The bleeding phenotype of von Willebrand disease (VWD) varies highly between patients and can only partly be explained by von Willebrand factor (VWF) parameters. By cleaving large VWF multimers into smaller, less active multimers, ADAMTS‐13 is an important regulator of VWF activity. However, it is unknown what the role of ADAMTS‐13 is in individuals with VWD.


The sampling distribution (SD) is a foundational concept in statistics, and simulations of repeated sampling can be helpful to understanding them. However, it is possible for simulations to be misleading and it is important for research to identify possible pitfalls in order to use simulations most effectively. In this study, we report on a key misconception students had about SDs that we call the "multi-sample distribution." In this misconception, students came to believe that a SD was composed of multiple samples, instead of all possible samples, and that the SD must be constructed by literally taking multiple samples, instead of existing theoretically. We also discuss possible origins of this misconception in connection with simulations, as well as how some students appeared to resolve this misconception.


Meltblown submicron fibre filter media has been produced at a production rate of a few orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional single syringe electrospinning. Fibres are produced while varying the air pressure and die-to-collector distance (DCD). The submicron fibres are about 240 nm in diameter. The average fibre diameter of the submicron fibre nonwoven filters media decreases with increasing DCD and air pressure. The average fibre diameter of each sample is indirectly related to the hydrohead and filtration efficiency, but is directly related to the pore size. The quality factors improve slightly for samples produced at a greater DCD, whereas the quality factors for the media decrease slightly for samples produced at a higher air pressure. The average fibre diameter is related to the hydrohead, filtration efficiency, and pore size. The sample MSFM6 is found to have the smallest average fibre diameter and the highest filtration efficiency. The filtration efficiency of different submicron fibre nonwoven media samples improve with increasing DCD or air pressure. The use of nanofibrous media has proved to be a good way to filter out submicron-sized particles.


In order to guarantee the new Soviet Russia's sovereign power,in 1920 s,Bukharin,who was praised by Lenin as an outstanding Marxist,put "eliminating the opposite to proletarian dictatorship". He regarded the enormous complex bureaucracy and its administrative expenses and all kinds of bureaucracy as the opposite to proletarian dictatorship,it is the most political danger to the Communist Party which is in power. In order to eliminate it,the Communist Party in power should explore the new ways to control and improve party management from both organization and culture sides,increase the capability of governing the nation,strengthen socialist democracy and encourage democratic participation,guarantee the people to exercise their rights as the masters of the country by the law. Bukharin's thoughts give us enlightenment on having a good grasp of and thoroughly carrying out the"Comprehensively Strengthen Party Discipline".


The prooestrous uterine bleeding of dogs and menstruation of primates have been considered by some physiologists to be very similar and to represent in 2 classes of mammals the result of similar causative factors. (Heape, 1 Marshall. 2 ) We have obtained data from experiments conducted on dogs which we believe strongly indicate that the prooestrous bleeding of the dog is not homologous with the menstruation of primates. The evidence for this belief is as follows: (1) Ovariectomy of 5 dogs in the metoestrous phase did not result in external or profuse microscopical bleeding. In all 5 cases microscopical bleeding occurred as early as the 7th day and as late as the 16th day after ovariectomy. This bleeding was only of one or 2 days' duration. No external or microscopical bleeding was observed after ovariectomy of one immature dog and one dog in oestrus. Ovariectomy of monkeys results in external bleeding of about the same quantity as that seen at the normal menstrual period. (E. Allen 3 ; Morrel et al 4 ; Saiki, in press.) (2) Injection of alkaline extracts of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis 22 which contained the gonad stimulating hormones into 2 dogs with ovaries intact resulted in external bleeding during the period of injection. This bleeding stopped soon after the injections had been discontinued. In monkeys profuse microscopical or external bleeding does not occur during the injection period. A latent period of some days intervenes between the cessation of injection and the appearance of blood. (Hartman 5 ; Saiki, in press.) (3) Control experiments in which castrated dogs were injected with quantities of the anterior lobe extracts sufficient to produce external bleeding in the intact animal did not result in profuse microscopical or external bleeding.


Objective
To study the clinical features and prognosis of the children with refractory or relapsed Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH) treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT).

Methods
Retrospective analysis was performed on 4 patients with refractory or relapsed LCH who underwent allogeneic HSCT in Department of Hematology and Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, from March 2008 to March 2011.

Results
Four cases(1 boy and 3 girls, median age at HSCT of 24.5 months, range 5-49 months) were diagnosed with refractory or relapsed LCH.One patient received his father's peripheral blood for the second haploidentical transplantation, because of early rejection after the first HSCT of matched unrelated cord blood.The other three patients received haploidentical maternal HSCT.The conditioning regimen was composed of Cyclophosphamide+ Busulfan+ Etoposide+ Fludarabine.The graft-versus-host disease(GVHD) prophylaxis was based on Cyclosporine+ Anti-thymocyte-globulin/Anti-lymphocyte-globulin+ Methotrexate+ Mycophenolate-mofetil+ CD25 antibody.Median time for neutrophil engraftment was 11 days(8-42 d). The patients were followed up from 62 days to 58 months.Acute GVHD Ⅳ degree was observed in 3 patients, Ⅱ degree GVHD in 1 patient.Two patients died of serious acute GVHD.

Conclusions
Allogeneic HSCT, especially haploidentical HSCT, represents an important salvage approach for the patients with refractory or relapsed LCH who lack a well-matched donor.The key points for reduction of transplantation-related mortality include transplanting earlier with no organ dysfunction, strong control of GVHD as well as effective supportive treatment.

Key words:
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Refractory or relapse; Langerhans cell histio-cytosis; Child


The study was to investigate college pupil, 258, who register and major in physical education class at second semester 1992 in NKIT, after 12 weeks 800 meter running, warm up, before doing physical exercise period. These subjects have been tested1600m running on the 13th week, so as to understand his condition and fitness, by the way, caculating the correlation between BMI(Body Mass Index)and 1600m running performance. The subjects were 16 to 19 years old, height 1.70(M)±0.05, weight 61.68(KG)±8.80, BMI 21.23±2.66, (max 32.01 and min 15.43). The one mile (1600M) running performance was 8:15'36±1:09'28, (max 12:56'10 and min 5:03'47). The correlation between BMI and running performance was r=.15(p<.05). The conclusion is that the BMI index and 1600m running performance have the lower correlation.


I n ''Legal Constraints on Supreme Court Decision Making: Do Jurisprudential Regimes Exist?'', we explored whether one can say that jurisprudential regime change occurred in Supreme Court decision making—whether key legal precedents led to changes in how justices voted. We found that the standard test, a Chow test of coefficient change, used in Kritzer and Richards's research design, is strikingly overconfident in finding that a change has occurred in voting across cases before and after the precedent. Rather than making a Type-1 error of finding regime change when none exists 5% of the time, the test does so sometimes close to 100% of the time, even though the data has been randomly shuffled so that no systematic difference can exist between the before and after cases. We appreciate Kritzer and Richards's openmindedness about our inquiry into their findings and are grateful for their thoughtful responses (now and while we worked on our original paper). We also appreciate the opportunity to clarify our findings, respond to their arguments (old and new), and to present supplemental results that answer, we hope, the questions they raised. Kritzer and Richards state that our paper focuses on only one of the three prongs of their argument, the significance test of regime change, whereas they now clarify that the second and third elements are actually of great (greater?) importance. They have also supplemented their findings with a more sophisticated test of regime change. We discuss each of these three components, including their new statistical evidence, below.


Statistical analysis of inventory data has been widely used to investigate the behavior of demand, the order execution and the delivery data in business industry. The analysis benefits the supplier in many ways. This study focuses on statistical analysis of spare part management of Water Purifier's electronic modules. The challenge of this demand prediction is that the electronic modules have random failure as well as an uncertain delivery lead time and delivery quantity. Without implementing the ERP system, the spare part ordering policy is an intuitive-based order. The present study investigates the suitable forecasting method for electronic module in after-Sales service department in Thailand. A study of probability distribution is incorporate in order to define sample probability distribution of uncertain delivery lead time and quantity. The new ordering policy based on a defined probability distribution is proposed to facilitate the elimination of intuitive-based ordering system, minimize the stock level, and improve the inventory management and control strategy. The results with real inventory data showed that our proposed policy achieved satisfactory stock level as well as significantly reduce inventory cost while maintain a high customer service level.


Railway operators adjust timetables and reschedule rolling stock operation plans and crew duties accordingly when operations are disrupted. This paper discusses the problem of rescheduling driver assignment to freight trains after timetable adjustment has been completed. The problem is modeled as an integer programming problem with set-covering constraints, and it is solved using the column generation technique. Numerical experiments using real data have revealed that the method can provide a quality driver-rescheduling plan within an acceptable computing time.


The invention discloses an operation, administration and maintenance (OAM) message processing method and an OAM message processing device. The method comprises the following steps of: resolving a received message, determining the message is an OAM message, and acquiring the encapsulation information of a connectivity fault management (CFM) message corresponding to the OAM message; and restructuring the OAM message according to the encapsulation information into the CFM message. By the technical scheme provided by the invention, the reception of tunnel-and-pseudo-wire-related OAM message in a multi-protocol label switching-transport profile (MPLS-TP) is realized, the consumption of system resources is reduced, and the system processing complexity is reduced.


Alfalfa hay production in Arizona is concentrated in two counties -Maricopa and Yuma --where 78 percent of the crop was produced in 1977 (see Table 1). In 1977 Arizona produced 1.365 million tons of alfalfa hay on 210,000 acres for an average yield of 6.5 tons per acre. Comparing 1977 data with that for the 1972 -76 period average, acreage remained stable and the yield per acre increased slightly from 6.4 tons to 6.5 tons.


