In this paper I argue that we must resist succumbing to language, concepts and meanings that seek to "shrink" or colonise us. This resistance must, in my opinion, extend to health services and therapeutic practices well as to the concepts of autism and intersectionality. I hope to show how my understanding of resistance is playful rather than hostile, moving from "either/or" to "both/and".


Tracking applications environmental monitoring, battlefield surveillance, health care solutions are the applications for which wireless sensor network has been studied widely. In this paper various topologies are explored from which optimal topology is to be chosen. For improved network topology in wireless sensor network this system also explore the optimal node distribution. As the distribution of nodes is supposed to be regular or uniform but in real environment they may not be employed uniformly which could lead to huge smash on network properties. Further AOMDV algorithm is introduced which is an efficient topology maintenance algorithm which works for routing strategy. Based on analysis of network properties of various topologies optimal topology is to be chosen.


'Demonetisation' has been a gigantic economic experiment in the history of India. It has been largely accepted by observers that the pronounced objectives of demonetization were noble ones that included elimination of black money, curbing of counterfeiting, controlling terrorism and moving the nation to a cashless age. With the demonetisation of legal tender of Rs. 1,000 and Rs. 500 on 8th November,2016, the counterfeit notes or currencies have gone out of circulation immediately, leading to a decline in terror-funding as well as terrorist activities. Demonetisation not only led to an immediate elimination of black money but also paralysed the Hawala rackets operating within the economy. Despite this, however, the fact remains that demonetization was followed by an immediate decline in the growth rate within the economy although the long term economic effects of this move are yet to be seen or examined. It must be further noted that the demonetisation move has been beset with several problems arising particularly due to poor management and implementation.


Academic writing skills have become an essential aspect that Indonesian students must focus on,  especially for those planning or pursuing their postgraduate studies abroad. The current research investigates the difficulties Indonesian students face who currently pursue or recently completed their postgraduate studies in seven countries with different majors. The subject was seven Indonesian students who studied in India, Australia, the United Kingdom, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Poland. The researcher used the qualitative research method under the phenomenology procedure to collect the data. Two questionnaires in the form of open-ended questions were distributed and fulfilled by all research participants. The findings indicate that Indonesian students who pursued postgraduate study abroad faced difficulties in academic writing practice, for instance, paraphrasing the sentence, assuring coherence, formulating cohesion, and expressing their voice. Besides, some also faced problems choosing appropriate words and relevant topics in their writing. The main factors contributing to the difficulties are less academic writing practice, lack of vocabulary, and unfamiliarity with academic writing structure. Even though the students pursued different majors and countries, they had common difficulties writing academic writing. Moreover, cultural differences also influence students' difficulties.


Sexual culture is an important and integral part of a nation's culture. The construction of sexual culture is necessary for the progress of human civilization,the development of harmonious society,and the maintenance of social stability. In addition,sexual culture is,to some extent,a reflection of people-oriented society. Therefore,we should popularize good sexual culture,probe into problems in reality,hold sexual culture festivals,and manage sexual culture-related internet well.


With the rapid development of urbanization, the tendency of road accidents is also highly increasing due to heavy traffic. Most of the victims give up their lives because of the insufficient infrastructure of emergency information distribution to the proper authorities and lack of critical care on urgent basis. Besides restricting the preventable causes like over-speeding, drunk-driving and overloading, it is very important to propagate emergency messages across the network to deal with such disasters. This paper presents a novel scheme for disseminating messages on priority basis over VANets in urban scenarios, which take care of the fairness of the scheduling process by introducing precedence on the emergency messages like the lifesaving message or other critical message over general messages like traffic condition, fuel pump and road condition and or all other commercial messages. For this a laxity based priority scheduling technique with back-off mechanism is introduced. The next packet is to be transmitted based on certain parameter like: its priority considering the laxity budget of the packet, the present packet delivery ratio, required packet delivery ratio and the request selection precedence. To provide the fairness in the scheduling process the request selection precedence is introduced which scheduled the most urgent request for service in the next iteration. The EXata simulator has been extensively used to assess the proposed scheme. The proposed method has been found to work satisfactorily with a number of test cases and considerably outperforms compare to the existing technique.


Genome expression profiling in gastric cancer patients have shown unique molecular phenotypes that may cause differences in the pathological appearance and clinical behaviour of tumor. Interestingly, multiple alterations observed in the expression of receptor tyrosine kinases in the gastric cancer genome reveal multiple pathways that could be targeted therapeutically. Thus manipulation of these pathways using molecular targeting agents presents us with strategies that could change the existing treatment paradigms in gastric cancer therapy. Recent advances in molecular targeted therapies have shown huge prospects, however requires deeper insights into the tumor biology and selection of patient subtypes. In this review, we will discuss the current strategies, advances and prospects of molecular targeted therapies in gastric cancer. Special focus is being laid on Her2, EGFR, VEGF targeting and clinical trials that attempt to further enhance the treatment outcomes and clinical management of gastric cancer patients.


Co-crystal of Olmesartan Medoxomil were prepared by solvent change technique. chitosan solution was prepared by soaking chitosan and chitosan chlorhydrate in glacial acetic acid. A weighed amount of drug was dispersed in chitosan solution by stirring. The dispersion was added to sodium citrate solution to precipitate chitosan on drug crystals. The precipitate obtained was filtered through whatman no.1 filter paper using vaccum filteration unit and dried at 45 o C for 24 h. the prepared co-crystals were characterized in the terms of saturation solubility, drug content, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), diffrential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), invitro dissolution studies. The considerable improvement in the dissolution rate of drug from optimized batch cocrystal formulation was attributed to the decreased drug crystallinity. Altered surface morphology and reduction in particle size.


Here we collect supplementary material referenced in the chapter "Small Sample Methods" of the Handbook of Statistical Methods for Case Control Studies (Graham et al., 2018). In Section 1, we describe how non-interval confidence regions can result from inverting a two-sided exact conditional hypothesis test. In Section 2, we give details about using elrm for approximate exact inference. Finally, in Section 3, we discuss previous simulation studies and our own limited simulations to compare the different methods considered in the chapter.


The purpose of this study is to evolve a cooperative learning strategy using teaching-learning activities prepared according to Multiple Intelligences Theory and study the impact on scholastic achievement of students. The study has been carried out on 6th grade students who did not show any improvement in an intervention programme especially with respect to scholastic achievement. Data was collected from 16 students of 6th grade by following purposive sampling technique. Data was subjected to statistical analysis by using mean and t- test. The findings indicate that when cooperative learning opportunities are combined in the curriculum by using Multiple Intelligences theory, students' scholastic achievement in various subjects will be improved. It has been recommended to follow the same teaching-learning approach to improve the scholastic achievement of students at school level.


. The vector A y and tensor analyzing powers A yy and A xx for dp-elastic scattering were measured at the energy of 800 MeV and at the angular range from 60° to 135° in the center-of-mass system at the JINR Nuclotron. The experimental data are compared with the calculations obtained within framework of relativistic multiple scattering approach.


Inhibitory and excitatory synaptic inputs onto trigeminal motoneurons play an important role in coordinating jaw movements. Previously, we reported that the phenotype of the inhibitory boutons apposing the somata of jaw‐closing (JC) motoneurons changes from γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐positive (GABA+) to predominantly glycine‐positive (Gly+) during development. In the present study, we investigated the development of inhibitory and excitatory boutons apposing antagonistic jaw‐opening (JO) motoneurons (anterior digastric motoneurons) at postnatal day 2 (P2), P11, and P31 in the rat. JO motoneurons were retrogradely labeled with horseradish peroxidase. Postembedding immunogold staining with antisera against GABA, Gly, and glutamate (Glut) was performed and followed by quantitative ultrastructural analysis. The size of both small and large JO motoneurons increased during development. The number of excitatory (Glut+) and inhibitory (GABA+, Gly+, and GABA+/Gly+) boutons per JO motoneuron increased significantly from P2 to P11 and then remained unchanged until P31. The time course of inhibitory synapse formation differed between JO and JC motoneurons, whereas that of excitatory synapse formation was similar between the two neuronal populations. The fraction of GABA+ boutons decreased by 86% and the fraction of GABA+/Gly+ boutons increased by 200% from P11 to P31, suggesting a switch from GABA+ to GABA+/Gly+ phenotype. The fraction of Gly+ boutons remained unchanged. These results indicate that inhibitory synapses onto somata of JO motoneurons exhibit a developmental pattern distinct from that of synapses onto JC motoneurons, which may reflect distinctive maturation of oral motor system. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1212–1226, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


