The primary function of aviation fuel is to provide propulsive energy to the aircraft. Microorganisms may contribute to aging instability in the fuel, induce corrosion of the storage tanks and pipeworks, form mats which can block filters and pipelines and increase wear in fuel pumps eventually leading to engine failure, therefore, in this study, the microbial contaminants in the commercial aviation fuel obtained from Benin City Airport, Nigeria were isolated, characterized, identified and their hydrocarbon-utilizing potentials determined using standard methods. The microbial contaminants were Micrococcus luteus, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella aerogenes, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium italicum, Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida tropicalis. Serratia marcescens had the highest percentage distribution (16%) in the fuel. Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus fumigatus were the best utilizers of the fuel among the organisms isolated. There was a drop in the initial pH of the mineral salts oil medium inoculated with the isolates indicating hydrocarbon utilization. The result of this work showed that the fuel examined was contaminated with bacteria and fungi, therefore the incorporation of effective biocides, frequent inspection and drainage of water from fuel tanks and pipeworks are recommended.


From the perspective of Figure-Ground relations in cognitive linguistics,existential constructions in Chinese can be regarded as a GtF construction,in which G serves as the spatiotemporal frames of reference by which F is located in space and/or time,F is what is to be located according to G,and t indicates the existential or presentational relations between G and F. Therefore,G has the feature of spatial-temporal reference whereas F has the feature of focus prominence. From the viewpoint of information structure,G conveys given information and F new information. And in constructing a text,F can also provide a topic for the text to further develop.


A class of compatible spatial discretizations for solving partial differential equations is presented. A discrete exact sequence framework is developed to classify these methods which include the mimetic and the covolume methods as well as certain low-order finite element methods. This construction ensures discrete analogs of the differential operators that satisfy the identities and theorems of vector calculus, in particular a Helmholtz decomposition theorem for the discrete function spaces. This paper demonstrates that these methods differ only in their choice of discrete inner product. Finally, certain uniqueness results for the covolume inner product are shown.


Summary:  Purpose: Astrogliosis is a prominent finding in human temporal lobe epilepsy. Work in animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy, however, have mostly concentrated on the acute phases of the studied models or have failed to demonstrate reactive gliosis during the chronic phases of such models.


Summary

Marine fish farming in Denmark is completely dominated by the farming of large rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) of 2–5 kg/piece in net cages or land-based flow-through systems, even though more species are being farmed on a small scale. The Danish production of rainbow trout in sea water reached some 8500 tonnes in 1998, and is unlikely to increase due to new restrictions imposed by the Ministry of Environment and Energy, including a provisional stop for extensions and new establishments. This prohibition was put in force in spite the fact that overall outlets are well below the frame allocated for marine fish farming. Generally, the procedures for obtaining allowances are complicated, involving regional and national institutions as well as public hearings. The procedures are described in this article.


An in-vitro study was carried out for the screening of commonly used commercially available potential systemic fungicides viz. Topsin M and Carbendazim against Fusarium oxysporum F. sp. lycopersici at three different concentrations (50 ppm, 100 ppm and 200 ppm) which revealed that Carbendazim at 200 ppm has the strongest anti-mycotic potential followed by Carbendazim at 100 ppm showing 96.36 and 94.72 percent inhibition respectively. The in-vitro compatibility tests of Trichoderma harzianum with systemic fungicides indicated that lesser concentration of the two systemic fungicides had lesser inhibitory effect as compared to higher concentration. Carbendazim @ 50 ppm proved out to be most compatible showing minimum percent inhibition (72.59). The two potential bacterial antagonists viz. Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens were compatible with different concentrations (50 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm) of Carbendazim and Topsin M.


Table of contents Part I: Quantized matter * 2- and 3-level media * atomic interference * electromagnetically induced transparency * slow light Part II: Sine-Gordon solitons * Self-induced transparency * Sine-Gordon equation – derivation and solutions Part III: Cavity nonlinear optics * lasers * optical bistability Part IV: chi(2) media * second harmonic generation * sum and difference frequency generation * optical parametric oscillators Part V: chi(3) media * multiwave mixing * optical phase conjugation * nonlinear Schrodinger equation – derivation and solutions


In his article "Researchers create first autonomous synthetic life form" (31 Jan., p. [640][1]), Robert F. Service reports that Peter Schultz and his team at Scripps Research Institute have metabolically engineered Escherichia coli bacteria to manufacture and incorporate into its growing proteins a 21st amino acid, p -aminophenylalanine. They are now experimenting to see if the new bacterial variety will outcompete and fare better than the 20-amino acid variety. If so, Schultz says that "it would suggest that although biology has made do with 20 amino acids for billions of years, evolution could make use of plenty more." These are important and exciting results, but it is worth noting that about a billion years ago, evolution had already performed similar experiments with breakthrough success. Two new protein amino acids evolved: hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine. Probably originating from within fungal-like protists ([1][2]), this development permitted the subsequent evolution of the structural glycoproteins collagen and extensin. Functional "make-do" substitutes for these proteins using some combination of the 20 "standard" amino acids had not been achieved. Thus, the evolution of these two amino acids and their insertion into fibrous proteins was a major biochemical breakthrough for complex life. It opened the way for the origin, evolution, and diversification of the Metazoa and Metaphyta. These "rare" amino acids require molecular oxygen and oxygenase enzymes for their synthesis. The proteins also use oxygen and oxidases for the intermolecular cross-links that are important for fibril strengthening and chemical resistance. Because of this mandatory, energy-expensive, and metabolically competitive need for molecular oxygen, it is likely that the delayed appearance of complex multicellular life until the latter part of the Precambrian could be due, in part, to the lower amounts of atmospheric free oxygen available earlier on ([1][2]–[3][3]).

1. 1.[↵][4] 1. J. Billingham
 1. K. M. Towe
 , in Life in the Universe, J. Billingham, Ed. (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1981), pp. 297-306.

2. 2. 1. K. M. Towe
 , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 65, 781 (1970).
 [OpenUrl][5][Abstract/FREE Full Text][6]

3. 3.[↵][7] 1. P. E. Cloud
 , Paleobiology 2, 351 (1976).
 [OpenUrl][8][Abstract][9]

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On March 14, 2014, the General Court of the European Union (General Court) has confirmed the practice of the European Commission (Commission) regarding requests for information based on simple…


The Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are the underlying monitoring and control components of critical infrastructures, which consist of a number of distributed field devices, such as Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) and Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs). As modern ICS are connected to the Internet, in the context of their digitalization as a part of the Internet of Things (IoT) domain, a number of security threats are introduced, whose exploitation can lead to severe consequences. Honeypots and honeynets are promising countermeasures that attract attackers and mislead them from hacking the real infrastructure, while gaining valuable information about the attack patterns as well as the source of the attack. In this work, we implement an interactive, proof-of concept ICS honeypot, which is based on Conpot, that is able to emulate a physical ICS device, by replicating realistic traffic from the real device. As the honeypot runs inside a Virtual Machine, it is possible to emulate the entire organization's ICS infrastructure, a fact that is very important for the security of the modern critical infrastructure. In order to assess the proposed honeypot, a real-life demonstration scenario was designed, which involves a hydro power plant. The honeypot architecture is provided, while the structural components are presented in detail.


Abstract In southwest Georgia there are three types of shallow, seasonally inundated limesink wetlands based on soil characteristics and vegetation—grass-sedge marshes, cypress savannas, and cypress-gum swamps. We sampled wetlands of the three types from February 1997 through June 1998 during early, mid, and late hydroperiod in 1997. The wetlands had similar water chemistry soon after inundation. Over time, water in swamps generally had higher levels of dissolved organic carbon, NH4-N, NO3-N, and PO4-P, was more darkly stained, and had lower temperatures than in other wetland types. We collected 121 macroinvertebrate taxa, with 40 taxa occurring in >10% of the samples. Marshes had higher macroinvertebrate numbers and taxa richness than other wetland types. Early in the hydroperiod, macroinvertebrate assemblages were composed of taxa that overwintered in wetlands. Later, predators were abundant in the marshes, and detritivore numbers declined in swamps. Our findings suggest that water quality is influenced by interactions of vegetation, soils, and time since inundation. We believe that macroinvertebrate assemblages differed among the wetland types due mainly to vegetation. Macroinvertebrates in marshes probably have a wider variety of food sources (i.e., algae) and greater habitat structure available, whereas in swamps macroinvertebrates have more stressful conditions (i.e., low dissolved oxygen) caused by processing of large detrital inputs.


Glutathione (GSH) in tumors consumes 1O2 and seriously inhibits the PDT effect. MnO2-coated porphyrin metal-organic frameworks are developed to realize the oxidation of GSH by MnO2 for enhanced PDT, activated MR imaging, and controllable release of DOX as magnetic resonance imaging guided drug-PDT dual-therapy.


Ecological restoration is becoming an increasingly common management tool worldwide. However, a challenge still exists on how to effectively monitor restoration outcomes and evaluate restoration success for ecological restoration managers. In this review, the goal is to evaluate whether the research in a degraded area has been sufficient for fostering efficient restoration measures and follow‐up of restoration success based on the Society for Ecological Restoration (SER) criteria. We selected the Inner Mongolian Steppe (IMS) in China as a model system. This area has been the subject of substantial research over the most recent years to understand degradation processes and restoration outcomes. We put together the variables used to assess degradation and restoration needs in the IMS and analyzed restoration results based on SER's nine criteria for evaluating restoration success. We found that the accomplished research in the IMS only partially supplied the data needed for evaluation of restoration success. The available results were sufficient for a proper evaluation of species composition and tentatively supported assessments of another seven criteria but not self‐sustainability. Grazing exclusion led to the fastest and most successful recovery of degraded steppe, but landscape‐scale processes during restoration in the IMS are still incompletely known. Our review supports large‐scale restoration of the IMS and emphasizes the need for long‐time monitoring for a more complete evaluation of the outcome of the IMS restoration following all SER's criteria.