Tramadol is an analgesic that inhibits norepinephrine (NE) reuptake. Although NE released from renal sympathetic nerves causes renal hypoperfusion, the effects of tramadol on renal hemodynamics have not been well characterized. We investigated the effects of tramadol on renal blood flow (RBF), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) by using a laser Doppler flowmeter, both in normal anesthetized rats and in rats with experimentally-induced nephritis secondary to anti-Thy 1.1 antibody administration. We also studied the effects of tramadol on serum NE levels. Tramadol increased MAP and decreased HR without changing RBF in normal rats at clinical doses. Serum NE levels increased up to 176% of control after a 2 mg/kg bolus injection of tramadol. Continuously infused, increasing doses of tramadol (0.5–4 mg · kg−1 · h−1) did not affect MAP, HR, or RBF. Tramadol also increased MAP and decreased HR without changing RBF in rats with experimentally induced renal insufficiency. These findings suggest that a bolus injection of tramadol does not alter RBF, although it causes a decrease in HR and an increase in MAP and serum NE in both normal rats and in rats with renal insufficiency. These results suggest that tramadol may have little effect on RBF during the postoperative period.


An exact Green's function is presented for radially symmetric waves in cylindrically inhomogeneous anisotropic solids. It is found that the wave which passed through the center (coordinate origin) looses the logarithmic singularity at its front, when a material parameter is a half of odd integer. Further, the time‐harmonic Green's function is derived. It is also found that the wave nature of the Green's function vanishes when the wave velocity is a linear function of the radial distance.


1. Extracts of the cortex and the medulla of fresh kidneys from pigs, sheep and dogs were analysed for the presence of acid mucopolysaccharides.


Sustainable Urban Planning has to be understood as a communicative process connecting city architecture, technology, city district management and social infrastructure of neighbourhoods. The focus on sustainability raises the question of the necessary discourse conditions that allow architects and city planners enter into a dialogue with other urban stakeholders, citizens, local administrators and politicians, and discuss which cultural heritage should be preserved and where sustainability takes precedence. Looking at the style of discourse in urban communication brings also its socio-cultural modalities into focus. At the intersection of communication and discourse studies, urban ecology and sociology, the article focuses on the growing interest in architectural communication and, taking current approaches as a starting point, seeks to clarify which conversational maxims and discourse requirements by mediation, moderation, and integration are promising for achieving a new urban quality.


Background/ Objective: University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram ( 8.5◦N ,77◦E, dip 0.5◦N ) in India had a lively Space Physics research group since 1982, owing to proximity of the location to the geomagnetic dip equator. In 1982, a single frequency HF Doppler radar, operational at 5.5 MHz was installed in the University which provided many invaluable scientific results regarding the night time ionospheric F region. In 2003, it was upgraded to a new multifrequency HF Doppler Radar thereby enabling detailed examination of vertical plasma drift measurements at three different altitudes of F-region, in a nearsimultaneous manner. Methods: This study is basically a brief review of major results of F –region electrodynamics over Indian longitudinal sector obtained exclusively using HF Radar data. Findings: This review brings all the scientific results obtained using HF Radar about vertical drift studies over equatorial latitude and found that nearly about 40 research papers have been published in reputed national and international journals using the Radar data. Novelty: In a complementary point of view, this gives an opportunity to revisit and remember the important contributions of many of the earlier Indian scientists, who enriched ionospheric science using this unique facility.
Keywords: HF Doppler Radar; Ionosphere; Vertical drift


OBJECTIVE
To explore the relationship between ABCC11 gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the incidence of axillary osmidrosis in Chinese Han population.

METHODS
The genotype of ABCC11 gene SNP at rs17822931 in 40 patients with axillary osmidrosis and 5 normal Han people was detected and analyzed by high resolution melt and gene sequencing.

RESULTS
The detection of the genotype of ABCC11 gene SNP at rs17822931 showed that: 37 of the 40 patients were GA genotype and the other 3 were GG genotype, while the 5 normal subjects were AA genotype.

CONCLUSION
SNP in ABCC11 is the genetic cause of axillary osmidrosis. GG or GA leads to axillary osmidrosis, while AA allele presents the absence of axillary osmidrosis.


Objective: To oberve cell apoptosis in adjuvant-induced arthritis(AA)rats. Methods: Three weeks after rats model of AA were induced, cell apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes and knee joint synovium were detected by flow cytometry and TUNEL respectively. Results: Apoptosis of CD3+ cells in Peripheral blood was decreased; apoptosis of CD+4 and CD8+ cells were decreased prominently(P0.05). Apoptosis of knee joint synovium was decreased more seriously(P 0.01). Conclusion: Apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes and knee joint synovium in AA rats were decreased, so raising the level of apoptosis is one functional pathway of drugs.


Objective: The objective of this article is to review the human and veterinary literature and provide evidence for the potential beneficial effects of intravenous (IV) lidocaine hydrochloride in preventing post-ischemic–reperfusion injury, the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and subsequent multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).

Human data synthesis: Lidocaine is a local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic agent that has been used for years in human and veterinary medicine for the treatment of ventricular dysrhythmias associated with blunt cardiac trauma, myocardial ischemia, and cardiac surgery. More recently, the drug has been touted as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and has been used to prevent reperfusion dysrhythmias after treatment of myocardial infarction, cross-clamping of the aorta, and in trauma medicine.

Veterinary data synthesis: Although no clinical experiments with prophylactic intravenous lidocaine exist in veterinary medicine, there is a large body of evidence from experimental animals that support the use of lidocaine as a Na+/Ca2+ channel blocker, superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenger, inflammatory modulator, and potent inhibitor of granulocyte functions. Lidocaine is being used in some clinical situations in an attempt to prevent the SIRS in veterinary trauma patients.a,b

Conclusions: A large body of experimental evidence exists supporting the use of lidocaine as an anti-oxidant and inflammatory modulator useful in preventing reperfusion injury. With the lack of cost-effective and safe treatments for reperfusion injury in veterinary and human trauma medicine, the use of IV lidocaine to prevent the ensuing inflammatory response and MODS makes it an attractive addition to existing treatments. Therefore, it is essential that prospective clinical trials involving lidocaine as a treatment for prevention of reperfusion injury be performed in companion animals to demonstrate its safety and efficacy.


This paper presents a modified IPMSM model suitable for use with carrier-signal-injection-based sensorless methods. The suggested model includes magnet saturation of both d- and q- axis and cross-coupling which all result in more accurate description of high frequency test signal propagation. The model is verified by comparing experimental results of a sensorless method based on HF test signal with simulation results from standard and modified model.


The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are initiated and sustained by self-renewing stem cells. We performed transcriptomal profiling of purified MDS hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and identified CD99 as a highly expressed cell surface transcript. Flow cytometry of MDS patient bone marrow (BM) samples (n=63) confirmed that CD99 is frequently increased on MDS HSCs (85%). Assessment of 78 paired diagnosis/relapse AML specimens revealed that CD99 is also frequently overexpressed in AML at diagnosis (81%) and relapse (83%). CD99 is a potential leukemic stem cell (LSC) marker, as CD99 high cells exhibit a CD34+CD38-CD90-CD45RA+ LMPP-like immunophenotype, previously shown to be enriched for LSC activity, whereas CD99 low cells exhibit a CD34+CD38-CD45RA- phenotype resembling normal HSCs and MPPs.

Providing additional support that CD99 is a LSC marker in AML, CD99 surface expression is significantly higher in the LSC-enriched CD34+CD38- fraction compared to bulk blasts (p=0.003), as well as in relapsed as compared to diagnostic specimens (p=0.007). To determine if CD99 is preferentially expressed on functional LSCs, we purified the top 10% and bottom 10% of CD99 expressing leukemic blasts from the CD34+CD38-CD90-CD45RA+ fraction of a primary AML specimen. Limiting dilution xenotransplantation experiments demonstrated an estimated LSC frequency of 1 in 24,401 in the top 10% of CD99 expressors, whereas transplantation of up to 360,000 of the bottom 10% of CD99 expressors did not lead to any engraftment. Thus, within the LMPP-like LSC-enriched compartment, LSC activity appears to be restricted to high CD99 expressors.

To determine the function of CD99 in AML, we stably transduced MOLM13 AML cells with a CD99 shRNA (8.0-fold knockdown) and xenografted them into NSG mice. Animals transplanted with these cells showed improved survival compared to vector controls (58d vs. 34d, p=0.02). Consistent with its described role in leukocyte trafficking, overexpression of CD99 in AML cell lines promoted transendothelial migration in transwell assays. In primary AML specimens, CD99 expression was higher on PB as compared with BM specimens (p=0.03). Together, these findings suggest that CD99 may promote AML aggressiveness by enhancing transendothelial migration and mobilization.

Unexpectedly, CD99 transcript expression in the ECOG 1900 AML patient cohort (n=308) positively correlated with survival (p=0.001). We propose that CD99 may improve survival in the context of chemotherapy by promoting mobilization and thus chemosensitivity of AML cells, and AML cells with low levels of CD99 may exhibit increased retention in chemoprotective BM niches. In line with this hypothesis, the poor prognosis of low CD99 expression appeared to be mitigated by intensification of chemotherapy.

