OBJECTIVE
To explore the associations of preoperative plasma levels of fibrinogen and D-dimer with clinicopathologic parameters and overall survival in colorectal cancer patients after curative resection.

METHODS
From January 2002 to December 2003, a total of 341 colorectal cancer patients underwent curative resection. And their relevant clinical data were reviewed. The median age was 58 years (range: 23 - 90 years) and the median follow-up period was 64 months (range: 5 - 89 months). The preoperative plasma levels of fibrinogen and D-dimer were examined, the correlation of clinicopathologic findings and overall survival was analyzed. A Log-rank test was used for univariate analysis and a Cox regression model for multivariate analysis.

RESULTS
The preoperative plasma levels of fibrinogen and D-dimer were (3.7 ± 0.7) g/L and (0.49 ± 0.18) mg/L respectively. Elevated plasma levels of fibrinogen were associated with advanced tumor stage (P = 0.008), venous invasion (P = 0.006), postoperative distant metastases (P < 0.01) and lymph node involvement (P = 0.001), but not with histologic grade (P = 0.232), and invasion depth (P = 0.253). The overall survival is 64.5% (220/341). Elevated plasma levels of D-dimer were associated with advanced tumor stage (P = 0.013), invasion depth (P = 0.007) and lymph node involvement (P = 0.001), but not with histologic grade (P = 0.082), venous invasion (P = 0.746) or postoperative distant metastases (P = 0.131). Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative plasma levels of fibrinogen (P = 0.029), histologic grade (P = 0.001), and lymph node involvement (P = 0.001) were independent prognostic factors.

CONCLUSIONS
High preoperative plasma levels of fibrinogen and D-dimer are associated with clinicopathologic parameters. And a high preoperative plasma level of fibrinogen is associated with distant metastases and poor prognosis after curative resection in colorectal cancer patients.


Abstract : While the Global War on Terror rages, another insidious conflict plays out not in traditional battlespace, but in the hearts and minds of the broad spectrum of modern civilization. For thousands of years people have warred over ideas, over fissures and chasms between differing ideologies, over religious and sectarian tensions, over poorly timed political statements, over art and poetry, and even over dates on calendars. Where history proves that the volatility of these issues can unite or shatter fragile unions, mutually inclusive issues that once were the only bonds between different cultures are now the last tenuous ligaments between societies torn internally by radical ideas and subversive threats. These links are the fronts in a culture war that rages daily across the entire spectrum of state-to-state and culture-to-culture relationships. In newspapers and on television around the globe, an emotionally explosive war rages: the underdog status quo of civility, mutual concern, and respect for inclusive facets of civilization versus militant extremism, subversive multiculturalism, and apathetic political agendas. The fronts of this battle lie not in the deserts of the Southwest Asia or the jungles of South America, but in global educational institutions, political and diplomatic forums, religious establishments, informational media outlets, and capitalist marketplaces. This paper will present a brief relevant history of American culture and the multicultural movement in the West, examine global influences in the culture war, and outline the Islamist and Salafist movements and their aggregate effect on the culture war played out in the United States and abroad. Finally, a presentation of possible results and prescriptions for positive outcomes will be presented in the context of the Global War on Terror from a Fourth Generation Warfare perspective.


resistant Mycobacterium abscessus infections ● Mycobacterium abscessus is a non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) that causes lung-related infections and is becoming increasingly resistant to clarithromycin, a key antibiotic for NTM treatments ● The study discovered rifaximin as a clarithromycin potentiator that can increase clarithromycin sensitivity and improve bacterial killing against Mycobacterium abscessus ● The combination of rifaximin and clarithromycin is promising to effectively treat lungrelated infections caused by NTMs


Through analyzing the causes of water quality deterioration resulted from the generation of large quantity of foam after methanol is leaked from water cooler into circulating water,the process of trace methanol in the circulating water going through a series of complicated biochemical reactions to form methylcellulose is expounded and the mechanism of trace methanol foaming in large quantities in the circulating water is revealed.It is believed that in case of foaming in the circulating water due to the leakage of methanol,non-oxidative bac - tericides should be used for sterilization while chlorine gas may not be used as a bactericide.


Human resource development of apparatus is one of idea to develop ability as a creative process 10 create a good governance. Qualification, intellegentia, and professionalism of apparatus human resource becomes the dominant factor to build good governance. The apparatus should be able to adapt with system change independently and also build the capacity institutionally. The research formulates the questions: (1) What is the mechanism of human resource development of apparatus that is designed by Tulungagung government?; (2) How to implement its policy in accordance with human resource development of its apparatus?; (3) What some supporting and disturbing factors in building Tulungagung government apparatus human resource? The research recommends the importance of formulation local regulations in relation with the local human resource development by adjusting its needs and demands of local public service.


The article is devoted to the creative connections of the famous Soviet conductor and composer A.A. Egorov with the musical culture of Chuvashia in the 1930s. The purpose of the work is to recreate the historical picture of these connections, to determine his contribution to the Chuvash art and to identify the characteristic features of the interpretation of the national song folklore. The material of the study was musical texts of works by A.A. Egorov (first of all, the author's collection «Folk Songs Arranged for Mixed Choir by A. Egorov»), as well as his theoretical and methodological work in the field of choral arrangement of folklore primary sources. Using the analytical method, the author traces the history of the appearance of choral arrangements by A.A. Egorov on the themes of Chuvash folk songs, the musical and poetic text of the most popular work «Kolkhoz uy-khire» («Kukkuk») («Kolkhoz fields» («Kukushka», «Kukuk!")) is analyzed. It is concluded that the communication of A. A. Egorov with the head of the team the Chuvash composer V. P. Vorobyov inspired him to create ten miniatures for a cappella choir. Among the Chuvash adaptations, the most popular was «Kolkhoz uy-khire» («Kukkuk») – «Collective Farm Fields» («Kukushka»). Her undoubted success in the artistic culture of the 1930s let us explain not only the folklore theme successfully chosen by the composer, the organic interaction of the found methods of arranging the folklore source with the typical features of A. Egorov's creative style as a whole, but also the masterful use of all musical and expressive resources. Together with other works by A.A. Egorov's adaptation of «Kolkhoz uy-khire», included in the golden fund of Russian choral literature, can be called a classic of the musical art of Chuvashia.


A seven-month-old European shorthair cat was presented with dyspnoea and expiratory stridor due to a severe obstructive tracheal stenosis. Surgical resection of the stenotic area and anastomosis of the remaining parts of the trachea were performed. The anaesthetic management of a patient during tracheal resection is an anaesthetic challenge. Total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol and a continuous rate infusion of fentanyl were chosen to maintain a surgical anaesthetic depth and to ensure pain control. Endotracheal extubation was necessary at a specific time during the surgical procedure. However, subsequent oral reintubation was complicated, due to patient positioning and the presence of laryngeal spasms. Reintubation was only successful by means of a modified retrograde intubation technique. Recovery was satisfactory and uneventful.


Recent refugees from Poland, Romania, Iraq, and Vietnam were extensively interviewed to assess their health, health care utilization and health service use barriers. Two hundred seventy-seven recent arrivals from these countries and sixty-three previously arrived Laotians comprised the sample. Results from a 195 item bilingual questionnaire indicated good overall health and little evidence of serious physical health symptoms. Dental health was the area of greatest reported need. Prenatal care and mental health services were additional areas of need noted by researchers. Barriers to health service utilization were primarily language related. There were major differences in both health problems and health service utilization among the four groups surveyed.


Background: In this article, we describe early clinical symptoms of "syndrome of contractures" (Mau) in newborns and children as well as its relations to the socalled idiopathic scoliosis. Data sources: Two different groups of children were analyzed. The first group consisted of 60 children. They were first examined in newborn and infancy period with hip dysplasia, torticollis or deformities of feet or others. They were examined again at the age of 5-7 years in 1996. All the 60 examined children, who were found primary symptoms of "syndrome of contractures" in histories, showed first symptoms of the so-called idiopathic scoliosis later at the age of 5-7 years. The other group in our research included 123 newborns born in the period of 1998-2000. In this group we analyzed with emphasis on the mothers' conditions during the pregnancy period, the children's conditions in infancy period, and their connection with symptoms of "syndrome of contractures". Results: "syndrome of contractures" could explain the predominance of female patients with scoliosis, sides of curves (lumbar—left convex, thoracic—right convex). What we see "left sided syndrome of contractures" mostly can explain the clinical picture of so-called idiopathic scoliosis: the side of curves—lumbar left, thoracic right, side of the rib hump (right side of thorax), progression in the acceleration period of growth, and the sensibility to new rehabilitation exercises. Conclusions: Newborns with clinical signs of "syndrome of contractures" require further spine examinations at the age of 3-6 years to detect the danger of oncoming scoliosis and to introduce rehabilitation management in the program of the "causal neo-prophylaxis".


Boxer, ship's waiter, factory-hand, beekeeper - John "Red" Doran has crowded a wealth of experience into his life. He transports readers back to 1940s Derry - the shirt factories, blacksmiths, drapers and Italian ice-cream vendors, gypsy sideshows, the Yanks and the GI brides. The book teems with characters such as Demon Barber, Tattoo Jack and Bitching Truth. "Thick as two short planks in the ways of the world", John Doran embarks on a life at sea during the final glorious days of the great liners: he voyages to South Africa and the South Seas; encounters corrupt police in Rio de Janeiro and gangfights in New York; and works for a spell in Hollywood, where he meets stars, such as Humphrey Bogart, Spencer Tracy and Lucille Ball in the famous Dino's Lodge. John Doran recalls the "togetherness and happiness" of his childhood, the "adrenalin and fire" of his boxing days through to the darkness of the troubles when he survived a murder attempt.


