T HERE is n o sat isfactory t r e a t m e n t of glioblastoma mult i forme of the brain. However , as we are constant ly conf ron ted with the problem of how best to deal wi th the unfor tuna te pat ients suffering f rom these tumors , we mus t constant ly str ive to improve our therapeut ic methods. Dur ing our experience with this t umor over the last ~0 years, we have been impressed b y several appa ren t facts. The surgical mor ta l i ty ra te has been dramatical ly reduced; the pos topera t ive course has become much smoother ; the condition of m a n y of our pa t i en t s has been strikingly improved following operat ion; and there have been a n u m b e r of pa t ients who have lived much longer and in a much bet ter condition than had been anticipated. Obvious ly no single factor is responsible for the be t te r results achieved today. I t was our impression, however, t ha t the improvem e n t in the immedia te and late postoperat ive course resulted in large measure f rom the adop t ion of a policy of ext i rpat ing glioblast omas as completely as possible. In this s tudy , we have a t t empted to determine whe the r radical extirpation of these tumors is the best course and exactly what our resuits have been. T h e concept of radical excision for gliob la s tomas is not universally accepted. The late Ernes t Sachs 7 always advoca ted this course. Kenne th McKenzie a stressed the va lue of achieving an " internal decompress ion" b y removing as much of the t umor


We study a lattice model of interacting loops in three dimensions with a 1/r^2 interaction. Using Monte Carlo methods, we have found that the phase diagram contains a line of second-order phase transitions between a phase where the loops are gapped and a phase where they proliferate. The correlation length exponent and critical conductivity vary continuously along this line. Our model is exactly self-dual at a special point on the critical line, which allows us to calculate the critical conductivity exactly at this point.


In order to investigate the distribution rules of oil shale in Tongchuan area of Ordos basin, four CSAMT (Controlled Source Audio-frequency Magnetotelluric) profiles were completed in the early 2011. Twodimensional apparent resistivity profiles were derived by terrain correction, regularization filtering method, and high-pass filtering of the anomalies in the apparent resistivity. In this paper, we combine the existing geological and geophysical data with the inverted features of the unfiltered and high-pass filtered apparent-resistivity anomalies. We also examine the relationships between the high-pass filtered apparent-resistivity anomalies and the distribution of oil shales in three available drillings, and discuss the distribution of prospective areas for oil shale in the study area. The results show that there is a close relationship between the oil-shale distribution and a belt of high magnitudes of the high-pass filtered anomalies of the apparent resistivity. Two prospective areas with different depths for oil shales are identified within the study area.


Objective:To retrospectively analysis the clinical manifestation,diagnosis and treatment of patients with perforation history of stomach or duodenum. Methods: 67 patients with gastric and duodenal perforation were enrolled our study. 12 of them were successfully treated by conservative treatment, while the other 55 receive operation. Of which, 18 cases underwent simple closure for the perforation and 37 underwent subtotal gastrectomy( Billroth I anamosis 13,Billroth II anamosis 24).Results:All the patients fully recovered from their illness, with no death happened.3 wound infection,1 pulmonary infection,1 dumping syndrom,1 alkaline 1 reflux gastritis and 1 ileus occurred respectively after operation, but they were cured by active treatment. All the patients were followed up 6 months to 3 years. 3 relapsed and 2 stomach cancer patients died 6 months and 13 months postoperatively. Conclusion:Detailed History-taking and multiple utilization of various auxiliary examination could help to make an accurate diagnosis. Surgical intervention play an important role in the treatment of gastric and duodenal perforation. Individual operation should be performed according to patients' specific situation.


Abstract : Previously, a novel formulation for the generation of three-dimensional (3D) inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images based on recent developments in high resolution spectral estimation theory was presented. Because this technique requires only "snapshots" of data, where a "snapshot" is defined as a block of Nyquist sampled frequency-time pulses of data, we refer to it as "3D snapshot imaging." Concomitant with these results, recent advances in interferometric SAR imaging have demonstrated the use of two-dimensional (2D) range-Doppler image phase information to extract "out-of-plane" height information to obtain 3D images of ground scenes. In this case, a unique sampling grid is generated that allows "overlaying" of nearly identical 2D range-Doppler images and uses phase differences between these images to estimate the "out-of-plane" height information, from which a 3D image is developed. In this report, we develop a framework connecting these two techniques, particularly applicable to forming 3D images of target types typically dominated by smaller numbers (<20) of scattering centers, and characterized by deterministic exoatmospheric motion having torque-free Euler dynamic spin and precession. Applications of the development are illustrated using simulation data: specifically, the wideband, monostatic field is simulated using a simple point scatter model of a generic cone-like target, and the phase-enhanced 3D image is generated for differing cases. Extensions of the technique to bistatics are also discussed.


Two free-foraging colonies of Bombus terricola Kirby were stressed, on alternate days, by removing either their honey or their pollen stores. The amount of pollen taken into the colonies by foragers was significantly greater under pollen stress than under honey stress. This effect was not due to an increase in the number of foraging trips but rather to an elevated rate of pollen acquisition per foraging trip.


The increasing number and resolution of satellite sensors to be launched in the coming years will dramatically increase the need for efficient image archiving and processing. Current Earth Observation archiving systems typically support queries by sensor type, acquisition date, imagery coverage or a combination of them. Concurrently, security-concerned applications relying on satellite imagery often demand repeated or continuous monitoring, and intelligent access to the extracted information. There is therefore a growing interest in the remote sensing community to access databases directly by the information contained in images. Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) allows an efficient management of large image archives, as well as satellite image annotation and interpretation. We extended and exploited the potential of PicSOM, a CBIR system based on SelfOrganising Maps (SOMs), for remote sensing image analysis, with a particular focus on detection of man-made structures and changes. The same framework allows for supervised and unsupervised change detection, with promising applications in long-term monitoring of strategic sites or content-driven novelty detection. The key idea of our study is to artificially generate a database of small images (imagelets) from each full satellite image to be processed. A high-resolution satellite image contains a lot of diverse information that can be described as target classes – e.g. forest, fields, built-up areas, etc. Typically, a scene is divided into several thousands of imagelets of about 100× 100 pixels. By this operation, the number of target classes is reduced to only a few within an imagelet often one or two classes. Features are then extracted from the imagelets. The original PicSOM system, developed for RGB natural images, includes low-level measures of texture and color information. These generic features have been tested on very high resolution optical satellite images in previous work, with promising results. We extended PicSOM to include features that are more adapted to remotely sensed data (e.g. vegetation index, multi-spectral features), as well as to structure detection (edges filter). A coordinate feature is carried along the whole analysis process, both to keep track of the position of any imagelet within the full image, and to complete the framework for change detection. In PicSOM, a separate SOM is trained for each feature type. The Self-Organising Map is an unsupervised learning technique, which forms a non-linear mapping of a high-dimensional input space (here the space of imagelets) into a typically two-dimensional grid of artificial neural networks (or units). Through this mapping, feature vectors that reside near each other in the input space are mapped into nearby units on the map (called best matching units BMUs). Consequently, imagelets that are mutually similar in respect to the given feature have BMUs located near each other on the SOM. After the SOMs are trained, the database can be visually queried : the system presents some images to the user who then marks a subset of them as relevant to the present query. This relevance information is fed back to the system, which is then able to find more similar images and return them in the next query round. The PicSOM system provides a semi-automated, interactively supervised analysis of satellite images. Within a few query rounds, most imagelets containing a given target, e.g. buildings, can be retrieved. Furthermore, the results of interactive retrieval sessions can be stored as non-parametric target class models for future offline analysis of similar semantic contents. This step could constitute the baseline for a monitoring application. The PicSOM system can be used for change detection, following the same approach. Considering two satellite images taken over a same location at different times, each full image is divided into imagelets according to the same process. All imagelets are then merged into a same database, on which the feature SOMs are trained. The coordinate feature allows to define pairs of imagelets covering the same location (within the image registration accuracy), while temporal information is stored in the imagelet names. The change magnitude is defined not in the image domain, but on the SOM grids : the distance between BMUs of the imagelets in an imagelet pair characterises the change. Imagelets having similar content between the two acquisitions are expected to have same or neighboring BMUs, whereas very dissimilar imagelets are represented by BMUs that are far away from each other on the SOMs. The highest between-BMUs distances computed on all imagelet pairs point out locations in the full image where the biggest changes occurred. If target classes of imagelets are known, change detection can be supervised, by focusing on changes occurring in imagelets containing specific semantic classes, e.g. buildings. Unsupervised change detection relies on the same SOM framework, only considering the change magnitude as defined by the between-BMUs distances. A major advantage of this content-based approach to change detection is its lower sensitivity to misregistration than pixel-based approaches. Also the type of the change can be derived from the locations of the BMUs on the SOMs. Our experiments on very high resolution optical satellite images suggest that edge features are efficient in detecting changes in man-made structures (e.g. appearing or disappearing buildings), whereas spectral features suit to clear-cut mapping. The methods for detecting structures and changes were validated with manually labelled sets of images. Imageletbased structure detection does not provide direct delineation of objects of interest (contrary to pixel-based methods), but it can highlight in a full scene locations with potentially interesting structures or contents. Similar methods could also be applied to SAR imagery, with appropriate features descriptors. SOMs that have been trained using previous images can be used in the analysis of new imagery. This approach may be applied to supervised monitoring of strategic sites, i.e. novelty or change detection with two or more images. Such a system could point out locations in the recently acquired full image where potentially interesting structures or patterns may be located – e.g. types of targets defined visually by the user that may have appeared or disappeared. Those locations could then be checked by an operator, and marked either as relevant or irrelevant, thus constantly improving and interactively refining the definition of targets of interest. The versatility of PicSOM will allow several applications to be embedded in a same operative and interactive system, only to be differentiated by the type of query. One of the many possible applications of this work is long term monitoring of human activity around strategic sites.


