Abstract : LONG-TERM GOAL. My long term goal is to contribute to our understanding of the dynamics of physical ocean phenomena through detailed examination of the field data. Of particular interest to us is to learn from the field data analysis so that we can design future field experiments more effectively based on the past data. OBJECTIVES. Field data are all nonstationary, and ocean phenomena are most generated by nonlinear processes. To understanding this, we cannot use methods developed based on the linear and stationary assumptions. Our objectives here are to extract the characteristic time scales from field data to define the dynamics of the phenomena, so that we can separate the tidal components from the coastal field current data; study the coupling of the wind and current fields; calculate the statistics of the data for validation of model results; explore the utilization of the method to other coastal applications; and develop the method as a tool for design future field experiments. APPROACH. The tasks of this study are primarily on the data analysis methodology development. Once the methodology is developed, we will use the method to extract the characteristic time scales from field data to define the dynamics of the phenomena. In this step, we will separate the tidal scale from the non-stationary meteorological cycles. In this se-tided data set, we will study the coupling of the wind and current fields to establish the generation and relaxation of the wind induced current field. Then we will calculate the statistics of the data for validation of model results, and to explore the utilization of the method to other coastal applications. Finally, we will use the sum of this knowledge to define a methodology for future field experimental design based on limited data sets.


The thesis described the cultivation history of Phleum pratense in China.it also portrayed the botanic and biological characteristic,the nutrifioual value and the cultivation technologies of Phleum pratense,it all indicated that Phleum pratense is a valuable species in the grass production.


In Japan, where there is a bias toward English-only in foreign language education, there are also grassroots efforts to introduce greater plurality in the classroom. However, introducing diverse languages and cultures into the classroom can lead to folklorization, the delivering of essentialized information in pre-packaged formats, which can potentially delegitimize other languages and cultures. This contribution examines a collaborative integrative plurilingual STEAM practice at an elementary school in Western Japan. In the 'school lunches project,' the children experience various international cuisine, leading up to which they would engage with related languages and cultures through collaboratively produced plurilingual videos and museum-like exhibits of cultural artifacts. The interdisciplinary, hands-on, experiential learning within this project helped the children to develop an investigative stance toward linguistic and cultural artifacts, nurture a deeper awareness of languages and openness to diversity, foster reflexivity, and encourage interdisciplinary engagement.


Objective To investigate the indications and mid-term outcomes of periacetabular osteotomy through ilioinguinal approach for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in middle-aged (40-50years old) adult patients.Methods Data of 10 adult patients who had undergone periacetabular osteotomies through ilioinguinal approach for DDH from August 2005 to February 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 7 females and 3 males,aged from 40 to 47 years (average,42 years).Bilateral hips were involved in 3 patients,and unilateral hip was involved in 7 patients.Before this hospitalization,1 patient had received Chari osteotomy,and 1 had received hip-shelf procedure.According to the T(o)nnis classification,3 hips were classified as Grade 0,5 as Grade Ⅰ and 2 as Grade Ⅱ.The Shenton line was discontinuous in 6 hips.The average lateral center-edge angle was 3.50°±4.88°; the average anterior center-edge angle was 1.80°±5.07°; the average acetabular index angle was 18.20°±3.01°; the average femoral head extrusion index was 31.30%±4.37%; the average Harris hip score was 67.40±7.75.Changes of the indexes mentioned above were observed during the whole period of follow-up.Results All patients were followed up for 10 to 76 months (average,37 months).The T(o)nnis grade improved in 2 cases,from preoperative Grade Ⅰ and Grade Ⅱ to Grade 0 and Grade Ⅰ at final follow-up,respectively.At final follow-up,the Shenton line was discontinuous in 2 hips; the average lateral center-edge angle improved to 30.40°±3.31°,the average anterior center-edge angle improved to 29.50°±3.03°,the average acetabular index angle decreased to 4.50°±2.55°,the average femoral head extrusion index decreased to 9.90%±4.33%; the average Harris hip score increased to 84.10±4.07.The major complications included 3 cases of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsy which recovered in 4 to 6 months,and 1 case of iliac fossa hematoma which disappeared in 2 weeks.Conclusion With more strict surgery indication and more meticulous manipulation,periacetabular osteotomy through ilioinguinal approach can achieve satisfactory results in the treatment of DDH in middle-aged adults,which can increase hip joint congruence,relieve hip symptom and delay progression of osteoarthritis.

Key words:
Hip dislocation, congenital;  Osteotomy;  Acetabulum;  Middle aged


The principles and methods are more deeply discussed and studied for drawing and processing ultrasonic Doppler blood flow information with synthetical wave beams formed by a phase array of ultrasonic transducers. In accordance with requirements of process of acquired blood flow information, it is laid emphasis on introducing special methods to carry out real time scroll frequency spectrum and power spectrum analysis of Doppler blood flow. By displaying synchronously in combination with the result of spectrum, analysis and B mode 2-dimension images and M mode cardiograms, it will be obtained information about dynamic distribution of the heart and blood vessels. the courses, directions and properties of the blood flow, the blood volume, and the speed of blood flow. thus it can supply important basis for diagnosing diseases of the valves of heart and blood vessel, it raises the ways to be detected diseases of the heart by ultrasound to the level of hemodynamics.


Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) heritability and genetic advance were assessed in 7 diverse genotypes of peas. Genotypes differed significantly for all the characters except number of branches per plant. Most of the yield attributing characters showed high heritability values. Seed yield expressed high genetic advance along with moderate heritability and high GCV indicating preponderance of additive gene effects for this trait. Character as 100 seed weight also showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance opening a way for direct selection.


The middle area industry adjustment all is drawback to make up generally, the way hastens with, government dominant. Has resources use short-term, the industrial structure identical, the technical innovation ability is weak, question and so on economic system ossification, under the circulation current economic condition the middle area industrial structure transformation and the promotion needs further to display the comparison superiority, the foundation economy society, should strive for the region competitive advantage, speed up the industrial structure optimization to promote, speeds up the high technology and new technology industry development, the foundation ecology industry, the display "late-superiority", tungyin west bound, must dare the system innovation, the comprehensive realization "middle rises".


The total energy metabolized (TME) by nestling birds, from hatching to fledging, scales as M1.06, with body-mass at fledging (M) explaining 97% of the variation in TME. After statistically removing the effects of body-mass, multiple-regression analysis reveals that 69% of the variation in TME is explained by nestling developmental rate, expressed as the time to fledging (tfl, days). Together tfl and M explain 99% of the variation in TME for the 30 species considered (M range 9.7 to 3700 g).

Peak daily metabolized energy (DME, kJ/day), the maximum rate at which parents must provision their nestlings, scales with fledging mass as M0.78. Body-mass explains 96% of the variation in nestling peak DME, with 37% of the residual variation being attributable to the time taken to fledge (tfl). Together, tfl and M explain 97% of the variation in peak DME. An examinination of residuals indicates that adaptive modifications in nestling energetics are attained principally through changes in growth rate, which affect TME and peak DME oppositely. Doubling nestling growth rate increases peak DME by 61%, but decreases total nestling energy demand (TME) by 77%. This opposing effect complicates evolutionary interpretations of avian reproductive patterns.


Smart textiles have recently aroused tremendous interests over the world because of their broad applications in wearable electronics, such as human healthcare, human motion detection, and intelligent robotics. Sensors are the primary components of wearable and flexible electronics, which convert various signals and external stimuli into electrical signals. While traditional electronic sensors based on rigid silicon wafers can hardly conformably attach on the human body, textile materials including fabrics, yarns, and fibers afford promising alternatives due to their characteristics including light weight, flexibility, and breathability. Of fundamental importance are the needs for fabrics simultaneously having high electrical and mechanical performance. This article focused on the hierarchical design of the textile-based flexible sensor from a structure point of view. We first reviewed the selection of newly developed functional materials for textile-based sensors, including metals, conductive polymers, carbon nanomaterials, and other two-dimensional (2D) materials. Then, the hierarchical structure design principles on different levels from microscale to macroscale were discussed in detail. Special emphasis was placed on the microstructure control of fibers, configurational engineering of yarn, and pattern design of fabrics. Finally, the remaining challenges toward industrialization and commercialization that exist to date were presented.


This invention relates to a liquid-retaining synthetic fiber having a substantially pointed free end and including a tapered portion having an acute ridgeline on its surface. It is prepared from a synthetic fiber having in section at least one concave portion and at least one convex portion which gradually taper off toward the outside from the center. These fibers are suitable for use in brushes, or for the manufacture of knitted or woven fabrics or flocked fabrics having an animal hair-like or fur-like touch or appearance.


To satisfy component concentration constraints in crude oil operations, it is necessary to blend different oil types, resulting in a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) formulation for the scheduling problem of crude oil operations. Because of the intractability of such a nonlinear problem, approximate methods were proposed in the literature. However, by the existing methods, a composition concentration discrepancy may occur, leading to an infeasible solution; or a feasible solution cannot be found even if such a solution exists for some cases. Based on a priority-slot modeling method, this paper copes with the crude-oil scheduling problem suffering from composition concentration discrepancy. To find a solution without composition concentration discrepancy, a valid inequality is added to the MINLP model. Also, the model size is significantly reduced by properly determining the number of slots. Then, a novel solution method is proposed. By this method, the problem is iteratively solved and, at each...


