent performance than the oil pressure type.


The invention discloses a method and a device for positioning touch screens. The method comprises the following steps of acquiring an object region figure corresponding to the present touch point, setting a prompt region according to a preset rule, magnifying the acquired object region figure and displaying the object region figure in the prompt region. As the magnified object region figure improves the operation precision of unit area, misoperation easily caused by sight obstruction when touch screens are operated by use of fingers or other objects in the prior art is avoided.


The Ordovician Wulalike marine siliceous shale is a notable hydrocarbon source rock in the Northwestern Ordos Basin. However, the causes of quartz and organic matter enrichment are still a mystery to experts. In this study, the organic geochemistry (maceral compositions, Rbitu, and TOC) and elemental geochemistry (major and trace elements) with mineralogy (XRD) and petrography were jointly acquired to systematically investigate the quartz origins and the paleoenvironment, and the main controlling factors for organic matter enrichment in the Wulalike shale. The results show that the organic matter is type I kerogen with low TOC concentrations (average 0.51%), and that the thermal evolution has reached mature and high mature stages (mean Requ is 1.08%). Three types of quartz are developed in Wulalike shale: biogenic quartz (average 63%) is the most dominant, followed by clastic quartz (average 31%) and microcrystalline quartz (average 6%). Babio and Ba/Al values indicate the low paleoproductivity, which is the primary cause for the low TOC found throughout the area. Redox indexes show the anoxic or dysoxic to oxic conditions from the bottom to the top of the section. Paleoclimate and paleowater depth proxies also changed from the bottom to the top. Various paleoenvironments and sedimentological evidence show that Wulalike shale went through the changing environments, and the early sedimentary environments were conducive to organic matter enrichment, leading to a relatively high TOC. The paleoproductivity and preservation conditions have an impact on organic matter enrichment. Based on the results of biogenic quartz distribution and sedimentary environments, it is considered that the bottom of the Wulalike Formation is the most favorable for shale gas exploration and development.


(Author's Summary.-This article presents the results of a fairly complete study of the Spanish words derived from the Arabic, made by a teacher and two of her students.) TO THE question of a Social Science teacher concerning the amount of Arabic in the present Spanish language this paper is due. Excellent correlation and a fine project, I felt, for some of my Spanish students. Two of them worked some ten hours each on the Diccionario de la lengua castellana por la Real Academia-fourteenth edition-listing the Arabic derivatives and drawing some conclusions. I prepared the report and submit our findings. Of an estimated seventy thousand words, about one thousand are of Arabic or of probable Arabic origin. This figure is only approximate, since some of these words are obsolete. This is in turn offset by the fact that the derivation is not indicated for all of a group of related words. Only one may have been listed. Though we do not necessarily find one Arabic word in every seventy of our current Spanish vocabulary, yet it is fascinating to see how many phases of everyday life still do carry the Arab stamp, and how much of Moorish life in Spain can be studied in the Spanish language. Let us look at our homes. If a castle, alcdzar, or a shack, choza, it is Arabic. One well-known building material, adobe, is an Arabic word. Mazari is a kind of brick. There are a number of architectural terms-a girder, jacena; lintel, tabica; a crosspiece used in scaffolding, almojaya. To plaster is jaharrar. Adufa is a half-door. Ataire is the moulding in the panels and frames of doors. The excavation for a foundation is alizace. A projection in a building is arimez, and an arched window, ajimez. A square bolt for a door is alamud-but let us raise the knocker, aldaba, and enter. We pass into the vestibule, zaguin, then go up to the flat roof, azotea, for a view. We may inspect the attic, zaquizami. In the living room we admire the carpet, alfombra or zofra or alcatifa, and rest on the couch, divdn. We play chess, ajedrez, in the library. One of the pieces is the bishop, alfil. We comment on the bric-a-brac of ivory, marfil. When we dine, what a feast of Arabic words we may choose fromartichoke, alcachofa; carrots, zanahorias; egg-plant, berenjena; parsnip,


The maximum vapor fraction in the air decreases with the temperature falling. For the air which has the high humidity, the redundant vapor will condense into fog or freeze into ice if the moist air attained a new saturation in a lower temperature. The buses running in the north cold areas usually face this problem in winter. According to the theory of jet impingement heat transfer, this thesis analyzed the influences of angle between the windshield and impinging jets and also the distance between vents and dashboard edge on defrosting by a simplified bus model. It also put forward some suggestions about defrosting on buses.


We develop an optimal experimental design framework for adapting the covariance inflation and localization in data assimilation problems. Covariance inflation and localization are ubiquitously employed to alleviate the effect of using ensembles of finite sizes in all practical data assimilation systems. The choice of both the inflation factor and the localization radius can have a significant impact on the performance of the assimilation scheme. These parameters are generally tuned by trial and error, rendering them expensive to optimize in practice. Spatially and temporally varying inflation parameter and localization radii have been recently proposed and have been empirically proven to enhance the performance of the employed assimilation filter. In this study, we present a variational framework for adaptive tuning of the inflation and localization parameters. Each of these parameters is optimized independently, with an objective to minimize the uncertainty in the posterior state. The proposed framework does not assume uncorrelated observations or prior errors and can in principle be applied without expert knowledge about the model and the observations. Thus, it is adequate for handling dense as well as sparse observational networks. We present the mathematical formulation, algorithmic description of the approach, and numerical experiments using the two-layer Lorenz-96 model.


