High-speed video cameras are used to capture video images of phenomena not visible to the human eye and replay them in slow motion so that the phenomena can be visualized. Viewing images of high-speed phenomena recorded at a high temporal resolution allows the user to obtain very detailed information. Therefore, high-speed cameras are used as a general-purpose analytical tool in a wide array of applications. With increasing technological development in recent years, users need to record faster phenomena in more detail than before. Therefore, there has been a demand for ultra-fast recording capabilities that far exceed previous recording speeds. In 2005, Shimadzu released the HPV-1 high-speed video camera based on CCD technology, featuring a high-speed IS-CCD (image storage CCD) image sensor capable of capturing 1 million frames per second (fps). And now, in response to users that require an even faster video camera, we have co-developed a high-speed FTCMOSTM (frame transfer CMOS) image sensor (in joint research with a research group headed by Professor Shigetoshi Sugawa of the Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University) that is based on a CMOS image sensor. Through this research, we have developed the HPV-X high-speed video camera, capable of recording images at 10 million frames per second, which is ten times faster than previous models. The HPV-X allows the user to visualize a wide variety of ultra-high speed phenomena that were not previously visible. For example, it is expected to promote development of high-performance composite materials, elucidation of high-speed physical phenomena, development of aerospace technology, and development of technology that employs printed electronics to create resource saving circuits. This paper describes the HyperVisionTM HPV-X high-speed video camera. 2. High-Speed Video Cameras


Programmed cell death (PCD) pathways are genetically programmed mechanisms that can trigger the cell to die or commit "cell suicide". There are three major forms of pro‐ grammed cell death that are now recognized: apoptosis (type I), autophagy (type II) and necrotic cell death or necroptosis (type III). While these cell death processes were once thought to occupy discrete cell states, evidence suggests that apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis are often regulated by similar pathways and share initiator and effector mole‐ cules and some subcellular compartments indicating that crosstalk exists between these three main forms of cell death pathways, resulting in a balanced interplay by which the cell decides its fate. PCD pathways have important roles in many cellular processes such as development and oncogenic transformation, but PCD pathways also play important roles in host defense and elimination of pathogens. Toxoplasma gondii is a microbial patho‐ gen for which programmed cell death pathways are a key part of the host defense. T. gon‐ dii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that infects approximately one-third of the world's population. In most immunocompetant individuals, the chronic infection is asymptomatic due to an effective immune response that eliminates active parasite repli‐ cation. The parasite has evolved immune evasion strategies that enable it to survive and persist long enough in the host however to establish a chronic infection in which the cyst stage persists within neurons in the brain and skeletal muscle in the periphery. T. gondii has evolved multiple mechanisms to resist killing by apoptotic, autophagic and necrotic cell death pathways, and the parasite's manipulation of host PCD pathways plays a cru‐ cial role in host–parasite interactions and maintenance of the chronic infection. While most individuals chronically infected with T. gondii are asymptomatic, severe disease can occur in immunocompromised individuals where the infection reactivates from the brain causing severe necrotizing encephalitis, and increasing evidence indicates chronic cere‐ bral toxoplasmosis in some individuals may lead to neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and suicidal behavior. This review will focus on the role of PCD pathways in host defense of T. gondii and the parasite manipulation of these PCD pathways. A bet‐ © 2015 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ter understanding of the molecular components underlying the PCD pathways and the parasite manipulation of these pathways may yield new therapeutic targets for treatment of clinical sequelae of cerebral toxoplasmosis.


Continuous external gamma radiation throughout life at the rate of 0.062 rad/day failed to induce leukemia in A/Jax mice, but did in 55% of RAP mice. Sixty percent were lymphatic, 23% myelogenous, and 17% of other types of leukemia. In RAP mice there was no significant shift in frequency of leukemia in each of five successive generations. The experimental mice were compared with mice irradiated from an internal radiation source and also controls. The incidence of leukemia in control mice was 7%. The high incidence of leukemia in this irradiated population cannot be explained, but the probability is strong that the population evolved from highly leukemia-susceptible mice.


ABSTRACT In the present study, athletes from an elite female volleyball team (N = 12) experienced an intervention programme, based on the provision of information from match analyses, throughout a single season. The information provided related to individual and team competitive performances, as well as the performances of opposition teams. Our aim was to assess the study athletes' perceptions of this intervention once the season had ended. We used a semi-structured interview method and a thematic analysis of interview content using the categorisation and coding procedures. Regarding the match analysis related to the study team, 95.65% of the comments made by the players were positive and only 4.34% was negative. Players indicated it was useful to understand the negative aspects of their game in order to correct them, and positive aspects in order to motivate weekly training. All of the comments regarding match analyses of opposition teams were positive, with one highlight being that this helped players to be informed about the oppositions' game and to be more prepared for upcoming matches.


This study was carried out to evaluate the inclusion of restorative yeast ( Saccharomyces spp ), dried by spray-dry process, replacing soybean meal crude protein in diets for growing rabbits. Fifty 39-to-70-day-old New Zealand White rabbits, 25 males and 25 females, were individually kept in wire cages during the experiment. The diets were formulated to attend the requeriments for growing rabbits: soybean meal crude protein was gradually replaced by five levels of restorative yeast crude protein (5%, 10%, 15%, 17% and 20%). The animals were alloted in a completely randomized design with five treatments and ten replicates. There was a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) of the inclusion levels of restorative yeast on the live weight of 70-day-old rabbits and on daily weight gain. The worst results were observed at the inclusion of 13.4% of the restorative yeast. The remaining development characteristics studied were not influenced by the yest inclusion replacing soybean meal crude protein. Acording to the results, it is feasible to include 20% of restorative yeast (Saccharomyces spp), dried by spray-dry process, in diets for growing rabbits replacing all soybean meal crude protein.


Objective
To evaluate the systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricular regional myocardium in patients with anterior descending lesion by real-time three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (RT3D-STI) and investigate the value of RT3D-STI in the diagnosis of anterior descending stenosis.

Methods
According to coronary angiography, 112 patients were divided into four groups: normal group (20 coronary artery branches without stenosis), mild stenosis group (30 coronary artery branches with stenosis 75%). Transthoracic acquisition of conventional 2D and full-volume real-time three-dimensional image, the routine parameters and the globle longitudinal strain (GLS), globle radial strain (GRS), globle circumferential strain (GCS) and globle area strain (GAS) at the end of the anterior descending blood supply area and corresponding strain of 1/3 of pre-diastolic period were obtained to calcute L-SI-DI, R-SI-DI, C-SI-DI, and A-SI-DI. The diagnostic value of each parameter to the stenosis degree of the anterior descending branch was analyzed.

Results
Compared among the anterior descending group without stenosis group, mild stenosis group, moderate stenosis group and severe stenosis group, there were no significant differences in conventional ultrasonic parameters such as LVEDV, LVESV, LVEF, E, A, E/A and E/e (all P>0.05). There was no significant difference in GLS, GRS, GCS and GAS between mild stenosis group and no stenosis group (all P>0.05), but the difference in L-SI-DI, R-SI-DI, C-SI-DI and A-SI-DI were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The ROC curve showed that the sensitivity and specificity of the middle anterior segment L-SI-DI were the highest, with 90.0% and 81.5%.

Conclusions
RT3D-STI can quantitative evaluate myocardial function changes in patients with anterior descending lesion, the anterior septal L-SI-DI can reflect the stenosis degree of the anterior descending branch to a certain extent, it has important guiding significance for clinical diagnosis of the stenosis degree of the anterior descending branch.

Key words:
Echocardiography, real-time three-dimensional; Coronary stenosis; Ventricular function, left; Speckle tracking imaging; Left descending artery


The establishment of commercial housing pre-sale assurance system in Taiwan is based on the performance of architecture manager system. This paper, taking the system as the object, analyzes its origin and development and describes its functions. Focusing on the shortcomings of commercial housing pre-sale system in China Mainland, the references of the architecture manager system to the improvement of the pre-sale system in China Mainland are discussed, pointing out the necessity and practical difficulties of the introduction of the architecture manager system of Taiwan to China Mainland.


A visual information mining concept is proposed for spatio-temporal patterns discovery in remotely sensed image time-series (ITS). An information theory framework is adopted to first model information content. It results in the inference of a relevant directed graph characterizing ITS. Then the user conjecture is modeled via visual information representations: similarity measures between sub-graphs, which represents spatio-temporal events are derived and included in an interactive learning and probabilistic retrieval procedure of user-specific event-types. The present concept for ITS mining is demonstrated on multitemporal SPOT data.


During pregnancy renal changes and pathological conditions of renal origin sometimes develop, among which toxaemia of pregnancy is the most frequent. But other serious disturbances of renal function occur, which may suddenly complicate an apparently normal pregnancy. In the early stage the chief cause of renal failure is abortion, often criminal. In these cases an infectious, toxic or haemolytic factor is usually also involved ( A n t h o n e et al., rg60; Ramsay, 1964; S m i t h et al., 1965). Renal failure occurring during the late stage of pregnancy is usually due to abruptio placentae ante tempus, atonic uterine haemorrhage or toxaemia of pregnancy (Bull et al., 1955; Merr i l l , 1965; A t l a s and G a b e r m a n , 1958; K n a p p and B o n s n e s , 1960; A l w a l l , 1963, and S m i t h e t al., 1965). This paper deals with the primary cause, the clinical course and the outcome in a series of patients with acute renal complications of pregnancy, hospitalized at the Renal Ward during the years 1961-1965.