This article aims at sharing the experience faced by students of Nursing through the Education through Work Program in a Workshop with chemically addicted women at the Alcohol and Drugs Psychosocial Attention Center. This is a mental health service which provides daily assistance to people who make a harmful use of alcohol and other drugs. The participation of the students in this service happens through the listening, the link and the cooperation work involving all participants seeking a better quality of life. By developing the workshop, which is a motivational tool for the treatment, the users report their torments, sadness and happiness, besides exposing their difficulties concerning self-control towards the drugs as well as it helps easing conflict relationships in the family. The practice faced by the students in this mental health service has provided them important experiences in their formation, as it gives them the chance to know and to have a look free of prejudice/stigma to addicted people. It can be a source of support and incentive to the team as well as it results in acknowledgement for the service network to assure comprehensive care.


Unlike sentencing for most crimes in Canada, sentencing for murder has long been circumscribed by strict statutory provisions which, over the years, have become increasingly complicated and subject to criticism. While public opinion seems to be that the provisions are too lenient on killers, academic commentary often takes the opposite view, pointing to the harsh periods of parole ineligibility which rob offenders of any hope of release and remove the incentive for rehabilitation.


Using numerical simulations we have studied the robustness of interferometric intenogation of Bragg gratings in high frequency dynamic strain applications, where the spectrum will change shape. Four different apodizations have been compared with respect to performance.


A Thesis submitted to the Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science for the Degree of Master of Philosophy, 1992


The aim of the study was to compare the incidence of perineal hernia and the perineal wound morbidity following extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE) between two groups – primary perineal closure and reconstruction with a biological mesh.


Support for complex data in object-relational database systems is based on abstract data types (ADTs). We argue that the current ADT approach inhibits the performance of queries that involve expensive operations on data types. Instead, we propose the Enhanced Abstract Data Type (E-ADT) paradigm, which treats operations on data types as declarative expressions that can be optimized. In this paper, we describe the E-ADT paradigm and PREDATOR, an object-relational database system based on E-ADTs. An E-ADT is an abstract data type enhanced with query optimization. Not only does an E-ADT provide operations (or methods) that can be used in SQL queries, it also supports internal interfaces that can be invoked to optimize these operations. This added functionality is provided without compromising the modularity of data types and the extensibility of the type system. Building such a database system requires fundamental changes in the architecture of the query processing engine; we present the system-level interfaces of PREDATOR that support E-ADTs, and describe the internal design details. Initial performance results from supporting image, time-series, and audio data as E-ADTs demonstrate an order of magnitude in performance improvements over the current ADT approach. Further, we describe how the E-ADT paradigm enables future research that can improve several aspects of object-relational query optimization. Consequently, we make the case that next-generation object-relational database systems should be based on E-ADT technology.


Total flavonoids in phellodendron was extracted by alcohol-ammonium sulfate two-phase aqueous system synergism with ultrasound extraction.Extraction time,ethanol-water ratio,material-solvent ratio and salt concentration on extraction ratio of total flavonoids were studied by experiment of single factor.Basing on single factor experiment,extraction time,ethanol-water ratio and material-solvent ratio were as response factors.Extraction ratio of total flavonoids from phellodendron was as response value.According to Box-Benhnken principle of design,the response surface method included three response factors and three levels and influence conditions on extraction ratio of total flavonoids were determined.The results of experiment showed that the maximum technical conditions were:extraction time 77min,material-solvent ratio 1:26(m/V),ethanol-water ratio 0.71(V/V).


THE .tudy 0/ hurno"l has spanned rna", than a do2en cenluries' and has drawn the Interest 0/ re"" .. hen from a wide van.ty 0/ fields: ..... tIuopohgy. communication, phih$opIty. experimental oodaI psychology. wucat;on. and socIoIo!wTho uso. 01 humor &nd thot hu· ITIOI" response has been SU99O'sted 10 be ", .. ted CO a ..... rlety 0/ oociaI &nd commurDcation functlons llor exo.mp/lo. thotnopy; eduarotion. peBUIa$Ion, and oodaIInA .. "",,~ I However, despite the Inkrest in and lhot '''!!9O's\ed oocioII Importance of hwnor. we ..... no closon 10 dewbping a 9I!ner.>lized theory 0/ humor ttwon we we ... In thot fnI century A n. when QulntHIan complained that no one hid ye1 explained whm laughter war., lhough many had tried IMon .... Il. 1983~ Some 8pp ..... d"'.10 lho 5ludy of hwnor ha .... focuoed on lhe cognltiw. DClMty IowoIved In !he reSpOlU<! 10 humor . .....tillo 01 ...... two"" foc: ..... d on the e,,_ooIaspectI 0/ thal respan"'" Although both «>gnitiw; and .. flecliw; on..n ... tlons h;we laid im"", ... ",grotmdworic foo' tho deve""""",ntOl' a more 9"nerilllill><! theory 0( humor, often lhe mosI basic .... umptlons of ttoo.se 1ho><orIe. """" not been .... led preciselyOf ~ emptr\cally; Tho purpooe 0/ this chapter is CO state Iormally and precisely some of the moot basic assumptlons ........ d by a nwnber 0/ humor theories. and 10 demonsmo(e the ulilfty 0/ mdr\(: mu~idimeouional S<OI1I-.g (MMDS) rnod<!ls lor the explicalion &nd _ 0( \hr;o$c ......... ptions from 8 cognitive perspec. 1!Ye. To accomplish the"" ob;ectives. the r"""""""r 0/ this chapter wiD be


Gait dysfunction is common in advancing Parkinson's disease and has a disappointing response to dopamine replacement and subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation programming parameters. Low‐frequency stimulation, less than 130 Hz in combination with increased voltage, has been shown to decrease freezing episodes and number of steps with little impact on overall performance measured by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. This was in the setting of delivering the same total energy, which required both a change in voltage and frequency. We wanted to determine if the benefit came from low frequency alone.


Agile control of mobile manipulator is challenging because of the high complexity coupled by the robotic system and the unstructured working environment. Tracking and grasping a dynamic object with a random trajectory is even harder. In this paper, a multi-task reinforcement learning-based mobile manipulation control framework is proposed to achieve general dynamic object tracking and grasping. Several basic types of dynamic trajectories are chosen as the training set for the task. To improve policy generalization in practice, random noise and dynamics randomization are introduced during the training process. Extensive experiments show that our trained policy can adapt to unseen random dynamic trajectories with about 0.1 m tracking error and 75% grasping success rate for dynamic objects. The trained policy can also be successfully deployed on a real mobile manipulator.


We analyze the performance of a generic feedback ow control mechanism which captures the properties of several such mechanisms recently proposed in the literature. These mechanisms dynamically regulate the rate of data ow into a network based on feedback information about the network state. They are used in a variety of networks and they have been advocated for upcoming high-speed networks. However, they are diicult to model realistically. In this paper, we present a stochastic discrete-time approach that yields models which are realistic and yet tractable and computationally easy to solve. For our generic mechanism, the feedback consists of an exponentially averaged estimate of the bottleneck service rate and queue size. We obtain a model described by non-linear stochastic diierence equations. We nd the conditions under which these equations converge to a steady-state and we characterize the speed of convergence to steady-state. We then consider a linearized version of the model for which we can derive closed-form solutions. These solutions bring out a tradeoo between eecient steady-state behavior and rapid adaptability to varying network conditions. We indicate how a dynamic averaging technique of the feedback information can overcome this disadvantage. We also identify the cases when the linear model is a good approximation to the non-linear model.


In this paper, the internal high frequency samples of stock index futures are taken as the research object, and the statistical characteristics of the high frequency data in the stock index futures are studied. After determining the stable data, the eGARCH model is used to test the asymmetry of the volatility in the stock index futures. The model parameter estimation results show that all the selected three samples have asymmetry, and the impact of the conditional variance of stock index futures is very strong. The futures market has been greatly shocked, and it will be difficult to disappear in the short term.


The most accurate method of measuring distance and motion is interferometry. This method of motion measurement correlates change in distance to change in phase of an optical signal. As one mirror in the interferometer moves, the resulting phase variation is visualized as motion of interferometric fringes. While traditional optical interferometry can easily be used to measure distance variation as small as 10 nm, it is not a viable method for measuring distance to, or motion of, an object located at a distance grater than half the coherence length of the illumination source. This typically limits interferometry to measurements of objects within <1 km of the interferometer. We present a new interferometer based on phase conjugation, which greatly increases the maximum distance between the illumination laser and the movable target. This method is as accurate as traditional interferometry, but is less sensitive to laser pointing error and operates over a longer path. Experiments demonstrated measurement accuracy of <15 nm with a laser-target separation of 50 times the laser coherence length.