We prove, assuming PFA, that each normal space whose StoneCech remainder has countable tightness is ACRIN. A normal space X is called ACRIN if each of its regular images is normal. Fleissner and Levy proved that if X is normal and every countably compact subset of the Stone-Cech remainder PX \ X is closed in fSX \ X , then X is ACRIN. They asked if each normal space whose Stone-Cech remainder has countable tightness is ACRIN. Theorem 2 gives the positive answer assuming the Proper Forcing Axiom. It is well known that the tightness of fico\co is 2W . Since every not countably compact Hausdorff space contains a closed copy of co, the next lemma is easy to prove. Lemma 1. If X is a normal space and fiX \ X has countable tightness, then X is countably compact. Theorem 2 (PFA). If X is a normal space and fiX \ X has countable tightness, then X is ACRIN. Proof. Let fi: X ^Y be a continuous map and Y be regular. We prove that 7 is normal. By virtue of Lemma 5 of [FL] there exist Z and bfi such that X C Z C fiX and bf is a perfect map from Z onto Y with bf\x f. Since fiX \ X has countable tightness, it is easy to see that the spaces X, Y , and Z are all countably compact. Since perfect mappings preserve normality, we only need to prove that Z is normal. Let K and L be two disjoint closed subsets of Z . We will prove that K nt = 0 . Since X is normal, we have KnX n Lf~\X = 0. Take open subsets (7 and V of fiX such that UPX n VPX = 0 , Tn~Xfix c (7, and LrTXfix C V. Let V = U\Lfix, V = V\K^X , and T = (KL)TPX)\(U'uV). Obviously T is a closed subset of fiX and is contained in fiX \X. Thus T is a compact space of countable tightness. Furthermore, K\U and L\V are contained in T and are closed subsets of the countably compact space Z . We have proved that K\U and L\V are countably compact subsets of a compact space of countable tightness. By virtue of Balogh's Theorem [Ba, 2.1], K\U and L\V are compact. Thus Received by the editors November 23, 1990 and, in revised form, July 18, 1991. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 54C05, 54D15, 54D40. ©1993 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/93 $1.00+ $.25 per page


Given the recent difficulty in continuing the classic CMOS manufacturing density and power scaling curves, also known as Moore's Law and Dennard Scaling, respectively, we find that modern complex system architectures are increasingly relying upon accelerators in order to optimize the placement of specific computational workloads. In addition, large-scale computing infrastructures utilized in HPC, data intensive computing, and cloud computing must rely almost exclusively upon commodity device architectures provided by third-party manufacturers. The end result being a final system architecture that lacks specificity for the target software workload. At the same time, there is a trend in the FPGA space of much larger FPGAs with a lot more resources and hardened IP blocks, making this type of architecture design space exploration much easier. The OpenSoC System Architect infrastructure combines several open source design tools and methodologies into a central infrastructure for designing, developing, and verifying the necessary hardware and software modules required to implement application-specific processors for use in FPGAs. The end result is an infrastructure that permits rapid development and deployment of application-specific accelerators and softcores, including a fully functional software development tool chain.


This article concerns images that portray a social reality in relation to the ability that humans have to create narratives that are a configuration of the collective consciousness. According to arguments developed in the literature and broadcasted by the media, citizens' actions guard both the public space and the configuration of culture. The images associated with relevant issues determine the public's responses and give more power to public opinion. However, the results of innovation depend on the political will at any given time. According to Jürgen Habermas, the rationality of the discourse of decision makers guides the collective conscience through their communicative actions. In this sense, the message and its ideology can effect changes by capitalizing on belief in the narratives. Therefore, the main goal is to understand social reality in relation to the influence of visual narratives.


Abstract : This paper suggests animal behavioral research during prolonged weightlessness. The research suggested is justified on the basis of the short gestation period and rapid maturation of small animals, the number of subjects which may be studied, the controls which can be achieved, and the resultant increase in reliability of findings. (Author)


Should business school scholars engage in intellectual activism? This article explicates the origin, the intellectual tradition and politics of intellectual activism, making a case for why management scholars might want to become intellectual activists. Intellectual activism has been elaborated in Patricia Hill Collins' contributions and the work of other black feminist intellectuals and activists such as Angela Davis. Together with the writings of Antonio Gramsci and Judith Butler, intellectual activism is reframed here as a particular type of critical performativity to help scholars make a difference in the world. This article invites scholars to answer the challenges posed by the crisis of neoliberalism, and to re-articulate the values of equality, freedom and solidarity by embodying an academic praxis that is progressive, intersectional, critical and concretely engaged in the service of social, economic and epistemic justice. The article also provides examples of intellectual activism by showcasing the activities of the critical management association, Vida.


A spectre is haunting continental philosophy—the spectre of Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO). All the disciplines and groupings that have traditionally allied themselves with continental theory in the anglophone world are poised to greet its manifestation: aesthetic theory and artistic practice, political philosophy and heterodox geography, Francophile post-post-structuralists and Germanist neo-romantics. Who among them has not heard the siren song of OOO's litanies of inhuman objects (menageries of stock markets and stock cubes, quarks and clerks, etc.)?


We review the procedure to construct quasi-free ground states, for real scalar fields whose dynamics is dictated by the Klein-Gordon equation, on standard static Lorentzian manifolds with a time-like boundary. We observe that, depending on the assigned boundary condition of Robin type, this procedure does not always lead to the existence of a suitable bi-distribution $w_2\in \mathcal{D}'(M\times M)$ due to the presence of infrared divergences. As a concrete example we consider a Bertotti-Robinson spacetime in two different coordinate patches. In one case we show that infrared divergences do not occur only for Dirichlet boundary conditions as one might expect a priori, while, in the other case, we prove that they occur only when Neumann boundary conditions are imposed at the time-like boundary.


This paper reports the common diseases in Scylla serrata (Forskal),which are caused by bacteria、fungus、parasites and a change of enviroment It also reports the measures to prevent and treat these dieases.


In recent years, End-to-End learning-based self-driving cars have been actively researched. Unlike conventional methods, neural networks are trained to drive like human drivers by mapping directly from sensory data to control commands. In this paper, we propose a neural network architecture for recognizing visual information and controlling the steering and speed of the vehicle like humans.


accessible account of the Eighth Army's dramatic sweep across North Africa from the Western Desert to Tunisia and then on to Sicily and the Italian peninsula. In its struggles against the German Afrika Korps from 1940 to 1943, the Eighth Army managed to do what few Allied armies were able to do on either front-engage in a decisive war of niovenient against the Wehrmacht. Neillands states that the purpose of Eighth Armv is not to add to the already abundant literature on the many units attached to the Eighth Army, especially in the Desert War, but to provide an overview of the army's campaigns from 1940 to 1945, including its often overlooked battles in Italy. Readers, however, can easily follow the actions of all the wellknown regiments. Neillands' macrohistorical overview of the Eighth Army's activities includes the cominon soldier's perspective, derived from the personal accounts sent to him by veterans. His use of letters from common soldiers adds a personal dimension to the narrative. In War irr the Des iw the, Eight A m y at El Alamein ( I YX2), James Sidney Lucas interviewed vettrans and treated the desert war from the perspective of the common soldier. However, there is no book available that compares in scope to Neillands' Eighth Army. Some of the tnore outstanding aspects of the book's coverage include Neillands' discussions of the structure and composition of the British, German, and Italian armies in the Desert War; the planning and execution of the bitttle plans at El-Alamein; the personalities of Auchinleck, Montgomery, and other commanders; the circumstances of the various battles; Allied rivalries and geographical difficulties in Sicily. World War I1 specialists and enthusiasts will enjoy this book.


type="main"> This paper starts from the premise that economics has offered a one-sided conception of work. Standard economic theory, specifically, has defined work as a means to income and consumption; it has failed to grasp the importance of work as an end in its own right. The aim of the paper is to develop an alternative conception of work that captures the formative impacts of work on the well-being of workers. The paper firstly outlines and criticises the different definitions of the disutility of work found in economics. It then offers a critical assessment of happiness research on work. The idea that the effects of work on worker well-being can be captured by job satisfaction data and that the importance of work can be reduced to a subjective feeling in the heads of individual workers – two key aspects of happiness research – are challenged. The final part of the paper develops novel ideas about how the economics of work should progress in the future. The section proposes a needs-based conception of work and then uses this conception to make the case for collective intervention aimed at enhancing the quality of work life.


Fuze and its electronics has to encounter high levels of Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) during its lifetime. Fuzes are subjected to Personnel borne and Helicoptor borne ESD as per MIL-STD-331C. This paper outlines the testing measurement techniques for the test F1.2 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) in MIL STD 331C standard.