We present a class of knots associated with labelled generic immersions of intervals into the plane and compute their Gordian numbers and 4-dimensional invariants. At least 10 % of the knots in Rolfsen's table belong to th is class of knots. We call them track knots. They are contained in the class of quas ipositive knots. In this connection, we classify quasipositive knots and strongly q uasipositive knots up to ten crossings.


Heparin and heparan sulfate are important glycosaminoglycans that can regulate the activities of many vital proteins, especially the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. Because FGF7 (KGF) has an important role in tissue repair and maintaining the integrity of the mucosal barrier, recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor (rhKGF, palifermin) has been approved for the treatment of wound healing and oral cavity. Due to heparin plays an important role in the KGF signaling pathway, a more detailed study of the drug–drug interactions (DDIs) between rhKGF and heparin at the atomic level and investigating their synergistic effect on each other in terms of biology, especially in silico, is necessary for a better understanding of DDIs. In this study, DDIs between rhKGF and low‐molecular weight heparin types (LMWH) were investigated. In this regard, scrutiny of the influence of the synergistic heparin types on the structure and biostability of rhKGF is accomplished using computational methods such as molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations (MDs). Subsequently, the motion behavior of rhKGF in interaction with LMWHs was evaluated based on eigenvectors by using principal component analysis (PCA). Also, the binding free energies of rhKGF‐LMWH complexes were calculated by the molecular mechanics/Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MM‐BPSA) method. The result showed that rhKGF‐idraparinux (−6.9 kcal/mol) and rhKGF‐heparin (−6.0 kcal/mol) complexes had significant binding affinity as well as they had a more stable binding to rhKGF than to other LMWH during 100 ns simulation. However, in order to confirm the curative effect of these drugs, clinical trials must be done.


A process for the preparation of powder (22) filled moldings (10; 10 '; 10' ') for introducing in a reactor core of a power reactor, wherein - a plate (12) of metal and / or semi-metal with one or more blind holes (14) is provided, - the blind holes (14) are filled with powder (22) - filled with the powder (22) of blind holes (14) being reversibly sealed, - shaped body (10) from the plate (12) to be cut, so that in each case a powder (22) filled blind hole (14) is surrounded by a formed from the metal and / or semi-metal shell.


This chapter describes the cross-disciplinary conceptual frameworks used to examine a popular American entertainment website that employs a virtual newsroom and instant messaging as its primary means of communication. This research is derived from a case study of the website Jezebel.com which considered how organizational structure and routines shaped the site's media product. This case study initially posed three central questions. What effect do personal values and professional roles and ethical norms play at the individual level? What news values, sources of routines and routine channels are utilized within the organization?, How does instant messaging affect communication and organization dynamics? In addition, this research presented ABsTRAcT


Rate control is one of the most important part of the H.264,a good rate control can effectively improve the quality of the compressed picture,and the accurate estimation of target bit has a great impact on the effect of the rate control.In this paper,we first point out the bad effect when the difference between target bits and actual bits is too big,which is not been paid much attention in JM module and other research,then we present a improvement for the prediction of the mad,so that we can strong the accurate of the R-Q module,and so is the prediction of the QP.At last,we prove its rationality through the experiment.


These days, migraines are a prevalent issue for almost everyone. A migraine strike can be brought on by a stressful job, the effects of genetics on children from parents, changes in lifestyle, unusual dietary habits, weather changes, excessive caffeine consumption, overuse of medication, and the stress and tension of day to day life. To demonstrate the proposed work, a standard migraine dataset is taken to show how these processes are helpful in real. In order to learn, data set Kostecki-Dillon obtained from the UCI machine learning repository, which includes 4152 records on 133 participants for 9 attributes, headaches reports set down in a therapy program were separated from Tammy Kostecki-records Dillon's on migraine handling. According to numerous experimental research, biofeedback therapy is quite beneficial for migraine headaches. Muscle discomfort is recorded by biofeedback devices, which then display those levels to the patient. Muscles are kept adequately relaxed because the patient learns to connect precise levels of tension with sensations from the muscles. This study focuses on the range of current migraine treatment methods as well as how biofeedback works to counteract the negative side effects of allopathic drugs. This work also focused on biofeedback processes for the general population depending on gender, age, and other characteristics.


The research development of bound pesticide residue was reviewed, a personal overview on the recent achievement in this research filed was summarized in detail, the aspect which need to be further studied were also suggested.


The reactions of five rice cultivars to the cyst nematodes Heterodera daverti and H. zeae and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita were determined in the greenhouse. The results showed that both H. daverti and H. zeae infected and reproduced successfully on some of the tested rice cultivars. Rice cultivars Giza 177 and Giza 178 were moderately susceptible and susceptible to H. daverti, respectively, while the other tested cultivars (Giza 171, Sakha 101, and Sakha 102) were resistant. Also, rice cultivars Giza 178 and Sakha 101 were susceptible to H. zeae and cultivars Giza 177 and Sakha 102 were moderately susceptible, whereas cv. Giza 171 was moderately resistant. In contrast, the tested rice cultivars were either susceptible or highly susceptible to M. incognita.


AIM To study the influence of homologuous antikeratin autoantibodies (AK auto Abs) on serum IL 6 and IL 8 in rabbit model of contact dermatitis. METHODS 24 rabbits were randomly divided into two groups, 12 rabbits in each group. Animals in AK auto Abs group were intramuscularly injected with AK auto Abs (5 mg·kg -1 ) every two days for 30 days, and those in control group were administrated 2 mL 9 g·L -1 NaCl in the same way. Modifications of serum IL 6 and IL 8 levels were measured with ELISA. RESULTS Serum IL 6 and IL 8 of AK auto Abs group rose, while those of control group established with 9 g·L -1 NaCl fell. CONCLUSION Contact dermatitis can induce generation of IL 6 and IL 8, while AK autoAbs inhibit the generation of IL 6 and IL 8.


As an optimization tool,PSO has the advantages of being simple and easy to achieve.The advantages of swarm intelligence and fast convergence make it suitable for large-scale complex network optimization problems.This paper analyses several strategies to improve particle swarm optimization,identify the advantages relative to the standard algorithm,and seizes the fast convergence characteristics of PSO.Through adjusting the algorithm parameters and the algorithm structure,it compensates the defect of the algorithm's easy to fall into local optimum defect effectively,thereby increase its global search capability.Through proper selection of the correspondence of solution spaces and particles of PSO,it applies PSO to Open pit road network routing problem successfully.


Background and purpose: It has long been recommended that patients at risk of cardiovascular events limit their intake of dietary cholesterol to <200 mg/day. One large egg yolk contains more than 200mg of cholesterol, and also contains 250mg of phosphatidylcholine, which is converted by intestinal bacterial to trimethylamine. In the face of increasingly widespread belief that consumption of dietary cholesterol and eggs is harmless, we analyzed the effects of these dietary constituents on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study population. Methods: A longitudinal cohort study of 30,239 community-dwelling black and white individuals aged 45+ years, recruited between January 2003 and October 2007 from the 48 contiguous states. The study oversampled black participants (44%), and residents of the southeastern "stroke belt" (56%). We analyzed total mortality and atherosclerotic events (ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction and revascu...


In this study, numerical simulations of the improved Boussinesq equation are obtained using two finite difference schemes and two finite element methods, based on the second‐and third‐order time discretization. The methods are tested on the problems of propagation of a soliton and interaction of two solitons. After the L∞ error norm is used to measure differences between the exact and numerical solutions, the results obtained by the proposed methods are compared with recently published results. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010


Dissemination of the pulmonary nocardiosis most commonly occurs to the sites like brain, kidney, chest wall, and skin. Dissemination to the skin and the subcutaneous may occur but rarely been observed in clinical settings. Here, we present an unusual case of disseminated cutaneous nocardiosis from pulmonary nocardiosis in a patient of nephritic syndrome who was on steroids and immunosuppressants. This case highlights the importance of considering nocardiosis in differential diagnosis in case of immunocompromised patients presenting with pulmonary complaints and cutaneous lesions.


CASE REPORT A 9-month-old, full-term, healthy female infant presented with a 1-month history of skin eruptions on her left auricle. There was no other specific medical history. On examination, there were two erythematous shiny nodules on her left ear (Fig. 1). One on the antihelix was 7 mm in size with an ulceration in the center. The other was on the helix and was 2 mm, with a smooth surface. The larger nodule was excised with the specimen submitted for pathology examination (Fig. 2). According to the patient's family, she was habitually put to sleep on her left side since birth. Two months before the onset of eruptions, she had began to sleep on a hard pillow filled with green bean shells (Fig. 3). There was no history of trauma or extensive sun exposure. We recommended that her family change the patient's sleeping positions and switch to a soft pillow. Six months later, the smaller nodule had resolved spontaneously and there was only a tiny scar where the larger nodule had been excised (Fig. 4).


search Institute of the University of Buffalo School of Medicine. 2 S. Lloyd Teitelman, M.D., F.A.C.S., is Clinic Surgeon at the Michael Reese Hospital and is Associate in Surgery at the Chicago Medical School. 3 Leo M. Zimmerman, M.D., F.A.C.S. is an Attending Surgeon at the Michael Reese Hospital and is Professor of Surgery at the Chicago Medical School. 4 This tubing is fabricated by dipping a cylindrical form into a tank of liquid latex rubber (natural), withdrawing it, and then immersing it in a coagulant solution. The deposit is then vulcanized and dried (Information obtained through the courtesy of Mr. E. L. Hanna, Davol Rubber Co., Providence, R. I.). Previous work of this laboratory has suggested that hydraulic factors may account for the development of certain elements of the structure of blood vessels


Data Mining techniques have been widely used in These methods have been extremely successful in planning clinical emotionally supportive networks as a result of their capacity to find concealed examples and connections in medicinal information. One of the most important applications of such systems is in diagnosis of heart diseases because it is one of the leading causes of deaths all over the world. Heart disease prediction is treated as a most complicated task in the field of medical science. Coronary illness forecast is dealt with as a most confused errand in the field of therapeutic science. The massive amounts of data generated for prediction of heart disease which is too difficult and baggy to be processed and analyzed by conventional methods. Data mining provides the methodology and technology to transform these data into useful information for decision making. Use of data mining algorithms will result in quick prediction of disease with high accuracy.


