Abstract Objectives To examine whether there is an association between people who experienced disrupted access to healthcare during the covid-19 pandemic and risk of an avoidable hospital admission. Design Observational analysis using evidence from seven linked longitudinal cohort studies for England. Setting Studies linked to electronic health records from NHS Digital from 1 March 2020 to 25 August 2022. Data were accessed using the UK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration trusted research environment. Participants Individual level records for 29 276 people. Main outcome measures Avoidable hospital admissions defined as emergency hospital admissions for ambulatory care sensitive and emergency urgent care sensitive conditions. Results 9742 participants (weighted percentage 35%, adjusted for sample structure of longitudinal cohorts) self-reported some form of disrupted access to healthcare during the covid-19 pandemic. People with disrupted access were at increased risk of any (odds ratio 1.80, 95% confidence interval 1.39 to 2.34), acute (2.01, 1.39 to 2.92), and chronic (1.80, 1.31 to 2.48) ambulatory care sensitive hospital admissions. For people who experienced disrupted access to appointments (eg, visiting their doctor or an outpatient department) and procedures (eg, surgery, cancer treatment), positive associations were found with measures of avoidable hospital admissions. Conclusions Evidence from linked individual level data shows that people whose access to healthcare was disrupted were more likely to have a potentially preventable hospital admission. The findings highlight the need to increase healthcare investment to tackle the short and long term implications of the pandemic, and to protect treatments and procedures during future pandemics.


The Pedagogy has two forms: the pedagogy as a discipline form and the pedagogy as a curriculum form. These two forms are not only independent of each other, but also bring out the best to each other. The true-life curriculum form of pedagogy mostly unfolds as: the mainstream consumption — pedagogy curriculum in teacher-training system; the refinement construction — pedagogy curriculum in educational science system; the latent market — pedagogy curriculum in basic-education and adult-education system. Hereby, the pedagogy in future may be broken up into three characters: the popular pedagogy, the "clinic" pedagogy and the cultured pedagogy.


A novel palladium pincer complex is synthesized and successfully applied as a catalyst in the α-monoarylation of ketones (I) and (IV) with aryl bromides (II).


The paper presents the main activities of maintenance that ensures the operating characteristics of the fluid used to transfer energz flows. Through their adequate treatment and maintain quality exchangersurfaces energy flows through periodic cleaning with or without disassembly.


We will have an energy upgrade for J-PARC linac, where ACS section is added to increase the output energy from 181 MeV to 400 MeV. The beam dynamics design of ACS and the matching section to it is revised to reflect the recent results of R&D studies. The revised design is presented with some preliminary simulation results.


With the collapse of the bubble economy in the early 1990s, economic disparities have arisen both among the people and among the different regions in Japan. Well known tools for analyzing income disparity are the coefficient of variation and the Gini coefficient, which are widely used such as in the reports of the government or standard economic textbooks, but they can only grasp the overall degree of income disparity. Advancements in spatial analysis have led to the development of strong tools to explicitly consider spatial dependence and heterogeneity; however, no significant research has been carried out using such tools for analyzing the economic disparity at the municipal level in Japan. The objective of this study is to visualize the dynamic change of the regional income disparities in Japan during the period known as the "lost decade." The data used in the study are annual data collected at the municipality level during 1998-2007. Exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and local indicators of spatial association (LISA) have been used to classify municipalities into categories and to identify local spatial clustering and spatial outliers composing the income disparity in Japan, respectively. We first classify each municipality into four clusters according to the Moran scatterplot: high per capita income municipalities with high per capita income neighbors (hot spot), high per capita income municipalities with low per capita income neighbors, low per capita income municipalities with high per capita income neighbors, and low per capita income municipalities with low per capita income neighbors (cool spot). The hot spots are concentrated along the center of Japan, also known as the Pacific Belt Zone, and the cool spots are located in the north and south west of Japan. The regional distribution of the clusters seems to be stable during the decade; however, unstableness of the clusters in Hokkaido prefecture are indicated. We also calculated the Euclidean distances between the Moran scatterplot for each region to extract municipalities with peculiar movement in the Moran scatterplot through the decade, and succeeded in detecting not only regions with dramatic cluster transition but also regions with peculiar behavior staying in the same cluster. To identify influential observations and spatial outliers, analysis based on LISA has been carried out. Local Moran's I is efficient for identifying regions with similar and dissimilar values, thus it is a good indicator to spot strong spatial clusters, and local Geary's c is efficient for the quantification of income inequality between each region, thus can be used to indicate the degree of (dis)similarity. During the decade, the distribution of the municipalities' local Moran' I value had become simple except the regions in Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka still have high values. This means that the strong spatial clusters only exist in the main metropolitan areas. A similar result is confirmed in the distribution of local Geary's c values, meaning that almost all municipalities do not differ compared to their neighbors, and the regions in Tokyo are identified to be strongly dissimilar to neighborhood regions.


With the development of rice cultivation in the 50's, a great part of the Isle of Camargue, the central area of the Rhone river delta, was polderized. The Vaccares lagoon system (110 km 2 ,6 5 km 2 for the Vaccares lagoon itself) represents the main part of the 'Reserve Nationale de Camargue'. Without human intervention, it is hydraulically isolated from the Rhone river and the Mediterranean sea. It receives drainage water from precipitation and flooded ricefields from its relict catchment. Our hydrological study concerned the Fumemorte catchment (65 km 2 , with 20 km 2 of ricefields). Irrigation for rice, in 1993 and 1994, was estimated at 56.2 and 52.5 Mm 3 respectively. There is great variability in water consumption from one sector to another: 1 400 mm to 5 500 mm. The drainage volume was 45 Mm 3 in 1993 and 53 Mm 3 in 1994, a wetter year. Annual fluxes of 400 tons of nitrogen (N) and 150 tons of phosphorus (P) entered the catchment. With a scenario of maximum transfer, only 5.5% of entering N and 4% of P were exported from the Fumemorte catchment to the Vaccares lagoon. Organic matter exported by the drainage network represents 5 to 6 times the quantity introduced with Rhone water. We attempted to quantify the processes of consumption, storage and loss which occur in the catchment. From preliminary results on the production of a seagrass bed in the Vaccares, we found that, at an annual scale, nutrient fluxes from the catchment seem minor compared to other sources (lagoon sediments, atmosphere).


Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important beverage crop and commercially grown as a plantation crop. With the changing climate, the tea mosquito bug species complex, viz., Helopeltis theivora, H. bradyi and H. antonii, is emerging as a major threat to cocoa cultivation in India. Among the species of this complex H. theivora is responsible for causing considerable damage. The present investigations were carried out to find a weak link in the life cycle of H. theivora so it can be managed effectively. Specimens of the tea mosquito bug were found to first appear during the first week of September in South India. Helopeltis theivora requires on average 29.28 days to complete its life cycle on cocoa. The highest level of natural mortality was recorded in the first-instar nymph. The total developmental period of the fifth-instar nymph was significantly longer than that for the other nymphal instars. The sex ratio reflects that the population is highly female-biased, which may contribute to the dominant nature of this species in the cocoa ecosystem. Observation of the feeding and oviposition behavior of H. theivora revealed that the insect prefers to feed and oviposit on developing pods rather than on leaves and shoots. Analysis of the species distribution of tea mosquito bug at different elevations revealed that cocoa gardens situated less than 300 meter above mean sea level are dominated by H. theivora, whereas gardens situated more than 300 meter above mean sea level are dominated by H. bradyi. This separation of species across elevation may be driven either by abiotic or biotic factors.


Globalizations of MNEs in the 21st century need not only hi-tech products, extraordinary management and technical staffs, large scale of international markets and efficient merging policies, but also concerns of business ethics and peaceful symbiosis. The bankruptcies of Enron and Lehman Brothers were both due to absences of business ethics and manager's moral attitudes, and which had lead to serious recession and unemployment for global economy. MNEs face the challenges to run business under cross-cultural, cross-racial and cross-religion conflicts, the management need to posses "Managerial Philosophy of Peace Culture". By creating business ethics and integrating cultural differences on the basis of peaceful symbiosis, MNEs will gradually obtain unification and cooperation from peoples in different cultures and races. Not only UN has ethical codes as: moral standards, ethics to deal with employees, ethics to deal with consumers, ethics to protect host countries' environments, ethics to deal with host countries and ethics to protect basic human rights for MNEs, also, leaders' conference of MNEs and global unions have all emphasized that all businesses have to posses business ethics, some well-know scholars like J.H. Dunning also indicated that absences of ethics will lead to economy failure for both countries and business. Research shows that MNEs will prevent negative comment, and increase social acceptance to run business under ethical basis. Also, Ethical attitude will create positive and stable relations with stakeholders and supply chains, gain extraordinary and ethical staffs, and speed the steps to go globalization. Leaders of MNEs should possess "Managerial Philosophy of Peace Culture" and spirits of "Peaceful Symbiosis", adopt benevolent and the third culture (integrate superior cultures of both mother and host countries)management and enlarge employee welfare. Through which, MNEs will gain unification and cooperation from peoples in different cultures and races, then lead to co-abundant for both MNEs and host countries.


Tsunamis in Mexico are a real threat, still unknown to many, mainly by people living in or visiting the coast. The Tsunami Warning Center in Mexico recently created (September 19, 2011) monitors earthquakes and sea level change caused by these same. Sea level on the west coast of the Mexican Pacific was analyzed after the occurrence of local, regional and distant earthquakes, in order to determine the existence of an anomaly due to the quake itself. Variations in sea level due to local registered earthquakes Mw 6.0 to 7.4 range was from 0.10 to 0.30 m; for regional earthquakes of Mw 7.3 and 8.2 were 0.12 and 0.22 m respectively and to the distant earthquake of Mw 8.0 recorded in Solomon Islands, the change in sea level of the maximum recorded was 0.20 m in Manzanillo, Colima. It is important to know that earthquakes whether local, regional or distant whose magnitudes are in the range specified here, did not present a risk to the Mexican coast, but do not rely, having to monitor variations in sea level that earthquakes can produce and be aware that you may perhaps occur as a tsunami in Indonesia in 2004 or Japan in 2011.