For real time detection of human face, various algorithms were studied. Approaches like Local Binary Patterns (LBP), Constrained Local Models (CLM) regularized by Landmark Mean Shift and Viola-Jones along with CAMSHIFT and KLT were implemented. Local Binary Patterns is an algorithm which considers various binary features across the human face and then detects them instead of the face as a whole. Constrained Local Models registers a parametrized shape model and then Landmark Mean Shift then tracks the consecutive locations of the face. Viola Jones algorithm uses Haar features to detect the face and CAMSHIFT and KLT are used for tracking the detected face. The results of these algorithms were compared and considering the strengths and weaknesses of each of them a combined approach using Viola-Jones and CAMSHIFT was to developed for real time face detection on video having high frame rate (29 fps) and a resolution of 360x638.


CLEVELAND The advancement which medical knowledge has made during recent years can no doubt be in large part attributed to the closer affiliation which has developed between clinical and laboratory workers. Among the earliest attempts to apply the results of laboratory investigation in the clinic were those made in the case of diabetes, and although the progress achieved in the elucidation of the cause of this mysterious disease may not have been so striking as in the case of some other diseases, there has nevertheless been a steady accumulation of knowledge, which, when intelligently applied, is of immense value in its prophylaxis and treatment. As attesting the value of laboratory investigations side by side with clinical, it is a noteworthy fact that the physicians who have been most successful in the treatment of diabetes are those who have kept themselves in constant touch with the work of both laboratory and


We report the effect of the initial film hydrogen content (CH ) on the crystallization kinetics, crystallite nucleation rate and grain growth rate when HWCVD and PECVD a-Si:H films are crystallized by annealing at 600degC. For the HWCVD films, both the incubation time and crystallization time decrease, and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the XRD (111) peak decreases with decreasing film CH. However, other sources of XRD line broadening exist in such materials in addition to crystallite size, including the density of crystallite defects. To address these issues, TEM measurements have also been performed on a-Si:H films deposited directly onto TEM grids. Following the procedure of Iverson and Reif (J. Appl. Phys. 62 (1987) 1675), an examination of films with low grain density enables a determination of the crystallite nucleation rate as well as grain growth rate. We compare the results for HWCVD films of different film CH , and also for HWCVD and PECVD a-Si:H films containing the same initial film CH. We also perform Raman measurements on fully crystallized HWCVD films to explore whether film disorder plays a role in the different XRD FWHMs when different amounts of film hydrogen are evolved


The target/background signatures of an imaging coherent laser radar are random in nature due to target surface roughness. These signatures must be characterized for proper sensor performance prediction and design optimization. Instead of a coherent reflectometer, a direct-detection reflectometer was constructed for the following reasons. The coherent reflectometer introduces the uncertainty of mixing efficiency between the signal beam and the local oscillator beam; the mean reflectivity of speckle-resolved measurements from a diffuse target is the same as that of speckle-averaged measurements; and by varying the distance between the detector and the target, the signature statistics with different degrees of speckle averaging may be obtained.


Examined 160 workers of chemical production of methanol and formaldehyde, depending on the period of work experience. Quality of life was studied using questionnaire SF-36 and test for the detection of depression (scale of Gotland) and anxiety (test Spilberg). The Results. Identified low levels of social functioning, showing about the limitations of contacts in the social sphere, reducing the level of communication caused by loosing of physical and emotional health. Found negative influence of the length of the period of work experience upon general health, physical functioning, pain. Conclusions. The quality of life of workers of a chemical plant of methanol and formaldehyde is characterized by a low level, characterized by developing anxiety and depression.


Abstract Aim Initial testing of England's Safer Nursing Care Tool for adult in‐patient acute care wards in a university‐affiliated Canadian hospital. Background Safe‐nursing staffing decisions have significant impacts on patients' safety and quality of care. The Safer Nursing Care Tool was developed in England to provide managers with a validated formula for making appropriate nursing staffing decisions. The tool has been widely used and studied in the UK but has yet to be tested in a Canadian context. Method Ten high service quality acute care wards from a university‐affiliated Canadian hospital tested the use of the Safer Nursing Care Tool. Service quality, patients' dependency/acuity and staff activity data were benchmarked against information collected in 726 comparable UK wards. Results Higher bed occupancy and patient dependency/acuity mix were found in the 10 Canadian wards compared to their UK counterparts. Overall staff activity was comparable between UK and Canadian wards. Conclusion The Safer Nursing Care Tool can be applied in this Canadian hospital, and further testing in other hospitals and specialties is required. Implication for Nursing Management The Safer Nursing Care Tool is a valid staffing tool to use that, when combined with professional judgement, can help managers to properly establish nursing staff in acute care wards.


Shanghai international shipping center ocean mountain deepwater port sea base used large diameter sand pile.Sand pile drilling test adopted mud counterfort to prevent burying the drilling tool by the borehole from collapsing.This paper introduces the production principle of seawater pulping,material selection,the effect of mud counterfort as well as cause analysis on individual borehole from collapsing.The results show that a successful engineering test achieves satisfactory results,provide experiences for the next phase of testing work.


A QAM data transmission system operating over a band-limited simplified three-ray multipath fading channel can be equalized by the constant modulus algorithm. A systematic study of the convergence of this blind equalizer is performed in terms of the channel parameters by adopting an analytical model. The convergence behaviour is expressed in terms of the dispersion pattern of the equalized samples around the true symbols of the constellation.


With the expand of user and item scales, user-ratings are becoming extremely sparse, and recommender systems use traditional collaborative filtering are facing serious challenges. To ease these problems, many optimized methods combining with items have been put forward, most of which adopt user-ratings to compute item similarity. However, it is noticed that the similarity between items is independent of those subjective ratings, and measuring item similarity through user-ratings is unreasonable. In this paper we propose a new approach to compute item similarity, through mapping each item with a corresponding descriptive document, and computing similarity between document as item similarity, then make basic predictions according to those item similarity to lower sparsity of the user-ratings. After that, classical collaborative filtering steps are taken to generate predictions. Compared with previous methods, the new approach could describe item similarity more objectively and accurately, hence could lower sparsity of user-ratings, experiments also show that the optimized approach could improve accuracy of prediction evidently.


Faced with an increasingly demanding and competitive market, it is important to note
an economic feasibility study aimed at estimating the value that will be released by the
entrepreneur and the expected return on investment. In this sense, the objective of this
study is to estimate the economic viability of the implantation of a dairy factory through
methods traditionally applied. The analysis was developed quantitatively using various
software to assist in the application of methodologies. Initially, a study was performed
on the behavior of the data comparing the acquisition price of raw material with the
selling price of the products. The values of raw material acquisition and initial
investments were then estimated. From this the cash flow was set up and later we
applied the feasibility indicators. At the end of the study the business viability is
presented, presenting the best investment option.


Abstract This article proposes a new switching strategy for a three-phase, five-level switched voltage source inverter. The single-carrier, multi-level pulse-width modulation (PWM) scheme is employed to generate gating signals for the power switches. The proposed modulation scheme is hybridized to enable the output voltage of the inverter configuration, inheriting the features of switching-loss reduction from fundamental PWM and good harmonic performance from multiple sinusoidal PWM. A sequential switching scheme is embedded with the already-employed hybrid modulation to overcome unequal switching losses and, therefore, differential heating among the power devices. Operational principles with switching functions are given. For an R-L load, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analyses of the output voltage waveforms were carried out, and the corresponding total harmonic distortion value of 26.09% was obtained. To verify the performance of the proposed modulation scheme, simulations and experiments are conducted on a 1.2-kW rated prototype of the inverter; adequate results are presented.


As part of the COLOSS GEI experiment, one apiary in Chalkidi, Greece was continuously monitored for various pests and pathogens including V. destructor mites, Nosema spp. spores, and quantitative titers of five viruses from late summer 2009 until March 2012. The apiary was established with 39 colonies which included ten A. m. carnica (CarV) colonies from Germany, ten A. m. ligustica (LigI) colonies from Italy, ten A. m. macedonica (MacB) colonies from Bulgaria and nine local A. m. macedonica (MacG) colonies from Greece. At the end of the monitoring period, eight colonies survived: six local MacG, one MacB and one LigI. The local MacG colonies consistently showed comparatively lower V. destructor infestation levels and, consequently, also low DWV titres. In contrast, LigI colonies had the highest Nosema spp. and BQCV titres. It is, however, difficult to attribute the low survival rate of non-local colonies to any single factor. Since all colonies were located in close proximity in a single apiary, and the local bees were in better health than non-local bees, we assume that the local bees were better adapted to the local environmental conditions, and handled environmental stressors better to avoid disease outbreak.


The process of bubble growth on heating wall in subcooled boiling includes the micro-layer evaporation on heating wall and the bubble top coagulation when the bubbles grow to a certain size and emerge into the subcooled mainstream fluid.Based on this consideration,a model for the single bubble growth of subcooled flow boiling in vertical narrow rectangular channel was proposed.Compared with experimental results,the error of the simulation results using the proposed model is less than ± 25%.The simulation results indicated that as the wall superheat increases,the bubble growth gets faster,with the subcooled degree of mainstream increases,the bubble growth in later stage would be slowed,with the contact angle increases,the contact radius of the bubble bottom and the wall tension would be strengthened,resulting in faster bubble growth to make the bubble to be flat and more easily exposed to the mainstream.The velocity of mainstream has no significant effects on bubble growth rate.


Solid-state fermentation achieved with cdo1 and sep39 co-overexpression in Streptomyces efficiently recycles feather waste with great economic and ecological benefits.