The robustness of discriminant functions to nonnormality is investigated. The performance of procedures relative to measures of the difference between the actual distribution of the observations and the usual assumption of normal densities is assessed. For example, the two population, mixed distributions problem with equal costs of misclassification are considered. The parameters are estimated by maximum likelihood and recently proposed robust methods.


The Kaoko Syringa, Kirkia dewinteri Merxm. & Heine, is endemic to Namibia and confirmed from only a few locations mainly on dolomite outcrops in the northwestern part of Namibia. One population visited consisted of approximately 120 multistemmed individuals with a mean height and mean circumference of 4.49±1.86 m and 54.68±38.01 cm, respectively. The mean distance between individuals is 7.96±5.64 m. Flowering occurs during early September.


We extend Darwiche's differential approach to inference in Bayesian networks (BNs) to handle specific problems that arise in the context of dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs). We first summarize Darw...


Maramureo County is quite endowed with natural resources. Together with quantity, the quality of resources must also be considered. The SWOT analysis helps identify other resources that, together with the natural ones, can support development in the county.


Recently hypersonic microwave propelled vehicles have been proposed using pneumatically inflated structures. The propulsion system design of these transatmospheric vehicles uses an "Air Spike" hypersonic inlet which employs a detached parabolic bow shock wave to contain a rarefied and heated "air pocket" that substantially reduces the flow Mach number impacting the vehicle forebody. The "Air Spike" is created by using directed microwave energy to induce a weak detonation in air and is intended to mimic the effects of a long, slender physical spike inlet without incurring the structural mass penalty. To investigate the Air Spike concept, a 6-inch diameter model of the vehicle was built and equipped with a long, slender plasma torch to heat the incident Mach 10 flow in a hypersonic shock tunnel. Schlieren photographs show the bow shock wave is substantially deflected from a conical to a parabolic shape when heat is added.


Power flow analysis is very important in power electrical systems and requires several models to obtain a complete understanding of the system. This paper proposes a methodology that allows modeling the behavior of power flows in transmission systems through synchrophasors. Firstly, is propose a problem of optimal location of PMUs solved by mixed integer programming (MIP) is proposed to obtain a complete observability of the system by means of synchrophasors, afterwards an AC power flow is solved through non-linear programming (NLP), to determine the voltages and nominal powers in the observation nodes.. The load characteristics of the observed nodes are modeled in active and reactive power components in the observation node using the ZIP load model. The load model coefficients are estimated to pose a least squares problem that is solved by nonlinear programming (NLP) and finally the power flow behavior is determined by the analysis of the phase angles between the observation node and the observed nodes. The methodology is tested in IEEE 9, 14 and 30-bus system.


In order to speed up the information network development of traditional minority national sports resources, promote the traditional minority national sports in sorting out and protection, promote the information network construction of national traditional sports, based on WEB design, this study adopts B/S mode, running on Windows Server 2003 combined IIS60 environment using ASP, SQL Server 2000 technology to develop the network platform The platform includes traditional inority national sports information resource, network teaching and traditional minority national sports competition management services, provides a certain amount of practice for the future development of information network management system for traditional minority national sports.


This study aims to identify the effectiveness of application of total quality standards on the sustainability of the franchise contract and to identify the difference in the conception of sample about the effectiveness of application of total quality standards. For achieving the objectives, the researcher designed a questionnaire which included the main information and upon the hypotheses, data have been collected and analyzed by using graphs, then, the study concluded the following results; the study pointed out that the application of quality standards has an effective role on the sustainability of the franchise contract, as well as, the study concluded that the application of total quality culture, if applicable, between the parties of the contract raises the percentage of sustainability of the franchise contract. Many results support that the total quality standards have a real relationship with the sustainability of the franchise contract. Many recommendations have been proposed at the end of the article.


This study aims to determine the dynamic association between stock prices and exchange rates of Pakistani currency (PKR) from 1965 to 2015, including the war era. Long and short-run associations are explored between these variables. Vector Autoregressive Model has been used to examine the association between the stock prices and exchange rate of PKR. Daily time series data of Pakistan from 1 Jan 1965 to 31 May 2015, from Thomson Reuter's software, is used. The Johansson co-integration approach reveals that two co-integration factors are existing between the two series, which shows that these two-time series have long-run movement. Nevertheless, the Granger causality test reveals that bi-direction causality exists among the variables. While the Vector Error Correction Model reveals that there is a short-run association among the series.


In this paper, we prove two characterization theorems for real half lightlike submanifold (M,g,S(TM)) of an indefinite Kaehler manifold or an indefinite complex space form (c) subject to the conditions : (a) M is totally umbilical in , or (b) its screen distribution S(TM) is totally umbilical in M.


The application of hybrid quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) potentials to the study of chemical reactions in enzymes is outlined. The discussion is general and addresses the difficulties encountered in an enzyme QM/MM study. First, general criteria for determining whether a particular enzyme is an appropriate candidate for a QM/MM approach are outlined. Methods for obtaining starting structures are detailed. The importance of choosing appropriate levels of ab initio or semiempirical theory is emphasized. Approaches for interfacing the QM and MM regions are briefly discussed, with greater detail given to describing our CHARMM-GAMESS interface. Techniques for partitioning the system into QM and MM regions are explored. Link atom placement, as distant from reacting atoms as possible within the confines of computational efficiency, is examined in some detail. Methods for determining reaction paths are also discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


of of of of the cyclic group of order the Cayley of of and the Cayley graphs of some finite two-generated Burnside groups of exponent 7. computation of the diameter of the Cayley graph of a large finite In the the of determining the minimal in a group is NP-hard nondeterministic polynomial in the the of elementary that must be performed to solve this problem is an exponential function of the number of generating elements. Therefore, to effectively solve problems on Cayley graphs having a large number of vertices, it is necessary to use MCS.


The Nielsen root number N(f ; c) of a map f : M → N at a point c ∈ N is a homotopy invariant lower bound for the number of roots at c, that is, for the cardinality of f−1(c). There is a formula for calculating N(f ; c) if M and N are closed oriented manifolds of the same dimension. We extend the calculation of N(f; c) to manifolds that are not orientable, and also to manifolds that have non-empty boundaries and are not compact, provided that the map f is boundary-preserving and proper. Because of its connection with degree theory, we introduce the transverse Nielsen root number for maps transverse to c, obtain computational results for it in the same setting, and prove that the two Nielsen root numbers are sharp lower bounds in dimensions other than 2. We apply these extended root theory results to the degree theory for maps of not necessarily orientable manifolds introduced by Hopf in 1930. Thus we re-establish, in a new and modern treatment, the relationship of Hopf's Absolutgrad and the geometric degree with homotopy invariants of Nielsen root theory, a relationship that is present in Hopf's work but not in subsequent re-examinations of Hopf's degree theory.


We investigate the relationship between the defect states and the carrier transport property of Si nanostructure-based solar cells. The solar cell consists of a Schottky junction including Si/SiO2 multiple quantum wells. The carrier transport is significantly enhanced by forming gas annealing of Si/SiO2 multiple quantum wells, which is well correlated with the decrease in the Pb and E′ center densities evaluated by electron spin resonance. In particular, we find that high temperature (>600 °C) annealing is necessary to passivate E′ center. Our results demonstrate the significance of defect passivation for the realization of high efficiency Si nanostructure-based solar cells.


In this statement Time is merely echoing the prevailing view. Recently Professor M. J. Sirks, of Groningen, and I stated in our book The Evolution of Biology that Pliny had died while on a mission of rescuing some people fleeing from the great eruption of Vesuvius. We stated: "It was while he was engaged in this task that he died of a heart attack, although the uninformed tradition has it that he was overcome by the fumes of Vesuvius."2 In assigning this cause to Pliny's death, however, we are virtually alone. Pliny's death is almost universally ascribed to his breathing poisonous volcanic gases. It may seem odd that there should be any misunderstanding about the death of a man as important and famous as Pliny, especially when his last day is described in detail by his nephew and heir, Pliny the Younger (62-115 A.D.). Of course, for fifteen hundred years Pliny was one of the great classical authorities, and during the medieval period he acquired some fictitious accretions. He was one of the great pre-Christian authorities along with Aristotle and Virgil, and, like the medieval Aristotle and the medieval Virgil, his real life was decorated with legends. Today there still persists the somewhat romantic picture of Pliny as a compulsive and dedicated scientist, bravely investigating a dangerous phenomenon and dying while pursuing his research. He has often been considered a martyr to science. Some fictional accounts have even told of Pliny's climbing Vesuvius, approaching too close to the erupting crater, and dying from breathing the fumes. Actually, Pliny never came within miles of Vesuvius, and, while he was interested in the eruption, he never investigated it closely. It is probable that Pliny could not have climbed Vesuvius even if it were not erupting. He was much too fat and in very poor physical shape. Pliny was one of the most industrious men who ever lived. His industry, however, was purely intellectual. He was not impressed with the benefits of physical


Bio-informatics is an interdisciplinary field of science involved in collecting and analyzing biological data. It is processed with the help of software tools thereby to increase the understanding of biological processes. The Anti-cancer activity is done to arrest or prevent the growth of cancer cells. It can be done either by using drugs or by extracting proteins from plants. Defining the benefits of using drugs as an anti-cancer agent is difficult. As it may harm the patient due to the presence of chemotherapeutic agents and are cost effective .So, the protein extracts of Catharanthus roseus and Murraya Koenigii are the best anti-cancer agents that overcomes the disadvantages of drugs. Further MCF-7 cell lines are cultured and the plant extracts are swapped. In this phase the cell death is observed and compared, and thereby Catharanthus roseus has the best anticancer activity.