There is a lack of qualitative research demonstrating the emotional processes that
entrepreneurs experience after they first start their businesses. This dissertation analyzed the
emotional processes experienced by ten entrepreneurs during their venture's start-up phase. A
constructivist grounded theory research design was used to collect and analyze data in this
investigation. Research findings showed entrepreneurs experienced simultaneous emotions that
were of an intense nature during their early stages of business. These emotions included some
combination of: excitement, anxiety/fear, disappointment, pressure/self-doubt, isolation, and
relief. In addition, entrepreneurs identified entrepreneurial distress related to the constant need
for action in their ventures and the use of technology, including cellular phones, email, and social
media. Entrepreneurs described a gradual reduction in emotional intensity as they gained
experience and learned how to cope. Coping behaviours used by entrepreneurs to counteract the
overwhelming nature of emotions were: (a) developing improved entrepreneurial social
networks, (b) gaining experience/learning from mistakes, and (c) changing their perspective on
life as a whole. Coping behaviours aided in the reduction and fluctuation of entrepreneurial
emotions.


II. Taking Stock on the Use of "Balance" in IP Law, Policy, and Enforcement ......................................... 2 a) "Balance" in IP Law ............................................................................................................................ 2 b) "Balance" in IP Enforcement ............................................................................................................... 4 c) "Balance" in IP Policy ......................................................................................................................... 5


Action research is a kind of research method.It came from society field,and then become fashionable in educational field around the world.As the methodology element of curriculum evaluation,action research is a method which purpose is "participating" and "improving",it aims at factual problem in scene.Action research is important to reform traditional method of curriculum evaluation.As action researcher,teachers bring limitless vital force to the development of curriculum.There are some mistake and critical ideas about action research. We should medicate and ingeminate that mistake and critical ideas,and we believe that action research as the methodology element of curriculum evaluation is advisable.


These days the various forms of health tourism are gaining an enhanced role in world tourism and this is also true of the economic performance of some countries. In the last decade, health tourism featuring an on-going development saw a dynamic development primarily in the area of wellness tourism at both national and international levels. The countries with the most significant wellness supplies and tourist movement are located in the first place in Europe (mostly in German-speaking and Mediterranean countries), North America and Southeast Asia (Kiss K. Török I. 2001, Rátz T. 2004). The general trends such as the enhancement of individualization, demographic transformations, changes in women's social roles, spiritualization, the appreciation of healthy lifestyles have created the social background of the demand for wellness services and products (Friedl H. 2007, Zsigmond E. 2007).As for experts in various areas of science, the wellness market, due to social transformations and the favourable economic performance of the sector, is likely to become one of the fastest developing touristic and economic sectors (Ardell D. 1985, Nefiodov L. 1996, Horx, M. 2001, Scholz, J. 2003, Pilzer, P. 2007). The fact, however, that the various countries are unable to fully exploit the potentials hidden in natural endowments is not exclusively a problem in Hungary; moreover, it leads to the uniformity of supply and endangers the sustainability of natural assets. In the coming decades well-to-do, ageing but at the same time active age groups aspiring for a higher quality of life, particularly in North America, Scandinavia and Western Europe may represent a huge potential for wellness tourism. Regarding wellness data there are no uniform measurement systems, i.e. terminological differences in various countries hinder the comparison of data on recreation and wellness. Both the sector and the customers need more information, data and resources to make wellness services competitive and trustworthy. For this reason, this study seeks to introduce the international and national trends in tourism, including recreational tourism and also to draw up a general picture of the international wellness market. © 2015 Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). © 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Asociatia Grupul Roman de Cercetari in Finante Corporatiste 756 Éva Csirmaz and Károly Pető / Procedia Economics and Finance 32 ( 2015 ) 755 – 762


The coordination and learning process in a multiagent system (MAS) can be modeled as a control and adaptation process of a hybrid dynamic system. We study an inference network organized in cellular structure for supporting multiple levels of abstraction and reasoning in learning and control of MAS. Specifically, we study how the cellular inference structure can serve as a representation of hybrid dynamic systems model and be applied to the knowledge gathering and refinement processes of the MAS. The study shows that it is a promising model for distributed reasoning in the presence of uncertainties in the domains of knowledge management, deconfliction, and integration.


Excerpt To the editor: The general tone of the discussion by Feldman and Schiller (1) on gastrointestinal motility and diabetes mellitus appears devoted to non-insulin-dependent diabetes with no me...


In large scale environments, scheduling presents a significant challenge because it is an NP-hard problem. There are basically two types of task in execution- dependent task and independent task. The execution of dependent task must follow a strict order because output of one activity is typically the input of another. In this paper, a reliable fault tolerant approach is proposed for scheduling of dependent task in large scale computing environments. The workflow of dependent task is represented with the help of a DAG (directed acyclic graph). The proposed methodology is evaluated over various parameters by applying it in a large scale computing environment- 'grid computing'. Grid computing is a high performance computing for solving complex, large and data intensive problems in various fields. The result analysis shows that the proposed DAG based reliable scheduling (DBRS) approach increases the performance of system by decreasing the makespan, number of failures and increasing performance improvement ratio (PIR).


AbstractThe time variability of the energetics and turbulent dissipation of internal tides in the upper Monterey Submarine Canyon (MSC) is examined with three moored profilers and five ADCP moorings spanning February–April 2009. Highly resolved time series of velocity, energy, and energy flux are all dominated by the semidiurnal internal tide and show pronounced spring-neap cycles. However, the onset of springtime upwelling winds significantly alters the stratification during the record, causing the thermocline depth to shoal from about 100 to 40 m. The time-variable stratification must be accounted for because it significantly affects the energy, energy flux, the vertical modal structures, and the energy distribution among the modes. The internal tide changes from a partly horizontally standing wave to a more freely propagating wave when the thermocline shoals, suggesting more reflection from up canyon early in the observational record. Turbulence, computed from Thorpe scales, is greatest in the bottom 5...


The calculus of moving surfaces (CMS) is an analytic framework that extends the tensor calculus to deforming manifolds. We have applied the CMS to a number of boundary variation problems using a Term Rewrite System (TRS). The TRS is used to convert the initial CMS expression into a form that can be evaluated. The CMS produces expressions that are true for all coordinate spaces. This makes it very powerful but applications remain limited by a rapid growth in the size of expressions. We have extended results on existing problems to orders that had been previously intractable. In this paper, we describe our TRS and our method for evaluating CMS expressions on a specific coordinate system. Our work has already provided new insight into problems of current interest to researchers in the CMS.