Cultures of the primary form of Xenorhabdus luminescens strain Hm gave rise to secondary forms after prolonged static incubation in two broth media. The secondary forms were deficient in pigmentation and extracellular antibiotic, protease and lipase activities, and were about 100-fold less luminous than the primary form in vivo. Secondary forms isolated on two separate occasions from two different media were identical in their deficiencies. Cultures of the secondary form in defined broth media produced no detectable secondary metabolites, unlike the primary form, and grew more rapidly than the primary form. A protocol for screening primary cultures of X. luminescens for secondary forms is presented.


The flame tube is an important functional component of burners using the concept of the flame tube stabilised combustion. Under typical combustion conditions the material of the flame tube is exposed to high temperatures (≥900 °C) and to corrosion attack by the combustion gases. Furthermore as the burners are generally operated intermittently, the material suffers from extreme temperature and atmosphere changes. For flame tubes, a lifetime of approximately 8000 h is desired. Predominantly metallic high temperature materials are used. The scope of the present work was to test—under application conditions and for maximum material temperatures exceeding 900 °C—alternative high temperature alloys for use as tube material. The corrosion resistance of the austenitic Ni–Cr‐based alloys (601, 602 CA, 617 and 693) has been investigated in a burner rig at maximum material temperatures of 950 and 1000 °C and with exposure times from 50 to 3000 h. The chromium content of the alloys was between 20 and 30 wt% and that of aluminium between 1 and 3.4 wt%. Metallographic cross‐sections of samples of the alloys were analysed by electron microprobe yielding information about the microstructure and composition of the oxides in the surface zone and variations during exposure time. This study focuses on the observed specific effects of the alloying element aluminium on the development of the oxide scale and on the lifetime of the alloys. At the alloy surface after 500 h exposure time a chromium oxide scale had formed with aluminium oxides underneath predominantly along grain boundaries. For the alloys with the lower aluminium content, the aluminium oxides built up an open network but not a closed layer. For the alloy with the highest aluminium content (alloy 693) after 50 h two different characteristic microstructures at the surface were found. In one case, the grains at the surface were covered with chromium oxide on top and the remaining grain surface was completely enclosed by aluminium oxides. In the other case, the aluminium oxide formed a thin layer directly below the chromium oxide scale. After 500 h exposure time, a significantly thinner chromium oxide scale and massive internal chromium oxides were observed. Catastrophic corrosion, formation of internal oxides and aluminium nitrides started even after 500 h. It will be demonstrated that the early breakdown of alloy 693 is linked to the aluminium oxides which act as a barrier constricting the diffusion of chromium from the alloy matrix towards the surface. Under the conditions of extreme temperature changes given in the burner the aluminium oxide layer on its part did not provide corrosion protection.


Abstract A relatively simple method for the determination of free and total cholesterol is described. Interfering substances, such as bile pigments or colored substances, produced during the extraction process are removed by means of a commercial synthetic zeolite (doucil).


Nowadays, KnowledgeGraphs are extensively created using very different techniques, mapping languages among them. The wide variety of use cases, data peculiarities, and potential uses has had a substantial impact in how these languages have been created, extended, and applied. This situation is closely related to the global adoption of these languages and their associated tools. The large number of languages, compliant tools, and usually the lack of information of the combination of both leads users to use other techniques to construct Knowledge Graphs. Often, users choose to create their own ad hoc programming scripts that suit their needs. This choice is normally less reproducible and maintainable, what ultimately affects the quality of the generated RDF data, particularly in long-term scenarios. We devise with mapping translation an enhancement to the interoperability of existing mapping languages. This position paper analyses the possible language translation approaches, presents the scenarios in which it is being applied and discusses how it can be implemented.


The advancement of microcomputer technology has reached the point where color monitors and color computer software are fast becoming the norm in our information society. Color is another channel for communication, and can be used for enhancement of both aesthetic characteristics and productivity. The advantage to the use of color for communication is that there is an increased capacity to convey information in the message. The disadvantage is that the information contained in the color channel may not be perceived by approximately eight percent of the population who have impaired color vision. Misperceiving color information may result in not seeing such important messages as heading: on a spreadsheet or the distinct colored sections in a pie chart. This paper explains the technological and perceptual problems associated with the use of color computer display systems, and then offers a solution for the effective use of color regardless of the viewer's ability to perceive color. (14 references) (Author/DB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************* 4 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) CI This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it )4 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality Points of view or opinions stated in this docu merit do not necessarily represent official OERI posmon or polily Computers and Color Perception 1 Using Color as Information in Computer Displays: Problems with Perception and Communication


The first reported ambush marketing incident happened in Los Angeles Olympics in 1988 where Fuji Photo Film USA was the exclusive official 35mm film sponsor of the Games, and its rival Kodak counteracted by paying considerably less to sponsor the US track and field trials and ABC television network's Olympic broadcast (Sandler and Shani 1989). Since then the practice has continuously been the subject of study mainly in the marketing communication field and later in the legal field after event-specific anti-ambush marketing legislation was introduced to address the "problem". However, inspite of the increased attention that it has received, ambush marketing is still a vague and fluid term. Crow (2003) observes that event organisers tend to label rival's brand competition behaviours as ambush marketing. Meenaghan (1996) pointed out that many of the activities previously labelled ambush marketing or competitive advertising during and around sponsored events, are now seen as legitimate activities. This change demonstrates how fluid the term has become, and even within Meenaghan's description there is ambiguity; for example what does "legitimate" mean within this context? Does it mean legal, moral or simply allowed by the events owners? Or more importantly, can ambush marketing be legitimate? In other words, if one activity is legitimate, is it still taken as ambush marketing?


Enabling autonomous and Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) operation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the Very Low Level (VLL) airspace requires further advancement of technologies such as sensing the environment or secure and reliable communication. This paper addresses these challenges by presenting solutions developed within the project Airborne Data Collection on Resilient System Architectures (ADACORSA). Here, findings from cross-sectional areas such as the automotive industry are being further enhanced to fulfill the demands of aviation, in particular for use in the UAV domain. The developed technologies include an advanced Ethernet-based deterministic network for reliable onboard communication, a multi-sensor architecture for sensing the spatial environment as well as a multi-link communication gateway that provides reliable communication to the ground and a secure handover architecture.


The resulting server failures led two researchers from RSA Data Security to propose a defense [6]. Before failing completely, but after an attack has begun, the server would force clients to perform a proof of work, a protocol which guarantees the server that a client has spent a certain amount of its own computing power on a particular problem. By making it "cost" something for a client to open a connection, attacks become too "expensive" for an adversary to carry out. When a computer tries to exhaust server resources, it is unable to compute "proofs of work" faster than the server can make room for new connections.


A heterodyne spectrum analysis AO channelizer is proposed. The basic theory of heterodyne spectrum analysis is described, and an interferometric optical system and an instantaneous photodetector array are introduced. The methods for designing a local reference signal are discussed. Using this AO channelizer a large dynamic range (>50 dB), large number of channels (>100) and high frequency resolution (25 kHz) can be achieved.


This paper studies optimal switching on and o ff of the entire service capacity of an M / M / ∞ queue with holding, running and switching costs where the running costs depend only on whether the system is running or not. The goal is to minimize average costs per unit time. The main result is that an average-optimal policy either always runs the system or is an ( M , N )-policy defined by two thresholds M and N , such that the system is switched on upon an arrival epoch when the system size accumulates to N and is switched o ff upon a departure epoch when the system size decreases to M . It is shown that this optimization problem can be reduced to a problem with a finite number of states and actions, and an average-optimal policy can be computed via linear programming. An example, in which the optimal ( M , N )-policy outperforms the best (0 , N )-policy, is provided. Thus, unlike the case of single-server queues studied in the literature, (0 , N )-policies may not be average-optimal.


Abstract A review of the medical literature on lateral elbow pain is presented, with discussion of aetiology, pathology and treatment


The capability of borospherene to detect radioactive pollutants (radon and radium) is investigated utilizing density functional theory and nonequilibrium Green's function regime. The quantum transport is evaluated by calculating the density of states, chemical potential, transmission and molecular energy spectra, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap, electron densities, current–voltage curve, and differential and quantum conductance. LUMO-mediated transmission is observed in all the cases. The conduction considerably declines in B_40 molecular junction doped with radioactive pollutants in comparison to pure B_40 molecular junction. This decrease in conduction is due to reduced electron density and higher chemical potential in doped B_40 junctions. Due to different values of current and differential conductance, we propose utilization of B_40 in detecting the presence of radioactive pollutants in underground water. Also, all molecular junctions assay lifting of Coulomb blockade at equilibrium state; thus, these devices can be effectively utilized in single-electron transistor applications.


The research group at University College, London has been investigating the application of Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) to the diagnosis of epilepsy and stroke using finite element meshes based on realistic anatomical geometric models for the forward solution. The process of generating patient-specific meshes is highly labour intensive and so it is proposed that a standard mesh be warped such that it more closely matches that of the subject. This paper presents the initial stages of this process: a bi-cubic B-Spline patch is approximated through the electrode positions and then further refined by an iterative process such that it interpolates all of them to within 0.1 mm accuracy. Electrode and landmark positions are taken from eight human and one phantom tank model. For human subjects, the positions were digitised prior to routine EIT measurement and for the tank, from a CT dataset. Surfaces were successfully fitted to all subjects to the desired accuracy after a relatively few number of iterations. The method used to parameterise the electrode positions is discussed as well as how the initial surface approximation is made. Results show the accuracy of the surface when compared to that modelled from an actual subject.