Maximum-distance separable (MDS) convolutional codes are characterized by the property that their free distance reaches the generalized Singleton bound. In this paper, new criteria to construct MDS convolutional codes are presented. Additionally, the obtained convolutional codes have optimal first (reverse) column distances and the criteria allow to relate the construction of MDS convolutional codes to the construction of reverse superregular Toeplitz matrices. Moreover, we present some construction examples for small code parameters over small finite fields.


We investigate how R&D university – industry collaboration (R&D UIC) is influenced by labor market rigidity. While it is well-established that an educated and skilled workforce will facilitate R&D UIC, another aspect of these alliances has been under-researched: the role of labor market rigidity, in particular the difficulties employers face in hiring and firing workers. We hypothesize that the size of the R&D labor pool in a country will encourage R&D UIC, and that the ease with which employers are legally allowed to hire and fire will directly and indirectly influence R&D UIC. Integrating data from various sources, we test our model on a sample of 73 countries for which information on the size of the R&D labor pool and labor market regulations are available. We also conduct a robustness test using a different proxy for R&D labor pool on a larger sample of 109 countries. Results confirm the strong link between a country's R&D labor pool and R&D UIC, as well as direct negative impacts of hiring and firing rigidity and an indirect negative impact of hiring rigidity. The findings have implications for managers, policy makers, and researchers of R&D collaboration between universities and industry.


K. Arita (Yokohama City Univ.) Recruitment of a DNA methyltransferase, DNMT1, to hemi-methylated DNA sites is crucial for DNA methylation maintenance. However, the molecular mechanism of the process remains unclear. Biochemical and structural biological processes have demonstrated that dual mono-ubiquitylation of histone H3 functions as a unique signal that recruits DNMT1 to the hemi-methylation sites. Further, the ubiquitylated histone H3 enhances the DNA methylation activity of DNMT1. The proper location and timing of DNMT1 activation are regulated by the ubiquitylated histone H3 to maintain DNA methylation fidelity.


It is generally agreed that mental morbidity is higher in close relatives of women experiencing psychotic or severe neurotic break-down postpartum than in relatives of women not disturbed in this way (Tetlow, 1955; Seager, 1960;Jansson, 1964; Melges, 1968; Protheroe, 1969). However, rather little is known about the mental morbidity of relatives of women suffering minor mental disturbance post partum or during pregnancy. Nilsson and A h g r e n (1970) observed that both women mentally disturbed during pregnancy and women mentally disturbed post partum reported a high incidence of mental illness in their close relatives. The studies cited above, with the exception of that of Nilsson and Almgren (1970), were based upon samples of women who had consulted a psychiatrist for mental illness post partum. The incidence of mental disturbance among the relatives was assessed either by means of medical records or indirectly by means of information from the para-natal women. In the present study both the para-natal women and their mothers were personally contacted. Thus, the incidence of minor as well as of major mental diseases was directly assessed in both generations. However, no direct information was collected regarding other relatives. Very little is known about the para-natal mental adaptation of the mothers or sisters of women suffering mental illness in the para-natal period. Melges (1968) pointed out that women, severely disturbed post partum, often reported "severe emotional post partum reactions among their relatives". Thus, 23 70 of these women described post partum emotional illness in their mothers and 16 9'0 in their sisters. The present sample offers an opportunity to compare the mother's report regarding her own para-natal emotional adaptation to the para-natal adaptation of the daughter.


In reading the literature dealing with the psychology of reading, one gets the impression that speed in reading depends upon the physiological factors of eye-span and eye-fixation. This may be true for children who are still learning to read ; but may it not be true that, in reading to learn, the psychological factor? the comprehension span?is the thing that conditions the speed of reading? If the latter is true, then the purpose for which reading is done should determine the speed of the reading. The experiment reported below was undertaken with a view of finding out whether or not identical material would be read at different rates of speed when read for different purposes. The study was made under the direction of Dr. F. L. Clapp, professor of Education at the University of Wisconsin. The tests were given in grade seven of the public schools of Water town, Wisconsin. The cordial cooperation of Superintendent Berto and his teachers and principals made the testing possible. On February 2, 1922, a preliminary test was given to 84 sixthand seventh-grade pupils. The sixth-grade pupils?only a few in number?were included because they belonged in the room which was being tested. The majority of the pupils, therefore, were seventh-graders. The test was based upon Test II, Form 3, of Monroe's Standardized Silent Reading Test, Revised, but the questions asked on each paragraph were placed above the paragraph instead of below it. For example, Para graph 2, as used in this test, was arranged as follows :


Clinker replacement by supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) is one strategy to reduce CO2 emissions of cement industry. Diatomaceous earth, a natural pozzolan, has been used as SCM. So, this study aimed to evaluate two Portland pozzolan blended cements with distinct content of diatomaceous earth (16DE and 49DE) and compare then with a high clinker content cement (REF). Cements were physically and chemically characterized; pastes and mortars were analyzed in terms of reactivity, water demand, and mechanical strength; finally, environmental indicators were estimated. Cements with diatomaceous earth demanded a similar volume of mix water for mortars without superplasticizer and less water than REF for mortars with superplasticizer. The chemical bound water at 91 days reduced 21% and 27% for 16DE and 49DE, respectively, in relation with REF. For binder intensity indicator, both cements had worst results compared to REF, but for carbon intensity indicator 49DE obtained better results comparing to REF.


Traditional balance sheets and income statements are standardized tables, containing labels and a limited number of annual figures. By embedding small graphical elements (sparklines) in the financial statements, companies can disclose monthly, semimonthly, or even more frequent data, greatly increasing the amount of information available to users. The usefulness of sparklines is demonstrated through four illustrative company examples.


Diabetes mellitus is a disease that threatens serious health, can cause death and the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that every 10 seconds there is one diabetes patient who dies of this disease. This makes researchers and practitioners focus their attention on detecting / diagnosing diabetes mellitus and preventing it because this disease can cause complications. The method used in this research is problem identification, data collection, pre-processing stage, classification method, validation and evaluation and conclusion drawing. The algorithm used in this study is CART and Naive Bayes by using a dataset taken from the UCI Indian Pima database repository which consists of clinical data of patients who detected positive and negative diabetes mellitus. The validation and evaluation methods used are 10-cross validation and confusion. Matrix for precision, recall and F-Measure. The results of calculations that have been done, the results of the accuracy of the CART algorithm are 76.9337% with precision 0.764%, recall 0.769%, and F-Measure 0.765%. While the diabetes dataset tested by the Naive Bayes algorithm gets an accuracy value of 73.7569% with precision 0.732%, recall 0.738%, and F-Measure 0.734%. From these results it can be concluded that to diagnose diabetes mellitus it is recommended to use the CART algorithm.


10 p. transcript of an interview with George First Rider conducted by John Hellson on November 28, 1968. Tape number IH-AA.009, transcript disc 46.


An accurate information can be useful for authorities to make good policies for preventive and mitigation after volcano eruption disaster. Monitoring of environmental parameters of post-eruption volcano provides an important information for authorities. Such monitoring system can be develop using the Wireless Network Sensor technology. Many application has been developed using the Wireless Sensor Network technology, such as floods early warning system, sun radiation mapping, and watershed monitoring. This paper describes the implementation of a remote environment monitoring system of mount Sinabung post-eruption. The system monitor three environmental parameters: soil condition, water quality and air quality (outdoor). Motes equipped with proper sensors, as components of the monitoring system placed in sample locations. The measured value from the sensors periodically sends to data server using 3G/GPRS communication module. The data can be downloaded by the user for further analysis.The measurement and data analysis results generally indicate that the environmental parameters in the range of normal/standard condition. The sample locations are safe for living and suitable for cultivation, but awareness is strictly required due to the uncertainty of Sinabung status.


The strategic planning and management of university is namely the goal management that take the data information as the carrier,the data information management provides the main basis for the formulation of the strategic plan,the implementation,evaluation and adjustment.It has great significance to enhance the data and information management for the strategic planning management of colleges and universities.To build a data and information management model that in line with the requirements of the strategic plan management,we must adhere to the premise of high school,the core of improving the mechanism,the key of enhancing the quality,emphasizing the innovative means and improving the system for the guarantee.


The genetic analysis of multivariate phenotypes has to cope with computational issues essentially due to the large number of parameters to be estimated. In recent years, dimension-reduction techniques have been proposed mainly based on principal component analysis. However, this multivariate technique does not always allow a simple and meaningful interpretation of the leading new variables. A different technique to extract latent variables able to reconstruct the (co)variance matrix of original data is the multivariate factor analysis, where extracted factors can be rotated to make their interpretation easier. In this work the factor analysis was used to extract two latent variables from Test Day milk yields, taken at different days in milk, related to peak yield and lactation persistency. A data set of 48374 lactations of 21721 Italian Simmental cows was used. Edits were on the number of Test Day records for cow (8), parity (<7), days in milk at first test (<30), lactation length (>200), n. cows per herd (>5). TD milk yields were arranged in a multivariate setting, latent factors were extracted. Factor scores were then used as new variables and analysed by a bivariate animal model that included the fixed effects of the herd, parity, year and calving season, and the random effects of the genetic additive value of the animal and of the permanent environment. Estimates of heritability are moderately low, (0.14 both for persistency and peak yield) confirming the results reported from other authors. Repeatabilities show values of 0.27 for peak and 0.29 for persistency. Particularly interesting is the moderate genetic correlation among these two variables (0.26) suggesting the possibility to select, at least to a certain extent, separately on different aspects of lactation curve shape.