Traditionally, CD-SEM resolution has been measured using edge and spacing measurements, where images are subjectively examined and evaluated as to edge transition width between arbitrary amplitudes or minimum measurable spacings between particles. Occasionally, methods form traditional optics, i.e., application of the Rayleigh criterion, have been quoted, but the more conservative results have caused users either to relax these traditional definitions or to abandon them altogether. More recently, as in light optics, Fourier methods, where frequency space results are used to define the resolution of the system, have been applied. In this paper, these methods are surveyed and applied to experimental data. In particular, Fourier transform approaches are examined, and the difficulties in their application vis-a-vis separation signal from noise, maintaining repeatability, and eliminating system and processing artifacts addressed. A method based on the Rayleigh criterion for diffraction limited systems is proposed that minimizes these difficulties by processing out system effects and distancing the evaluation region form both the noise and system artifacts. This method has the particular advantage of not requiring operator intervention, ensuring consistent results form user to user.


In this paper, we derive forms of estimators and associated variances for regression calibration with instrumental variables in longitudinal models that include interaction terms between two unobservable predictors and interactions between these predictors and covariates not measured with error; the inclusion of the latter interactions generalize results we previously reported. The methods are applied to air pollution and health data collected on children with asthma. The new methods allow for the examination of how the relationship between health outcome leukotriene E4 (LTE4, a biomarker of inflammation) and two unobservable pollutant exposures and their interaction are modified by the presence or absence of upper respiratory infections. The pollutant variables include secondhand smoke and ambient (outdoor) fine particulate matter. Simulations verify the accuracy of the proposed methods under various conditions. © 2015 The Authors Environmetrics Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.


This article introduces a new learner's self-assessment environment as CEHL that allows comparison of learners' programs with those elaborated by the teacher. The subjacent idea is to indirectly compare programs through their graphical representations described by ontologies. So, CEHL developed so-called S_Onto_ALPPWA which allows comparing learners' productions with those elaborated by the teacher. The tool allows essentially (1) generating two ontologies from the learner's program and the teacher's one, (2) applies some matching algorithms for measuring degrees of similarity and dissimilarity between learner's program and teacher's one, and (3) assessing the learners by giving them a list of semantic and syntactic errors detected in their programs. The present work is an extension of the authors' previous work, which did not take into account semantics errors. In the present work, they have managed to detect syntactic and semantic errors by using ontologies. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the system, two prospective experiments were conducted. The obtained results were very encouraging.


1. Introduction Part 1: Account Handling 2. It's An Ad World 3. What Flavour is Account Handling? 4. How to Master the Everyday Detail Part 2: Creating Campaigns 5. Getting Into Gear 6. The Big Media Decision 7. Putting the Brief In 8. How to Help Your Creative Team 9. What's the Big Idea? 10. Sell, Sell, Sell 11. Buy, Buy, Buy 12. Into Production 13. Will It Do The Job? Part 3: The Rest 14. How to Support The Campaign 15. Amazing Clients 16. How to Use The Agency Systems 17. Managing Money and Politics 18. How to Handle Meetings 19. Winning More Business 20. For Advertisers Only 21. Our Acceptable Face 22. Getting Better All the Time


The present invention provides a method for controlling the water heater can be accurately and can be used for hot water temperature inside the tank is sensed, to allow the user to know the exact temperature of the hot water heater and hot water available. The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: food, including pressure tank, and a detection controller Communicator, the pressure tank comprising a housing and a temperature sensing element provided to the case, in the tank the upper portion of the hot water outlet is provided, replenishment inlet provided at a lower portion of said housing; wherein said temperature sensing element is disposed on the housing is n, where n is an integer of ≥2, two adjacent between the mounting position of the temperature sensing element height difference. The microcontroller is provided with a detecting controller, the detecting controller comprises a control circuit and a display circuit, said control circuit comprises a detection module, a determination module and a control module unit commitment.


I N APRIL 1930, the French Parliament finally passed a comprehensive law on social insurance after nearly ten years of parliamentary discussion, and this measure has now been in force for nearly two years. By it, approximately eight and three-quarter million employed workers are provided with cash and medical benefits in the case of illness and invalidity, and also with old age insurance. In addition, there is provision for maternity and death benefits and for medical care for the families of the insured. The Act was, as indicated, the culmination of a long process of discussion and investigation, during which many changes were made in the original draft. In order, therefore, to understand the final result, it is necessary to trace the history of the Act from its original proposal in 1921 and to note the various influences and considerations which led the French Parliament to make the changes which it did. After that .is done, we may proceed with an analysis of the final measure and with an account of the administrative experience under it.


Selective photothermolysis of hair follicles using light is based on the selective absorption of the hair shaft. Optical energy is delivered to the tissue and absorbed mostly by the hair shaft, while the epidermis and the surrounding tissue have minimal absorption. There are two kinds of light sources that provide energy at a high enough level to achieve thermal destruction of hair: lasers and intense incoherent light. Intense pulse light is a broadband white light source that usually is filtered in order to obtain the desired spectrum. Lasers are monochromatic and therefore working at a discreet wavelength that is typical to the specific laser in use. The differences between the results obtained with various wavelength ranges are not significant. In general, when a longer wavelength is used, treatment safety improves.


The metal oxide anodes coated on titanium used in seawater electrolysis were prepared by thermal decomposition. Their morphologies、compositions and phase structures were determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM)、energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrochemical properties of the anodes were characterized by accelerated life test, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. SEM、EDX and XRD showed that solid solution structures of (Ru, Ir, Ti)O2 and (Ir, Ti)O2 were formed after pyrolysis, the solid solution structures and active components were disappeared after the deactivation of the anodes. Electrochemical results indicated that the active area decreased and the coating resistance increased, which are resulted by active component falling off from the anode surfaces. Hence, the deactivation of the oxide anodes was due to detachment of the active component under alternative current electrolysis.


Small tungsten cluster anions Wn− (n=4–9 and 18–20) are stored in a Penning trap and electronically excited by photoabsorption (Ehν=1.815, 2.33, 3.5, and 4.66 eV). Delayed electron emission is observed on the milliseconds time scale by systematic variation of the storage duration between laser excitation and ion detection. Even if the photon energy exceeds the electron detachment energy, electrons are emitted several milliseconds after laser excitation. The electron emission time constant is determined as a function of the laser pulse energy. An Arrhenius analysis suggests that the observed delayed electron emission is a thermal process in analogy to thermionic emission of bulk materials. As shown by these experiments there is a simple rule for the dominating cooling channel of laser excited clusters: thermionic emission generally occurs as long as the electron binding energy is lower than the dissociation energy.


This effort shows the design, measurement, and characterization of a BandPass Filter (BPF) with similar Q adaptation properties seen in the nonlinear dynamics of the basilar membrane in the mammalian cochlea. Starting from low-pass Hopf bifurcations using programmable on-chip Transconductance Amplifiers (TA), a BPF is demonstrated that enables Q adaptation from 25–30 to 1 in roughly 1000 change in amplitude, resulting in a near instantaneous gain adaptation and higher dynamic range. Where the dynamic range of typical BPF banks is limited to the SNR of the individual filter, the adaptive BPF through a Hopf bifurcation enables high dynamic range even with moderate SNR at a given signal level, demonstrated on a large-scale Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA). This block becomes the basis for higher dynamic range BPFs.


More and more attentions were paid to the development of transgenic crops.Their food safety and ecological safety of common concern were analysed systematically,and the current industrialization of transgenic crops and relevantregulations and policy at home and abroad were introduced,including the safetyevaluation of transgenic crops.


Dear EditorWe are third-year medical students on a UK graduate-entry course. We read with interest your article pertaining to perceived preparation for clinical leadership (Barnes et al. 2020). At ...