Homocystinuria is an inborn error of metabolism, probably due to a recessive gene, which results in an absence of activity in the enzyme cystathionine synthetase, which converts homocystine to cystathionine in the liver and brain. Homocystine is normally absent from the body fluids, but occurs in the plasma and urine of affected subjects; it is derived from the amino acid methionine, present in the diet, so that there is also a tendency for plasma methionine levels to be high. The cause of the pathological lesions in homocystinuria is not known. It was noted by Carson, Cusworth, Dent, Field, Neill, and Westall (1963) that a large number of relatives in one affected family was schizophrenic and subsequent case reports have recorded mentally ill relatives. There is one report in the literature of schizophrenia and homocystinuria occurring in the same patient (Spiro, Schimke, and Welch, 1965), the mother and five matemal relatives were also said to suffer from schizophrenia. Large doses of methionine prescribed with amine oxidase inhibitors produced behavioural changes in schizophrenics (Pollin, Cardon, and Kety, 1961; Park, Baldessarini, and Kety, 1965), and it has been suggested that there is an aetiological link between schizophrenia and disorders of transmethylation-for example, in the review by Smythies (1967). Spaeth and Barber (1965) found that oral pyridoxine given to a homocystinuric led to a decreased excretion of homocystine in the urine. This has been confirmed by others, but only a proportion of patients respond (Hooft, Carton, and Samyn, 1967; Turner, 1967; Perry, Hansen, Love, Crawford, and Tischler, 1968). The case reported here was investigated biochemically and psychiatrically to throw light on these two problems.


A novel degradable electroactive conducting oligomer of poly(indole-5-carboxylic acid)(PICA) and hydroxyl-capped polyglycolide(PGA) was synthesized by low-temperature polycondensation with N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide(DCC) as dehydrating agent and 4-dimethylaminopyridine(DMAP) as catalyst.The properties and the morphology of the oligomer were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrum(FT-IR),nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H NMR) and mass spectrometry(MS).The oligomer degradation reached 41.7% in weight in the first 25 d.The electrical conductivity of the doped oligomer was measured to be 9.1×10-4 S/cm.To investigate the biocompatibility of the oligomer,baby hamster kidney 21 cells(BHK21) were cultured on oligomer film.Results indicated that the oligomer could support BHK21 cell attachment and proliferation.


A healthy 24-year-old woman was referred to our dermatology clinic with a 12-year history of multiple asymptomatic white papules on the backs of her hands and the mandibular region. The lesions had gradually increased in number and did not show any sign of spontaneous regression. The patient denied any history of acne, prolonged sun exposure, or contact with any chemical substances in the aforementioned locations. Some of the larger lesions had previously been treated with cryotherapy. There was no evidence of loose joints, flat feet, or increased skin elasticity. The family history with respect to similar skin lesions was unremarkable. X-ray imaging of the bones in her arms and legs revealed no pathologic findings.


The present invention is directed to a zeolite beta catalyst undergoing co catalyzed by useful iron for use in selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia, wherein, in response to co-catalyzed by the iron the amount of cocatalyst is iron in the form of Fe (OH) the process to zeolite beta there are subjected to be larger. The sodium content had been reduced, by entering the iron salt with a cation exchange in zeolite beta which has been low sodium content in such be subjected to exchange with ammonium or hydrogen cation e.g. sodium beta , cause received a stabilization zeolite. When the depressed beforehand and Si / Al ratio of the carbon content of the zeolite beta keep the 10 or less, also, Fe (OH) content of the catalyst was subjected to co-catalyzed by iron becomes high. Catalyst undergoing co catalyzed by iron in the form of iron Fe (OH) is characterized by the presence of peaks in 3680 at the ± 5 cm


The present invention relates to a pipe connecting structure of a water heater, wherein individual parts in the water heater are integrally coupled with a pipe body, which is injection-molded, so as to form paths of direct water and hot water, thereby reducing the number of pipes connecting the individual parts and simplifying the connection structure of the pipes. In order to realize this, according to the present invention, the pipe connecting structure of a water heater comprising a direct water inlet pipe connected from a direct water inlet to a heat exchanger; a hot water supply pipe connected from the heat exchanger to a hot water outlet; a flow sensor for measuring the flow rate of the direct water introduced via the direct water inlet; a flow control valve for controlling the flow rate of the hot water discharged via the hot water outlet; is characterized in that the pipe body which connects the direct water inlet, the direct water inlet pipe, the hot water supply pipe and the hot water outlet is formed integrally therewith.


The nucleophilic addition reactions of N1-methyl-4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoselenadiazolium tetrafluoroborate 1 with aliphatic amines 2a–c (diethylamine 2a, dipropylamine 2b, and allylamine 2c) have been kinetically studied by UV–vis spectroscopy in acetonitrile solution at 20°C. The kinetic data have been analyzed, using the Mayr equation, allowing the quantification of the electrophilicity parameter (E) value of benzoselenadiazolium cation 1 (E = −14.72). The reliability of parameter E has been reasonably verified by comparison of calculated and experimental second-order rate constants for the reactions of cation 1 with other amines 2d–f (pyrrolidine 2d, piperidine 2e, and morpholine 2f) under the same conditions as those of the amines 2a–c. A linear Bronsted plot (R2 = 0.9945) with a βnuc value of 0.55 has been obtained for the reactions of 1 with the secondary amines employed in the present work. Interestingly, satisfactory correlation between the log values of measured and calculated rate constants with a slope very close to unity has been obtained and discussed.


This work focuses on the impact of oxidizing and reducing ash chemistries on the modifications of two porous SiOCH films with varied porosities (8% [low porosity (lp)-SiOCH] and 45% [high porosity (hp)-SiOCH]). The ash processes have been performed on SiOCH blanket wafers in either reactive ion etching (RIE) or downstream (DS) reactors. The modifications of the remaining film after plasma exposures have been investigated using different analysis techniques such as x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray reflectometry, mercury probe capacitance measurement (C‐V), and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). FTIR analyses show that the lp-SiOCH film is not significantly altered by any of the ash processes investigated (DS‐H2∕He, RIE‐O2, and RIE‐NH3), except by downstream oxidizing plasmas (DS‐O2 or DS‐N2∕O2) which induce some carbon depletion and moisture uptake, resulting in a slight increase of the k value. The porosity amplifies the sensitivity of the material to p...


Virtual Musical Instrument is an interface allowing performers to simulate the instrument either in air or by running the console application. The user keeps playing the virtual instrument as it is real one and visually sense for appropriate music. In this paper an attempt is made to give a brief overview of human interaction with systems for playing Indian musical instruments virtually. The system has to take the hand gestures as input to the musical interface and with the help of signal or image processing techniques like preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction and mapping along with suitable machine learning algorithms, should be able to produce the actual output of the physical instrument to be played and handle sound related aspects in terms of volume, tone, pitch, rhythm etc. Sensors supporting to track the hand finger's 3D parameters are identified and these features acting as an input to a digital musical interface with the help of appropriate gesture recognizing algorithms matching musical note of the actual physical instrument. Accurately recognizing 3D gestures poses different research challenges. Authors present an overview of latest sensors with different methods for finger motion capturing with its features, advantages and limitations


It is suspected that instability problems in the current generation of lung simulators are caused by its actuator, a brushless DC motor, in combination with the system configuration. The hypothesis is that these problems can be resolved by replacing the actuator with a backdrivable actuator (that is, an actuator that responds well to external force) in a new system. In this BSc Thesis this hypothesis is researched. The backdrivable actuator (in this particular case, a Voice Coil actuator) in a new system can overcome the instability problems.


The carbonate areas dating from the Mesozoic and Paleozoic age are well represented, four entities being outlined: the interfluves Gârda Seac � - Ordâncua (Ocoale - Scrioara Plateau), Poieni Plateau, Vulturese and Bedeleului massifs. The largest is located in the limestone section of the Garda Seaca River, opposite being the area of crystalline limestone of the Vulturese Peak. The most ample subsurface karst phenomenon (host of underground water resources) and carbonate deposits have developed in the Mesozoic (Triassic and Jurassic especially), easier soluble (by a high CaCO 3 content) than the Paleozoic deposits composed of crystalline limestone (partially re-crystallized). However, due to increase of cracks from these crystalline limestone, karst processes is widespread in the Poieni Plateau, proof being the numerous springs in the surrounding area. Among the categories that have been hydrological analyzed (springs, lakes, rivers and the underground ice) they are all equally highlighting the tourist potential of the Aries basin (following the evaluation method of tourism potential). Relevant aspects can be distinguished: vauclusian and intermittent springs (simple intermittence), extensive underground lakes - really large underground seas, tumultuous underground rivers - with spectacular morphological features, perennial ice deposits - real paleoclimatic and paleomedium archive for the Quaternary era.


Objective Using the polar mobile phase,the enantioseparation of clenbuterol and mabuterol on the self-made 3,4-dichlorovancomycin chiral stationary phase were studied.Methods The mobile phase was methanol,adding different proportions of acetic acid and triethylamine.The influence of different proportions of acid and alkali additives was investigated.The effects of column temperature and flow rate of mobile phase on the enantioseparation were also studied.Results With a mobile phase consisting of methanol : aceticacid : triethylamine = 100 : 0.05 : 0.05(V:V:V) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,the separation factor for clenbuterol and mabuterol were 1.232 and 1.299,and the resolution were 1.006 and 1.015,respectively.Conclusion The results indicated that the isomers of clenbuterol and mabuterol could be separated on self-made 3,4-dichlorovancomycin chiral stationary phase.