To determine whether CD99 may be a relevant therapeutic target, we tested the ability of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against CD99 to induce direct cytotoxicity in vitro . Anti-CD99 mAbs induced significant cell death in 11 AML and two MDS-derived cell lines, as well as in primary AML blasts (n=7) and MDS HSCs/CD34+ cells (n=3). These mAbs induced cytotoxicity in a CDC and ADCC independent manner, with relative sparing of normal cells expressing low levels of CD99 such as primary human HSCs and endothelial cells, suggesting a mechanism of cytotoxicity unique to AML and MDS. Pre-coating of primary human LSCs with an anti-CD99 mAb prior to transplantation into NSG mice led to impaired engraftment at eight weeks (20% vs. 67%, p=0.009) and improved survival (p=0.05). Immunofluorescence imaging demonstrated that mAb ligation promotes clustering of CD99, and this clustering appears to be critical for cytotoxicity. Accordingly, cross-linking of IgG isotype anti-CD99 mAbs with an anti-IgG secondary antibody enhanced cytotoxicity 3.4-fold. Anti-CD99 mAb treatment was also associated with activation of Src-family kinases, and we propose that anti-CD99 mAbs may promote cytotoxicity by inducing oncogenic stress via dysregulated Src-family kinase activation.

Our results establish CD99 as a cell surface marker expressed in AML and MDS stem cells, as a mediator of transendothelial migration, and as a promising therapeutic target for direct targeting by mAbs. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential of targeting CD99 in AML/MDS in vivo and to further characterize the mechanisms of CD99 mediated cell death.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


much interest in exploitation. This does not mean that these people or their ideas are nonpolitical, however. When Keynes, Parsons, and Levi-Strauss say nothing about exploitation, this merely removes it from the pages of professional journals, but to say that a category which occupies no professional space has no real existence is surely stretching things a bit. It is not the case that people like Rubenstein and myself are politically motivated, as opposed to George Dalton, Talcott Parsons, et al. who are "objective" or "scientific." When one looks at exploitation and denies that it exists, one is certainly taking a side, the side of the exploiter. I emphatically reject the view expressed by Geertz (1964) that science seeks to analyze situations, and that any expression which seeks to motivate action comes under the heading of "ideology." People who deny that exploitation is real are seeking to motivate others; they are encouraging them to sit by while exploitation goes on. The calmness with which they normally express their findings probably results from their satisfaction with the status quo (while the shrillness of the opposition derives from their dislike of the present social structure). Both positions are equally ideological. This does not mean that either of them is unscientific. Good science is objective; it tells the truth. Objectivity has nothing to do with neutrality, however; neutrality refers to one's feelings about the data (cancer research is hardly "neutral"). I hope we can tell the truth no matter how we feel about the facts.


Ulva rigida is a worldwide distributed green alga and is commenly used for human nutrition. Extracts of this seaweed were shown anti-hypercholestierinemic, antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activities. The antioxidant effect was often ascribed to the presence of a huge amount of polyphenols. The aim of this study was to characterise by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) the phenolic molecules present in extracts obtained from U. rigida. The antioxidant activities of different extracts were evaluated in vitro by DPPH assay and on HeLa cells culture. Original Research Article Mezghani et al; EJMP, 12(1): 1-9, 2016; Article no.EJMP.22935 2


ROPANIDID, a new intravenous anesthetic sary to provide a more satisfactory induction P of the eugenol group, lacks many of the agent with rapid recovery. disadvantagesof the barbiturates in anesthesia, such as slow recovery after short p r e cedures; the series, pentobarbital, hexobarbital, thiopental, and methohexital indicates the direction of research into shorter-acting agents while still preserving reliability. The basic difficulty in termination of anesthesia with the barbiturates is due mainly to uptake in the tissues rather than detoxification in the first instance. This means that there is always a "hangover," as the drug is liberated into the circulation from the fat and muscle.


The development and evaluation of methods for detecting potentially biased items or differentially functioning items (DIF) is a critical area of research for psychometricians because of the negative impact of biased items on test validity. The purposes of this paper were (1) to provide a summary of our twelve years of DIF research at the University of Massachusetts pursuing, principally, IRT-based and Mantel-Haenszel DIF detection methods, and (2) to offer a set of guidelines for conducting DIF studies based upon our research


In the framework of work on optimization of the process for the preparation of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid imidates hydrochlorides by the Pinner reaction, the effect of excess alcohol and temperature on the reaction rate and product yield was studied. It was found that the optimal process conditions are the following: the ratio of reagents: 3-phenoxybenzonitrile: alcohol = 1: 2 ÷ 3, temperature range 15-40 0 C with continuous supply of hydrogen chloride. It is proved that under these conditions there is no formation of by-products. An effective method for the preparation of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid imidate hydrochlorides has been developed, an optimal design of a periodic reactor has been proposed, which ensures a high process speed and the yield of the obtained hydrochlorides of imidates of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid of at least 95%. The authors developed a principle technological scheme that provides optimal conditions for the process and the maximum yield of the targeted products. The hydrochlorides of imidates of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid are biologically active substances, which explains the interest in finding the optimal parameters for the synthesis process, namely, reducing the reaction time and increasing the yield of the desired product.


The current Quaternary glaciers in China only distribute on the high mountains surrounding the Tibetan Plateau in the west of 105°E. In the east of 105°E, glaciers only exist in Taibai Mountain, Changbai Mountain, and Snow Mountain and Yushan Mountain in Taiwan. Whether the Quaternary glaciation reached the lower elevation foothills and uplands in the east of 105°E is usually causing intense disputations among the researchers. This discovery of the glacier deposits in the Shuimogou areas of the Daqing Shan Mountain has provided confident evidence that the glaciers did cover the lower elevation hill ranges during the late Quaternary glaciation. Daqing Shan Mountain is located in the middle part of the Yinshan Mountain, Inner Mongolia. The highest peak is 2200 m above see-level. Remote sensing images indicate that there are two glacier eroded depressions within the Shuimogou valley. In the northern depression, the glacier deposits distribute around 500 m in NS direction and 400 m in EW direction and overlap the Proterozoic marble. The glacial deposits are mainly brownish red tillites composed with 60% sandy mud and 40% pebbles. There is no clear bedding within these morainic sediments. Pebbles have poor sorting, well rounding, and are cemented by mud and muddy sand. The major components of the pebbles are granite, gneiss, diabase, plagio-amphibolite. No underlying Proterozoic marble pebble has been found in the tillites, so the tillite components should experience long-distance transportation from their source regions. The pebbles have following characters: (1) the smooth pebble surface is coated with brownish red iron jacket; (2) the glacial striae on the pebble surface show random directions; (3) on all of outcrops, almost all pebbles with the size larger than 10 cm show the fractures of the strong extensional twisted shear deformation. The presence of intensive twisted pebbles distributing in the loose sediments indicates that the pebbles must be deformed during their transportation-glacier movement. During the outcrop creep of the glacier, the shearing force from the squirming of the ice tore the pebbles and created the pebble deformation. The tillites are covered by the landslides from nearby hill slopes and the flood deposits. A 0.5 cm thick of dark gray mud bed is interlayering within the middle of the flood deposits. The clays in the mud have been sampled for 14 C-AMS age dating (DQS04-1). The age dating was performed in Beta laboratory. The 14 C age was corrected by 2σ and the results are 13565 to 13440 cal a BP. This result indicates that the morainic debris deposited before 13.5 ka. These Daqing Shan tillites should form from the latest Quaternary glaciation. The identification of these glacier deposits proved the existence of Quaternary glacier in the foothill and highland area, east of the 105°E longitude around the 41°N latitude region. This discovery has significant importance for the study of geological history in this region and shines a light on the research of the climate evolution in East Asia and the Quaternary environment change in China.


In the last three decades, ample empirical studies have reported the significant association between customer satisfaction, customer complaints and customer loyalty in retail banking. However, the findings of such studies are far from conclusive. Initially, interviews and extensive literature review were undertaken to understand the linkages among the constructs. Anecdotal and empirical evidence indicate direct associations between the independent, mediating and the dependent variables. But, the intervening effect of service recovery is neglected by past studies. Thus, this conceptual paper proposes the mediation effect of service recovery on the relationship between customer complaints and customer loyalty in retail bankin. The insights provided by this paper can assist bank managers in addressing the issues of customer switching and loyalty erosion that embattle the banking industry.


ABSTRACT Freight on Transit (FOT) refers to an operational strategy where public transit vehicles and/or infrastructure are used to move freight. Examples include moving goods alongside passengers on buses, attaching cargo trailers to transit vehicles, and operating freight vehicles between trains on subway lines. This paper describes the methods and results of a three-round Delphi study engaging 34 transportation experts to explore challenges and opportunities of FOT and to conceptualize and evaluate potential FOT operations in Toronto. Traditional Delphi methods were used for the exploration of FOT challenges and opportunities, and a modified approach was formulated to integrate experts' opinions and develop new FOT concepts for Toronto. The results support previous claims that technical challenges of FOT may be easier to overcome than institutional barriers. Evaluation of potential FOT operating strategies in Toronto suggests that while the current public transit network does not have capacity to support additional movements, there may be realistic opportunities to include freight service in future projects as a means of offsetting operating costs and reducing the impacts of goods movements.


Our previous work developed an online learning Bayesian framework (dynamic tree) for data organization and clustering. To continuously adapt the system during operation, we concurrently seek to perform outlier detection to prevent them from incorrectly modifying the system. We propose a new Bayesian surprise metric to differentiate outliers from the training data and thus help to selectively adapt the model parameters. The metric is calculated based on the difference between the prior and the posterior distributions on the model when a new sample is introduced. A good training datum would sufficiently but not excessively change the model; consequently, the difference between the prior and the posterior distributions would be reasonable to the amount of new information present on the datum. However, an outlier carries an element of surprise that would significantly change the model. In such a case, the posterior distribution would greatly differ from the prior resulting in a large value for the surprise metric. We categorize this datum as an outlier and other means (e.g. human operator) will have to be used to handle such cases. The surprise metric is calculated based on the model distribution, and as such, it adapts with the model. The surprise factor is dependent on the state of the system. This speeds up the learning process by considering only the relevant new data. Both the model parameters and even the structure of the dynamic tree can be updated under this approach.