In this issue of the Journal, Sennello and colleagues (pp. 191–201) tackle the complexity of pulmonary fibrosis resolution mediated by macrophages (1). Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, fibrosing interstitial lung disease in which macrophages serve as producers of profibrotic signaling mediators, including transforming growth factor-b (2). Moreover, there is now direct experimental evidence that either the loss of macrophage and monocyte populations or an alteration in their phenotype during the fibrotic response is capable of inducing fibrosis resolution (1, 3–6). Macrophages are highly plastic cells and can be categorized into subtypes according to origin, tissue location, and recruitment (2, 7). The individual roles and regulation of these distinct populations in the balance of proand antifibrotic activities remain unclear. This article poses a fundamental question concerning the mechanism by which macrophages become antifibrotic and promote resolution through loss of Wnt/b-catenin signaling (1). Although we often focus on Wnt/b-catenin singling in stromal cells (e.g., epithelium), tissue resident alveolar macrophages and recruited monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages also have active Wnt/bcatenin signaling during fibrosis. When tissue resident alveolar macrophages and monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages were targeted to lose Wnt/b-catenin signaling using CD11c;b-catein mice, bleomycin-induced fibrosis was similar at 3 weeks, but resolution was accelerated compared with wild-type mice. Similarly, mice with a whole-body deficiency in Lrp5 (an essential Wnt coreceptor) had accelerated fibrosis resolution after both bleomycin and asbestos exposure. Importantly, loss of Lrp5 after bleomycin reduced infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages and induced a gene signature in the lungs that was enriched for genes involved in matrix processing, including Mmp13 and lysyl oxidase (Lox). A current struggle in the field ofmacrophage biology is the ability to accurately identify and describemacrophage populations, especially during disease (7). The identification of antifibrotic/resolving macrophages becomes increasingly complex as researchers look to induce a phenotypic switch in profibrotic macrophages present in the lungs during nonresolving fibrotic disease (8). This becomes a fundamental challenge of inducing antifibrotic behavior and kickstarting a "normal" resolution phase during ongoing extracellular matrix deposition and fibrosis. To this end, it becomes important to discern macrophages on the basis of their function and aim to either recruit a specific antifibrotic monocyte-derived macrophage to the lungs or therapeutically target profibrotic macrophages to become antifibrotic/resolving in function. The authors worked within the confines of our current lineagetargeting technology for targeting alveolar macrophages, using the CD11c driver mice. However, CD11c is not specific, and it is possible that the loss of Wnt/b-catenin signaling in other cells, including dendritic cells and Ly6C monocytes, could have contributed to the more rapid resolution of fibrosis. Work in the lung and liver by Gibbons and Ramachandran, respectively, demonstrate distinctive roles for the Ly6C and Ly6C monocyte populations in facilitating fibrosis resolution (3, 6). Depletion of Ly6C monocytes during the fibrotic phase after bleomycin accelerated pulmonary fibrosis resolution (3), whereas depletion of the Ly6C monocytes caused a failure of fibrosis resolution in the CCl4 model of liver fibrosis, indicating that subpopulations of monocytes may play complex roles in the maintenance and resolution of fibrotic disease (6). In this work, Sennello and colleagues further show that the loss of Wnt/b-catenin signaling in the lungs of Lrp-deficient mice reduces the differentiation of monocyte-derived macrophages into tissue resident alveolar macrophages, suggesting that a reduction of this population contributes to a proresolving pulmonary environment (1). The next challenges will be to examine the monocyte-derived alveolar macrophage and tissue resident macrophage populations in the CD11c;b-catein mice and to determine why the reduced differentiation phenotype was only seen in the Lrp-deficient mice after bleomycin and not after asbestos, although accelerated resolution was observed in both models. There is further work to be done to parse out the role of Wnt/b-catenin signaling in these macrophage/monocyte subpopulations, and how it may be driving a resolution phenotype. Despite the need for continued work, it is clear that active Wnt/b-catenin signaling in macrophages during pulmonary fibrosis may be important for their profibrotic phenotype. How targeting the Wnt/b-catenin pathway will lend itself to therapeutic intervention in fibrotic disease is a question that remains unanswered. Wnt/b-catenin signaling is complex and has farreaching effects on development and homeostasis. Dysregulation, therefore, should be playing a critical role in many diseases, including fibrosis of the lung, liver, kidney, skin, and heart (9–13). For diseases such as IPF, in which treatment options are still limited and are not specifically designed to alter the macrophageprogramming signature, further understanding of how targeting specific pathways within the immune system is necessary. This becomes acutely apparent when dealing with the complexities of Wnt signaling during fibrotic disease (9, 12, 14). The importance of Wnt/b-catenin signaling in pulmonary fibrosis has been demonstrated by an increase in Wnt gene expression in patients with IPF compared with normal lung tissue (15). Immunostaining in IPF tissue for Wnt target genes as a marker for increased functional Wnt/b-catenin signaling also revealed increased expression in fibroblastic foci and alveolar epithelium compared with normal lung tissue, but activation in macrophages was not examined (12, 14). In addition, therapeutic intervention with Wnt/b-catenin pathway inhibitors during bleomycin-induced fibrosis augmented the resolution process (16, 17). Again, the caveat remains that these studies are examining and treating the lungs as a homogenous organ. Targeting Wnt/b-catenin signaling selectively in macrophages may be difficult without also causing unwanted effects in fibroblasts or epithelium (14, 18). For example, the specific ablation of Wnt/b-catenin signaling in alveolar type II cells under the SPC promoter augmented bleomycin-induced fibrosis, rather than inducing its resolution (19).


In this paper we analyse the consequences of replacing government subsidies with a graduate tax (GT) or income contingent loan (ICL) system for the financing of higher education in the Netherlands. Both these systems are directed towards solving capital and insurance market failures. We constructed an empirically based simulation model to analyse loans, GT's and ICL systems of education finance. We show that the switch to a GT or ICL system can significantly reduce the income risks that graduates would experience under a loan system. If education subsidies are dropped to zero the tax rate in a GT would have to be about 6%. In an ICL system with full risk pooling the repayment rate would be higher, ranging from 10%-6%, depending on the size of the default/solidarity premium on the interest rate. If default risks are shifted to society the repayment rate may be lower, but this goes at a cost of a smaller reduction in government outlays. Replacing ex ante subsidies with ex post subsidies makes the resulting distribution of incomes more equal because only those with low lifetime incomes benefit from ex post subsidies. We discuss behavioural responses and policy implications.


In the era of cloud technology, all the emails sent from one person to another needs to be secure. Security attacks like email phishing, EBomb, DNS spoofing and so on have become a trend in this digital era. Among the said attacks, email phishing has been observed to be most common to be used by attackers to trap victims using fake email with embedded malwares, which is not made aware of non-cyber professionals. With the current pandemic that is Covid-19, which is storming the whole world and enforcing people all over to stay indoors, thus indirectly increasing the online digital footprints of all, so there's an increase in SMB(Server message block) port all over the world which is leading attackers to find their victims easily by unique, dynamic and various other vulnerabilities which no standard virus, malware detection software which was before being provided by the IT companies to its employees and for general internet users; have proven to be not that effective. so we propose a different approach along with a tool kit that will work in identifying the embedded malware files and fake websites more dynamically and effectively.


This chapter deals with the management of bone loss in open fractures with particular reference to the tibia. This is a challenging problem and requires input and expertise from orthopaedic and plastic surgery specialists in limb reconstruction. The different sizes, shapes, and location of the defect will have diverse implications, and management must be individualised. Individualisation of treatment entails an assessment of the local, systemic, and patient-related factors such that the optimum mode of treatment is chosen. The techniques available include autogenous bone grafting, with or without prior induced membrane creation, vascularised free transfer of bone, and bone regeneration by the Ilizarov method.


In recent years,research and development of various herbal preparations made great progress,Cordyceps,acclaimed for its unique effect as valuable medicine. The design principles is summarized,preparation method,preparation characteristics and existing problems of Cordyceps,analyzed pharmacological effects and bioavailability of the active ingredient. It was proposed future development should pay attention to the following aspects: 1 Isolation and purification of a single active ingredient; 2 based on its anticancer mechanism of drug molecules to the rational design of active ingredient; 3 the use of slow-release and controlled-release and other targeted controlled release improve the bioavailability of the active ingredient; 4 artificial substitute product research and development.


This paper reports a two-course curriculum innovation designed to facilitate student learning of the integrative nature of marketing. This integration is achieved via a client-sponsored project spanning two courses, where concepts and output from one course (Marketing Research) feed directly into the concepts and output of another marketing course (Integrated Marketing Communications). Detail is included on project goals and structure, assessment of the project, and a review of lessons learned.


The In this paper, on the premise of benchmark land price production data and, starting from the management and application direction of technology based on JavaScript, Java Web technology and ArcGIS for Server technology, the WebGIS system design, the MVC development mode, B/S (browser/Server) multi-tier architecture model design to achieve the collection of maps, land management, land price data query, data statistical analysis, and system integrated management and so on five big modules as one of the benchmark land price distribution and management information system.


A t 8:50 a.m. on a Friday in July, I found my 21-year-old daughter on the floor of her apartment. She was not breathing and did not have a pulse. I dialed 911. I started CPR. The police and EMS arrived. For an hour, I could hear them say to each other "no pulse, no pulse." Then, "radial pulse, 9:45 a.m." EMS bundled her up and transported her two blocks to my own hospital, an academic medical center at my daughter's university, where I was a fellow in neonatology.


Electroless copper (Cu-Ni-P) plating using polyacetylene glycol as a surfactant was applied to copper inner-layer foil treatment process. The deposited films having a flat surface with numerous pores reaching to the bottom can be obtained by this process. Bond strength between this film and FR-4 was 1.2 kgflcm, BT-800 was 0.7 kgf/cm, PPE-S2100 was 0.2 kgf/cm. For BT-800 and PPE-S2100, the bond strength of the porous film was much higher than that of the black oxide film. No damage to the crystal structure of the film was observed even after the bond strength test. And delaminations or blisterings were not observed even after the thermal shock test. Accordingly, the porous films preparing by this process can be applied for a copper inner-layer foil treatment.


ABSTRACT Objective: The authors sought to assess military veterans' functioning in college by comparing their experience with that of civilian students. Participants: The study, conducted from April 2012 to February 2013, included 445 civilian and 61 student service member/veteran (SSM/V) undergraduates, drawn from a community college and two 4-year Catholic colleges, in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York. Methods: Participants completed anonymous online surveys. Six areas of functioning in transition to college were examined: Health, Fitting In, Emotional Adjustment, Productivity, Perceived Career Support, and Social Engagement. Results: Students, both SSM/V and civilian, with past exposure to a potentially traumatic event fit in worse than students without such exposure. Past exposure to trauma was associated with poorer emotional adjustment in civilian students, but not in SSM/V. Conclusions: Implications of results were discussed.


In the present paper we prove that the indexes of the Weyl groups in the orthogonal groups for some indefinite symmetrizable Kac- Moody algebras are infinite. The main technique used here is based on integral solutions of certain Diophatine equations derived from some 3x3 GCM's of infinite type.