Abstract Prostaglandins, produced from membrane phospholipids by the action of phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase, and specific prostaglandin synthases, are important regulators of ovulation, luteolysis, implantation, and parturition in reproductive tissues. Destruction of the corpus luteum at the end of the estrous cycle in nonpregnant animals is brought about by the pulsatile secretion of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) from the endometrium. It has been known for many years that progesterone, estradiol, and oxytocin are the hormones responsible for luteolysis. To achieve luteolysis, two independent processes have to be coordinated; the first is an increase in the prostaglandin synthetic capability of the endometrium and the second is an increase in oxytocin receptor number. Although progesterone and estradiol can modulate the expression of the enzymes involved in prostaglandin synthesis, the primary reason for the initiation of luteolysis is the increase in oxytocin receptor on the endometrial epithelial cells. Results of many in vivo studies have shown that progesterone and estradiol are required for luteolysis, but it is still not fully understood exactly how these steroid hormones act. The purpose of this article is to review the recent data related to how progesterone and estradiol could regulate (initiate and then turn off) the uterine pulsatile secretion of PGF2α observed at luteolysis.


In recent years proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has received rapid development owing to its higher efficiency conversion of energy,reliability,long lifetime and its environmental friendship.The characteristics of PEMFC were reviewed.The recent progress in the region of PEMFC was analyzed,and the application of PEMFC was introduced.The perspectives and the difficulties in the research of PEMFC were pointed out.


The phenomenon of decoherence appears when the quantum behaviour of a microsystem is investigated. If the shielding of the considered microsystem from the macroscopic environment is not perfect, typical quantum features, such as the capability to exhibit quantum fringes, are suppressed as an unavoidable result of the interaction with the macroscopic background. Focusing on the centre of mass degrees of freedom of a massive test particle decoherence can typically be described in terms of random momentum transfers with the environment, thus naturally calling for a probabilistic standpoint. In this framework a general connection between the characteristic function of a Levy process and loss of coherence of a massive quantum system interacting through momentum transfer events with an environment will be put into evidence, relying on Holevo's characterization of quantum dynamical semigroups in the presence of translational invariance. The relationship with microphysical models and recent experiments on decoher...


The effects of water restriction (WR) on the growth performance, behavior, carcass and blood parameters of weaned rabbits were evaluated. The breed effects on these parameters were also assessed. Sixty rabbits of 35 days age of two breeds, 30 Alexandria (Alex) and 30 New-Zealand white (NZW) were used. Each breed was randomly divided into three equal groups. The control group (free access) was supplemented with free access of water (24 h/ day). Groups 2 and 3 of each breed received water for 2h/ day and 3 h/ day, respectively. The WR not significantly affect body weight, daily weight gain and relative growth rate, while it significantly reduced water and feed intake and improved the feed conversion ratio in comparison with control groups. The results also revealed that, WR had no significant effect on most of carcass parameters except for reducing the abdominal fat percentages. The hematological results showed that, a free access group of Alex rabbits had higher means for RBCs, HCT, MCV, lymphocytes and blood platelets; while, it was recorded the lowest values for MCH, MCHC, WBCs and granulocytes. The WR significantly affects some behavior performance of weaned rabbits (ceacotrophy, drinking time and some of exploratory behavior). Breed effect was clear for daily water consumption, feed conversion ratio, spleen percentage, ceacotrophy, walking time and some hematological parameters (MCH, MCHC, WBCs, lymphocytes, granulocytes and blood platelets). In conclusion, application of WR regimes (2 h and 3 h /day) has beneficial and economic effects on performance of fattening rabbit.


BACKGROUND
The shapes of an arc and scoliosis are the same. Therefore, the geometry of an arc can reveal the relationship between the angles within and around a scoliotic spine.

OBJECTIVE
To look for angles which are functions of the geometry of an arc and can also be used for assessment of curve progression in scoliosis.

DESIGN
Review of the geometry of an arc and that of scoliosis.

METHOD
English literature on scoliosis (from 1930 to date), searched manually, via Internet and from colleagues, was reviewed.

RESULTS
Methods of curve measurement in use presently are functions of the geometry of scoliosis. Three additional methods are proposed for assessment of curve progression in scoliosis. These methods are geometrically related with the previously known ones.

CONCLUSION
All methods of assessment of curve progression in scoliosis are fundamentally the same and interchangeable. There is no reason for preference of one method over another method of curve measurement.


An experimental pigeon paramyxovirus (pPMV-1) infection was followed by reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction for 31 days after infection, in 16 organs of inoculated or contact pigeons naturallyinfected with Salmonella Typhimurium. With two exceptions, both groups presented similar results. Typical nervous signs and a green diarrhoea were observed. The spread of pPMV-1 was relatively quick, all organs beinglargely positive at 4 days after inoculation or contact. The lung, spleen, caecal tonsils, kidneys and brain, for which almost all tested samples remained positive during most of the experiment, seemed to be the principal targets for virus persistence. However, the virus was significantly recovered later in the brain parts and for longer in the trachea of the contact pigeons than of the inoculated ones.


Objective:To establish an examination and evaluation system of clinical skills in clinical medicine and explore its significance. Methods:According to the clinical skills teaching of clinical medicine,the examination and evaluation system for clinical skills in clinical medicine were established and applied to teaching practice.Results:After the establishment of clinical skills examination and evaluation system,the grades of 2000,2001,2002 and 2003 clinical medical students' clinical skills examination was carried out and evaluated.The test results of 2003 grade students were higher than the grade of 2002:2002 was higher than 2001,and 2001 was higher than the 2000(F=64.22,q=3.67-19.13,P0.05,0.01).There was significance of the results of the history taking,basic technical operations,examination results analysis and clinical case analysis among the different grades(F =34.96-134.22,q=3.74-25.36,P0.01).The test results of 2003 students physical examination were higher than those of the 2002,2001 and 2000 students(F=6.79,q=4.29-6.28,P0.01).Conclusion:The examination and evaluation system of clinical skills has an important significance on cultivating medical students' innovative thinking,innovative ability and the adaptability.


Ring shear apparatus is well suited for researching shear strength properties of large shear displacement conditions.This paper systematically introduces the DTA-138ring shear apparatus newly imported by Beijing University of Technology,and tests were done to silty clay of Ip=12and clay of Ip=36by this apparatus.Test results indicate that:ring shear apparatus used in this study has good stability and high precision for both silty clay and clay,thus can guarantee the accuraty of the test results;shear speed at 0.1°/min~10°/min has no significant effect on peak strength and residual strength for both silty clay and clay;over-consolidated ratio has almost no effect on the peak strength and residual strength of silty clay and residual strength of clay,while the peak strength of clay has the increasing trend as the over-consolidation ratio increased,the residual strength of clay is significantly lower than the residual strength of silty clay at the same test condition.


Micro-rhetorics are the representational units of meaning that emerge from the rhetorical affordances of videogame mechanics, abstract gameplay patterns, and thematic depiction. This paper explains the concept of micro-rhetorics, how game dynamics can be interpreted, and how designers can make use of game mechanics to express ideas through simple videogames. This theoretical framework is informed by the design of Game-O-Matic, a videogame authoring tool that generates games to represent ideas. It takes a network of basic relationships between actors and assembles simple arcade-style game mechanics into videogames that are able to make arguments and depict ideas.


The explanatory significance of equilibrium depends on the underlying dynamics. A number of questions of stability and robustness are relevant. Here I investigate these questions with respect to some simple evolutionary models from my book, Evolution of the Social Contract. These models use the replicator dynamics. In each of these models I identify the equilibria and characterize their local dynamic stability properties. In two of the models, I show that one equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. I then show that the foregoing results are robust over a large class of adaptive dynamics that might be considered as alternatives to the replicator dynamics. I investigate the structural stability properties of the three models. The question of the structural stability of a model of bargaining with correlated encounters raised by D'Arms, Batterman, and Górny (1998) is answered in the affirmative. The other two models are not structurally stable. Modification of a structurally unstable signaling system to allow for correlated encounters results in a structurally stable model.


Abnormalities of renal function have been demonstrated inpatients with visceral leishmaniasis; although there was a trend toward normalization following antiparasitic therapy, some abnormalities persisted. With thepurpose of studying the long- term clinical course of renal involvement in visceral leishmaniasis, 32 patients with a diagnosis of this parasitic disease were evaluated in the endemic area and at least 6 months after the clinical cure of the disease and compared with a control group of 28 individuals. No patient had a history or clinical findings suggestive of renal disease and all were normotensive. Laboratory evaluation was normal in all except 3 patients with abnormal urinalysis. Mild proteinuria and microscopic hematuria were seen in a single urinalysis in one patient (although three other urinalysis were normal), and leucocyturia in two female patients. It was concluded that the renal involvement in visceral leishmaniasis is mild and transient, with normal renal function observed on long-term follow-up after cure of the parasitic infection.