References 1 Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, Dellinger RP, Fein AM, Knaus WA, Schein RM, Sibbald WJ (1992) Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM consensus conference committee. Chese 101:1644-1655. 2 Finfer S, Bellomo R, Lipman J, French C, Dobb G, Myburgh J (2004) Adult-population incidence of severe sepsis in Australian and New Zealand intensive care units. Int Care Med 30:589-596. 3 Edbrooke DL, Hibbert CL, Kingsley JM, Smith S, Bright NM, Quinn JM (1999) The patient-related costs of care for sepsis patients in a United Kingdom adult general intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 27(9):1760-1767. 4 Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WT, Lidicker J, Clermont G, Carcillo J, Pinsky MR (2001) Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: Analysis of incidence, otucome, and associated costs of care. Crit Care Med 29:1303-1310. 5 Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC, Abraham E, Angus D, Cook D, Cohen J, Opal SM, Vincent JL, Ramsay G (2003) 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Crit Care Med 31:1250-1256. 6 Hastie T, Tibshirani R, Friedman JH (2001) Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Ingerence and Prediction. Springer, New York. 7 Fischer JE, Bachmann LM, Jaeschke R (2003) A readers' guide to the interpretation of diagnostic test properties: clinical example of sepsis. Int Care Med 29:1043-1051. Acknowledgments Thank you Christchurch Hospital for ongoing research collaborations. Travel funding was provided in-part by the University of Canterbury Department of Mechanical Engineering.


In order to explain the effect of surfactant in microemulsification of pesticide and evaluate the bioactivity of pesticide microemulsion,the regularity of chlorpyrifos solubilized in the mixed system of surfactants were studied and the optimized formation of chlorpyrifos microemulsion was achieved by chlorpyrifos measurements of the maximum capacity solubilized in the solvent-surfactants system and the maximum concentration dispersed in different surfactants /water microemulsion systems,the bioactivity of chlorpyrifos 300 ME was also investigated on Helicoverpa armigera by laboratory assays and field tests.The results showed the maximum capacity of chlorpyrifos solubilized in the solvent-(surfactants)(systems) and the maximum concentration of chlorpyrifos dispersed in different surfactants/water(microemulsion) systems increased with the concentration of surfactants and the ratio of surfactants /water(m/m)(increased) respectively,but had different curves.The optimized microemulsion is composed of discrete spherical oil droplets which hydromechanical radius is about 25.9 nm.For laboratory assays,the(bioactivity)of chlorpyrifos 300 ME and 400 EC has no significant difference and with LC_(50) values of(500 mg/L) and 561 mg/L respectively.For field tests of chlorpyrifos 300 ME,comparing with 400 EC at the same dosage,the control efficiency is not significant too. It indicated that it was the key to(enough) dosage of surfactant for the formation and stability of pesticide microemulsion and the(bioactivity) of pesticide was not enhanced significantly by the improvement of dispersion by microemulsification of pesticide.


A geomagnetic storm is a temporary disturbance of the Earth's magnetosphere that caused magnetic field depression. This activity is associated with solar coronal mass ejections, coronal holes, or solar flares which allows its association with ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) and its physical changes. Neural Network (NN) is a modeling technique capable in exhibiting nonlinear properties that comprises physical quantities. This study focuses on establishing an ionospheric TEC prediction model during a geomagnetic storm using feed-forward back propagation neural networks. Geomagnetic events on 18 March and 23 June 2015 with (Kp index of 8 and DST index $\lt-$200nT) over Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia were selected as the case study. Factors influencing TEC were defined and used as input parameters. TEC was modelled as a function of seasonal variation, diurnal variation and solar activity to establish a valid correlation with magnetic field depression. Model output was analyzed by comparing the predicted TEC with measured GPS-TEC and IRIOI-corr TEC model output to verify the accuracy of TEC modeling using RMSE and MAPE values. The RMSE of the NN prediction model against the measured TEC between 2 – 12 TECU in comparison with the IRIOI-corr TEC model between 7-25 TECU. Whereas the MAPE represents 10% – 54% for NN prediction against 23% - 57% for IRIOI-corr TEC model. Hence, NN method showed a higher performance and better estimates of the TEC compared to the IRIOI-corr. This study concludes that both NN and IROI-corr models are unable to predict accurate ionospheric TEC during major geomagnetic storms. However, the prediction accuracy improved in the recovery phase (post-storm).


The invention provides a method for dispatching I/O of an asymmetry virtual machine based on multi-core dynamic partitioning, which comprises the following steps: when a system is started, firstly an I/O dispatching initialization module completes the configuration of dispatching parameters and the allocation of a buffer zone; subsequently, when the system runs, an I/O status monitoring and information processing module dynamically collects and processes the runtime parameters of driving Domain and customer Domain, carries out statistics on parameters such as types, time and frequency of happened I/O event, and then sends the statistics result to a dispatching decision module for judgment; and the dispatching decision module makes dispatching decision according to preset conditions, and gives out commands to a multi-core dynamic partitioning module to execute the operation of multi-core dynamic partitioning or recovering, thus changing the core partitioning mode and dispatching status of a processor of the system and leading the using mode of processor resources and the dispatching switching strategy of Domain to better adapt to I/O load requirements of the current system, and achieving the purpose of optimizing I/O performance.


The frequent demonstration of bronchiectasis by bronchographic studies in cases of unresolved pneumonia 1 has led to this study of 40 patients with bronchiectasis admitted to the station hospital, Fort Eustis, Va., from April 20, 1942 to July 20, 1943. 2 It is the purpose of this paper not only to show the importance of bronchography in cases of unresolved pneumonia but also to demonstrate that in numerous cases pneumonitis secondary to bronchiectasis is misdiagnosed as primary atypical pneumonia. Atypical, or virus, pneumonia has become a disease of paramount importance in increasing the noneffective rate of military personnel during the past few years. 3 It has been noted at this hospital, both by physical and by roentgen examination, that in the average case atypical pneumonia resolves in about ten days, although the course may be prolonged for several months without any special complications. However, in some cases a condition which on


The tense thin-film torsion bar of polycrystalline (poly-) Si has been recently introduced into a micromirror. A tensile stress is obtained by the crystallization of amorphous Si. The poly-Si has almost the same coefficient of thermal expansion as that of Si substrate. An electrical connection is obtained with doping without the use of metal overlayer. The thin-film torsion bar of poly-Si is fabricated with a revised process so as to protect against the crystalline Si etching. Considering the earlier advantages and techniques, the stabilized temperature characteristics and the low-voltage driving are simultaneously realized.


The traffic flow operation at bottleneck sections on freeway mainlines is usually deteriorated by heavy traffic load,resulting in an increase in travel time and a decrease in traffic efficiency. By analyzing the space-time characteristics of the traffic flow at bottleneck sections on freeway mainlines,the cell transmission model was expanded to describe the traffic flow in the bottleneck area under variable speed limit( VSL) control. On this basis,a VSL control model for bottleneck region was established,and stair-like strategies were proposed to prevent the long queue from interrupting the vehicles operation at upstream on- and off-ramps. The proposed methods were tested through a case study,and the results demonstrate that the proposed stair-like strategies for VSLs can effectively reduce the travel time and decrease the average delay. Compared with no control and the strategy of using mainline control on single sections,the proposed strategies can reduce the average delay by about13. 78% and 1. 60%,respectively.


Adult T cell leukemia was classified into two distinct types, monomorphic and pleomorphic, according to their histological and cytological features. The former type is composed of uniform neoplastic cells with round or slightly indented nuclei without any marked deformation. The latter type, on the other hand, occupies a unique position in lymphocytic leukemias with the following characteristics: a) onset in adulthood, b) an acute and subacute course, c) well‐differentiated T cell origin of the neoplastic cells, d) pleomor‐phism of the neoplstic cells with markedly deformed nuclei, e) difkuse proliferation of the neoplastic cells without nodular pattern, f) histologically heterogeneous features of lymph nodes frequently admixing a cluster of normal lymphocytes, proliferation of macrophages and dendritic cells, and well‐developed high endothelium venules, g) high incidence of skin lesions due to the infiltration of neoplastic cells, and h) exclusively limited localization of patients' birth places.


This paper uses the abrupt changes in health insurance coverage at age 65 arising from the Medicare program eligibility rules to evaluate the impact of insurance status on treatment intensity and health outcomes. Drawing from several million hospital discharge records for the State of California, the authors begin by identifying a subset of patients who are admitted through the emergency room for non-deferrable conditions-diagnoses with the same daily admission rates on weekends and weekdays. Among this subset of patients there is no discernable rise in the number of admissions at age 65, suggesting that the severity of illness is similar for patients who are just under 65 and those who are just over 65. The fraction of patients in this group who lack health insurance, however, falls sharply at age 65, while the proportion with Medicare as their primary insurer rises. Tracking health-related outcomes of the group, they find significant increases in treatment intensity at the age 65 barrier, including increases in the number of procedures performed, and total list charges. They also find a rise in the probability that patients are transferred to other units within the same hospital, coupled with a reduction in the probability of discharge to home. Finally, they estimate a drop in the rate of re-admission within one month of the initial discharge.


ALBANY, July 15—There's real "team spirt" among state employees. For proof, Just ask Joseph RototJdaro, a clerk in the State Department of Taxation and Finance. Tough luck is Mr. Rotondaro's middle name. On May 24th, he broke his jaw in two places while playing shortstop on the Tax Department team in an official state softball league game. When the accident happened, he had only been working for the .*tat8 for a few weeks and had no vacation or sick leave on which to draw. The result was he lost nearly five week's salary. Then, although he was playing ball in the official state department league, the league has no accident protection policy. And he reports: " I was told I wasn't eligible for workmen's compensation benefits since I wasn't actually working at the time." On top of everything, he has received hospital and doctor's bills so far totaling about $1,000 and he expects the final sum to be "much higher." He has a small family-type health insurance policy, but he reports this will cover "only about $200 of my expenses." The state's new health and hospitalization program for state workers can't help. I t won't go into effect until this fall. But here Is where the "team spirit" comes in. His fellow state workers have started a Rotondaro Fund and the collections are going to be turned over to Joe to help him meet his heavy medical expenses. That's the way the state employees "play ball" in the state softball league.