Chinese cities are going through an intense transformation of urbanization, which the world haven't experienced before. Beijing, as the capital, is the first to be affected by both developments and problems through this transformation. The flow of people from rural to urban, and from small cities to large cities is dramatic. The phenomenon of Drifters, migrants in Beijing, started to draw the attention of the whole society since the 1980s. Economic and political restrictions made the life adventures of Drifters hard enough. This project aims to find alternative solutions towards overcrowding densities and housing shortage crisis in Paradise Gateway, Beijing. Although my appeal is not as strong and influential as the Red political specialists, whose lifelong pursue is to prove how our people live in rejoicing based on imagination. I found it is my duty, as an urban planner, to work on a better future for citizens, instead of benumbing people with slogans. Born in Beijing, the author personally experienced the poor traffic condition of the city. Congestion can easily happen anywhere, especially at the peripheral of the city center, which is a clear sign of the overcrowding. Various measures towards congestion have been carried out, from the license-plate lottery to odd-and-even license plate control rule. There are rumors about tolls on ring road are going to be charged in the coming 2017. 'The song for the fifth ring' gains huge popularity among Citizens in Beijing, expressing the mixed feelings about the city's infrastructure. Another part of the motivation of this project is the attempt to reveal the primary cause of congestion in Beijing. In conclusion, the project will aim toward counteracting the quality effects of the mega-residential communities in Beijing. These communities are playing an important role in the settlement of immigrants, where living condition and traffic condition is bad. As density rises, living quality of local citizens goes down. Is there any possibility of revitalizing the giant communities?


The article systematically summarizes the empirical formula for calculating the permeability coefficient in fissured rock mass,which are concluded by scholars in domestic and abroad for past forty years.It also introduces the test method for confirming permeability coefficient and discusses some factors influencing the permeability coefficient.


Recommended Citation Tanya K. Hernandez, Introductory Remarks of Panel II: Legal, Medical, and Ethical Considerations for the Future of Physician-Assisted Suicice Symposium: Physician-Assusted Suicide: Legal Rights in Life and Death: Introductory Remarks of Panel II: Legal, Medicial, and Ethical Considerations for the Future of Physician-Assisted Suicide, 12 St. John's J. Legal Comment 645 (1996-1997) Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/faculty_scholarship/8


In my most important source, the Breadalbane Papers (SRO GD 112), the sections I most used were GDI 12/39 and /40. Correspondence, and /43, State Papers including more correspondence. Since 1986, Dr B.L.H. Horn has produced an excellent complete catalogue of GDI 12, entirely rearranging and renumbering these sections in the process. A new GDI 12/39 has been created, consisting of all the letters in the old /39 and /40, and the letters (but not orders) from /43 the most important being Viscount Dundee's letter of 20 July 1689 rearranged in chronological order. The former reference numbers in the old /39 and /40 are included. The new GD 112/40 is the small section of royal letters, formerly /42; the present /42 consists of miscellanea. The one doubtful policy decision was to break up and disperse between sections the original bundles of letters and documents (in 112/43) assembled for different purposes by Breadalbane's agents while defending him against the 1695 treason charge.


During the lifespan of cells, their genomic DNA is continuously exposed to the endogenous and exogenous DNA insults. Thus, the appropriate cellular response to DNA damage plays a pivotal role in maintaining genomic integrity and also acts as a molecular barrier towards DNA legion-mediated carcinogenesis. The tumor suppressor p53 participates in an integral part of proper regulation of DNA damage response (DDR). p53 is frequently mutated in a variety of human cancers. Since mutant p53 displays a dominant-negative behavior against wild-type p53, cancers expressing mutant p53 sometimes acquire drug-resistant phenotype, suggesting that mutant p53 prohibits the p53-dependent cell death pathway following DNA damage, and thereby contributing to the acquisition and/or maintenance of drug resistance of malignant cancers. Intriguingly, we have recently found that silencing of pro-oncogenic RUNX2 enhances drug sensitivity of aggressive cancer cells regardless of p53 status. Meanwhile, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have stem cell properties such as drug resistance. Therefore, the precise understanding of the biology of CSCs is quite important to overcome their drug resistance. In this review, we focus on molecular mechanisms behind DDR as well as the serious drug resistance of malignant cancers and discuss some attractive approaches to improving the outcomes of patients bearing drug-resistant cancers.


Objective: To compare the eating characteristic between patients with depression/anxiety symptoms and normal coutrols.Methods: Altogether 85 out-patients from department of internal neurology of Beijing Anzhen Hospital whose scores of the Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD) ≥17 and/or Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA) ≥14 were selected as the case group.And 82 healthy adults whose HAMD and HAMA grades were less than 7 point were selected as the control group.Quantitative frequency method was used to investigate the dietary patterns in the two groups.The data of 2002 national survey of citizen diet were used as reference.And the concentrations of blood glucose,lipid,total protein,and albumin were determined.Results:There were no significant difference between the two groups in the intake of carbohydrate(from staple foods),vegetables and fruits.However,the intake of high quality protein from meat,egg,milk and bean was significantly lower in case group than in control group(P0.01).The percentage of daily intake of high quality protein below 20g/d in case group was higher than in control group(72.9% vs.17.1%,P0.01).Comparing with the data of national survey,the high quality protein intake in case group and control group were 51.5% and 108% of national average level respectively.And the intake of animal protein from livestock,poultry and seafood in case group control and group were 25.7% and 82.6% of the national average level.Furthermore,the intake of cholesterol in case group was significantly lower than in control group(P0.01).The cholesterol intake in case group was 61.3% of national average level,and 140.5% in control group.When the data of males and females were analyzed separately,the result was similar to the above.Correlation analysis showed that high quality protein and cholesterol were not correlated with HAMD and HAMA scores.There were no significant differences between tow groups in the levels of blood glucose and serum lipid and serum protein(Ps 0.05).Conclusion: It suggests the dietary structure of patients with depression and anxiety status may be not reasonable,which is characterized by lower intake of high quality protein and cholesterol than daily requirement.


The article deals with the linguistic categorization of mixed emotions, by which it is proposed to understand such cases of verbalizing emotional experience, when two or more nominations of mono-, poly- and ambiocentric emotional states/experiences are combined into a single linear whole. Mixed emotions are considered as a new subject of emotive linguistics research, since the linguistic categorization of mixed emotions differs in its formal and substantive features from the established paradigm of emotivity and means of its explication in modern linguistics. The problem of mixed emotions has not become an object of independent research in linguistics or psychology. However, the position of dual-ity and ambivalence of any emotion is basic in psychology. In literary studies, attention is also paid to the problem of explication of mixed feelings / emotions, but a separate analysis of the structural, compositional, functional, etc. fea-tures of mixed emotions is not carried out. It should also be pointed out that the terminological approach to the problem of mixed emotions and their linguistic embodiment is difficult due to the usual and intuitively clear na-ture of the definition itself. The aspect of the mixed emotion dominant analysis is based on the Pollyanna principle, which explains the reason for the asymmetry of negative and positive evaluation in language and speech. The author formulates the assumption that the situational dominant of a mixed emotion, despite its summative nature, is the postpositive element. The prepositive element of a mixed emotion corresponds to the position of the theme, and the postpositive element corresponds to the rheme; at the cognitive level, the mixed emotion combines its own emotional and a rational evaluation of a certain event, action, or behavior. The example of the translation of text fragments con-taining linguistic expression of mixed emotions confirms the thesis that mixed emotions belong to the space of indefi-nite emotivity, when only the evaluation remains unchanged during translation, and the elements constituting the mixed emotion vary.


Received: 25 January 2000 Returned for revision: 3 April 2000 Accepted: 18 April 2000 Extensive research has focused on the concentration of aglycones within brown boronia (Boronia megastigma) flowers, however emission of volatiles into the headspace above these flowers is not well documented. Using solidphase microextraction (SPME) to trap volatiles and GCMS analysis, we observed 23 volatiles in the headspace above buds and flowers throughout flower maturation, above dissected floral organs and above whole plants held for 36 h under either continuous light, continuous dark or 12 h light:12 h dark:12 h light treatments. Fully-opened flowers emitted the most complex mixture of volatiles and in the greatest quantity, with a rapid decline in senescent flowers. Caryophyllene, humulene and bicyclogermacrene declined as flower buds matured; b-ionone increased. From the individual floral organs, emission from the petaline anthers comprised 38% of total emissions from the (calculated) 'whole flower', with 27% contributed by the petals and 10.5% by the stigma. Monoterpenes dominated the headspace from the calyx; dodecyl acetate, methyl jasmonate and (Z)-n-heptadec-8-ene were relatively predominant in emissions from the androecium. b-Ionone, the major floral volatile in brown boronia, dominated volatiles emitted from the stigma (87%). However, the relatively tiny petaline anthers, active in pollen production and high in carotenoids, contributed the greatest overall amount of b-ionone to emission from the whole flower. There were three diAerent patterns in emission of volatiles from plants in response to diAerent light conditions: (1) emission patterns identical irrespective of light environment, with maximum emission in the 'endogenous' dark period, i.e. when the plant would normally have been in the dark (a-pinene); (2) similar emission in all treatments, with an increase and decline over a period of 26 h (5-acetoxy linalool, cyclic b-ionone, dodecyl acetate and (Z)-n-heptadec-8-ene); and (3) emission in all treatments but enhanced in the dark, with a 27.5 h period in some cases (cyclic b-ionone endoperoxide, dihydro b-ionone, b-ionone, and 'total volatiles'). Preliminary evidence is presented for endogenous control of emission of a number of volatiles such as a-pinene, with perhaps diurnal control of others such as b-ionone. # 2000 Annals of Botany Company