In this communication, the temperature-programmed reduction with on-line mass spectrometry has been conducted on the series of four fenolic resites (cured resoles) containing different sulfur functionalities in a TGA apparatus to ascertain whether the release of SO 2 is dependent primarily on sulfur functionality or whether other factors, particularly the concentration of volatile matter and chemistry involving the interconversion of sulfur forms, are also important for macromolecular systems


/ t's nearly ten years since the phasing in of equal pay was completed but the gap between male and female average earnings is still large and has hardly altered since 1976, There are no occupations in Australia, even female-dominated ones, where women earn, on the average, more than men. Up until 1969 the Australian wage fixing tribunals operated on the belief that women should receive lower wages than men. The ' 'Harvester judgment" of 1907, for the first time, guaranteed male workers a minimum wage but, in assuming that the "average employee" was male, married and with three children, it reinforced the sex segregation of the Australian w o rk fo rc e and g u a ra n te e d th a t w o m e n w o r k e r s w ere g r o s s ly underpaid. Even at the time of this judgment, 45 percent of the male workforce were single, and 20 percent of the total workforce were women. Although in 19 12 the Arbitration Court acknowledged the need for w o m e n w h o w ere p e r f o r m i n g similar work to men and might, therefore, be in competition with them for jobs, to be paid equal rates, this did not happen. But the court's attitude did have the effect o f further consolidating the notion of separate rates for women irrespective of productivity or need, and women's rates remained at around 54 percent of the male rate until their labour was needed for the war effort during the Second WorldWar.


The paper proposes a combination of sliding mode control (SMC) strategy with state and disturbance observer (SDO) technique. In most of the applications all the states of the plant are not available for measurement. In that case SDO is used to estimate the plant states along with matched as well as mismatched uncertainties. The estimates of SDO is used in proposed control law to improve the output tracking. The proposed control can effectively regulate the motor speed, even in the presence of uncertainties and disturbances. Disturbance observer (DO) can estimate the matched as well as mismatched uncertainties in the plant. The proposed control is validated experimentally on DC Motor setup with MATLAB-Simulink.


The psychology of university students' physical culture learning includes motivation, interest and attitude. We should arouse their motivation by means of target and feedback, praise and criticism; stimulate their interests through reforming the teaching methods and contents; help them foster correct attitude by way of positive guidance.


The functional and morphologic integrity of the pen-toneal membrane is of major importance for the successful treatment of patients with chronic peritoneal dialysis. This study aimed at the establishment and functional characterization of human peritoneal fibroblasts (HPFB) in cell culture. HPFB were isolated from human omentum by enzymatic digestion and cultured. Confluent HPFB could be identified as spin-dIe-shaped cells, growing in parallel arrays


The invention provides a thin film packaging structure, aiming to lower the impact of moisture, absorbed on the surface of multi-layer packaging thin films or permeating into the multi-layer packaging thin films, on a packaged device. The thin film packaging structure comprises multi-layer thin film layers arranged on one side of the packaged device. Surface tensions of the think film packaging structure increase gradually from inside to outside. Further, the thin film packaging structure is provided with N thin film layers including a first thin film layer, a second thin film layer ... and an N thin film layer from inside to outside, and N is not smaller than 2, and surface strengths of the thin film layers increase gradually from the first thin film layer to the N thin film layer. The thin film packaging structure is capable of restraining moisture permeation and prolonging service life of the device.


Yields of H2 and CH4 from methyl-, trimethyl- and ethyl-amine vapours γ-irradiated at room temperature have been measured. The effects of dose, pressure, electron and free radical scavengers on these yields have been studied. From the decreases in G(H2) in the presence of scavengers values for GH2, GeGH and relative rate constants for some reactions of H atoms have been calculated. Except for methylamine the values of Ge obtained in this way are lower than those obtained from measurements of the energy of ion pair formation, W. Ethylenediamine is a product from radiolysis of methylamine but dimethylhydrazine is not.


In response to a need to be able to observe dynamic phenomena in materials systems with both high spatial (~1nm or better) and high temporal (~1 µ s or faster) resolution, a dynamic transmission electron microscope (DTEM) has been developed at National Laboratory (LLNL). The high temporal resolution is achieved in the DTEM by using a short pulse laser (~1 µ s or faster) to create the pulse of electrons through photo-emission (here the duration of the electron pulse is approximately the same as the duration of the laser pulse). This pulse of electrons is propagated down the microscope column in the same way as in a conventional high-resolution TEM. The only difference is that the spatial resolution is limited by the electron-electron interactions in the pulse (a typical 10ns pulse contains ~10 8 electrons) – the shortest pulses suffer the greatest of spatial resolution degradation as the electron density is highest of electrons a particular dynamic event, a the of the electron


What makes scientific development an issue in China in the early 21st century is determined by three factors.Objectively,to address problems in economic and social development in the early 21st century requires China to develop in a scientific way.Logically,the transfomation of the themes of development in the three historical stages after the founding of new China has laied a solid foundation for scientific development.Subjectively,it makes scientific development accepted by the people throughout the country that the new collective leadership makes a change in the mode of thinking on governance.


Klinefelter's Syndrome, a sex chromosomal abnormality and the most common cause of male hypogonadism, is characterized by cognitive and psychosexual dysfunction and abnormalities in physical maturation. It may be relatively common yet often undiagnosed and untreated among psychiatric patients. A case of undiagnosed Klinefelter's Syndrome associated with poor psychosocial functioning, an obsessive impulse to damage women'sgenitals and finally a sexual homicide, is presented. Precipitating factors for maladjustment were strongly cathected surgery of undescended testicles, violent and abusive parents, and a fantasy about the mother's being guilty for the patient's physically poor sexual development. Prevention of psychiatric sequelae of Klinefelter's Syndrome should be based on early diagnostics.


This paper investigates two different types of linguistic meaning, namely truthconditional/non-truth-conditional meaning and conceptual/procedural meaning. The paper has a two-fold purpose. Firstly, it argues that the assumed parallelism between truth-conditional/non-truth-conditional and the conceptual/procedural meaning must be questioned due to the fact that there are some linguistic expressions the meaning of which both contributes to the truth conditions and constrains the interpretation of utterances in which they occur. Secondly, the conceptual/procedural distinction is not mutually exclusive, as claimed by Blakemore (1987). The paper will provide a set of linguistic expressions that can encode both conceptual and procedural meaning. Such expressions will be called the conceptuo-procedural expressions. The paper will be structured as follows. Section 1 discusses the relation between linguistic meaning and truth conditions and gives an analysis of some linguistic elements the meaning of which does not contribute to the truth conditions of the utterances in which they occur. Section 2 provides a criticism of two previous approaches to the analysis of non-truth conditional meaning i.e., Frege's and Grice's approaches. Section 3 discusses how linguistic meaning is analysed in Relevance Theory (RT) as concepts and procedures. Section 4 provides some linguistic expressions the meaning of which can be analysed in both conceptual and procedural terms. Section 5 is a conclusion. 1. Linguistic meaning and truth conditions Theorists and ordinary language users consider language as a medium of exchanging information about the world. In the fields of linguistics and the philosophy of language, this has been referred to as the relation between natural language and truth conditions. Strawson (1971) points out that the notions of truth and truth conditions can account for linguistic meaning, as he puts it: It is a truth implicitly acknowledged by communication theorists-themselves that in almost all the things we should count as sentences there is a substantial central core of meaning which is explicable either in terms of truth conditions or in terms of some related notions.


The manuscript under review presents the structural design optimization of the 5 MW NREL onshore wind turbine. Finite element technique is used to perform the evaluation of the design constrains and objective function. Genetic algorithm is use to search the design space for the optimal solution. Design variables of the tower are; top diameter, bottom diameter and thickness distribution. The design constraints are; deformation, ultimate stress, fatigue, buckling, and natural frequencies. Mass of the tower is introduced as the objective function. The optimization process resulted in 6% mass reduction of the tower, while satisfying all the design constrains.


Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Yingfu Li at McMaster University. The image depicts a molecular switch for ultra-specific detection of DNA utilizing a guanine-quadruplex (up-right structure) resistant to denaturation by urea (ball-and-stick structures). Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201903536.


Principle The periodicity of connected stationary oscillators is demonstrated on the example of a continuous, harmonic transverse wave generated by a wave machine. The number of oscillations carried out by different oscillators within a certain time is determined and the velocity of propagation is measured. A relation between frequency, wavelength and phase velocity is established. The formation of standing waves is demonstrated and studied.


Abstract Climate change as an instructional topic in K-12 schools is most frequently taught in the science classroom. However, it is a human issue requiring social as well as technological and scientific solutions. This study analyzes and evaluates a climate change curriculum implemented via an integrated social studies and language arts framework in a middle school classroom. The curriculum reflects collaboration between a private school, a climate education non-profit, and a government agency (NOAA). Following the first year of implementation, student surveys, teacher interviews, and classroom observations comprise the primary tools of data collection and evaluation. Based off these data, students demonstrate high levels of climate literacy, improvements in reading comprehension, and overall engagement with the topic. Teachers report successes and challenges of teaching the curriculum, and administrators offer opportunities for scaling and implementing the curriculum in other schools and contexts (including public schools). Findings from this study are relevant to climate change curriculum developers, researchers, and educators seeking to incorporate an interdisciplinary, socio-scientific approach to climate change education in their work.


Underlying the paper's arguments is the proposition that current built environment policies are based on a particular rationality that fails to accommodate the value of keeping options open in the interest of future generations. This failure brings to the fore the question of what counts as a "sustainable" decision. Consideration is given to how established deliberative techniques might be adapted to include future generations and other "absent voices" in the decision constituency so as to create democratic procedures that are more inclusive.