Abstract The extract from Celastrus hindsii (C. hindsii), a plant that naturally grows in the forests of several provinces of Vietnam, has been traditionally used as an alternative medicine for the treatment of inflammation because of its anticancer and antitumor properties. This study reported the green synthesis of stable gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) derived from HAuCl4 using the extract of C. hindsii as reducing and capping agents. Their particle size could be controlled by adjusting the ratio of the extract to HAuCl4 solution used (1.25%, 2.5%, 3.75%, 5.0%, and 6.25%). The optimal ratio of the extract was 3.75% (Au-NPs-3.75%). The X-ray powder diffraction analysis demonstrated that the Au-NPs was successfully synthesized. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy result indicated the possible presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids (acting as reducing agents and potential natural antioxidants). Transmission electron microscopy images showed that the particle diameter of Au-NPs-3.75% varied between 13 and 53 nm (average: ∼30 nm) in its spherical shape. The biosynthesized Au-NPs-3.75% exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells, and the inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 12.5 µg/mL at 48 h. Therefore, Au-NPs that were synthesized from environmentally friendly method without the presence of potentially toxic chemicals were highly possible in biomedical applications. Graphical abstract Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles from the Celastrus hindsii extract and its application for anticancer activity.


This article uses the concepts of risk and resiliency to frame our understanding of how having a learning disability affects nonacademic outcomes such as emotional adjustment, family functioning, adolescent problems of school dropout, substance abuse and juvenile delinquency, and adult adaptation. The presence of a learning disability is viewed as a risk factor that, in and of itself, does not predict positive or negative outcomes. Rather, other risk and protective factors, as highlighted in the literature, interact with the presence of a learning disability to facilitate or impede adjustment. These risk and protective factors may be internal characteristics of the individual or external characteristics of the family, school and community environments. Implications for the development of proactive interventions and areas for future research are discussed.


The fundamental importance of the role of human B cells in host defense against infectious diseases has been established by the discovery of inborn errors of immunity that disrupt B cell development, differentiation, or function. These findings have laid the groundwork for understanding mechanisms of disease and revealing pathways to improve humoral immunity and treat disease.


When a container of fluid of arbitrary shape is heated from below and the temperature gradient exceeds a critical value ([Rscr ]c2) the conduction solution with no motion becomes unstable and is replaced by convection. The convection may have two forms: one with 'upflow' at the centre of the container and one with 'downflow' there. Here we study the stability of the two forms of convection. Both forms are here shown to be stable to infinitesimal disturbances. When the viscosity varies with the temperature or the conduction profile is not linear, etc., the steady convection can be driven with finite amplitudes |ε| at subcritical values of the temperature contrast ([Rscr ]2 < [Rscr ]c2). This subcritical convection is stable when the convection is strong (|ε| > |ε*| > 0) but is unstable when the convection is feeble (|ε| > |ε*|). Hence, when |ε| > |ε*| and [Rscr ]2 < [Rscr ]c2 either 'upflow' or 'downflow', but not both, is stable. When [Rscr ]2 > [Rscr ]c2, however, both the 'upflow' and the 'downflow' can be stable. This contrasts with the corresponding situation which is known to hold when the container is an unbounded layer. In the layer there is only one stable form of convection. The difference between the bounded domain with two forms of convection and the layer with just one stable form is traced to the mathematical property of simplicity of [Rscr ]c2 when viewed as an eigenvalue of the linear stability problem for the conduction solution. It is argued that [Rscr ]c2 is a simple eigenvalue in most domains, but in the layer [Rscr ]c2 can have infinite multiplicity. The explanation of the transition from the bounded domain to the unbounded layer is sought (1) in the chaotic conditions which frequently prevail at the edges of a 'bounded' layer and (2) in the fact that in the layer of large horizontal extent, the higher eigenvalues crowd [Rscr ]c2. In the course of the explanation, a new exact solution of the linear Bénard problem in a cylinder with a rigid side wall and a stress-free top and bottom is derived.


One of the remarkable phenomena in power systems is the appearance of Distributed Generation (DGs). DGs may reduce the number and/or duration of interruptions for customer residing within their protection zones. DGs also can improve losses and voltage profile of system. In this paper a composition of Genetic algorithm (GA) and Analysis Hierarchical Process (AHP) are presented. The proposed algorithm uses GA algorithm for optimal placement and capacity of DGs and reclosers in the network. In the next stage, by using of AHP method, the optimal number of reclosers and DGs are determined based on economic and power quality considerations. This method was carried out on a modified 33 feeders IEEE distribution network. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Background. With the recent funding changes in health care services, more seniors with dementia are cared for in their homes and the nature of their condition puts them at higher risk for accidents and injuries. Purpose. The Safety Assessment Scale (SAS) was developed for use by community healthcare providers to evaluate and lower the risk of accidents, provide recommendations to family caregivers and enhance case management. Method. The scale was assessed in terms of the reliability as well as content, criterion and construct validity with 176 community-residing people with dementia in Quebec, Alberta and British Columbia. The Safety Assessment Scale was validated in French and English. Results. The SAS demonstrated an excellent test-retest (ICC=.91) and inter-rater (ICC=.88) reliability. Results for validity were also extremely good. Practice Implications. The scale is available in French and English. The short version of the SAS is a screening tool and the longer version provides an in-depth evaluation of safety and intervention planning. The SAS can be used by a variety of health care professionals who work with individuals who have dementia.


In order to develop novel three directional isolators,a large number of tests of the stainless steel metallic-pseudo-rubber(MPR) material were carried out.The mechanical properties of stainless steel MPR specimens with various nominal densities were tested.Static and dynamic compression and shear loads were applied on the specimens.During the tests,the influence of several important factors such as nominal density,strain amplitude,cyclic loading number and loading frequency on the mechanical behavior of MPR are studied.The experimental results indicate that MPR has good deformation capacity under either compression or shear loading.The restorable strain limit is 40% under compression loading,while it is 80% under shear loading.With the increase of nominal density,the MPR has larger energy dissipation capability.Frequency and cyclic number of applied loading have little influence on properties of the MPR in the case of compression and shear tests.The secant modulus of specimens under compression loading is larger than that under shear loading but the damping ratio is opposite.


According to the interpretation of the general urban design for Zhuanghe of Dalian,the paper points out the technical method and the design strategies in large-size cities,undertakes the complete and systematic design control and guidance from the macroscopic view,the medium view and the microscopic view,and provides the direction for the control in next stage and the compilation for the urban design.


A laboratory facility for the study of soil erosion is described. Rainfall from a modular system supplied raindrops at near terminal velocity to prepared soil beds set in a flume with slope adjustable up to 30%. A comparison was made of erosion under overland flow alone and storm rains of the same intensity (discharge), but different energy levels. Raindrop impact in runoff flow was a powerful agency in promoting soil transport and inhibiting rill formation. Bed-load movement was important in the transport of sand grains, even where the runoff was disturbed by raindrops. Additional Index Words: artificial rainfall, sheet erosion, rills. View complete article To view this complete article, insert Disc 4 then click button8


Review(s) of: Insect lives: Stories of mystery and romance from a hidden world, by Erich Hoyt and fed Schultz (Eds.) (1999), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 360 pp.


Partial Directed Coherence (PDC) method and its extensions proved to be useful tools in analysing couplings in multivariate dynamic systems. We introduced the normalised short time PDC method (NST-PDC), to investigate the dynamic behaviour of couplings. First simulated signals obtained from coupled oscillators were analysed and information about the dynamical behaviour of the virtual system achieved. Then, as a first preliminary test applying the NST-PDC method, we observed significant (p<0.05) coupling dynamics differences in pregnant woman with hypertensive disorders, by comparing patients with preeclampsia and chronic hypertension. The NST-PDC is applicable for nonstationary time series, detects dynamical changes of coupling and might be usable for the analysis of time dependent cardiovascular couplings.


Malnutrition is very common in patients on hemodialysis. Assessing the malnutrition status of haemodialysis patients is important for treatment and better health of the patients. Anthropometric measurements, both parts of anthropometry are used to assess the nutritional status.


The nowadays tendencies regarding the process of making microprocessors presume architectures that, in the nearby future, it would be possible, to work on a frequency located between the range 5-10 GHz. In this context, it is imperious to know the behaving of the plastic materials that build the microchip in the microwave frequency range, as well as the behaving of the polymeric capsule of the electrical capacitors from the electric circuits. The aim of this contribution is to demonstrate throughout high-level experimental analysis how the main electric parameters of plastic materials, which build the microchip capsule and the one of electric capacitors, depend on the frequencies on which they work from the microwave range.


The brain is a major target site in acute cyanide intoxication, as indicated by several symptoms and signs. Cyanide inhibits the enzyme cytochrome oxidase. This inhibition causes impaired oxygen ut ...