Global marketing total amount of color TFT-LCD in2001year already exceed200a hundred million dollar,and just become new economy increase hotspots in internatinal.In this paper introduced the development trend,characteristics,purposes,research task and exploration trends of color TFT-LCD.also propose duly clutch at opportunity,energetically develops color TFT-LCD industry in China finally.


Land is comparatively lack in Shandong province.Thus,it is very necessary to use land concentrately.Evaluation and monitoring policies should be set up to control and manage land concentratively to guarantee realization of construction land utilization concentrately,and gained a good economic,social and environment efficiency.


The effectiveness of organic acids: propionic acid (PA) and butyric acid (BA) at two levels (0.2 and 0.3%) replacing antibiotic (AB-Virginiamycin 11mg/kg) from chick diets was evaluated in a feeding trial with 270 broiler chicks (Vencobb) by recording their performance, meat yield and immune response up to 42 d of age. Each diet was offered ad libitum to 9 replicates of 5 birds per replicate in battery brooders. The results indicated that organic acids, PA and BA at both levels of inclusion (0.2% and 0.3%) in diets enhanced (p< 0.01) broiler body weight by 8–10% over the AB and control diets (2154g vs 1960g) at 42d of age. Both organic acids significantly (p< 0.01) improved FCR (1.68–1.91), tibia weight (5.75–5.31g), tibia length (7.96–6.16 cm), breast muscle yield (13.68–14.77%), butreduced leg scores (1.04–1.50) and abdominal fat (7.5%) compared to AB and control diets. However, there was no statistical difference between PA and BA for all the effects recorded. Organic acids supplemented at 0.2% in diets was effective or better than 0.3% level suggesting that the former level is adequate in broiler diets. The study also suggested that organic acids, PA and BA supplemented at 0.2% was effective in replacing Virginiamycin (11mg/kg) from broiler diets without affecting performance up to 42 d of age.


This study has investigated the effect of carbon coating on the electrochemical performance of SnO2 Nanowires (NWs) as an electrode along with a bis (trifluoromethane) sulfonimide lithium (LiTFSI)-based electrolyte in a lithium-ion battery (LIB). The vapor–liquid–solid approach has been used to grow SnO2 NWs on the stainless steel mesh current collector. The obtained results have demonstrated that the utilization of the LiTFSI-based electrolyte improved the battery performance with the SnO2 NWs electrode over the LiPF6-based electrolyte. This may be due to the formation of a stable and thin solid electrolyte interphase layer. Since bare SnO2 NWs exhibit inferior cycling stability due to their high volumetric expansion and poor conductivity, incorporating carbon coating could improve performance. Although the initial discharge specific capacity obtained for the carbon-coated SnO2 NWs (SnO2 NWs@C) electrode (1328.4 mAh g−1) was in the order of the first discharge capacity for the SnO2 NWs, the SnO2 NWs@C electrode possessed capacity retention with six times improvement as compared to the pristine SnO2 NWs after 120 cycles. The Coulombic efficiency of 99% has been achieved for the SnO2 NWs@C electrode over 120 cycles. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the carbon coating could keep the overall structure of the electrode upon cycling. It has been evidenced that the SnO2 NWs@C electrode with LiTFSI-based electrolyte has an excellent potential to implement in high-performance LIBs.


This article is dedicated to the definition of sociocultural technologies' role in the system of keeping and development of traditions in the decorative-applied creation of arts and folk crafts' centers. The tendencies of actualization of traditional folks crafts in the sociocultural environment are characterized. The leading forms of realization of the creative potential of folk arts promoting the continuity of spiritual values and influencing on the forming of historical and cultural identity are described.


The study showed the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare expenses including the price of medicines, protective equipment, medical devices, healthcare facilities, and food. A self-administered questionnaire was used as the data collection tool and 400 people from different Bangladesh divisions (Dhaka, Chittagong, Barisal, Khulna, Mymensingh, Rajshahi, and Sylhet) participated in this study. Multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the impact of independent variables on dependent variables. R programming environment was used to perform the statistical analysis. Cronbach's alpha was used for determination of reliability and found acceptable internal consistency. The price of protective equipment (POPE), the price of a healthcare facilities (POHCF), the consequences of rising prices (CRP), and COVID-19 were independent variables. COVID-19 (CRP) was a dependent variable that measured COVID-19's impact (IC). The results of the regression analysis indicated a positive and significant impact of POPE, POHCF, and CRP on IC. However, the variance explained was still low (54.4%). Bangladesh should control the prices of all goods and services because of their influence on the impact of COVID-19. Future research should be conducted to discover other variables that affect the impact of COVID-19.


Due to the widespread usage of WiFi, securing them is and will continue to be an important task. After it was signed into IEEE 802.11 in 2004, WPA2 became the commonly used encryption standard for WiFi networks, replacing the originally as temporary solution conceived WPA. It's successor WPA3 was released in June 2018. At the time of writing it has not found widespread adoption yet. This paper aims to provide an overview on the designs of WPA2 and WPA3, including their currently known vulnerabilities. And tries to come to a conclusion on whether WPA3 is still a viable successor or if it has already been compromised


SYNOPSIS.
For development of flagella by myxamoebae of the true slime mold, Didymium nigripes, optimal results were obtained when they were incubated in 0.05 M NaHCOa (pH 9.1). Streptomycin inhibited flagella formation in pH 6.2 phosphate buffer but had no effect in NaHC03. The time necessary for 50% of the population of myxamoebae to become flagellated was independent of the concentration of myxamoebae; hence, the morphogenesis probably follows first-order kinetics. The acquisition of flagella was divisible into 4 stages by means of time-lapse cinephotomicroscopy: an ameboid stage, a stage of morphogenesis, an ameboid-flagellate stage, and a free-swimming flagellate stage. At least 90% of the population developed flagella within 60 min. under optimal conditions. The flagellar apparatus consists of a long and a short flagellum, each arising from a granule in the blepharo-plast. The blepharoplast is connected to the nucleus by a rhizoplast.


Biology, chemistry and physics might be taught as separate subjects, but sometimes they are taught as combined with one another or with other subjects. Nationally and internationally the concept in ...


Introduction. In this paper we shall study a compact intrinsic topology for a lattice and obtain a few relationships between this topology and certain well-known intrinsic topologies for lattices. We obtain as a result the fact that for a large class of lattices, compactness of the order topology implies that our compact topology and the order topology coincide. Let L be a lattice and { xa }, a net in L. We define the limit inferior, L* {xa } = VaAbla Xb, and the limit superior, L* {xa} = AaVb?a Xb. Then, provided they exist, L* { xa} I L* {Ixa }. If L* { xa I = L* { xa } = x, we say that the net { xa } order converges to x. Let C be a subset of L. C is said to be order closed iff no net in C order converges to a point outside of C. The collection of order closed sets comprises the closed sets for a topology for L. We call this topology the order topology for L and designate it by O(L). The collection of sets of the form {x:x;c} and {x:x>c} for cGL forms the sub-base of the closed sets of a weaker topology called the interval topology and designated by I(L). It is known that for any lattice L, L is complete iff L with the interval topology is compact. (See G. Birkhoff's Lattice theory.)


With the growing interest of producing high solar electrical output at lower cost, concentrating high solar flux over small area of solar cells is one of the options for reducing the amount of semi-conductor material required for same relative output and thus lowering the overall operation cost. Positively, such an approach can improve the energy conversion efficiency of the solar cells. However, significant challenge is involved in dissipating the excess heat and thus maintain the operating temperature of the cells below permissible limit (<100 o C). Due to the low efficiency of the photovoltaic, active cooling using mechanical pumps are not a very energy efficient proposal as it will decrease the useful power output from the concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) system. In this regard, passive cooling can be considered favourable alternative as it does not required any additional power input to operate the cooling module. This paper presents a passive cooling design based on the phase change material (PCM) thermal storage for thermal control of the solar cells under concentrated sunlight. The cooling module consists of PCM storage container, heat pipe based on heat transfer system for transporting heat from the solar cells to the PCM thermal storage during the daytime operation of the solar system and heat pipe based system to dissipate heat from the PCM storage to the night time ambient. The paper presents and analyses the design of the thermal storage system. Approaches to improve the thermal conductivity of the PCM thermal storage has also been discussed. The proposed design will help to improve the power efficiency of the CPV system while maintaining the operating temperature within acceptable working range by fully passive means.