Relatively little is known about how older adults search for health information online, particularly via faceted search interfaces that are increasingly prevalent on the web. To begin to address this gap in the literature, we conducted an exploratory study of older adults' use of a faceted search interface, MedlinePlus, to search for health information. The study uses selected measures of click behavior along with eye tracking techniques to examine how searchers with limited online search experience interact with a faceted web search interface. It investigates important aspects of faceted search interfaces, including: searcher gaze behavior (what components of the interface searchers look, how frequently, and for how long); how gaze behavior differs for different health conditions; and how searchers describe their actions. Five older adults aged between 56 and 87 (mean age = 73.5) participated in this study, conducted in a public library, between October and December 2010. Overall participant use of facets was similar to previous findings, approximately 20–30% of fixation counts and total fixation duration. Searchers appeared to use the facets more for more severe health conditions. These findings may be useful for researchers (e.g., to inform models of health information seeking behavior) as well as practitioners (e.g., for improving search interface designs).


Certain deterministic non-linear systems may show chaotic behaviour. Time series derived from such systems seem stochastic when analyzed with linear techniques. However, uncovering the deterministic structure is important because it allows constructing more realistic and better models and thus improved predictive capabilities. This paper provides a review of two main key features of chaotic systems, the dimensions of their strange attrac-tors and the Lyapunov exponents. The emphasis is on state space reconstruction techniques that are used to estimate these properties, given scalar observations. Data generated from equations known to display chaotic behaviour are used for illustration. A compilation of applications to real data from widely diierent elds is given. If chaos is found to be present, one may proceed to build non-linear models, which is the topic of the second paper in this series.


With the development of research on educational psychology and foreign language teaching and learning, one of the most controversial concepts in educational psychology might be the issues related to the students' achievement goal orientations. Regarding the goals that students adopt which might influence their academic success and failure, this study was undertaken to determine whether gender and different years of education affected the relationship between students' achievement goal and their academic achievement. To achieve such goals, achievement goal orientation questionnaires were distributed among 182 male and female B.A. students, majoring in English Literature at Shiraz University. The obtained data were analyzed through multiple regression coefficient. The results showed that only in the case of females, gender affected the relationship between students with performance approach and performance avoidant goal orientation and their academic achievement. In addition, in the case of freshmen and juniors, only performance approach was the significant predictor of the students' academic achievement. Regarding sophomore students, adopting such a goal did not have significant effects on their academic achievement. Likewise, in the case of seniors, both performance approach and performance avoidant had significant effects on the students' academic achievement.


2.5D/3D IC assembly is where the traditional foundry and assembly house model breaks down. The greatly reduced feature sizes of microbumps in combination with very large, thin interposers and ICs p...


Due to the rapid development of wireless communication technologies, the number of wireless users are radically increasing. Currently, $\sim 23$ billion wireless devices are connected to the internet, and these numbers are expected to increase manifolds in the years to come. The technology growth of the fifth-generation (5G) wireless systems will be needed to meet this high demand of the network. 5G wireless systems offer data-rates of up to 10Gbps, 1-ms latency, and reduced power consumption. It is a known fact that 5G wireless systems will be exploiting beyond the presently used 3 GHz microwave and millimetre-wave (mm-wave) frequency bands. This is the primary driver in the development of the 5G wireless system. Multi-beam Phased array antenna (PAA) systems are typically used in the deployment of 5G systems for high-gain and directionality. In current 5G and future Beyond 5G (B5G) antenna array systems, beamforming networks (BFNs) such as the Butler Matrix (BM) will play a key role in achieving multi-beam characteristics. So, this paper presents an extensive review of the BM based BFNs, and discusses which type of BM will be suitable for the phased array antenna (PAA) systems in the upcoming 5G and next-generation of B5G wireless systems. Moreover, this paper also summarizes the different types of BM designs based on the number of layers. The BMs are classified into the bi-layer, tri-layer, and four-layer structures. It includes different techniques that have been used to solve the problem of crossing, narrow bandwidth, and size reduction of the BM. From the previous studies, it is found that most of the past research work was performed using the bi-layer BM system, whereas the difficult geometries like tri- and four-layer BM are avoided due to their complex fabrication process. It is also found in this paper that the metamaterial (MTM) based bi-layer BM achieves low insertion-loss and phase-error, excellent bandwidth and compact size, and good S-parameter performance, which makes them an ideal BFN candidate for the upcoming 5G and next-generation B5G systems.


On May 6, 2009, Spirit got stuck. The Mars rover, about the size of a go-kart, was traveling south on the red planet when it found itself hubcap-deep in loose, flourlike sand. To make matters worse, the rover's right front wheel had locked up three years earlier, leaving it with only five working ones. Fearful of its digging in deeper with every turn of the wheels, Spirit's controllers at JPL called a halt until they could find a way to get it out. Since then, the engineers have been testing maneuvers here on Earth in a big sandbox with two rovers—an exact replica and a lighter one that's closer to what Spirit weighs on Mars. The team is still at it as of this writing, and so far this Spirit is anything but free. Such setbacks aren't new, however. Less than three weeks after Spirit landed on January 4, 2004, it fell silent. Engineers scrambled to solve the problem, hoping there wouldn't be a repeat of the previous two American missions to Mars. On December 3, 1999, the Mars Polar Lander had been lost, apparently due to a software error that shut off its descent engine too soon. Accompanying the lander was the Mars Climate Orbiter, which was incinerated when a mix-up between metric and imperial units caused it to enter the Martian atmosphere too low. Mars is an unforgiving destination—in fact, more than a third of all spacecraft sent there have never made it. The memory of past failures was still fresh and, with Spirit, the future of the entire Mars program might well have been hanging in the balance. Meanwhile, Spirit's twin was


The Khayat‐Wilton singularity cancellation technique has been adapted for computing the potential integrals involving the 3D Green's function and the linearly‐phased Rao‐Wilton‐Glisson (LP‐RWG) basis functions. The LP‐RWG basis functions are used to expand the induced currents in terms of current‐modes, which allows an efficient representation of the currents in large scatters using a fewer number of unknowns. The proposed procedure overcomes some drawbacks of other singularity schemes, such as the dependence of the triangular‐patch shape and the location of the observation points. In this sense, the proposed procedure is valid for singularities and "near" singularities on arbitrarily‐shaped triangular meshes. This significantly improves the reliability of the method of moments and related approaches in combination with the asymptotic phase formulation when dealing with arbitrary and automatically generated surface meshes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2189–2197, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22680


The ORF5 cDNA encoding GP5 protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) stain Liaoning was amplified by RT-PCR. The cDNA fragment was further cloned and the complete sequences were determined. The results showed the cDNA of ORF5 was 603 bp, encoding 200 amino acids. Compared with the ORF5 gene of typical North American stain (VR2332 strain) and European strain (LV strain), it was found that there was 89.5% and 55.7% homology at amino acids level respectively. It indicated that the PRRSV strain Liaoning belongs to North American type.


AIM:To set up the quality standard for Fuyang Jiedu Granules(Radix Sutellariae,Herba Scute-(llariae) Barbatae,Herba Epimedii,etc.). METHODS: Radix Scutellariae,Herba Scutellariae Barbatae and Herba Epimedii in preparation were identified by TLC.The content of baicalin was determined by HPLC on Agilent Eclipse XBD-C_(18) column. The mobile phase was methanol-phosphoric-water(47∶53∶0.2).The detection wavelength was at 280 nm. A Shim-pack VP-ODS column was used to determine icariin.The mobile phase consisted of 0.32% phosphoric acid-acetonitrile(75∶25).The detection wavelength was 270 nm. RESULTS: The spot on the thin layer plate was clear.The negative contral was not disturbed.The linear range of baicalin was in the range 0.122 12 μg to 0.606 μg.The average recovery was 99.59% with RSD of 2.16%.The linearity range of icariin was in the range 0.201 6 μg-1.008 μg.The average recovery was 99.49% with RSD of 1.31%.(CONCLUSION:) The methods are specific,simple,fast and accurate,and can be used for quality control of Fuyang Jiedu Granules.


Oxovanadium (IV) complexes of N,N′‐bispyridoxyl‐5, 5′‐bis (phosphate) ethylenediimine (L1) and N,N′‐bis(pyridoxyl)‐5,5′‐bis(phosphate)‐1′′‐(p‐nitrobenzyl)ethylenediimine (L2) were synthesized by condensation of optically active C‐substituted diamines and pyridoxal‐5‐phosphate. Oxovanadium (IV) complexes derived from L1 and L2 were evaluated as DNA cleavage agent (cleavage of supercoiled plasmid pBR322 DNA). Interestingly, both the oxovanadium (IV) complexes exhibited DNA nuclease activity, and the extent of oxidation of DNA by these vanadyl complexes was superior to VOSO4. The significant reduction in primary tumor and increased delay in tumor growth of 15 days was seen in the tumor regression analysis with oxovanadium (IV) complex of L1. With the preliminary studies performed with the pyridoxal‐5‐phosphate ‐based salen derivatives including the cytotoxicity and tumor regression, it is evident that the salen bifunctional chelating agent has obtained therapeutic potential if conjugated to a gene‐specific targeting molecule for the oxidation of guanine residue.