We have created a general methodology for calculating the wavelength-dependent light curves of close-in extrasolar giant planets (EGPs) as they traverse their orbits. Focusing on the transiting EGPs HD 189733b, TrES-1, and HD 209458b, we calculate planet/star flux ratios during secondary eclipse and compare them with the Spitzer data points obtained so far in the mid-infrared. We introduce a simple parameterization for the redistribution of heat to the planet's night side, derive constraints on this parameter (Pn), and provide a general set of predictions for planet/star contrast ratios as a function of wavelength, model, and phase. Moreover, we calculate average dayside and nightside atmospheric temperature/pressure profiles for each transiting planet/Pn pair with which existing and anticipated Spitzer data can be used to probe the atmospheric thermal structure of severely irradiated EGPs. We find that the baseline models do a good job of fitting the current secondary eclipse data set, but that the Spitzer error bars are not yet small enough to discriminate cleanly among all the various possibilities.


ABSTRACT Uncertainty is often approached as an undesired condition that needs to be confronted and mitigated. This is particularly the case at the intersection of two key governance domains, mobility and security, where state actors concern themselves with minimalizing risk and uncertainty by streamlining the safe movement of people, goods and capital. But can uncertainty, in some cases, be also a condition desired by state security actors? This article proposes that uncertainty can be employed as a mode of governance, in which it is deliberately crafted in order to pursue controversial policies which differentiate and discriminate between different population groups. Using ethnographic data collected in 11 months of fieldwork at checkpoints in and around Jerusalem Jerusalem, I examine the role of (un)certainty in facilitating the mobility of some residents, while severely limiting the movement of others. I then proceed to analyse three distinct dimensions of (un)certainty as a mode of governance at the checkpoints: the opaque and interchangeable roles of public and private security actors; the parallel existence of unimpeded and streamlined mobility to designated populations; and the spatiotemporal movement of borders and their significance. I propose that uncertainty can be strategically employed and adjusted by means of irregular operation, managerial obfuscation, lack of accountability and contradictory or oft-altered directives, and regulatory framework by public and private security actors. I continue to explore how such a strategy can lead to a differentiall (re)distribution of rights, resources and privileges between different citizens and residents.


-Growth and reproductive data from a single population of Kinosternon hirtipes in Chihuahua, Mexico are reported. Males grow faster and are larger than females by age five or younger. Females mature in six to eight years at 95-100 mm carapace length. Ovulation occurs from at least early May to late September. Given the lengthy reproductive season, evidence from multiple sets of corpora lutea and enlarged ovarian follicles suggests an annual production of four clutches. Egg width and mass correlate positively with body length and mass, and negatively with clutch size when the effects of carapace length are removed. Clutch size based on corpora lutea averages three eggs (range 1-6). Clutch size correlates positively with body length and mass. Relative clutch mass (clutch mass/body mass minus clutch mass) averages 7.1% and is independent of body size. Comparisions are made with other kinosternine turtles. . , i i iles


We report exploratory Chandra observations of the ultraluminous quasar SDSS J010013.02+280225.8 at redshift 6.30. The quasar is clearly detected by Chandra with a possible component of extended emission. The rest-frame 2–10 keV luminosity is 9.0 − 4.5 + 9.1 × 1045 erg s−1 with an inferred photon index of Γ = 3.03 − 0.70 + 0.78 . This quasar is X-ray bright, with an inferred X-ray-to-optical flux ratio α ox = − 1.22 − 0.05 + 0.07 , higher than the values found in other quasars of comparable ultraviolet luminosity. The properties inferred from this exploratory observation indicate that this ultraluminous quasar might be growing with super-Eddington accretion and probably viewed with a small inclination angle. Deep X-ray observations will help to probe the plausible extended emission and better constrain the spectral features for this ultraluminous quasar.


Currently, a large gap exists between the number of open software engineering positions and the number of qualified software engineers to fill those positions. The Industry/University (I/U) subgroup of the Working Group on Software Engineering Education and Training (WGSEET) is investigating active collaborations between companies and universities in which non-software professionals and practitioners without formal software education are reeducated to become software engineers. This paper describes the current status of work performed by the I/U subgroup in the investigation of reeducation collaborations. It is our goal to identify the common characteristics of successful collaborations in order to provide guidance to universities and companies when constructing a collaborative program, as well as to promote future collaborations. In this paper, we report on the current activity of the I/U subgroup, describe the features of successful collaborations identified so far in our research, and provide some conclusions as to the usefulness of such collaborations.


AT the Fifth International Ophthalmological Congress, held in New York in I876, I read a paper on the above subject, and stated the following conclusions, as those which seemed to me to be deduced from my cases: " I. Ametropia seems to be the condition of nmost eyes affected with blepharitis ciliaris. 2. When the blepharitis is associated with errors of refraction, the cure of the edge of the lids is very much facilitated by, and sometimes depends upon, correction of the amietropia. 3. Paralysis of the accommlnodation by the use of atropia will usually, with no other treatnment, very much relieve the blepharitis that is associated with amiietropia. 4. Patients suffering from blepharitis that is associated with ametropia will ofteni ignore any other affection of the eyes than that of the edge of the lids, and deny that they suffer fromii asthenopia or conjunctivitis, comlplaining only of the discomfort and disfigurement produced by the disease; and this when the error of refraction is so marked that we would naturally expect quite serious consequences from its noncorrection. 5. The form of blepharitis to whichnmy statistics refer is not a mere irritation of the edge of the lids, such as often accompanies a catarrhal conjunctivitis, but a true hyper-secretion of the tarsal glands and hairfollicles, with the formiiation of crusts, and sometimes the development of ulceration. 6. Hyperrretropia is the error of refraction mi1ost frequently associated with blepharitis ciliaris, I have here restated them, because one writer * has not, I think, kept them sufficiently in view in his paper intended as an answer to mine, on the relation of amietropia to blepharitis ciliaris. Since reading my own paper I have continued my investigations in this and a cognate subject, and I now beg the indulgence of the Society for a


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RSA key generation is of great concern forimplementation of RSA cryptosystem on embedded systemdue to its long processing latency. In this paper, a novelarchitecture is presented to provide high processing speedto RSA key generation for embedded platform with limitedprocessing capacity. In order to exploit more data levelparallelism, Residue Number System (RNS) is introducedto accelerate RSA key pair generation, in which theseindependent elements can be processed simultaneously. Acipher processor based on Transport Triggered Architecture(TTA) is proposed to realized the parallelism at thearchitecture level. In the meantime, division is avoided inthe proposed architecture, which reduces the expense ofhardware implementation remarkably. The proposed designis implemented by Verilog HDL and synthesized in a 0.18mCMOS process. A rate of 3 pairs per second can be achievedfor 1024-bit RSA key generation at the frequency of 100MHz.


Religion deals with the sacred sphere through ritual or non-ritual cults. Many of the world conflicts have religious undertones. Notwithstanding the negative impact of religion on society, it plays an essential role in promoting peace and preventing and resolving conflicts. Unlike the situation in some West African countries typically Nigeria where religious extremism has been on the rise, Christians and Muslims in Ghana, in spite of extreme provocations have continuously avoided conflicts and have been living together peacefully for years. The Christian-Muslim relationship in Ghana is an interesting case for research. The qualitative research methodology was used to gather data for analysis. The interviewees included two Catholic priests, Muslim clerics, security personnel, and teachers each from Christian and Islamic Senior High Schools. In all, a total of ten interviews were conducted. The interviews were conducted over the phone. It is undeniable from the research that Christians and Muslims in Ghana can live side by side without conflict. They coexist peacefully because the Ghanaian society and social climate are inherently tolerant and welcoming, government policies and legislation on religious freedom have been progressive, the objectivity of the communication media in fostering and maintaining religious tolerance, the co-mingling of religious studies with basic education, and the leadership provided by the leaders of these two faiths have helped to shape a promising future for their members. Though there exists an interfaith dialogue between Christianity and Islam, it is critical for their leaders to sustain the religious discourse and tolerance and peace in the country.

Keywords: Christianity, Islam, togetherness, relationship


A series of tunable blue–green–yellow emitting Ba4Gd3Na3(PO4)6F2:Ce3+/Tb3+/Mn2+ phosphors have been synthesized by a traditional solid state reaction. The PL and PLE properties of Ba4Gd3Na3(PO4)6F2:Ce3+/Tb3+/Mn2+ have been investigated. Ba4Gd3Na3(PO4)6F2:Ce3+,Tb3+ exhibits two dominating bands situated at 356 nm and 547 nm, which originate from the allowed 5d–4f transition of the Ce3+ ions and the 5D4 → 7FJ (J = 6, 5, 4, 3, 2) transition of Tb3+ ions, respectively. The Mn2+ ions substitute Ba2+ and emit orange light centered at 571 nm. The dominating energy transfer processes from Ce3+ to Tb3+ and Mn2+ in the Ba4Gd3Na3(PO4)6F2 host were investigated and have been demonstrated to be the resonant type via a dipole–quadrupole interaction mechanism. The critical distances of Ce3+ and Tb3+, and Ce3+ and Mn2+ are 9.97–13.29 A and 7.67 A, respectively. The blue, green, and yellow colors can be tuned by the ratio of Ce3+/Tb3+/Mn2+, indicating that the phosphor may potentially be used as a tunable blue–green–yellow emitting phosphor for UV light-emitting diodes.


Let p be an odd prime.The number of positive integral points in the elliptic curve E:y2=2px(x2-1) is discussed using the properties of quartic Diophantine equations.It is proven that,when p=3,E has only three positive integral points(x,y)=(2,6),(3,12) and(49,840);if p=7,E has only one positive integral point(x,y)=(8,84);if p≡1(mod 8) or p≡3(mod 8) and p3,E has at most one positive integral point(x,y);excepting above mentioned cases,E has no positive integral point.