The consequences of Russias accession to the World Trade Organization for the insurance market are analyzed. The factors affecting the change of state policy are revealed and possible risks in the insurance sphere are predicted.


1 The relative contributions of two classes of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) receptor (5‐HT2 and 5‐HT3) to the contractile action of 5‐HT, 2‐methyl‐5‐hydroxytryptamine (2‐methyl‐5‐HT) and α‐methyl‐5‐hydroxytryptamine (α‐methyl‐5‐HT) were studied in the guinea‐pig ileum longitudinal muscle‐myenteric plexus strip (LMMP) preparation. Contractility studies were combined with an analysis of the effects of the three agonists on [3H]‐acetylcholine ([3H]‐ACh) release from preparations preincubated with [3H]‐choline. 2 In contracting the LMMP, 5‐HT was approximately one order of magnitude more active than 2‐methyl‐5‐HT and α‐methyl‐5‐HT, with relative activities for 5‐HT: 2‐methyl‐5‐HT: α‐methyl‐5‐HT of 1.00:0.13:0.10. 3 Ketanserin (1 μm) was without effect on the concentration‐response curves for contraction to 5‐HT, 2‐methyl‐5‐HT or α‐methyl‐5‐HT, whilst ondansetron (GR38032F; 1 μm) produced a parallel rightward displacement of the upper part of the concentration‐response curves to 5‐HT and α‐methyl‐5‐HT and of the entire curve to 2‐methyl‐5‐HT. 4 In increasing the spontaneous release of [3H]‐ACh from the LMMP, 5‐HT was again approximately one order of magnitude more active than 2‐methyl‐5‐HT and α‐methyl‐5‐HT with relative activities for 5‐HT: 2‐methyl‐5‐HT: α‐methyl‐5‐HT of 1.00: 0.19: 0.11. 5 Ondansetron (1 μm) greatly attenuated the increase in spontaneous [3H]‐ACh release evoked by all three agonists. pKB estimates of 7.62 ±0.12 and 7.64 ± 0.09 were obtained for ondansetron antagonism of 5‐HT and 2‐methyl‐5‐HT‐evoked increases respectively. 6 These data suggest that the contractile action of 5‐HT, 2‐methyl‐5‐HT and α‐methyl‐5‐HT in the guinea‐pig ileum can, under these conditions, be accounted for largely in terms of 5‐HT3 receptor activation. Estimates for pKB obtained with ondansetron are in accordance with those previously obtained from contractility studies in this preparation and these findings are discussed in terms of the postulated existence of subtypes of 5‐HT3 receptors.


Automatic generation of guitar tablatures for given songs has been one of research interests in music information processing. Furthermore, some of recent studies have attempted automatic arrangement of given songs before tablature generation for producing guitar scores for songs composed for other instruments. In our previous work, we have formulated "fingering decision" and "arrangement" in a unified framework based on hidden Markov model (HMM) whose hidden states are the left hand forms on the fingerboard and an observed sequence is a note sequence of a given song. The purpose of the present paper is to extend the HMM-based automatic arrangement to "arrangement with transposition" and introduce a web application that implements the arrangement with transposition. The optimal transposition for arrangement of a given song is obtained through a full search for all the possible keys where the resulting arrangements are evaluated based on the probabilities of the sequences of the left hand forms.


This paper includes the overall technical idea behind using Aadhar card for voting. At the time of voting in the elections, the Barcode-Scanner will be used to decode the Enrollment ID printed on the Aadhar card in which our database is already stored/registered. Then it drives the next finger authentication stage. The authentication can be done using finger vein sensing with the help of fingerprint module, which allows the authenticated voters to vote on electronic ballot. Through this voting system we can see the result whenever we want either immediately or later as per our requirement.


Objective: Prostate cancer treatment as radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy is associated with collateral tissue damage resulting inside-effects. Irreversible electroporation is a minimally invasive technique that has shown to be effective in destroying tumour cells and has been proposed to diminish the treatment related morbidity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and quality of life (QoL) and functional outcomes of extended and focal irreversible electroporation (IRE) in prostate cancer.
Methods: IRE-ablations of the prostate were performed using two treatment protocols (focal and extended) to assess potential variation in outcomes. The safety of IRE was assessed by the device-related, periprocedural- and post procedural adverse events. Post-procedural quality of life was measured by prostate cancer-specific QoL questionnaires. Several validated questionnaires were used to determine the following outcomes: genitourinary side effects, urinary and erectile function. Post-procedural pain was scored using the visual analogue scale and the length of hospital stay was documented.
Results: Mainly mild adverse events (grade 1-2) occurred during the short-term follow-up, mostly concerning lower urinary tract symptoms. Nearly all resolved between the first and fourth week post treatment. Quality of life assessment showed deterioration in the urinary domain for both treatment protocols. Functional outcome questionnaire results remained stable over time. The reported post-procedural pain was low with a median of 0.5 one day post-IRE, and the length of hospital stay was short (mean of 3 days). Analysis per treatment protocol showed a significant increase between one and four weeks post treatment (p=0.03) in the extended treatment group.
Conclusion: Irreversible electroporation can be performed safely in patients suffering from prostate cancer. The adverse events are mostly temporary. Quality of life assessment shows deterioration in the urinary domain; however, functional outcomes remain stable over time.


Copyright: © 2014 Georgin-Lavialle S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. A 32 years old man, previously followed for chronic alcoholic pancreatitis underwent a percutaneous liver biopsy for a suspect liver image. At that time, gallbladder had a normal aspect on MRI (hyposignal, panel 1A) and on CT (hypodensitiy, panel 2A). Histological examination of the tumour biopsy revealed a hepatocellular carcinoma in an otherwise healthy liver. Ten days after biopsy, he suddenly felt intense right-sided hypochondriac pain with liver enzyme elevation (15N), suggesting biliary colic. New imaging detected haemobilia (hypersignal on RMI, panel 1B and hyperdensity on CT, panel 2B). Pain and cytolysis were spontaneously regressive under antalgic treatment. A digestive echoendoscopy performed 5 days later revealed no gallstone.


The present invention relates to a number of game players participate in games to play a single game (Play), at least two or more of the plurality of game player (Player), a separate character, at least two or more of the at least two people game player on the game individually play (Individual Character) said game players one game player to play a representative from (representative Play) or at least one or more game players jointly play in a specific game player group at least belong to two or more game players (Associative Play) It is for the game character and the game character alternative to replace the system with a game server or a game device and a recording medium that replaces a predetermined character. Therefore, the game player playing the game using the respective individual characters by replacing the single, robust character than the sum of all of the attributes and the attack power of at least the individual characters of the respective character, toughness, resilience, experience points, acquired items including , as individual play of the individual character can be easily overpowered less robust on the hard game to beat, it can be induced by this continued interest in the game through the replacement of the same game character. Further, by deriving the individual character to replace them with the predetermined character game player cooperation between the item and sharing, it is possible to solve the problem of violence against one another in order to obtain game items between players.


[Objective] Using molecular biotechnology to clone the proteasome β5 gene from cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), this research aimed to provide basis for further research on the function of proteasome β5 gene in cotton bollworm. [Method] Total RNA was extracted from midgut of cotton bollworm. The full length cDNA of Habeta5 gene was cloned by using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technology, then sequence analysis was carried out. [Result] The full length cDNA sequence was successfully cloned and isolated, named as Habeta5. It was 947 bp in length, contained an ORF (843 bp) and encoded 280 amino acid residues, with the predicted mass of 30.87 kD and isoelectric point(pI) of 9.60. In the deduced amino acid sequence, a proteasome β5 subunit domain lies between 74th to 261st amino acid residues. It has more than 62% identity to other insects such as Drosophila melanogaster. The proteasome β5 subunit conservative regions were very similar with each other. Molecular evolution by Neighbor Joining method indicated that Habeta5 was homologous with other proteasome β5 subunit of species. [Conclusion] Sequence alignment shows that the cloned fragment is a proteasome β5 subunit gene (GenBank accession number: FJ358434).


The jurisdiction is controlled by "restriction" and "supervision" in order that the judicial power shall be exercised legally and properly in Criminal Procedure Law of China.The checking mechanism to the jurisdiction brings into play in some way.However,the adjudication supervision cannot act well.The adjudication supervision can't accords with the demands of criminal litigation.It's necessary to change the theory of preventing judges from misusing their authority from the theory of "supervision" to the theory of "checking".


Through technical statistics to 2001-2002 CBA match seasons of 26 cycles?156 fields,the authors research and find that CBA(home-visiting site competition system)lie the home advantage in winning rate,score,the percentage of hits,the percentage of goals,ability to attack,ability to defend and times of mistake The causes of the home advantage are competition areas object environment(competition areas,appliance,climate,jet lag and so on),factor of audience,factor of referee,applyment of tactic,motivation and self-showing


The main objective of this study is to develop systems for 28 nano-meter back end lithography productivity cycle time improvement. The paper surveys applications of Queueing theory, Fuzzy theory and OR for system development. We develop four systems such as Loading forecast system, Photo all in one, OD (Oxide Definition) intelligent scheduling system, Self accelerating system and Scanner dashboard which can linearize tool utilization, predict coming WIP (Work In Process) in future, coming WIP variation minimization and monitor tool unit status respectively. Finally, the lithography productivity cycle time reduction can be achieved 40%.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to determine whether the implementation of regular and structured follow-up of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), combined with therapeutic education, led to better management of these patients.

