The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) — an independent intergovernmental body that develops and promotes policies to protect the global financial system against money laundering, terrorist financing and financing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction — has advised countries to enact laws that require all persons who physically transport currency or bearer negotiable instruments (BNIs) in excess of fifteen thousand US dollars or Euros to submit a truthful declaration to the designated competent authorities.Countries may opt from among the following three types of declaration systems: (i) a written declaration system for all travellers, (ii) a written declaration system for those travellers carrying an amount of currency or BNIs above the threshold and (iii) an oral declaration system. These systems are described below in their pure forms. However, it is not uncommon for countries to opt for a mixed system. (a) Written declaration system for all travellers: In this system, all travellers are required to complete a written declaration before entering the country. This would include questions on a common or customs declaration form. In practice, travellers must declare whether or not they are carrying currency or BNIs (e.g., by ticking a yes or no box). (b) Written declaration system for travellers carrying amounts above a threshold: In this system, all travellers carrying an amount of currency or BNIs above a preset designated threshold are required to complete a written declaration form. In practice, travellers who are not carrying currency or BNIs over the designated threshold are not required to fill out any forms. (c) Oral declaration system for all travellers: In this system, all travellers are required to orally declare if they carry an amount of currency or BNIs above a prescribed threshold. This is usually done at customs entry points where travellers are required to choose between the 'red channel' (goods to declare) and the 'green channel' (nothing to declare). The traveller's choice of channel is considered the oral declaration. In practice, travellers do not declare in writing but are required to actively report to a customs official. While countries have followed the advice of the FATF, the laws in these countries are not identical. For example, Nigeria and the United Kingdom require all travellers to orally declare if they carry an amount of currency above the prescribed threshold, while the United States requires travellers who carry an amount of currency above a preset designated threshold to complete a written declaration form.This paper compares the approach adopted by Nigeria and United Kingdom with that of the United States to determine the best approach. This is likely the one that strikes a fair balance between protecting the financial system against money launderers and upholding equality before the law.


The paper introduces the compose of the underwater object reclaim equipment,particular explain the work process and expatiates the configuration design of ballonet and charge value.The reclaim underwater equipment test was taken for underwater object reclaim equipment.


iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS x CHAPTER 1: General Introduction 1 1.1 Evolution 1 1.1.1 Mechanisms of evolution 1 1.1.2 Speciation 2 1.1.3 Pleistocene speciation 3 1.1.4 Hybridization 5 1.2 Molecular markers 6 1.2.1 Molecular methods in population genetics 6 1.2.2 Mitochondrial DNA 7 1.2.3 Z-linked markers 8 1.2.4 Single nucleotide polymorphisms on autosomal nuclear markers 9 1.2.5 Using molecular markers to study speciation and hybridization 10 1.3 Study species 11 1.3.1 Sapsucker systematics 11 1.3.2 Sapsucker biology 12 1.3.3 Three-way-hybridization complex 14 1.4 Thesis aims 16 1.4.1 Rangewide structure and historic distribution 16 1.4.2 S. nuchalis/S. varius Alberta hybrid zone 17 1.5 Thesis organization 18 1.6 References 19 CHAPTER 2: Population genetics and speciation of three woodpecker species (Sphyrapicus varius, S. nuchalis, and S. ruber) 26 2.1 Abstract 27 2.2 Introduction 28 2.3 Methods 30 2.3.1 Sample acquisition 30 2.3.2 DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing 31 2.3.3 SNP screening 32 2.3.4 Data analyses 33 2.3.5 Ecological Niche Modelling 33 2.4 Results 35 2.4.1 Sequences 35 2.4.2 SNP screening 36 2.4.3 Ecological Niche Modeling 37 2.5 Discussion 37 2.5.1 Effects of Pleistocene biogeography 37 2.5.2 Systematics and polyphyly 39 2.5.3 Reproductive isolating mechanisms 42


Discusses stability of a repairable system with N failure mode and one standby unit. We show that 0 is a simple eigenvalue of this system operator and is also a unique spectral point on the imaginary axis.In combination with this,we obtain that the time-dependent solution of the system converges strongly to the steady-state solution.


Students with Learning Disabilities (LD) are a heterogeneous group of children who share the common characteristic of school difficulty and failure. More students in American schools are identified as Learning Disabled than any other type of disability under current federal law. The present study is a longitudinal survey that was designed to (a) test four hypothesized mediating links within the School Failure Rationale connecting juvenile delinquency (JD) to LD, and (b) apply the School Failure Rationale in the context of a low Socioeconomic Status, all-Mexican American group of youngsters (n = 75; mean CA = 12.9; IQ = 88). A path analysis was conducted to determine significance between juvenile delinquency and the mediating variables of self-esteem, peer delinquency, school dissatisfaction, and locus of control. Results indicate that all of the mediating variables except self-esteem played either a direct or indirect role in self-reported delinquency in year one or in year three of this study.


The utility model discloses a gas infrared continuous automatic drying device, which comprises a baking oven, a transmission line, an infrared burner and a main controller. The baking oven is a cuboid-shaped box body integrally, a pair of side faces opposite to each other is opened, the transmission line is arranged at the bottom of the baking oven and penetrates out from the pair of open side faces, the infrared burner is arranged in the box body and located above a drying line, the main controller is in output connection with the transmission line so as to control the operating state of the transmission line. The gas infrared continuous automatic drying device is long in maintenance cycle, convenient to use and low in power consumption.


A list of primary and secondary sources and resources on the American Civil War. Primary Sources documenting slavery in the American South


An Leq is usually calculated through an averaging operation of anti-logarithm of the measured instantaneous level value in a decibel scale. Considering the nonlinear transformation of level observation, there seems to remain a principal problem that the average energy can not be exactly obtained owing to the inequality of quantization width in an energy scale differing from the equality of quantization width in a level scale. In this paper, the averaged sound energy is estimated on the basis of level statistics with help of the moment generating function of sound level by considering the fundamental relationship between the sound level and its energy. Then, an evaluation method of Leq is derived in the series expansion form reflecting the stationary and Gaussian properties as the first expansion term and the correction term for the deviation from these statistical properties as the higher order expansion terms. Finally, the proposed estimation method is experimentally confirmed by applying it to the actual noise environment inside and outside a room.


At present, the biomedical model has occupied the leading position in the development of medicine.The bio-psycho-social model as the developing direction of the medical model has been put forward for 37 years up to now, but it has not been able to get effective practice. This article analyzed the cause of this happening and argues that the new mode of modern holistic medicine takes the overall health and other factors into account. Updating the knowledge structure, changing understanding and other methods, would help break through the limitations existing in the medical knowledge and practice aspects of bio-psycho-social medical model, can fundamentally change the status quo that modern medical practice has not been effectively guided, so then to better direct the development of clinical career.


The Kola River in the northern part of the Kola Peninsula, northwestern Russia, flows into the Barents Sea via the Kola Bay. The river is a unique place for reproduction of salmon and an important ...


This research aims to describe semantics of predicates meaning the state of being ill in the English and Russian languages with the help of componential analysis. The componential analysis of lexical definitions is mainly based on the logical operation of definitions of notions. The main aims of componential analysis are distribution of lexical meanings according to semantic fields of different levels and definition of linguistic meanings represented by these semantic fields. The object of this research is invariant semantic field the state of being ill given in the form of field-representatives in the compared languages.


Objective To explore cause of oligohydramnios and it's effects on perineonates,and to find out proper treatments so as to reduce perinatal mortality.Methods 146 pregnant women with oligohydramnios as observation group and other 146 pregnant women with normal amniotic fluid as control group who admitted to Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical College over a period from November 2003 to July 2007 were enrolled,and clinical data of pregnant women in the two groups were analyzed retrospectively.Results The complication incidence rates in the observation group were:the incidence rate of perinatal asphyxia was 7.53%,the incidence of perinatal mortality was 1.37% and the cesarean section rate was 63.70%,which were significantly higher than those in the control group(all P0.05).Conclusion Oligohydramnios may cause asphyxia even death of the perineonates.The diagnosis of oligohydramnios should be confirmed by ultrasonography early and the pregnancy should be terminated timely if the diagnosis has been confirmed,and the indications of cesarean section delivery should be loosened appropriately.


AbstractThis paper argues that the Fed was not stock market bubble-neutral during the last several years. This nonneutrality implies two options: first, the Fed has used monetary policies to prevent the building of the stock market bubble or, second, the Fed has contributed to its development and subsequent deflation. We supply representative quotes from the FOMC transcripts to establish that the Fed has paid significant attention to the valuation of the stock market. These quotes confirm that the stock market's valuation was an important variable in the Fed's decision-making and its conduct of monetary policy. We also conduct econometric modeling, by extending the Taylor rule and using data for the 1987–2000 period, to argue that the Fed, perhaps unintentionally, has contributed to the stock market's overvaluation and subsequent decline.


No abstract available Image: Stopford Building. The University of Manchester's Medical School, built 1969-72 to the designs of Harry S. Fairhurst & Son. (From http://www.geograph.org.uk - © Copyright Stephen Richards)


Nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) is a unique material we produce by direct conversion of glassy carbon into diamond at ca. 20 GPa and 2200 K in a multi anvil press. One of precursor materials we use is commercially available in the form of glassy carbon balls with a diameter of 20 to 50 microns. NCD demonstrates superior mechanical properties (e.g. extremely high yield strength under confining pressure) and has been successfully used for ultra-high static pressure generation (above 600 GPa) in a double-stage diamond anvil cell (DAC) (Ref. 1). To elucidate structure-property relationships in this extremely strong and seemingly inscrutable material we have investigated its microstructure using HRTEM and HAADF-STEM, measured its compressibility by means of synchrotron X-ray diffraction in a DAC, and evaluated its hardness in comparison to that of the hardest known materials - single-crystal diamond and nano-polycrystalline diamond (NPD) (Ref. 2). An additional insight into the volume compressibility was obtained due to X-ray phase contrast micro-imaging using a coherent high-energy synchrotron radiation. The established structure-property relationships will be presented and analyzed.