Abstract Several stainless steels have been developed for the use as interconnect materials in solid oxide fuel cells in order to reduce costs, while maintaining the required performance. The materials however, are subjected to humid air, at high temperatures up to 800°C leading to enhanced oxidation. High temperature X-ray diffraction, combined with field emission – scanning electron microscopy, has been applied to study in situ the influence of water vapour on the chromia scale formation on the ferritic Crofer 22 APU and the austenitic Avesta 353 MA alloys in comparison to their dry air oxidation behaviour. Both materials form at 800°C, during the first 100h exposure, Cr2O3 and MnCr2O4, the latter mostly in the surface region of the oxide scale. Additionally, Crofer 22 APU forms internal Al2O3 precipitates, while on Avesta 353 MA a SiO2 layer is found beneath the outer oxide scale. High temperature XRD indicates stress formation and relaxation in the Cr2O3 scale formed in humid air, especially for Crofer 22 APU.


A free Middle High German adaptation of Chretien de Troyes' Old French Arthurian romance, "Yvain", written c.1200 by a Swabian knight, Hartmann von Aue. German text with parallel English translation.


This paper proposes a FDI strategy using high gain observers. Observers are often necessary for control purpose. It is possible to extend their application to disturbance estimation and FDI strategy. The observer is designed for a performance study on an induction motor in the framework of a specific induction motor Fault Diagnosis Benchmark.


I.—Tait's operation. Patient thirty-eight years of age, has had five children, the youngest of which is nine years old. Since the birth of the last child she has never been well, suffering with constant pelvic symptoms and reflex neuroses, especially severe pains about the left side of the chest; had been treating her for more than two months with hypodermic injections of morphine, gr. often being required to relieve her. Vaginal examination revealed an adherent retroflexed uterus, with great tenderness of the uterine adnexa. Laparotomy was performed December 7th, 1889. The retro flexed uterus, which was held in its abnormal position by small fibrinous bands, was replaced, and the ovaries and tubes on both sides were removed. I had intended to perform a hysterorraphy at the same time, in order to prevent displacement of the uterus, but after removing the appendages close to the uterus, taking in the slack in the broad ligaments, I found the uterus in perfectly normal position, so that I did not think it necessary to do any. thing further. The patient made an uninterrupted recovery, the temperature never going beyond 99.40. The veins in the broad ligaments were varicosed, containing a number of phleboliths. The tubes were somewhat thickened; the fimbriae destroyed. The right tube was adherent to the ovary, but the adhesions were separated during the operation; both tubes and parts of the broad ligaments were studded with small cysts. The ovaries were cyrrhotic, the left one very small and hard, the right one consisting chiefly of a number of cysts, very little of the ovarian


This review examines posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to child maltreatment in adults, PTSD comorbidities, and complex PTSD, with a focus on emotion dysregulation. Adults maltreated as children report high rates of PTSD. Although all forms of child maltreatment are associated with increased PTSD risk, effects are stronger for child sexual and emotional abuse, abuse in the context of other adverse childhood experiences, and cumulative abuse. PTSD comorbidities that involve emotion dysregulation are examined, including substance use disorders, eating disorders, and borderline personality disorder. Emotion dysregulation appears to be a coalescent factor in the nexus of child maltreatment, PTSD, and other comorbidities. Treatment recommendations are made for adults with child maltreatment–related PTSD and comorbidities.


Measurements of neutral densities, temperatures and ion density and temperature by the Atmosphere Explorer C and E satellites exhibit fluctuations made up of coherent waves of scale size from hundreds to thousands of kilometers. The fluctuations in the AE-C data are found at times of low magnetic activity to extend from the auroral region in one hemisphere across the equator to the corresponding region in the other hemisphere with little change in apparent wavelength. The fluctuations in the AE-E data similarly exhibit at times of low magnetic activity nearly uniform wave structure encircling the equatorial belt. Typical examples of waves of more than 1000 km apparent wavelength in both the AE-C and AE-E data are presented. These observations during quiet times may be explained by a system of quasi-stationary waves excited by the auroral belts that are distributed about the Earth possibly with tidal or sub-tidal periods and scale lengths determined by the structure of the belts. According to this interpretation, Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance (TID's) are manifestations of transient wave systems moving past a ground observatory that result from changes in magnetic activity with periods and scale sizes associated with the regions of enhanced auroral activity. Some evidence suggesting tidal-like stationary waves from the Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar is presented.


We present numerical simulations, based on elementary mode method, of field emitted by broad-area laser diodes. The near field is expressed as a superposition of modes with sinusoidal spatial amplitude inside the laser resonator and zero outside. The assumed functional form of the modes is used to find the intensity distribution in the far-zone. This information is then used to construct the elementary-mode decomposition in the near-field. The validity of the elementary-mode approach was verified by comparing the intensity and the degree of coherence at various distances from the source.


The flame-rectify technique is designed to solve the problem as to the bending of the great axes and the large cone-degree. the problem has been settled all right .The result not only provides the necessary basis for fixing the electromotor and pump of the Siyang second pumping station, it also has the function of guiding and referring for the similar pumping station valve.


Abstract : MEDCOM Mission and Areas of Emphasis. OUR VISION: America's Premier Medical Team Saving Lives and Fostering Health and Resilient People. Army Medicine...Army Strong! MISSION: Promote, Sustain and Enhance Soldier Health * Train, Develop and Equip a Medical Force that Supports Full Spectrum Operations * Deliver Leading Edge Health Services to Our Warriors and Military Family to Optimize Outcomes. STRATEGIC THEMES: Maximize Value in Health Services * Provide Global Operational Forces * Build the Team * Balance Innovation with Standardization * Optimize Communication and Knowledge Management.


Conjunctivitis can be a primary condition or secondary to other systemic disorder. Although conjunctival diseases may initially appear to be relatively innocuous and not sight threatening, they can be challenging diseases to diagnose and treat and also may lead to loss of vision if not properly attended. Secondary conjunctivitis, sometimes chronic can also arise due to changes in the adnexal structures of the medial canthi. This paper reports a case of chronic medial canthal pocket syndrome (Turner, 2008). Common breeds susceptible are Labrador Retriever, Doberman Pinscher, Golden Retrieve, Great Dane, Rottweiler etc. (Rubin, 1989).


This paper analyses the main measures to be adopted in the field of wind energy in the medium and long term in Romania and assesses the progress made by Romania in comparison with the European Union and the objectives set by the Community institutions. The paper aims to identify opportunities for the development of the wind energy sector based on existing resources, which will be a positive factor in generating positive economic and social effects. The study indicates that Romania has a high potential for wind resources, which can be harnessed through appropriate policies to support projects related to this type of energy.


This essay seeks to explicate several strands of Environmental Philosophy by applying them to a genuine example of environmental conflict. The recent invasion of the Tasmanian wilderness by the European Fox, threatens several critically endangered mammals, not to mention the ecosystem as a whole. The DPIW has begun placing poisoned bait in the Tasmanian wilderness in an attempt to rid it of the fox. Rather than prescribing a solution to this complex problem, this essay tests the capacity of pre-existing ethics to protect the endangered mammals of Tasmania. In elucidating the Utilitarian and Rights Based approaches to ethics, it becomes clear that they harbour highly problematic elements. Following this, the essay explores the benefits of holistic ethics, and ethics based on difference. Ultimately, this essay seeks to discover what an ethical response to the Tasmanian situation would look like.


The development of communications technology is overgrowing, making disseminating information so fast, widespread, and massive. A network of communication systems starting from the first generation to the current sixth-generation (6G). Fifth-generation communication systems have been implemented in several places in the world today. However, research continues to develop the sixth-generation communication system. This paper aims to survey and design a channel modeling for a 6G communication system. Moreover, the channel model has also simulated the system in Banda Aceh city as a case study, using the NYUSIM simulator. In this paper, the channel model is considered in the form of Urban Microcell (Umi) and Line of Sight (LOS) with a frequency of 90 GHz. Based on the simulation, this paper found that the path loss value is 124.7 dB, and the received power is -45.5 dBm. The simulation result has also shown that the maximum distance from the transmitter to the receiver for 6G communication is 123.5 m with a delay of 6.4 ns on directional power delay profile (PDP). While on omnidirectional PDP, the delay is 21.9 ns. Thus, the resulting attenuation is relatively high for 6G communication systems due to high rainfall in Banda Aceh.