In 1995, Mitchell and McCullough posed the question, "What was computer-aided design?" as a provocation that a future generation of designers would have forgotten that design methods other than computationally based ones ever existed. Arguably, that time has arrived. In developed countries, many current architecture students rely almost exclusively upon digital methods—they use computers to take notes, photograph, sketch, devise complex forms, produce design documentation, write, create images and videos of their designs, communicate with collaborators and instructors, and estimate performance to guide their design decisions. In this sense, their design approach is post-digital, since digital technologies are omnipresent and transparent. Kolarevic suggests that the post-digital context is defined by a shift from a fascination with the digital toward the simply architectural and the integrative. Arguably, there is less need for inventing new software tools, adapting hardware gadgets to architectural applications, and exploring novel forms that are vaguely habitable. Rather, the suggestion is that those with expertise in computational design embrace research agendas that explicitly address critical social issues and challenges of our era that are amenable to architectural solutions. A post-digital context is a Petri dish for growing new viral forms of practice that could transform the building industry. This essay describes a handful of recent research efforts to illustrate an academic research agenda that marshals and focuses the many tools of the post-digital context upon topics that are more fundamental to the role of architecture in society. Research projects to envision new ways to address self-help housing, to guide the formulation of urban design regulation, to capture the perception of architectural and urban beauty, and to structure the overall design process intensively utilized digital modeling and simulation to confront big problems of social import and relevance. Together, they define topics within a comprehensive architectural research agenda relevant to the challenges of the twenty-first century.


MR images obtained in 40 patients with surgicall y proven lumbar herniated intervertebral disc(HIVD) and/or spinal ste nosis were retrospectively analysed and compared with CT scans , in order to evaluate the MR findings of HIVD and spinal stenosis , and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of MR. The MR imaging was performed on a 2.0T superconducting unit, using multi slice spin echo (SE) and gradi ent echo(GE) techniques The results were as follows 1. The texture of vertebral body with spinal stenosis had the tendency to be more heterogeneous than that with HIVD 2 The sig nal intensity of the diseased disc was isointense relative to normal di sc in 81 %(60174) and the remainder(19 %) was hypointense on both T1 weighted SE and GE images. There was no significant difference in signal intensity among HIVD , HIVD combined with spinal stenosis and spinal ste nosis groups , but there was the tendency of lower signal intensity of the diseased disc in patients with severe degenerati ve change of spi ne in both T1 weighted S E image and GE image 3. The diagnostic accuracy of MR was 92 %, which was similar to that of CT 4. T 1 weig hted SE image appears supe rior to GE image in evaluati on of most of the structural differentiation , but as for differentiation between lumina and ligamentum flavum , and for the vacu um phenomenon , GE image seems to be bette r than T1 weighted SE image In conclusion, MR appears to be better than CT as a initial imaging modality in evaluat ion


GM1-gang are glycolipid storage diseases characterized by an accumulation of GM1-ganglioside and o deficiency of β-gal activity. Antibodies evoked against purified A1 isozyme of human liver were used to develop a sensitive radial immunodiffusion assay to quantitate the CRM of biological samples independent of their enzymic activity. β-Gal activities were determined in fibroblasts from controls and from patients with types 1 and 2 GM1-gang and Krabbe's disease using 4 mu-β-D-galactoside, (3H) lactosylceramide (assay 1 for "Krabbe's" enzyme, assay II for "GM1" enzyme), and (3H) GH1-ganglioside. The CRM was determined and the ratio of GM1, activity to CRM (CRM specific activity) was calculated.In controls, the CRM was 0.31-0.43 μg/mg protein with a CRM specific activity of 512-588 nm/hr/μg. CRM of Krabbe fibroblasts and the β-gal activities were higher than those of controls resulting in CRM specific activity similar to controls. In GM1-gang, type 1, normal quantities of CRM were found with about a 500-fold decrease in the CRM specific activity. Almost twice the normal quantities of CRM were found in GM1-gang type 2 but the CRM specific activity was decreased only 100-fold. This assay provides new data regarding the molecular defect in GM1-gang, types 1 and 2 and may serve as a tool for the study of other defects of β-gal.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate employers' recruitment strategies to address distinct job-related agency problems before establishing an employment relationship. Insights from agency theory and the social embeddedness perspective are combined to hypothesize whether and why employers adapt their recruitment strategies to the job type (differing in level of discretion) for which they are externally hiring. Design/methodology/approach – The hypotheses are empirically tested using data from a survey of 288 Dutch employers. Questions were asked about the two types of jobs. Multi-level logistic regression analysis is applied to investigate the effect of social context on the choice of recruitment strategy. In addition to that, separate analyses are conducted for the two job types, using logistic regression analysis. Findings – As predicted, employers have the tendency to use informal recruitment channels more often for jobs with high degree of discretion (i.e. managerial, professional, and...


The aim of this study is to show the interest of pathologists to autopsy and their share in specialty training.


In order to understand the mechanism why rapeseed cake application could improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different fertilization,especially rapeseed cake on the microorganism in rhizosphere soil of flue-cured tobacco.The results showed that fertilization with rapeseed cake increased most significantly the amounts of microbes.However,too many ammonifying and nitrifying bacteria could impede the yellowing and maturity of tobacco leaves during maturity stage.It is important to apply cake fertilizer at proper time and in suitable rate to tobacco.


Testing of a special cable designed for electret elastic to electric wave energy conversion in recording seismic oscillations performed both in sea and earth demonstrated the possibility of its application in seismic explorations offering great promise in upgrading the geological and economic effectiveness thereof.


This paper concerns the monoid Hecke algebras H introduced by Louis Solomon. We determine explicitly the unities of the orbit algebras associated with the two-sided action of the Weyl group W . We use this to: 1. find a description of the irreducible representations of H, 2. find an explicit isomorphism between H and the monoid algebra of the Renner monoid R, 3. extend the Kazhdan-Lusztig involution and basis to H, and 4. prove, for a W ×W orbit of R, the existence (conjectured by Renner) of generalized Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials. Introduction A monoid analogue of the Iwahori-Hecke algebra [11] was obtained by Solomon [27]–[29]. In an earlier paper [19] the author studied Solomon's monoid Hecke algebras by studying the associated orbit algebras. These orbit algebras arise from the two-sided action of the Weyl group W on the Renner monoid R. In particular, the coefficients of the unity of the empty level orbit algebra were shown to be Rx,y, where Rx,y are polynomials introduced by Kazhdan and Lusztig [12]. The other orbit algebras were also shown to have unities, but their coefficients were only implicitly given. In this paper we give an explicit formula for the unities of all the orbit algebras, thereby obtaining a description of the irreducible representations of monoid Hecke algebras. We also obtain an explicit, but very complicated, isomorphism between the monoid Hecke algebra and the monoid algebra of R, solving a problem posed by Solomon [28]. We go on to extend to the monoid Hecke algebra the Kazhdan-Lusztig involution and basis for the (group) Iwahori-Hecke algebra. This then immediately yields polynomials Pθ,σ for θ, σ in the same W ×W orbit of R, partially solving a problem posed by Renner [26]. These polynomials are still mysterious; however, in the simplest case they are products of relative KazhdanLusztig polynomials introduced by Deodhar [6]. 1. Reductive monoids and monoids of Lie type Consider the general linear group G = GLn(F ) over an algebraically closed field F . It is the unit group of the multiplicative monoidM = Mn(F ) of all n×nmatrices over F . This monoid has the following structure. The diagonal idempotents form a Boolean lattice with respect to the natural order of idempotents: f ≤ e if ef = fe = f. Received by the editors December 3, 1993. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 20G40, 20G05, 20M30. Research partially supported by NSF Grant DMS9200077. c ©1997 American Mathematical Society


The main objective of this investigation is to add to our understanding how women in Brazil interpret female portrayals in publicity. The secondary objectives are to examine if women compare themselves with advertising images and if they do how they perceive that they affect them. The research uses a three folded framework: the social representation theory, the gender identity approach and Festinger (1954) social comparison theory to shed light in our phenomenon. Besides, the present study applied the grounded theory research method. The data was gathered using in depth interviews and semi-structured instruments. The sample was composed of sixty individuals selected by convenience method. Results revealed three different perceptions about female portrayals in advertising: the depreciated and the idealized images and the modern women images. Additionally, our analyses have shown that these three images denounce gender identity and relation conflicts in Brazilian society. In addition, results revealed that the informants not only do compare themselves with advertising endorsers, but also believe that mass media imagery affect them in a negative way, as their psychological health is affected by making them feel depressed and anxious.


This study is aimed at understanding how career development; both personal and organizational; influences
employees' career satisfaction and organizational commitment. There were 63 full-time employees participating in this study. The data was analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS). Results suggest that learning goal orientation and performance goal orientation of career development positively affect employees' career
satisfaction. Developmental feedback of organizational career development was also found to positively affect
career satisfaction. Performance goal orientation of personal career development and developmental feedback of
organizational career development positively influence organizational commitment. However, learning goal
orientation has no significant effect on organizational commitment. Meanwhile, organizational support for career development does not have significant effect on both career satisfaction and organizational commitment. These findings provide significant contributions both from academic and managerial perspectives.