Abstract : At present, all forward windscreens (or canopies) installed on Hud-equipped aircraft are measured to determine their angular deviation, or induced aiming error. Standards have been set to accept only those transparencies which cause little aiming error, and at least one aircraft HUD fire control computer is provided with a means to compensate for the remaining error. This report is a summary of several of the multitudinous methods used to measure angular deviation for most HUD-equipped aircraft, with an explanation of the comparative accuracy of each method when applied to weapons aiming at operational sighting ranges. The advantages and disadvantages of each quality control system are discussed, and an attempt is made to reconcile the values of each system for sighting accuracy comparisons. A recommendation is made for a standardized method of measurement which is relatively error free, and best relates to operational use of the aircraft. (Author)


notes that after the rain, many cascades come to life, streaming down the hanging roots of the banyan tree; and the cascades come to the house too, on a friendly visit, thousands of them, when the rain leaks through the thatched roof. If a serious thought is mirrored in the haiku, it is always with the same deceptive innocence with which the infinite deeps of the sky are mirrored in a small pool. And if a thought about the boundless energy with which life flows past all hurdles, comes to you in reading the poem below, it may be your thought rather than the poet's, for he can say he is just gazing rapt at a mountain stream.


James Alfred Loader, associated with the Universities of Vienna and Pretoria, has contributed a substantial volume to the study of Prov 1 - 9. He has previously written on other areas of the OT, most notably Ecclesiastes. As a part of the Historical Commentary on the Old Testament series, the Proverbs commentary incorporates the reception history of the biblical text. For Proverbs, this limits mainly to medieval and post-medieval Rabbinic literature, along with Christian interpreters of the patristic and Reformation periods. In a 46 page introduction, Loader briefly addresses issues of date, structure, provenance, versions, and a summary of the message and theology of Proverbs. The bulk of the introduction includes four thematic essays on the social setting of wisdom, plus the concepts of order, revelation, and retribution.


for WPSI IV. Joseph Tyler, University of Michigan. At least since Harris (1952), researchers have studied how language is organized above the level of a single sentence. A number of approaches have been proposed, e.g. using semantic and pragmatic information, assessments of social action, and inferences about speaker intentions. But how do we know if a theory captures how speakers mentally represent the structure of discourse? I argue that prosody can help us gain empirical traction on what aspects of discourse structure are in speakers' mental representations. Therefore, this study asks, do speakers communicate discourse structure in their prosody? Breaking down this larger question, what specific features of discourse do speakers encode prosodically? To address these questions, it is necessary first to have a representation of the structure of a discourse and then code that structure in such a way as to make it possible to test for prosodic correlates. In general, discourse theories analyze discourse into segments, relations that link those segments, and some kind of hierarchical structure (Asher & Lascarides, 2003; Grosz & Sidner, 1986; Mann & Thompson, 1988). Segmented Discourse Representation Theory (SDRT), which has not, to my knowledge, been used previously in a study looking for prosodic correlates of discourse, is one theory that has all of these components (segmentation, relations, hierarchy). As a result, discourse as modeled with SDRT can be used to address the following three sub-questions that depend on these components. First, does prosody indicate whether some boundaries between parts of a discourse are small and others large? Second, does prosody indicate whether a segment of the discourse is higher or lower in the overall structure? And third, does prosody distinguish relations linking hierarchically equal segments (coordinating) from relations linking segments at different hierarchical levels (subordinating)? This study uses SDRT to address each of these questions experimentally. The following text is an excerpt from a Wall Street Journal article, segmented according to SDRT (Reese, Denis, Asher, Baldridge, & Hunter, 2007). 40. But the mainstream civil-rights leadership generally avoided the rhetoric of "law and order," 41. regarding it as a code for keeping blacks back. 42. Law and order didn't mean justice, 43. Mr. Jackson used to say, 44. but "just us." 45. In the past, many were hesitant to speak about crime in public 46. because "the larger community would talk about 'lock them up and throw the key away' and hide behind black leaders in doing it," 47. explains Rep. Craig Washington, 48. the Houston Democrat who led the caucus hearing. 49. Now there is escalating discourse within the black community about what it can and must do to stop crime. 50. Just after the new year, Mr. Jackson held the first of several conferences focusing on just that. 51. "The premier civil-rights issue of this day is youth violence in general and black-onblack violence in particular," 52. he has said. Within a full SDRT analysis, the boundary between segments 41 and 42 is smaller than between 48 and 49. Would that different boundary size correlate with prosody? Furthermore, segments 40 and 49 are higher in the overall structure than all of the other segments in this excerpt; would this hierarchical height correlate with prosody? Finally, segments 40 and 49 are linked by a coordinating relation while segments 40 and 45 are linked by a subordinating relation; could this coordinating/subordinating contrast correlate with prosody? To test these questions, this study investigates three specific prosodic measures for how they correlate with discourse structure: the commonly studied measures of pause duration and maximum pitch level (f0max), as well as the little studied measure of minimum pitch level (f0min). All of the questions above are investigated experimentally by having participants read aloud a news article, and then identifying correlations between the prosody of those readings and the article's discourse structure. Results showed that larger boundaries had significantly longer pause durations, while a discourse segment's height in an overall discourse structure did not correlate with any of the prosodic measures. Results also indicated that relations linking hierarchically equal segments and relations linking segments at different hierarchical levels correlated differently with pause duration and f0min but not f0max. The first argument of a subordinating relation tends to have a longer preceding pause and higher f0min than the second argument. By contrast, the two arguments of a coordinating relation tend to have relatively similar pause duration and f0min. As a result, one way of indicating in speech that a discourse segment is subordinated, i.e. at a greater level of detail, appears to be to have a shorter preceding pause and lower f0min than the segment that it is subordinated to. Another notable finding is that f0min correlated differently with coordinating and subordinating relations. This finding is particularly important because prior discourse prosody research has tended to assume f0min does not vary and so has excluded it from its analysis (den Ouden, Noordman, & Terken, 2009; Hirschberg & Grosz, 1992; Pierrehumbert & Hirschberg, 1990). This study's results provide evidence that speakers communicate discourse structure in their prosody. Specifically, speakers use pause duration to indicate the size of a discourse boundary, and they use pause duration and f0min to indicate whether a relation links segments at the same hierarchical level (coordinating relation) or different hierarchical levels (subordinating relation). These correlations provide evidence for the claim that SDRT captures something about how speakers actually represent the structure of discourse. Asher, N., & Lascarides, A. (2003). Logics of Conversation. xxii+526pp, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge U Press. den Ouden, H., Noordman, L., & Terken, J. (2009). Prosodic realizations of global and local structure and rhetorical relations in read aloud news reports. Speech Communication, 51(2), 116-129. Grosz, B., & Sidner, C. (1986). Attention, Intentions, and the Structure of Discourse. Computational Linguistics, 12(3), 175-204. Harris, Z. (1952). Discourse Analysis. Language, 28(1), 1-30. Hirschberg, J., & Grosz, B. (1992). Intonational Features of Local and Global Discourse Structure. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the Speech and Natural Language Workshop. Mann, W. C., & Thompson, S. A. (1988). Rhetorical Structure Theory: Toward a Functional Theory of Text Organization. Text, 8(3), 243-281. Pierrehumbert, J., & Hirschberg, J. (1990). The Meaning of Intonation in the Interpretation of Discourse. In P. Cohen, J. Morgan & M. Pollack (Eds.), Intentions in Communication (pp. 271-311). Cambridge MA: MIT Press. Reese, B., Denis, P., Asher, N., Baldridge, J., & Hunter, J. (2007). Reference Manual for the Analysis and Annotation of Rhetorical Structure.


The title compound, C21H14FNO2, was synthesized by the reaction of 4-fluorobenzaldehyde, 2-naphthylamine and tetronic acid in water under microwave irradiation. The dihydropyridine ring adopts a flattened boat conformation. N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link symmetry-related molecules into a chain along the b axis.


To review the current institutional practice to treat patients with congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (CEPS) and to determine the optimal strategy.


The peculiarities of administrative lawful relations arising in the process of state control for the entrepreneurial activity in the Russian Federation are examined including the existing state of the process, the dynamics of its development and possibilities of improving the mechanism of the state control in the different fields of the Russian entrepreneurship.


Continuous automatic plotting of ventricular function using a parallel hybrid computer By A. J. STRONG, D. E. M. TAYLOR and JOAN S. WHAMOND. Departments of Clinical Surgery and Physiology, University of Edinburgh The usual method of constructing curves of left ventricular function is to plot a measure of initial fibre length, either end diastolic volume or more commonly end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) against either external stroke work [Stroke Work (SW) = Stroke Volume (SV) x Mean Systolic Ejection Pressure (MSEP)] or the maximum rate of rise of ventricular systolic


Introduction. Cadmium (CD) is a heavy metal widely distributed in the environment, when it enters the human body, it leads to the development of various diseases.
The aim of this work was to study the effect of sublethal doses of cadmium chloride on the preimplantation development of mouse embryos in vivo.
Material and methods. During the first three days of pregnancy, female mice were injected with 10 μM cadmium chloride (CdCl2). On the fourth day of the experiment, the embryos were explanted from the uterus and assessed development by the number of morules and blastocysts in each group and the number of blastomeres in the control and exposed embryos.
Results. Embryos exposed to cadmium chloride in utero passed the initial stages of cleavage and blastocyst formation faster than the control embryos. At the blastocyst stage, the rate of cleavage of exposed and control embryos statistically did not differ.
Limitations. The influence of the toxicant was assessed only on preimplantation mice embryos with intraperitoneal administration of the drug to mothers and in a single dose. Studies of mouse embryos at the postimplantation period of development would reveal in more detail the effect of the drug on embryogenesis.
Conclusion. Injections of sublethal doses of cadmium chloride to female mice at the debut of pregnancy force the development of embryos to the blastocyst stage.