Immunisation is the procedure of providing a vaccine to a person in order to protect him or her against disease. This process has been widely recognized and adopted as one of the world's most successful and cost-effective health interventions. Vaccines have been saving millions of lives worldwide from deadly infectious diseases and viruses, such as hepatitis, measles and polio. However, the COVID outbreak in the late 2019 has witnessed huge devastation on the global health front. For now, vaccine is the only cost-effective health intervention to control the spread of virus and completely eradicating it. Technological breakthroughs are making a significant contribution to the improvement of healthcare. Blockchain technology is one example of such a disruptive technology. Blockchains have the potential to improve the healthcare system in a variety of ways. In this paper, we have thoroughly discussed how we can create vaccine awareness across the globe by focusing on parents, healthcare workers, frontline workers, policymakers, media, and ultimately how everyone must work together to ensure that every individual in every country gets the vaccine. We also discussed how blockchain technology may be applied to many sectors of healthcare and the benefits it can provide in terms of enhancing global network healthcare systems.


Objective To observe the effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) on neuronal apoptosis in cerebellar cortex following ischemia reperfusion in rats.Methods Global ischemia in SD rats was induced using four-vessel occlusion. Using transmission electron microscopy,the changes of histology and ultrastructure of the cerebellum were observed at reperfusion for 7 days after 30 min of ischemia in groups with and without treatment with NGF. Using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick endlabeling(TUNEL),the neuronal apoptosis in cerebellar cortex was observed.Results The structural damage of cerebellar neuron reduced markedly in the treatment group than that in the control group.Conclusion It was suggested that NGF has a protective effect on neuronal apoptosis by ischemic insults.


The present invention is generally related to the field of nucleic acid, more specifically, the therapeutic agents, as diagnostic agents, also relates to aptamers useful in research for such validation target. The present invention further provides therapeutic agents, associated with the materials and methods for enhancing an aptamer for use in diagnostics and research. A method of identifying a single-stranded aptamer substituted, a) step substituting phosphate groups to phosphorothioate or phosphorodithioate in the linkages positions of the stranded aptamer; b) one substituted assaying for target affinity chain aptamer; except that it does not have and c) phosphorothioate substitutions having a target increased affinity as compared to the target affinity of the starting aptamer is identical to the single-stranded aptamer modified comprises identifying single stranded aptamers substituted, methods are also provided.


The study examined strategies used by crop farmers in coping with the effects of agricultural land conflicts in Imo State, Nigeria. A sample of 288 crop farmers selected using the multistage sampling technique participated in the study. Data were collected from the farmers using a structured interview schedule and analyzed using percentages and mean. The result showed that maize (94.1%), leafy vegetables (86.8%), yam (77.0%), fruity vegetable (73.5%) and plantain (72.8%) were the major crops grown by the farmers. Perceived causes of land conflicts included undocumented agreement over land use between individuals (97.2%), lack of marked boundaries (89.5%), increasing the value of land (89.5%), new laws, policies or programmes (72.8%), migration (72.8%) and land grabbing (72.8%). Perceived effects of land conflict on crop production were a decline in income (X̅ = 3.8), lack of financial resources (X̅ = 3.8), shortage of inputs (X̅ = 3.8), increase in the cost of inputs (X̅ = 3.8), lack of market for produce (X̅ = 3.8), land redundancy (X̅ = 3.7), improperly timed farming activities (X̅= 3.7), loss lives (X̅ = 3.7) and reduction in plot size (X̅ = 3.5, S.D = 1.0). Coping strategies used were divesting from crop production (X̅ = 4.0), diversification of farm enterprises (X̅ = 3.9), appeasing other parties (X̅=3.9), praying for peace (X̅ = 3.9) and adopting less risky income-generating activities (X̅ = 3.8). It was recommended that existing land governance systems be reviewed in order to accommodate recent changes. Keywords: Conflict resolution, coping strategies, agricultural land, crop farmers, effects, rural areas.


The invention provides a laminate optical film production method. The laminate optical film production method wherein at least a first optical film and a second optical film are laminated via an adhesive layer that is formed by curing an active-energy-ray-curable adhesive composition, the production method using an active-energy-ray-curable adhesive composition that contains at least two different active-energy-ray-curable adhesive compositions, including a first active-energy-ray-curable adhesive composition and a second active-energy-ray-curable adhesive composition. The production method includes the execution of a coating step wherein a bonding surface of the first optical film is coated with the first active-energy-ray-curable adhesive composition and a bonding surface of the second optical film is coated with the second active-energy-ray-curable adhesive composition.


We predict three measurable free energy related signatures of the condensed excitons in DQWs and propose experiments for their measurements. The first two are related to the static as well as dynamical measurements of the attractive critical Casimir force in the DQW geometry arising due to the presence of a sharp phase boundary defined by the critical coupling constant (i.e. the layer separation), the temperature, the exciton number and the electron-hole number imbalance. We also propose, in a somewhat similar geometry, a third experiment that distinguishes electrostatically the dependence of the free energy on the exciton concentration between a free exciton gas and an exciton condensate. The proposed experiments are regarded as highly conclusive on the presence of the exciton condensate, with a result irrespective from the relative strengths of the dark/bright components, a clear diffculty in understanding the nature of the condensed excitonic ground state.


OF THE MANY POST-NEOLITHIC SLAVE SOCIETIES, those of the European-dominated Americas appear to have had the most obvious economic foundations. In the words of a recent, widely read survey, "The Slaves of the New World were economic property, and the main motive for slaveholding was economic exploitation."' Historians are careful to distance themselves from purely economic theories of human behavior, but on this issue the distance is usually rather short. The often bitter debates on the nature and meaning of New World slavery have produced few since Adam Smith who questioned the basic motivation of the early plantation owners. Simply put, people from one continent forced those from a second continent to produce a narrow range of consumer goods in a thirdhaving first found the third's native population inadequate to their purpose. Even those who have wrestled with the relationship between racism and slavery have seen the racial basis of American slavery primarily as an economic phenomenon. Eric Williams, Oscar Handlin, Carl Degler, Winthrop Jordan, William McKee Evans, and others may disagree on the origins of racism but not on the origins of racial slavery in the Americas. Slaves from Africa were used to grow sugar and other plantation crops, it has been argued, because they comprised the least-cost option. Even George Frederickson, the historian who has perhaps looked furthest beyond class and economics for the sources of racism, has written that if white slavery had appeared profitable, it would have been introduced.2 And, indeed, everything we know about early modern European commercial elites and planters would support such an interpretation. Whatever our definition of capitalism, we would expect such elites to have used the cheapest option possible within the limits of mercantilist policies. But did this in fact happen? It has become clear in recent years that economic paradigms have limited usefulness in explaining the ending of slavery. The


1Junior Resident, R.G.Kar Medical College, Kolkata, India; 2Assistant Professor, R.G.Kar Medical College, Kolkata, India A 46-year-old female patient presented with generalised weakness, weight loss and progressive darkening of the skin on both hands and feet over the previous year. There was no history of fever, altered bowel habits, sensation of tingling or numbness, memory loss, seizure, diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis, abdominal surgery or intake of any regular medication. The patient was a non-smoker, did not drink alcohol and followed a vegetarian diet. The physical examination revealed pallor and hyperpigmentation over palmar and dorsal aspect of hands and feet, with accentuation over terminal phalanges, knuckles, and creases (Figure 1, 2). Other mucocutaneous and systemic examination was non-contributory. Laboratory analysis showed reduced haemoglobin (7.3 gm/dl; reference range 12.1 to 15.1 gm/ dl), and vitamin B12 level (69 pg/ml; normal 180-900 pg/ ml). Serum cortisol, electrolytes, folic acid, iron, fasting blood sugar, liver, renal and thyroid profi le were within normal limits. The upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was unremarkable. Based on the clinical and laboratory fi ndings, a diagnosis of vitamin B12 defi ciency was established. The patient was then treated with oral cyanocobalamin 1mg daily for initial two weeks and then weekly. A signifi cant improvement was seen in the fi rst month of treatment.


Recently prominent readers in Shakespeare have embraced Warren B. Austin's 1969 computer-based study which concludes that Henry Chettle wrote Greene's Groatsworth of Wit. However, Austin's study is flawed primarily because Austin excludes hosts of data related to his conclusion, while also misreading the data that continuously point to Robert Greene as Groatsworth's author. Austin studies just five of Greene's thirty-two known prose works and rules out studying many of Greene's words on the sole basis of their subject matter, words like repent that connect Greene to the writing of Groatsworth. Austin is also silent about Chettle's stated role as copyist and overseer in preparing and printing Groatsworth. Prominent in this discussion are the six 'Greene plus' words Austin identifies, but does not analyse, that appear often in Groatsworth and Greene's other prose writings, but never in Chettle. Especially important are the forty-one rare and unique words presented here that Austin excludes from his study and which constitute direct evidence of Greene's hand in writing the complete text of Groatsworth. Nor does Austin study the orthography of Groatsworth, which differs significantly from Chettle's Kind Harts Dreame and suggests different authors for each work. Austin's findings should, therefore, be set aside, while renewed consideration is given to the lexical and orthographical evidence presented in this article that continues to identify Greene as Groatsworth's author, that is, as someone familiar enough with Shakespeare's early theatre practices to criticize them.


"For an explanation of observably step-by-step variations of geodynamic and geophysical processes the mechanism of sharp sporadic relative displacements of the core and the mantle and deformations of the mantle in the certain periods of time (the phenomenon of "galloping of the core") is offered. Apparently, this mechanism results in spasmodic variations of axial rotation of the Earth, causes gallop in value of a phase of Chandler motion of a pole, to sharp changes of the intense condition in zones of catastrophes" ([1], p. 61).