During the growing season of 1988/89 a trial was held in the large vegetable experimental field at the Agronomy Faculty of the University of La Pampa, under square latin design 5 x 5. Fertilizers of N, P and S were applied to the Synthetical Variety 14 of Valenciana onion. The main objective was to determine the influence of N and its interaction of P and S upon final yield. The fertilizars were: Urea; H(NH 4 ) 2 PO 4 + Urea; (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 +Urea; (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 +H(NH 4 ) 2 PO 4 +Urea and tester. All doses were adjust in such manner all plots had the same amount on N, in order to compare its effects. Highly significantive differences were observed between treatments. With respect to entire plant's weight expose to the air, T2 overcame significantly to Tc and T1. Calcium, Magnesium, phosphorus, crude protein and water contens were analyzed in lab and the results are considered normal. According to the results obtained in the current trial, it might be suggested to fertilize onion with compounds including N and Pinto their composition.


The major challenge in integrating the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and renewable energy sources with the existing power system network is to determine the capacity and placement of the BESS in the system. The installation of BESS units at non optimal places can result in an increase in cost, including the system losses and larger battery capacity and therefore, having an effect opposite to the desired. For this reason, the use of a methodology capable of analyzing the influence on some system characteristics of BESS allocation and sizing is very useful for system planning. In this paper, a loss sensitivity based algorithm is proposed for optimal placement and size of the BESS in the distribution system to reduce the distribution power loss. IEEE distribution test data has been used to show the performance of the proposed algorithm.


We are currently working on the realization of a PLS: Polyphony Learning Software tool within the framework of a pluridisciplinary project for promoting and preserving the Corsican culture. In this article we shall describe the different technical choices adopted so as to develop this learning tool based upon a gestural language. This software should enable a single singer to create polyphony. This is possible by replacing the other singers with singing voices. Our problematic is to associate artificial voices to each of the language gestures. This process has been broken down into several steps: defining a gestural language, gesture capture and recognition, association of a singing voice.


IN SPEAKING of rhabdomyoma I propose to review the whole group of tumours, simple and malignant, which are thought to be composed wholly of striated muscle cells or of elements derived from them. I do not propose to include the complex tumours in which striated muscle is one of a number of neoplastic tissue elements, e.g., in the mixed tumours of kidney and testis and the still more complex teratomata. Since my audience is interested chiefly in surgery I shall devote most of the time to conditions of surgical importance. At the outset we are faced with the difficulty of terminology, for certain neoplasms arising in striated muscle may present the morphological and tinctorial qualities of muscle substance but lack unequivocal crossstriation. Such tumours are appropriately classified as Myoblastoma (Cappell and Montgomery, 1937) and this type is commoner than is generally realised. The term myoblastoma has unfortunately been used in different senses and there is often difficulty in distinguishing precisely which class oftumour is under discussion (e.g., Howe and Warren, 1944). It would be an advantage if all tumours which show unequivocal, even if imperfect, cross-striations were classified as rhabdomyoma, and it is unfortunate that the majority would merit the qualification " sarcomatodes." Abrikossoff's type four (polymorphous myoblastic sarcoma) should certainly be put in this group. On the other hand his type one or pure myoblastoma, composed of cells with a strikingly granular cytoplasm devoid of striations but tinctorially resembling muscle, is sufficiently different in histological character and clinical behaviour to merit separate consideration and I shall distinguish them as the " granular-cell myoblastoma." Rhabdomyomata of apparently simple character occur in the heart muscle, in association with other congenital malformations, especially with tuberous sclerosis of the brain. In all other sites striated muscle tumours are usually malignant, giving rise to repeated local recurrences followed by metastases to the regional lymph nodes and finally by generalised blood-borne dissemination. The distinction between rhabdomyoma and myoblastoma is purely histological and is very ill-defined, since crossstriations are often imperfectly developed and require special technical methods for their detection; further they may be found in only a single part of the growth or only in a metastasis. I shall therefore consider them together regionally and illustrate them from my own cases.


Excerpt We report the case of a patient with primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with membranous nephropathy. A 41-year-old man had edema and fatigue. Serum albumin was 9.9 g/L (normal, 36 to...


A novel analytical algorithm for determining cell placement in gate-arrays is described. The placement problem is considered as a constrained optimization problem and is solved by a classical optimization method. The objective function and constraint functions of the problem are defined. At the same time, a novel shape model of the cells, a novel reflection function, and a novel row constraint function are introduced. Improvements in objective function definition are also given. One solved example is presented.<<ETX>>


For the first time, the relationship between the Beatles and Christmas is explored in this unique biography. The chapters feature the band's complete holiday time line, fan club and solo Christmas recordings, rare flexis, BBC radio specials, and an array of photographed memorabilia. Behind-the-scenes information on the group's Yuletide concerts, their connections with Disney, and a complete discography of their Christmas albums are also included. With insider commentary from the band's former chauffeur, this account combines the history of a legendary quartet with a cherished time of year, offering an essential addition for any collection.


The raw materials of Yanggu Xiangguang Copper's 400 kt/a high-purity cathode copper plant are mostly from abroad.Ore composition is more complicated.In the current situation of resource shortage and increasingly stringent environmental requirements,clean production and circular economy become the development trend of the industry.Xiangguang Copper used advanced technology and equipment to realize the minimization of gas emission and deepen recycling of waste acid and waste water.Through pollution control and resource reuse,Xiangguang Copper has developed a circular economy and laid a good foundation for sustainable development.


The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of foreign banks' withdrawals on banking sector concentration. The past decade has been characterized by large scale foreign bank withdrawals from countries where these institutions represent a significant part of the banking sector. An empirical analysis has been conducted for the banking sectors of 53 countries over the period 1997 to 2008. The major finding is that the foreign banks' withdrawals are positively correlated with banking concentration. The greatest magnitude of the effect can be seen with respect to the deposit market. Surprisingly, however, we do not notice any greater effect of acquisition of divested banks on banking sector concentration as compared to other forms of withdrawals. This might suggest a tendency to split up banking operations among many market players.


: First of all, this article collects high -quality documents on Chinese digital inclusive financial research published in the core of Peking University and CSSCI journals in the core of 2016 to 2021. By using CiteSpace software, we can draw a map of author cooperation, institutional cooperation, key word co-occurrence and prominent word detection in this field. Secondly, the article utilizes the information obtained from the graph to extract significant research topics in the field, and conducts a specific analysis of these topics in conjunction with relevant literature. Finally, the article obtains relevant conclusions based on the results of the software and provides some feasibility suggestions.


This chapter focuses on attempts to introduce a market to stimulate competition and generate creativity in the field of malaria vaccines. The chapter draws on a qualitative research project engaging 34 organisations in the malaria field. It is argued that those involved in attempts to produce a malaria vaccine market continually work to manage a tension between apparent ontological singularity in market framing (that the nature of things are settled and well known) and multiplicity in market experimentation (in which the nature of things appears to become messy, unsettled, subject to new questions and assessment). Entities involved in such ontological tension include, but are not limited to: mosquitoes, doctors, the sick, malaria parasites, costs, values, efficacy rates and partnerships. In the research this tension is noted by economists, scientists and policy makers. However, in place of any counter expectation that such tension should lead to critique or even abandonment of the market as a focus for managing malaria, the Market (broadly construed) continues to be heralded as the means to solve the problem of malaria. Retaining the integrity of the Market depends on upholding (and where necessary adjusting) a set of Market principles from which any particular market intervention can be judged. The failure of a market intervention is thus understood as stemming from its inability to match the principles of the Market. The separation of the Market (as principles) from the market (as failed intervention) involves a discursive-based specificity move that prevents failure discussions being scaled up from the particular to the general.


The structure of the turbulent shear flow over a propagating wave of fixed frequency is examined. The vertical and horizontal velocities were measured in a wind-wave facility at Stanford University. The structure of the wave-perturbed turbulence was found to depend significantly on the ratio of the local mean velocity to the wave speed. The results support the idea of 'cat's-eye' type flow about the mean critical height.


Statistics are presented which show that the New York area will experience a large part of a spectacular increase in air transportation in the 1970-1980 decade, and the two principal components (air-passenger generated traffic and employee traffic) of airport surface traffic are discussed in detail. Modal split in ground transportation is discussed and statistical data are used to explain the differences in modal usage of ground transportation at airports.


A new carrier compensation mechanism has been investigated in nitrogen‐doped ZnSe films grown by low‐pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Photoconduction spectrum measurements have revealed the existence of deep defect levels located just above the center of the band gap in N‐doped, highly compensated films. These results combined with photo‐Hall measurements (under infrared illumination) have revealed that these midgap defect levels act as deep donors, and play an important role in carrier compensation in shallow acceptor doped ZnSe films.