This paper presents a noncertainty equivalent adaptive motion control scheme for robot manipulators in the absence of link velocity measurements. A new output feedback adaptation algorithm, based on the attractive manifold design approach, is developed. A proportional-integral adaptation is selected for the adaptive parameter estimator to strengthen the passivity of the system. In order to relieve velocity measurements, an observer is designed to estimate the velocities. The controller guarantees semiglobal asymptotic motion tracking and velocity estimation, as well as L∞ and L2 bounded parameter estimation error. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified by simulations for a two-link robot manipulator and a four-bar linkage. The results are further compared with the earlier certainty-equivalent adaptive partial and full state feedback controller to highlight potential closed-loop performance improvements. Graphical Abstract


Theoretical luminosity functions at various evolutionary ages for stars and substellar objects (brown dwarfs), spanning the mass range from 0.03 to 0.2 solar mass is computed. These functions constrain the distribution of very low mass objects in a star cluster of known age. Calculations with a 1988-1989 survey of faint members of the Hyades cluster by Leggett and Hawkins (1988, 1989), a cluster whose age is 6 x 10 to the 8th yr are compared. The comparison shows that the survey does not reach sufficiently low luminosities to reveal brown dwarfs. A strong constraint on the initial mass function (IMF) for very low mass stars in the Hyades is obtained and it is inferred that its IMF does not increase with decreasing mass for the mass interval investigated here. Results imply at most a moderate contribution from brown dwarfs to the cluster mass, and to the Galaxy's mass if the Hyades are representative of the Galaxy as a whole. 10 refs.


The effects of the secondary deexcitation on isotopic distributions, commonly used as an observable to extract information on the symmetry energy, hints at the necessity of reconstructing primary fragments from measured quantities. Preliminary results of data measured in the 4π detector INDRA and the VAMOS spectrometer presented here open up the possibility of planning a program on charged particle spectroscopy of exotic nuclei.


Processes of lake shrinkage as a result of the action of natural and anthropogenic factors in recent decades have been considerably accelerated. On the other hand, lake capacities may have increased as a consequence of damming. These changes are typically analyzed in relation to changes in lake area, while horizontal and vertical components are excluded. The aim of this study was to assess changes in morphometry in several lakes in central western Poland and to determine changes in water resources in selected lakes as a result of changes in their morphometry. These changes were analyzed based on archival data concerning the area and capacity of lake basins, collected from studies prepared by the Institute of Inland Fisheries in the early 1960s and current bathymetric studies. These investigations showed that within approx. 50 years a considerable decrease was recorded in the area of the analyzed group of lakes, amounting to 14.8% (i.e., 172.6 ha). As a result of changes in the area and shallowing of lakes, the water resources stored in lakes decreased by a total of 7.7%, which amounts to 3.6 million m3. Referring to the factors determining the above-mentioned transformations, it was found that both climatic and anthropogenic conditions were disadvantageous. While in the study period no trends were observed for changes in precipitation, a significant increase in temperature was found, thus contributing to increased evaporation. This situation was compounded by human activity connected with land reclamation operations or agricultural activity.


The Brascamp-Lieb inequalities are a generalization of the H\"older, Loomis-Whitney, Young, and Finner inequalities that have found many applications in harmonic analysis and elsewhere. In this paper we introduce an"adjoint"version of these inequalities, which can be viewed as an $L^p$ version of the entropy Brascamp-Lieb inequalities of Carlen and Cordero-Erausquin. As applications, we reprove a log-convexity property of the Gowers uniformity norms, and establish some reverse $L^p$ inequalities for various tomographic transforms. We conclude with some open questions.


India is facing problems of enormous magnitude in its efforts to achieve a major breakthrough in economic and social spheres. The country has gone through planned development for over fifteen years, but the accomplishments are still far short of requirements. The reasons are many and varied. Some of the reasons are hard to anticipate, like failure of monsoon rains and drought, while others, such as lack of attention to the planning and development of rural roads, could have been eliminated by greater insights into the economic and social development processes of a predominantly rural society. Rural transportation in India is a major problem and has thus left deep impact in the form of backwardness and poverty of the masses. This paper focuses on the transportation development in India with regard to rural roads and presents a critical evaluation of the twenty-year Road Development Plan, which has been used as a guideline for road development work.


This paper summarizes the findings of a pilot study to determine whether the type of drywall joint compound will influence the shear strength of wood-frame stud walls sheathed with drywall. In this study, five 8 ft x 8 ft specimens were tested under in-plane cyclic racking loading following CUREE loading protocol for light-frame wall systems. Three specimens were finished using non-cement based joint compound and the other two using cement based joint compound. Based on the limited number of specimens tested, the results show that the use of cement based joint compound on drywall joints as in the specimens tested will result in higher wall shear capacity compared to similar specimens finished with conventional non-cement based joint compound. The failure modes for the specimens finished with the two different types of compound were different. The result of the study is particularly important for high seismic regions where interior stud walls in residential construction effectively take part in seismic resistance even though wood shear walls are normally used on exterior walls.


Working in a school is daunting. It is also vitally important, so much so that ALIA's Futures Report described it as the most important job of the library and information sector. With that in mind, James McGoran asks how do you successfully engage with students in a meaningful way - students who sometimes seem beyond engagement?


Author offers the new and distinctly revolutionary method of levitation in artificial magnetic field. It is shown that a very big space station and small satellites may be suspended over the Earth's surface and used as motionless radio-TV translators, telecommunication boosters, absolute geographic position locators, personal and mass entertainment and as planet-observation platforms. Presented here is the theory of big AB artificial magnetic field and levitation in it is generally developed. Computation of three macro-projects: space station at altitude 100 km, TV-communication antenna at height 500 m, and multi-path magnetic highway.
Key words: levitation, AB Levitrons, motionless space satellite.


Lattice models are successfully used in modelling of fracture of brittle materials. To date, most of the lattice multi‐dimensional (2D and 3D) models known to the authors describe either in‐plane or three‐dimensional mechanics of the materials. Only a few lattice models are available in the literature for the description of the out‐of‐plane mechanics of plates. However, the parameters of those lattice models have not been linked to those of the classical plate models, such as Mindlin‐Reissner plate theory, based on the classical continuum theory. Nor has the dynamic behaviour of the out‐of‐plane lattice models been compared to that of the classical plates. This gap is closed in this paper by means of developing a lattice model that reproduces the out‐of‐plane dynamics of a shear‐deformable plate in the low frequency band. The developed model can be applied in various fields of engineering. In this paper, however, it is discussed taking example of an ice sheet. The linear dynamics of the model is focused upon in this paper in order to show its consistency with a continuum plate theory in the low frequency band and underline the differences emerging at higher frequencies. The developed model is composed of masses and springs whose morphology and properties were derived to match the out‐of‐plane deformations of thick plates as described by the Mindlin‐Reissner theory. Bending, shear and torsion are taken into account. The eigenfrequencies and the steady‐state response of the model to a sinusoidal in time point load are computed and compared to those of a corresponding continuum plate. It is proven that the developed lattice predicts the same dynamic behaviour as the corresponding continuum plate at relatively low frequencies. At higher frequencies deviations occur. These are discussed in this paper in terms of the dispersion, anisotropy and specific boundary effects of the lattice model.


A novel circularly polarized open-end circular waveguide antenna is studied. A pair of metal blocks is added to the circular waveguide cavity to generate circular polarization. The dimension of the metal blocks is adjusted for achieving good axial ratio characteristics of the new antenna. The frequency band is about 27.7% when s11 is less than -15dB. The axial ratio is better than 3dB over 19.3% frequency band.


Planning for targets selection and striking is an important part during the military decision process. In this paper, as to optimize the striking process against the military target system, in which there are relationships between different targets and each target having the capability to recover from the damage, the structure and the recovering mechanism of the target system is modeled. In order to generate a multi-phase striking planning which can destroy the target system efficiently, the Markov Decision Process based planning method is proposed, and a heuristic is calculated to reduce the search space of the problem. Efficiency of the model is showed by a case, which shows that commander can raise their decision efficiency by this method.


The unique geographical position and historical environment has bestowed Datong with a special cultural atmosphere,making Datong closely connected with Buddhism.Datong,once the center of Buddhism in the north of China,many cultural relicts related to Buddhism are still preserved here.The development of Buddhism in Datong had a profound impact on the history and civilization in this area,and contributed to the social harmony and spiritual civilization construction.


The article discusses teaching problems appear in the application of MATLAB software in automatic control technology teaching in high vocational colleges,and introduces the main content of the automatic control technology in electrical automation.Through comparison and analysis of the results of simulation and simulation experiment,not only makes students find errors existing in the simulation experiment,but also exercises the students' ability to analyze and solve problems,and to enhance the students' interest in learning,to improve the teaching quality,and to enhance the teaching effect.