A technique consisting of aquatic plants,artificial fillers and immobilized nitrogen cycling bacteria(INCB)was adopted in situ purifying contaminated Xinyi River in fall and winter seasons.The results showed that before temperature decreased,aquatic plant-microorganism performed so well on purifying contaminated water that the best removal rates of chemical oxygen demand(COD_Mn),total nitrogen(TN),NH~+_4-N and total phosphorus(TP)were estimated to be 50.2%,29.8%,49.3% and 57.9%,respectively.In low temperature season,however,the effectiveness decreased so dramatically that the least removal rates of COD_Mn,TN,NH~+_4-N and TP were only 7.4%,0.6%,1.5% and 4.2%,respectively.In the conditions of lower temperature,compared with aquatic plant-microorganism,purifying contaminated water with INCB-microorganism is more stable and effective.The average removal rates of COD_Mn,TN,NH~+_4-N and TP were 31.9%,21.3%,23.3% and 21.3%,respectively.Therefore,combining plant-microorganism with INCB-microorganism techniques,the effectiveness of remediation of contaminated river in fall and winter seasons was improved to some extent.


The Real Time Ocean Forecast System_Atlantic (RT_OFS_ATL) is a new forecast system at NOAA's National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). RT_OFS_ATL, based on the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model, forecasts ocean variables in the Atlantic out to five days. RT_OFS_ATL is being evaluated by the Ocean Prediction Center (OPC) for its use as a forecasting tool for marine weather and eventually the basis for a suite of oceanographic products. RT_OFS_ATL has shown realistic behavior in sea surface temperature and height. The initial state of the model has some persistent unrealistic features that are being improved upon


Critical incident stress management (CISM) is introduced by Everly and Mitchell in the 1990s. It usually includes defusing, critical incidents stress debriefing (CISD), family support, and intervention tech- niques of other critical incidents, with the goal of reducing the incidence, duration, the extent of damage from the traumatic incidents. This article describes the techniques of critical incident stress management, especially the critical incidents stress debriefing in detail. The author also presents some empirical researches in this area in recent years and depicts the possible future of critical incident stress management.


We study the optimal retail price and service level in a dual-channel supply chain in which the manufacturer may sell products through its online channel and offline retailer. Consumers with channel preference make their purchasing decision based on retail price, service level and channel valuation difference. We consider the reference price effect into a Hotelling utility function to formulate the competition of retail price and service level. We analytically derive the unique equilibrium separately in three power structures: (1) Manufacturer-led Stackelberg game (MS), (2) Retailer-led Stackelberg game (RS) and (3) Nash game (N). Particularly, we characterize the impacts of channel valuation difference and reference price effect intensity on the optimal decision and expected profit. In contrast to the previous literature on the dominance of the supply chain in that the dominance always can raise the dominant enterprise's profit, our findings indicate that supply chain members with channel advantages and channel disadvantages have different preferences for power structure. The member with channel disadvantages should give up dominance. Only when channel valuation difference is significant or reference price effect intensity is weak, the member with channel advantages will fight for dominance. Nash game is highly competitive in that the members only earn less profit. Numerical examples verified theoretical results.


Trip optimization is essential in multilateral well construction, especially for extended-reach drilling (ERD) wells. This paper describes the design, testing, and operation of a completion deflector running and test tool (RTT) that was recently used during completion of one of the industry's deepest extended-reach multilateral wells. The RTT allows for running and pressure testing of a completion deflector and lower completion components in a single trip, thus saving at least one trip, and up to three trips.
 The challenge was to develop the capability to run a completion deflector with an existing pressure test tool. This was accomplished by converting the pressure test tool into a running tool. The new pressure actuated mechanism built into the tool releases the completion deflector automatically after a successful pressure test. A secondary release mechanism was also incorporated for contingency options. Extensive engineering qualification tests validated the new features to be highly reliable.


ABSTRACT The authors analyse how white undergraduate pre-service teachers resist anti-racist teacher education courses, and how acts of white fragility and white student resistance are employed against Black female professors. In this discussion, we draw from our experiences as two Black women faculty at two predominately white institutions (PWI). Using Critical Race Feminism we discuss how white student resistance is manifested in social interactions with Black female faculty, and how the racialized and gendered spaces of higher education, specifically teacher education, impacts teaching and learning. We introduce a conceptual framework for elucidating white student resistance using psychological and sociological concepts including 1) passive-aggressive behaviours, 2) groupthink, 3) lynch mob, and 4) bystander's effect. This article advances scholarship on white student resistance to non-hegemonic curriculum in higher education, and how whiteness structures student's ability to develop anti-racist praxis.


How to determine ecological compensation standard is one of the main difficulties during designing the ecological compensation scheme. Taking the central mountainous area of Hainan Island as a case study,we calculate the cash flows of rubber and betel based on remote sensing interpretation,survey and interview. And the opportunity cost of ecological forest protection was determined (2.37×108 Yuan RMB/year) in the central mountainous area,which was considered the ecological compensation standard. Moreover,the impacts of time factor and risk factor have on opportunity cost were discussed:time factor could be divided into discount rate and cash flow in different periods,risk could reduce the opportunity cost. The results suggest that to combine opportunity cost calculation with farmland ownership is a suitable method to determine the ecological compensation standard,and considering the impacts of time factor and risk factor will make the estimation of ecological compensation standard more reasonable.


In their 1975 review of 'labour in the coalfields' for the Bulletin of the Society for the Study of Labour History, R. G. Neville and John Benson noted that: 'the absence of any interpretation of the 'management revolution' in the context of the British coal industry as a whole during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries remains a glaring gap in the existing state of our knowledge.' Since Neville and Benson's article, there has been scant attention paid to managerial employees in the historiography of the British coal industry. In most cases, managers in the industry have been assumed to be either adjuncts to their employers or local autocrats. There have only been a handful of studies examining managers in the industry. Of these the view that has tended to dominate the literature where managers are concerned was that advanced by Brian McCormick in 1960. Within the last two decades this has been qualified by more detailed studies of managers, such as that of Ina Zweiniger- Bargielowska.


Applications such as generator scheduling, household smart device scheduling, transmission line overload management and microgrid islanding autonomy all play key roles in the smart grid ecosystem. Management of these applications could benefit from short-term load prediction, which has been successfully achieved on large-scale systems such as national grids. However, the scale of the data for analysis is much smaller, similar to the load of a single transformer, making prediction difficult. This paper examines several prediction approaches for day and week ahead electrical load of a community of houses that are supplied by a common residential transformer, in particular: artificial neural networks; fuzzy logic; auto-regression; auto-regressive moving average; auto-regressive integrated moving average; and wavelet neural networks. In our evaluation, the methods use pre-recorded electrical load data with added weather information. Data is recorded from a smart-meter trial that took place during 2009-2010 in Ireland, which registered individual household consumption for 17 months. Two different scenarios are investigated, one with 90 houses, and another with 230 houses. Results for the two scenarios are compared and the performances of the evaluated prediction methods are discussed.


The synthesis of isoascididemin, a regioisomer of the naturally occurring ascididemin, has been completed in nine steps from 2,5-dimethoxyaniline. The key steps feature a selective palladium(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 6-bromo-5,8-dimethoxy-4-[(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)oxy] quinoline with N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-(trimethylstannyl)aniline promoted by Cu(I) and a hetero-Dields-Alder reaction of a quinoline-5,8-dione with acrolein N,N-dimethylhydrazone


In this work, a current-mode instrumentation amplifier with common-mode current cancellation is realized using enhanced CCII topology. Detailed CMRR analysis is performed and parameters for maximizing the CMRR are defined. The proposed structure is simulated using SPICE and realized on a prototyping board. According to the simulation and measurement results the proposed circuit shows superior CMRR performance compared to other well-known current-mode instrument amplifier topologies.


Gnathostomiasis, an emerging food-borne helminthic zoonosis, is reported in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The disease is caused by the third stage larvae of several species of the genus Gnathostoma. The life cycle of the helminth Gnathostoma is complex as it needs two intermediate hosts. Man acts as an accidental host, and acquires infection by ingesting raw or undercooked or unprocessed meat of the freshwater fish, chicken, duck, frog, pig, and snake. Cutaneous and visceral form of disease is reported in human beings. The involvement of central nervous system carries high morbidity and mortality. Laboratory help is required to diagnose Gnathostomiasis. Disease should be differentiated from angiostrongyliasis, cutaneous larva migrans and trichinosis. Chemotherapy is done with albendazole and ivermectin. However, surgical excision of parasite becomes imperative when vital organs are affected. Thorough cooking of meat in endemic areas and health education of people about the importance of safe cooking are considered the best strategy to control this emerging food-borne nematodal zoonosis. Further studies on the diagnostic techniques and epidemiology of gnathostomiasis seem imperative.


The microstructure and properties of HMn59 2 1 0 5 alloy air cooled and aged at different temperature and time are studied.The results show that the HMn59 2 1 0 5 alloy aged in 200℃ for 1h has a better properties.The wear resistance of HMn59 2 1 0 5 alloy ring treated by air cooled and aged at 200℃ for 1h equals to that of imported synchro converter ring.


Nine microsatellite markers have been isolated from the scab mite, Psoroptes ovis . These markers have been tested for polymorphism in individual Psoroptes mites originating from two hosts, the European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus , and sheep, Ovis aries . No definitive picture of Psoroptes species' status or interrelationships exists. This study provides the basis for a new molecular system to elucidate the systematics of groupings within the genus Psoroptes , allowing us to clarify the population dynamics and epidemiology of the mites causing sheep scab world wide.