Osteomalacia is a bone disease more commonly seen and with greater clinical 'implications in North China than elsewhere (1, 2, 3). The principal cause of the skeletal demineralization resides in vitamin D deficiency, a combination of its lack in the diet and exclusion of sunlight. By reason of such deficiency, calcium given by mouth fails to be absorbed. Poor intestinal absorption rather than excessive elimination is incriminated because it has been demonstrated by the studies of Hannon et al. (4) that the endogenous calcium metabolism in patients with osteomalacia on low intake is within normal limits and that calcium administered parenterally is largely retained. Under such circumstances while the endogenous destructive activity in the bones may not be excessive, the reparative process is very much interfered with through defective intestinal absorption so that skeletal decalcification inevitably ensues. The limited intake of calcium in common Chinese dietaries (5), and periods of mineral stress incident to pregnancy and lactation are some of the contributing factors that enter into the pathogenesis of osteomalacia. Studies of the effect of vitamin D in the treatment of osteomalacia (4, 6) demonstrate the remarkable'conserving action of vitamin D on calcium and phosphorus metabolism. As a result of its administration, intestinal absorption is promoted and endogenous elimination is decreased so that large quantities of calcium and phosphorus are available for deposition in the bones. The actual amount of calcium and phosphorus retained depends upon the level and ratio of intake of these elements. It has been shown in two patients with osteomalacia undergoing reparation initiated by vitamin D (7) that calcium retention varied directly with calcium intake while phosphorus retention was limited by both calcium and phosphorus intake. Fecal calcium likewise varied directly with calcium intake while fecal phosphorus was parallel with both calcium and phosphorus intake. When calcium supply is limited in relation to phosphorus (low Ca: P ratio) practically all the calcium absorbed is deposited, none appearing in the urine. On the other hand, when phosphorus supply is short compared with calcium (high Ca: P ratio), all the available phosphorus is retained and urinary phosphorus vanishes. Conservation of excretion through the urinary tract and efficient absorption through the intestinal canal account for the markedly positive balances in osteomalacia when reparation is brought about under the influence of vitamin D. Similar observations on the effects of variations of the levels and ratios of calcium to phosphorus intake on their serum levels, paths of excretion and balances have been made on another patient with healing osteomalacia. But in contrast to the previous patients who received vitamin D only prior to the observations, the present subject was given vitamin D throughout the entire study so as to obviate any uncertainty in ascribing the metabolic results obtained to vitamin D action. Moreover, attempt was made in the present study to secure more nearly metabolic equilibrium by using three 4-day periods for each level or ratio of dietary intake. The data obtained from this patient, together with those from another subject having syphilitic osteitis of right radius and tibia without general metabolic disturbance, taken as a control, constitute the basis of discussion in the present communication.


On 2 August 2013, Oscar Ho, Frank Vigneron, Lam Tung-pang and Samson Young met in Hong Kong to discuss the topical concerns, contemporary dynamics and historical constituencies of Hong Kong art in a specially convened roundtable discussion moderated by Dean Chan. Hong Kong's history as a British colony and its present status as a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China simultaneously haunt and animate this provocative discussion. Hong Kong's hybrid ontology characterizes its unique place in the world but also serves as a source of tension vis-à-vis China. Hong Kong art is highlighted as an ongoing site for cultural critique, struggle and resistance, and functions as a situated context to undo anodyne notions of nationalism and fabricate newly limned localized identifications with reflexive transnational imaginings. The transnational mobility of Hong Kong artists today is harnessed as a critical means to focus on the local and the particular.


Inflatable tubular structures that have annular cross sections rigidized with foams, and the means of erecting such structures in the field, are undergoing development. Although the development effort has focused on lightweight structural booms to be transported in compact form and deployed in outer space, the principles of design and fabrication are also potentially applicable to terrestrial structures, including components of ultralightweight aircraft, lightweight storage buildings and shelters, lightweight insulation, and sales displays. The use of foams to deploy and harden inflatable structures was first proposed as early as the 1960s, and has been investigated in recent years by NASA, the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, industry, and academia. In cases of deployable booms, most of the investigation in recent years has focused on solid cross sections, because they can be constructed relatively easily. However, solid-section foam-filled booms can be much too heavy for some applications. In contrast, booms with annular cross sections according to the present innovation can be tailored to obtain desired combinations of stiffness and weight through choice of diameters, wall thicknesses, and foam densities. By far the most compelling advantage afforded by this innovation is the possibility of drastically reducing weights while retaining or increasing the stiffnesses, relative to comparable booms that have solid foamfilled cross sections. A typical boom according to this innovation includes inner and outer polyimide film sleeves to contain foam that is injected between them during deployment.


Abstract Phospholipase C (PLC) is an essential isozyme involved in the phosphoinositide signalling pathway, which maintains cellular homeostasis. Gain- and loss-of-function mutations in PLC affect enzymatic activity and are therefore associated with several disorders. Alternative splicing variants of PLC can interfere with complex signalling networks associated with oncogenic transformation and other diseases, including brain disorders. Cells and tissues with various mutations in PLC contribute different phosphoinositide signalling pathways and disease progression, however, identifying cryptic mutations in PLC remains challenging. Herein, we review both the mechanisms underlying PLC regulation of the phosphoinositide signalling pathway and the genetic variation of PLC in several brain disorders. In addition, we discuss the present challenges associated with the potential of deep-learning-based analysis for the identification of PLC mutations in brain disorders.


Two hundred and forty‐eight consecutively recruited patients attending a general psychiatry clinic with a wide variety of psychiatric disorders were treated with fluoxetine for a minimum of 3 months. Fluoxetine was shown to be effective and well‐tolerated in a number of conditions of which only 57 per cent were major depressive disorder. Specific conditions and/or the presence of co‐morbid conditions believed to be due to underlying disturbances inserotonin metabolism were associated with a significantly enhanced response. In contrast, significantly more patients who didnot have such morbidity or co‐morbidity appeared to be madeworse by treatment with fluoxetine. The implications of this for clinical practice are discussed.


and field effect transistorSo A functional diagram of the apparatus is shown in Fig. 1. Sinusoidal waveo having a frequency of 2 kHz are produced by a RC generator (unit No. 5), eonstrueted on the ba~~is of an operational amplffier. The phasing RC circuit, assembled from a Wynn bridge circuit, ereates positive feedback to the noninverting input, while the inverting input of the amplifier is closed by a negative feedback, the circuit of which includes the resistance of the ehannel of a field transistor. The generator output voltage, which reaches the gate of the field transistor via a detecting circuit, controls the resistance of the ehannel. In this way an automatic ehange in depth of negative feedback is effeeted, whieh determines a high stability of the generator output voltage.


ABSTRACT The phytopathogen Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii DC283 causes Stewart's wilt disease in corn after transmission from the corn flea beetle insect vector. Here, we report that the complete annotated genome of P. stewartii DC283 has been fully assembled into one circular chromosome, 10 circular plasmids, and one linear phage.


In humans, the b-globin cluster contains fetal gand g-globin and adult dandb-globin genes. Around the timeof birth, fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is almost completely replaced by adult hemoglobin (HbA) containing 2 b-globin chains. Based upon this developmental transition in hemoglobin production, mutations in the b-globin gene locus can cause a variety of hemoglobinopathies including sickle cell disease and b-thalassemia. One longstanding goal for developing treatments for these b-hemoglobinopathies is the reactivation and increased expression of HbF in adult erythroid cells. Therefore, considerable research effort has been focused upon understanding the mechanisms that underlie g-globin gene repression during the developmental switch between HbF and HbA that could suggest new therapeutic approaches for these diseases. Expression of b-globin genes is regulated by physical interactions betweengenepromoters and the locus control region (LCR)enhancer. Experiments using RNA interference have shown that this interaction is facilitated by the LDB1/LMO2/GATA-1/TAL1 erythroid-specific protein complex (LDB1 complex). The LDB1 complex occupies the LCR and the b-globin gene promoter and provides chromatin loop formation between them through interaction between LDB1 homodimerization domains. Mouseb-globingenes are also regulatedby theG9a/EHMT2H3K9 histone methyltransferase. G9a contains a SET domain responsible for histone H3K9 monoand di-methylation associated with repression of gene expression. Interestingly, recent observations support the view that G9a can play a role in activation of gene expression independently from its repressive methyltransferase activity. In human cells, G9a functions as a stable heteromeric complex with a related protein, GLP (EHMT1). UNC0638 specifically inhibits methyltransferase activity of G9a and GLP, causing a strong decrease in bulk H3K9me2 and reactivation of G9a-silenced genes in mouse embryonic stem cells. UNC0638 treatment of CD34 hematopoietic progenitor cells delayed adoption of differentiated phenotypes, suggesting an important role for G9a in lineage specification. Moreover, brief treatment of these cells with UNC0638 activated fetal g-globin genes in parallel with repression of adult dand b-globin genes, reversing the normal sequence of events that occurs late in erythroid differentiation. The mechanistic role of G9a in epigenetic regulation of the b-globin locus remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of G9a in silencing fetal g-globin genes and activation of adult dand b-globin genes during ex vivo differentiation of CD34 adult hematopoietic progenitor cells.We found thatUNC0638 treatment acts primarily upon erythroblasts as they acquire a glycophorin A positive (GPA) phenotype in response to erythropoietin, and we show that G9a is directly involved in epigenetic repression of the human g-globin genes.


One of the problems with large-scale scientific computation using distributed computing systems is that if one processor is compromised, the whole computational result cannot be trusted, then the computational process has to be started all over again. For large scale computation, this can be very costly and time consuming. Based on our previously developed multiple P-adic rational number system, an efficient proactive self-defense algorithm for large matrix computation on distributed, high-performance computing (HPC) system is presented using multiple P-adic data structure to enable the computation process to detect data being compromised and still deliver the correct results. Experimental results are given to demonstrate the ideas.