Convolutional neural network (CNN) is one of the appearance-based methods, and this method has a potential for pupil center point detection problem. However, CNN requires a very large amount of training data. To overcome this problem, data augmentation (DA) is useful solution. In this paper, we investigate the effects of three DA approaches; affine transformation-based approach, synthetic image-based approach, and generative adversarial network (GAN)-based approach, and evaluate the effectiveness of DA for pupil center point detection task using an off-the-shelf CNN model. We set eleven conditions of the training data, and evaluated the detection accuracy. The result showed that higher detection accuracy was obtained for eye image by applying affine transformation. In our pupil center point detection task, it is found that affine transformation-based approach of DA is effective.


In nonlinear model identification, mathematical modellers need to find the best input variables by training and testing all the likely model input combinations. This is very time consuming since a complete model development cycle is needed for each input variable combination. In this study, the Gamma Test (GT) is explored for its suitability in reducing model development workload and providing input data guidance before actual models are developed. The nonlinear dynamic model tested is the generalized regression neural network (GRNN). It has been found that the overall performance of the Gamma Test is quite encouraging and the GT demonstrates its huge potential for efficient GRNN model development. The Gamma values are able to provide a good indication about the achievable accuracy for the GRNN models and this has a distinctive advantage over the traditional model selection approaches.


The monoand heteronuclear lanthanide-containing complexes on the basis of 1,3-disubstituted p-tert-butylcalix[4] arenes modified with macrocyclic (porphyrin) and acyclic (benzimidazole) nitrogen-containing fragments were investigated. The optimal conditions of synthesis, compositions and structures of lanthanide complexes with functionalized calix[4]arenes were determined. The influence of the structure of compounds on the spectral-luminescent properties of both the ligands and their complexes was analyzed.


The present invention relates to a cosmetic or dermatological composition, in a physiologically acceptable carrier comprising: a) at least one oily phase; b) at least corresponding to the kinds of the cyanine compound of formula (1), and a portion which E / E - or E / Z- geometric isomers: wherein R is alkyl C-C, C-C alkenyl group, alkynyl group C-C, C-C C-C cycloalkyl, or cycloalkenyl group, the group group may be interrupted one or more O, and c) at least UVA- species screening agents selected from (i) amino-2-hydroxy-substituted benzophenone compound; (ii) a hydrophilic organic screening agents UVA- and (iii) mixtures thereof; UVA- the hydrophilic organic screening agents in an amount greater than 0.5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. The present invention further relates to a care and / or non-therapeutic cosmetic process for making up keratin materials, comprising administering species defined as at least a composition according to the present invention the surface of the keratin materials. The present invention further relates to skin darkening for limiting and / or color to improve the color and / or color uniformity of the non-therapeutic cosmetic method which comprises administering in combination of at least a composition as defined before to the surface of the keratin materials. The present invention also relates to the prevention and / or non-therapeutic cosmetic method of treating aged angle signs protein material, at least comprising administering a composition as previously defined species to the surface of the keratin materials.


This paper presents a comparative performance assessment between a fictitious impedance based model reference adaptive system (Z-MRAS) with well-known instantaneous reactive power based MRAS (Q-MRAS) in space-vector modulation (SVM) based direct torque control (DTC) of grid-connected doubly-fed induction machine (DFIM) drive. Both the methods are free from flux terms and are also independent of stator/rotor resistances. Moreover, both Z-/Q-MRAS when used in combination with DTC-SVM scheme for DFIM the torque and flux ripples reduces drastically in comparison to conventional DTC of DFIM drive. The effectiveness of the control algorithms are verified in MATLAB/Simulink. The experimental results obtained by dSPACE-1103 based laboratory prototype further validate the simulation results.


Measurements were made of the response to wind action of the 265‐m high, reinforced concrete stack at Mount Isa Mines in Queensland, Australia. Data were reduced from accelerometer, strain gage and pressure transducer records from four wind storms. Particular attention was paid to determining reference freestream wind speeds at stack height and wind structure, which involved using records from a number of anemometer sites and for which position errors were determined from topographical model studies in a boundary layer wind tunnel. In this paper, the full scale data are reduced and presented such that they can readily be used to compare with results from physical and mathematical model studies of stack response to wind action. Mean, standard deviation and peak tip displacements, and base overturning moment coefficients are given, along with estimates of structural damping, peak factors and dominant wake frequencies, at Reynolds numbers up to 2×107.


Objective To investigste the significance and relationship in pulmonary function between allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma.Method Patients with allergic rhinitis,patients with bronchial asthma and the healthy people were enrolled into group A,group B and group C,respectively.The pulmonary function was measured by American Sensor-Medics 6200 physical description box.Results V25%,V50% in group A and B showed lower than those in group C,with significant differences(P0.01);V50% of group A significantly increased,with significant difference compared with group B(P0.05);RV% in group B showed higher than those in group A and C,with significant differences(P0.01);Raw% in group A and B showed much higher than those in group C,with significant differences(P0.05);FVE1%:group B was lower than group C(P0.05),while there were no significant differences between group A and group C,and between group A and group B;DLCO% in group B was significantly higher than that in group A and C(P0.05).Conclusion The effects of lung functions are similar in two groups and the effect factor is mainly small airway obstructive,which is stronger in asthma.


The paper addresses the surging topic of H-abstractions by closed-shell molecules, such as MnO4−, α-methylstyrene, ketones, metal-oxo reagents, etc. It is found that in the normal hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) regime, closed-shell abstractors require high barriers for H-abstraction. Under certain conditions a closed-shell abstractor can bypass this penalty via a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanism. This occurs mainly in the identity reactions, e.g. MnO4− abstracting a hydrogen atom from MnO4H−·, but not in the corresponding non-identity reactions with alkanes. The usage of the valence bond (VB) diagram model allows us to characterize the HAT/PCET mechanistic relationship and bridge their reactivity patterns. It is thus shown that in the normal HAT regime, high barriers for closed-shell abstractors occur due to the additional promotion energy that is required in order to create a radical center and "prepare" the abstractor for H-abstraction. Mixing of the PCET states into the HAT states mitigates however these high barriers. The variable HAT/PCET mixing in a reaction series is discussed and its consequences for reactivity are outlined. It is shown that non-identity reactions sample PCET characters that depend, among other factors, on the C–H bond strength of the alkane, and hence may cause the Marcus analysis to produce different identity barriers for the same identity reaction.


Abstract This study has been conducted to analyse the domestic trends of non-CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbon) insulation materials and the thermal characteristics of carbon dioxide-foamed insulation materials. With a growing interest in low-energy building, the insulation market has developed towards high performance insulation materials. Under the Montreal Protocol to phase out the use and production of CFCs, the extruded polystyrene insulation materials have to replace Hydro-chlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) with other foaming agents, for example, carbon dioxides. This study also analysed the correlation of cell size, void fraction and thermal conductivity through literature review. As a result, the thermal conductivity was found to be decreased with a higher void fraction and smaller cell size if the cell size of CO2-foamed extruded polystyrene becomes under 100 µm.


In the implementarion of the simultaneously post election in 2018, the Election Commission of Republic Indonesian issued regulation No.5/2017 concerning compaign funds for the participants of the Governor an Deputy Governon, regent and Deputy Regent, and/or Mayor and deputy Mayor. This research is directed at the determinants of the compliance with the implementation of the Election Commission regulation, both by candidate pairs  and by the political parties, whichs aims to find out what factors influence the implementaion of that KPU RI regulation.         The assessment process is carried out objectively, systematically, rationally, which is supported by empirical facts in order to find the truth, for the the purpose of developing science, especially regional finance, which is related to compaign funds. The research technique was carried out with descriptive fenomenology, with the location of the study being the election commission located in 11 districts and 2 municipalities in South Kalimantan province. The descriptive fenomenology approach was used by researcher to explore the phnomenon because the participants wanted to know about it (as many as 10 key person as related informants) and the researchers acted as instrumentes in teh ddata collection process.          The results of the study indicate that there are several things that have the potential to be determinants of the suitability of the implementation of The RI Election Commision regulation No.5/2017 are the electoral system and compaign finance management, the existence of a high-cost compaign process, the content of ele toral policies and the context of policy implementation (in relation of the level human resources competence, the availability of adewuate human resources, the power of actors in influencing the effectiveness for political elite).


Multiferroic Bi1-xSmxFeO3(x=0,0.05,0.1)ceramics were prepared by rapid liquid phase sintering method.The crystal and dielectric properties were studied.The results showed that Bi1-xSmxFeO3 samples were three perovskite.At room temperature,mixing right amount of Sm3+ can improve dielectic properties of BiFeO3.Dielectric constant is improved and dielectric loss is decreased.


The article reveals the universal common to all mankind prescriptions, that habitual to religious legal thought, common humanistic tendencies for Judaism and Christianity. It analyzes jewish vision of three levels of morals development.


Abstract This paper considers optimizing a submodular function subject to a set of downward closed constraints. Previous literature on this problem has often constructed solutions by (1) discovering a fractional solution to the multi-linear extension and (2) rounding this solution to an integral solution via a contention resolution scheme. This line of research has improved results by either optimizing (1) or (2). Diverging from previous work, this paper introduces a principled method called contention resolution extensions of submodular functions. A contention resolution extension combines the contention resolution scheme into a continuous extension of a discrete submodular function. The contention resolution extension can be defined from effectively any contention resolution scheme. In the case where there is a loss in both (1) and (2), by optimizing them together, the losses can be combined resulting in an overall improvement. This paper showcases the concept by demonstrating that for the problem of optimizing a non-monotone submodular subject to the elements forming an independent set in an interval graph, the algorithm gives a .188-approximation. This improves upon the best known 1 2e ' .1839 approximation.