Agile software development has had a significant impact on the development of software applications that contain a graphical user interface (GUI). GUIs are by far the most popular means used to interact with today's software. A GUI uses one or more metaphors for objects familiar in real life such as buttons, menus, a desktop, the view through a window, a trash can, and the physical layout in a room. Objects of a GUI include elements such as windows, pull-down menus, buttons, scroll bars, iconic images, and wizards. A software user performs events to interact with the GUI, manipulating GUI objects as one would real objects. For example, dragging an item, discarding an object by dropping it in a trash can, and selecting items from a menu are all familiar events AbstrAct


Abstract : The purpose of this study was to develop a shadowing function for a rough surface model that was based upon an exponential probability density function (pdf). This study had four critical parts: (1) Derive the characteristic function and the joint slope probability density function for a second-order exponential pdf. (2) Write a computer program to numerically compute the shadowing function for the second-order exponential pdf surface model. (3) Compare the shadowing function obtained with an 'exponential like' and Gaussian pdf. (4) Also, investigate a discrepancy in the mean-square total slope term.


A measure of profitability is the overall measure of efficiency. Sufficient profits help the business concern to sustain its operations, interalia assist business to raise funds in the capital market. Failure to earn adequate rate of profit over a period will also drain the company's cash and impair its liquidity. Investors, creditors, employees, management ad others are interested in profitability position of the firm. Profitability ratio measures the degree of operating success of a company in an accounting period. The present paper attempts to analyse the profitability of selected FMCG companies in India using profitability ratios. The study found that ITC Ltd. has recorded highest values of GPM, OPM and NPM against its peer companies. Britannia Industries Ltd. has shown highest EPS. An upward movement in ROTA was found in Colgate Palmolive (India) Ltd. over the sample period, while Godrej Consumer Products Ltd. and Colgate Palmolive (India) Ltd. have generated significantly higher returns on the capital employed by the investors. The results were tested to know whether there is a significant variation across the time period and found to be statistically insignificant.


Mineral deposits in the ESEE Region: case studies Mineralogical characterization of raw materials The mineral inventory of the ESEE Region Innovations in Mineral Processing Plants ESEE Region: Studies Processing Abstract . Pursuing one of the main convictions of the Institute of Metallurgy the University of Miskolc, we have found good opportunities of applying hydro-electrometallurgical methods extracting metallic values from waste materials produced. The equilibrium conditions in the chloride solutions were examined by thermodynamic simulation and the processes were investigated by laboratory experiments. The relatively large amounts of dross generated by the use of lead-free soldering alloys was an ideal raw material for producing pure tin by an aqueous electrorefining procedure in HCl-SnCl 2 media. The proper anodic dissolution of tin, the stability in the electrolyte solution and the required cathode purity was ensured by optimised conditions in terms of solution composition and electrolysis parameters. Processing the most common Sn-Ag-Cu waste materials implied the generation of an equally valuable silver containing by-product easily removed as a non-dissolved sludge. A chloride hydrometallurgy based process was also devised for the processing of this sludge. We have also processed acidic copper chloride solutions originating from the etching of printed circuit boards. In this case, high purity copper could be deposited at the cathode in a cell equipped with a cation exchange membrane separation of the inert anode. Current efficiencies were found strongly affected by the distribution of copper ions among different valence states and chloride complex structures, and also by the current densities. The purity of the produced metal could be enhanced by applying anion-exchange separation to purify the chloride solution before feeding it into the cathode compartment. A method has been devised also for recovering iron, zinc and hydrochloric acid from spent pickling liquors generated by the preparatory step of hot dip zinc coating. In this case anion-exchange is vitally important to remove zinc from the chloride solution before electrodepositing iron in a cell equipped with a cation exchange membrane separation and a hydrogen diffusion anode. Although the efficiency is sensible to acid concentration, the produced iron is of super purity.


Use of the Boersma curve in order to describe the beneficial effect of thrombolytic treatment at different treatment delays seems questionable, because the curve may underestimate the favourable prognostic effects of early thrombolysis in patients with acute myocardial infarction


Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by fusion of RARA with PML, or rarely other gene partners. We report a patient with APL with a novel fusion between RARA and the interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein 2 (IRF2BP2) genes. A 19-year-old woman presented with ecchymoses and epistaxis. Bone marrow examination showed morphologic and immunophenotypic features consistent with APL. PML oncogenic domain antibody was positive. Conventional cytogenetics, FISH, RT-PCR and oligonucleotide microarray for PML-RARA and common APL variant translocations were negative. Next generation RNAseq analysis followed by RT-PCR and direct sequencing revealed distinct breakpoints within IRF2BP2 exon 2 and RARA intron 2. The patient received ATRA, arsenic trioxide and gemtuzumab ozogamicin, and achieved complete molecular remission. However, the disease relapsed ten months later, two months after completion of consolidation therapy. This case expands the list of novel RARA partners identified in APL.


Weak antilocalization (WAL) is expected whenever strong spin-orbit coupling or scattering comes into play. Spin-orbit coupling in the bulk states of a topological insulator is very strong, enough to result in the topological phase transition. However, the recently observed WAL in topological insulators seems to have an ambiguous origin from the bulk states. Starting from the effective model for three-dimensional topological insulators, we find that the lowest two-dimensional (2D) bulk subbands of a topological insulator thin film can be described by the modified massive Dirac model. We derive the magnetoconductivity formula for both the 2D bulk subbands and surface bands. Because with Relatively large gap, the 2D bulk subbands may lie in the regimes where the unitary behavior or even weak localization (WL) is also expected, instead of always WAL. As a result, the bulk states may contribute small magnetoconductivity or even compensate the WAL from the surface states. Inflection in magnetoconductivity curves may appear when the bulk WL channels outnumber the surface WAL channels, providing a signature of the weak localization from the bulk states.


Mannanase is a mannan degrading enzyme which is produced by microorganisms, including bacteria. This enzyme can be used in many industrial processes as well as for improving the quality of animal feeds. The aim of the present study was to screen and characterize the mannanase-producing bacteria. Two genera of bacteria were isolated from Thai soil samples, fermented coconut, and fertilizer. Screening was carried out on agar plates containing mannan stained with iodine solution. The bacteria were identified by partial 16S rRNA gene sequence, biochemical test and morphology, respectively. The mannanase activity was determined by zymogram and DNS method. Two strains of bacteria with mannanase activity were identified as Bacillus and Chryseobacterium. This is the first report of mannanase-producing Chryseobacterium.


The territory of Bahia State is part of the São Francisco structural province. The basement of the province is characterized by granite-greenstone and high grade metamorphic tcrrains developed during the Archean and Early Proterozoic. The Early Archean is represented by small tonalitic-granodioritic and enderbitic-charuockitic nuclei 3,500 Ma old. Several portions of gneissic-migmatitic and granulitie terrains have ages of 3,000 Ma and Rb/Sr isochronic values of 2,700 Ma that represem lhe principal phase of lhe Jequié geotectonic cycle. During lhe Early Protcrozoic. extensive arcas of the basement of the São Francisco province underwent intensive remobilization , through granitization and Kcmetasornatism related to the Transamazônico geotectonic cycle (2.200-1,800 Ma). Besides greenstone belts the granite-greenstcne terrains contain volcano-sedimentary (greenstone belt like) and platform sequences developed since lhe Archean to the Early Proterozoic. The high grade metamorphic terrains contain remnants of supracrustal sequences and basic-ultrabasic complexes. The metallogenic Framework of Bahia shows that more important mineral deposits such as ALI, Cr , Cu, Fe-Ti-V, Pb-Zn-Mn , rnagnesite and tale are related to Archean and Early Proterozoic evolution. Gold deposits are located in vclcanic rocks of greenstone belt environments, and in conglomerates of Witwatersrand type. Eeonornie deposits 01' Cr. Cu, Fe-Ti~V are associated with maflc-ultramafic complexes in high grade metamorphic terrains. Pb-Zn and Mn minerallzations occur in volcano-sedimentary (greenstone bel! like} sequences and the platform sequences contam large deposits of m~gnesite and tale. r---------.--------,


This cross-sectional study of 129 grandparents raising their grandchildren examined the extent to which social supports are related to the grandparents' stress (psychological anxiety). A hierarchical regression analysis, with variables entered in blocks, revealed that contextual factors, stressors related to caregiving, and lack of supports accounted for 35% of the variance. Younger grandparents, grandchildren with psychological and physical problems, and low family cohesion were associated with stress. Implications for clinical and educational intervention are discussed.


1 St. John's Ambulance certificate; 4 nurses' certificates for qualifications obtained at the Alfred Hospital; 11 photographs of the Alfred Hospital (facade and interiors of the wards and operating theatre), nurses and doctors.


The popularity of internet along with the huge number of reviews posted daily via social media, blogs and review sites invokes the research challenges on topic or aspect based analysis. In the recent years, it also has become a challenging task to mine opinions with respect to the aspects from the available unstructured and noisy data. In this paper, we present a novel approach to identify the key terms and its sentiments from the reviews of Restaurants and Laptops with the help of different features and Conditional Random Field based machine learning algorithm. The supervised method achieves F-score of 0.7493380 and 0.6858054 for aspect term identification whereas 0.68982 and 0.6041 of accuracy for aspect based sentiment classification on Restaurant and Laptop reviews, respectively.


The chrysanthemic acids are catalytically hydrogenated to the stereoisomeric dihydro-chrysanthemic acids. These acids are characterized, and esterified with allylrethrolone and propylrethrolone to give a series of esters for insecticidal testing.


PROBZONES is a generalized polygon layer outlining areas in the Seaside-Gearhart, Oregon, area subject to the 100-year and 500-year flood as determined by probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis (PTHA).