Disclosed is the simple structure, an object trajectory on periodic motion of the observation target, speed, to provide periodic motion observation system the occurrence location such distortion can be accurately identified. The invention relates to emit flash from the light source 1 at each predetermined cycle, After imaged by the imaging camera 3 a periodic motion of a predetermined observation point of the observed object M, a predetermined observation target M captured by the imaging camera 3 analyzing the image according to the periodic movement of the observation point by the image analysis apparatus 4. The image analysis apparatus 4, based on the image of the periodic movement of a predetermined observation point of the observed object M, and extracting coordinates of the observation point when illuminated predetermined observation point of the observed object by the light source, each coordinate outputs in tabular or graphic form. .The


School discipline addresses schoolwide, classroom, and individual student needs through broad prevention, targeted intervention, and development of self-discipline. Schools often respond to disruptive students with exclusionary and punitive approaches that have limited value. This article surveys three approaches to improving school discipline practices and student behavior: ecological approaches to classroom management; schoolwide positive behavioral supports; and social and emotional learning. The article examines their epistemological and empirical roots and supporting research, suggesting ways to combine approaches.


Internal procedures on bullying complaints are nowadays a common feature in the practice of industrial relations in many countries and international organisations. The legal grounds to implement them can be the employers' duty of care within the framework of occupational safety and health legislation or as a mechanism of internal remediation for the protection of labour human rights. Procedures are not always provided by legal rules but they can facilitate employers how to cope with these behaviours. The nature of these procedures is not disciplinary but preventive, their aim is to avoid bullying. Requirements so that procedures can work efficiently are that workers can participate on them, that persons who manage procedures should be neutral, trained and have enough power to carry out their tasks, to proceed with necessary discretion to protect the dignity and privacy of the Parties involved and to insert operative mechanisms in order to avoid inappropriate complaints, protect complainants and witnesses, prevent interruptions and delays and adopt resolutions and measures when bullying has occurred.


A plasma shutter has been made for cutting nitrogen tail of energy pulse of TEA CO2 laser. Studies to implement all set-ups has been done using preliminarily a TE CO2 laser source. The system is described and the dependence of the gas break down by energy of the discharge is discussed.


This paper examined the development experiences of global major automobiles countries and put forward serial suggestions on the development of China independent automobiles industry including improving technological innovation, developing new energy vehicles and smart automobiles industry, making full use of the opportunities by the "Belt and Road" initiative, strengthening the construction of automobile industry innovation system, and improving automobile manufacturing quality engineering system and internationalization.


Along with traditional methods for processing aroma plants, such as steam distillation or extraction with organic solvents, novel alternative approaches are developed which provide the means for a more effective isolation of biologically active compounds from plant matrices and simultaneously possess ecological attractiveness. Supercritical fluid extraction and microwave-assisted extraction can be attributed to such approaches. Their implementation into routine practice is partially hampered by somewhat vague understanding of applicability areas of these methods as well as by the lack of knowledge on the influence of process parameters on the result. In this work, we performed a comparison of the applicability of supercritical fluid and microwave-assisted extraction techniques for the isolation of biologically active compounds from leaves of Laurus nobilis L. It was shown that microwave-assisted extraction allows obtaining oil containing only volatile terpene components. Supercritical fluid extraction allows isolation of not only volatile terpenes from laurel leaves, but a broader spectrum of compounds including eugenol derivatives, phytosteroids and tocopherols. Qualitative composition of supercritical fluid extracts is virtually independent on process parameters, only quantitative differences in component proportions are registered.


This research aims at describing (1) the types of the illocutionary acts of Mr. Keating's utterances when teaching, (2) the types of the perlocutionary acts of Mr. Keating's utterances when teaching, and (3) what Mr. Keating commonly does as a good teacher when teaching which reflected from the speech acts he performed in the Dead Poets Society. This research employed both qualitative and quantitativemethod. The data were in the form of utterances spoken by the main character when teaching in the Dead Poets Society. The trustworthiness of the data was conducted through the triangulation by checking the data source, the method, and theories by the help of and two linguistics students as triangulators.The findings showed that as a good teacher in the Dead Poets Society, Mr. Keating often used question form to deliver commands to the students which are a good teachers' classroom English. He also performed mostly directives as the illocutionary acts as he often asked the students to do some works as assignments and homework, to present, to read, to come to the front, and many more. He also inspires his students many times compared to other acts. Last, he hardly ever insulted his students.


Aim Electric pulp testing is a common pulp sensitivity testing method. Pulp testers that use voltage impulses often display inconsistent results (due to dependence on the tooth resistance) in arbitrary units making them incomparable. Variable current impulse with constant voltage measurement is insensitive to the tooth resistance and it is possible to determine the threshold value of the pulp sensitivity in microamperes. The aim of this research was to determine the sensitivity threshold of healthy human pulps in microamperes using a VitaliScan vs-02 monopolar device which operates with square current impulses. Methodology Subjects were 4th year dental students (N=49, females=32 ; males=17, average age=23, 8 years). Third molars were excluded from the study. Teeth were insulated using cotton rolls, dried with compressed air for 5 seconds and measurement was performed using VitaliScan vs-02 device with conducting gel (TENS conductive gel) coated stainless steel probe on the vestibular tooth surface. Three measurements were performed on each tooth with 1 second pause between measurements. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 16.0 by means of descriptive and nonparametric statistics. Results Average thresholds in microamperes for teeth were as follows: maxilla=20, 81±0, 96 (molars=31, 33±1, 92 ; premolars=20, 68±1, 33 ; canines=20, 64±1, 12 ; incisors=10, 61±0, 52) ; mandible=17, 94±0, 89 (molars=25, 91±2, 03 ; premolars=18, 08±1, 03 ; canines=18, 7±0, 98 ; incisors=9, 05±0, 79). There were no significant differences between genders. No significant differences between measurements on the same tooth were observed. Conclusions Results indicate that pulpal threshold measurement using variable current impulses and constant voltage could be used as an indicator of pulp vitality. Further research of the electrical sensitivity threshold of pathologically changed pulps is indicated.