Mutual funds have experienced phenomenal growth in recent years. There are many reasons behind this development. Most important, mutual funds offer investors an opportunity to diversify their investment, a privilege which, up until very recently, was available only to large and institutional investors. Frequently firms selling mutual funds try to appeal to potential investors by advertising their three-year, five-year and even ten-year rates of return. To mutual fund investors, this sort of advertisement can be quite misleading. The period averages of this type mask the peaks and valleys in performance. A fund's unit price, for instance, can quadruple in one year only to be followed by several years of marginal or even negative growth. Even in a situation like this, the fund can enjoy an exceptionally high period average. A more realistic picture of the fund's performance is given by its year-to-year performance. This is not all, mutual fund firms very often claim to have scored better than others in the business. Some even go to the extent of claiming that they have outperformed the market. Not surprisingly, as the mutual fund business becomes more competitive, claims of superior performance are increasingly being made to attract clients. Notwithstanding the advantages of investing in mutual funds, claims of superior performance go counter to the efficient market hypothesis.1 According to this hypothesis, prices always fully reflect the intrinsic value of the underlying assets. Since each agent has ready access to all relevant information, no agent can do better than others in picking winners or predicting the market. A version of this efficient market hypothesis is contained in the theory of the random walks.2 The random walks theory recognizes that neither information gathering nor information processing is a perfect science. Thus, at any given point in time, price may diverge from the intrinsic value of an asset. But, because of randomness in the behaviour of prices, no agent can systematically benefit from following any rule or strategy. It also means that competition will ultimately equalize the marginal benefit of security research or stockpicking and the marginal cost of the research.3 One implication of an efficient market is that firms should pay less attention to analyzing securities or guessing the market and more to reducing the transaction costs and improving the service. The main objective of this article is to statistically test the validity of the claim of superior performance by the mutual fund firms. For reasons explained later, we have limited our analysis to funds specializing in Canadian equities. Since claims of superior performance are almost always made on the grounds of superior management, a one-factor analysis of variance has been chosen as the appropriate methodology. Section one presents some basic statistics pertaining to Canadian equity funds. The results of the analysis of variance tests are given in section two. Section three concludes.


In this paper we present a short term forecasting framework for stock markets based on Artificial Neural Networks. We are interested in predicting future trends of stock markets (Up, Down and Unchanged) in the very short term (10 to 60 minutes ahead). We present a framework to efficiently implement different ANN architectures namely Multi-Layers Perceptron (MLP) and the Long Short- Term Memory (LSTM). This framework involves the use of intraday prices data (tick-by-tick data) and a selection of technical indicators as input variables and fixes the issues related to the imbalanced target classes and the non-regularly spaced input data.We conduct different experimentations within the proposed framework on data from the Moroccan stock market.


The sixth edition of this wellknown textbook contributes significantly to clinical dermatology and represents a major effort by one author to catalogue and discuss approximately 1,400 skin diseases. It is considerably changed, enlarged, and improved over the fifth edition published in 1963. Most impressive are the numerous black and white photographs of excellent quality (899 of which are new to the text), which will aid both novice and experienced dermatologists in disease identification. Accompanying descriptions of diseases vary significantly in quality and detail. Major ailments are generally well covered, although sometimes burdened by ponderous detail and archaic descriptive terminology. Minor conditions and syndromes are often reduced to barest essentials necessary for identification. All diseases are expanded by plentiful references, current to 1969, which are listed by subject at the end of each chapter. Careful and complete indexing aids rapid identification. Organization of the book follows the format of earlier editions,


Surgery is an integral discipline of medical sciences that constitutes direct physical intervention on body tissues. Surgery has its roots in Ayurveda and Sushruta Samhita is the representative treatise of Indian School of Surgery (Shalya Tantra) by Acharya Sushruta. Sushruta is the revered father of anatomy, Indian surgery and designated first plastic surgeon of the world owing to his remarkable contribution. Principles of surgery laid down by Sushruta inhabit authentic basis and applicability in modern times as well.


William Lewis Bush, M.D., FAAP, is one of many AAP Fellows who takes residents under his wing.

"They mirror us for two months, even taking weekend and telephone calls," said Dr. Bush, who practices in Grand Rapids, Mich. "They get to know what an office experience is like before they make


Air embolism can be a potentially fatal complication of surgical procedures when air or sub-atmospheric is introduced under pressure into a body cavity. For the diagnosis and the treatment of air embolism quickly and efficiently, we have developed the air detector using microstructure capacitive sensor. The sensor consists of micro-channel on Pyrex 7740 glass with upper and lower electrodes which function as a capacitor. For air sensing, we designed air detection system with air control equipment, capacitance-tofrequency (C-F) signal processing and conversion circuit and LabVIEW monitoring system. In experiments with the system, the proposed system showed a frequency difference depending on the amount of air in the micro-channel of the sensor.


The U.S. Supreme Court is not a self-starting institution; it must wait for issues to come to it before deciding them. The Court's certiorari process is, however, a powerful device that provides justices with full discretion over cases they hear and which individual questions within those cases they will decide. Thus, while the justices often grant cert. on the questions presented by the litigants, they sometimes limit the questions they will consider and, in rare cases, order the parties to brief completely separate issues. When this happens, there may be justices who would rather decide the case on issues that were suppressed. Here we seek to determine the factors that may lead justices to resuscitate such issues and how they go about doing so. In particular, we posit oral arguments provide justices with a unique forum to take this tack. To test this assertion we examine all cases from the 2002 to 2010 terms that contain issues suppressed during the cert. stage. We then analyze whether justices attempt to resuscitate these \dead" issues at oral argument and oer several explanations for why they


The scope of this article is restricted to an elucidation of argument. I wish at once to admit the limitations of that approach: I consider Mr. Eliot's poems to be essentially what the title indicates-four quartets. An adequate reading of them should, accordingly, occasion an experience like that of listening to a type of chamber music. Persons who know Beethoven's last quartets—the musical works perhaps most nearly, analogous to these poems—speak of being mindful of related passages in the others whenever any single one is being performed. In a similar way I believe that each of Eliot's poems when read with the necessary information and alertness of sensibility will be perceived to have four voices, one heard and three unheard: each poetical statement has three judges as the reader recalls the structural parallels and recurrent ideas of all the poems.


This writing is going to talk about propose for robot research. It is concerned with the Introduction, Propose development, Quick and dirty challenge, Research method in the future, and Study direction. Introduction is a presentation of intention and basal information from robots such as concept. And it described the area that was included data of different categories of robot. It also described researcher proposes in semesters 1, which are most important things in this writing. Propose development is an emphasis, with different research process, of primary propose and testing for people. It will introduce the reason of propose. And then some testing will be achieved in this part, which helps reader understand people's thinking about robot. The very interesting thing is dreamy robot testing. Quick and dirty challenge is practice work in the end of semester 1. This challenge request researcher creates 3D object which is playful and movement, without using text. Research method in the future is describing two methods. The methods include design research such as observational research and interview. Study direction will show the direction of study such as planning. This part also deals with the future work.


Polyazomethine (PAM) of polycondensation reaction of terephthalaldehyde (TPA) with 1,6-Hexanediamine (1,6-HAD) and its composites with e-caprolactam, which was later polymerized, were prepared through an in-situ process. The effect of PAM chain ends on the polymerization of e-caprolactam was observed obviously and the reasons were clarified by means of FT-IR spectra. Furthermore, the mechanical properties, crystallization of monomer casting nylon, the molecule weight of PAM were characterized with varying the molar ratios of aldehyde/amine. It is indicated that the PAM/MC nylon composites with expected properties could be readily synthesized from above experiments.


The invention relates to an industrial infrared heating device. A shell is in a split-type structure, all parts of the shell are sequentially connected end to end into a whole and coated on the whole feed barrel, a plurality of axially distributed air-guiding cavities are arranged on the peripheral inner wall of the shell along the circumferential direction, an infrared illuminator is embedded in each air-guiding cavity and provided with an axially distributed infrared lighting tube, a lead is embedded in the shell, one end of the lead is connected with the infrared illuminator, the other end of the lead is connected with a temperature controller, a temperature-testing element is radially inserted in the shell and connected with the temperature controller by the lead, and air-guiding holes are radially arranged on the shell and respectively communicated with the air-guiding cavities. The shell is made of ceramic fiber material to effectively improve the heat insulation effect, provided with the air-guiding holes and the air-guiding cavities to accurately control a set temperature and internally embedded with the lead and the infrared lighting tubes to have better energy-saving effect and strong equipment generalization.


Geochemistry behavior and character of Sr isotope were mainly introduced in this paper. Based on the trait of sedimentary environment, the character of Sr isotope of Paleogene of Dongpu depression was analyzed. The results have indicated the value of 87 Sr/? 86 Sr are generally higher and exceed the marine. So the paper concluded the Dongpu saline is a continental lake and the content of 87 Sr/? 86 Sr are mainly controlled by the silicon aluminium rock whose 87 Sr/? 86 Sr(0.720±0.005)is very high. At the same time, the climate of Paleogene of this area was also analyzed in this paper, which indicated it was the half drought and half humid climate from E 上 4 to Es 上 3 and it got more drought from Es 上 3 to Es 1.


The background of this research is the low numeracy skills of students in solving problem-solving questions, the less attractive learning media used by the teacher and in the learning process, and the teacher's need to use the appropriate model/strategy in the learning process. This study aims to describe the implementation of the Polya Strategy assisted by concrete media to improve numeracy and student learning outcomes. Classroom Action Research (PTK) uses a model developed by Ernest T. Stranger, carried out during II actions. Each action has 3 stages, namely Look, Think, and Act. Researchers researched fifth-grade students at SD Pangudi Luhur Ambarawa with 37 students. This study's data collection techniques included interviews, observation, evaluation tests and documentation. The enumeration results of class V students at SD Pangudi Luhur Ambarawa in action I with a class average value of 70%, while action II achieved a class average of 86%. The learning outcomes of students in Action I with a class average value of 68%, while in Action II achieved a class average value of 80%.


Scientism has been the main orientation in curriculum research in the United States . At the same time, humanism plays an important remedial role. Scientism promotes the use of quantitative method while humanism pushes forward qualitative methods in curriculum research. Only study with a cultural perspective can we grasp the essence of the methodological traditions in curriculum research in the United States .