It is well known that the Euclidean algorithm or its equivalent, continued fractions, can be used to find the error locator polynomial needed to decode a Reed-Solomon (RS) code. It is shown that this algorithm can be used for both time and transform domain decoding by replacing its initial conditions with the Forney syndromes and the erasure locator polynomial. By this means both the errata locator polynomial and the errate evaluator polynomial can be obtained with the Euclidean algorithm. With these ideas, both time and transform domain Reed-Solomon decoders for correcting errors and erasures are simplified and compared. As a consequence, the architectures of Reed-Solomon decoders for correcting both errors and erasures can be made more modular, regular, simple, and naturally suitable for VLSI implementation.


Ranked choice voting (RCV) is a method of voting where individuals rank their choices for each race in an election, rather than selecting a single candidate. For paper ballot implementations, there are three basic formats: bubble grid, column, and handwritten. This study aimed to understand which format produces the best outcomes with the fewest errors. Using a between-subjects design, we measured voting time, errors, success rates, and overall subjective usability using the System Usability Scale (SUS). Results showed that the handwritten format took significantly longer to complete. However, the handwritten ballot errors were recoverable and generally did not invalidate the ballots. The column and bubble grid ballots had significant errors, with fewer errors on the bubble grid format. There was no significant difference in SUS scores, nor any contribution of demographics across ballot types. Ballot format directly dictates the time taken to vote, usability, and overall voter success.


A novel ligand‐binding site with functional implications has been identified in phospholipase A2 (PLA2). The binding of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agent indomethacin at this site blocks both catalytic and anti‐coagulant actions of PLA2. A group IIA PLA2 has been isolated from Daboia russelli pulchella (Russell's viper) which is enzymatically active as well as induces a strong anti‐coagulant action. The binding studies have shown that indomethacin reduces the effects of both anti‐coagulant and pro‐inflammatory actions of PLA2. A group IIA PLA2 was co‐crystallized with indomethacin and the structure of the complex has been determined at 1.4 Å resolution. The structure determination has revealed the presence of an indomethacin molecule in the structure of PLA2 at a site which is distinct from the conventional substrate‐binding site. One of the carboxylic group oxygen atoms of indomethacin interacts with Asp 49 and His 48 through the catalytically important water molecule OW 18 while the second carboxylic oxygen atom forms an ionic interaction with the side chain of Lys 69. It is well known that the residues, His 48 and Asp 49 are essential for catalysis while Lys 69 is a part of the anti‐coagulant loop (residues, 54–77). Indomethacin binds in such a manner that it blocks the access to both, it works as a dual inhibitor for catalytic and anti‐coagulant actions of PLA2. This new binding site in PLA2 has been observed for the first time and indomethacin is the first compound that has been shown to bind at this novel site resulting in the prevention of anti‐coagulation and inflammation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Objective To discuss the clinical characters and pathogenesis of ophthamoplegic migraine(OM).Methods The clinical characteristics,accessory examination,therapeutic result and differential diagnosis were analysed in 6 cases.Results The incidence of OM is high in young people when compared with that in other age groups.Oculomotor paralysis is much more than abducent paralysis.Trochlear paralysis is rare.Conclusion OM is related with many causes, It may leave behind sequelae in patients suffered many times . Differential diagnosis should focus on THS.


This guide presents key resources for finding physical properties and spectra of chemicals using both the electronic and the print resources at the University of Pennsylvania.


Luṭfī Pasha of Shkodral, one of the viziers of Suleiman the magnificent, wrote famous works in fields such as history, politics, the art of war, and in addition he wrote various books on Islamic sciences, especially in the field of Kalam. In this study, we will take Luṭfī Pasha's approach to the subject of Faith (īmān), The Risāla fi Beyâni Asli'l-Imân ve Cevherihi ve Sifâtihi of Luṭfī Pasha will be evaluated from the point of view of Kalam science and reason why the book was written will be investigated, the position of the book's views in classical Kalam sources will be tried to be determined. The position, sources and influence of Luṭfī Pasha's book will be investigated and Lutfi Pasha's own views will be explained.


MOLLUSCUM contagiosum is a skin condition caused by a large virus. It may spread through public swimmling baths, infected garments, and contaminated cosmetics and fingers, and may involve the face, hands, and genitalia. When the lid margin is involved, particularly the upper lid, it induces conjunctivitis which is follicular in nature, and is sometimes accompanied by keratitis which may simulate trachoma (Sorsby, 1951). Molluscum nodules in the bulbar conjunctiva were reported by Ballaban (1903) and Redslob (1927), and on the cornea by Quill (1940).


In this paper,by introducing the integral operator P(I),the(0,P(I)) lacunary antiperiodic Trigonometric interpolation and the 2-periodic(0,P(I)) lacunary ant-periodic trigonometric interpolation are studied,the condition of the existence of solutions is obtained,and the formula is determined if it existed.


We study the eigenvalue of the Wishart matrix which is created form the time series with the temporal correlation. When there is no correlation, the eigenvalue distribution of the Wishart matrix is known as the Marchenko-Pastur distribution (MPD) in the double scaling limit. When there is the temporal correlation, the eigenvalue distribution converges to the deformed MPD which has longer tail and higher peak than the MPD. We discuss the moments of the distribution and the convergence to the deformed MPD. We show the second moment increases as the temporal correlation increases. When the temporal correlation is the power decay, we can confirm the phase transition. When $\gamma>1/2$ which is the power index, the second moment of the distribution is finite and the largest eigenvalue is finite. On the other hand, when $\gamma\leq 1/2$, the second moment is infinite and the maximum eigenvalue is infinite.


This paper firstly introduces the status of network safety, network safety aim, traditional network safety technology and necessity of network intrusion detection system (NIDS). Secondly, this paper discusses the concepts and definitions of NIDS. Thirdly, this paper analyzes structure and key technologies of NIDS. Finally, introduces an example software of NIDS –snort.


Three psychiatric judgmental ratio scales (impairment-severity, constitutionality, and susceptibilty to external stress) involving 15 functional psychosis classifications as stimuli were unidimensionally cluster analyzed. These scales were based on the scaled judgments (magnitude estimations) of 87 senior psychiatrists. Four-five clusters emerged with each scale. These analyses were computed from similarity measures (derived from scale values) which denoted degree of similarity between stimuli on a scale. A multidimensional cluster analysis based on averaged (across scales) similarity measures was also accomplished. All cluster analyses (unidimensional and multidimensional) appeared to group stimuli (classifications) into meaningful clusters.


Natural gas is the main energy resource for buildings in Argentina. Since 2002, subsidies have kept the prices of this fuel between 9 and 26 times lower than regular prices in other countries. The lowest prices are the result of climate-related subsidies. In cold areas, heating uses several times more energy than locations in Europe with a similar climate. A potential for consumption reductions of up to 70% suggests a very low building thermal performance. The main barriers to finding a solution are the heavy subsidies and public unawareness. Users, government officials, and construction professionals do not identify the very low thermal efficiency. Energy policies to encourage improvements are proposed.


Demoor1, 2 has described a humoral regulatory substance elaborated by the nodal tissue of the heart which has the property of conferring rhythmicity upon the aperiodic beat of an isolated left auricle. His theory is based chiefly upon the observation that the right auricle of the rabbit or guinea pig, excised and dropped into a Ringer-Locke solution, soon assumes a regular rhythm; the left auricle, however, gives only aperiodic, jerky beats in this solution. If now, the solution in which the right auricle has been active for a while is poured over the left auricle, the latter gives rhythmical beats. Demoor has prepared both saline and alcoholic extracts of the right auricle of the rabbit which were able to confer periodicity upon the isolated left auricle of the rabbit. He has named this unknown substance the "active substance" of the heart. The writers have been able to confirm his observations. All solutions used in the experiments were made from Baker's analyzed chemicals, recrystallized. The Ringer-Locke solution employed consisted of NaCl 0.9%, CaCl2 0.024%, KCl 0.042%, NaHCO3 0.01%, and Dextrose 0.1%. The pH was adjusted to 7.4, and the solution was oxygenated and maintained at a temperature of 37°C. throughout the experiment. An adult rabbit was placed under light ether anesthesia, the heart was exposed and perfused through the ascending vena cava with the Ringer-Locke solution for a short time to free the heart of blood. The heart was then excised and both auricles removed, care being taken to see that the venous openings were included in each preparation and that the left auricle was wholly free of septum. Each auricle was then placed in a few cc.'s of the warmed Ringer-Locke solution.


Socio-economic development of Siberia and the Far East, based mainly on the exploitation of natural resources, associated with serious risks. It's necessary to look for another way, which can really ensure sustainable growth and reintegration of Eastern regions in national economic space. The author have in mind the way of «neoindustrialization», balanced development of the manufacturing and resource sectors in the interests of the Federation, regions and business. That is the essence of the «new Eastern policy» of Russia.