A DESCRIPTIVE SURVEY OF ADULT PSYCHIATRIC DAY TREATMENT CENTERS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA RUTH MARIE BURSTAHLER At the present time there is very l i t t l e informational data available r e l a t i n g to the adult psychiatric day treatment centers in the province o f B r i t i s h Columbia. In recent years the trend in psychiatric care has been to treat people within t h e i r family and community setting. Within the past f i v e years, four new day care centers have been established at various hospitals throughout the province o f B r i t i s h Columbia. The purpose o f thi s d escriptive survey was to provide a composite picture o f the currently functioning adult psychiatric day care centers. A total o f f i v e o f f i c i a l and two u n o f f i c i a l day care programs were surveyed and 290 patient records were examined. The s p e c i f i c areas of i n t e r e s t i n day care functioning centered around; the family and community involvement in the treatment program, the types of treatment that were used, the type o f role the s t a f f carried out, the total program evaluation and a p r o f i l e of the patients who were treated by t h i s modality. To c o l l e c t the data, the researcher used; a questionnaire which was answered in a taped interview, observational v i s i t s to each center, and an examination of the patients' records. The results of the questionnaire indicated that family involvement in the total day program was generally l i m i t e d , group methods of treatment were used which gave the patients a sense of community, and patients were followed-up either by the day care center or by the r e f e r r a l source. Referral of patients to these centers were mainly from in-patient wards, other p s y c h i a t r i s t s and psychiatric c l i n i c s . The c r i t e r i a that was used to terminate a patient's treatment was on the basis of his actual performance i n the program and his level of functioning at home and in the community. This was also the prevalent method used to evaluate the effectiveness of the total treatment program. Sta f f i n these day care centers were both permanent and rotating with t h e i r role function being both s p e c i f i c and generalized. An examination of the patients' records revealed that the average patient was 33 years o l d , generally female, s i n g l e , diagnosed as being depressed, above Grade 11 in education and presently unemployed. Seventy-seven per cent of the patients had previously received psychiatric treatment and the length of stay in the treatment program was 54 days. Findings from this study indicated that a wide variety of patients were treated i n day care, which, had these centers not been a v a i l a b l e , would have been admitted to an in-patient ward. Day care i s not only an alternative to h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n , but i t may be the choice method of treatment for many patients.


Objective To analyze the dietary fatty acids intakes and their food sources among the middle and elderly residents in Nanjing.Methods Based on food-frequency questionnaire and the fatty acids contents in food composition table and some literatures,the in-takes of dietary fatty acids and their food sources were analyzed for a total of 1 096 residents over 45 years old in Nanjing.Results The in-takes of the dietary fatty acids were119.2 g/d and provided 38.57% of total energy for the middle and elderly residents in Nanjing.The in-takes of SFA,MUFA and PUFA were 28.07,39.08 and 40.56 g/d,respectively.The ratio of SFA,MUFA and PUFA(S/M/P) was 1:1.39:1.45,and the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA was 12.07.The majority of SFA came from meat(33.14%) and edible oil(20.02%),the majority of MUFA came from edible oil(31.49%),meat(28.98%) and nuts(19.01%),the majority of PUFA came from edible oil(27.73%),nuts(26.13%) and meat(21.95%).The majority of n-6 PUFA came from edible oil(28.07%),meat(22.28%) and nuts(27.81%).The majority of n-3 PUFA came from edible oil(25.48%),beans and soy products(25.71%),meat(21.14%).Conclusions For the middle and elderly residents in Nanjing,the dietary intakes of fat is higher to provide energy and the ratio of n-6PUFA to n-3PUFA is higher com-pared to that recommended,so total fat the n-6 PUFA intake should be decreased in diet.These mean that the meat amount in dietary should be decreased,the intaking amount of fishes and shrimps should be increased,and the dietary of edible oil should be variety,which will con-tributed to the balance of fatty acids in dietary and will decrease incidence ratio of cardiovascular diseases.


The invention relates to a method for producing low-sugar low-fat lotus paste through enzymolysis processing. The method comprises the following specific steps of: raw material soaking, pectinase addition for peeling, thorough cooking, pulp grinding, enzyme addition for liquidation, burdening, grinding by a colloid grinder, frying, stuffing, packaging and sterilization, and finished product obtaining. The method is characterized in that the peeling by using pectinase is used for replacing conventional subtraction peeling, and after cooked lotus seeds are ground into pulp, one half of pulp is liquefied by using middle-temperature starch, so that the starch in lotus seeds is liquefied into oligosaccharide such as dextrin, trisaccharide and disaccharide; and the other half of ground lotus seeds, sugar, vegetable oil and other ingredients are added into the liquefied lotus seed pulp, and the low-sugar low-fat lotus paste is obtained by using the colloid grinder for grinding the mixture and frying stuffing. Compared with conventional produced lotus paste, the low-sugar low-fat lotus paste produced by the method has the advantages that the addition amounts of white sugar and oil are reduced by about 50%.


To the Editor.—
 Tap water scald burns present a serious, yet highly preventable, injury to children. They can be most easily prevented by reduction of home water heater temperature to safe levels. In order to protect a maximum number of children, efforts have been made to convince the US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) to modify water heater industry policy. In February 1981, the US Consumer Product Safety Commission rejected a petition requesting a maximum setting of 130°F on new water heaters for home use.


It's a mark of distinction for a movie to receive what's sometimes called the Criterion treatment: a carefully managed video release comprising a technically solid digital transfer and a package of supplements that may include a full-length audio commentary; video and/or audio interviews with the director and others who participated in the production; a video essay or two analyzing cinematic qualities of the featured attraction; ancillary materials such as deleted scenes and theatrical trailers; and liner notes by a critic or scholar with expertise in the subject at hand. Founded in 1984, the Criterion Collection has since branched out with secondary ventures such as Eclipse, a no-frills line specializing in overlooked and undervalued films deemed worthy of renewed attention, and FilmStruck, a streaming service that bit the dust after two short years of operation and is now being superseded by The Criterion Channel and a new WarnerMedia streaming platform. Not every Criterion release has been warmly welcomed—cinephiles have hooted at the Michael Bay items—but thoughtful curating is the company's chief stock in trade. All of the above is well known to film enthusiasts, but from time to time I like to pause and salute Criterion for so ably serving the cause of contemporary film culture. (Full disclosure: I have written many program essays for Criterion releases and appeared in an extra or two over the years.) Three recent releases nicely illustrate the variety of the company's efforts. One is Terrence Malick's remarkable drama The Tree of Life, a philosophically ambitious epic that reached the screen in 2011, followed by an extended version that added about 40minutes of additional footage to the theatrical cut. Criterion's edition includes both iterations—for me, the longer cut extends the film without either improving or weakening it—along with a sizable package of mostly worthwhile extras, including analyses by film critic Matt Zoller Seitz, music critic Alex Ross, and sundry documentarians. Reviewing the theatrical version of The Tree of Life in 2011, I wrote that Malick's evident goal is "to evoke the shining of the world with reverence and


With increasing international competition and rapid technological change, it has been emphasized that innovation is critical for technology-intensive firms to gain sustainable competitive advantages. However, we have little knowledge about which types of innovation should be adopted to overcome bottlenecks occurred during the process of firm's growth. From the contingency perspective, this study investigated the nature of incremental innovation and radical innovation reflected in the technological innovation, managerial innovation, institutional innovation and marketing innovation in different stages of the growth of Lenovo, one of famous technology-intensive firms in the PRC. The experience of Lenovo's growth suggested that it's very important to select right innovation strategies throughout its life cycle stages. Based on the case study, we proposed a general model of the strategic decision of innovation for technology-intensive firms in the PRC, the largest emerging economy in the world. It suggested that at the start-up or decline phase, firms should adopt radical innovation for technology, management, institution and marketing. At the growth phase, firms should adopt radical innovation for institution, but incremental innovation for technology, management and marketing. At the maturity phase, firms should adopt incremental innovation for institution, management and marketing, but both incremental and radical innovation for technology.


The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is one of the important measures of the performance of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. This study presents the six principal scan parameters, which effect on SNR of MR images. Those parameters are TR, TE, FOV, slice thickness, matrix size, and NEX respectively. The objects of this study were to observe the dependence of SNR on those scanning parameters and to compare a background-noise method, which estimate the noise from background pixels, with the subtraction method which estimates the noise from the subtraction of two sequentially acquired image. The General Electric Signa 1.5T MRI system and GE 4b-265826 G6 spherical phantom were used for the evaluation of SNR. The Scanning sequence and the scanning parameters were selected by the suggestion of AAPM report no28 an no34. The results obtained over approximately 3,915 minutes of total scan time present clearly the changing rate of the phantom SNR with respect to the increasing or decreasing of each scanning parameter values. The phantom SNR scales directly with FOV, slice thickness and matrix size while the SNR is nonlinear proportional to TR, TE and NEX. Finally, the result shows that the SNR from subtraction method is slightly greater than the SNR from background-noise method.


Sustainable development is the general perspective in which the evaluation issue for internal areas improvement must be seen. This perspective emphasizes network development strategies that adopt parameters of ecological and cultural kind as particular relevant. These development strategies consider quality as the key factor. It is important to stress the role of ecological quality and of what can be defined as the beauty of built and natural environment in the promotion of endogenous local resources, in a multipolar/sistemic perspective. Especially in weak settlement systems, cultural/environmental heritage of high quality can be seen as a reference element from which to start. The above has meaningful consequences on project or planning evaluation procedures. More complex evalu tation procedures than those of traditional appraisal analysis are required to express actually cultural/ecological quality in decision-making process concerning environment changes, i.e. the environmental damage evaluation. If the evaluation aims to foresee the environmental damage it is advisable to shift the economic evaluation frontiers, that is to increase these evaluation efforts in monetary terms of total economic value, and particurarly of existence value as a value reflecting tradition, rare quality, etc. CIE multicriteria analysis and Regime analysis have been proposed as perspective able to help in finding answers about the definition of intervention priorities in the development direction.