The seeds were treated with various concentrations of glyphosate, from 100 to 1600 ppm for 24 hrs. The germination percentage decreased with the increase in concentration of glyphosate. Similarly, the lengths of radicles and hypocotyls were also decreases in proportion to increase in concentrationof the herbicide. The radicles were more susceptible to herbicide than hypocotyls. In addition, there was suppression of lateral root formation and depletion of chlorophyll in cotyledons in glyphosate treated seedlings. The lethal dose for glyphosate was 1600 ppm


In Qing Dynasty,Zhaoyi pointed out 4 men could shoot an arrow to a stone and the arrow all into the stone,but ancient documentations' record isn't correct.In Chu State,Xiongqu and Yangyouji was these shooters really,Liguang and Liyuan were only shoot an arrow to a stone and the arrowhead into the stone.This paper's purport there is 4 points:1.Rationalizing documentations;2.Except for a possibility,"Shooting an arrow to a stone and into it" isn't possible;3."Shooting an arrow to a stone and the arrowhead into the stone" there is big possibility;4."Shooting an arrow to a stone and into it" just is probably "shooting an arrow to a stone and the arrowhead into the stone".


WITH THE AID OF A SPECIAL TEST BED, SYSTEMATIC STUDIES WERE CARRIED OUT TO DETERMINE THE DYNAMIC TYRE SPRING STIFFNESS AND THE TYRE DAMPING AS FUNCTIONS OF THE ROLLING VELOCITY AND THE "STROKE" FREQUENCY. THE FOLLOWING RESULTS WERE OBTAINED: THE CURVES FOR RADIAL TYRES SHOW LESS DEPENDENCE ON THE ROLLING VELOCITY, INTERNAL PRESSURE AND BASIC LOAD. IN DYNAMIC SPRINGING THE TYRE BECOMES HARDENED TO A DEGREE WHICH DEPENDS ON THE FREQUENCY AND SPEED. THE HARDENING IS GREATER THE HIGHER THE STROKE VELOCITY IN COMPARISON TO THE ROLLING SPEED. RADIAL TYRES WITH A SMALL H/B RATIO SHOW CLEARLY A HIGHER DYNAMIC SPRING STIFFNESS THAN THOSE WITH A LARGER H/B RATIO. THE DAMPING COEFFICIENT OF A ROLLING TYRE DEPENDS SUBSTANTIALLY ON THE ROLLING SPEED AND ON THE STROKE FREQUENCY. THE CURVES OF THE COEFFICIENT ARE MORE OR LESS HYPERBOLIC IN FORM AT LOW SPEEDS. WITH INCREASING SPEED BUT WITH A CONSTANT STROKE FREQUENCY, THE CURVE AT FIRST FALLS SHARPLY AND THEN FLATTENS OUT. WITH CROSS-PLY TYRES, THE VALUE AGAIN RISES AT HIGH SPEEDS. IN PARTICULAR, AN INCREASE IN THE SPRING STIFFNESS OR A REDUCTION OF THE DAMPING LEADS TO AN INCREASE IN THE DYNAMIC WHEEL LOAD IN THE REGION OF THE NATURAL FREQUENCY OF THE AXLES. THIS MEANS THAT DRIVING SAFETY IS IMPROVED BY TYRES WITH A SMALLER DYNAMIC SPRING STIFFNESS.


S OF PAPERS ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION _ _ Bilateral Pseudocysts of the Auricle in a Female Santos VB, Polisar IA, Rufiy ML Bilateral pseudocysts of the auricle have been described in a 20-year-old Puerto Rican female. No definite etiology has been established for this clinical entity a t the present time. Biopsy of the anterior wall of the cyst from our patient showed histologic characteristics similar to those described by Engel. Combined technique using curettage, painting the inner surface of the cyst wall with 1% tincture of iodine and application of contour pressure dressings for several days resulted in uneventful healing in two weeks and restoration of the normal appearance of the auricles. Unusual Ciliated Cell Group in the Utricle of a Cat Hoshino T, blatsumoto K Using a scanning electron microscope, a group of ciliated cells was found in the area of the utricular macula of an adult cat. A cross section of the same specimen viewed with a transmission electron microscope revealed that the hairs observed had the characteristic inner structure of true cilia. As the same cell group was not found in either the contralateral ear of the same cat or in any of three other cats examined, the presence of these ciliated cells seems to be exceptional. Glomus Jugulare Tumors 11. A Clinicopathologic Analysis of the Effects of Radiotherapy Spector GI, Maisel RH, Oguru JH Radiotherapy is an often used treatment in glomus tumors of the middle ear. Histologic evidence revealing nonuniform radiotherapeutic effect on tumor vessels is shown. The reticular tumor stroma is replaced by collagen. The chief cells demonstrate little change. The results in 19 radiated patients demonstrate that radiation eliminated the tumor in 20% of the cases. Radiation followed by surgery was more successful in tumor eradication than surgery followed by radiation. Surgical Correction of Dysphagia Due to Cervical Oaeophytes Saffouri MH, Ward PH Dysphagia, hoarseness, cough and the sensation of a mass in the throat can be presenting symptoms of large cervical osteophytes encroaching upon the esophageal lumen. In only seven patients in a series of 116 with cervical exostosis was dysphagia recorded as a symptom. These bony protrusions may be the cause of the dysphagia, but before this can be firmly established, other conditions such as benign and malignant tumors of the larynx, hypopharynx and upper cervical eso hagus, caustic strictures, Plummer-Vinson Syndrome and diverticula must be rufed out. For treatment purposes, osteophytes may be classified into those involving the upper (C-2,3,4) and lower (C-5,6,7) cervical s ine. Previous surgical removal has been accomplished by an external laterafneck approach. A direct transoral operation which facilitates removal of the upper cervical masses is described.


Nowadays, Vehicular ad hoc Network as a special class of Mobile ad hoc Network(MANET), provides plenty of services. However, it also brings the privacy protection issues, and there are conflicts between the privacy protection and the services. In this paper, we will propose a privacy protection algorithm based on group signature including two parts, group signature based anonymous verification and batch verification. The anonymous verification is based on the network model we proposed, which can reduce the trust authority burden by dividing the roadside units into different levels, and the batch verification can reduce the time of message verification in one group. We also prove our algorithm can satisfy the demand of privacy protection. Finally, the simulation shows that the algorithm we proposed is better than the BBS on the length of the signature, time delay and packet loss rate.


Subnanometer nanowires (SNWs) refer to nanowires with diameters close to the size of a single crystal cell. SNWs show not only qualitative change in nature compared to the bulk materials or nanomaterials with larger size but also show several advantages in assembly and processing due to their polymer‐analog properties. However, the synthesis of SNWs is still a great challenge. Herein, a synthesis method of SNWs assisted by polyoxometalates is developed. Based on this method, several kinds of SNWs are prepared successfully, and the properties of the SNWs can be regulated efficiently and effectively, demonstrating the extensibility of this synthesis method. Among these SNWs, Bi2O3–PMoO SNWs show good photothermal conversion performance and can be processed into freestanding and flexible films through the wet‐spinning method. The Bi2O3–PMoO SNW films show good performance in solar steam generation and seawater desalination. The average stable evaporation rate can reach 1.38 kg m−2 h−1, and the efficiency is ≈91.1% under 1 sun illumination. The concentration of ions in the desalted seawater with the Bi2O3–PMoO SNWs film are reduced by four orders of magnitude, meeting the quality standards of drinking water and potential for practical utilization of solar energy in the seawater desalination.


4145 Background: Transcriptional profiling of pancreatic cancers (PC) has defined classical and basal subtypes; basal tumors have worse outcomes. Mesenchymal (MES) and neural-like progenitor (NRP) subtypes are increasingly recognized and enriched post-therapy. Initial data suggests worse outcomes to FOLFIRINOX (FFX) compared with gemcitabine nab-Paclitaxel (GnP) in basal tumors. Several clinical trials are ongoing to investigate this. Here, we examined the clinical implications of transcriptional subtypes in a large, real-world dataset. Methods: Retrospective IRB exempt, deidentified data was examined from NextGen DNA and RNA sequencing performed on PCs at Caris Life Sciences (Phoenix, AZ). Classical and basal cell states were identified using RNA-seq and the PurIST algorithm in a genomic cohort or GATA6 and KRT5 expression levels in a clinical cohort. Tumor microenvironment immune cell composition on RNA seq was performed using QuantiSeq. Survival was obtained from insurance claims data and calculated from first treatment date to last known contact. Kaplan-Meier estimates were calculated for patient cohorts. P values were adjusted using Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Results: A total of 7,250 PCs were profiled in the genomic cohort. 3,063 tumors (42.2%) were strongly classical (SC), 2,015 tumors (27.8%) were strongly basal (SB) and the remaining had mixed phenotypes. MES and NRP marker genes were significantly co-expressed with each other, with basal genes, and anti-correlated with classical genes. When compared to SC, SB had significantly higher mutation rates in KRAS (93% vs. 88%), TP53 (83% vs. 72%) and ARID1A (12% vs. 8%), whereas SMAD4 (23% vs. 17%) mutations were more common in SC (all q < 0.05). There were no differences in mutation rates in homologous recombination or mismatch repair genes. SB had a significantly higher fraction of M1 macrophages (fold change [FC]: 1.14) and neutrophils (FC 1.16), whereas SC tumors had higher M2 macrophages (FC 1.18), NK (FC 1.2), and dendritic cells. Overall proportions of CD4/8 T cells were low and not different. Interestingly, SB had higher levels of PD-L1 by IHC (4.8% vs. 35%) and higher expression of immune exhaustion genes including CTLA4 (FC 1.19), TIM3 (FC 1.22) and PD-1 (FC 1.43) (all q < 0.05). The clinical cohort had 1,623 patients. Basal tumors had an inferior survival (median survival: 8.2 months (mo) vs 13.3 mo (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.67, p < 0.00001)) and showed a significant improvement in outcomes when treated with upfront FFX vs GnP (n = 80 vs 90, Median: 15.8 vs 7.4 mos., HR 0.68, p = 0.021). This difference between FFX vs GnP was less pronounced in classical tumors (n = 70 vs 89, Median: 17.3 vs 15.4 mos, HR 0.70, p = 0.049). Conclusions: Our work represents the largest known real world molecular comparison of transcriptional subtypes of PC. Differential outcomes for patients with basal tumors treated with FFX versus GnP warrants further investigation in prospective studies.