Mer,trans-Re(≡NC6H5)(PPh3)2Cl3, Ⅰ, reacted with trimethylphosphine to give a mixture of two stereoisomers, mer,trans-Re(≡NC6H5)(PMe3)2Cl3,Ⅱ, and fac,cis-Re(≡NC6H5)(PMe3)2Cl3, Ⅲ. These compounds could also be prepared from the reaction of Re(≡NC6H5)(PMe3)(PPh3)Cl3 with trimethylphosphine. In both reactions the mer,trans-isomer is a major product. The products have been characterized by NMR, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography. Crystal data for Ⅱ: monoclinic space group P21, a=10.053(1) Å, b=10.844(1) Å, c=10.058(2) Å, β=113.45(2)°, Z=2, R(wR2)=0.0348 (0.0894). Crystal data for Ⅲ: monoclinic space group P21/n, a=7.183(2) Å, b=16.983(4) Å, c=15.543(4) Å, β=90.38(2)°, Z=4, R(wR2)=0.0603 (0.1484).


Elevated nutrient concentrations present significant challenges to surface water quality management globally, and dissolved organic matter mediates several key biogeochemical processes. Storm events often dominate riverine loads of nitrate, phosphorus, and dissolved organic matter, and are expected to increase in frequency and intensity in many regions due to climate change. The recent development of in situ optical sensors has revolutionized water quality monitoring and has highlighted the important role storms play in water quality. This dissertation focuses on improving the application of in situ optical water quality sensors and interpreting the high-frequency data they produce to better understand biogeochemical and watershed processes that are critical for resource management. We deployed in situ sensors to monitor water quality in three watersheds with contrasting land use / land cover, including agricultural, urban, and forested landscapes. The sensors measured absorbance of ultraviolet-visible light through the water column at 2.5 nanometer wavelength increments at 15-minute intervals for three years. These deployments provided a testbed to evaluate the sensors and improve models to predict concentrations of nitrate, three phosphorus fractions, and dissolved organic carbon using absorbance spectra and laboratory analyses through multivariate statistical techniques. In addition, an improved hysteresis calculation method was used to determine shorttimescale storm dynamics for several parameters during 220 storm events. Goals of each dissertation chapter were to: (1) examine the influences of seasonality, storm size, and dominant land use / land cover on storm dissolved organic carbon and nitrate hysteresis and loads; (2) evaluate the utility of the sensors to determine total, dissolved, and soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations in streams draining different land use / land covers, and perform the first statistically robust validation technique applied to optical water quality sensor calibration models; and (3) analyze storm event dissolved organic matter quantity and character dynamics by calculating hysteresis indices for DOC concentration and spectral slope ratio, and develop a novel analytical framework that leverages these high frequency measurements to infer biogeochemical and watershed processes. Each chapter includes key lessons and future recommendations for using in situ optical sensors to monitor water quality.


A generalized lubrication theory that is applicable to highly deformable porous layers is developed using an effective-medium approach (Brinkman equation). This theory is valid in the limit where the structure is so compressible that the normal forces generated by elastic compression of the fibres comprising the solid phase are negligible compared to the pressure forces generated within the porous layer. We assume that the deformation of the solid phase is primarily due to boundary compression as opposed to the motion of the fluid phase. A generalized Reynolds equation is derived in which the spatial variation of the Darcy permeability parameter, α = H/√Kp, due to the matrix compression is determined by new local hydrodynamic solutions for the flow through a simplified periodic fibre model for the deformed matrix. Here H is the undeformed layer thickness and Kp the Darcy permeability. This simplified model assumes that the fibres compress linearly with the deformed gap height in the vertical direction, but the fibre spacing in the horizontal plane remains unchanged. The model is thus able to capture the essential nonlinearity that results from large-amplitude deformations of the matrix layer. The new theory shows that there is an unexpected striking similarity between the gliding motion of a red cell moving over the endothelial glycocalyx that lines our microvessels and a human skier or snowboarder skiing on compressed powder. In both cases one observes an order-of-magnitude compression of the matrix layer when the motion is arrested and predicts values of α that are of order 100. In this large-α limit one finds that the pressure and lift forces generated within the compressed matrix are four orders-of-magnitude greater than classical lubrication theory. In the case of the red cell these repulsive forces may explain why red cells do not experience constant adhesive molecular interactions with the endothelial plasmalemma, whereas in the case of the skier or snowboarder the theory explains why a 70 kg human can glide through compressed powder without sinking to the base as would occur if the motion is arrested. The principal difference between the tightly fitting red cell and the snowboarder is the lateral leakage of the excess pressure at the edges of the snowboard which greatly diminishes the lift force. A simplified axisymmetric model is presented for the red cell to explain the striking pop out phenomenon in which a red cell that starts from rest will quickly lift off the surface and then glide near the edge of the glycocalyx and also for the unexpectedly large apparent viscosity measured by Pries et al. (1994) in vivo.


The pedestal and form board design,the stretching and loosen of prestressed steel strand were discussed from Xiake avenue hollow slab site construction experience,at last,several experiences of beam fabrication were discussed so as to popularize psetensioned prestressed pedestal application.


This study aims to establish a highly sensitive and specific method for single cell screening and identification of KRAS+/epithelial cell adhesion molecules (EpCAMs)/vimentin+/pancreatic cancer circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and to explore the clinical implications in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. A single cell separation and identification system for pancreatic cancer CTCs was constructed based on the preparation of KRAS immunolipid magnetic spheres. The function of the system was evaluated, the physical parameters of the immunoliposomes (IMLs) were characterized, and the isolation effect of the IMLs on CTCs was studied and compared with EpCAM and vimentin phenotypic CTCs. CTCs in the peripheral blood of 50 patients with pancreatic cancer confirmed by preoperative CT diagnosis and postoperative pathology were isolated and identified. The isolated CTCs were stained with CK immune antibody, observed, and identified, the number of CTCs was counted, and the relationship between the CTC count and the clinical malignant grade markers and grade indicators was examined. The consistency of the KRAS mutation rate between CTCs and tissues was analyzed and compared. It was found that the circulating tumor cell sorting system with a high expression of KRAS-ML could effectively enrich the circulating tumor cells with a positive expression of KRAS in pancreatic cancer. The pancreatic cancer CTC sorting and single-cell gene detection system can be used as a new detection technology of peripheral blood CTCs in patients with pancreatic cancer. As a minimally invasive liquid biopsy method, this technology has significant clinical practice implications for pancreatic cancer detection and effectiveness assessment.


Describes the traditional taboos and practices associated with pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period in the villages of Matlab thana in Bangladesh, and discusses the implications for and organization of a simple maternal and child health program in the area.


Cagatay Ozturk, MD; Mehmet Tezer, MD; Cuneyt Mirzanli, MD; F. Erkal Bilen, MD; Mehment Aydogan, MD;Azmi Hamzaoglu, MDIstanbul Spine Center, Florence Nightingale Hospital, Istanbul, TurkeyReceived January 24, 2006; accepted February 23, 2006AbstractBackground/Objective: Salmonella spondylodiskitis is an uncommon type of vertebral infection. The aimof this study was to present a case of progressive paraplegia caused by Salmonella spondylodiskitis andepidural abscess after endoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods: The patient underwent posterior instrumentation and posterior fusion between T6 and T12,hemilaminotomies at levels T8-T9-T10, and drainage of the abscess. Through a left thoracotomy, anteriorT8–T10 corpectomy, debridement, anterior stabilization, and fusion were conducted.Results: Fifteen months later, final follow-up showed no complications secondary to the vertebral and hipsurgeries, and neurological status improved to Frankel grade E. Laboratory investigations showed noevidence of Salmonella infection.Conclusion: Immunocompromised patients who undergo endoscopic intervention are vulnerable toSalmonella infections. One must consider Salmonella infection in those who develop acute progressivespondylodiskitis.J Spinal Cord Med. 2006;29:234–236Key Words: Salmonella spondylodiskitis; Epidural abscess; Vertebral infection; Osteomyelitis; Paraplegia;Systemic lupus erythematosus; Immunocompromised stateINTRODUCTIONSpondylodiskitis is a rare condition that represents about2% of all cases of osteomyelitis. It can be caused by eitherspecific or nonspecific pathogens. Predisposing condi-tions include: diabetes mellitus, systemic diseases,pulmonary infections, renaldeficiencytreatedwithhemodialysis, immunodeficiency, and abdominal sur-gery. Salmonella spondylodiskitis is an uncommon typeof vertebral infection. This report presents a case ofa woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) whowas undergoing immunosuppressive treatment. Afterendoscopic cholecystectomy, she developed acute, pro-gressive paraplegia caused by spondylodiskitis andepidural abscess.CASE REPORTA 53-year-old female patient with SLE was followed for 1year in a rheumatology clinic. For initial treatment forSLE, she received cyclophosphamide 500 mg intrave-nously, every 3 weeks for 5 months plus 80 mg/day,which was gradually decreased to 28 mg/day as thetreatment continued. She underwent laparoscopic cho-lecystectomy 2 months before this report. One weeklater, she began complaining of leg pain that increasedgradually in severity. She developed an abscess over theleft trochanter major that was surgically drained.Salmonella was identified from the culture that wasobtained from this abscess. At this point, she wasadmitted to our clinic with a neurological deficit ofFrankel grade C. Because of pain, she was unable to liesupine for the past month and had to position herself byleaning over a box while sitting. Her pain did not respondto analgesic medication, including narcotics. Directradiographic examination revealed no abnormalities.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were con-ducted that showed spondylodiskitis compressing thespinal cord at levels T8, T9, and T10 anteriorly andposteriorly (Figure 1). Laboratory studies showed a whiteblood cell count of 7,200/mm


Sound reproduction methods based on the physical resynthesis of a desired field using loudspeaker arrays are well-established nowadays. Their physical basis allows to resynthesize almost any desired wave field, even the field of sound sources positioned in between the loudspeakers and the listener. Such sources are known as focused sources. This paper will present a novel approach to the reproduction of focused sources with linear loudspeaker arrays. Its formulation is based on a representation of the respective fields in the spatio-temporal frequency domain. The derivation of the loudspeaker driving function is discussed, as well as a number of practical limits, the role of evanescent contributions and the connections to other established techniques.