SUMMARY History of retinal detachment surgery has been always surrounded by a thread of mystery and the most clangourous surgical failures until the revolutionary and outstanding contributions of Swiss retina specialist, Jules Gonin at the beginning of the XX century. In this review we tried to describe the most notorious contributions of retinal detachment surgery in known history from the XVIII century in Louis XIV France, showing ridiculous empiric treatments until the breakthrough made by Gonin in the first quarter of the last century.


Life is a pilgrimage Be joyous during the arduous journey to the summit For the arduous journey is the daily enlightenment and The summit non-existent. --Tara, June 4th, 2006 I have found that teaching others to learn while you are learning to teach" is a good statement of my pedagogy. What better could life offer as a profession? I enumerate here a personal journey of my teaching and pedagogy and its links with modern technology. Teaching is my passion, and a large part of my profession. It all began for me in 1983. Is teaching your passion?? That is the first question to ask for anyone wanting to teach. It has to come from deep within, just like a lactating mother wanting to release her nourishment to her child. Similarly, the revelation of the truth within oneself and the joy thereof has to be shared. Is that your situation? The development of the passion in oneself is what propels a teacher to teach across culture, discipline, ethnicity, gender, economic stratifications and borders, in order to reach the common human denominator: unique minds who can be motivated. Sharing is as limitless as it is joyous. This gives a sense of freedom to the self and is thus self-liberating. Is it then loaded with responsibility? Are you ready for the challenge? Challenge, which tells you to first know the truth and then lead others to that truth? Today, teaching is done in many ways using different forms of technology. I find all those very fascinating and have incorporated many of the different digital media into my teaching format. I have created computer applications in a style that helps me to express my unique and personalized design for sharing information with the students in a colorful, and animated manner. In most of the situations, this is done with a touch of humor too. These applications complement my lectures and help me to use my research material as examples in these designs. All the animations have been created with the help of the Macromedia Director software. The next question is, "Do we have to know whether we can teach before we start to teach?" No, is my answer, because everyone is capable of teaching. While teaching, you learn many things. That is why my pedagogy is inspired by the motto "teach others to learn while you are learning to teach." Given my disciplinary background, I find biological metaphors sometimes powerful for capturing all that is involved in this process. The process of developing a teaching strategy is like the development of an embryo, no matter what the stage is of the embryo, it is functional. The heart is beating before the four chambers of the heart are constructed, the nervous system developing, while helping to develop other parts of the body. The germ cells that create the genitals wait in the yolk sac, until the genital ridges are formed, which would be the final destination for these germ cells to reside on after which the sex is determined. But slowly and steadily we function while we build ourselves, unlike a machine that is not switched on until it is completely built. I find the process of teaching just the same, it grows on us and we go on constructing the parts of teaching while becoming a teacher. Further, present research in biology tells us that we inherit a genome (the genetic component from each of our parents) and an epigenome that makes this genome functional. This epigenome can be influenced by internal and external environmental factors. Similarly, during this phase of becoming a teacher, we are influenced by both our heredity and our environment, and keep changing our teaching style as we respond to the individuals whom we teach. While I was doing my doctoral thesis on the genetics of mental retardation, I came in close contact with children who were mentally challenged. This brought me to the understanding that everyone does not learn the same way. All of us come with different types of learning capacities, yet all can be taught to bring out the best in themselves. …


The replacement coke gas pre-heater is a need multi-kind of work in a factory,the multi-department overlapping work,including joint management′s and so on production,construction,security big-scale work,Any negligence and the careless mistake can create the influence safety in production the consequence and the hidden danger.This article does not suspend production through the summary the replacement coke gas pre-heater′s process and the experience,Has to this profession coherent units profits from the function.


The complicated cavitating flow inside diesel nozzles has long been concentrated on. Based on the visualization experimental system, cavitating flow characteristic inside transparent nozzles with different length-diameter ratios was investigated in this paper. Experimental results showed that the cavitation is easier to occur for diesel than for biodiesel, and the longer the length of the orifice is, the harder the cavitation and hydraulic flip phenomenon to occur. Discharge coefficient of diesel was higher than that of biodiesel in single-phase flow region, while got much smaller than that of biodiesel in the cavitating flow and hydraulic flip regions.The spray cone angle of diesel was larger than biodiesel in cavitating flow regime, and got much smaller with the increasing of the length-diameter ratios under the same level of injection pressure in diesel and biodiesel fuels.


Data and methods for quantifying environmental damage from energy activities were evaluated. Specifically, discussions were designed to identify the types and amounts of pollutants emitted by energy technologies that may affect the environment adversely, methods of estimating spatial and temporal changes in air and water quality resulting from these emissions, spatial and temporal distributions of ecosystems at risk, dose-response functions for pollutants and ecosystems at risk, and environmental and economic variables to be used to measure damage. Emphasis was on available data and on several methods for quantitative estimation of effects of energy on the environment. Damage functions that could be used to quantitate effects of ozone and sulfur oxide on agricultural crops and trees, effects of altered stream depth and velocity patterns on river fish species, and sensitivities of lake chemistry and biology to acid rainfall are listed. Also described are methods for estimating effects of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, and several other atmospheric pollutants on selected terrestrial communities by using computer modeling techniques. With these techniques, quantitative estimates of the effects of energy on the environment could be developed within one to two years. Brief discussions about effects of nutrient and trace metal discharges on terrestrial ecosystemsmore » and about impacts of petroleum hydrocarbon, heat, biocides, and entrainment on aquatic ecosystems are also included.« less


This study tested the ill-understood issues of involvement and loyalty relations. Even though many studies have indicated that loyalty is a function of involvement, only minimal agreement has been reached on the extent to which the constructs of involvement would predict repeat participation. A structural model is developed that relates members' involvement and loyalty using psychological commitment as a mediator. Results suggest that involvement has both a direct and an indirect effect on loyalty and confirm the role of psychological commitment as a mediator between involvement and loyalty.


Sunflowers in flowing hydroponic culture show reduced growth rates at nitrate levels below 10 ..mu..M nitrate or phosphate levels below 0.3 ..mu..F. At least for phosphate, this level is a very small fraction (0.003) of the K/sub m/ for the uptake systems. We have quantified four major adaptations that enable high growth rates under incipient stress: increased root:shoot ratio; increased uptake capacity (V/sub max/) per unit root mass; nocturnal uptake of nutrients; and (only partially adaptive) reduced tissue concentrations of nutrients. We show that capital energy costs (in root growth) for acquiring nutrients can exceed direct or operational costs of internal metabolism (nitrate reduction, e.g.,); this has implications for the plant-controlled trade-off of NO/sub 3//sup -/-NH/sub 4//sup +/ - N/sub 2/ as N sources for legumes and other plant types. We outline needed further research and suggest guidelines for breeding plants for tolerating nutritional stresses; we also suggest that some measures of nutrient-use efficiency may be misleading. 6 references, 2 figures, 2 tables.


The thermodynamic properties of the small-polaron model are studied by means of a discrete version of the Feynman path-integral representation of the partition function. This lattice model describes a fermion interacting with a boson field. The bosons are treated analytically, the fermion contribution is calculated using a Monte Carlo method. We analyze the thermodynamic functions for the case of one-, two-, and three-dimensional polaron motion. We present strong evidence that the polaron becomes superlocalized if the interaction strength is greater than a critical value.


First estimations of microbial biomass and activities in the water column of the Tyrrhenian basin in association with the main Mediterranean water masses, are reported. Exponential decrease with depth of biomass and activities was registered assessing the predominant weight of export production in the basin and the scarce advection of preformed organic matter within the water masses. Important seasonal changing patterns occurred for respiration and primary production more than for biomass. The evaluation of the carbon budget by microbial community showed PP/R ratios close to 1 in July, and a clear productive metabolism in December.


With increasing trend of corporate scandals and corporate failure, stakeholders are demanding access to information, transparency and accountability. In response to these demands, corporate governance guidelines all over the world prescribe for corporate transparency and disclosure of information especially among public listed firms. Drawing from agency theory and stakeholder theory, we argue that corporate boards have a responsibility to disclose material information to stakeholders in order to facilitate decision making and hence improve firm performance. This study investigates business case of corporate transparency in Kenya. Applying Fixed Effects regression model on data from 42 listed firms in Nairobi Securities Exchange for the period 2005-2010, we found that indeed corporate transparency has a positive and significant effect on firm performance. The results have important policy implications on corporate disclosures in Kenya. Keywords: Corporate Transparency, Accountability, Corporate Governance, Kenya.