The reaction of the evaporated iron, nickel, and palladium with NO was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. On both iron and nickel larger part of NO dissociates to give two or more N(1s) and O(1s) photoelectron peaks which are ascribable to the surface oxide, nitride, and NO species. The proportion of these species is estimated roughly from the intensity ratios of the N(1s) and O(1s) peaks at 15 NO: 65 O: 20 N (iron) and 7 NO: 65 O: 28 N (nickel) when the metals are exposed to 5 Torr of NO gasfor 1 s, and 35 NO: 55 O: 10 N (iron) and 10 NO: 75 O: 15 N (nickel) when exposed to 10 Torr of NO for 10 min. On palladium the N(1s) for chemisorbed NO is observed. The N(1s) binding energies of the surface NO are compared with the N(1s) binding energies and the infrared NO frequencies of the corresponding transition metal nitrosyls.


The degree of oxygen saturation of surface waters in the northeast Pacific Ocean was examined. The large differences observed between winter and summer conditions were related to photosynthesis, warming of the surface waters, and upwelling. The assumption that surface waters are saturated with oxygen, which is invoked when calculating the apparent oxygen utilization, was found to be valid to within a few per cent during the winter.


Science is the foundation of our description of nature and the physical universe. Traditional religions are in fundamental conflict with both scientific cosmology and human survival. Resplendence complements scientific cosmology providing three existential raisons d'etre for humanity as a climax cultural species.


An infective background during pregnancy may have a negative impact on the proper metabolism of the placenta and promote it adaptive compensatory reactions. Typical adaptive compensatory reactions, which realized by terminal NAPs angiomatosis, forming uric syncytial and development of true syncytial capillary membranes were determined in Chlamydia trachomatis contamination of the lower genital tract in placenta of all studied groups .


This paper is devoted to research and development into sub-THz quasioptical devices and circuits which have been developed in the IRE NAS of Ukraine.


YEAR BOOK OF PEDIATRICS , edited by JA Stockman ; 2004 . Philadelphia : Mosby (Elsevier Australia) . pp . xiv + 577 ; includes index. $A179.00 . The 2004 Year Book of Pediatrics follows the format of previous years. Concise, well‐written summaries of about 280 articles from 42 medical journals are presented, presumably mostly the work of the 32 named contributing editors. I assume that only publications considered to be of a high scientific standard have been included, as there is little questioning of the study design, methodology or interpretation of findings, either in the summaries or in the commentaries which follow. Most of the commentaries are attributed to Dr Stockman. He is generally very positive about the articles chosen, and he highlights new, interesting and curious findings. In contrast with the summaries, the commentaries are often lengthy and many move into areas well beyond the original subject. For instance, a half‐page summary of a publication about the association of paediatric dental caries with passive smoking (p. 109) is followed by a one‐and‐a‐half‐page commentary, divided into a discussion of the association , a description of anti‐smoking campaigns in Croatia, and a detailed history of the origins of


This research is motivated by a conventional learning orientation where teacher-centered learning must be transformed into student-centered learning. The purpose of this study was to improve the professional competence of elementary school teachers through lesson study. This study uses a class action research design that has stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. This research was conducted at the target schools in the city of Dumai. The research subjects were 10 V-grade teachers taken from each of the target schools. The research instrument used observation sheets and interview sheets. The results of this study indicate an increase in the professional competence of elementary school teachers through lesson study with the percentage of the first cycle of 64% with enough categories to 82% with good categories. The suggestion put forward is for the next researcher to combine lesson study with academic supervision or based on local potential, also improve pedagogical, personality, and social competence.


Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a monoclonal antibody (MAb) or polyclonal antiserum (PC) and dot immunoassay using a MAb were compared for the detection of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) in seed of Phaseolus from the U.S. Department of Agriculture germ plasm collection. A small portion of seed coat, testa, and cotyledon was removed from each of 270 seeds and tested for BCMV in each of the three assays. The seeds were then planted and the resultant seedlings were tested for BCMV by ELISA:MAb (...)


In studies of methods for improving pipeline flow of waxy crudes, dilution by either gasoline or kerosene proved more effective than heating or the addition of flow improving chemicals. Gasoline proved the most effective diluent in the tests of three Egyptian crude oils. Another method - heating - also led to a significant improvement in the rheological properties of the tested crudes. Additionally, a computer program was developed that calculates the pressure-loss reduction resulting from the improved flow properties of the tested crudes regardless of the method used. This program led to the conclusion that dilution by gasoline is the best technique for one type of waxy crude represented by GPY-3, while heating is the best method for the other two crude types represented by M-96 and Khalda. Final selection of the suitable technique for a specific crude, however, must be decided not only on the basis of such technical considerations as are presented here, but also on the economics for each case. The paper describes the techniques; Casson equation; dilution; heating; chemical treatment; and affected pressure-loss.


This article examines the role of the World's Fair from a regional impact perspective. It analyzes the role of each institution from a developmental aspect. The emphasis is upon the importance of integration to achieve better outcomes. REGIONAL PLANNING FOR THE KNOXVILLE FAIR


The cement production facility at Lafarge, Joppa, Illinois produces world-class oil well cement as well as top-quality Type I/II cement and various blended cements. The cement is made from limestone, fly and bottom ash, silica, alumina and iron using crushed rock moved via barge from the quarry located 74 miles upriver. When the crushed rock arrives at the cement plant it is ground in two raw grinding mills that crush and blend the materials prior to feeding into the kiln. A very divergent quarry means there is an increased chance of building a 20,000 ton pile of material prior to loading on the barge that is too far off spec to ship to the plant. In order to gain better visibility and control of quarry materials before moving them the Cave-in-Rock Quarry has put into place a SABIA L-2000, a PGNAA device for giving preparation-free, timely cement quality results on rock samples from the quarry so that better decisions can be made on the movement of material to minimize unnecessary movement of out-of-spec piles as well as optimize the operation of the cement plant by getting the quality closer to target. This paper will take a detailed look at the application and provide data on the benefits of the technology to the customer.


Harmonics in the power system is not new issue. This phenomenon has been
introduced by technocrat throughout in the history of electrical power system.
Maintaining the power quality in a power system is an essential assignment
due to increase in wide variety of non-linear loads. The current drawn by
such non linear loads are non-sinusoidal and therefore contains harmonics.
Therefore, it becomes necessary to compensate these unwanted harmonics
for better performance of the system. In this paper, a review of compensations
of harmonics in distribution system has been explained.


In this paper we study operator-type models of dynamic nonlinear physical systems, such as communication channels and control systems. Attention is focused on the problem of determining conditions under which there exists a power-series-like expansion, or a polynomial-type approximation, for a system's outputs in terms of its inputs. Related problems concerning properties of the expansions are also considered and nonlocal, as well as local, results are given. In particular, we show for the first time the existence of a locally convergent Volterra-series representation for the input-output relation of an important large class of nonlinear systems containing an arbitrary finite number of nonlinear elements.


Introduction. There are problems of public health where it is necessary to evaluate the information and the data to support the decisions making. Objective. ...


MISCELLANEOUS COPTIC TEXTS IN THE DIALECT OF UPPER EGYPT. Edited with English Translations. By E. A. WALLIS BUDGE. British Museum, 1915. While there appears never to have been more than one source—the Nitrian monasteries-—whence Bohairic MSS. of early date have reached us, the principal Sa'idic finds have been made at three widely distant points: the earliest at the White Monastery, near Achmim, whence by slow degrees came the main European collections of last century; the two later, after a long interval, almost simultaneously, in the Fayyum and at Edfu. Of these two the former passed, for the most part, to Mr. Pierpont Morgan, while the latter (or the larger part of it) was acquired by the British Museum. It is from this additional stock that the materials for vDr. Budge's volumes (Coptic Apocrypha, Coptic Martyrdoms, and that under review) have been drawn.


Nortern Chile includes the Atacama Desert, which is characterized by scarce, shallow, saline shallow endorheic lakes, small intermittent streams, and a few rivers (Niemeyer & Cereceda, 1984). One of the main rivers of this zone is the Loa River which is 440 km long and is the longest river in Chile. The river basin occupies 33,570 km2. Situated in the Antofagasta region of Chile, it originates in the Andes Mountains, close to Bolivia, and receives flow from four tributaries rivers: the Salado, San Pedro, Toconce, and San Salvador Rivers. The Loa basin contains two reservoirs, the Conchi and Sloman (Pumarino, 1978; Niemeyer & Cereceda, 1984; Gutierrez et al., 1998). Studies of the native Loa aquatic fauna to date have only described the presence of the freshwater shrimp, Cryphiops caementarius (Molina, 1782) (Jara et al., 2006), amphipods such as Hyalella fossamanchini and H. kochi (Gonzalez, 2003), and the native silverside Basilichthys near semotilus; Dyer 2000a,b; Ruiz & Marchant 2004; Vila et al., 2006). Introduced fish taxa in the Loa River and its tributaries include Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo trutta (Pumarino, 1978; Wetzlar, 1979; Iriarte et al., 2005). Overall, there is little detailed information about aquatic species, their distribution, population status, and associations in the Loa River.