The mechanical properties of fine-grained polycrystalline TiC were studied using both four-point bending and compression tests. The ductile-brittle transition (D-B) temperature in compression was determined to be =800°C and was found to depend on grain size. Yield-point behavior was observed for the first time in fine-grained TiC deformed in compression and was found to depend on grain size and test temperature. The yield stress as a function of grain size can be described by a Hall-Petch type of relation, i.e. yield stress α (grain size)-1/2. The dislocations resulting from deformation in compression at lower temperatures were predominately screw in character, with edge dipoles and dislocation loops being present. As the temperature of deformation was increased, the dipoles and loops were gradually annihilated by climb and the dislocations were observed in the form of hexagonal networks with a much-reduced dislocation density. A plot of log yield stress vs 1/T showed a change in slope, which suggests that two rate-controlling mechanisms are in operation during deformation at different test temperatures. Thermal activation analysis at T = 1050° to 1500°C suggested that the rate controlling mechanism during deformation in this temperature range is associated with cross slip.


It is now universally recognised as a rule, that the dead should be examined by persons who devote special attention to that subject. In all our great metropolitan hospitals throughout the United Kingdom, a medical officer is appointed, whose duty it is to examine the bodies of those who die, and to preserve a record of the post-mortem appearances of the organs in every cavity, in connection with the history of the case. This special officer has nothing to do with the treatment of the cases during life.


In order to compare a group of patients with a polymyositis (PM) to a control group, 28 cases of primary myopathies were examined by morphometry with regard to differences between central and peripheral muscle fibers in muscle fascicles. A significant difference in favor of peripheral muscle fibers, i.e., a peripheral hypertrophy was found in 22 out 28 cases (significantly in 14 cases). Therefore, histometry is a valuable additional method for discrimination between PM and primary myopathies.


Observation wells become very essential to provide an update of reservoir performance. Monitoring reservoir pressure is very crucial in reservoir and production's enhancement process. Collecting pressure data using slickline method is not favorable in high production's high demand period. One of the conventional techniques to collect downhole pressure data is by installing Permanent Downhole Pressure System (PDHMS). These PDHMS are powered by electric cable which is subjected to failure in case of rush current or short circuit. Once failed, workover rig is required to replace the failed PDHMS which is considered as non-economical solution.
 An innovative approach was developed to continue monitor the reservoir data for wells that have failed PDHMS without the need of workover rig. This approach is by installing wireless gauges. The system is powered by batteries, can be deployed by wireline, and installed inside production tubing.
 Pressure and temperature data are transmitted wirelessly through metal from tubular to wellhead. Surface panel system can display, store and provide port to download the data. However, the data transmission of the wireless gauges is interrupted by overhead powerline, cathodic protection, intelligent field equipment and other existing electric devices. Therefore, first of its kind noise filter cancelation was added into the system to ensure the accuracy and continuity of data transmission.
 An integrated process for wireless gauges installation was developed starting with the designing process to receiving the data at engineers' desktop. This process plays a vital role in planning future production optimization, reservoir management and injection strategies.
 This paper is sharing the best practice and procedure that should be followed during the surface panel work preparation up to downhole gauge installation


Summary
Japanese cedar pollinosis is an allergic disease characterized by sneezing and itchy and watery eyes in persons with a specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E antibody to this allergen. Since 1960, the prevalence of Japanese cedar pollinosis has greatly increased in Japan. Both environmental and host factors contribute strongly to the pathogenesis of allergic disorders such as allergic rhinitis. The best-established risk factor for nasal allergy is family history of allergy, especially nasal allergy. Susceptibility genes are genes in which only a few mutational changes may lead to sensitivity to certain diseases. Japanese cedar or orchard grass pollinosis may be diseases of this type, related to the haplotype of human leukocyte antigen. Recent studies of susceptibility genes of allergic diseases have focused on the IgE receptor gene, which is closely related to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-4 receptor and interferon genes, which are concerned with the Th2- and Th1-immune responses. However, these susceptibility genes exhibit different behaviours in different ethnic populations and their contribution to conferring disease is not yet established. In addition, allergic rhinitis, especially pollinosis, may be strongly influenced by environmental factors.


Abstract
 This thesis aims to map out inner-outer dichotomy in terms of applicative, disposal construction and light verbs in Northern Sixian Hakka under the cartographic approach (Rizzi 1997, Cinque1999), and further specifies the interactions of the multiple constructions among these categories. By observing the semantic and syntactic properties of applicative and disposal constructions, as well as light verbs in Northern Sixian Hakka, and by identifying how these properties are similar to those used in Mandarin (Tsai 2011a), we propose that these structures form the basis of an inner-outer dichotomy. The arguments of both the applicative and disposal constructions are introduced by the explicit marker lau. An applicative construction with the explicit marker lau is an outer affective, and is situated in the high applicative of the CP periphery. By contrast, an inner affective comprising pseudo double object constructions without the explicit marker lau is distributed to the middle applicative in the vP periphery. Moreover, disposal lau behaves as a light verb and both inner and outer disposals are distributed within the vP and lower than inner affective. Furthermore, light verbs can be divided into inner and outer groups according to their predicate types; an outer light verb that is associated with causality is arranged within the left periphery, whereas an inner light verb that is related to an instrument, location, or reason is situated within the vP phase. Based on this topography, the interaction of these constructions verifies the split-CP (Rizzi 1997) and the existence of vP periphery in Northern Sixian Hakka.