Based on the demonstrated and reported trypanocidal, leishmanicidal, and antiplasmodial activities of two menthol prodrugs, it was decided to proceed with preformulation studies, which are of key relevance in the drug discovery process. The aim of this study is to examine the stability and permeability of two new menthol prodrugs with antiparasitic activity. To determine the stability of menthol and its prodrugs, the corresponding studies were carried out in buffered solutions at pH values of 1.2, 5.8, and 7.4 at 37 °C. In silico permeability studies were performed using the free PerMM software and then in vitro permeability studies were performed using a biomimetic artificial membrane (BAM). Permeability studies conducted in silico predicted that both menthol and its prodrugs would pass through biological membranes via flip-flop movement. This prediction was subsequently confirmed by in vitro BAM permeability studies, where it was observed that the menthol prodrugs (1c and 1g) exhibited the highest Papp (apparent permeability) value compared to the parent compound. The study reveals that menthol prodrugs exhibit stability at a pH of 5.8 and possess sufficient in vitro permeability values as preformulation parameters.


An efficient transition-metal-free amination of benzoxazoles has been developed. With catalytic amounts of tetrabutylammoniumiodide (TBAI), aqueous solutions of H(2)O(2) or TBHP as co-oxidant and under mild reaction conditions, highly desirable 2-aminobenzoxazoles were isolated in excellent yields of up to 93%. First mechanistic experiments indicate the in situ iodination of the secondary amine as the putative mode of activation.


The objective of this study is to analyze driver's injury severity in single-vehicle and two-vehicle crashes and compare the effects of explanatory variables between various types of crashes. The study identified factors affecting injury severity and their effects on severity levels using 5-year crash records for provincial highways in Ontario, Canada. Considering non-uniform variations in unobserved effects of explanatory variables on injury severity among observations called "heteroscedasticity", heteroscedastic ordered logit (HOL) models were developed for single- vehicle and two-vehicle crashes separately. The results show that there exists heteroscedasticity for some variables in both single-vehicle and two-vehicle crash models. The results also show that some factors have opposite effects between single-vehicle and two-vehicle crashes, and between car-car crashes and truck-truck crashes. The study demonstrates that HOL models using separate crash data sets classified by vehicle type can better capture the associations of variables with driver's injury severity.


The invention relates to a tube drive (18) of an open-end spinning device (1) comprising a bearing arrangement (5) for supporting a rotating at a high rotational frequency, without contact mounted the spinning rotor (3), wherein the designed as a rotor the rotor shaft (4) of the spinning rotor (3 ) is freely suspended between a front and a rear bearing point (6, 7) of the rotor drive (18) during the spinning process, wherein for deriving the occurring during the spinning process electrostatic charging of the spinning rotor (3) to one of the bearing points (6, 7) is spaced such that a voltage flashover between the spinning rotor (3) and the bearing point (6, 7) occurs on reaching a defined electrostatic charge, and that the rotor drive (18) of an electrically conductive and connected to a ground rotor drive housing (37) surrounded is with which the serving of the derivative bearing point (6, 7) is conductively connected.


chronic illness in children and adolescents advances in chronic illness in children and adolescents advances in chronic pain advances in psychotherapy evidence based practice chronic illness in children and adolescents advances in chronic pain advances in psychotherapy evidence based practice childhood maltreatment. advances in psychotherapy chronic pain advances in psychotherapy evidence based practice download epub book chronic illness in children an evidence dictionary of supervision management sesog chronic illness in children an evidence based approach ebook pdf chronic illness in children an evidence based amazing gracethe history theology of calvinism study guide social work practice and psychopharmacology history of the thirteen auzww peugeot 3008 user manual download fakof pack and ship training manual illusi atlas copco d60 drill operators manual sbrosa chronic pain advances in psychotherapy evidence based evidence-based practice researchgate scott pilgrim amp the infinite sadness 3 bryan lee omalley house as teacher creating sacred space in the new advances in carbocation chemistry a research annual frigidaire dishwasher service manual auzww examples and explanations evidence nottsent the doggie s bible mrvisa behavioral decision theory an introduction koins dawn of qumran the sectarian torah and the teacher of true to her heart fakof long walk a history of the navajo wars jamroz a fan s notes nolia problems and simulations in evidence kereso pearson spanish answers aviity profit building cutting costs without cutting people a life built from fear marsal instructors manual with test item file physical science conversational style fakyu pentax me f manual foserv chapter 3 nelson solutions manual probos


The threat caused by the ubiquitous nature of the internet and quantum-computer-assisted cryptanalysis amongst the networked devices, organizations and users seeks a redress within the security community to apply innovative ways in the development of information communication protocols. Quantum teleportation (QT) has emerged as a technology that promise unconditional security and providing new ways to design and develop frameworks that operate based on the principles of quantum physics such as entanglement and no-cloning. This study applied an evaluation approach to empirically investigate the effect of QT on the improvement of networked device communication security on layer 2 using a simulated experiment. Software Defined Network's OpenFlow, Mininet-Wifi and Simulator for Quantum Networks and Channels (SQUANCH) were considered as our coding approach. The empirical evidence revealed that QT has the ability to make it harder for anyone trying to listen-in, eavesdrop or tap into data in-transit. QT despite its known challenges i.e., interference, freespace loss, transmission loss etc., when implemented properly within reasonable scope can improve security for data in-transit. This will become an advantage when designing frameworks to adopt quantum technology for implementation.


A circular economy is an economy that recycled materials can take better advantage of resources
and energies, waste discharge is minimized, and resources, environment and development reach a
harmonious interaction. It is of great significance to the sustainable development of mineral resources
jn China. There are mainly four reasons in the following. First, China's economy is developing in a
large scale and in a scaring speed, but the extensive growth style has not been radically changed, the
consumption amount of natural resources rapidly increasing, the degree of depending on international
market obviously enlarging, the restrain of natural resources to the national economic development
increasingly outstanding, Second, not only the natural resources are heavily shortage, but also the
Output ratio, recovery ration and comprehensive utilization ratio are relatively very low, Third, the
recovery utilizat1on and cleaning treatment of mineral resources waste are just in a start stage, Forth,
mineral resources have the advantage of developing circular economy, the production of mineral
resources is in the forefront of industrial chains, and the amount of the waste discharge is the largest
in all the industries. So, the development of circular economy in the field of mineral resources is a
complicated systematic engineering. There are three suggestions: to establish and improve the
correlated laws and regulations, to integrate the strategic decisions on resources, environment and
economy, to comprehensively and circularly utilize the natural resources and discharged waste by
means of government guidance and market operation.


In this paper, the distributed dynamic estimation problem with the diffusion strategy in the sensor network is considered. We propose a diffusion distributed dynamic filter to minimize the mean square error matrix for each sensor. Based on the prediction error covariance matrices, a design principle of adaptive matrix weights is presented. The stability of the distributed filter is analyzed and compared with the local centralized Kalman filter (LCKF). In the numerical simulation, the proposed algorithm is compared with the centralized Kalman filter (CKF), the LCKF and the collaborative scalar-gain filter (SCGF), which rectifies the stability and the effectiveness of our algorithm.


Although limited in number and thus far underused, Old Korean and Early Middle Korean data are valuable to comparative linguists. This article discusses several lexical items and grammatical morphemes from this body of data and demonstrates their significance for comparative Koreo-Japonic and Altaic studies. The author proposes a number of etymologies for the first time and, in several cases, refines etymologies suggested by others.


Ruthenium aqua complexes [(eta(6)-C(6)Me(6))Ru(II)(L)(OH(2))](2+) {L = bpy (1) and 4,4'-OMe-bpy (2), bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, 4,4'-OMe-bpy = 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine} and iridium aqua complexes [Cp*Ir(III)(L)(OH(2))](2+) {Cp* = eta(5)-C(5)Me(5), L = bpy (5) and 4,4'-OMe-bpy (6)} act as catalysts for hydrogenation of CO(2) into HCOOH at pH 3.0 in H(2)O. The active hydride catalysts cannot be observed in the hydrogenation of CO(2) with the ruthenium complexes, whereas the active hydride catalysts, [Cp*Ir(III)(L)(H)](+) {L = bpy (7) and 4,4'-OMe-bpy (8)}, have successfully been isolated after the hydrogenation of CO(2) with the iridium complexes. The key to the success of the isolation of the active hydride catalysts is the change in the rate-determining step in the catalytic hydrogenation of CO(2) from the formation of the active hydride catalysts, [(eta(6)-C(6)Me(6))Ru(II)(L)(H)](+), to the reactions of [Cp*Ir(III)(L)(H)](+) with CO(2), as indicated by the kinetic studies.