PATIENTS AND METHOD
This was a monocentric, retrospective study on a cohort of patients with a proven CHF, followed in the Mulhouse region (France), between January 2016 and December 2017, by the Unit for Monitoring Heart Failure Patients (USICAR). These patients benefited from a regular protocolized follow-up and a therapeutic education program for a period of 2 years. The main criterion of this study was: the number of days of hospitalization for HF per year and per patient. The secondary endpoints were: the number of days of hospitalization for cardiac causes other than HF and the number of hospital stays for HF per patient. These criteria were collected over the one-year period before inclusion, at one-year-follow-up, and at two-years-follow-up.

RESULTS
159 patients with a mean age of 72.9 years were included in this study. They all had a CHF, mainly stage I-II NYHA (88.7%), of predominantly ischemic origin (50.9%), with altered left ventricular ejection fraction in 69.2% of cases. The primary endpoint averaged 8.33 days (6.84-10.13) in the year prior to inclusion, 2.6 days (1.51-4.47) in the first year of follow-up, and 2.82 days (1.30-6.11) (p <0.01 for both comparisons). The mean number of days of hospitalization for other cardiac causes other than HF to patient numbers was: 1.73 days (1.16-2.6), 1.81 days (1.04-3.16), and 1.32 days (0.57-3.08) (p = ns). The percentage of hospitalization for HF for each patient was: 69.5% (60.2-77.4) before inclusion, 16.2% (10-25.2) during the first year of follow-up and 19.3% (11-31.8) during the second (p < 0.001 for both comparisons).

CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates the value of a protocolized follow-up associated with a therapeutic education program to improve the management of ambulatory CHF patients, particularly for moderate CHF.


Objective : to evaluate the effectiveness of complex treatment of patients with diabetic foot syndrome in the conditions of one health centre per one hospitalization. Design and methods : from January to October 2017 at the research Department of vascular and interventional surgery Almazov National Medical Research Centre, adhering to a multidisciplinary approach, treated 28 patients with ischemic and neuroischemic diabetic foot syndrome. 24 of them had diabetic ulcers. The average ABI amounted to 0.44 (0.2 to 0.9). The treatment took place in three stages. The irst phase consisted in the examination and preparation of patients for vascular revascularization in the Department of endocrinology of the Centre. Examination for signiicant comorbidities, correction of glycemic proile, compensation for other late complications of diabetes and relief of systemic inlammation were performed. In the second phase the patients were in the Department of vascular and hybrid surgery where the performed reconstruction of the lower limb arteries. After revascularization, patients continued treatment at the Department of endocrinology of the Centre, which was corrected of treatment of diabetes, was performed sanation of ulcers and plastic surgery of the foot. Estimated change in the severity of pain, the dynamics of the healing of ulcers, the prospect of saving the limb. Results and discussion : to assess the level and distribution of vascular lesions in the prehospital phase was performed by CT-A or digital angiography of lower limb arteries. In most cases, was detected distal form of atherosclerosis with a primary lesion of the popliteal-tibial segment. Endovascular treatment was performed 23 (82%) patients, 4 (14%) underwent open intervention. In one case, was applied a hybrid approach. All endovascular and hybrid operations were performed in a hybrid operating room under local anesthesia. In the early postoperative period in 79 % of patients achieved clinical improvement in the relief of symptoms of critical limb ischemia, rest pain, positive dynamics of the healing of trophic ulcers. Seven patients (25%) underwent extended necrectomy within the foot with the plastic of local tissues. In the long term (from 3 to 8 months) of observations one death due to myocardial infarction, amputations were not. 85% of patients had complete or partial healing of the ulcer. Conclusion: complex multidisciplinary treatment of patients with diabetic foot syndrome in the conditions of one medical centre promotes an individual approach to each patient and improves the quality of medical care.


To study the association between fetal cardiac defects and the presence of abnormal blood flow resistance of the ductus venosus during the second trimester of pregnancy.


ABSTRACT Within the framework of the current democratic crisis, the electoral success of the so-called anti-establishment parties has been repeatedly and often associated with protest voting. Several scholars have tried to deal with this topic in the past, focusing particularly on the psychological dimension of the matter, i.e. on whether individual support for these actors was actually characterised by protest motivations. Yet, in so doing, they have almost completely overlooked the issue of how protest actually contributes to the electoral performance of apparent protest actors. The aim of this paper is precisely to fill this gap. Indeed, by looking at three Southern European countries (i.e. Greece, Italy and Spain), it aims to test the common-sense hypothesis that a higher strength of protest motivations in voters' minds implies an increasing success of anti-establishment parties at the electoral level. Methodologically, this is accomplished by a series of counterfactual regression models on data from the 2014 European Election Voter Study (EES).


Improving the accuracy of wind power forecasting is an important measure to deal with the uncertainty and volatility of wind power. Wind speed and wind direction are the most important factors affecting the power generation of wind turbines. In this paper, we propose a wind power forecasting method that combines the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) with the deep extreme learning machine (DELM). Based on the DELM model, the length of the time series' influence on the performance of the neural network is validated through the comparison of the forecast error indexes, and the optimal time series length of the wind power is determined. The sparrow search algorithm is used to optimize its parameters to solve the problem of random changes in model input weights and thresholds. The proposed SSA-DELM model is validated using the measured data of a certain wind turbine, and various forecasting indexes are compared with several current wind power forecasting methods. The experimental results show that the proposed model has better performance in ultra-short-term wind power forecasting, and its coefficient of determination (R²), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE) are 0.927, 69.803, and 115.446, respectively.


Nanoscale Transport
Electrical and thermal conductivity in metals are linked at the macroscopic length scale because electrons carry both heat and current. Cui et al. found that this relationship, the Wiedemann-Franz law, holds down to the atomic scale in gold and platinum (see the Perspective by Segal). They made thermal and electrical conductance measurements through a point contact only one atom thick. In gold, the thermal and electrical conductance was quantized, owing to the electronic band structure of the metal. The experiments pave the way for high-resolution calorimetry and other thermal measurements at the nanoscale.

Science , this issue p. [1192][1]; see also p. [1125][2]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aam6622
 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aam9362


The solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) water electrolysis technology is presented as a potential energy conversion method for wind driven generator systems. Electrolysis life and performance data are presented from laboratory sized single cells (7.2 sq in active area) with high cell current density selected (1000 ASF) for normal operation.


A detailed study was conducted for two-photon absorption of a selected group of new derivatives of cyclohexanone/piperidone with regard to their molecular structure and the feasibility of using these derivatives as nonlinear optical absorbers for optical limiting. Derivatives of cyclohexanone/piperidone have a cross-section of two-photon absorption of the order of 3000 x 10-50cm4s/photon and compare well against known two-photon absorbers. This makes them promising nonlinear optical absorbers and optical limiters. Their important feature is that the energy is absorbed in the infrared region, where the protection is needed for remote IR sensors and night-vision systems. It is also important that the energy of the dissipated infrared radiation is converted mostly into fluorescence but not into heat that can damage optical limiter.


The article dwells upon the slow development of the Russian seaports and low rates of the cargo turnover compared to the growth of industrial and agricultural production. The low purchasing power of the population, high competition of the Russian export commodities in the world markets held back the increase in imports and exports. The railway network that had government preferences competed with seaports and hindered from growing coastal shipping. The Russian ports lagged behind the largest ports in Western Europe in terms of cargo turnover and technical equipment. In the Russian ports cargo operations took a lot of time due to the lack of berthing places, equipment and warehouses in the port area. The high expenditures of ship and cargo owners in seaports caused increased the freight cost and price for goods for the end consumers, which in general negatively influenced the development of the Russian economy. The small (relative to investment needs) amounts of private and equity capital, as well as high inflation, did not allow financing the construction and modernization of ports at the expense of private investors. Attracting the private capital was hindered by the high centralization of the seaport management system. The historically built ownership system in the Russian ports has identified almost the only source of financing - the state budget burdened with huge debts, whose priorities did not include the development of seaports. Their financing was hundreds of times less than the amount of financing ports in Western Europe and the USA. There has been analyzed the volume and dynamics of the turnover in the Russian seaports in comparison with the similar indicators of the Western European ports and ports of the United States, property relations in the seaports have been studied, and the levels of technological development have been presented. The seaports management system in Russia has been analyzed. The level of development of seaports was compared with the level of industrial and agricultural development.


Objective
To analyze the status and the distribution of causes of injuries as well as disease burden in children under 5 years old in Sichuan Province.

Methods
The death information cards of children who died because of injuries in Sichuan Province in 2012 were analyzed, and the years of potential life lost and working years of potential life lost were calculated to evaluate the disease burden.

Results
22.87% (1 502/6 567) of children lost their lives because of injuries, the mortality of injury was 4.13‰, 63.45% of children died at the age between 1 and 4, and most of the children died at home or on the road; The top 3 causes of children death of injuries below 5 years old were drowning, accidental suffocation and traffic accidents. The years of potential life lost and working years of potential life lost were 73.05 years and 58.30 years.

Conclusion
Injury is one of the most mainly risk factor of health and life of children, the government should further prevent and control children injuries.