Ethically Framed or Framed Ethnically? A Study of the Coverage of Immigrants, Refugees and Asylum Seekers in New Zealand's Print Media from 2004-2007


The serotyping of 54 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Nanjing area was carried out by monoclonal antibody coagalutination assay. The results showed that 23 strains (42.6%) contained WⅠ type of major outer membrane protein, and 24 strarns(44.4%) possessed WⅡ/Ⅲ type, while 7 strains (13,0%,) had both WI and WⅡ/Ⅲ types. It suggests that the gonococcal strains prevalent in Nanjing area at present have not fbrmed serologically predominant straits groups, the reservoir of infection to Nanjing area being resulted from manifold sources.

Key words:
Gonorrhea; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Serotyping


The purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a predictive model of a thermal storage which is charged by a heat pump and used for domestic hot water supply. The model is used for smart grid control purposes and requires measurement signals of flow and temperature at the inlet and outlet of the storage to determine charged and discharged thermal energy, and electrical energy consumption of the heat pump. The paper reviews possible simulation models and describes a predictive model for the state of charge and for the heat pump power consumption during charging based on experimental data. Simulations are carried out and results are compared with experiments. The model is applied in a case of domestic smart energy control for which results are shown.


This thesis investigates the sequential organisation of offers and acceptance in Saudi Arabic talk-in-interaction. This investigation is implemented through the use of the methodology of Conversation Analysis. Through analysing Saudi Arabic naturally-occurring data, I look at offer sequences as a whole, and not just the offer and its initial response. The data suggest that, mostly, Saudi offers are not immediately accepted; the acceptance happens only after turns of vigorous rejection and negotiation between the offerer and his/her recipient. As this is the first conversation analytic study of offers in Arabic talk-in-interaction, its aim is to investigate, through the use of naturally-occurring talk, the interactional significance of the delayed acceptance and how this action is ultimately accomplished in Saudi Arabic interaction.

Through the analysis, I examine these initial rejections that come as a response to Saudi offers, and how they are usually produced immediately and without delay. Furthermore, I investigate when offerers treat these initial rejections as just mere pro forma rejections that require negotiation compared to when they treat it as a definitive rejection. This ultimate outcome of the offer sequence is usually projectable due to the different use of offer formats: declarative, imperative or interrogative. Also, this outcome is related to the offerers' and their recipients' orientation to identity, such as membership categories and authority, and the role played by these in the recognisability of action.


Research shows that the organizational environment helps firms to deal with continuous changes and uncertainty in the market while intrapreneurial orientation is a key attribute for accessing productive resources that motivate intrapreneurs towards business continuity and growth performance since the key likely problems of any firm is growth and survival. Thus, for better performance, firms need to not only be integrated but also lay emphasis on building a cooperative organizational environment. While studies have to a great extent emphasized intrapreneurial orientation as having an impact on firm performance, most of them are based on the context of big corporations in developed countries. The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effect of Organizational Environment on Intrapreneurial Orientation and Firm Performance. The study population composed of 51 Beverage manufacturing firms and 93 Bakery manufacturing 93 firms in Kampala metropolitan area. The main data collection instrument was self-administered questionnaire, which was distributed to the respondents. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive frequencies, percentages and correlation methods. Results show that organizational environment positively affects the relationship between intrapreneurial orientation (r=.361**, p<.01) and firm performance (r=.527**, p<.01). This means that as intrapreneurs invest more in proactiveness, innovation and risk taking, growth in sales, competiveness in quality, response to customer needs and survival will be enhanced in the business. It is recommended that small firms should focus on creating an entrepreneurial environment that enables employees to voice out their endeavors and discoveries. This can be done through enhancing organizational structures, reward system and resource supply. Further, establishing realistic structures allows open communication, autonomy and transparency within the firm. Adoption of commensurate reward systems motivates employees towards novelty and commitment while adequate resources especially time will encourage generation and commercialization of new and improved ideas.


To analyze the requirements of Information Technology in the Safety Production Information Five-Year Plan which is raised by the state,improve the efficiency of enterprise security checks,optimize the processes of security checks,and simplify all the workload. This paper shows a new mobility management based on mobile application which is built with Meteor as a framework,Mongo DB as a database,Java Script as a programming language. The whole processes of the enterprise security checks are redesigned to fit the new efficiency goal. Combine with the promising technology such as the Internet and mobile application,this study focuses on an affordable way to implement mobility management within small and medium-sized enterprises. With this application,employees could submit or view the context of information in real-time. This paper explained how to archive that goal in three steps or functions. First is role management. Second is notification window. Third is a security dashboard which only administrators can control. These three steps or functions help employees do what they need to do with the mobile phone before,during and after security checks. The results showed this mobile application is a new and important way to archive the goals,such as digitizing the enterprise security checks and improving the level of safety management.


2010 Bulletin 2 F or many years, our Association's journal of record has been the bimonthly Academe: Bulletin of the American Association of University Professors. This publication combined in a single format feature articles on issues in higher education of interest to our membership, book reviews, and news of relevant current events together with official Association materials, such as investigative reports and policy documents. This arrangement has been somewhat unsatisfying, both for the casual reader most interested in magazine-style content and for the seeker of specific AAUP reports or statements. Publication of a new report in the next available issue of Academe was once considered timely, but the immediate publication now of such reports online on the Association's Web site makes any follow-up appearance in a bimonthly publication outdated, often by several weeks. Given the public access to such documents on our Web site, the Association's communications staff began to see the benefits of producing a lively and timely magazine for members and other interested readers, separate from most official content. As academics, however, we appreciate the practical and historical value of publishing official materials in print, both for those seeking such information for immediate use and for posterity's researchers. How much easier the task of finding a given year's published reports would be, it was proposed, if these were compiled into a single yearly volume rather than only online or scattered in different publications throughout the year. F r o m t h e E d i t o r


Three-dimensional deflection of the electron beam resulting in a missed joint due to thermoelectric magnetism generated while welding dissimilar metals is systematically investigated. The incident energy rate distribution is assumed to be Gaussian and the deep and narrow welding cavity induced is idealized as a paraboloid of revolution. With a three-dimensional analytical solution for the temperature and by solving Maxwell's electromagnetic equations, thermoelectric currents, magnetic flux densities, and deflections of the beam are found. The predictions agree with available experimental data. The results find that missed joints can be reduced by increasing the dimensionless accelerating voltage-to-Seebeck e.m.f. parameter, Peclet number, and effective electrical contact resistance parameter, and decreasing dimensionless beam power, magnetic permeabilities, and electrical conductivity ratio between metals 1 and 2. Tilting workpieces and shifting the electron gun from the joint line are also feasible. A three-dimensional analysis is required for a successful determination of beam deflection.


Objective To explore the risk factors of cardiac insufficiency in the patients with hyperthyroid heart diseases . Methods Of 295 patients with hypetthyroidism,128 suffered from heart disease accompanied with cardiac insufficiency and 167 did not.The sex,age,course of disease, FT3, FT4, S-TSH and etiological factors were analysed by multiple independent variables stepwise logistic regression in all the patients. Results The factors related to risk of cardiac insufficiency in the patients with hyperthyroid heart disease included Graves' disease (OR, 2.193), course of disease(OR, 1.075), age (OR, 1.069)and FT4 (OR, 1.044). Conclusions Graves' disease ,the longer course or disease ,great age and higher FT4 were the independent risk factors of cardiac insufficiency. The curative measures directed against the above-mentioned risk factors will be beneficial to prevention and curing of cardiac insufficiency in the patientss with hypetthyroidism.


In recent times, the deployment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for practical applications is an emerging one. In order to build an UAV for critical application, the designers should reduce the general drawbacks of UAVs. The fixed wing UAV needs a long runway and it is not sufficiently expert in vertical take-off and landing (VTOL), which makes it unapproachable for certain applications. Another perspective, the rotary wing aircraft will have the VTOL ability but the disadvantages are its slow operational speed, greater the consumption of energy. Here, the proposed Tilt-Hexacopter would be capable of VTOL feature and provide more stability with high maneuvering capability during the critical surveillance. The main purpose of this copter is to provide wealthy surveillance with image processing techniques and gives updated information to the ground controller by taking necessary action at any critical environment. The CAD diagram of TiltHexacopter has been modeled in CATIA with calculated parameters. The image processing techniques for critical applications have been simulated using MATLAB. Keywords—Crack; Image processing; Surveillance; Tilt Rotor.


In this paper, We discuss the development of the systematic design process, that considers the global environment.We give more specific discussions to clear guide-lines for the quality assurances at the basic planning stage of the design system, purposing to reduce and efficiently use generated energy during the life cycles of buildings.Also we describe the problems of this design system in practice.


In the analysis of a passage of text there are two steps to which different statistical techniques are applicable. The first step is to show that the passage is not uniform in style (the word &dquo;style&dquo; being meant to include numerical as well as literary properties of the text). the second step, logically dependent on the first, is to locate the point or points of division. The first needs a statistical test of significance, the second a method of estimation. A test of significance does not serve to locate a break except between wide limits. Still less can it distinguish between a discontinuity in style and a gradual change (the former, not the latter, suggesting a change of author). the simplest technique of estimation is the cumulative sum chart used previously. Both steps depend also on literary considerations, not discussed here.


AbstractSoft-story wood-frame buildings have been recognized as a disaster preparedness problem for decades. The majority of these buildings were constructed from the 1920s to the 1960s and are prone to collapse during moderate to large earthquakes due to a characteristic deficiency in strength and stiffness in their first story. In order to propose and validate retrofit methods for these at-risk buildings, a full-scale four-story soft-story wood-frame building was constructed, retrofitted, and subjected to ground motions of various intensities. The tests were conducted to validate retrofit guidelines proposed in a "Federal Emergency Management Agency's recent soft-story seismic retrofit guideline for wood buildings" and a performance-based seismic retrofit (PBSR) methodology developed as part of the NEES-Soft project. This paper is the second in a set of companion papers and presents the full-scale shake table test results using the two new approaches. The companion paper to this paper presents the desig...