The Oneota and Shakopee Formations of the Lower Ordovician Prairie du Chien Group compose the Sauk C 1 and C 2 second-order sequences, or supersequences, which are recognized in both outcrop and the subsurface. These second-order sequences are bounded by type 1 sequence boundaries, the regional CambrianOrdovician, mid-Lower Ordovician, and Lower to Middle Ordovician (SaukTippecanoe) unconformities. Karst development and patchy silicification beneath all three sequence boundaries indicate regional subaerial exposure of the outcrop area during unconformity development. In outcrop the Lower Ordovician Prairie du Chien Group consists of four depositional sequences corresponding to the Stockton Hill and Hager City Members of the Oneota Formation and New Richmond and Willow River Members of the Shakopee Formation. These four depositional sequences correspond to the Sauk C 1.1, C 1.2, C 2.2, and C 2.3 third-order sequences, each pair of which is separated by a type 2 sequence boundary. Sequences within the Prairie du Chien Group can be subdivided into systems tracts typically composed of one or two laterally continuous minor lithofacies. Individual systems tracts are composed of meter-scale, shoaling-upward parasequences, but parasequence sets have not yet been identified within Prairie du Chien strata. SP306-03.QXD 6/27/96 12:25 AM Page 23


Objective: This paper means to make comparison research on fingerprint chromatogram of raw and concocted Pinellia ternate by HPLC, and find out the change of Pinellia ternate's main chemical ingredients according to the change of fingerprint chromatogram's main peaks after concocted. Methods: Raw and concocted Pinellia ternate were extracted by 75% ethanol(containing 1% hydrochloric acidmuriatic acid), then treated under the following conditions: DiamonsilTMC18(150×4.6mm, 5um) column, the gradient elution mode with acetonitrile and 0.1% Phosphoric acid for 50 minutes, and detection wavelength of 217 nm. With the arginine served as the control article, comparison analysis was carried on the fingerprint chromatogram of raw and concocted Pinellia ternate. Results:The RSD of precision and reprodudbility were less than 3?o, which conforms to the related regulation, and the main peaks of Pinellia ternate's fingerprint chromatogram vary after concocted. Conclusions: This method is accurate and repeatable. It provides a sdentific basis for controlling the quality of Pinellia ternate.After concocted with alum and ginger, in the extracting solution of 75% ethanol (contain 1% hydrochloric addmuriatic add), the content of arginine in Pinellia ternate are less than that of raw Pinellia ternate. Moreover, the change of the main peak of the fingerprint chromatogram suggests the change of the main component of Pinellia ternate after concocted.


Since 2020, the world is facing a pandemic. In order to cope with the epidemic, the acceleration of the diagnosis process is important for treatment. However, in order to minimize contact with other patients, test centers should also be kept separate from public health centers. In this study, a multi facility location problem is addressed for mobile pandemic test labs to serve people in certain regions in Turkey. Experts in the health sector are asked to make decisions in this process. Considering the uncertainties in human nature, cylindrical neutrosophic fuzzy numbers are used for expert evaluations. According to the views of decision makers, weights are calculated to alternative locations by a fuzzy MCDM procedure. The cylindrical neutrosophic fuzzy heuristic algorithm is proposed for the assignment of mobile pandemic test labs serving the regions to alternative locations. The results are intended to guide future studies.


When it first started Crack offered payments on a sliding scale giving more money to women who chose tubal ligations and men who chose vasectomies than to those who chose long-term birth control like intrauterine devices Norplant or Depo-Provera. But the criticism was so harsh that the group changed its policy and began offering a flat payment of $200. Women submit such documents as an arrest report or doctors letter to prove they use drugs. They have the procedure done usually paid for with government assistance and then they send Crack written proof. (excerpt)


Domestic and foreign investment is considered one of the most significant factors of commercial activity in current actuality, due to the great role, it plays in the level of monetary and sociable growth in the governments that attract investment, and because it is a major channel through which capital and scientific and technical expertise flow. This idea includes giving the local or foreign investor legal guarantees against any of the commercial and non-commercial risks to which his investment project is exposed. Therefore, the research deals with these guarantees and legislative and judicial benefits for the local and foreign investor, their implications, method of reporting, and their types, in addition to knowing the legal guarantees for the conservation of the intellectual and industrial effects and how to determine these guarantees from the amended Iraqi Investment Law No. 13 of 2006. Through this research, several results have been reached, most notably: The Iraqi investor and the foreign investor enjoy many guarantees and benefits approved by the Iraqi Investment Law. In addition to encouraging the Iraqi and foreign private sector to invest in Iraq by providing the necessary facilities for establishing investment projects and enhancing the competitiveness of projects covered by the provisions of this law. The Iraqi investment law has set real and serious guarantees for the investor, in the belief of the legislature in the importance of investment and its role in the monetary expansion of the country. We believe that it is a law that meets the requirements of investment, but that it needs to be reviewed in some of its parts. With regard to intellectual property, the legislator has set guarantees and benefits for intellectual property, it has become an urgent necessity in the dawning of the technical, industrial, and commercial products that the world is building, and the emergence of many global and restricted associations and agreements that have embraced intelligent property security greatly.


The foundation for the historical exploration of childhood and children, and for paying attention to historical research in the area, centers on the recognition that conditions for children can and do change, often quite substantially. Historical research can highlight how children in various past periods differed from each other, and from their contemporary counterparts, and it can seek to explain why key changes have occurred. Applied explicitly to the most contemporary historical period, historical research can also explore more specifically how present conditions and features of childhood have emerged, for some truly fundamental shifts in children's roles and expectations are quite recent. This chapter discusses the purposes and challenges in researching the history of childhood, and summarizes major periods of change, with attention to major regional patterns and comparisons, but also to developments at a more global level. Analysis of change includes explicit discussion of the new conditions generated by the industrial revolution and more recently still by globalization itself.

Keywords:

agricultural societies;
birth rates;
child;
childhood;
child labor;
children;
discipline;
family;
industrial societies;
death rates/mortality;
globalization


It is proposed to use data from the burst and transient source experiment (BATSE) onboard the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) as a sensitive, rapid, all sky monitor for the International Gamma Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL). The all sky earth occultation monitoring and imaging capabilities of BATSE will complement and extend the Galactic plane scans of INTEGRAL as well as provide high latitude Galactic coverage which is inaccessible to INTEGRAL. Examples of transients previously observed by BATSE, its sensitivity, and the response time for these observations are described. Examples of the variability of several of the brighter sources observed by BATSE are shown.


In the PASCO microwave optics assembling experiments,the reason that microwave large angle reflection violates the reflection law is analyzed,and minimal incident angle is gotten.The reflection angle is calculated for the large incident angle and the largest light intensity of reflection wave.


Abstract In this work, we investigate the effect of different treatment process on stem Phoenix fibres. Underwent different surface modification methods such as alkali treatment with concentration of 10%, epoxy treatment, and combine both of procedures preceded. The treated fibres reinforcement was used in self compacting mortar (SCM) with a length of 20 ± 2 mm and different proportions (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3%) by mortar volume. Flowability of fresh modified self compacting mortar is carried out using two main techniques, including flow table experiments and mini V-funnel flow test. Mechanical performance is derived from bending and compression testing at different curing times. Results show a positive effect of fibre treatment on the rheological and mechanical performances of self compacting mortars. Results show also that optimal formulations need to use fibres treated with (10% NaOH + epoxy resin) by an amount of 3%. These formulations reveal superior mechanical performance compared to all tested mixes after 28 curing days, by 20% in compressive strength and 40% of tensile strength.


Sir.—Recordings from the tympanic membrane appear superior to those obtained from most other sites commonly used for measuring body temperature.1-7Infrared determinations of temperature have been shown to be fast and accurate1,2and have been used to monitor localized increases in temperature from a variety of causes and sites.1We used a commercially available device that measures tympanic membrane temperature (FirstTEMP, Intelligent Medical Systems Inc, Carlsbad, Calif) to explore the effect of otitis media on that temperature. We assumed that patients with unilateral otitis media would display a difference in ear temperature measurements that reflected the magnitude of the local effect of the otitis, ie, that the normal ear would reflect the core temperature and the infected ear would reflect the local increase because of the infection. Patients and Methods.—Unilateral otitis media was defined as an acute illness with a normal ear opposite


The article deals with the linguistic analysis of German antiproverbs made to find out the effects of heterogeneity and hybridity which appeared as a result of adaptation of the German paremiological system to the modern German lingvocultural socium. The detailed analysis of the most frequent cases when the proverbs are used creatively in the headlines and texts of newspaper articles is presented. Cognitive and pragmatic mechanisms of the transformed proverbs functioning in publicistic discourse are also revealed.


The paper proposes a method to reuse IEEE 802.11n LDPC codes onto an iris recognition system based on an embedded device. LDPC codes are provided with the capability of alleviating variability and noise for the purpose of the enhancement of the system. All iris images come from CASIA-IrisV4 database for the validation of the proposed system, which is improved by LDPC codes with proven experimental results.


Studying macromolecules and living cells dynamics in situ significantly contribute to the understanding of various biological processes in living organisms. The biopolymer actin is one of the major building blocks of the cytoskeleton and is further crucial for numerous biological processes. Numerous mechanical responses of the cell including deformation and movement are based on physical properties of cytoskeletal networks, which are influenced by chemical gradients and modulate cytoskeletal functionality. In order to analyze the formation and properties of actin networks in concentration gradients, we developed multi-height microfluidic devices with diffusion-controlled microchambers. This unique approach enables for creating flow-free, steady state concentration gradients of different profiles, such as linear or step-like.
Specific features of actin networks emerging in defined gradients are investigated. In particular, we analyzed the effects of spatial conditions on network properties, bending rigidities of network links, and the network elasticity.
Furthermore, we study the actin filaments as a model system for semiflexible polymers in microfluidic flow. Filamentous actin facing hydrodynamic forces undergo conformational transitions and analyzing their behavior provides a better understanding of non-Newtonian fluids in microchannels and in living organisms. We introduce a microfluidic device with wide and narrow channel segments, resulting in flow fields of spatially varying flow strength. These structured microchannels with alternating high- and low-velocity segments generate non-equilibrium and non-stationary alternating stretch-coil and coil-stretch transitions of fluorescently labeled actin filaments. We study the conformational transitions of filaments with different contour lengths and at different flow velocities. When the filament enters the wider section of the channel they coil under compression, whereas they are starching with a suppression of thermal fluctuations in the extensional regime during reentering the narrow part of the channel. Actin filaments exposed to hydrodynamic forces in structured microchannels with high- and low-velocity segments were characterized by center of mass velocity changes, the evolution of end-to-end distances and bending energies of the filament passing through the channel.
Another biopolymer being essential for all known forms of life is DNA. We study the reversible process of DNA packing and unpacking, which is crucial for cell functioning. In eukaryotic cells, the DNA is wrapped around histone proteins, creating repeatable subunits called nucleosomes, which are then further folded into the chromosomes. For the experiments, histones were replaced by a positively charged, nearly spherical and biocompatible polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers of generation 6 (G6). In analogy to the histone, PAMAM G6 forms complexes with the DNA through sequence-independent, electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged nucleic acid and the protonated, positively charged dendrimer. We analyze the DNA / PAMAM G6 complex organization at different pH of the solution. Moreover, we study DNA decondensation, which is essential for processes such as transcription, replication and repair. DNA unwrapping was initiated by the DNA / PAMAM G6 complex interaction with heparin, which is highly negatively charged and serves as the competitive agent for DNA. First, DNA compaction and decompaction measurements were performed in glass capillaries using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), where we successfully analyzed structural changes of the DNA / PAMAM G6 complexes. Furthermore, specially developed microfluidic devices allow the measurement of the reaction dynamics of these processes. Using X-ray compatible, hydrodynamic focusing microfluidic devices with chevron/herringbone structures, we analyzed the real-time dynamics of DNA release from artificial gene carriers at different heparin concentrations.
In this thesis, studies of live cell X-ray imaging are also discussed. Visualization of nanoscale features in living cells is very desirable for investigations of intracellular structures. We use X-ray ptychography to directly explore the dynamics of unstained living fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells during meiosis in a natural, aqueous environment. X-ray imaging techniques allow us to investigate soft matter of several micrometers thickness in hydrated states without labeling at nanoscale resolution. We show that it is possible to make a sequence of X-ray images of living cells, which was not feasible so far and additionally, visualize the dynamic changes. Cells were alive even after several ptychographic X-ray scans and we obtained a sequence of X-ray images of individual living fission yeast, which allowed us to visualize and examine the meiotic nuclear oscillations and autophagic cell death subsequently induced by the ionizing radiation. Furthermore, the accumulated radiation after each scan allowed for a precise determination of the critical X-ray doses of autophagic vacuole formation and the lethal dose for fission yeast. This method enables looking at living biological samples and processes in a time-resolved label-free setting.