This paper explores the use of a space-based laser to clean up small orbital debris from near Earth space. This system's challenge is to quickly and precisely aim the laser beam at very small (<1cm) and distant (<10km) moving orbital debris in the presence of parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. A structure of the laser-based debris tracking system that consists of the debris position sensors, a Fast Steering Mirror, and a telescope is proposed, and its mathematical model is derived. A Kalman Filter is designed to accurately track the orbital debris and generate a command signal for the controller. A second order (specifically, super-twisting) sliding mode controller is designed to follow the command signal in the presence of the parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. A higher order sliding mode differentiator is used to facilitate the proposed super-twisting controller. The efficacy of the proposed control system is assessed via simulations.


Abstract : The report presents methods for calculating the pressure-time history in a chamber exposed to gas overpressure through an entrance duct, emphasizing the overpressure of shock waves. Most of the possible modes of shock-induced flow are considered. Consideration is given to the chamber filled by gas entering through more than one entrance and exiting from the chamber to other ducts or chambers. High-pressure shock tube tests support the equations derived to calculate the chamber-filling pressures. An equation is also developed which gives the transmitted shock pressure in a duct when a known static pressure time is applied to the duct entrance. (Author)


Abstract We report the discovery of widespread millimeter-wavelength Class I methanol maser emission associated with protostellar molecular outflows in the massive (proto)cluster G11.92−0.61. Our ~0.5″-resolution SMA and ALMA observations of the 229 GHz and 278 GHz Class I transitions reveal seven and twelve candidate masers, respectively: all 229 GHz masers have 278 GHz counterparts, and five are also coincident with 44 GHz Class I masers previously detected with the VLA. For paired masers, the peak intensities at 229 GHz and 278 GHz are correlated. We also find tentative evidence for a correlation between the strength of millimeter-wavelength Class I maser emission and the energy of the associated molecular outflow.


Information integration models have been proposed for the understanding of juror and jury decision making (e.g., Kaplan, 1975; Ostrom et al., 1978). Though the model does not adequately describe the task of jurors and juries, the underlying dimensions (i,e., Reliability and validity) may be useful for assessing the mechanism involved in juror and, consequently, jury decision making. A study was undertaken with mock jurors and a case of assault in a trial of GBH and both of the above mentioned dimensions were assessed. A significant multivariate effect mediated by the verdict, was found in both variables. Moreover, the verdict was not explain by the confirmatory bias. Finally, the judicial implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the legal strategies employed by lawyers


The issue of emigration is a very important concern for Albania and Macedonia due to the fact that a high percentage of their population has left the countries in the last two decades, making these two countries one of the countries with the highest emigration percentage flows in the world. Migrant remittances are an increasingly important source of income for both countries. For these two economies, remittances are the largest type of international financial inflow and are larger than either capital inflows or official development assistance. These remittance inflows have allowed domestic consumption and investment to be substantially higher than what would have been possible otherwise and have contributed significantly to the developmental prospects of these two economies. In addition, the outflow of labor from these economies has helped to relieve chronically high unemployment which has characterized them since the transition process began in the early 1990. This paper analyses the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the remittances flows and highlight migration issues that are of specific context for Albania and Macedonia, respectively.


We propose a new kind of compact difference scheme for the computation of the first and second derivatives in the simulation of high-Reynolds number turbulent flows. The scheme combines and truncates the pseudospectral representation of derivative for convergence acceleration. Comparison of the wave resolution property with available optimized compact schemes minimizing the prescribed wave resolution error reveals our scheme's superiority for the same size of stencils without introducing optimization parameters. An accompanying boundary scheme is also proposed with the stability analysis. The proposed scheme is tested for the evaluation of derivatives of a function that decays very slowly in the wavenumber space, and for the simulation of three-dimensional isotropic turbulence.


The availability of undulators with submillimeter periods will profoundly affect the future development of soft x-ray sources and their attendant instrumentation. Outputs comparable to those of present-day conventional undulators, obtainable with much lower energy storage rings, is only one promising aspect of such devices. This paper critically examines some of the future prospects of such devices and describes the design and practical construction of a 1" long prototype consisting of 35 periods. A proposed experiment to test this device on a linac is described.


The paper presents the analysis of operation and processes typical for a modern museum. It shows the
complexity of the institution of museum, its multiparadygmatism and diversity of the programme and educational
offer against the background of structuralist issues occurring in the didactics by Kazimierz Sośnicki.
Selected examples helped show the ability to employ the structural approach to the analysis of selected
elements present in experience and learning in museums.


This article describe the development of a software solution for the
management of academics projects, whose objective is
provide greater participation and interactivity of students in research activities
in undergraduate courses, as well as facilitate the management of these by
teacher researcher, that often takes time and effort to follow the development of
the work performed. Moreover, it shows the effectiveness of the system in a
digital terminal, intended to interactive assistance and access to information.


Most of the 14C measurements reported here were made between October 1982 and October 1983. Equipment, measurement, and treatment of samples are as reported previously (R, 1968, v 10, p 36–37; 1976, v 18, p 290; 1980, v 22, p 1045). Age calculations are based on a contemporary value equal to 95% of the activity of NBS oxalic acid standard (No. 4990A) and on the conventional half-life for 14C of 5568 yr. Results are reported in years before 1950 (years bp). Errors quoted with the dates are based on counting statistics alone and are equivalent to ± 1 standard deviation (±σ).


By analyzing and integrating established geological field study instances, this study offered a new geological field excursion teaching model with several steps: unifying question raising. excursion generalization. intensive field direction, searching, primary conclusion, re-searching, group discussion. adjustment, and excursion summarizing. Then by Qualitatively assaying the responses which students showed after applying this teaching model, a concrete teaching plan was sought for earth science teachers who were planning to begin geological field excursion classes. Students evaluated very highly on the unifying question and excursion generalization because these items provided a sense of direction and an overall theme for geological excursion in advance. Also. since the students had little to none geological knowledge and field excursion experience, the intensive field direction gave them a lot of help with their field excursion activities. Students thought that coming up with a primary conclusion based on the summary of what they had observed in their activities was original. and highly valued the process of sharing different opinions in group discussions and drawing out a final conclusion. Teachers should help students develop a friendly atmosphere, by organizing group activities and continuously feedlng them with uniting questions and excursion generalization within the groups. Also they should prepare enough contents for intensive field direction and ways to get their points across. In the process, they should arrange beforehand detailed instructions for every outcome, with the intention of solving the question. Furthermore. teachers should follow carefully how conclusions are drawn. instruct students not to reach conclusions based on mere assumptions, and be aware of misconceptions students have toward geological phenomenon in advance, so that the discussion can be lead in the right direction.


Genome sequencing has enabled the detection of unprecedented numbers of new pharmacogene variants. However, interpreting how these variants affect pharmacogene biology and ultimately drug response is difficult. Multiplexed assays for variant effects (MAVEs) leverage high throughput DNA sequencing to assess the functional consequences of thousands of variants simultaneously. We discuss the utility of largescale functional data in pharmacogene variant interpretation and suggest that implementing MAVEs could empower pharmacogenetics and improve patient care.


The present invention discloses a power quality device and a control means, the control means comprising: a analysis module, the power supply information network sampling obtain samples, and the sample information analyzed and calculated to output instruction information; N instructions tracking control module, receives the instruction information and information tracking, to output N of the PWM control signal to control the power quality device instruction, wherein the analysis module and N of said tracking control modules operation based on a synchronizing signal, a phase difference exists between the N predetermined PWM control signal, wherein N is a positive integer ≧ 2. The control device of the present invention can greatly reduce the performance requirements on the processing unit, and the cost can be reduced.


We consider a group G of finite order g = pag′ where p is a prime number and (p, g′) = 1. Let Ω be the algebraic number field which contains the p-th roots of unity. Let K1, K2,…, Kn be the classes of conjugate elements in G and the first m(≦n) classes be p-regular. There exist n distinct (absolutely) irreducible characters x 1, x 2,…, x n of G.


As early adopters of Windows 7 here at MIT's Sloan School of Management we were spending a lot of time on data migration. The greater the number of machines that we deployed with Windows 7, the more envy and desire arose throughout the community. Being a high-touch department and catering to such desires, as well as the rise in Windows XP malware infections, we found that too much of our time was being siphoned away by the tedious art of moving data manually. We needed a solution.
 Since User State Migration Tool 4.0 (USMT) is a free and highly customizable tool we decided it was the best route. We will review how and why we implemented USMT, first looking into some of the general terminology that is used and then the specifics of our execution. This includes: the reasoning behind our storage method, our batch scripts, what [data types] we include and exclude, and how we were able to automate the entire process of capturing the data and putting it back down onto a new device. We will also discuss the time and energy saved by not only the technician but also the user.


The conditions of possibility of circulation and appropriation of biologicist, hygienist and deterministic ideas in Colombia in the early twentieth century can be understood from the importance that a certain sector of the intellectual elite, which was mainly educated in Europe or in contact with it, gave through its various discourses to the race issue. First, from medicine, understood in its broadest spectrum as a knowledge, and then from politics and law; period in which it is identified the role of medicine in legal reforms or in issuance of rules for what society demanded at that time, in the perspective of social control over individuals and the population, in general.