Key words:
Injury; Death; Years of potential life lost; Working years of potential life lost


A novel and selective nitrite sensor based on non-covalent interaction of Schiff base copper complex [Cu(sal-ala)(phen)] with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was developed by simple eco-friendly approach. The morphology of the prepared RGO/[Cu(sal-ala)(phen)] nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction studies and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). On the other hand, the electrochemical studies of the prepared nanocomposite was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometric technique. The RGO/[Cu(sal-ala)(phen)] nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) exhibit the higher electrocatalytic activity towards detection of nitrite. Moreover, the RGO/[Cu(sal-ala)(phen)] modified GCE was determined the nitrite with low detection limit (19 nM), broad linear range (0.05–1000 μM) and high sensitivity (3.86 μA μM−1 cm−2). Besides, the proposed sensor shows good selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility and long term operational stability. The appreciable recoveries was achieved for the detection of nitrite in water and sausage samples, which imply the practical feasibility of the modified electrode.


Abstract Calls to investigate the Political Economy of accounting and modes of economic regulation in advanced capitalism were commonplace throughout the 1980s. Such calls highlighted the pressing need to reject neo-classical state theory and to construct radical theories of the state in order to understand the processes by which regulatory public policy is produced (Tinker, 1984). In taking up this challenge, this paper argues that insufficient attention has been paid to the consequences for economic regulation by the Bourgeois nation-state of the internationalisation of capitalist social relations. Focussing on the regulation of international transfer pricing, this paper argues that state-centred perspectives are conceptually inadequate and that Neo-classical analyses are methodologically and conceptually blind to the intimate connection of international transfer pricing with the internationalisation of capitalist social relations post-1945. By developing a materialist critique within the Marxist tradition, this article argues that transfer pricing remains one of the main points of contact between transnational corporations and bourgeois nation-states, vividly highlighting the socio-political nature of economic regulation and calculation. The author endorses an Open Marxist approach and argues that the concept of class continues to have theoretical and political significance.


Contemporary Western culture,as a form of strong culture and mainstream culture of the age,is throwing enormous impact upon traditional Chinese culture.It is doubtless that Western graphic form theories serve as a positive and enlightening complement condusive for the development and prosperity of Chinese painting.Meanwhile,figure design of traditional Chinese painting maintains is a unique spiritual connotation of harmonious and native Chinese culture,which can by no means be traced in modern design,basing itself on the over-reasoning of Western graphic form.The present paper,therefore,holds the view that mutual exchanges and development of both Western and Eastern culture in a Chinese context can only be achieved under the guiding principle of "Chinese culture as the core,Western inflow as the complement."


This study investigated factors that influence the Willingness to Pay (WTP) for watershed services and conservation in Tanzania with the case study of the Lower Moshi Irrigation Scheme in Pangani Basin, Tanzania. A total of 99 farmers were selected randomly from the Mabogini ward for interviews using a Contingent Valuation Method. There were also focus group and key informants' interviews. Structured and semi-structured questionnaires were used to gather information. Data were analysed using multi-linear regression model. Results showed that 80% of the respondents showed a WTP for additional cost of watershed services. Findings further showed that parameters of education, farm size and household income were found to be statistically significant at p=0.05. However, there was inverse relationship between WTP and farm distance, probably due to the perceived risk of decreasing water availability as distance to the water intake increases. The results also showed R 2 = 0.845 suggesting that as high as 84.5% of the variation in the dependent variable (WTP) had been explained by the variables included in the model. For effective WTP, the observed weaknesses should be addressed. These include environmental education, participatory basin management approach and good governance of basin resources.


Both Geocrinia vitellina and G. alba have direct dcvclopment of the eggs. Electrophoretic studies indicate that they are genetically distinet. The species differ in ventral colour and male call, and have restricted ranges in the Margaret River to Augusta region. They are related to G. rosea and G. lutea but are distinguished by differences in colour and male call and there is significant genetic differentiation. The status of G. lutea (Main) as a genuine species is confirmed: this species differs consistently from G. rosea in ventral colour and is genetieally distinct.


Monoamine oxidase A (MAO‐A) deficiency is a rare inborn error of metabolism with impaired degradation of biogenic amines including 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT), resulting in borderline intellectual disability and behavioral abnormalities. Genetic variants in MAOA need functional confirmation to enable a definite diagnosis. To this end, we developed an inexpensive, simple and nonradioactive MAO‐A activity assay based on the conversion of 5‐HT into 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA). Fibroblast cell lysates were incubated with 5‐HT and aldehyde dehydrogenase to allow 5‐HIAA production. 5‐HIAA was quantified using high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection. We optimized reaction mixture components, pH, and substrate concentration and tested linearity and specificity of the assay. We verified the functional validity of the enzyme assay using fibroblasts of controls, female mutation carriers and MAO‐A deficient patients. This included a newly described patient with a novel MAOA variant (c.1336G>A, p.(Glu446Lys)), who represents the fifth MAO‐A deficiency family so far. The optimized enzyme assay showed good linearity and specificity. Application to clinical samples showed a 100% differentiation of affected patients (with negligible MAO‐A enzyme activity) and controls or mutation carriers. In conclusion, the described MAO‐A activity assay is easy to implement and can readily be used to test the pathogenicity of variants in the MAOA gene in a clinical setting. Especially in this era of whole‐exome (and whole‐genome) sequencing, this functional assay fulfills a clinical need for functional confirmation of a suspected diagnosis of MAO‐A deficiency.


The paper introduces the structure and important effects of SS7 (Signaling System Number 7). and its linking layer and supervising methods are described. That supervising methods of SS7 will be important means of network operation and maintenance is putted forward. The paper prospects the benefits and business chance of SS7 supervising system to operating provider.


Ponderal growth, caloric intake, growth velocity, and growth efficiency were studied from birth through 90 days in 523 nursery‐raised pigtailed macaque infants. The male and female subjects ranged in birth weight from the 1st through 100th centiles of the colony distribution and were all judged to be clinically healthy. One group of infants was fed on an ad lib schedule, with formula continuously available from dispensers which were replenished every 8 h. A second group was fed on a distributed regimen, with formula available on a 4‐h‐on/4‐h‐off schedule. The latter schedule was instituted because of bacterial growth in the milk after 4 h. Infants fed the distributed diet had 20–25% lower caloric intake than those fed ad lib, but equaled or exceeded ad lib infants in body weight, growth velocity, and grams gained per 100 kilocalories (growth efficiency). The poorer utilization of calories by the ad lib group was attributed to a combination of bacteria in the milk, which caused diarrhea, and inability to metabolize the excess nutrients gained from overconsumption of fluids. The effects of the distributed diet occurred for both males and females, and across the full range of birth weights. Peak velocity and growth efficiency for both males and females occurred at 2 weeks after birth for high‐birth‐weight (HBW) infants and at 3 weeks for low‐birth‐weight (LBW) infants. However, the growth efficiency of LBW infants was equal to, or greater than, that of HBW infants after postnatal day 2. Descriptive statistics and regression equations based on this large sample are presented for quantitative comparisons of growth parameters with those of other primate species reared in laboratory or field settings. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


—Due to the proliferation of Web services and to the complexity and diversity of users' needs, new efficient mechanisms to automatically discover Web services are strongly required and desired. Recent advances have enabled the sup-ply/consumption of services by suppliers/users of different cate- gories. Every user has some particular interests and preferences when searching appropriate services on the Web. Supporting the "service profile" in the specification of Web services becomes then a paramount important issue. It can especially help applicants and Web services providers to produce accurate descriptions and thus improve the degree of relevance of the responses returned in the process of Web services discovery. In this paper, we present a novel method in the view of users requirements for Web services discovery. Especially, we propose (i) a framework to model the end user and the Web service contextual profile for best search, (ii) as well as a solution of semantic Web services discovery based on contextual profile similarity. This similarity is performed using a hybrid similarity measure we have defined.


By using the methods of document,interview and logical analysis,according to own characteristic of beach volleyball,this article analyzed necessity of developing of beach volleyball in northwest regions from development of fitness,school physical education,athletics sports,sports industry and exploitation of tourist resources,and analyzed necessity of development of beach volleyball in northwest regions.


Through to the survey of several UPR manufacturing enterprises in Quanzhou and to the writing report of EIA on UPR project,the paper analyzes and summarizes the characteristics of this kind of project and the main points concerning the EIA preparation process. This paper presents the main points concerning the EIA,such as location analysis, industrial policy and environmental policy analysis, process flow and pollution links analysis, pollution prevention and control measures discussed, cleaner production analysis, public participation and other aspects, for the reference of the EIA preparation workers and environmental protection departments of examination and approval.


Novel nanomechanical resonators with high mass sensitivities are designed in an optimal manner. We are concerned with a nanomechanical resonator with step changes in cross section and determine its geometry so as to maximize its mass sensitivity. Since the mass sensitivity is proportional to the fundamental frequency, we decide the geometric shape so as to maximize the fundamental frequency. In particular, we design a cantilever resonator with a single discontinuity in its cross sectional area. As the design space of this design problem is decided by the volume of the resonator, we synthesize it for various prescribed volume constraints. The fundamental frequency is estimated based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. We discovered that there is a unique global optimal solution of this design problem that does not depend on the given volume constraints. The mass sensitivity of optimally designed cantilever resonators is 1.9193 times greater than that of conventional uniform beam type resonators that are designed for the same volume. Consequently, the mass sensitivity of a nanomechanical uniform resonator of constant volume can always be enhanced without regard to its global size by modifying its geometry following the optimal design proposed in this paper.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


The paper is based on a manuscript from the Royal Library in Copenhagen ("Poёmata Sultani Kanszuh el-Gauri" Cod. Arab. 280). It contains materials that haven't been considered in Russian historiography. Forty two poems by a penultimate mamluk sultan al-Ghuri are presented in the manuscript. This is a very rare example of mamluk poetry. The research includes description of the manuscript, translation of some fragments and analyse of their content.