This work describes the synthesis and application of a novel magnetic metal–organic framework (MOF) [(Fe3O4-dipyridylamine)/MIL-101(Fe)] to preconcentrate trace amounts of Cd(II), Pb(II), Co(II), a...


The pulmonary lobes are the five distinct anatomic divisions of the human lungs. The physical boundaries between the lobes are called the lobar fissures. Detection of lobar fissure positions in pulmonary X-ray CT images is of increasing interest for the early detection of pathologies, and also for the regional functional analysis of the lungs. We have developed a two-step automatic method for the accurate segmentation of the three pulmonary fissures. In the first step, an approximation of the actual fissure locations is made using a 3-D watershed transform on the distance map of the segmented vasculature. Information from the anatomically labeled human airway tree is used to guide the watershed segmentation. These approximate fissure boundaries are then used to define the region of interest (ROI) for a more exact 3-D graph search to locate the fissures. Within the ROI the fissures are enhanced by computing a ridgeness measure, and this is used as the cost function for the graph search. The fissures are detected as the optimal surface within the graph defined by the cost function, which is computed by transforming the problem to the problem of finding a minimum s-t cut on a derived graph. The accuracy of the lobar borders is assessed by comparing the automatic results to manually traced lobe segments. The mean distance error between manually traced and computer detected left oblique, right oblique and right horizontal fissures is 2.3 ± 0.8 mm, 2.3 ± 0.7 mm and 1.0 ± 0.1 mm, respectively.


Objective: Haemophilus parasuis were used as vaccine strains.Inactivated vaccine was prevented Glasser's disease.Method: Haemophilus parasuis to cause Glasser's disease,isolated from pig farm for reproduction of the Jiyuan of Hennan,were made of propolis inactivated vaccine by 0.4% comentration of form aldehyde.It contained 20 billion germs perm 1.Result: If it was injected sow before parturition and piglets,it can prevent 98 percent of the same type strain from infecting.Conclusion: The inactivated vaccine was safe and was a good immunogenicity.It could protect piglets against Glasser's disease effectively.


Abstract: Background and Study Aims: Effect of peginterferon and ribavirin treatment on chronic hepatitis C virus infection has been early established. However, predictors of treatment success need more elucidation. The present study is directed to estimate the importance of rapid virological response, and other host and viral factors in naïve Egyptian patients treated with 48 weeks of pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Background and Study Aims: Effect of peginterferon and ribavirin treatment on chronic hepatitis C virus infection has been early established. However, predictors of treatment success need more elucidation. The present study is directed to estimate the importance of rapid virological response, and other host and viral factors in naïve Egyptian patients treated with 48 weeks of pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Patients and Methods: A total of 111 naïve Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 were randomly assigned to a treatment regimen consisting of either peginterferon-alpha-2a (180 μg/week) or peginterferon-alpha-2b (1.5 μg/Kg/week) plus oral ribavirin (10.6 mg/Kg/day). This treatment was given for 48 weeks with a 24-week follow-up. The endpoint was sustained virological response. Results: Overall, sustained virological response was achieved by 85 (70.2%) patients, while 26 (21.5%) patients relapsed. Rapid virological response occurred in 95 patients where 77 (84.6%) of them attained SVR and 14 (15.4%) of them relapsed (P<0.001). Concerning host and viral factors, age, gender and pretreatment viral load, they all did not influence the outcome of therapy. On the other hand, higher liver fibrosis stage according to Metavir score (F3) significantly modified the sustained virological response compared to stage F1 with an Odds ratio 5.9 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-31.0) and compared to F2 with an Odds ratio 7.2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-40.9). Conclusion: Rapid virological response is an independent factor that influences the sustained virological response. Besides, low pretreatment fibrosis stage is a predictor of sustained virological response.


: Staged tree models are a discrete generalization of Bayesian networks. We show that these form curved exponential families and derive their natural parameters, sufficient statistic, and cumulant-generating func- tion as functions of their graphical representation. We give necessary and sufficient graphical criteria for classifying regular subfamilies and discuss implications for model selection.


The distillation method for determining ethanol in thimerosal tincture N.F. is time consuming and involves special handling to prevent interference of the acetone in the preparation. A shorter method is described based on the extraction of the ethanol into carbon tetrachloride and the measurement of the infrared absorption at 11.37 μ. The relative freedom from the interference by other alcohols and acetone assures greater specificity than the distillation method. The acetone present in tincture thimerosal N.F. can also be determined using the same extracted solution by reading the absorption of the carbonyl band at 5.86 μ.


This article presents a selective review of recent developments in research on hypnotic pain reduction. A profusion of well-controlled studies of hypnotic analgesia in children suggests that hypnosis ranks among the more effective psychological tools for managing the distress experienced by youngsters undergoing invasive medical procedures. This literature also draws attention to the importance of matching interventions to natural pain coping strategies. Virtual reality hypnosis shows much promise as a treatment and may offer hope to people who might otherwise be unable to experience hypnotic analgesia. Response expectancies appear to be a key psychological mechanism of hypnotic pain reduction. Neuroimaging studies point to activity in the midcingulate cortex as a possible biological mechanism of hypnotic analgesia. More generally, based upon the findings of a sound empirical literature, important meta-analytic and qualitative reviews have concluded that hypnosis is effective for reducing both experimental and clinical pain. Indeed, the study of hypnotic pain reduction is vigorous, innovative, and may well have entered a golden era of research. Copyright © 2008 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The objectives of this research are (1) as a reference for the Ogan Komering Ulu Regency Government and interested parties in conducting studies on public political participation; (2) become data and information for the Regional Government and particularly the Research, Development and Statistics Agency in providing recommendations to related parties to increase public political participation. The designs used in this research are quantitative and qualitative. Respondents in this study are individuals who have the right to vote in accordance with the provisions in force. Respondents were taken in a limited purposive manner. The data analysis technique used in this research is interactive model analysis. The results showed that from the four aspects that have been stated above, it was found that the aspects of political awareness in three different districts showed the same score, namely the Good category. On the other hand, the socialization aspect by the KPUD in the three sub-districts is in the Enough / Moderate category, the percentage generated is in the same range.This study also found a peculiarity in the situation aspect where in the Lubuk Batang sub-district, both the percentage and the mean value were similarly low compared to the higher East Baturaja and Peninajian districts. On the other hand, in terms of the change in the election system, the Penininjau sub-district scored lower than the other two sub-districts. It can be assumed that the dissemination of information regarding changes in the election system could have been influenced by distance / location factors.


Several kinds of lithium batteries have been developed for powering implantable bioengineering devices. These batteries which use lithium as anode include [1] lithium iodine polyvinylpyridine, lithium silver chromate, lithium cupric sulfide [2], lithium thionyl chloride, lithium CFx, lithium silver vanadium oxide, lithium MnO2 and lithium ion batteries which are used in different implantable bioengineering devices. Lithium iodine polyvinylpyridine (PVP), lithium silver chromate (Li/SC) and lithium cupric sulfide (Li/CS) batteries are mainly used in heart pacemakers which needs power in microwatt range. Figure 1 shows discharge curve of a lithium iodine polyvinylpyridine battery under a 100 kohm load at 37C. Lithium thionyl chloride (Li/TC) batteries are mainly used in implantable devices which consume higher power in milliwatt range such as drug pumps and neurostimulators. These batteries are also used in advanced pacemakers capable of doing other therapies like multisite pacing. Figure 2 shows discharge of a lithium thionyl chloride battery under a 49.9 kohm load at 37C. Lithium CFx batteries are used in implantable devices like previously mentioned advanced pacemakers. These devices need a higher current in micro ampere range compared to lithium iodine batteries. Lithium silver vanadium oxide (SVO) batteries are used in implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICD) which provide a high energy shock directly to the heart to stop fibrillation. Lithium MnO2 batteries are also used in implantable cardiac defibrillators. Lithium MnO2 batteries with high output currents in the 13 amperes range have already been produced. Lithium ion batteries are used in implantable devices, like left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) and total artificial heart (TAH), which need high power and therefore cannot deploy primary lithium batteries. The power requirements of these devices are too high to be satisfied by rechargeable implantable batteries. For example the battery should be capable of cycling at high rates for several years in the range of 0.5 to 3 A of current with an average current of 1 A and working voltage of 20 to 30 V. Therefore external lithium ion batteries are the main source of energy in these devices. The power is transferred to the device by telemetry. However a tiny implantable battery pack is also used in some of these devices to provide backup energy in case of failure of external battery. These batteries are capable of providing power of the device for about one hour per day independently. Moreover lithium ion batteries are used in implantable hearing assist devices like implantable cochlear stimulation devices. The batteries which are used in implantable hearing assist devices are small coin type cells and can be implanted with the device and recharged through the skin. Besides some neurostimulators may need lithium ion batteries to get enough longevity in a device which is of acceptable size for implantation. More recently efforts have been made to charge the batteries implanted with pacemakers using wireless near-infrared power transmission.