Abstract Direct-contact heat transfer between two immiscible liquids in turbulent pipe flow is studied under non-boiling conditions. The salt water and BP-Transcal 65 heat transfer oil are used as immiscible liquids. The diameter and the length of the pipe are 1.33 cm. and 304 cm., respectively. The effects of oil volume fraction, inlet salt water concentration, average liquid velocity, inlet oil temperature and pipe length on the over-all volumetric heat transfer coefficient are investigated.


Hyperspectral imagery (HSI) is now in use for a wide range of applications such as land cover classification, climate change studies and environmental monitoring; however, the acquisition of HSI is still costly, and the curse of dimensionality i.e. the phenomenon that the amount of required training samples increases exponentially as the dimensionality increases linearly, makes it difficult to exploit the full potential of machine learning in HSI classification. To resolve the problem, we propose a novel framework for spatial-spectral HSI classification in this article. A soft support vector machine (SVM) and a probabilistic joint sparsity model (JSM) are proposed to compute a posteriori probabilities of the test pixels, respectively; and the probability scores are then fused by a linear opinion pool. Furthermore, a Markov random field (MRF) model is used as a maximum a posteriori (MAP) segmentation method for further regularization of the neighbor information to derive the labels for pixels. Extensive experiments conducted on three commonly-used benchmarking data sets show that the proposed probabilistic fusion method outperforms a number of well-known spatial-spectral HSI classification techniques.


Robert J. Bracewell, Carmen Sicilia, Jonghwi Park, and I-Pei Tung McGill University Montreal, Canada The objective of our research is to examine the problem of achieving wide-spread and effective use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) by K-12 teachers in their instructional practice. Despite increased access to ICTs in both classroom and home environments in the past decade, and increased support and opportunity for relevant professional development, the use of ICTs in instruction remains either infrequent or at a minimal level of drill-and-practice activities for a majority of teachers (Becker & Riel, 2000; Cuban, Kirkpatrick, & Peck, 2001; Ertmer, 2005; U.S. Department of Education, 2003). In analyzing this problem, our claim is that the recent achievement of ready access to large amounts of information, near-instant communication inside and outside the classroom, and professional-looking text and graphics output through the use of ICTs in schools brings to the forefront a looming crisis over the implementation of constructivist instruction in the classroom (Windschitl, 2002). The principal reason for this crisis is the tension between traditional instructional approaches that assume a receptive role by students and the productive capabilities of ICTs that invite a much more initiating and participatory role by students. In this effect, ICTs can be regarded as a catalyst. And just as a catalyst in a chemical reaction accelerates the process but is not otherwise involved, we can expect that the further provision of ICTs capability and support in schools will increase the tension but will not resolve the crisis. Although ICTs will play a part, its resolution will be found in other areas and by other means. We make the above claim based largely on our experience over the past decade in classrooms that have been well equipped with ICTs, and have adequate and in some cases substantial technical and pedagogical support and training for the use of ICTs in instruction. In spite of these near optimal conditions, effective and advanced use of ICTs for instruction has stalled, with best practices confined to early adopters, and the majority of ICT use being to support traditional teaching activities. In these classrooms the reluctance of most staff to make advanced use of ICTs cannot reasonably be attributed a lack of equipment, or inadequate maintenance, or lack of professional development opportunities, or even a lack of time. Rather, the reluctance appears to be related to fundamental contradictions between more traditional beliefs and practices about instruction (and, indeed, about the fundamental goals of education) and the types of


Chondroid skull base tumors are a rare and little studied pathology; many problems of their classification, diagnosis and treatment remain to be solved. This group of neoplasms is referred to as bone tumors arising from the cartilaginous tissue of the skull base bones, particularly from the bones formed during chondral osteogenesis. The paper details the clinical picture, X-ray and morphological diagnosis of chondroid tumors. Particular attention is given to surgery and radiotherapy for this category of tumors.


U.S. courts are increasingly faced with resolving a fundamental conflict between the liberal scope of U.S. discovery and sovereign promises that certain information or evidence would remain confidential. Samuel R. Miller, Kristina Nordlander, & James C. Owens, Sidley Austin


Background: increasing number of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to antimicrobial medicine makes traditional medicine commonly used. Previous research which investigate langsat seed infuse effect to Salmonella typhi shows negative result, so that research is continued by replacing the langsat seed infuse to crude extract. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate secondary metabolite and antibacterial activity of ethanol 96% extract and n-Hexane extract of Lansium domesticum Corr. seed through Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) measurement. Method: this research was an experimental study with complete randomized design and posttest only control group design. Phytochemical screening performed by test tube method. Antibacterial activity test determined by tube dilution method in 100%; 50%; 25%; 12,5%; 6,25%; 3,125%; 1,56%; 0,78%; 0,39%; and 0,19% concentrations. Positive control contained bacterial suspension and agar medium, negative control contained extract dilution and agar medium, and solvent control contained tween 20 solution, bacterial suspension and agar medium. Results: Secondary metabolite content of ethanol 96% extract of Lansium domesticum Corr. were alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, and terpenoids. Secondary metabolite content of n-hexane extract of Lansium domesticum Corr. were saponins, and terpenoids. MIC of ethanol 96% extract and n-hexane extract could not be measured because of turbidity which caused by tween 20 solution. MBC of ethanol 96% extract obtained in 100% concentration, while MBC of n-hexane extract in 100% and 50% concentration. Conclusion: Crude extracts of Lansium domesticum Corr. seed has antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus. Keywords: Antibacterial, Crude extracts of Lansium domesticum Corr., Staphylococcus aureus, 1) Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanjungpura Pontianak, West Kalimantan. 2) Biology Departement, Mathematic and Science Faculty, University of Tanjungpura Pontianak, West Kalimantan. 3) Pharmacology Departement, Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanjungpura Pontianak, West Kalimantan.


The transplantation model used in this study employed Dark Agouti (DA) to Brown Norway (BN) rat pairs. Transplant recipients received a bi-ventricular working heart and lung graft transplanted into the abdomen. Animals received liposomal-clodronate intravenously one day before transplantation surgery, on post-operative day (POD) 3 at the onset of rejection, and on POD 6. Iron oxide-based contrast agents, either USPIO or MPIO, were given intravenously on POD 4 at 4.5 mg/kg body weight, while serial in vivo imaging was performed at 7 Tesla on days 4 through 7. We used T2*-weighted imaging to detect immune-cell infiltration at sites of rejection by monitoring the accumulation of the iron oxide-labeled cells, while simultaneously using cardiac cine-tagging and strain analysis to detect regional myocardial function loss resulting from rejection [2]. Organs were harvested on POD 7 and imaged at high resolution at 11.7 Tesla before undergoing histopathological examination. RESULTS


In this paper, we forecast cumulative production for stimulated gas wells using a combination of fast-to-implement modeling methodologies, including polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) and Gaussian processes (GP) proxy models coupled with populations of phenomenological models (POMs). These modeling techniques allow for a reduction in forecast uncertainty and are shown to be effective techniques for extrapolating early time data for stimulated well production from a field of wells in the Surat Basin, Queensland, Australia. The proposed techniques strategically capture and capitalize on production trends across an entire gas field, even in the presence of early production transients. We demonstrate that learning cycles can be shortened, leading to reasonable forecasts, as well as meaningful and actionable insights.


Objective: Valproate (VPA) is widely prescribed for the treatment of various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. This study aimed to determine the effect of VPA therapy, which was thought to have weight gain effect on nutritional status and some biochemical factors in children with epilepsy. Material and Methods: The study included 30 children and adolescents who received VPA monotherapy because of the diagnosis of epilepsy. Selected biochemical parameters before and 12 months after VPA treatment were recorded retrospectively from the patient files. VPA dose ranges from 11-40 mg/kg/day. VPA plasma levels were maintained within the therapeutic limits throughout the study. The anthropometric measurements of the patients were recorded in the WHO Anthro program for children aged 1-5 years and the WHO Anthro-Plus program for children aged 5-18 years. Results: The epilepsy age of the patients was determined as 48.85±38.16 months; and they have been receiving VPA therapy at a dose of 25.00±10.75 mg/kg/day for 18.95±6.02 months. While no difference was found in terms of hunger visual analogue scale (VAS) scores before and after treatment, VAS scores of appetite increased and satiety decreased (p<0.05). BMI-SDSs, fasting insulin (μIU/mL), HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) and triglyceride (mg/dL) levels increased after VPA treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion: As a result, it has been determined that VPA treatment can decrease satiety and increase appetite, cause weight gain, and affect some biochemical parameters negatively such as insulin and blood lipids.


In the last year, several moderately priced real-time image generators offering textured rendering have appeared on the market. These image generators provide an opportunity for more realistic IR image simulation by significantly increasing the level of detail of the simulated image with no degradation in real-time performance. As part of the development of a new imaging IR simulator, the authors have incorporated the texturing feature of their image generator with their thermal model to generate thermally accurate textured IR backgrounds. The textured thermal model uses a two-dimensional Markov process to generate a background temperature fluctuation map; this model has been proposed by several studies of thermal IR terrain measurements. The textured surfaces are processed through the radiance and sensor models to generate the simulated images.


Previously published in 1988 this revised compact dictionary gives coverage of modern German and English, offering a selection of useful words and expressions.