There exist aesthetical traits in document.The substance embodies mass wisdom,human force to normalize society,rising beauty to promote quality and arouse human.The form presents the aestheticism of conscientiousness,standardization,distinction,simplicity and unity.The language is provided with the aestheticism of accuracy,precision,solemnity and properness. The above-mentioned are comprensively showing our countrys spirit,ethics and morale.


Population & Societies has not so far turned its attention to the rising proportion of male births in Asia today. And yet it will have far-reaching social and demographic consequences not just in the countries affected but for all humankind: it bears remembering that China and India alone hold nearly 40% of the world population. Gilles Pison reflects here on the origin scale and mechanisms of the phenomenon. Ordinarily 105 males are born for every 100 females in human populations and this is a typically unchanging biological norm. But the share of new-born males has been rising since the 1980s in a number of East Asian countries especially China and South Korea. There is a marked preference for sons in these countries. But it is near-immemorial so why has it not previously produced a rise in the proportion of male births? Will this imbalance deepen and spread to other countries or regions of the world? And might it radically change gender relations in the long run? (excerpt)


In general, it is not easy to decide whether to use a discretize–then–optimize or optimize–then–discretize approach to solve PDE‐constrained optimization problems. Shape optimization problems are particularly challenging due to the infinite dimensional, nonlinear structure of shape spaces. One option to overcome this drawback is to choose finite dimensional shape spaces, i.e., to discretize first. Nevertheless, this limits the amount of available tools coming from function spaces. In this note, we aim to show advantages and disadvantages of both approaches based on a simple shape optimization problem.


The object of the invention is to provide an inverter circuit having a power branch, with a high breakdown voltage and a low probability are ensured by malfunction. In a power branch element consisting of a switching element and a diode connected thereto in antiparallel, n freewheeling diodes to a switching element (1b) (n> = 2), which are connected in series, connected in antiparallel. A breakdown voltage between an anode and a cathode of each free-wheeling diode is defined by 1 / n of a breakdown voltage of the switching element (1b). That is, the breakdown voltage is reduced each free-wheeling diode to 1 / n, the thickness of n · - · to reduce drift region. This can be kept low during flow of freewheeling current transitional voltage characteristic. The decrease of the breakdown voltage is compensated with the n series-connected free-wheeling diodes, so that a breakdown voltage is guaranteed by a value that is approximately the same as that of the switching element.


1D and 2D continua belong to the basic notions of set- theoretical topology and represent a subfield of the theory of dimensions developed by P. Urysohn and K. Menger. In this paper basic definitions and properties of grid continua in R2 and R3 are summarized. Particularly, simple 1D gird continua in R2 and in R3, and simple closed 2D grid continua in R3 are emphasized. Concepts for measuring the length of 1D grid continua and the surface area of a 2D grid continuum are introduced and discussed.


Some manufacturers are voiding warranties because of damage to heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) motors and compressors when users try to conserve energy with excessive duty cycling. The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) will release guidelines for duty cycling next spring to help users plan cycling by motor size and load variation. Motors that fail because of excessive cycling often reveal burned-out relays, but compressors can be more difficult to diagnose. Other problems include burned-out air-handling motors and compressors, broken belts, starting failures, and slugging of thhe refrigerant. Manufacturers continue their liability for users who follow their instructions. (DCK)


Who has the authority to give brotherly advice and what kind of authority does such advice come with? In order to answer these questions, one must reconstruct Spinoza's understanding of authoritas which takes many forms, including prophetic, Scriptural, private, public, divine, and priestly authority. The specific authority associated with free philosophizing is, however, an "authority to teach and advise." This authority belongs to all human beings as an inalienable natural right. It is, moreover, a private authority which is exercised in relation to others and therefore also has a public dimension. It is shown how the association of free philosophizing with such natural authority to teach and advise sets it apart from a mere legal permission to speak one's mind. Finally, the chapter discusses Spinoza's conception of "violent rule," defined as any political attempt to deprive citizens of their inalienable natural right to teach and advise.


Many inflammatory and cognitive disorders including g Alzheimer's disease are accompanied by elevated blood level of fibrinogen (Fg), called hyperfibrinogenemia (HFg). Previously we showed that HFg increases microvascular permeability mainly affecting the transcellular transport pathway. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that HFg increases cerebrovascular protein crossing via caveolar transcytosis leading to an increased formation of Fg and amyloid‐β (Aβ) complex, which results in loss of short‐term memory.


This paper samples the private listed companies in Shanghai Stock Exchange market.By means of SPSS10.0,it uses stepwise regression method to analyze the capital structure factors influencing the private ownership of the listed companies.The results indicate that the capital structure has positive correlationship with logarithm value of total asset,return on equity,increase ratio of operating profits,fixed assets turn-over,etc.whereas having negative correlationship with current ratio,equity per share,return on assets.


With the low-carbon target of developing clean energy and green growth proposed,the wind power has been rapidly developed.There rich of wind energy resources in Baiyin and the government seize the opportunity to develop wind power industry.However,the characteristics of randomness and intermittent of wind power will cause a huge impact on the stable and safe operation of grid.The paper analysis the grid connected stuation,construction and planning of wind powet in Baiyin area.Then study on the existence question and the reason of wind power industry.Also proposed improvement measures and recommendations from the sides of coordinated development of power and grid and related policies and standards system.This paper has a certain reference to promote the development of wind power in Baiyin area.


Study of a case of trephination and a case of amputation in the population recovered in the necropolis of Vedrovice in Moravia which belongs to the ancient phase of Neolithic Central Europe, around 5 500 BC. In both cases, the circumstances of the surgery have been a significant open trauma in cases of emergency and in the 2 cases the patients have survived several years after the intervention. These cases of surgery, among the most ancient in the world, demonstrate the availability of the surgeon's presence immediately after an accident in this first community of farmers, the high technique and precision of their interventions, and especially their maturity in the area of medical decision and in the choice of the most appropriate intervention according to the state of the patient.


There is little doubt that the public's interest in primitive matriarchies has been revived. Suddenly magazine articles and books appear attesting to a former Rule by Women, as well as to an archaic life-style presumed to differ radically from our own. Because no matriarchies persist anywhere at the present time, and because primary sources recounting them are totally lacking, both the existence and constitution of female-dominated societies can only be surmised. The absence of this documentation, however, has not been a deterrent to those scholars and popularists who view in the concept of primitive matriarchy a rationale for a new social order, one in which women can and should gain control of important political and economic roles.


Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) guided by contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) for controlling active bleeding in rabbit livers. Methods. Twenty actively bleeding rabbit liver models, produced with an 18‐gauge semiautomatic biopsy needle and confirmed with CEUS, were randomly divided into 2 groups: a PMCT group (n = 10, with a microwave antenna placed into the bleeding site under ultra‐sonographic guidance and worked at 60 W for 30 seconds on average) and a control group (n = 10, with the active bleeding site not treated). After therapy procedures were performed, lactated Ringer's solution resuscitation was then performed in both groups to maintain the mean arterial pressure at 70 mm Hg for 1 hour. The intraperitoneal blood loss, total resuscitation volume, mean arterial pressure, and hematocrit value were recorded. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations were performed at the end of the study. Results. After PMCT, the former bleeding site appeared on CEUS as a round or an oval area devoid of contrast. The PMCT group had lower blood loss (30.4 ± 7.2 versus 101.6 ± 18.2 mL; P < .05) and a lower total resuscitation volume (56.5 ± 10 versus 186 ± 36.6 mL; P < .05) than the control group. The mean hematocrit value in the PMCT group was significantly higher than that in the control group (26% ± 4% versus 19% ± 4%; P < .05) at the end of the experiment. Conclusions. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonographically guided PMCT significantly decreased blood loss in a rabbit model of active liver bleeding. It provides a simple and quick method to control blood loss in liver injuries with active bleeding.


Accuracy of designing and producing a micro-force measuring device is 0.1μN, through the device, the maximum supporting force of living water striders sample and their legs were measured. The results showed that the maximum supporting force of living water striders is 23.6 times its weight, the maximum supporting force of living water striders greater than the sum of six legs, the reason that living water strider's chest and abdomen touched water surface on process of measuring; Established supporting force model of water strider leg, analyzed the factors associated with supporting force, the key parameters are the water strider leg length and depth of water dimple; Compared the water strider leg's the maximum supporting force of the measurement value and the calculated value according to theoretical model, verified the correctness of the supporting force model.


The expression 'new sociology of knowledge' is emphasised in my title because it could, in terms of what I want to say, stand as the whole title. The main title is a proposal that derives from my sociology; that which follows 'new sociology of knowledge' is perhaps something of a wish, a wish that, looking at the curriculum from this sociological perspective might lead to a change; as a sociologist, I am not optimistic. As for 'knowledge', this, ironically, is not to be thought of as the object of my sociology, so much as that which is imagined by the practices that I want to consider; it's a myth. For a general audience (and perhaps for a less general audience as well), I should explain what I mean by 'sociology'. This is how I described it in 1998:


Human proteins with identified effects on host responses to malignant cells have been established as effective therapeutic techniques in cancer. Lymphokines, products of activated cells of the immune system, have pleiotropic biochemical and cellular effects. These include stimulation of immune effector cell proliferation, augmentation of cytotoxicity of immune effector cells for tumor cell targets, enhancement in antigen‐recognition potential by monocytes, and modulation of tumor‐associated antigen expression on neoplastic cells. Interferons (IFN) and interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), purified to homogeneity, can induce regression of metastatic malignancy. Recombinant DNA technology has facilitated large‐scale production of these and other lymphokines and cytokines. It has also made possible analyses of physical structures of the molecules themselves and has enabled creation of mutated molecules with specific, desired substitutions in their amino acid sequence. Monoclonal antibodies, directed at tumor‐associated antigens, can augment antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity and can selectively deliver cytotoxic techniques to malignant cells. Molecules that modify the host resistance to malignant disease also have potential to augment effectiveness of other cancer treatment techniques. Lymphokines, cytokines, and monoclonal antibodies, all products of biotechnology, have resulted in fulfillment of the promise of the immune system for inhibition of growth of human malignancy.


Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with control group. Forty students with higher scores in the dimension of ADHD disorder were selected from Ahvaz schools and participated in this study as sample. In the pre-test phase, a visual memory test was performed for all the participants. All parents were also asked to complete a social adjustment questionnaire. The participants were then randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control. of 20 each. The experimental group underwent neuropsychological rehabilitation intervention for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week for 45 minutes. After the intervention process, post-test was performed in the experimental group. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance at the significance level of p<0.05.


The paper analyzes the situation of a duopoly in which each competitor does not have completeinformation about the role assumed by the other.


The biosynthesis of lobinaline (1) in intact plants of Lobelia cardinalis L. was studied by tracer methods. The incorporation data are consistent with the view that the alkaloid is formed by dimeri...


Confidentiality, integrity and availability (C-I-A) are the security requirements fundamental to any computer system. Similarly, the hardware, software and data are important critical assets. These two components of a computer security framework are entwined; such that a compromise in the C-I-A requirements may lead to a compromise of the critical assets. The C-I-A requirements and the critical assets of a computer system are well researched areas; however they may be insufficient to define the needs of a summative e-assessment system. In this paper, we do not discard the existing components; rather we propose security requirements and related components that are specific to summative e-assessment systems.


B cell memory to T cell–dependent (TD) Ags are considered to largely reside in class-switched CD27 + cells. However, we previously observed that anti-RhD (D) Igs cloned from two donors, hyperimmunized with D + erythrocytes, were predominantly of the IgM isotype. We therefore analyzed in this study the phenotype and frequency of D- and tetanus toxoid–specific B cells by culturing B cells in limiting dilution upon irradiated CD40L-expressing EL4.B5 cells and testing the culture supernatant. Most Ag-specific B cells for both TD Ags were found to reside in the IgM-expressing B cells, including CD27 2 B cells, in both hyperimmunized donors and nonhyperimmunized volunteers. Only shortly after immunization a sharp increase in Ag-specific CD27 + IgG + B cells was observed. Next, B cells were enriched with D + erythrocyte ghosts and sorted as single cells. Sequencing of IGHV, IGLV, IGKV , and BCL6 genes from these D-specific B cell clones demonstrated that both CD27 2 IgM + and CD27 + IgM + B cells harbored somatic mutations, documenting their Ag-selected nature. Furthermore, sequencing revealed a clonal relationship between the CD27 2 IgM + , CD27 + IgM + , and CD27 + IgG + B cell subsets. These data strongly support the recently described multiple layers of memory B cells to TD Ags in mice, where IgM + B cells represent a memory reservoir which can re-enter the germinal center and ensure replenishment of class-switched memory CD27 + B cells from Ag-experienced precursors. The Journal of Immunology , 2014, 193: 000–000.


Several attempts have been made to apply multigrid methods efficiently to problems on "thin"domains. In [J. Ruge and A. Brandt, "A multigrid approach for elasticity problems on 'thin' domains," in Multigrid Methods: Theory, Applications and Supercomputing, S. F. McCormick, ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1988, pp. 541–555] a multigrid method is described that permits overcoming difficulties in the case of elasticity equations on a "thin" domain bounded by straight lines. Here a method is presented that can be used for a wide class of differential problems on "thin" domains with straight or curved boundaries. For this method applied to the equations of elasticity on a domain bounded by straight lines, the computer time and storage are lower, and the programming and extension to three-dimensional cases are easier, than for the method described by Ruge and Brandt.


The coordinates of points in an image are transformed into distance (ρ) and angle (θ). The tuning is performed (ρ) and angle (θ) as the headers in a voting table using the distances. A predetermined number of points, the numbers of votes are high-level is extracted from the vocal table. Extraction angle (θx) are defined such that the compatibility between the extraction angles (θx) and the angles (θ) is maximized to the predetermined number of dots. A tilt angle of the image is determined based on the defined extraction angles (θx).


OBJECTIVE
Graduate students frequently experience anxiety, depression, and psychological distress. Counseling centers struggle to meet this need. Brief, skills-based treatments to mitigate burgeoning or mild mental health problems could alleviate this problem.

PARTICIPANTS
Participants were 51 graduate students in years one through seven of their respective programs.

METHODS
We examined a single-session virtual cognitive behavioral workshop and outcomes up to 6-months later.

RESULTS
The program was feasible, acceptable, and beneficial for mood, anxiety, and emotion regulation, even during the COVID-19 pandemic. A majority of participants reported ongoing skills use at follow-up. Primary barriers to more frequent use were forgetting, time constraints, and difficulty when experiencing strong emotions. Few participants endorsed expecting that skills would not be helpful or forgetting how to use skills.

CONCLUSIONS
This intervention may provide scalable, much needed aid to graduate schools. Moreover, results highlight opportunities for further enhancing brief interventions.


Abstract : Shock trials are required for the lead ship of each new construction shock hardened ship class. The Navy's Floating Shock Platform (FSP) is used in the acceptance of mission essential items for installation aboard shock hardened ships if the size and weight of the item permits such testing. Live fire shock trials and underwater explosion testing are both complex and expensive. Finite element modeling and simulation provides a viable, cost effective alternative to these tests. This thesis investigates the effects of reducing the amount of fluid mesh required to accurately capture the structural response of a finite element model of the FSP subjected to an underwater explosion. This same approach can be applied to a finite element model of each shock hardened ship class. With reliable results, computer simulation of ship shock trials and underwater explosion testing could become a dependable, cost effective, and time efficient manner for validating surface ship shock hardening requirements.


A memory window (MW) of ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs), defined as a separation of the HIGH-state and the LOW-state threshold voltages, is an important measure of the FeFET memory characteristics. In this study, we theoretically investigate the relation between the FeFET MW and the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${P}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> hysteresis loop of the ferroelectric gate insulator, and derive a compact model explicitly described by material parameters. It is found that the MW is linearly proportional to the ferroelectric polarization for the small polarization regime and converges to the limit value of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> coercive field <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> thickness when the remanent polarization is much larger than permittivity <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> coercive field. We discuss additional factors that possibly influence the MW in actual devices such as the existence of interlayer (no direct impact), interface charges (invalidity of linear superposition between the ferroelectric and charge-trapping hysteresis), and minor-loop operation (behavior equivalent to the generation of interface charges).


This paper proposes a new structure for grid synchronization based on generalized integrators (GI) that lead to fast detection of positive and negative components of the grid voltage. The GI are used as a band pass filter (GI-BPF) mainly to provide in-phase and quadrature components of grid voltage. The proposed structure consists in the cascaded connection of multiple GI-BPF to achieve a faster time response than a single GI-BPF but with the same bandwidth characteristics. This structure is used with a frequency locked loop and a positive sequence detector to operate under unbalanced voltage sags. Simulations and experimental results of a photovoltaic power system injecting power to the grid in the stationary reference frame are shown to validate this proposal. Comparisons between this proposal and one that uses a single GI-BPF in the sequence detector are provided. The results show that the proposed cascaded GI-BPF achieves a considerably time response reduction in the sequence grid detection under a fault with the same quality-filter characteristics.


Fragments of floodplain forests occur naturally in the Araguaia plain between the states of Tocantins and Mato Grosso on the ares of Cerrado. These fragments happen in form of natural depressions, which are located in areas of floodplains in the State of Tocantins, which favors its flooding and, consequently, the largest period of water retention during periods of high precipitation. The objective of this study was to characterize the structure of a fragment of floodplain forest of approximately one hectare, inserted in area of Campo Sujo, in Lagoa da Confusao, TO. Were sampled all the tree/shrub individuals with circumference at 1,30m of the soil (CAB) > 15 cm. On the whole, 665 individuals, 34 families and 49 species were found. The species with larger cover value, in descending order, were Sclerolobium paniculatum var. rubiginosum (Mart. former Tul.) Benth., Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. and Licania apetala (E. Mey.) Fritsch.. The richest families were Fabaceae (8), Arecaceae, Chrysobalanaceae and Vochysiaceae (3). The Shannon diversity index (H') was 2,97 nats/ind. The distribution of diameter classes showed an inverted "J" curve.


Abstract This article proposes a framework to model the mutual volatility transmission between multiple assets and multiple trading places in different time zones. The model is estimated using a dataset containing daily returns of three stock indices – the MSCI Japan, the EuroStoxx 50, and the S&P 500 – each traded at three major trading places: the stock exchanges in Tokyo, London, and New York. Strong volatility transmission effects can be observed between New York and Tokyo, whereas current volatility in New York mostly depends on past volatility in New York. For the assets in consideration, spillovers are strong across trading zones, but weak across assets, suggesting a close connection between market places but only a loose volatility link between international stock indices. Volatility impulse response functions indicate a long-lasting and comparably large response of volatility in Tokyo, whereas they suggest a quicker volatility decay in London and New York.