Procedure calls provide a synchronous interface to call downward through successive layers of abstraction, and remote procedure calls allow the layers to reside in different address spaces. A design is given for distributed upcalls, a mechanism for propagating upcalls across address space boundaries. Distributed upcalls provide a natural complement to remote procedure calls, allowing the user to arbitrarily place abstractions in the server or in the client. A server structuring system called CLAM, which is currently being used to support an extensible window management system, is presented. The CLAM system, including distributed upcalls, remote procedure call extensions to C++, dynamic loading, and basic window classes, is currently running under 4.3BSD Unix on Microvax workstations.<<ETX>>


The modern society perception of science members infl uences the reproduction and succession of cadre scientifi c potential, the conditions of modern scientists work and the potential "brain drain" abroad. Also it predetermines the authorities position towards scientists that infl uences the amount of the science fi nancing. The mirror of public opinion is able to reveal the nuances which make up a portrait of the modern scientist.


We report a study on the static second hyperpolarizabilities (γ) of zethrenes using the UBHandHLYP hybrid density functional theory method. Though zethrenes were originally considered as closed-shell systems, the values of their diradical characters, calculated from the occupation numbers of spin-unrestricted Hartree-Fock natural orbitals (UNOs), demonstrate an open-shell diradical nature, which increases with the size of the middle ring region because of the recovery of the aromaticity in that region. As references, we examine also the γ values of tetrabenzopolyacenes, which are regarded as the corresponding closed-shell systems due to their negligible diradical characters. It is found that the longitudinal γ values for zethrenes are much larger than those of the corresponding reference closed-shell systems, whereas their ratio, γ(zethrene)/γ(reference), is reduced when increasing the length of middle ring regions, i.e., when increasing the diradical character.


This paper generalizes the cross-entropy error function to improve the EBP (error back propagation) algorithm of multilayer perceptrons. The generalized error function reduces the probability that output nodes are near the wrong extreme value as well as the correct extreme value of sigmoid function. As a result, we can accelerate the learning speed of the EBP algorithm with improved generalization performance. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated in a handwritten digit recognition task.


Modern folklore as a conglomerate of traditional, newly emerging genres and marginalized forms exists in the urban environment, demonstrating both continuity and change, reflecting orientations of modern folk consciousness. Regardless of the origin, song genres in the urban environment turn to the topic of the city, offer the "genre interpretation" and build the "genre-determined" image of the city. The purpose of this work is to identify genre conditions in the representation of the image of Tomsk in urban folk songs. The material are texts of urban romances, bard songs (made by folklore laws), student folklore and chastooshkas recorded in the urban environment of Tomsk. In the research the following issues were considered: features of portrayal of the city as such in urban culture, in contrast to the village one; features of representation of the city characteristic of Tomsk urban culture; specifics of portrayal of Tomsk in some subcultures of the city. In urban culture citizens actualize image of the city through stereotypes and cliches associated with the perception of a city which is largely due to a certain normative notion of the city as a concentration of the intellectual forces of the city's companies, architectural masterpieces, cultural facilities, etc., fixed in a given culture or subculture. Student songs describe the main characteristics of the city represented in art and poetry, in the media and in political discourse. Student folklore depicts Tomsk as a Siberian university town. This is a holistic system performing a single function. The spatial organization of the city is not represented in texts of student songs being irrelevant for the self-identity of the student-resident of the city. In urban romances and bard songs the center of attention is a person living in a graceless world; the events unfold in the worldly plane. These texts represent "consumer" Tomsk as a complex organism with a division into districts that have their own history and mythology and are in opposition relations to each other. Citizens model the image of the city on the basis of the historical and mythological context of a single district and the city as a whole. In Tomsk chastooshkas, the main urban themes are love, social and political issues traditional for the genre. Student Tomsk appears through the prism of socio-cultural and socio-economic issues that allow students to self-identify, create a normative idea of the Alma Mater. Socio-political themes are discussed as the opposition of the government and the people, which is characteristic for the chas-tooshka.


As a replacement for the large, high-horsepower trenching barges that require anchors and anchor-handling tugboats, the Eager Beaver underwater trencher is light enough to be handled by a dynamically positioned ship while making better trenches in a greater variety of soils. The self-propelled, fully automatic vehicle consists of a drive frame that follows the contours of the seabed and a hydraulically suspended working frame that follows the pipeline. Two pivoting arms equipped with chain cutters form the trench on either side of the pipeline; a third cutter clears the trench of soil. The final trench has slopes of 60/sup 0/ and a depth of up to 8 ft.


Cosmetics are composed of a mixture of chemicals and natural compounds, and most adverse effects occur due to sharing the same products and using the makeup after the expiry date. This behavior tends to increase the side effects of cosmetics due to pathogenic infections. Lack of awareness and knowledge were found to be the main factors that could affect women's perception which plays a critical role in using expired cosmetic preparations and had negative impact on health behavior. It has been shown that awareness, reference groups, experience, and information produced a statistically significant effect on the perception. In addition, knowledge didn't have a statistically significant effect. Regarding utilizing the second-hand used cosmetics products, 84 % of women agreed that they have used those that belonged to another person. There is a need to educate women about the possible risks of expired or previously used cosmetics by formal channels, internet websites, and social media.


This report focuses on concepts and ideas that make use of big data extracted from vehicles. Activities related specifically to EVs are facilitated by designing mobile applications. The first steps of the design process of smart charging application are presented.


In April 2016 the PhD thesis Method of Interior Design, proposed to answer two central questions: (1) The professionals of D.I. Do you use any methodology to carry out your projects? If they do, do the methodological techniques they use meet the needs required by users in the design of interior design projects in the residential segment? (2) Do interior design professionals have ergonomic knowledge to design their projects? And how do the


Background: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2003 to January 2004 at the Carlos J. Finlay School of Medicine by surveying teachers of the Bachelor of Nursing Course, and nursing scholars involved in primary health care. The study, aimed to diagnose professional skill acquisition, embodied a sample of 22 teachers and 129 health personnel. The curriculum was assessed and profiled. As it came out, the most common scenarios were the family physician offices (66, 66 %), where professional skills were assessed (86, 36 %). We conclude that most relevant skills were inferring, establishing priority, assessing, and executing. Diagnosis results were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively through the SPSS system, which lead ultimately to a proposal for curriculum design that includes acquisition of such skills. DeCS: COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING


Tricyclo‐DNA (tc‐DNA) is a conformationally restricted oligonucleotide analogue that exhibits promising properties as a robust antisense agent. Here we report on the synthesis and biochemical characterization of tc‐TTP, the triphosphate of a tc‐DNA nucleoside containing the base thymine. Tc‐TTP turned out to be a substrate for the Vent (exo−) DNA polymerase, a polymerase that allows for multiple incorporations of tc‐T nucleotides under primer extension reaction conditions. However, the substrate acceptance is rather low, as also observed for other sugar‐modified analogues. Tc‐TTP and tc‐nucleotide‐containing templates do not sustain enzymatic polymerization under physiological conditions; this indicates that tc‐DNA‐based antisense agents will not enter natural metabolic pathways that lead to long‐term toxicity.


Abstract 4213 Multiple myeloma (MM) accounts for 10% of hematologic malignancies in the U.S. African Americans (AA) have twice the risk of developing multiple myeloma and, in previous studies, a higher mortality rate when compared to non-African Americans (non-AA). In recent years, clinical outcomes for patients with MM have improved as a result of new agents, such as immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and bortezomib. However, the therapeutic impact of these new therapies in AA vs. non-AA patients has not been evaluated. In this study, 53 consecutive patients (23 AA, 30 non-AA) with newly diagnosed MM were retrospectively analyzed after induction treatment with thalidomide/dexamethasone (n=22), lenalidomide/dexamethasone (n=8), bortezomib/dexamethasone (n=5), bortezomib/thalidomide/dexamethasone (n=3), lenalidomide/bortezomib/dexamethasone (n=12), or an IMiD plus melphalan (n=3). AA and non-AA patients were comparable for age, immunoglobulin isotype, MM stage of disease, serum β 2 microglobulin and albumin levels, and cytogenetic abnormalities including del13 (27% vs. 38%, respectively, p=NS). When measured according to international uniform criteria, the response rate to induction therapy was not statistically different between AA and non-AA patients: complete remission (CR, 22% vs. 21.4%), very good partial remission (VGPR, 26% vs. 21.4%), or partial remission (PR, 43.4% vs. 32.1%). However, the rate of stable/progressive disease following induction therapy was significantly higher in non-AA patients (p = 0.03). Of 53 patients, 34 received high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). In this group, the CR + VGPR rate following ASCT was significantly higher in AA compared with non-AA patients (59% vs. 35%, p=0.0007). At a median follow up of 47 months, the relapse rate was 59% in AA and 46% in non-AA patients (p=NS) and the median time to progression (TTP) was 9.1 months in both groups. Five patients (9%) died. All deaths occurred in the non-AA cohort and in 4/5 cases death was due to disease progression. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that despite their increased disease risk, AA patients with MM have a favorable outcome that is equivalent to that of non-AA patients when treated with IMiDs and/or bortezomib. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Employee performance in remote areas is a source of concern for the Saudi Arabian energy sector, which serves as the primary engine of the country's economy. This research paper aimed to study the impact of social disconnectedness and career advancement on employees' performance through employee satisfaction as a mediator. The targeted population was employees worked in remote areas in the energy sector. Data were collected using a web-based questionnaire and distributed electronically using social media. A total of 390 respondents participated in this study, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze the collected data. The study findings revealed that career advancement positively impacts employee performance; however, social disconnectedness negatively impacts employees' performance. Both career and social factors had an indirect effect on employees' performance through employee satisfaction. Lastly, results demonstrated a positive impact of employee satisfaction on employee performance. Important insights into theoretical and practical implications were discussed.