List of Figures Notes on Contributors Acknowledgements Abbreviations Marc D. Lauxtermann Introduction Section I The Age of Psellos 1. Paul Magdalino From 'encyclopaedism' to 'humanism': the turning point of Basil II and the millennium 2. Michael Jeffreys Michael Psellos and the eleventh century: a double helix of reception 3. Floris Bernard Authorial practices and competitive performance in the works of Michael Psellos 4. Jean-Claude Cheynet L'administration provinciale dans la correspondance de Michel Psellos Section II Social Structures 5. James Howard-Johnston The Peira and legal practices in eleventh-century Byzantium 6. Peter Sarris Beyond the great plains and the barren hills: rural landscapes and social structures in eleventh-century Byzantium 7. Tim Greenwood Aristakes Lastivertc'i and Armenian urban consciousness Section III State and Church 8. Mark Whittow The second fall: the place of the eleventh century in Roman history 9. Jonathan Shepard Storm clouds and a thunderclap: east-west tensions towards the mid-eleventh century 10. Dimitris Krallis Urbanite warriors: smoothing out tensions between soldiers and civilians in Attaleiates' encomium to Emperor Nikephoros III Botaneiates 11. Judith Ryder Leo of Chalcedon: conflicting ecclesiastical models in the Byzantine eleventh century 12. Peter Frankopan Re-interpreting the role of the family in Comnenian Byzantium: where blood is not thicker than water Section IV The Age of Spirituality 13. Dirk Krausmuller From competition to conformity: saints' lives, typika, and the Byzantine monastic discourse of the eleventh century 14. Barbara Crostini Eleventh-century monasticism between politics and spirituality 15. Georgi R. Parpulov The rise of devotional imagery in eleventh-century Byzantium Index


Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of nursing education on the opinion of students regarding organ donation and to offer suggestions according to the outcomes. Methods: The study design was a descriptive study. The sample of this study consisted of 743 voluntary grade 1 and 4 students in nursing schools of 5 universities, and 47.4% were grade 1 students and 53.6% were grade 4 students. The data were obtained via a questionnaire that had been prepared by the researchers in reference to the literature and based on expert opinion. The data obtained were evaluated electronically by descriptive statistics and a chi-square test. Results: It was determined that 82% of the students were willing to donate their organs. The leading causes for unwillingness to donate organs included preference to maintain body integrity, concerns about organ trafficking and the notion that the decision about their death would be rendered earlier because of organ removal. It was determined that the knowledge and sources of information of students regarding organ donation significantly increased in the course of nursing education (p=0.000). Conclusion: Nursing education positively affects the opinions of students regarding organ donation. The positive attitudes of the nurses of the future, who have an important role in public education, will positively affect their approach toward the patient with brain death, as well as the decision process of families for organ donation, and consequently may increase the rate of organ donation.


A method for transmitting media data in a multimedia system is provided. The method includes determining a transport packet header format and a transmission structure that are to be generated based on a transmission requirement of a multimedia service configured by the media data, generating a basic transmission unit of the media data based on the determined transport packet header format and the determined transmission structure, packetizing the media data into at least a packet based on the generated basic transmission unit, and transmitting the packetized media data.


We present a case study of three-dimensional inversion of a large set of transient audio magnetotelluric (~500 sites) data acquired in the Athabasca Basin of northern Saskatchewan as part of an uranium exploration program at Pasfield Lake along seven lines. Previous studies revealed a complex structural setting near the line extremities with a large conductive uplifted block in central portions of the lines. Previous 2D and 2.5D inversion of the AMT data have been carried out along the lines to capture the most salient shallow geological features. Here, we applied a full 3D inversion to recover the deep part of the geological structures. The preliminary inversion results reveal shallow features in better agreement with 3D potential field data than previously obtained.


We study mass-radius relations for compact stars employing an equation of state (EOS) of dense matter based on a Skyrme fluid. The zero-temperature mean-field model is based on mesonic excitations, incorporates the scale breaking of QCD, and accommodates baryons (nucleons) that arise as a solitonic configuration of mesonic fields. Stable configurations are obtained for central densities ρc/ρn ≤ 5.0, where ρn = 2.575 × 1014 g cm-3 is the nuclear saturation density. These "skyrmion stars" are mostly fluid, with a crust that we describe by the EOS of Baym, Pethick, & Sutherland. Their masses and radii are in the ranges 0.4 ≤ M/M☉ ≤ 3.6 and 13 km ≤ R ≤ 23 km, respectively. The minimum spin period is computed to be in the range 0.7 ms ≤ P ≤ 2.1 ms. They appear to have a mass-radius curve quite different from either neutron or quark stars and provide a suitable description of the heavier mass neutron stars discovered recently due to the inherently stiff EOS. Within the same model, we compute the dominant neutrino emissivity in neutron-rich β-equilibrated matter and determine the cooling behavior of skyrmion stars.


The article is devoted to the methodology for assessing the socio-political situation during the development of a plan by the commander and decision-making for a battle (combat operations). The list of service and combat tasks that are assigned to him and are carried out by subdivisions and units of the National Guard of Ukraine during participation in the operation of the Joint Forces, their analysis showed that the success of actions largely depends on the moral and psychological factor and discipline of the personnel. The personnel needs long-term psychological stability, readiness to use weapons and military equipment in various conditions of the situation, individual professional skills and the ability to make independent decisions with appropriate proposals for orders and instructions. The author's vision of the consistent work of staff officers and ones on work with the personnel in assessing the socio-political situation in the area of performance of service and combat missions by subdivisions and military units of the National Guard of Ukraine is formulated. According to the results of the study, the socio-political situation was determined as a set of socio-economic, domestic political, religious, historical and cultural conditions, interethnic (international) relations and other factors in a certain district (region) of the state for some time. The methodology for its assessment in the interests of the moral and psychological support of NGU subdivisions and military units during participation in the Joint Forces Operation is determined taking into account: basic assumptions and limitations; initial data; content of identifying and assessing the situation, the procedure for carrying out calculations; examples of solving typical tasks to identify and assess the socio-political situation in a certain district (region); it is carried out using a scale of tension level. Attention is focused on the problematic issues that arise at the present development stage of the state


Charge neutralisation of the cooling electron beam, e.g. by stationary ions produced from the residual gas, is desirable to compensate the space-charge induced velocity spread which tends to reduce the cooling force. However, it has been demonstrated by Parkhomchuk and collaborators (1993) that two-stream instabilities, especially transverse dipole modes, are a serious threat to the stability. In the present report we analyse stabilising mechanisms including Landau damping, external feedback and clearing of reflected electrons. Experimental results at LEAR (the Low Energy Antiproton Ring at CERN) are discussed in a companion paper at this conference.


This paper contains a brief description of the slag pelletizer and the external pressures which led to its development. Pelletized expanded slag is an improved lightweight aggregate for the concrete masonry market. When compared to the earlier lightweight slag aggregates, the improvement manifests itself by a 20% reduction in cement contents for equal compressive strength masonry units. In addition, the water absorption of the masonry is reduced, the green strength is increased, and the visual properties of color and texture are improved. Research work and field trials indicate that the latent hydraulic property of the slag is available in the manufacture of block and brick masonry to further reduce added cementitious binder contents and thereby conserve energy. This can be accomplished by partially grinding the slag at a block plant to produce a self-cementing aggregate. It was also shown that slag fines may be partially replaced or extended by silica flour under some conditions of use.


This study was started as a revision of the Malaysian species of Neckeropsis, but soon it proved to be necessary to include the species from the adjacent areas. The result was a revision covering all Asiatic and Pacific species. The material studied was obtained from the following herbaria (abbreviations according to Index Herbariorum I, ed. 4, 1959): BISH, BM, BO, BR, BRI, FH, G, GL, GRO, H, K, L, M, MEL, NICH, NSW, NY, PC, PNH, SAN, SING, US.


A nonlinear decision-based adaptive equalizer compatible with differentially coherent PSK is proposed for frequency selective fading channels. This equalization scheme is appropriate whenever conventional equalizers are not able to track channel phase variations. A nonlinear processor before the equalizer generates the needed nonlinear terms which are weighted and summed in the equalizer. Nonlinear intersymbol interference at the output of the differential demodulator is dealt with by minimizing an error signal between the output of the equalizer and the detected data. Our simulation results indicate that, for channels with spectral nulls, equalization will be achieved successfully with the proposed scheme, whereas linear equalizers, either with coherent or non-coherent detection, fail.


. Characteristical behaviour of decametric radiowave pro pagation for a minimun solar activity year from oblique ionospheric sounding data recorded for the path Moscow-Havana is described. Dctily variation curves of propagated frequencies for different seasons number of modes recorded at the receiving point are presented. Ma ximun observed frequencies are compared with predicted maximum us uab le f re q ue n ci es and t h e i n fl u e nc e o f g e o ph y s i c al c o n d i t i o n s at t he first reflection point on the propagation is evaluated.


The packaging process can increase the driving force for interfacial delamination and significantly impacts the reliability of the low k chip. In this study we investigated the packaging effect due to die attach process where a high thermal load occurs during solder reflow before underfilling. With the high thermal load and without the underfill, the chip‐package interaction is maximized and can become most detrimental to low k chip reliability. Both SiLK and MSQ dielectrics were investigated to examine the influence of low k properties on packaging reliability. In addition to different low k dielectrics, we investigated the effects due to the substrate material, die size and solder materials, including the lead‐free solder. The packaging effect was found to be higher for flip‐chip packages with lead‐free solder than the eutectic lead solder and the high lead solders. Flip‐chip packages with a ceramic substrate were found to have a smaller packaging effect than that with a plastic substrate. Increasing die size increases the crack driving force for low k interfacial delamination, as expected. Packaging effect was generally lower for the Cu/MSQ structure than for the Cu/SiLK structure, and the difference can be attributed to the higher Young's modulus of the MSQ material.