The so-called tertiary lesions are not a necessary consequence of the syphilitic infection. They occur according to Finger's statistics, only in 5 to 40 per cent. of the cases; and Haslund, Mauriac and Neumann give the still lower figures of 5 to 15 per cent. No case of syphilitic infection is, however, safe from the possibility of their occurrence; and the length of time that has elapsed since the commencement of the disease is no guarantee against their appearance. Fournier reports a well authenticated case occurring fifty years after the initial lesion; and tertiarism appearing ten or fifteen years after the sclerosis is not uncommon. The average and most common time, however, is five years. On the other hand, they may appear quite early in malignant syphilis; Mauriac reported a case in which gummata occurred a few months after the infecting chancre, forming what the French call syphilis maligne precoce


The ionization yield of molecular hydrogen exposed to intense laser pulses is studied as a function of the internuclear distance R. The results obtained by means of the full solution of the three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) describing electronic motion are compared with those predicted by the quasi-static approximation (QSA). It is found that for laser pulses with a wavelength of 800 nm and peak intensities between 3.5 × 1013 W cm−2 and 1 × 1014 W cm−2 the QSA predicts an R dependence that is in qualitative agreement with the TDSE results, provided a vertical ionization potential is used in the QSA model. The quantitative agreement depends, however, strongly on the laser intensity. While the yields for 800 nm vary smoothly with R, this is not the case for 266 nm (and 3.5 × 1013 W cm−2). As expected, for these parameters the ionization dynamics is better described as a multi-photon process; it is strongly influenced by channel closing and the appearance of resonantly enhanced multi-photon ionization.


Anassembly for the measurementof vapor pressures of liquid solutions is shown schematically in Fig. 1. Liquid mixture was introduced into an equilibrium cell A made of Pyrex glass with a volume of approximately 50 cm3. The system was evacuated to a pressure below 10~5 mmHgusing an oil diffusion pump through a cock G. Dissolved gases in liquid mixture were also removed. After degasing, the cell was immersed in a water bath. The temperature of water bath was maintained within ^0.02°C. Sufficient time was allowed for attainment of thermal equilibrium, then the cock


The present invention is an inexpensive, yet the capacitance of possible electrostatic protection paste such as by small variations, and an object thereof is to provide an electrostatic protection component and a manufacturing method thereof using the same. Therefore, the electrostatic protection paste for forming an electrostatic protective film, the silicone resin is a binder, and based kneaded only two of the conductive particles and insulating particles, these conductive particles and insulating particles It does not perform special processing. The conductive particles are aluminum powder, the insulating particles are zinc oxide powder, whereas even 100 parts by weight silicone resin, said aluminum powder is 60 parts by weight to 200 parts by weight, the zinc oxide powder and 60 parts by weight to 160 parts by weight. When manufacturing the ESD protection component, the upper electrode is screen printed first, and then screen printing electrostatic protective film from. Further, simultaneously baking an upper electrode was screen printed, and a static electricity protection film.


Variation in the third chromosome of Drosophila persimilis along an altitudinal transect in the Yosemite region of California consists of a gradient in relative frequencies of the four major gene. arrangements (Dobzhansky, 1948 ~ Spiess, 1950). Within each local population these gene arrangements often display different adaptive values indicatin~ that ea~h ~on sists of different alleles In combinations which are most useful to the species in that area. In order to be able to attribute the gradient to genetic or ecological causes or both, it is necessary to analyze the many properties of the gene arrangements and compare the findings from each locality along the transect. . . Among the several types of variatron which might be controlled by genes on the third chromosome and which might have adaptive significance for insects living along an altitudinal gradient, those pertaining to flight are likely to be of first rank importance. Wing-beat frequency is known to be dependent on many physical and physiological factors such as air temperature, air density, age of insect, sex, species, size of wing, and volume of th?racic musculature (Chadwick and WIlliams, 1949; Reed, Williams, and Chadwick 1942; Williams and Reed, 1944). The 'adaptive significance of variation~ in wing size and wing-beat frequency 1.S a matter of speculation, however. Certainly compensation for density of air with altitude must be important to the fly from the standpoint of lift efficiency of the wing, a factor conceivably important in general activity, rates of dispersal, sexual activity, energy utilization, and so on: The natu~e of variation in flight mechanisms over this altitudinal transect is, then, complicated by many considerations, but is nevertheless a source of information which might prove useful in the search for a genetic basis for the gradient in frequencies of gene arrangements. Flies from three localities carrying the Whitney and Klamath gene arrangements were tested in order to answer the following questions: 1) Do the two arran?ements differ in genic content affecting wing-beat or wing size? 2) Does the heterozygous condition for the arrangements confer heterosis to any measurable extent? 3) Is there any change in flight characteristics accompanying increase in altitude? The strains of D. persimilis used for these tests were collected a) during the summer of 1950 by Th. Dobzhansky at Mather (el. 4600') and Mono Lake (el. 6600') and b) during February, 1948, by Carl Epling at Jacksonville (el. 850'). Mather and Jacksonville are on the we~t ern slope of the Sierra Nevada while Mono Lake is on the eastern slope. (For a description of the areas, see Dobzhansky, 1948.)


Theory to explain how plants defend themselves against herbivorous insects is rich, but can be difficult to test. Biological invasions provide unique opportunities to test and improve upon plant defense theory, as plants experience predictable shifts in insect herbivory after introduction to a new range. Here, we use an invasion to evaluate the power of three cornerstone hypotheses to predict the evolution of defense against herbivorous insects. These three hypotheses represent increasing refinements of classic plant‐insect theory regarding optimal defense, and each rests on the same three assumptions: that introduced plant populations escape natural enemies, that insect herbivory reduces plant fitness, and that putative defenses decrease herbivory. These assumptions remain untested in most invasions, which likely contributes to conflicting support for many plant defense hypotheses. We provide evidence that these assumptions are met in common mullein, Verbascum thapsus L. (Scrophulariaceae), which we propose can thus be used as a model system to test plant defense theory. We find that the hypothesis that integrates predictions of within‐plant optimal defense theory and the evolutionary dilemma model (i.e., the 'shifting defense allocation' hypothesis) provides strong insights into both invasion and evolution of plant defense. Specifically, we show that introduced populations that escape important specialist herbivores increase the concentration of secondary compounds in high‐quality tissue in particular, in this case protecting valuable young leaves from generalist herbivores that dominate in the introduced range. We would not have detected this shift without exploring within‐plant defense allocation across native and introduced populations, a task rarely undertaken when assessing evolutionary change in plant defenses. This finding provides broad insight into how native and introduced plant populations alike may respond to shifts in herbivore pressure. We close by highlighting future directions of inquiry using introduced plant populations to develop and test plant defense theory more generally.


Introduction: CAIs are thought to be among the first solids formed in the early Solar System (ESS). As such, they are prime samples to study when (1) investigating ESS high-temperature processes, and (2) searching for evidence of short-lived radionuclides at the time of formation of the SS. A recent systematic study of fine-grained CAIs characterized by a Group II REE pattern from Allende [1], found an extremely large U excess (U >50 ‰ rel. to CRM-112a) in one sample: ME-3364 3.2. The discovery of this large U excess provides definite evidence of the existence of live Cm in the ESS, as previously suggested by [2]. In this study, we analyzed the oxygen isotope compositions and Al-Mg systematics of CAI ME-3364 3.2 to constrain the conditions of its formation. Method: Petrologic and mineralogical studies were carried out by SEM equipped with EDS at UCLA. Secondary minerals such as nepheline, sodalite, Fe-rich pyroxene, and Fe-rich spinel were observed in ME-3364 3.2. Analyses for oxygen isotopes and Al-Mg systematics were performed on the IMS 1270 ion probe in UCLA. The instrumental mass fractionation for both oxygen and Mg isotopes was corrected by comparison to San Carlos olivine, pyroxene and Burma spinel. Excesses in Mg (Mg*) were calculated by adopting an exponential law with a mass fractionation exponent of 0.516 obtained from the analysis of standards. Results and Discussion: Despite being U-anomalous and full of secondary phases, the oxygen isotopic compositions of this fine-grained CAI are not too different from those of other nonFUN CAIs. The ΔO values of sodalite and nepheline range from -20‰ to -5‰, similar to values previously obtained on Efremovka fine-grained CAIs [3]. Oxygen isotopes are fractionated slightly along a mass dependent fractionation line at ΔO~ 7‰, which could be caused by imperfect corrections for instrumental mass fractionations due to the lack of proper standards for fine-grained CAIs. Large excesses in Mg have been identified in ME-3364 3.2 over a large range of Al/Mg values (from 42 to 667), yet the data do not define an isochron. Instead, the Mg excess is approximately uniform across all spots analyzed. All the spots are characterized by large but variable negative Mg (from ~ -9‰ to -19‰). The elevated, yet homogenous, Mg* and negative Mg in ME-3364 3.2 indicates Mg isotope exchange must have taken place in a closed system to avoid dilution with chondritic Mg, although our data cannot constrain a reliable timescale of formation of the secondary phases. Further investigation is required to explain Mg excesses and negative Mg associated with U depletion in this fine-grained inclusion.


Across the world, in countries with permissive or restrictive existing legislation, debates about Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide (EAS) continue to grip politicians, ethicists, physicians and the wider public. Early debates about EAS focused on whether it could ever be ethical for a physician to actively cause the death of a patient. However, most contemporary writers, including most of the contributors to this special double issue of the JME appear to accept that such actions could, in some circumstances, be ethical. Current debate is mostly focused instead on which actions are permissible, when they are permissible, and what safeguards are necessary to protect the vulnerable.