Routing protocols in Delay-Tolerant Networks DTNs often need nodes serving as relays to carry and forward the messages. Because of the energy constraint, each node cannot forward too many times. Moreover, the maximal forwarding times may be heterogeneous for different nodes. In addition, nodes can form many communities according to certain social relations, and nodes in the same community can be seen as friends. Because of the selfish nature, one node may use its limited forwarding times to help its friends. This paper proposes a theoretical framework to evaluate the performance of the Epidemic Routing ER algorithm in DTNs in such complex environment for the first time. Simulations based on both synthetic and real motion traces show the accuracy of our framework. Numerical results show that ER algorithm is very robust to the forwarding times. Moreover, the impact of the selfish nature is related with many factors e.g., number of nodes, number of communities, etc..


This paper shows the state of a research about cultural heritage whose main purpose is to allow the user to move virtually to any place of cultural or architectonic interest that, either for economic or accessibility reasons, is very difficult or impossible to visit.


The invention, in one embodiment, provides a device for positioning and orienting the femoral cutting block. The present invention also provides a device for setting the rotation of the sagittal cut in the knee unicondylar replacement. The present invention further provides a method of setting the rotation of the tibial implant by kinetics measurements.


Background and aim Motorcycle accidents are one of the leading causes of road traffic injuries and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the common patterns of major injuries associated with motorcycle accidents in patients attending Mansoura University Emergency Hospital in Egypt, and to measure the magnitude of the problem in our community. Patients and methods Patients involved in motorcycle crashes who were admitted to the hospital during August 2014 to April 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. All age groups and both genders were included. Results Two hundred patients (181 males) with a mean age of 30.7 ± 10.5 years were included with the majority of patients aged 20–40 years. Head injuries were the most frequent fatal injuries (9/61) patients; orthopedic injuries were the most common injuries, occurring in 78.5% of victims. Multisystem injuries occurred in 28% of patients. None of the motorcyclists involved in accidents wore helmets. Conclusion Motorcycle accidents are a common cause of road traffic injuries and mortalities in Egypt, occurring mainly in males aged 20–40 years. The majority of victims had an isolated trauma to single body system. Orthopedic injuries were the most common and least fatal type of injuries. The highest fatalities were among patients with chest injuries then patients with head injuries. None of the victims wore protective clothing or helmets at the time of accident.


Newspaper clipping discussing the 40th anniversary marking the assassination of former President John F. Kennedy, and how many are still affected from the aftermath. The newspaper clipping also includes a story written by Carolyn Barta, titled Assassination compelled city to change for the better.


SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged in late 2020 and there are at least three variants of concern (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P1) reported by WHO. These variants have several substitutions in the Spike protein that affect receptor binding; they present increased transmissibility and may be associated with reduced vaccine effectiveness. In the present work, we are reporting the identification of a potential variant of interest harboring the mutations T478K, P681H, and T732A in the Spike protein, within the newly named lineage B.1.1.519, which rapidly outcompeted the preexisting variants in Mexico and has been the dominant virus in the country during the first trimester of 2021.


Contrary to the perception of many researchers that the recent invasion of chikungunya (CHIK) in the Western Hemisphere marked the first episode in history, a recent publication reminded them that CHIK had prevailed in the West Indies and southern regions of the United States from 1827–1828 under the guise of "dengue" (DEN), and that many old outbreaks of so-called "dengue" actually represented the CHIK cases erroneously identified as "dengue." In hindsight, this confusion was unavoidable, given that the syndromes of the two diseases—transmitted by the same mosquito vector in urban areas—are very similar, and that specific laboratory-based diagnostic techniques for these diseases did not exist prior to 1940. While past reviewers reclassified problematic "dengue" outbreaks as CHIK, primarily based on manifestation of arthralgia as a marker of CHIK, they neither identified the root cause of the alleged misdiagnosis nor did they elaborate on the negative consequences derived from it. This article presents a reconstructed history of the genesis of the clinical definition of dengue by emphasizing problems with the definition, subsequent confusion with CHIK, and the ways in which physicians dealt with the variation in dengue-like ("dengue") syndromes. Then, the article identifies in those records several factors complicating reclassification, based on current practice and standards. These factors include terms used for characterizing joint problems, style of documenting outbreak data, frequency of manifestation of arthralgia, possible involvement of more than one agent, and occurrence of the principal vector. The analysis of those factors reveals that while some of the old "dengue" outbreaks, including the 1827–1828 outbreaks in the Americas, are compatible with CHIK, similar reclassification of other "dengue" outbreaks to CHIK is difficult because of a combination of the absence of pathognomonic syndrome in these diseases and conflicting background information.


The development of artificial intelligence technology, which has caught more public attention, is of great significance in determining future talent training and career prospects. Given the current situation, the paper analyzes the deficiencies in legal education in the context of artificial intelligence, and probes into the framework of talent training, trying to propose and explain development approaches of law education in response to artificial intelligence.


This paper proposes a generative probabilistic model integrating emergent communication and multi-agent reinforcement learning. The agents plan their actions by probabilistic inference, called control as inference, and communicate using messages that are latent variables and estimated based on the planned actions. Through these messages, each agent can send information about its actions and know information about the actions of another agent. Therefore, the agents change their actions according to the estimated messages to achieve cooperative tasks. This inference of messages can be considered as communication, and this procedure can be formulated by the Metropolis-Hasting naming game. Through experiments in the grid world environment, we show that the proposed PGM can infer meaningful messages to achieve the cooperative task.


A socially optimal structure of application and renewal fees for patents would encourage the maximal number of applications while reducing effective patent length. We find, however, that when patent offices are required to be self-funding, resource constraints can distort this fee structure. Specifically, a financially constrained, but welfare-oriented, patent office will tend to raise initial application fees while lowering renewal fees. This creates two detriments to social welfare as it discourages the filing of some patents while extending the effective life of others.


A temporal network is a mathematical way of precisely representing a time-varying relationship among a group of agents. It is an interesting problem to identify different groups of them, which reveal certain communicating patterns. To study this problem, in this paper, we introduce the notion of (Δ, γ)-cliques of a temporal network, where every pair of vertices present in the clique communicates at least γ times in each Δ period within a given time duration. We present an algorithm for enumerating all such maximal cliques present in the network. We also implement the proposed algorithm with three human contact network datasets. Based on the obtained results, we analyze the data set on multiple values of Δ and γ, which helps in finding out the contact groups with different frequencies.


With a pace of time clustering algorithms are stunningly utilized in spatial databases for classification. Now a day's databases are of different class and variable in length, therefore, some basic essential parameters are needed for a cluster algorithm for example efficiency must be a pinnacle for a larger database, finding of clusters with an unpredictable shape for larger database and must have the knowledge of input parameters so that cluster can be formed. Now a day's data clustering is so much vital data mining innovation which plays supreme par in diverse scientific exercise. But real problem is that with the time size of data set increasing exponentially and to process huge data set one of the tedious tasks. Clustering technology in data mining is well defined whose main focus is to provide orthodox, manifest shape with help of different data set which is collected for the desired goal. An adroit clustering technique must be systematic and able to recognize clusters of erratic shapes. In our research work, there is a comparative analysis executed between DBSCAN and Ad-DBSCAN where six data sets considered of different quantity of 3-D nature. In base paper 1-D data set considered and after analysis between the base and proposed technique, in proposed technique accuracy is up to 99.99% and process for forming a cluster is very less as compared to base technique. There are different DBSCAN algorithms which can be implemented to execute diverse function so that the formation of the cluster would be dynamic. In this research, article summarization shows that formation of cluster executed fastly and with accuracy almost 100%.


The utility model discloses an anti-expansion and anti-contraction packing barrel cover which is simple in structure, convenient to clean and maintain, safe and reliable. The anti-expansion and anti-contraction packing barrel cover is used for filling liquid. The anti-expansion and anti-contraction packing barrel cover comprises a barrel cover body. The barrel cover body is provided with a concave platform. Two holes are formed in the concave platform. The two holes are respectively and fixedly connected with a first breather pipe and a second breather pipe, wherein the first breather pipe opens upwards, and a venthole is formed on one side of the lower portion of the first breather pipe. A thermoplasticity elastic tube is sleeved outside the venthole. The thermoplasticity elastic tube of the first breather pipe is placed inside the barrel cover body. The second breather pipe opens downwards. A venthole is formed on the upper portion of the second breather pipe. A thermoplasticity elastic tube is sleeved outside the venthole, and the end of the thermoplasticity elastic tube of the second breather pipe is placed on the outer portion of the barrel cover body.