This paper investigates closed-loop transmit diversity systems based on transmit antenna selection.For two modes of maximal ratio transmission and equal gain transmission,the algorithms of determining both transmit antennas number and radio frequency(RF) chains number are proposed respectively according to the order statistics of wireless channel fading coefficients.The two algorithms can minimize the number of required transmit antennas and RF chains respectively.Simulation results demonstrate that appropriate selection of transmit antennas number and RF chains number can reduce complexity and cost of the systems.The phase quantization algorithm of sector phase constraining is put forward for the systems of hybrid transmit antenna selection and equal gain transmission.The performance with a few amount of quantized feedback can approach that with full feedback.


Mn-substitution NASICON-type Na3+xMnxV2-x(PO4)3 compounds have been extensively studied as a desirable cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), due to their higher operating voltage, low cost and weak biological toxicity compared...


The learning process in neurosurgery is a large and difficult task based on experimentation, being ventriculostomy not an exception. We have developed a virtual reality system to help training novel surgeons on this kind of operation. The system consists of the simulation of the surgery using a haptic device and a subsequent 3D visual inspection of the surgical trajectory. Our main objective was to proof that the tactile sensation produced by our system was enough realistic for the surgeons. We carried out a demonstration session in a medical workshop where all surgeons attending the workshop used the system with a very enthusiastic response about the perception experimented through the system.


Monoclinic clinobisvanite BiVO4 is one of the most promising materials in the field of solar water splitting due to its band gap and suitable valence band maximum (VBM) position. We have carried out comprehensive experimental and periodic density functional theory (DFT) simulations of BiVO4 heterojunction with selenium (Se-BiVO4), to understand the nature of the heterojunction. We have also investigated the contribution of Se to higher performance by effecting morphology, light absorption, and charge transfer properties in heterojunction. Electronic properties simulations of BiVO4 show that its VBM and conduction band minimum (CBM) are comprised of O 2p and V 3d orbitals, respectively. The Se/BiVO4 heterojunction has boosted the photocurrent density by 3-fold from 0.7 to 2.2 mA cm–2 at 1.3 V vs SCE. The electrochemical impedance and Mott–Schottky analysis result in favorable charge transfer characteristics, which account for the higher performance in Se/BiVO4 as compared to the BiVO4 and Se. Finally, spec...


The slot-transmission line on a dielectric substrate has many possible microwave circuit applications. This paper presents experimental data concerning the performance of bandpass and bandstop filters and a hybrid coupler; the work described was performed at S-band frequencies using the single substrate slot line geometry. Also included are theoretical data concerning the slot-line wavelength and characteristic impedance for the case of the slot-line configuration having dielectric material above and below the metsllization, the so-called slot-line "sandwich."


Objective To study the expressions of Endoglin(CD105) gene in different ovarian epithelial tumor.Methods Reverse transcrip tion-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was employed to detect the expression of ENDOGLIN mRNA in tissues from ovarian cystadenoma and ovarian malignant tumor.Results The difference in ENDOGLIN mRNA expressions between benign and malignant was significant(P0.01),and the expression was significantly higher at the tumor periphery than at the tumor center(P0.05).Pathological grade Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of grade Ⅰ.Conclusion Whether ovarian malignant tumor or ovarian cystadenoma all have Endoglin mRNA expression.However,ovarian cancer Endoglin mRNA expression level was significantly increased compared to ovarian cystadenoma.the expressions of Endoglin increases in ovarian cancer tissues with the decline of differentiation.Endoglin gene in epithelial ovarian carcinoma is proportional to the degree of malignancy of the tumor.ENDOGLIN over-expression may play a crucial role in the progression and metastasis of ovarian malignant tumor.


Developing a digital automatic control system with a variable structure reduces to wiring a planning program and applied programs on the basis of the algorithms here considered. The technical solutions, structures, and control algorithms here proposed have been used in developing the automatic control system for contactless high-speed drives of gas-pumping equipment based on a thyratron motor with combined excitation.


This paper presents the results of a study performed in order to develop a dynamic model of radiant ceiling panels in heating or cooling modes coupled to its environment (fenestration, walls, internal loads and ventilation system). The model considers the radiant panels as a dynamic-state finned heat exchanger connected to a detailed lumped dynamic model of the building (R-C network). The behavior of the radiant ceiling system and the interactions with its environment has been experimentally and numerically evaluated. Using as inputs the radiant ceiling and room dimensions, material properties and the transient measurements of air temperature at the adjacent zones, supply air and water temperatures and mass flow rates, the model allows for the estimation of the water exhaust temperature, radiant ceiling average surface temperature, resultant and dry air room temperatures, radiant ceiling power and internal surface temperatures of the room in order to compare with measurements taken during the commissioning process. Two dynamic tests in heating and cooling modes are used to validate the model


This article has as object of study the Statute of Children and Adolescents, commonly known as ACE, in order to address their application, their strengths and weaknesses regarding moving or holding the current age for criminal responsibility. The intention of this article, in a broad sense , is to demonstrate that some of these young offenders who commit crimes are victims of an inefficient and bankrupt society that fit into the cruel human community, although still lower, capable of committing barbaric crimes, raising the bosom social a fear and an 140 DOUTRINA REVISTA DA EJUSE, No 26, 2017 unbridled desire to stop them, stop them. However, we must focus on the development of these teenagers walking are being formed and have no hope of a promising and egalitarian future. The duty of the law should not be focused only to punish, but to enter the minor in a different context, look on the bright side, human and child of the individual, which, many times, was stolen.


We consider an M/G/1 retrial queueing system with two types of calls which models a telephone switching system. In the case that arriving calls are blocked due to the channel being busy, the outgoing calls are queued in priority group whereas the incoming calls enter the retrial group in order to try service again after a random amount of time. In this paper we find the Laplace-Stieltjes transform of the distribution of the virtual waiting time for an incoming call. When the arrival rate of outgoing calls is zero, it is shown that our result is consistent with the known result for a retrial queueing system with one type of call.