Regulation is one of the most important tools for government to achieve its social and economic policy objectives. Since it has a great impact on social and economic life of a country, regulation has been an area of political debate and economic research in every country. In the literature, three general theories exist on the origin of and the rationale for government regulation: the public interest theory, the Chicago theory of regulation and the public choice theory. Once the rationales for government intervention have been identified, then the question of how desired regulatory outcomes can be achieved at lower cost arises. The answer to the question is heavily concerned with the regulatory design, no matter which theory is considered. This paper focuses on the regulatory design and ways of better regulation making processes. It is possible to identify a general framework that provides a rigorous and systematic approach to improve quality of both new and existing regulations. This framework includes the use of regulatory impact assessment along with a comprehensive public consultation process and a systematic consideration of alternatives to regulation as well as administrative burden reduction and simplification plans. Countries' experiences seem to indicate that, if appropriately designed, this framework would be valuable to achieve good regulation. The paper also aims to elaborate on the Turkey's regulatory system and evaluate its effectiveness. Even though Turkey's regulatory environment has significantly changed mainly due to the pressures of external forces (namely IMF, World Bank, OECD and the European Union), it still has some weaknesses. * Assoc. Prof. Ali Alp, Finance and Accounting at TOBB Economics and Technology University. ** Saim Kılıç, PhD at the University of Gazi, Turkey and Senior Expert at the Capital Markets Board of Turkey. He writes here in a personal capacity and the views expressed in this paper are not necessarily those of the Capital Markets Board of Turkey.


The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic increasingly weighs on the US psyche as it exposes structural inequities, intensifies long-standing mental health access challenges, and vastly increases the number of individuals in need of treatment. Neuropsychiatric sequelae1 have developed in some survivors after COVID-19 infection, whereas others have been traumatized in their roles as frontline health care workers and first responders. Still others have been stricken with new anxiety or depressive disorders, while those with preexisting mental health problems have seen their conditions worsen amid social distancing directives. As demands on our already strained and specialty-focused mental health care system increase, one of the most promising solutions for the pandemic's unique needs is expediting the integration of mental and physical health care in the primary care setting, with the collaborative care model (CoCM) being an extensively evidencebased strategy. Over the past 2 decades, more than 80 randomized clinical trials have validated the efficacy of CoCM across diverse settings, diagnoses, and populations.2 The model relies on a specially trained behavioral health care manager (often, but not necessarily, a licensed clinical social worker or registered nurse) to practice in concert with primary care practitioners (PCPs) and evaluate patients' mental health care needs using common patientreported outcome instruments (eg, the 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire for depression), all while receiving regular input and supervision from a designated psychiatric consultant. Such supervision may be provided by any licensed mental health professional qualified to prescribe the full range of psychiatric medications. Through structured case reviews, the behavioral health care manager and psychiatric consultant jointly develop a treatment plan for each patient, which may include medication recommendations to the PCP, shortterm psychotherapy, or both. When deemed necessary by the CoCM team, psychiatric consultants may see patients individually for a limited number of in-person or telehealth visits to assist with diagnostic clarification. Notably, CoCM is financially supported by novel billing codes recognized by Medicare and many other public and commercial payers, making the model financially sustainable.3 The pressing need for large-scale CoCM implementation is underscored by the fact that our current specialty mental health care delivery system is unable to meet the expected service demands of the pandemic and beyond. Even before COVID-19, access to mental health care was limited throughout the United States. Mental health specialists remain largely confined to solo-clinician practices in urban areas and have poor participation in insurance networks. These factors often result in mental health services being geographically distant from many patients, delivered out of insurance networks (leading to higher out-of-pocket treatment costs), and effectively siloed from medical teams. Use of CoCM provides solutions, summarized in the Table, to these and many other problems that have been exacerbated by or emerged because of COVID-19.2-5 CoCM brings specialty expertise directly into the setting where most mental health problems are already being treated: primary care. Although CoCM may increase the number of mental health visits for PCPs, the integrated and coordinated nature of care delivered through the model ultimately reduces preventable use and demands on PCPs and the health care system overall.6 Furthermore, with primary care increasingly delivered via video chats and secure messaging, CoCM can capitalize on telemedicine to facilitate geographic flexibility for patients and clinicians in this virtual clinical space. Although behavioral health care managers must be prepared to conduct in-person visits if needed, they are encouraged to use the electronic medical record, telephony, and video conferencing for patient care whenever possible.5 Using the same technology, the CoCM team can communicate with PCPs as needed. Of note, CoCM billing codes are designed to account for services delivered between face-to-face visits and are billed in the name of the PCP, thereby partially mitigating specialty mental health insurance network adequacy problems. Coupled with recent telehealth billing flexibility for physician services, this means that all facets of CoCM— including individual virtual visits between the patient and psychiatric consultant—are billable in the COVID-19 era. Leveraging telehealth also allows CoCM to extend the clinical reach of scarce mental health specialists to include large numbers of patients over expansive geographic areas. Through weekly case review sessions of 1 or 2 hours with each behavioral health care manager, a single psychiatrist can contribute his or her mental health expertise to as many as 100 patients. In addition, because psychiatric consultants are not required to see patients in person, co-location with the behavioral health care manager is not essential and the consultants can make clinical recommendations for patients living in rural or underserved areas without needing to travel long distances. This operational flexibility also allows more than 1 psychiatric consultant to fill the role in the common scenario where a single professional cannot be secured longitudinally. Of note, other previously described CoCM implementation challenges remain formidable amid the COVID-19 VIEWPOINT


In this paper, we discuss the extraction motion vectors in weather radar images. Our goal is to provide fast computable but still reliable nowcasting of precipitation. The problem is analogous to motion extraction and extrapolation in satellite images, especially in cases where background has been screened off by some method. Our emphasis is on optical flow algorithm, which is an alternative to autocorrelation based motion detection algorithms. For implementation, we suggest fast, sliding-window based computing techniques as well as usage of data quality information.


Traditional neural network methods cannot make full use of the potential relationships between multiple variables in industrial processes due to their nonlinearity and coupling complex relationship, then multivariate time series forecasting is challenging. In this paper, a novel graph neural network model for multivariate time series forecasting is proposed based on spatiotemporal causal discovery. First, a spatiotemporal causal discovery algorithm is designed to extract the potential relationships between multiple temporal variables, then the multivariate time series spatiotemporal causal graph is constructed. Next, the graph convolution network module and the gated temporal convolution network module are integrated to extract the potential causal relationship, short-term dependence and long-term dependence of multiple variables. Finally, Experiments on a real industrial dataset show that our proposed method has higher prediction accuracy and broad application prospects in industrial processes and other complex systems of multivariate time series.


People with physical disabilities are at a higher risk of developing secondary physical and mental health conditions, such as fatigue, obesity, and depression. The purpose of this study was to explore female Paralympic athlete views of effective and ineffective coaching practices. Individual semistructured interviews were conducted with 8 athletes who achieved an average of 8 combined Paralympic and Parapan American medals. A hierarchical content analysis revealed the athletes' perceptions and experiences of both effective and ineffective coaching strategies and behaviors, including how these experiences affected them on a personal and professional level. All athletes achieved tremendous athletic accomplishments and recognized the importance and value of their coaches in helping them reach such high standards of success. In addition, the participants spoke about male coaches inappropriately addressing their disability and gender and how it negatively influenced their psychological well-being. These results are particularly troublesome when you consider that females with a disability are more susceptible to experiencing discrimination, exclusion, or harassment and more likely to experience body image issues compared to their male counterparts. This research adds to the small body of coaching knowledge in parasport and is one of the first studies to include an all-female sample of Paralympic athletes. In addition, it offers a number of practical implications for coaches, athletes, and the Paralympic community. Lay Summary: This study adds to the small body of coaching knowledge in parasport by interviewing female Paralympic athletes. Athletes talked about coaches who enhanced their athletic performance and personal development, whereas others spoke about male coaches inappropriately addressing their disability and gender and how it negatively influenced their psychological well-being.


China is a multi-national country with fifty-six nationalities living in different areas.Because of their different social,economic,historical and cultural backgrounds,they have quite different customs.The effective protection of the customs in the minority areas of China relies on the perfecting of the intellectual property rights and the establishment of a legal system,which should be helpful to the solution of the existing problems and crises.


This paper introduces the status at home and abroad on the property management participating from beginning period.Combining with the typical engineering cases,it discusses the necessity and importance of the property management participating from beginning period.So it appeals to everyone to pay more attention of the property management participating from beginning period.Promoting the whole property management's construction quality to avoid the unnecessary losses.


The article provides an overview of the development of historiography concerning the Catholic Church of Argentina since the 1960's. The authors have paid particular attention to changes that were introduced in the perspectives and methods from the 1980s onwards, when the Catholic Church and Catholicism began to be valued as an object of study in the academic field and analyzed according to a method excluding religion. The text is divided into two parts: the first one is devoted to studies of colonial history and the nineteenth century, and the second one to the twentieth century.