This tutorial illustrates design situations where creep and creep rupture of components can compromise system performance over time, thereby acting as a wearout failure mechanism. Polycrystalline materials, such as metals and ceramics, and polymers are treated. Analytic microstructural creep mechanisms leading to failure of these materials are presented. Continuum microscale models for predicting long-term creep are explained for practical design purposes. Two examples illustrate these models for mechanical engineering and electronic packaging situations. >


Like several other major neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson disease (PD) is associated with aging. In PD, the protein α-synuclein causes aggregates


Technological progress greatly revolutionizes medicine. Robots give the opportunity to reach greater accuracy and thus improve the medical outcome. The results of a surgical intervention profoundly depend on the robot system and on the training state of the operator. Since the learning of a surgical intervention can be influenced by the complexity of the system, these interconnections are investigated with psychological methods. Therefore, the skill acquisition process of a robot-based surgery is compared to a traditional spine surgery. The usage of an appropriate robot shortens the learning curve of a spine surgery due to a decreased complexity and reduces the impact of the surgeons' psychomotor abilities on the surgery's outcome. For the design of a surgical system, different realizations must be tested in advance regarding their cognitive workload to avoid training costs learning the operation of the system, afterwards. The methods used are not restricted to surgical robotics.


Introduced a portable and multi-purpose instrument of temperature measurement.This instrument was based on MSP430F1401,and it had big saving spaces of 2M which used 74LS373 expanded two 621024.Passing software the instrument could measure and show the temperature,it also could save the data and communicate data with the computer.


For long-term investigations at a clinical metabolic ward, it is necessary to make the daily quantitative collection of urine and feces as simple as possible for the patient.


Blockchain technology provides an auditable and tamper-proof distributed infrastructure that can support distributed workflow management. Blockchains based on a Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) ordering consensus protocol address many of the shortcomings of proof-of-work chains, such as latency and non-finality of consensus. They are a suitable technology to support workflow execution, in large part because applications do not need to be adapted to deal with eventual consistency and delayed consensus of proof-of-work blockchains. Moreover, in contrast to earlier work that has typically developed custom workflow engines using smart contracts, we port an existing, full-featured workflow engine, the YAWL workflow engine, to a blockchain-based workflow management system (WfMS) without smart contracts.


The strength and competencies of teaching and supporting staff in an institution of higher learning should not focus on the academic programmes per se, but encompass the campus-wide efforts towards full implementation of outcome-based education, or more commonly known as OBE. This paper examines the strategic pairing of staff and facilities in the successful implementation of an undergraduate Civil Engineering Technology programme. The teaching staff comprises of professors, associate professors, senior lecturers, lecturers, instructors and the tenured tutors awaiting pursuit of postgraduate degrees. The instructors are especially equipped with industrial experience and exposure, often of former employment in related industrial fields and are therefore well-versed with workplace expectations. Teaching load is analysed with relevance to staff-student interaction for effective learning, coupled with the student advisory and counselling system for continual monitoring of the academic performance. The teaching staff are also encouraged to engage in professional development, such as via industrial attachment, consultancy and research collaboration to strengthen the practical-cum-industrial component of the engineering technology programme. In addition, staff assessment is conducted by both the university and the students to ensure unbiased quality monitoring. Facilities-wise, common academic services like library, lecture halls and rooms, laboratories and workshops are complemented by an integrated information technology system and other daily amenities such as residential colleges, banking services, healthcare centre, transportation, sports and recreation. In short academic excellence cannot be achieved by good teaching and learning techniques alone. It needs to be underpinned by an organized, well-grounded supporting system which includes comprehensively every facade of a student's life on campus, from within and outside the lecture rooms, to ensure effective and successful delivery of the programme in grooming balanced graduate.


This paper presents fast and robust equalization techniques to improve ATSC DTV reception for portable, pedestrian, and mobile receivers. There are many strong and dynamic echoes affecting portable, pedestrian, and mobile reception. Fast equalization techniques using Kalman algorithms are proposed and investigated for the purpose of overcoming strong and dynamic echoes.


A caterpiller called "pararama," larva of the moth Premolis semirufa, has previously been reported by Vianna and Azevedo (I) to have affected at least 24 rubber workers at a plantation named Granja Marathon (Marathon Farm) in the municipality of Sa'o Francisco, which is located in Brazil's north-central state of Para. These authors have termed the delayed clinical manifestations of the condition "pararama," using the caterpiller's local name. (The larvae are also frequently referred to simply as Zagar&s-caterpillers.) The presence of these larvae has been noted for many years at another location as well, the rubber plantations of Belterra in the Para municipality of Santarem. The lesions frequently observed after accidental contact with the larvae of certain lepidoptera, their cocoons, or their adult forms are itching, blistered, pruriginous processes involving allergic and toxic manifestations. Both isolated cases and epidemics have been reported (Gusmao, et aZ.,-2); more recently, such lesions have also been considered an occupational disease (Katzenellenbogen-3). Contact with a pararama causes immediate intense itching (pruritus), hyperemia, and local edema. It also gives rise to chronic manifestations later on, and these sometimes deprive the


In this work, we present a semiautomatic algorithm for ECG heartbeat classification, based on a previously developed automatic classifier and a clustering algorithm. Both classifier and clustering algorithms include features from the RR interval series and morphology descriptors calculated from the wavelet transform. Integrating the decisions of both algorithms, the presented algorithm can work automatically or with several degrees of assistance, depending the user expertise. The algorithm was evaluated in the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database for comparison purposes. In the automatic mode, the algorithm obtained performance figures slightly higher than the original automatic algorithm; but with 5 manually annotated heartbeats in 22 recordings, an improvement of 5% in accuracy (A), global sensitivity (S) and global positive predictive value (P+) is achieved. For the full-assisted modes the algorithm achieved comparable performance with 55 times less annotation effort, and improved the performance with 42 times less effort. These results represent an improvement in the field of ECG heartbeats classification, concluding that the reference performance can be improved with an efficient use of the assistance provided to the algorithm.


The chemical composition and mass loading of atmospheric fine-particle aerosols were examined, before, during, and after 25 individual precipitation events during a 12-month period. The sub-micrometer (0.3 to 1.0 ..mu..m) aerosol particles were collected using a modified Lundgren cascade impactor, and analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared absorption spectroscopy. In several cases where the precipitation was not accompanied by a frontal passage or other means of air mass change, two types of fine-particle aerosol behavior were observed. In one, the concentration of aerosol particles was reduced during the rain, but the concentration recovered quickly after the event. In the other, the aerosol particle concentrations increased during or after the rain, so that the precipitation event was an apparent source of particles in the 0.3 to 1.0 ..mu..m size range. The chemical composition of the aerosol particles was also affected by the precipitation, leading to changes in the ammonium sulfate content of the aerosols, which changes were not always similar to the changes in the particles' mass loading. The meteorology associated with each precipitation event was examined in detail to determine the factors responsible for the observed behavior of the aerosol particles. The first type of behavior, a decrease in aerosol mass loadingmore » during the precipitation but recovery afterwards, is illustrated. The decrease could be attributed to the precipitation scavenging the particles locally; the subsequent recovery was caused by advection of other portions of the same air mass to the sampling location. The second type of behavior, an increase in the particle concentrations during or after the precipitation, is shown. An example of a decrease in ammonium sulfate in the particles simultaneous with an increase in the particle mass loading is shown.« less


The need for frequent charging is perceived as a common inconvenience related to all-electric vehicles. A reinforcement learning-based strategy is therefore introduced to optimally exploit the possibilities of an electric dual-drive vehicle. Simplified subsystem models are defined to describe the inherent loss mechanisms, allowing the problem to be reformulated as an interconnection of power flows. The optimal power flow management is consequently casted into a model-predictive structure. Inherent stochasticity is coped with by introducing an appropriate Markov transition model and a value function approximation is constructed in an offline phase to accommodate for the long-term impact of current control decisions. Relevant case studies finally show that the proposed method allows to limit deviations from global optimality to less than 1% while only marginally compromising computational efficiency. Reinforcement learning might thus contribute to further advancements in range extensions for electric vehicles.


The objective of this study is to exploit the statistical signatures of biological tissues and contrast microbubbles in order to develop new strategies for contrast imaging and tissue characterization. For this purpose, the Nakagami statistical model was chosen, because it is more general and simpler to apply than other statistical models to describe the linear and nonlinear ultrasonic echoes of both contrast microbubbles and tissues. Experiments were performed using a 2.5 MHz linear array connected to an open research platform. A commercially phantom was used to mimic tissue and microbubbles backscatters. For several regions of interest and for different microbbubles concentration, the RF signals have been generated at 3 and 5 transmit cycles. The received echoes have been filtered around the center frequency (fundamental) and around twice the center frequency (2nd harmonic). Obtained signals have been analyzed in order to evaluate Nakagami parameter (m), the scaling parameter (0) and the probability density function of the envelopes of the echo signals. These results would be used for improving the quality of images obtained by harmonic imagery.


This paper introduces the overall construction,structure and functions of the major functional modules,main features and application effect of the multimedia computer aided instruction (CAI) courseware entitled Computer Application to Chemistry and Chemical Engineering.