The capstone project course at the end of the engineering program curriculum is a very special learning space. However, this must respond to intentional pedagogical design. This article presents a comparative analysis of capstone projects courses of 5 engineering programs in Lima from the professor's perspective. The way in which the courses are carried out allows or affects the achievement of the proposed objectives of the course. In this analysis, we identified influential factors to meet goals and lesson learned.


Abstract Consistent calculation and analysis of neutron scattering data of 232,234,236,238,240U with a spherical optical model, the unified Hauser-Feshbach theory and the exciton model, the linear angular momentum–dependent exciton state density model, and the coupled channel theory are carried above the resolved resonance range and below 20 MeV based on the experimental data of total, nonelastic-scattering, fission, and other reaction cross sections and elastic-scattering angular distributions. Theoretical calculations are compared with experimental data and other evaluated data from ENDF/B-VII and JENDL-3.3.


Carbazole (1) upon condensation with ethylchloroacetate followed by treatment with hydrazine hydrate yielded 2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl) acetohydrazide (3). Treatment of compound (3) with sodium nitrite resulted in the formation of diazonium salt (4). Reaction of (4) with ethylacetoacetate and acetylacetone afforded ethyl 2-[3-(9H-carbazol-9-ylacetyl) triazanylidene]-3-oxobutanoate (5) and 3-[3-(9H-carbazol-9-ylacetyl)triazanylidene] pentane-2,4-dione (6), respectively. Reaction of (5) and (6) with phenylhydrazine and urea yielded 4-[3-(9H-carbazol-9-ylacetyl)triazanylidene]-5methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one (7) and 5-[3-(9H-carbazol-9-ylacetyl) triazanylidene]-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2(5H)-one (8), respectively. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR analysis. Potential antifungal effects of the synthesized compounds were investigated using the Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger strains. The newly synthesized compounds exhibited promising activities, particularly compounds (7, 8 and 9). Introduction The clinical need for therapeutic agents which restore or enhance a response in immuno compromised patients such as that which occurs in viral infections, cancer, autoimmune disease and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has led to the search for novel immuno stimulants (1) . Carbazole, an important class of indole alkaloids has gained much importance in recent years due to their diverse biological activities (2-5) . The therapeutic prominence of the carbazole derivatives was well established (6,7) . Also, pyrido carbazoles were reported to elicit anticancer and anti-HIV properties (8-11) and hence they have gained an important place in medicinal chemistry (12) . The discovery of the antineoplastic activity of the naturally occurring alkaloid ellipticine and its isomer olivacine Fig.(1) has stimulated considerable research efforts in the field of carbazole systems (13) . A variety of carbazoles and its annulated derivatives represent DNA ligands with pronounced antitumor activity (14) . With the aim to construct new systems with the carbazole nucleus, I turned my attention to synthesizing N-acetohydrazide carbazole that would be an important synthon for the synthesizing of new heterocycles. Ellipticine Olivacine Fig.(1) : Structures of the alkaloids, ellipticine and Olivacine. (15) Experimental Instruments: Melting points were determined on GallenKamp melting point apparatus and were uncorrected. The IR spectra of the compounds were recorded on Shimadzu FTIR-8300 spectrometer as KBr disc; results are given in cm -1 . 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectra were recorded at 300 and 75 MHz, respectively, in DMSO-d6 for all compounds on a Bruker AMX-400 NMR spectrometer. The chemical shifts are reported in part per million (ppm) downfield from internal tetramethylsilane (TMS) (chemical shift in δ values). 1 H-, 13 CNMR were made at the Organic Chemical Technology Department, Technical University of Budapest (Budapest, Hungary).


The International Association of Refrigeration (Association Internationale du Froid) was founded in January 1909. Right from the start, the Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (1853–1926) played a major role in the new association, which brought together the science of low temperatures; the refrigeration industry; applications of cold to foodstuffs, trade, and transport; and relevant legislation. In July 1908, Kamerlingh Onnes became the first person to liquefy helium, making his Leiden cryogenic laboratory the coldest spot on earth. Because of this success, he was one of the big stars of the First International Congress of Refrigeration, held in October 1908, in Paris. As vice president of the association and chairman of the 'first committee', which dealt with the science of low temperatures, Kamerlingh Onnes was able to strengthen Leiden's position as the leading international centre for cryogenic research. His presentation at the Paris congress unleashed a stream of guest researchers to Leiden, where they enjoyed Kamerlingh Onnes's hospitality and were allowed to extend their research to much lower temperatures then could be reached in their own laboratories. The Association provided grants for young physicists to perform research 'relevant to cold technology' in Leiden's cryogenic laboratory. In practice, however, the Leiden program dealt only with basic research. In 1920, in the wake of World War I, the Association was transformed into the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR). Kamerlingh Onnes, monsieur Zero Absolu, maintained his key position. By stressing that the science of refrigeration had a golden future and that superconductivity, which was demonstrated in Leiden in 1911, would come to the aid of electrical engineers, Kamerlingh Onnes was able to secure the funding of his Leiden laboratory by the IIR.


Faced with ageing populations, escalating care needs, and growing shortages of care workers, Japanese and EU governments have pursued large, publicly-funded research projects to develop and commerc...


Extensive developments have been in progress in recent years to make robots that can move and inspect in narrow space which is not accessible to human such as sewer pipe, and small opening among buildings. In this paper, we focus on narrow space between two walls and introduce a novel wall climbing robot that can move in vertical narrow space. This robot is composed of two driving modules and a pantograph in between that generates pushing force against the walls to prevent from falling down. Two different kinds of springs are installed to the pantograph in order to secure certain amount of pushing force. The proposed mechanism reduces the changing of the pushing force even if the inter-wall distance changes and makes the smooth movement possible.