Prior research has demonstrated that parental control, parental criticism, and parental acceptance are associated with social anxiety in youth (Wood, McLeod, Sigman, Hwang, & Chu 2003). However, researchers have not examined how these parenting behaviors might impact youth treatment responses. Research in this area has also relied almost exclusively on self and childreport measures. The current study used a newly developed behavioral observation coding system to observe: (1) parental control; (2) parental criticism; (3) quality of parent-child interaction (parental acceptance); (4) parental monitoring of youth anxiety; and (5) discussion of emotion in the context of a public speaking exposure therapy for socially anxious youth (n=39) ages 8-16 years (M = 10.82, SD = 1.94). It was hypothesized that (1) parents of socially anxious youth would exhibit higher levels of parental control, parental negativity, and parental monitoring of youth anxiety, (2) that the quality of interaction would be lower in socially anxious parent-child dyads, and (3) that parents of socially anxious youth would be less likely to discuss emotions with their children. Results demonstrated that parents of socially anxious youth offered significantly more praise than parents of non-socially anxious youth, (F(1, 33) = 5.662, p = 0.023). Parents of socially anxious youth also offered higher levels of directive help (F(1, 33) = 3.713, p = 0.063), although this finding was only trending towards significance. Potential explanations for these findings are discussed and directions for future research are offered. MALADAPTIVE AND PROTECTIVE PARENTING BEHAVIORS 3 Introduction Social phobia is one of the most prevalent pathologies for youth, with an estimated lifetime prevalence rate of 12.1% (Ruscio et al., 2008). Social phobia in youth is associated with social isolation, academic impairment and truancy, and the development of depression and substance abuse (Beidel, Turner, & Morris, 1999). If left untreated, the disorder continues to impair functioning into adulthood across both social and academic domains (Beidel, Fink, & Turner, 1996). The chronic course of the disorder and its significant associated impairment highlights the importance of the development of effective treatment programs for anxious youth. Several treatments have been developed to date. The most common treatment for youth anxiety is childfocused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), which is classified as a "probably efficacious" treatment for childhood anxiety disorders (Albano and Kendall, 2002). However, there is considerable variability in treatment response rates to CBT across studies (Barmish & Kendall, 2005). Therefore, factors associated with treatment response rates must be identified in order to enhance treatment efficacy. Parenting may be one such factor. Several studies have supported the intuitive hypothesis that parent behaviors are associated with youth treatment outcomes. For example, Crawford & Manassis (2001) found that child perceptions of high family dysfunction predicted poor treatment outcome. Berman et al. (2000) found that parent psychopathology differentiated positive and negative treatment responders. These findings suggest that including a parental component in treatment for youth may enhance maintenance of treatment gains and treatment generalizability (Barmish et al., 2005). According to a recent meta-analysis, nine randomized controlled trials of CBT including MALADAPTIVE AND PROTECTIVE PARENTING BEHAVIORS 4 a parent component have been conducted (Barmish et al., 2005). The results of the nine randomized controlled trials were mixed, with some studies reporting enhanced treatment outcomes for treatments including a parent component and other studies reporting no effect of an additional parent component. Cobham et al. (1998), for instance, found that inclusion of a parental anxiety management (PAM) component improved treatment outcome for children who had at least one anxious parent. However, in the only long-term follow-up study conducted on parent involvement in CBT to date, Barrett, Dadds, & Rappee (1996) found that inclusion of parents had no significant impact on treatment outcome. Barmish et al. (2005) concluded from these findings that "additional comparative research is needed and that the acceptance of either approach as superior is not yet justified" (p. 579). The current study hopes to add to this body of literature by focusing on parent behaviors in the context of a critical component of CBT for anxious youth – the exposure (Kendall, Robin, Hedtke, & Suveg, 2006). An exposure begins with the development of what is called a "fear hierarchy" (Hambrick et al., 2003). A fear hierarchy is an ordered list of the child's anxietyprovoking situations. Children agree to expose themselves to each situation on the hierarchy, beginning with the least feared situation and gradually working up towards the most feared situation. Children are asked to remain in each exposure setting until their fear subsides. Public speaking tasks are at the top of most socially anxious youth's fear hierarchies, which is why a public speaking task was selected for the current study. Exposures may mitigate anxiety in several ways. First, anxious individuals often avoid anxiety-provoking situations, such as a speech in class, because they are anxious about the consequences of being in these situations. During an exposure, the individual learns that being in the anxiety-provoking situation will not lead to the imagined catastrophic outcome. The anxiety MALADAPTIVE AND PROTECTIVE PARENTING BEHAVIORS 5 is consequently reduced through natural conditioning mechanisms. Second, successful completion of an exposure provides information that contradicts catastrophic cognitions, such as "everyone will laugh at me if I give this speech." A successful exposure provides evidence to the contrary (Hambrick et al., 2003). Very little research has been conducted to date on the involvement of parents in this critical component of CBT. Despite the lack of research, parents are often involved in facilitating youth exposures in real-world contexts, as children undergoing treatment are not yet selfsufficient. For instance, the parent may be involved in encouraging the child to participate in the exposure and rewarding the child following successful completion of an exposure. Consequently, research on how parent behaviors may mediate youth response to exposure is important in order to optimize youth treatment outcomes. The parent variables of interest in this study are parental control, parental criticism, parental monitoring of youth anxiety, discussion of emotion, and quality of the parent-child interaction. Parental control, parental criticism, and quality of the parent-child interaction are three parenting constructs that have received particular attention in the literature (Wood et al., 2003). Parental monitoring of youth anxiety and discussion of emotion are novel parenting constructs that have not been examined by past researchers. Parental monitoring of youth anxiety and discussion of emotion are valuable constructs to examine because they are particularly relevant in the context of exposures and have been observed in clinical settings during exposure therapies. Quality of parent-child interaction corresponds with parental acceptance, which has received much empirical attention in the literature on youth anxiety disorders. Parental acceptance is characterized by parental warmth, responsiveness, and positivity towards the child. MALADAPTIVE AND PROTECTIVE PARENTING BEHAVIORS 6 Many studies have supported the association between high parental acceptance and low childhood anxiety. Scott, Scott, & McCabe (1991), for instance, asked adolescents from around the globe to fill out a questionnaire on parental acceptance. The parents and teachers of each adolescent also filled out a questionnaire indicating the adolescent's anxiety levels. The study found that adolescents who self-reported higher levels of parental acceptance were rated as less anxious than adolescents who self-reported lower levels of parental acceptance. In another study, Whaley, Pinto, & Sigman (1999) developed an observational coding system to assess the warmth of mothers as they discussed anxiety-provoking topics with their children. Mothers of anxious youth were rated as less accepting than mothers of non-anxious controls. Parental control is on the opposite end of the spectrum as parental acceptance. Parental control is defined as "a pattern of excessive regulation of children's activities and routines, autocratic parental decision-making, overprotection, or instruction to children on how to think and feel" (Wood et al., 2003). Many studies have supported the relationship between parental control and youth anxiety. For instance, Hudson & Rapee (2001) observed mothers and children as they completed two cognitively taxing tasks. Mothers of clinically anxious youth were significantly more controlling than mothers of non-anxious children. A recent meta-analysis also analyzed studies examining the relation between parental control and youth anxiety. Results across all the studies included in the meta-analysis cumulatively demonstrated a "substantial association" between parental control and childhood anxiety (van der Bruggen, Stams, & Bogels, 2008). Researchers have also found that parental negativity is correlated with youth anxiety disorders. Ginsburg, Grover, & Ialongo (2005), for instance, observed mothers and their children participating in a challenging task. Coders rated these interactions along several dimensions, MALADAPTIVE AND PROTECTIVE PARENTING BEHAVIORS 7 including parental criticism/negativity. The researchers then followed up with the families six years later. Results showed that higher levels of parental criticism during the challenging task were associated with higher levels of child anxiety at the six-year foll


Basically Differentiated Instructional Methodology using in all types of deferent able students means different readiness level ,Achievement level ,Interest level and Learning style level also. Researcher using REACH model among 8 th STD student to


Background: Hypertensive disorders are the most common medical disorders during pregnancy. It increases maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The incidence is 7 to 10%. Identifying high risk patients and close monitoring can reduce the complications. Lactate dehydrogenase is a useful biochemical marker and can be used to evaluate maternal complications like Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), HELLP syndrome (Haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and lowered platelets), pulmonary edema, renal failure and fetal complications like Fetal growth restriction (FGR) APGAR score ≤7 at 5 min and Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions. The objective of this study was to estimate serum Lactate dehydrogenase levels (LDH) in pre-eclampsia patients and study the correlation between increased LDH levels and maternal and fetal outcome.Methods: It was a prospective study from October 2015 to May 2017 at M. S. Ramaiah medical college and hospitals, Bangalore.Results: The incidence of maternal and foetal complications was increased with higher serum LDH levels. With serum LDH >than 600 IU/l the incidence of HELLP syndrome, DIC, pulmonary edema was statistically significant. It also correlated with increased creatinine levels and decreased platelets with p value<0.001. The foetal complications including FGR NICU admission and Apgar score <7 at 5 min was statistically significant. The liver enzymes and serum creatinine correlated with increased LDH levels.Conclusions: Maternal and foetal complications are increased with raised LDH levels, and it can be used as a biochemical marker to achieve a better outcome.


For the first time partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas over layered perovskite-type oxides Nd2-xCaxCoO4±δ and La2-xSrxCoO4±δ (x = 0.75; 1.0) was investigated. New catalyst NdCaCoO3.96 for partial oxidation of methane was suggested allowing the selectivity toward synthesis gas close to 100% with 90% of CH4 conversion (T = 900oC; CH4/O2 = 2; W = 20 L·g-1·h-1; Russian patent № 2433950, 21/04/2010). The catalyst was active and stable at least for 140 h, no trend to deactivation was observed. Based on XRD, SEM and TEM results it was determined that high activity and selectivity of NdCaCoO3.96 as well as stability in partial oxidation of methane are due to its transformation during reaction of initial structure to nanosized particles of metallic cobalt dispersed in Nd2O3-CaO matrix. It was observed that the activity of synthesized layered perovskite-type oxides in partial oxidation of methane depends both on the size of the formed active metallic particles and on the stability of initial structure.