Objectives. To describe clinical features, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) changes, and therapy of patients with neurosyphilis (NS). Material and methods. This is a retrospective study including patients older than 14 years who met criteria for defining a confirmed or probable case of neurosyphilis according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and who were admitted to a public hospital in Callao, Peru, between 1997 and 2007. Results. Twenty-five patients met criteria for defining NS (22 for confirmed cases and 3 for probable cases). Median age was 40 years, 24 patients (96%) were men, four (16%) had a past history of syphilis, and 15 (60%) had HIV infection. Twenty-one patients (84%) developed symptomatic NS, of which fourteen (67%) had early forms, and this pattern was most commonly seen in HIV-infected patients (p=0.001). Of those patients with CSF data available, 64% (14/22) had pleocytosis and 73% (16/22) high protein levels, and there were no significant differences between patients with and without HIV infection. CSF VDRL tests were reported as reactive in 88% (22/25) of patients. Median CSF VDRL titers were lower in HIV-infected patients (p=0.006), and a higher proportion of HIV-negative patients had CSF VDRL titers ≥1:4 (p=0.02). 72% of patients received high-dose intravenous aqueous crystalline penicillin G. Conclusions. The majority of patients with NS had HIV infection. Early NS was more common than late NS and the CSF VDRL titers were lower in HIV-infected patients. High-dose intravenous penicillin was the most frequently used therapy.


Long-term spectrograms show that after strong earthquakes, the frequency of the 0 S 0 resonance of the earth varies with no apparent regularity. This also applies to the structure and the location of the side- bands. Measurements with the zero beat method show a frequency modulation of unknown cause, which can hardly be detected by FFT.


Use of model techniques for determining pressure distribution and wind loads on buildings is considered. None of existing simplified laws adequately accounts for velocity distribution and roughness effects. A more complete relation is derived and verified in a series of tests. A cube placed in a boundary layer of varying thickness is used to demonstrate the variation of pressure distribution produced by these effects. Uniform velocity test data reported in the literature is examined and found to contain large discrepancies. Wind tunnel verification tests show these to be caused by a number of deficiencies in model mounting arrangements. The model must be mounted on a ground plate with a long downstream section and gaps which allow air flow into the wake must not exist. A Reynolds number influence on the pressure distribution is also demonstrated.


Result of a PhD research in progress, regarding the evolution of food risks representations, this article focuses on the way through which new concepts emerge as resolutions on the latest international food and health crisis. The research is based on a discourse analysis approach, through the international health organisations and political discourses. The concept on which this paper focuses on is represented by the "One Health approach" as an international resolution in order to reduce and control the impact of the antibiotic resistance emerging crisis and its consequences on the food risks representations.


In recent years, Chemical-induced Disease (CID) relations are the most searched topics by PubMed users worldwide, reflecting its extensive applications in biomedical research and public health field. However, for CID relation extraction, prior methods fail to make full use of the interaction between local and global contexts in biomedical document. To better capture the complex relationships among contexts, we propose an effective framework for document-level CID relation extraction. Specifically, the stacked Hypergraph Aggregation Neural Network (HANN) layers are applied to model effectively the interaction between local and global contexts. Moreover, by constructing CID Relation Heterogeneous Graph, we can capture the different granularities of information and learn better contextualized representations for CID relation extraction. Extensive experiments on a commonly used dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Objective. To evaluate the effect of oral hygiene with 0.12% Chlorhexidine gluconate on the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in children undergoing cardiac surgery. Design. Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting. Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at a tertiary care hospital. Patients. One hundred sixty children undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease, randomized into 2 groups: Chlorhexidine (n = 87) and control (n = 73). Interventions. Oral hygiene with 0.12% Chlorhexidine gluconate or placebo preoperatively and twice a day postoperatively until PICU discharge or death. Results. Patients in experimental and control groups had similar ages (median, 12.2 vs 10.8 months; P = .72) and risk adjustment for congenital heart surgery 1 score distribution (66% in category 1 or 2 in both groups; P = .17). The incidence of nosocomial pneumonia was 29.8% versus 24.6% (P = .46) and the incidence of VAP was 18.3% versus 15% (P = .57) in the Chlorhexidine and the control group, respectively. There was no difference in intubation time (P = .34), need for reintubation (P = .37), time interval between hospitalization and nosocomial pneumonia diagnosis (P = .63), time interval between surgery and nosocomial pneumonia diagnosis (P = .10), and time on antibiotics (P = .77) and vasoactive drugs (P = .16) between groups. Median length of PICU stay (3 vs 4 days; P = .53), median length of hospital stay (12 vs 11 days; P = .67), and 28-day mortality (5.7% vs 6.8%; P = .77) were also similar in the Chlorhexidine and the control group. Conclusions. Oral hygiene with 0.12% Chlorhexidine gluconate did not reduce the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia and VAP in children undergoing cardiac surgery. Trial Registration. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00829842.


The objective was to assess the nutritional impact of adding a serving of mushrooms in USDA Food Patterns (Healthy US-Style Food Patterns, Healthy Mediterranean-Style Patterns and Healthy Vegetarian Patterns) using a similar approach to that used by USDA for Dietary Guidelines.

 A composite of commonly consumed raw mushrooms (white, brown/crimini and portabella; at 1:1:1 ratio), and raw specialty mushrooms (oyster mushrooms) were used for modeling. USDA Food Data Central database (https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/) was used to obtain nutrient profiles of mushrooms. Nutritional profiles of USDAs Food Patterns were obtained from the Scientific Report of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, Appendix E-3 (https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015-scientific-report/15-appendix-E3/) and dietary modeling was accomplished by adding nutrients from mushrooms.

 Addition of a serving (84 g) of raw mushrooms to USDA Food Patterns (each at 2000 kcal levels) resulted in about 1% increase in calories, less than 5% increase in macronutrients, 2–6% increase in fiber, 9–11% increase in potassium, 14–15% increase in riboflavin, 13–26% increase in niacin, and 13–22% increase in copper in USDA Food Patterns. Addition of oyster mushroom also additionally increased 9–11% vitamin D and 12–14% choline in USDA Food Patterns. Mushrooms exposed to UV light to increase vitamin D levels to 200 IU/serving also increased vitamin D by 70–90% in USDA Food Patterns. Addition of mushrooms had minimal effect on sodium (1% or less increase) and no effect on saturated fat or cholesterol in USDA's Food Patterns.

 Addition of mushrooms to USDA Food Patterns increased several micronutrients including shortfall nutrients, and had a minimal or no impact on overall calories, sodium or saturated fat.

 Mushroom Council.


A bedrock form similar to a glacial cirque was found west of Lake Siljan in the province of Dalarna, central Sweden, below 500 m a.s.l. Glacial cirques at such low altitudes have not up to now been...


Skin-pass rolling or temper rolling is the last step in cold rolling of metal sheets or strips intended for additional fabrication such as a deep drawing. The thickness reduction in the skin-pass rolling is between 0.5 to 3%. Therefore achieving high thickness reduction is not the basic reason for performing the skin-pass rolling. Basic reasons are related to: suppression of the upper yield point, elimination of the coil breaks that occurs during a strip uncoiling and improving of the strip surface quality and dimensional accuracy. The purpose of this paper is to describe the influence of the skinpass rolling on strength and elongation of explosive welded three-layer strip consisted of CuZn10 clad layers and central DC04 steel layer.


Dodonaea viscosa is present as an initiator of vegetable regeneration. In this study litter product and the number of species associated with this bush was evaluated Villa de Leiva, Sachica, Samac! and Tundama, Colombia.


The fruits of the tropical to sub-tropical annual plant Arachis hypogea" are popularly called the "Groundnuts!! or. "Earthnuts" as the nuts mature under the ground surface. The kernels inside the pods resemble peas and hence are also termed as "peanuts".". There is yet another name for this, as "Monkey nuts" since monkeys in zoos, are fed by the spectators with these nuts. This last name has really assumed more signi- ficance of late, because of the rapid fluctuations in the prices of the same. The prices are as varying and erratic as the actions of a monkey. The month-war prices of groundnuts in North Arcot district are given in statement I appended, from 1935 onwards. A glance at the figures reveals that the trend of groundnut prices for the past twenty years has been a story by itself, full of interest and excitement.


The joint International Symposium RCBJSF-2014-FM&NT has successfully united two international events — the 12th Russia/CIS/Baltic/Japan Symposium on Ferroelectricity (RCBJSF-12) and the 9th International Conference on Functional Materials and Nanotechnologies (FM&NT-2014). The RCBJSF symposium is a continuation of a series of meetings on ferroelectricity, the fi rst of which took place in Novosibirsk (USSR) in 1976. FM&NT conferences started in 2006 and have been organized by the Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia in Riga. In 2012 the International program committee decided to transform this conference into a traveling Baltic State conference and FM&NT-2013 was organized by the Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Estonia. In 2014 the joint international symposium RCBJSF-2014-FM&NT was organized by the Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, and was part of Riga-2014, the European Capital of culture event. The purpose of the joint Symposium was to bring together scientists, students and high-level experts in solid state physics, materials science, engineering and related disciplines. The number of registered participants from 26 countries was over 350. During the Symposium, 128 high quality scienti fi c talks (5 plenary, 42 invited, 81 oral) and over 215 posters were presented. All presentations were divided into four parallel sessions according to four main topics of the Symposium: Ferroelectricity, including ferroelectrics and multiferroics, pyroelectrics, piezoelectrics and actuators,


This book contains ideas for using wood in every room in the home, as well as outside. Ranging from medieval to Shaker, from Colonial to contemporary, it features designs of all sizes, both decorative and plain.