Abstract Abstract. The social structure of a feral cattle, Bos taurus, population in Donana (southwest Spain) was studied. Social affinity among individuals was related to their age-sex classes. Cows and young animals formed stable social groups or cow-herds based on long-term social links among their members. The members of a given herd shared a common home range and maintained an active spatial and social segregation with members of other social groups. Both for its stable composition and for its fidelity to a home range, a herd constitutes a stable social environment. The stability of social structure and the mechanisms involved in its maintenance in Donana cattle are discussed in the context of a controversy raised by apparently contradictory findings on bovine social behaviour.


This study camp up with the problems about current left and right brain centered education based on the division brain theory of Dr. Rogerspery, and explored the left and right brain educational methodology as right path. This study was to examine the effectiveness of left and right cerebral training by observing the pre and post B.G.A. results of about kindergarten kids 65 subjects who have shown corelation development, in between the months of Jan. 2010 and Jun. 2010. The conclusion obtained through this study is as follows:First, the left and right brain training has an effect of the brain development.Second, the left and right brain training reduces the deviation of the left and right brain.This research was proceeded at a limited space called an educational institution but elicited that kids left and right brain education influence kids brain development.


Ca2+‐Loading and EAD. introduction: Our previous observations indicate that the Na2+:Ca2+ exchange current (INa:Ca) plays an important role in early afterdepolarizations occurring at more negative Vm (L‐EAD). The purpose of these studies was to examine the role of Ca2+‐loading, which stimulates INa:Ca, in generation of L‐EAD.


We introduce a new construction method for digital nets which yield point sets in the s-dimensional unit cube with low star discrepancy. The digital nets are constructed using polynomials over finite fields. It has long been known that there exist polynomials which yield point sets with low (unweighted) star discrepancy. This result was obtained by Niederreiter by the means of averaging over all polynomials. Hence concrete examples of good polynomials were not known in many cases. Here we show that good polynomials can be found by computer search. The search algorithm introduced in this paper is based on minimizing a quantity closely related to the star discrepancy.
It has been pointed out that many integration problems can be modeled by weighted function spaces and it has been shown that in this case point sets with low weighted discrepancy are required. Hence it is particularly useful to be able to adjust a point set to some given weights. We are able to extend our results from the unweighted case to show that this can be done using our construction algorithms. This way we can find point sets with low weighted star discrepancy, making such point sets especially useful for many applications.


Based on the decoder structure of IRA Codes,the EXIT Charts are researched.By using this method,the convergence thresholds for IRA Codes of DVB-S2 are found,and also compared with the results obtained by Gaussian Approximation and Density Evolution Algorithm.Finally,the advantages and application techniques of the EXIT Chart are discussed.


• The probability of a person in Australia having D+ blood is 0.81 (Fig. 1A). This corresponds to odds of 4.3 for D+ blood. Odds of 4.3 tell us that for every 4.3 people who have D+ blood there is one person who does not have D+ blood. Odds of greater than 1 indicate that the outcome is more likely to occur than not. • The probability of a patient having group O blood is 0.49 (Fig. 1B). This corresponds to odds of 0.96 for group O blood. An odds value close to 1 tells us that for every one person having group O blood there is another one without this blood type. Odds approximately equal to 1 indicate that the chance of the outcome is approximately the same as it not occurring. • The probability of a person having group B blood is 0.1 (Fig. 1C). This corresponds to odds of 0.11 for group B blood. Odds of 0.11 tell us that for every one person with group B blood there are another nine who do not have group B blood. Odds of less than 1 indicate that the outcome is less likely to occur than to occur.


Correspondence Nicole Cavender, The Morton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Route 53, Lisle, Illinois 60532, USA. Email: email@example.com Societal Impact Statement The need for urban greening increases with global urbanization. Trees are major assets to livable urban areas, providing valuable environmental services to combat challenges such as pollution, urban heat, and flooding, as well as to improve social cohesion, human health, and well‐being. Investments in tree planting and arboriculture yield valuable returns, but trees face many challenges in the unnatural and stressful urban environment and in a rapidly changing climate. Botanical gardens have expertise in growing plants in designed landscapes. We urge their increased involvement with urban forestry to improve sustainability of cities and human lives. Summary Improving urban forests is one of the solutions to achieving several of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and making cities healthier and more livable for people. Priority should be given to protecting mature trees and promoting long‐lived trees in the future. Achievement of this goal requires recognition of the myriad stresses trees face in built landscapes as well as the challenges related to climate change. Because all people living in communities are affected by the urban forest, developing solutions and forestry action plans should be a social endeavor and include diverse partnerships. Botanical gardens and arboreta can provide key resources in support of these efforts. They have a significant public reach, maintain a strong professional network, and can make important contributions to address key priorities including (a) protecting existing trees; (b) improving tree selection, diversity, and age structure; and (c) improving planning, standards, training, and management. A focus on below‐ground aspects, such as root development and soil composition, is a critical component for success. Horticultural and scientific knowledge combined with extensive public reach make botanical gardens and arboreta important potential partners in achieving urban forest objectives, but a greater call to action is needed.


On the basis of the detailed analysis on the magnetic circuit of the Hall current sensor,the DC transfer function of current sensor was deduced.The correctness of the theoretical calculations is verified by 3-D electromagnetic field simulation and calculations through the electromagnetic simulation software ANSYS.Main parameters of the 25 kA Hall current sensor and its application in EAST toroidal field power supply was introduced.


English language readers have benefited from creeping global anglicisation of academic scholarship over recent decades. Researchers from Scandivania, Benelux and Central and Eastern Europe to China are increasingly encouraged to communicate and publish in the English language, which gives Anglophones unparalleled direct access to research and publication generated by researchers whose first language is not English. This can mean that, as English becomes the global lingua franca, there is less incentive for competent English-speakers/readers to learn other languages (not that native English speakers have been renowned for their capacity to read other languages). While rich academic traditions in French, Italian, German, Italian, Russian and Spanish, amongst others, have retained the use of their language, much of that which is published is not translated into English, and those of us who do not read these languages are impoverished by a lack of access to different cultures and ways of thinking about issues which affect us all. This can lead to assumptions that what we read in English is the norm. Two examples: As a young urban/political geographer, my understanding of cities has been profoundly influenced by the work of Jane Jacobs, who I have continued to admire and believe still speaks to the issues facing (gendered) cities worldwide. It was only three years ago, when I started working with a German team on gender and spatial development that I came across the work of Kerstin Dörhöfer, who has written widely about pioneering women architects who have contributed much to architecture and urban design in Berlin, at a time when women were an even smaller proportion of the architectural profession in the Anglophone world. Her work is not translated into English. Later, I was inspired by the work of the "first" ecological feminist, Francoise d'Eaubonne. She has been much quoted and cited by various ecofeminists, usually to serve each of our own particular needs. However, as d'Eaubonne has never been translated from her native French, her true radicalism has never really been directly accessible to a wider, non-Francophone audience. A lack of publishing budgets for translation of anything other than academic "blockbusters" means that writing in what are considered "niche" areas (which may well include environmental jutice, and certainly gender justice) remains relatively inaccessible at a global scale. What Local Environment plans to do with this occasional series is to highlight some of these "niche" areas which are influential in their native language and culture, but have failed to reach a wider Anglophone audience. In our first invited review, the German scholar Sandra Huning reviews a journal of the German FOPA (Feminist Organisation of (female) Planners and Architects, which Kerstin Dörhöfer was, incidentally, instrumental in setting up) – Frei.Räume. The journal was established as a mouthpiece for women's concerns about urban development, and to contribute feminist perspectives on planning and architecture. By issue 10, under review here, Frei.Räume had reached a watershed moment, and the issue both reflects back on the achievements of feminist planners and looks forward to what feminist planning had yet to address. Huning suggests that it is salutary to revisit this discussion in the light of our inability to have achieved gender equality and justice in planning, as elsewhere, as the #MeToo movement makes all to clear more generally. Other tensions which were noted in issue 10 remain unresolved, such as those between "sustainable development" and feminist concerns, between theory and practice, and around meanings of gender. Huning concludes that we have much to learn from reading earlier radical literatures. Given Germany's position


Reading Lists Systems are a pedagogical tool used in tertiary education to streamline the creation and management of course reading lists and make copyright compliance easier. This paper explores the design of current Reading Lists systems and how their features support the pedagogical needs of academics and students in tertiary education. A feature review combined with a comparative analysis approach was employed in our study. We analysed and compared Reading Lists systems and their features, implemented through Digital Libraries, that provide pedagogical support for academic teaching. As one of our outcomes, we identify the need to assist teachers to effectively use these tools in their daily practice.


This article is an attempt to capture the process and outcomes of disciplinary collaborations in two multi-partner transdisciplinary research projects on agriculture. The focus of the projects was building smallholder resilience in semi-arid tropics. The collaborating disciplines fall broadly into natural sciences and social sciences. The farming community and other actors across the agricultural value chain, being the end users of research, were active stakeholders. This paper details the drivers and barriers in transdisciplinary collaboration and articulates the extent of disciplinary integration achieved between the natural sciences, social sciences and the end users of research. The key elements contributing to effectiveness of transdisciplinary research are the conceptual clarity of disciplinary contributions and interfaces, shared knowledge of the expected research outcomes, positioning of the different disciplines within the research framework, openness of the researchers to disciplinary cross fertilisation, the transdisciplinary research experience of the partnering institutions and accommodation of the cultural differences between the collaborating partners.