The present invention apparatus for controlling by a in the transfer system (Conveyor System) using (Linear Motor) a plurality of linear motors (e.g. PLC) control and its surroundings in the configuration a general purpose control unit to control the devices of the linear motor, and that It relates to a method. Therefore, in accordance with the present invention, when making a Conveyor System with hundreds of Linear Motor in several possible control of the control of the control and that of the peripheral configuration of the device Linear Motor for general PLC.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to understand the journalism practice enacted by Moroccan Urban Electronic Newspapers' (UENs) journalists and news media practitioners. This study, therefore, takes representative UENs' reporters, journalism intellectuals, and the editorial managers' perspectives on the contribution of these platforms to explore the transformative era of electronic journalism in Morocco. The participants' views regard that the digital era has widened the creation and multiplication of UENs, which has interestingly celebrated freedom of content circulation and audience outreach but engendered chaos through sinking and diluting. Hence, this has led several journalists to demand structural state intervention. As a result, journalism scholars and practitioners warn against deteriorating journalism conditions facilitated to increase practitioners" call for rigid and paternalistic supervision of the field.


Jin merchants,as the stronger strength in the many business groups during the Ming and Qing dynasties,frequently went there and back in the Hexi corridor with the favorable trade policy introduced by the government. They not only did business concerning private salt and private tea,but also built many temples,halls and constructed the roads and bridges,which showed their kindness. The series of activities had the profound influence on all aspects,such as population,economy,culture and social life in Hexi area.


Background: Mercury is the most noxious heavy metal. Because of its environmental persistence and ability to be accumulated in the fatty tissues of aquatic organism, it poses serious threat to the fish community. Methods: In the present study, freshwater air breathing fish Clarias batrachus were exposed separately to different concentrations of Mercury chloride (HgCl2) for 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs and 96 hrs. Firstly, median lethal concentration (LC50) of HgCl2 to fish was determined by Probit analysis and was confirmed by pilot test. The behavioral and locomotary changes were monitored.Result: Test group showed random irregular and rapid swimming, restless activity. Along with these activities the test group became hyperactive, started jumping and changing their direction and position in an irregular manner. Some of the noticeable physiological symptoms during the initial stage of toxicity assessment were rapid opercular movement and frequent gulping of air. Both jerky movement and rapid respiratory response were reported to be occasional and slower in the longer duration exposure. Acute toxicity assessment provides first hand information to keep a check on pollution and to observe and track rigours of aquatic ecosystems.


In 2009, I contacted an editor of one of the National Communication Association's sanctioned journals to inquire about doing a literature review on transgender identities and experiences—a review that would also justify the need for acknowledging these identities and experiences in communication research. However, in e-mail after e-mail, I found myself being asked to define what transgender was, describe characteristics of persons who identify as transgender, and make a case for why transgender identities and experiences were important for communication research. Eventually, the editor said that there weren't enough of "them" to justify such a review. I do not expect all communication scholars to study transgender populations or experiences, but I do expect scholars to recognize that transgender identities and experiences exist. More specifically, I find it ethically imperative for scholars who study sex, gender, and communication to, at the very least, acknowledge the experiences of persons who identify as transgender. As you might sense, I experienced immense joy when I learned about Transgender Communication Studies: Histories, Trends, and Trajectories, an edited collection that is indeed "the first of its kind in the communication discipline" (ix). This collection offers a focused and sincere attempt to understand and advocate on behalf of transgender identities and experiences. Throughout, contributors interrogate the meanings and experiences of transgender identities in relation to key communication contexts (e.g., interpersonal, health, organizational, media, rhetorical) and topics (e.g., self-disclosure, intimacy, social media, workplace protections); show how discourse (e.g., religious, legal) about persons who identify as transgender can have "real, material effects" on their lives (196); illustrate the ways in which representations assign motives, establish constraints for, and can be used against persons who identify as transgender; and describe various (mis)uses of language, the successes and problems of (in)visibility and (un)intelligibility, and how transgender bodies can serve as sites of variation and contestation. This collection will no longer allow communication scholars and journal editors to easily avoid these topics. I want to highlight three key features of the collection. First, many of the contributors dissect the relationship between sexual orientation and gender identity. For example, Norwood and Lannutti (Chapter 4) describe how some families considered transgender identity to be more stigmatized than lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) identities, and explore how transgender identities were "perceived to be less concealable due to readily observable transition changes" (66). Booth (Chapter 7) articulates a dialectic of self/other identification by illustrating how documentaries about transgender experiences privilege surgical reassignment as the primary evidence of a legitimate transgender identity, as well as considering instances when others dismiss the gendered pronouns transgender persons use to describe themselves. And Barnett (Chapter 10) describes how Joshua Riverdale posts photos on the blog Gender Outlaw to offer a "continuous visual archive


uals is their ability to make more or less rational assessments of their situations. Chalmers proposes weakening Popper's rationality principle (as stated by Popper it seems to him false, since the actions of madmen could be subsumed under such a principle) as a way of preserving Popper's autonomous sociology at the expense of his problematic reductive individualism. I fail to see the tension Chalmers does between autonomous sociology and methodological individualism : autonomous sociology seeks mainly to discover the constraints which one's situation places upon one's actions, the rationality principle assesses the


Objective To establish a new method for determination of diosmetin in Valeriana jatamansi Jones by chemiluminescent system. Methods In the alkaline medium participated by nano silver,the chemiluminescent intensity of KMn O4-luminol-diosmetin system had a good linear relationship with diosmetin. Based on this,a new method of flow injection chemiluminescent system for detection of diosmetin was developed. Results Under the best conditions of luminol,Na OH,nano silver and KMn O4,whose solution concentration were respectively 8. 0 × 10-7mol / L,0. 05 mol / L,5. 0 × 10-6mol / L and 3. 0 ×10-5mol / L,the linear range of diosmetin were 5. 0 × 10-9g / ml-5. 0 × 10-7g / ml,r = 0. 998 7. Parallel determination of 1 ×10-7g / ml diosmetin were conducted for 11 times,whose relative standard deviation was 1. 88% and the detection limit was1. 8 × 10-9g / ml. The possible mechanism of this chemiluminescence reaction was also proposed. Conclusion The method is simple,accurate and it can be used for determination of diosmetin in Valeria jatamansi Jones.