The time-domain vector fitting (TDVF) [1] was proven to be an extrapolation method which provides about a ten-fold lengthening of a recorded time-domain response and reducing Gribbs phenomenon due to the limited length of the response and its abrupt discontinuity. TDVF is the counterpart of the vector fitting (VF) [2] in the time domain (TD), but it is not popular as VF due to the fact that a technique for estimating the order of the rational function fit for TDVF is not available even though the accuracy of the model built by TDVF strongly depends on the choice of the order of the rational function fit. This paper introduces a new methodology toward an efficient and robust whole channel simulation using the TDVF algorithm which is equipped with a sound estimate for the order of the rational function fit. This method significantly reduces the computational resource, while enhances the model accuracy. As a validation study, TDVF equipped with the order estimation method was applied for modelling a socket component in multi-Gbps interconnects.


Mobile phone use by children and adolescents has increased considerably during the last 15 years. This has resulted in public concerns about possible adverse effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields generated by these devices. So far, the risk of brain tumors due to mobile phone use has not been addressed in this age group. CEFALO is an international case-control study examining the association between mobile phone use and the risk of brain tumors in children and adolescents. The study was conducted in Switzerland, Denmark, Norway and Sweden and the main results have been published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute in July 2011 (Aydin et al., JNCI, 2011).


.................................................................................................................................. 3 IMPACT STATEMENT .................................................................................................................. 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ 6 LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... 13 LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ 21 ABBREVIATIONS USED ............................................................................................................ 23 CHAPTER


IL N'Y A PAS DE SOT METIER," the saying goes. The validity of this proverb is called into question but finally confirmed as we thoughtfully examine the Parisian telephone directory officially known as Paris-Professions or the Pages Jaunes. The only reasonable conclusion is that each merchant or seller of a service weaves his own distinctive thread into the magnificently diverse fabric of French society. This document has been overlooked by teachers of French in search of insights concerning contemporary culture and linguistic traits, as well as the historical foundations of these features. I find, however, that this


Edited by Chris Seymour and Tanya Duke-Novakovski British Small Animal Veterinary Association, Gloucester, UK, 2007; ISBN 13 978 0 905213986; $149.99 softcover, 344 pp. As opposed to many textbooks on the subject of anesthesia/analgesia, the BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Anaesthesia and Analgesia (with its cover shown here) is very well organized in that only half of it is dedicated to the actual mechanics of these subjects (drugs with their dosages etc. that a textbook on this subject must present). The other half is devoted to specific recommendations/considerations of approach, grouped according to the type of surgery that is to be performed. These regimes are then justified with physiological and biochemical reasons for their choices. To me, this is a very novel and very refreshing approach to the subject of anesthesia and analgesia. The text is organized into 29 chapters, written by 31 contributing authors to this very well written book. The approach of all authors is not only to the physiological nature of the recommended choices of pharmacological agents and other adjuncts to provide "balanced anesthesia," but also to the concept of "anesthetic management" (which the chapter on fluid therapy addresses


In this paper, various physiological signals of humans were measured and analyzed to inference their psychological state and biological information, and Bio-Signal Context aware system (BSC), which recognizes the current context of its users as well as the information of exterior environment and offers the service appropriate for them, was designed and implemented. The BSC extracts and analyzes the features from bio-signals, such as the measured electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and galvanic skin response (GSR), with its different sensors, has the input of the analyzed results, and discriminates four psychological states of rest, concentration, tension and melancholy. In addition to the results of the discriminated psychological states, the information of biological condition analyzed from the user's bio-signals, for example, heart rate variability (HRV), Galvanic skin response (GSR) and body temperature, and the information of external environment related to the user's are collected to offer the service fit for the user's present biological condition by inferring and recognizing the user's present situation.


In this interview, Roberto Chiesi talks about the personal and professional relationship between Pier Paolo Pasolini and Federico Fellini. He describes their experience with neorealism and how each of them moved past it to develop an original and unique cinematographic style. He focuses
 on specific elements of their cinema, such as the importance of the oneiric dimension and their conception of the sacred. Chiesi explains the central role civic involvement had in the work of Pasolini; his last movie Salò o le 120 giornate di Sodoma (Salò, or the 120
 Days of Sodom) (Pasolini 1975) is centred on the dramatic process of degradation caused by the new consumeristic ideology. Fellini, instead, was primarily concerned with the corruptive vulgarity of the new commercial television. Highlighting the importance of Pasolini and Fellini's
 legacy, Chiesi concludes the interview by saying that the two artists had the foresight to imagine the dreadful long-term consequences the events of their time would produce, consequences we are experiencing in today's society.


Probiotics, an emerging field of research in oral microbiology and oral medicine but still in infancy. These dietary supplements are focused on stimulating health promoting flora thus, suppressing the pathologic colonization and disease spread. They have found their use for prevention or treatment of gastrointestinal infections and diseases. However, past few decades has seen role of probiotics from the oral health care. The aim of this review is to examine potential mechanisms of probiotic bacteria in the oral cavity and effects on oral health.


This paper examines the function and meaning of rivers, and other bodies of water, in Beckett's texts of the 1930s, concentrating in particular on . The specific use of rivers and by extension bridges as textual and structural devices in underlines the narrative's oscillations between movement and stasis, and prefigures Beckett's development of an aesthetic focusing on what the essay "Recent Irish Poetry" calls the "space that intervenes."


The article presents the results of the theoretical studies for the calculation of kinematic parameters of the spatial open multilink hinge mechanism – the ТУР-10 industrial robot. The design model is made and the formulae are presented to determine, by using the matrix method, the velocity and acceleration of the robot gripper center in moving and fixed coordinate systems, which are required for strength calculation and evaluation of the dynamic properties of the mechanism.


Although tattling is a common practice among young children, there is little systematic research about its socioemotional correlates. The current study focused on children's tattling between the ages of 5 and 7, assessing both their explicit attitudes toward tattling and their actual reporting of a transgression and relating them to individual differences in socioemotional competence and trait anxiety. Research Findings: About half of the children reported an adult's transgression freely or when generally prompted about the event, whereas the other half either reported only when confronted with a directly incriminatory question or completely concealed the adult's transgression. There was a minor congruence between the actual tattling behavior and children's explicit attitudes toward tattling (obligation to report a major transgression), measured via their reaction to a series of vignettes. A favorable attitude toward tattling was positively related to children's ability to recognize basic emotions and their external causes, yet it was negatively associated with the understanding of more complex components, such as the possibility of hiding an emotion. Moreover, tattling behavior was negatively related to understanding internally (belief-based) generated emotions and positively related to individual levels of anxiety. Practice or Policy: Educational practices should take into account individual differences in children's socioemotional development when relating to their tattling behaviors, preferably decreasing the amount of ambivalence a child experiences in this situation.


On the basis of the physical property of reservoir and the features of clay mineral in Huachi Oilfield ,the paper analyses the component of plugging material in Hua 152 tract.Through lab.test,the formulations of acidizing technology on retarded acid system which includes multivariate organic acid,fluorboric acid,and acidizing microemulsion are selected.Meanwhile,the paper evaluates the performance index of various formulations.The good effect is Obtained by field application.


Some young people are labelled more 'at-risk' of harming themselves through various behaviours, such as having sex, than others. However, such distinctions between young people are ambiguous, as youth itself is imagined as inherently risky. At-risk discourse has fuelled the existing links between youth and risk, and morality and risk. It has also impeded explanations of young people's sexual risk-taking. This article examines the stories that young rural Tasmanians (a group considered to be at sexual risk) tell about their experiences of safe and risky sex. A narrative analysis highlights the way that they perceive risk through the prism of self-identity. The participants' desire not to understand the self as a 'real' risk-taker inhibits them from imbuing their sex practices with significant risk. The findings suggest that sexual health research and safety promotion strategies may benefit from a shift away from at-risk rhetoric and a greater emphasis on the self-identity and risk perception nexus.


China has been assumed to have a homogenous population because the Han comprised 92% of total population. However 55 minorities comprised over 90 million in number. This study examined differences between the Han Uighurs Kazakhs and Hui which comprised nearly 97% of total Chinese population in 1990 in fertility behavior. The Uighurs and Kazakhs are Sunni Muslims who live mostly in Xinjiang province. Hui are also Sunni Muslims but more similar to the Han. In Xinjiang province total population was comprised in 1990 of 10% Hui 47% Uighurs and 38% Han. Xinjiang had high fertility in 1990. Fertility was found to be related to parity and son and daughter preference. Data were obtained from the 1990 census for Xinjiang Autonomous Region. Data were grouped into 5-year groups without adjustment for the known age heaping. Births were included for those occurring in the 12 months preceding the survey date. The results showed that age-specific fertility peaked at different ages among nationality groups. Only the Han were subject to fertility regulation. The total fertility rate (TFR) for the Han in Xinjiang was 1.4 children per woman which was lower by one child than for Chinas TFR. TFR for Uighurs was below-replacement level in urban areas and 4.77 in rural areas during 1989-90. TFR of rural Kazakhs was 4.38. In 1990 34% of Kazakhs 40% of Uighurs and 14% of Hui had a parity of 4 or more children. 13% of Uighurs 11% of Kazakhs and 3% of Hui had a parity of 7 or higher. Only 1% of Han had a parity of 4 or higher but 30% of births were a parity of 2 or higher. 97% of births occurred before the maternal age of 35 years. The Han were found to have a very high degree of fertility control; the urban Hui had a high degree of fertility control and the Uighurs and Kazakhs had low fertility control. For all groups the effect of having fewer sons was more evident at higher parities. Less educated women and rural women were more likely to have a second birth. Women with below a primary education were more likely to have an additional birth. The sex ratio at first birth was normal for all groups. For every group women who had no surviving sons among 3 or more daughters were very likely to have a male child in 1989-90. Uighurs and Han were more likely to have a male birth after 2 daughters and no sons. The high female sex ratios at birth were explained as related to adoption patterns. Models of marital fertility must take gender into account.