Abstract Background: Male hypogonadism is characterized by androgen deficiency in the body. Several studies have shown that testosterone deficiency is inducing a metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Although of the unwanted effects of exogenous testosterone replacement therapy, it is the main treatment of male hypogonadism. One of the safe treatment options is Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) replacement therapy which is the precursor of testosterone. Up to date and to the best of our knowledge, no one investigates the effect of DHEA on glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme in a rat model of male hypogonadism and its impact on the metabolic dys-function. Aim of Study: The aim of the research is to investigate the possible protective effect of DHEA on hepatic and meta-bolic dysfunction in a rate model of male hypogonadism through examining its effect on glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme. Moreover, it studies the possible therapeutic effects of the male androgen (DHEA) on the hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance triggered by testosterone deficiency. Material and Methods: Thirty-two Wistar Kyoto rats were divided into 4 groups as follows (I) Untreated controls, (II) Untreated orchidectomized, (III) Control, treated with DHEA and (IV) Orchidectomized, treated with DHEA. Treatment was carried three times per week for 12 weeks. Cobas c111, Roche diagnostic, USA machine was used to measure the level of the glucose, liver enzymes and lipid profile. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to measure the plasma level of testosterone hormone, insulin and glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme. Results: As expected, the plasma testosterone decreased significantly in ORCH rats, with significant increase in glucose, lipid profile as well as significant decrease in insulin as compared to control rats. Moreover, our data revealed insig-nificant increases in plasma testosterone in ORCH + DHEA with significant increase in ORCH + DHEA compared to control + DHEA. DHEA did not significantly affect G-6-Pase enzyme. Also, ORCH shows significant increase in triglyceride and cholesterol as well as the ORCH + DHEA.Conclusion: Testosterone deficiency and DHEA replace-ment therapy have no effects on glucose 6-phosphatase enzyme. Male hypogonadism is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome and NAFLD that could not be treated effectively with DHEA.


Address for Correspondence: Dr. Krishna Gopal, Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sri Guru Ram Rai Medical College and Hospital, Patel Nagar, Dehradun. Uttaranchal, India. E-Mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Introduction: The scapula (shoulder blade) is a triangular flat bone that lies on the posterolateral aspect of the thorax. The scapula bears various angles namely superior, inferior, lateral, medial, acromial and coracoid angle. The three borders meet strategically to form the referenced three angles (lateral, superior, and inferior. Its lateral angle, truncated and broad, bears the glenoid cavity which articulates with the head of the humerus at the glenohumeral joint. The morphology of the glenoid cavity is highly variable. The glenoid rim presents a notch in its upper and front part Materials and Methods: This study included thorough observation of 120 dry human scapulae, 67 from left side and 53 from right side, obtained from department of Anatomy, Sri Guru Ram Rai Institute of medical and health sciences Dehradun following standard guidelines. All the metric and non metric parameters were observed and recorded in tabulated form. Results: The mean length of scapula of left side was observed as 127.35±12.35 and right side was 128.10±11.21.The total mean value for length of scapula was noted as 130.21±12.65 . The mean breadth of scapula was recorded as 96.98±7.62mm. The mean value of scapular index was listed as 68.47±3.98 . The mean of infraspinous length was recorded as 99.14±9.54 and the infraspinous index was 99.65±8.32.The mean AP glenoid diameter 1 was 24.54±2.65mm, the mean AP glenoid diameter 2 was 16.56±2.45mm and the mean AP glenoid diameter 3 was 17.09±2.75 The shape of the glenoid cavity was recorded as type 1(oval) 17.50%, Type2 (pear) 48.14%, Type3(inverted coma) and Type4(other). Conclusion: To summarize, the present study provides a base line data of different scapular dimensions on the left and right sides. Knowledge of the measurements and indices of various parameters of scapula such as length, width and various parameters of glenoid cavity can be used for comparative anatomy and also for defining the race.


subject of religion and music, as applied to public education, has not attracted the proper research it warrants. The ecumenical movements of our age seek not only to establish better tolerance of religious ideas and beliefs, but also to expand interest in and understanding of one another's positions. Responsible music educators, concerned with both Constitutional legalities and musical values, are raising a variety of rather perceptive questions that pertain in large measure to Jewish outlooks and the Judaic-Christian heritage. What are the roots of the Jewish objections in sacred music? What is the advisable role of education in the


Two methods were used to separating the antimicrobial peptides after the abduction from young Chelydra serpentina and the rough extract of antimicrobial peptides with bioactivity were extracted successfully in 5% acetic acid.The production capability from Chelydra serpentina and the antimicrobial effects were studied.


Traditionally, digital voice-band systems have employed either uniform, $\mu$-law, or A-law encoding. The compressive characteristics of $\mu$-law or A-law encoding result in an economical data representation while not impairing perception. However, if signal processing functions, most of which involve linear operations, are to be performed directly on the digital signals then it has been necessary, before processing, to convert the log-PCM data into a linear format. Motivated by the need for low-power analog interfaces to provide data to several special-purpose logarithmic digital signal processors currently under development, this dissertation explores the properties of sign/logarithm encoding. This allows special-purpose processors to perform operations directly on the logarithmically encoded data.
Moreover, it is shown that this approach results in performance quite similar to that exhibited by traditional compandors. Quantization noise characteristics for the case of a finite word length are derived. Also, the effects upon system performance when input signals possess a non-zero mean are presented. Performance degradation due to harmonic distortion, introduced by mismatches in the logarithm base among different subsystems, are quantified. Simple, power-efficient converters are then proposed based upon the switched-capacitor equivalent of a parallel RC network and factoring of the digital data. The effects of nonidealities in the active and passive components on coder performance are also established.
In order to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed encoder-decoder, the design of an experimental Analog Interface Processor (AIP) for use in a Digital Hearing Aid (DHA) is described. This experimental prototype includes, in addition to the data conversion circuits, an anti-aliasing filter, a low-noise preamplifier, and several spectral shaping circuits. Finally, experimental data obtained from circuits fabricated in a standard 2 $\mu$m, bulk CMOS, double-poly process are presented. The AIP, when completed, is estimated to consume approximately 500 microwatts and occupy an area of only 16 mm$\sp2.$


ARRIN MAESCHA PUTRI. Comparative Study of ARIMA, ARIMAX, and SARIMA Based on Simulation Data. Supervised by KUSMAN SADIK and ERFIANI. Time series data is a series of observations based on a time sequence that has a correlation with the variable itself known as self regression. The aim of this research is to compare Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Exogenous (ARIMAX), and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) on data with deterministic trends and additive patterns. Based on the average of Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) accuracy test on data sets with small and big beta parameters, it was found that 66.67% stated that SARIMA is better used in the data. Based on the average Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) obtained 100%, it is found that SARIMA is more appropriate to use than ARIMA and ARIMAX. Percentages in every data sets also show that SARIMA is the best model for data with deterministic trends and repetitive patterns of additives.


The invention discloses a forged steel rubber and plastic calendar roller and a heat treatment method thereof. The roller comprises, by weight percentage, 0.50%-0.75% of C, 0.40%-0.80% of Si, 0.60%-0.90% of Mn, not larger than 0.025% of P, not larger than 0.025% of S, 2.50%-3.50% of Cr, 0.30%-0.50% of Mo, 0.05%-0.15% of V and the balance Fe and inevitable impurities. According to the forged steel rubber and plastic calendar roller and the heat treatment method, the medium-frequency induction quenching technology is adopted, the heating speed is high, the quenching temperature is high, and weer and more even textures are obtained on the surface of the roller; and meanwhile, in cooperation with the movement speed during roller quenching, the heating time is controlled to obtain the shallow quenching layer thickness, and the machining performance of an inner layer is guaranteed.


At the climax of his great chapter on the resurrection Paul utters these unforgettable words: "Behold, I show you a mystery; we shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed" (I Corinthians 15.5 1 f., A.V.). Paul clearly had a definite programme for the future. It is equally clearly a Jewish programme, very different from the ideas about the future which the Corinthian converts from paganism had previously known. Paul here presupposes a concept of the coming of God, or of his messianic representative, for a day of judgment following a general resurrection, which was common in Jewish apocalyptic eschatology, but completely foreign to the Greeks. According to Acts 17.32, when Paul set these ideas before the Athenians they mainly scoffed at him. On the other hand, writing to the converts in Thessalonica at the time of his visit to Athens, Paul commends them because they "turned to God from idols, to serve a living and true God, and to wait for his Son from heaven, whom he raised from the dead, Jesus who delivers us from the wrath to come" (I Thessalonians 1.9f.). Thus their allegiance to Christ entails service of God in place of the pagan gods, but it also carries with it the expectation of the parousia, the coming of Christ himself at the time of the future judgment. In a recent study of Paul's theology, J.C.Beker has pointed out the striking fact that Paul resolutely refused to place the Gentile converts under the yoke of the Jewish Law, but at the same time insisted that they should accept the current Jewish apocalyptic


Normally the preposition complement is made up of a noun or a noun equivalent.However it is widely agreed that both"that" clause and the infinitive,which always function as a noun,can not take the part of the preposition complement.This paper argues that,on the basis of practical use of the English language,both can be complement of certain prepositions.It also points out that under certain circumstances an adjective,an adverb,and even the past participle of a verb can function as the preposition complement.


The primary objective of the this paper is to investigate the process of convergence/divergence of the member states of the European Union taking into consideration the high degree of heterogeneity that characterizes these economies. On the one hand, there are the western economies with a high level of development and increased values associated with the GDP/capita variable, and on the other hand, we have the Central and Eastern economies which are emerging economies with markets that are characterized by a high level of volatility. Moreover from the 28 member states of the European Union, 19 countries currently use the euro as their national currency, Denmark and reat Britain benefit from the opt–out clause and the remaining seven countries are orientating their strategies towards achieving the euro zone membership. This paper focuses upon some contemporary aspects regarding the evolution of economic governance indicators as triggering factors for the process of convergence/divergence between the member states of the European Union. In recent years, achieving a sustainable degree of convergence has constituted one of the primary objectives of the national and the supra-national institutions in the economic governance area.