Objectives: In order to research the effects of TGF-&bgr;1/smad3 signaling pathway on the phenotype transformation and collagen synthesis of rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) induced by high sodium in vitro. Methods: The CCK8 assays were used to determine optimal concentration and action time of smad3 inhibitor (SIS3) and TGF-&bgr;1 receptor inhibitor (SB431542) on CFs from Wistar rats. CFs were divided into control group (Na+139 mmol/L), high-sodium group (Na+149 mmol/L- Na+176 mmol/L), high-sodium+SIS3 group (Na+161 mmol/L+SIS3 0.5 &mgr;M- 5 &mgr;M), high-sodium+SB group (Na+161 mmol/L+SB431542 1 &mgr;M- 25 &mgr;M), mannitol group (osmotic pressure corresponding to the Na+ 161 mmol/L group), and cultured for 48 h. The mRNA and protein levels of &agr;-SMA, fibronectin extra domain-A (Fn ED-A), Collagen I, Collagen III, TGF-&bgr;1, smad3 were detected by real time-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence. The content of TGF-&bgr;1 in culture supernatant was determined by ELISA. The CFs migration was observed through the cell scratch test. Results: High sodium promoted the proliferation and migration of rat CFs under the exclusion of osmotic pressure. The proliferation of CFs was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by SIS3 and SB431542. The mRNA and protein levels of &agr;-SMA, Fn ED-A, Collagen I, Collagen III, TGF-&bgr;1, p-smad3 were increased in high-sodium group and excluded the influence of osmotic pressure. The secretion of TGF-&bgr;1 in culture medium was elevated as well. Meanwhile, the protein levels of &agr;-SMA, Fn ED-A, Collagen I, Collagen III were downregulated by SB431542 and SIS3. Conclusion: High salt can cause the proliferation and phenotype transformation of CFs toward to myofibroblasts and promote collagen synthesis via TGF-&bgr;1/ smad3 pathway. TGF-&bgr;1/ smad3 may be the key intervention targets for preventing high-salt induced myocardial fibrosis.


Abstract : Implementing Total Quality Management (TQM) into the U.S. Coast Guard Reserve involves a major change in the way work is done. The impact will be enormous and universal. Thorough planning must be done to ensure satisfactory integration of TQM. Interviews with the principal officers involved with the TQM initiative were conducted to examine the current status of the project. this study describes the basis of the Coast Guard's TQM philosophy and tools, identifies criteria of successful change, and delineates general techniques for the implementation effort. Resistance to change and overcoming that resistance are explored. A general guide for implementing change in the Coast Guards Reserve is outlined as a product of this research. The guide can be employed so as to be useful for initiating TQM or any new concept in an organization. An in-depth reporting of the full range of quality literature and the various proponents' philosophies was felt unnecessary as the Coast Guard has already chosen the TQM method it will use. this factor influenced the research concentration away from other TQM philosophies toward the organizational change area. The change literature contains vast amounts of information. The models selected for this thesis are representative of that information, and the evolution of theories in the field of planned change. (3) Assumptions. This thesis assumes the reader has no, or very little, knowledge of the Coast Guard's TQM method or familiarity with change models. The researcher also felt there may be limited knowledge in some areas of Coast Guard management about TQM and planned change concepts.


............................................................................................................ i EXECUTICE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... i SCARLED CONSORTIUM ........................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................... v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.......................................................................................... vi 1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................ 8 2 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................... 10 3 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................. 12 4 DATA COLLECTION AND SAMPLE DESCRIPTION ....................................................... 16 4.1 Sampling and data collection ................................................................. 16 4.2 Data adjustment and descriptive statistics ................................................ 16 5 RESULTS...................................................................................................... 19 5.1 Importance of subsistence farming for agricultural household incomes............. 19 5.2 Attitudes and perceptions of farm households to farming and commercialisation 20 5.3 Stepwise regression............................................................................. 30 6 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................... 33 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................... 35 APPENDIX 1: MERGED SAMPLE STATEMENTS ANOVA, BY COUNTRY .................................... 37 APPENDIX 2: ROTATED COMPONENT MATRIX ............................................................... 39 Deliverable 6.6 Determinants for, and barriers to, exit from subsistence food production: commonalities and differences among NMS


Background
In Africa, fever is the main reason for consultation, with malaria playing a prominent role. Studies have reported that the widespread use of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria, implemented since 2010, has revealed an increasing proportion of non-malaria acute febrile illnesses (NMAFI). It is an important public health issue because evidence shows that mortality is higher among patients presenting with non-malarial fever than among those with malaria.

Methods
This cross-sectional study assessed the professional practices of healthcare providers in the management of NMAFI in urban and rural sites in Burkina Faso. Data was collected from 286 healthcare providers through a questionnaire based on the clinical situation in 2014. Factors have been associated using a hierarchical linear mixed model with random intercepts to model dependence of outcomes for healthcare providers working on the same site.

Results
Survey results showed limited knowledge about management of NMAFI, global survey score on General Practice Indicator being 60% (36.02/60.00). This gap was more evident at the admission and diagnosis level. The study's population from rural areas had better survey score than that of urban areas concerning the respect of adequacy diagnosis, treatment and use of antibiotics in NMAFI, 15.71 vs 13.93 mean score (p=0.01) (75 vs 66% on a 0 to 100% scale, with 100% being the best). Overall, more educated participants performed relatively better. A total of 46% (134/286) of participants felt that they needed training in at least one of the fever-related issues.

Conclusions
Increased awareness and knowledge of management for NMAFI are urgently required in Burkina Faso. This must be done through regular supervision and training courses targeted specifically at primary healthcare providers.


In this paper, a new supervised classification method, combines spectral and spatial information, is proposed. The method is based on the two following facts. First, a hyperspectral pixel can be sparsely represented by a linear combination of the dictionary consists of a few labeled samples. If any unknown hyperspectral pixel lies in the subspace spanned by some labeled-class samples, it will be classified to this labeledclass. And it is to solve a fully constrained sparse unmixing problem and the classification is relaxed to be determined by the sparse vector whose nonzero entries correspond to the weights of the selected labeled samples. Second, since the nearest neighbors probably belong to the same class, a spatial constraint is introduced. Alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and the Graph Cut based method are then used to solve the spectral-spatial model. Finally, our method is applied to two real hyperspectral data sets (Indian Pines and University of Pavia) for classification. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms many of the state-of-the-art methods.


Legacy information search systems have limitation that it does not consider semantic information but just lexical information such as keywords. A semantic web is expected to solve such limitation of present systems. In constructing semantic web, an ontology is believed to be a must. However, the ontology construction is very difficult. It requires great human efforts, since the creation of individuals is a time consuming task. Thus, there is a potential need for automatic or semiautomatic ontology population system, which greatly alleviates the human efforts. This paper proposes a method for an ontology population, in which the population is processed by computing the overlap between instances and concepts. This method is very simple but shows high performance.


Doctors can provide healthcare related treatments to users by using telecare medicine information systems (TMISs). To safeguard these systems, an appropriate security scheme for authentication plus key agreement is required conclusively. Recently in 2015, Arshad et al. (2015) revealed some flaws in Bin Muhaya's authentication and key agreement scheme and proposed an enhanced system on the same. However, we demonstrate that Arshad et al.'s (2015) scheme is susceptible to session key disclosure as well as user impersonation attacks. Moreover, in pursuance of better security, we introduce a new two-factor authentication and key agreement scheme.


R-236fa and R-125 in place of HCFC or R-125 and R-245fa,, or R-236ea, or HCFC-containing refrigerant by using the R-134a and R-236fa replaced by new formulations. There is no need to change the hardware or oil composition substantially the same temperature, to maintain the pressure and volume as before in a refrigeration system.


Locked modes are precursors to major disruptions. During locked modes, the temperature decreases in the plasma edge region. This causes the current to contract. A model is given to analyze the MHD stability of contracted current equilibria. If there is sufficient current contraction, resistive wall tearing modes are destabilized. This requires that the q = 2 surface be sufficiently close to the wall. The threshold conditions obtained in the model are consistent with experimental observations of the conditions for a thermal quench in a disruption.


IR and Raman spectroscopy have been used to investigate the relationship between vibrational spectra and the structure of one-dimentional (1-D) and three-dimentional (3-D) aluminophosphite materials. The vibrational features of structural units, guest molecules inside the pores including organic amine, ammonium cations, and water molecules, have been studied as well as the host−guest interaction of the species in the pores and the framework. The vibration mode of the 1-D and 3-D aluminophosphite framework in the region of 200−1250 cm-1 shows different features. The band in the range of 1200−1250 cm-1 is supposed to be related to the 3-D aluminophosphite framework P−O vibration. The OH stretch vibration of water molecules shift to low frequency when bonding to framework aluminum or H-bonding (···O−H···O) with framework oxygen. IR (Raman) spectra of templates with strong host−guest interaction with the framework show many complex vibration bands compared with the free ones. The characteristic vibrations of ...


This work describes a coder that works at bit rates of 9.6Kbits/s to 32 Kb/ s. Basically the system consist on a waveform DPCM coder with an improvement in the quantizer. This new feature consist on quantizing the prediction error taking into account its waveform characteristics. The prediction residual of a voiced signal is characterized by an energy sychronous with pitch. The envelope of this signal holds this information and can be used to quantize properly the prediction error. In this work a parametric version of the residual envelope is used in two ways: Dynamic bit assignment in time domain and adaptive control of the dynamic range of the quantizer.