The benefits of trust are numerous, but studies are only beginning to focus on how trust may be repaired after trust violations. Substantively, this paper considers whether and how online feedback systems might serve to facilitate trust repair after trust violations in online market transactions. More theoretically, I test Kim et al's [3] claim that apology is more effective after competencebased trust violations, but denial is more effective after integrity-based trust violations. I suggest that these effects of apology and denial are conditioned also by whether the target of violation response is a victim or an observer of the trust violation. Victims' greater need for reconciliation after direct harm means that denial may be less effective. An experiment designed to test this thesis by crossing violation type, violation response, and target of violation response found support for this claim.


A case of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the hand in a 21-year-old patient is reported. In the light of this case, the authors review the literature and analyse the therapeutic implications.


Over gelatinization of extruded rice noodles during open wet steam cooking is a major problem in the food processing industry and occurs due to the condensation of water droplets that come into contact with noodle strings during the steaming process. This issue may arise due to the presence of stuck noodles in the finished product. Therefore, 5 prototype designs; wooden frame enclosed with polythene sheet (A), wooden frame enclosed with gray cloth (B), wooden frame enclosed with a plywood sheet with two steam inlets in the galvanized door (C), wooden frame enclosed with plywood sheet with multiple steam inlets in the galvanized door (D), and completely enclosed galvanized chamber were made (E). All steam chambers had multiple steam inlets in lateral walls except the chamber with gray cloth. Red rice noodles were prepared from the combination (16% w/w moisture, 200 μ m, water at ambient temperature (30±2 ℃ ), control atmosphere, 20 min) and fed into five different types of prototype designs to complete the cooking (gelatinization) process. The performance of the five prototype designs was evaluated in terms of the percentage of dried noodles coming out of each design in a single straight form. According to the results, the percentage of dried noodles coming out of each design was (A-50.0±7.1%, B-15.0±5.0%, C-15.0±5.0%, D-50.0±7.1%, E-77.5±4.3% w/w) analyzed. The mean values of all designs revealed that the effective prototype design was "design E" (steam chamber consisted of a completely enclosed galvanized chamber with multiple steam inlets in the two lateral sides). It was able to produce a higher percentage of straight single noodles when compared to other designs. In conclusion, design E is the effective steam chamber to produce straight single rice noodles for the market. The design of a steam chamber is also a very important aspect to avoid over gelatinization thus producing straight and single form of rice noodles strings.


Primary school teachers play a critical role in elementary education, and their teaching decisions made in class are of great importance. Based on eye-tracking recordings in class, after-class interviews, and student rating scales, we analyzed teachers' decision-making from the perspective of the ethical theory of utilitarianism and formed a four-quadrant framework. Results showed that Teacher W mostly considered Teacher-Collective Interests, Student-Collective Interests and Student-Individual Interests, while Teacher J focused more on Teacher-Collective Interests and Student-Individual Interests.


This project description focuses on a specific occurrence of normative conflicts. It addresses the need of deciding the applicable law when conflicting pieces of legislation coming from different legal systems have to be merged. I will check whether and how the argumentation method could help to deal with these cases of normative interactions. Actually, from the logical point of view, the situation described poses some challenging issues, first of all that of taking into consideration contextual reasoning. Furthermore, the task of merging of normative provisions from different legal systems is itself far from being just an automatic activity: merging is not obvious and when it is required in a concrete case, the point is that in principle the systematic character of law cannot allow the legal operator to mechanically combine X from system x and Y from system y. The argumentation method can show its efficacy when reasoning in such situations is often characterized by interpretive uncertainty. The methodology I will follow consists of two main steps: firstly, I outline the legal case study drawn from international taxation law, i.e. juridical double imposition; then, I propose some argument schemes that can exemplify the legal reasoning and the inference chain that lead the legal operator when facing such situations.


Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop an accurate and effective technique to predict and monitor volume changes of the tumor and organs at risk (OARs) from daily cone-beam CTs (CBCTs). Methods: While CBCT is typically used to minimize the patient setup error, its poor image quality impedes accurate monitoring of daily anatomical changes in radiotherapy. Reconstruction artifacts in CBCT often cause undesirable errors in registration-based contour propagation from the planning CT, a conventional way to estimate anatomical changes. To improve the registration and segmentation accuracy, we developed a new deformable image registration (DIR) that iteratively corrects CBCT intensities using slice-based histogram matching during the registration process. Three popular DIR algorithms (hierarchical B-spline, demons, optical flow) augmented by the intensity correction were implemented on a graphics processing unit for efficient computation, and their performances were evaluated on six head and neck (HN) cancer cases. Four trained scientists manually contoured nodal gross tumor volume (GTV) on the planning CT and every other fraction CBCTs for each case, to which the propagated GTV contours by DIR were compared. The performance was also compared with commercial software, VelocityAI (Varian Medical Systems Inc.). Results: Manual contouring showed significant variations, [-76, +141]% from the mean of all four sets of contours. The volume differences (mean±std in cc) between the average manual segmentation and four automatic segmentations are 3.70±2.30(B-spline), 1.25±1.78(demons), 0.93±1.14(optical flow), and 4.39±3.86 (VelocityAI). In comparison to the average volume of the manual segmentations, the proposed approach significantly reduced the estimation error by 9%(B-spline), 38%(demons), and 51%(optical flow) over the conventional mutual information based method (VelocityAI). Conclusion: The proposed CT-CBCT registration with local CBCT intensity correction can accurately predict the tumor volume change with reduced errors. Although demonstrated only on HN nodal GTVs, the results imply improved accuracy for other critical structures. This work was supported by NIH/NCI under grant R42CA137886.