A series of 782 patients with a clinical diagnosis of oral or lip leukoplakia was followed with regular checks for 1 to 44 years (mean 12 years). Oral carcinoma developed in 2.4% of the patients in 10 years and in 4% in 20 years. The prevalence in the various age groups was about 50 to 100 times greater than for the Swedish population according to the 1959 Cancer Registry. It was primarily the small group of cases of leukoplakia in persons not using tobacco that were responsible for the excess morbidity from oral carcinoma; among tobacco users with leukoplakia the figure was considerably lower. There is no evidence the the incidence of oral carcinoma can be diminished by surgical removal of the leukoplakia but this does not mean that the operation should be abandoned, mainly for histologic diagnosis. The prevalence of other malignant tumors than oral and lip carcinoma in cases of oral leukoplakia did not differ from that of malignant tumors in the Swedish population as a whole.


Agriculture is a primary activity in India. Majority of the population in India still lives in rural areas and agriculture and its allied activities are the main source of income. However, despite of the various efforts of the government, there still lies a discrepancy between the investment made by a farmer and return received upon the investment made. Thus this study tries to explore the effect of the various factors affecting farmers' attitude towards the marketing of agriculture produce. Data has been collected from 505 respondents using a convenience sampling technique. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis have been used to explore the factors. The results of regression analysis revealed that four dimensions namely lack of infrastructure, cost, lack of transportation, and unfair practices have a positive impact on farmers' attitude towards agricultural marketing produce.


ABSTRACTThis research obtained fundamental data for the development of grape foods by investigating the preference for grape foods, popularization and commercialization plan of grape foods and obtained knowledge required in order to develop grape foods. The study used 354 consumers in Seoul and GyeongGi Province. The distribu tion of sex on research subjects was as follows. Male was 52.0% (184 persons) and femal e was 48.0% (170 persons). Age distribution varied by twenties and less than twe nties being 30.8%, thirties being 26.3%, forties being 24.6% and the fifties and over being 18.4%. According to the results, preference for grape foods of subjects was that rice w rapped in grape leaves (2.14±0.7) and sweet steamed rice(2.12±0.8) were the highest among staple food; grape vinegar(2.38±0.7) and grape taffy(2.25±0.7) were the highest among spices; grape jelly (2.53±0.6) and grape pudding(2.45±0.7) were the highest among snacks; grape juice (2.70±0.5) and grape yogurt(2.59±0.6) were the highest among beverages. Subjects responded to the fruit group among food groups harmonized with grape foods(p<0.01). 50.7% of subjects responded to "have to be delicious" and 25.1% of subjects responded to "nutritional balance" as the most important aspects of the development of grape foods. In the popularization and commercialization plan of grape foods, Subjects chose with respected importance, personal preference(4.15±0.8), price(4.05±0.8) and promotional strategy(4.00±0.9). In conclusion, the food development and revitalization pl an should use grapes to find out food materials suitable for grape mixture and nutritional balance. We


Tea economy is one of the support industries in agricultural economy of Qianbei region because of its better tea resources and growth environment.The paper analyzes the superiority,inferiority,opportunity and challenge of tea industry in Qianbei region in the light of its development situation and puts forward the countermeasures to promote tea industry development from the tea enterprise development.


The response of model membranes (Iiposomes) to microwave irradiation (9.2 GHz, energy absorption 20 mW/g, continuous 1.5-h exposure in an orthogonal waveguide) was determined spectrophotometrically by recording after irradiation the gramicidin D-induced cation permeability. The irridiation modified the gramicidin D-induced permeability to the cations K/sup +/, Na/sup +/, and Rb/sup +/ through the liposomes and seemed to facilitate the movement of Na/sup +/ and Rb/sup +/. These results are discussed in relation with the hypothesis that microwave radiation may induce changes to the structure of Iiposomes.


Background: Families involved with child welfare services often experience a range of problems in addition to maltreatment, including intimate partner violence, substance abuse, and mental health problems. Children in these families are at risk for developing a myriad of negative health, behavior, learning, and attachment problems. Although parenting education programs are among the most routine interventions for families involved with child welfare services, there is relatively little data available about these programs in this population, especially for families with co-occurring problems. Purpose: This study sought to explore the occurrence and nature of family stressors in parents involved in the child welfare system who have been referred to an intensive therapeutic parenting program, and the relationship of those stressors to change in parenting attitudes. Methods: Quantitative abstraction of parenting program files was completed (N=124) using a structured data collection instrument. Parenting attitudes were measured using the Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI-2). Analyses 33 included descriptive and bivariate statistics, and related samples t-tests to examine change in parenting attitudes. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with a sub-sample of this population (N=21). Results: File abstraction revealed that parents in this population experiencing multiple co-occurring stressors ranged from 23% (fathers with both violence and mental health) to 39% (mothers with both substance abuse and mental health). Significant improvements in parenting attitudes were found as demonstrated by pre-test to post-test improvements in all domains of the AAPI-2 for most groups of mothers and fathers, including those with violence, mental health, and substance abuse problems. Qualitative interviews indicated that parents felt that they were learning from the parenting program and were supported by the facilitators. Conclusions: Parents who experience multiple problems are unlikely to be able to parent effectively, and thus are likely to need significant support and intervention. Additional understanding of the types of issues they face and whether particular intervention programs are effective for those groups would allow more targeted, individualized interventions. Introduction In 2009, child protection agencies received an estimated 3.3 million reports of child maltreatment, and of these, an estimated 702,000 children were found to be victims of maltreatment (DHHS, 2010). Studies have indicated that in addition to maltreatment, many parents in the child welfare system also experience a range of problems such as intimate partner violence, substance abuse, and mental health problems (English, Edleson, & Herrick, 2005; Kohl, Edleson, English, & Barth, 2005; Marsh, Ryan, Choi, &


The radio frequency environment in which the SKA Phase 1 telescopes should operate is characterised at locations within the proposed spiral arm layout. The total integrated power level of the radio frequency interference at the various locations is determined.


Logistical processes facilitate the relationships between production and the movement of products. Specifically, logistical processes should address many of the aspects of production, including time, costs and quality. When a company successfully coordinates these logistical processes, the company can track the process through production, consumption, storage and disposal. A functional logistical process also relies on the proper geographical location of all assets within the organization. The current trend toward the globalization of supply chains renders many managers confused as to what globalization really means. Often, the term is little more than a battlefield of semantics, of little value to the individual tasked with managing value creation and cost reduction processes in the movement of goods. Clearly, globalization infers the cross-border movement of goods and the emergence of global competitors and opportunities across competing supply chains within an industry. Managers, however, often question the differences between a global market and a single market, in that many of the same conditions exist in both. Although this may be true, the complexities of cross-border operations are exponentially greater than in a single country, and the ability to compete in the global environment often depends on understanding the subtleties that emerge only in cross border trade—that is, in Global Supply Chain Management. The principal objectives of the article is analyse the Business Logistics Processes in the global Context. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/cbme.2017.079


The easy assimilation of information technologies has become a crucial component for the success of the typical modern business. Unfortunately, institutions of higher education have been consistently reluctant to embrace new technologies that might have served to enhance both administrative operations and academic services. If institutions are to improve, perceptions of how information technology relates to the mission of higher education must be changed. The utilization of information systems must be simplified and technological applications should be relevant to the end user's needs. In order to develop effective strategic planning, flexible processes should be developed which set priorities according to the mission of the establishment and are able to allocate resources to accomplish a variety of objectives. In order for all of these aspirations to succeed, cultural partitions that exist between institutional factions must be bridged so that universities may act as one comprehensive unit.


In order to select the best nursery stock in the winter bed method,the 2004-2006 pilot 3a,the Korean pine,red spruce,2-year-old seedling bed in the use of cold wall effect of cold significantly higher than conventional cold cover the entire bed soil Ways to reduce costs 56.7 percent,the number of trees to reduce the loss of about 94.6%;on the 3,4-year-old Korean pine,red spruce seedlings used Shoji cold wind,with cold-bed soil cover,reduce costs and 69.7 percent,the number of trees to reduce losses About 78.6 percent,and seedling production for the spring won the 3-5d favorable time.


This paper studies a structure-preserving model reduction problem for large-scale second-order dynamical systems via the framework of time-domain moment matching. The moments of a second-order system are interpreted as the solutions of second-order Sylvester equations, which leads to families of parameterized second-order reduced models that match the moments of an original second-order system at selected interpolation points. Based on this, a two-sided moment matching problem is addressed, providing a unique second-order reduced system that match two distinct sets interpolation points. Furthermore, we also construct the reduced second-order systems that matches the moments of both zero and first order derivative of the original second-order system. Finally, the Loewner framework is extended to the second-order systems, where two parameterized families of models are presented that retain the second-order structure and interpolate sets of tangential data.


The precision of methods used for the determination of hygric properties of porous building materials was investigated. The study was performed in the framework of the EU-initiated HAMSTAD-project. Six laboratories measured the selected hygric properties of three porous building materials. While the most measured properties show acceptable agreement, yet, it was found that some of the existing standards or commonly accepted measurement methods need improvement. Most striking were large variations in the results of the vapour transmission tests performed in accordance to the existing European Standard.


This work investigates the evolution of the ferroelectric (FE) performance of the sputtered aluminum scandium nitride (AlScN) thin film, which has a high remanent polarization (Pr, > 100 µC cm−2) and coercive field (Ec, > 6 MV cm−1), with the electric field cycling. The work aims at elucidating the underlying origin of the severe fatigue behavior, even with a relatively small number of endurance cycles (<105). When cycled with a low electric field, an internal field is created by charges trapped between the FE layer and the interfacial dielectric layer (non‐FE). On the other hand, fatigue is observed when cycled with a high electric field cycling. This work proposes a new method to simulate a switching current utilizing an inhomogeneous field mechanism and the appropriate circuit model to assess the thickness change of the non‐FE layer. It is concluded that the thickened non‐FE layer after the field cycling results in fatigue.