Abstract : The Middle East plays a vital role in the world economy. Resource rich, it provides much of the energy that the advanced industrialized societies need to keep their economies growing. Challenges in the region lie on the horizon, however, and are beginning to take shape today. These challenges, if left unresolved, could create more regional instability and could have far-reaching consequences. The United States faces its own challenges in the coming years. Demographic trends and budgetary concerns call into question the ability of the United States to lead in the coming decades. This thesis examines the confluence of issues facing Middle Eastern countries today, while also linking demographic trends currently underway in the United States with the country's ability to fulfill its on-going role in the Middle East. In so doing, it assesses the impact of an aging America on the federal budget and the ramifications of this impact on not only the U.S. Department of Defense, but also for the entire Middle Eastern region.


This study was carried out to find the context and factors that can affect the productivity of a team of developers and testers in a distributed software project. We interviewed project members in order to understand the relationships between those project context factors and their impact on scheduling risk. Our results suggest that, from a testers site point of view, knowledge expertise and communication overhead are important factors influencing the allocation strategy and the team productivity. Also there is still a lack of empirical evidences to define which factors managers, developers and testers should be aware when setting up and executing a distributed software development project.


SUMMARY Etiopathogenesis and treatment of epicondylitis are still object of research.The mechanical etiopathogenetic hypothesis, essentially microtraumatic, is still today the most credited one, together with physiological degenerative changes in tendons with age and individual predisposition. From the clinical point of view it is certain pain is the diagnostic key of epicondylitis, in association with swelling and strength loss. The treatment consists in various types of surgical, sintomatic and disease modifying therapy, and is focused on etiopathogenesis and staging of this condition. The aim of the study is to analyze the main diagnostic and therapuetic issues in accord with newest bibliography. Riv Chir Mano 2002; 39: 103-112


In article is considered specifics book art, tradition book graphs on Altai, open the notions a tradition and novation. The Author addresses to problem востребованности book art in ХХ! age.


This article lays out some of the critical issues about the future of the BBC and public service broadcasting that will be discussed in the mid-term Charter Review starting April 2022. A theme that will be central is the future funding arrangements, with the intention to abolish the license fee already announced by the government minister responsible for the review. The challenge is to ensure that any alternative to license fee funding supports a richer and more relevant public service broadcasting sector.


The present local built environment has a common thermal comfort problem namely that most dwellings have a great reliance on electricity for environmental control indoors. The main objective of this research work was to offer a practical and cost-effective working solution to this problem. The feasible energy–saving measures that can be retrofitted to an existing dwelling were designed and applied to an existing building; a top third floor flat in Birkirkara, Malta, thus converting it into a thermally comfortable minimum energy home. The indoor climate of the subject flat, its mirror image apartment and the Birkirkara microclimate were monitored for one year and the necessary tools to analyse this data were utilised: a psychrometric chart analysis with Malta's defined thermal comfort zones. Compared to its microclimate and the mirror apartment, the results show that the subject flat managed to keep a constant and very comfortable indoor climate across both the hot and cold seasons. It is only for a small portion (a total of 9 out of 122 days – 7% in summer and 16 out of 121 days – 13% in winter) that the energy–saving retrofit measures did not fall within the thermal comfort zones limits. This case study also shows that the combined energy saving retrofit measures had a payback period of 15 years, which eventually pays off with a surplus of over €700.


Ceramics to metals joining has been widely made using direct brazing which is a quite versatile and wellknown technique, but its fillers are rather costly materials than conventional filler alloys because they have an active metal in its composition. The mechanical metallization is a successfully technique at laboratory scale and specially applied to oxide ceramics, which was patented by Forschungszentrum Juelich in Germany. It consists basically on wearing out a conical-shape metallic tool against the ceramic surface to produce an active metal coating on it using established control parameters. This particular metallization is made at room temperature with low cost production and environmentally safe because it does not produce hazardous chemical residues. Indirect brazing process of zirconia to metals is achieved using active-metal-free filler alloys on previously metallized ceramic. These alloys dissolve part of this coating and its active metal reacts with the oxide ceramic to improve wetting on its surface at brazing temperature. Tetragonal zirconia polycristals with yttria (TZP-Y) and partially stabilized zirconia with magnesia (PSZ-Mg) were mechanically metallized with Ti. Wetting conditions onto the ceramic surface were evaluated for two different filler alloys and thermal cycles and the better results selected for brazing tests. Metallic counterparts were brazed to zirconia in a high-vacuum furnace (<3×10 mbar) using commercial Ag-Cu and Au-Ni filler alloys. Helium gas leak detection test was made at the ceramic-metal interface; samples from reliable vacuum tight joints (<10 mbar.l.s) were examined by conventional microestructural analysis and linescan technique using energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Microhardness profiles were made across the joints interface where zirconia undergone a darkening effect during brazing. Interactions between the fillers and metallic members and with metallized ceramic surface have been examined. The best results were obtained for brazed joints with the eutectic Ag-Cu alloy when in its microstructure a reaction layer was revealed at the ceramic/metal interface. Metallurgically sound joints were produced due to superficial chemical interactions of Ti with the filler alloy and zirconia.


The purpose of this work was to investigate possible differences in physicochemical properties and stability between amorphous forms of simvastatin prepared by (a) cryo-milling and (b) melting and quench-cooling. Both methods resulted in X-ray amorphous forms and HPLC analysis indicated a small percentage of chemical degradation during the preparation processes. Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC) results showed significantly different onset temperatures of recrystallization and recrystallization enthalpies for both amorphous forms. Raman spectra of the amorphous forms showed differences in the intensities of the methylene bands for the cryo-milled and quench-cooled forms. Upon storage at 20 °C, the cryo-milled samples recrystallized within one day, whereas the quench-cooled samples showed no signs of recrystallization, even when stored at 40 °C for 3 days. Principal component analysis was carried out to further analyze any differences in the Raman spectra. The results indicate the existen...


Objective: We examined the associations between sports participation and 3 aspects of psychosocial health in children, ie, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and prosocial behavior. Methods: Cross-sectional data from 2062 Dutch fourth and fifth graders were obtained using a sports participation questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results: Fewer internalizing problems, fewer externalizing problems, and better prosocial behavior were found for sports club members. We also found fewer internalizing problems as frequency of sports participation increased. All associations were more prominent for boys. Conclusions: Given the positive associations between psychosocial health and sports participation, school administrators and policymakers should develop programs that encourage children to participate in organized sports activities.


As mineral extraction becomes deeper with increased levels of mechanization and higher production rates, the mechanical cooling systems used to maintain an acceptable underground climate become increasingly complex and expensive. To ensure that mining operations may reduce their capital and operational costs, it is essential that the industry is able to determine the most cost effective and energy efficient mine cooling system for each operation. The climatic conditions that exist within an underground mine ventilation network are produced from a complex interaction of a range of contributing factors. These factors include: the surface air conditions, the depth of working, the method of working, the type of mineral mined, the local strata temperatures, and the size and type of machinery used. In order to analyse the various cooling methods it was necessary to develop a representative model that could encompass the factors that influence the energy transfers between the ventilation air and a mine cooling system. A commercial ventilation network solver VnetpcTM2 was used to replicate the volumetric airflow rates and pressure distributions that were measured around the network. Using the data from the balanced network, the thermal climate existing within the mine was modelled using a commercial mine climate code ClimsimTM3. The simulations performed using this thermal model provided the data required to conduct the exergy analyses to assess the performance of the various mine cooling system configurations investigated. Although the UK, currently, has no specific statutory regulations that quantify the level of an acceptable underground working climate, a The application of exergy analysis to the cooling of a deep UK colliery


Miniemulsionscanbe understod asaqueousdispersions of relative stableoil droplets with dropletssizesranging from 30 to 500nm preparedby intense shear of a system containing oil, water, a surfactant,anda hydrophobe. It was recently shown that the hydrophobesuppresse s the mass exchange between the different oil droplets by osmotic forces(the Ostwaldripening), but directly after miniemulsification the dispersionis only critically stabilized in terms of collisions, and the droplets can still increasein size by collision and fusion. A fully stable miniemulsion system can be obtained by collisional growth until thesurfacetension inducedLaplacepressure andthe osmotic pressurecounterbalanceor by post-stabilization of theprimary droplets directly afterminiemulsification with an adequate second charge of surfactant. Due to the fact that the polymerization is usually faster thanthegrowthof thedropletsby collisions,thepolymerization in carefuly prepared miniemulsions results in latex particles which have about the samesize as the initial droplets,as recently shown by a combination of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), surface tension measurement s and conductometry. In other words: the appropriate formulation of a miniemulsion suppresse s coalescence of droplets and Ostwald ripening, and a situationvery close to a 1:1 copying procedur e of droplets to particles canbe obtained. For the formulation of miniemulsions, a wide variationof anionic, cationic,and nonionic surfactantscouldbeusedresultingin differently chargedandstablepolymerdispersions . Up to now, the generation of polymers in miniemulsions was always basedon radical polymerizations of monomerscontaining doublebounds. The miniemulsion processcan also be usedfor artificial latexeswherethe polymerization takesplacesbefore theminiemulsification process.Vanderhoff et al. usedthis type of processfor generating epoxide resinsasa secondar y dispersion.The polymer waspreparedin bulk polymerizationandthenit wasdissolved in an essentiallywater-immiscibleorganic solventof low molecularmass. Contrary to the proces of creatinga secondar y dispersion, in this paperwe will show that the miniemulsion processcanbeappliedin a muchbroader range,e.g., the monomericcomponentsaremixedtogetherandpolyaddition and polycondensation reactions can be performed after miniemulsification in the miniemulsificatedstate. In this paper , different di-, tri-, and tetra-epoxides are reactedwith varying diamines,dithiols,andbisphenolsto covera wide range of potential chemicalstructures. From a technical point of view, the resulting dispersions are interestingfor a widespreadrangeof purposes, since standard recipesof gluing andcoating formulations already baseon epoxychemistry. Here, theminiemulsion route represents an ecological meaningful improvement to the hydrosol technology or secondar y dispersions whereartificial latexesby the emulsification of polymer solutionscan beobtained.


Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a vector-borne sleeping sickness parasitic disease spread through the bite of infected tsetse flies (Glossina genus), which is highly populated in rural Africa. The present study constructed quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models based on quantum chemical electronic descriptors to bring out the extent to which the electronic factor of the selected compounds affects the HAT activity. Theoretical prediction of toxicity (pIC50) of the series of heterocyclic scaffolds consisting 32 pyridyl benzamide derivatives towards HAT is investigated by considering all possible combinations of electrophilicity index (ω) and the square of electrophilicity index (ω2) as descriptors in the studied models along with other descriptors previously used by Masand et al. A multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis is conducted to develop the models. Further, in order to obtain the variable selection on the overall data set having diverse functional groups, the analysis using sum of ranking differences methodology with ties is carried out.


The use of a concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) system significantly reduces the required solar cell area that often accounts for the major cost of a PV solar system. A comprehensive performance analysis of a multi-mirror solar concentrated hybrid PV thermal (CPVT) system was conducted. Among different concentrating systems, Linear Fresnel Reflector (LFR) systems are more effective due to their simplicity of operation and low fabrication cost. A mathematical model and the simulation of a CPVT system employing a linear configuration and horizontal absorber is developed here in order to evaluate its performance parameters, using a FORTRAN programing technique. The concentrator system consists of, different width of flat glass mirrors placed under various inclination angles, focusing sunlight on to the PV solar cells mounted along the active cooling system. The effect of focus distance on concentration ratio, collector width, and heat gained by the coolant fluid are investigated. All parameters of the linear Fresnel reflector solar concentrator system are determined and the effect of cooling mass flow rate and cooling inlet temperature upon the system performance is evaluated. With regards to simulation results obtained via the focus distances, the width of mirrors decreased by increasing the number of mirrors, and in turn by increasing the focus distances, this resulted in an increase in CR values. For the specific number of mirrors, concentration ratio increased simultaneously increasing the focus distance; furthermore, increasing the number of mirrors resulted in a reduction in both the width of the mirrors and their inclination angles, and an increase in CR values. The results further confirmed that the total (combined electrical-thermal) efficiency is higher than that of the individual electrical as well as thermal efficiency; reaching approximately 80% and showed no sensitivity to the rises in cooling water temperature for temperature cases under consideration.


The problem Modern manufacturing needs to be flexible. Flexibility is achieved by smaller lot sizes of the parts manufactured, which places higher demands on keeping the setup times low. Setup time ...


The characteristics of buried hill reservoir in Zhuangxi-Chengdao area are studied,and the reservoir space types are analyzed.It is pointed out that the reservoir space is composed of karst reservoir and pore reservoir.Karstification is the main forming mechanism of the carbonate karst reservoir near the unconformity,and the depth influenced by atmogenic freshwater is about 150 m under the Caledonian unconformity.Dolomitization is the important forming mechanism of buried hill reservoir.The reservoirs of Yeli-Liangjiashan Formation are mainly concerned with dolomitization duringthe buried processing,especiallyconcerned with the volume contraction ofgrains.


Based on hydraulic proportional feedback system and sensor testing technique,an automatic melt press for FOP fabrication was developed to improve the low control accuracy and reproducibility of conventional melt presses to fabricate fiber optic plates(FOP).Describes its working principle,process flow and structural characteristics,especially the working principle of its hydraulic control system that is the core in machine reforming.Experiment results showed that the melt press we developed is highly automatic,and its control accuracy of technological parameters is proved not lower than other advanced similar domestic/foreign systems,i.e.,the control accuracies of vacuum degree,temperature and pressure are ±2?Pa,±0.1?℃ and ±1%,respectively.A new means was thus provided for RD of FOP fabrication.


Aging is associated with stable decline in the brain's gray matter. This spatially specific, morphological change in humans has also recently been shown in chimpanzees. The correspondence between species-specific cortical expansion and the degree of brain structure deterioration in aging remains poorly understood. Here, we present a data-driven, cross-species comparative framework and apply it to explore the relationship between gray matter alterations with age and cross-species cerebral expansion in chimpanzees and humans. In humans, we found a positive relationship between cerebral aging and cortical expansion, whereas, in chimpanzees no such relationship was found between aging and cortical expansion. The greater aging and expansion effects in higher-order cognitive regions like the orbito-frontal cortex were observed to be unique to humans. This resembles the last-in, first out hypothesis for neurodevelopment on the evolutionary scale and may suggest a biological cost for recent evolutionary developments of human faculties.


The classical repertoire of synthetic organic chemistry is short of methods that allow triple bonds to be transformed into (E)-alkenes with high selectivity in the presence of other reducible sites...


The invention discloses an IP terminal device management system and method for double-center networking. The IP terminal device management system comprises a first call center, a second call center and a plurality of IP terminal devices, wherein the first call center and the second call center are connected with the multiple IP terminal devices through a network, are respectively provided with an SIP server module, work at the same time, serve as backups of each other, load and share the multiple IP terminal devices and respectively manage registration information and call information of the multiple IP terminal devices. According to the IP terminal device management system and method, when one call center is abnormal in registration, the IP terminal devices can be immediately switched to the other call center to carry out registration, when the original call center gets normal, the IP terminal devices can be switched to the original call center to carry out registration, and balanced loads of the first call center and the second call center are guaranteed.


An LC quadrature oscillator having phase and an amplitude mismatch compensator is provided to compensate mismatch of the clock and phase of I/Q signal by compensating mismatch between two LC resonant. An LC quadrature oscillator includes a first LC generator(110), a second LC generator(120), and a mismatch compensator(125). The first LC generator produce at lest a first clock signal(CLK90,CLK270), and the second LC generator generates at least clock signal(CLK0,CLK180). At least one first clock signal and at least one second clock signal form an I/Q clock signal, and the first and the second generator are intersected with each other. A mismatch compensator compensates the phase and amplitude of the I/Q clock signal while having an amplitude compensator(130), which detects the first clock signal and the second clock signal.


This paper implies the modified space vector pulse width modulation for switched inductor z-source inverter-based uninterrupted power supply. In a conventional inverter-based uninterrupted power supply system, efficiency is reduced because of additional devices. The output voltage of the proposed switched inductor z-source inverter with modified space vector pulse width modulation will be increased by using the boost factor concept, which is not possible in conventional inverters. This inverter has a shoot-through operating state along with the active state and zero state; hence, voltage boost capability is raised. The shoot-through pulses are uniformly allocated within the zero state in each phase in order to increase the output voltage. Hence, voltage due to zero state is condensed in order to generate shoot-through state and the active states remain the same. Theoretical results for the proposed uninterrupted power supply based on switched inductor z-source inverter with modified space vector pulse width modulation technique are verified and validated by using MATLAB / Simulink software.


The image of the head of the State as a significant factor illustrating the attitude to the country of the world community, the success of its foreign policy, is constructed by various media including the "quality press" represented by «Spiegel» one of the most influential magazines in Germany and Europe. Over the past three presidential election campaigns involving V. Putin his image characteristics in «Spiegel» have evolved from a predominantly neutral to negative. The results obtained by qualitative methods are confirmed by quantitative indicators obtained through the method of content analysis: significant increase of lexical units that characterize the unlimited authority of V. Putin and at the same time the decrease of lexical items describing the extent of his popularity in the community. However, V. Putin's personal characteristics were polar: both positive and negative. In constructing of V. Putin's image by German journalists there has been a shift of emphasis from the problem of Chechnya during the first presidential race to shortcomings in the functioning of democratic political institutions in the other two. According to content analysis the number of articles devoted to Chechnya has reduced sharply since 2003. Modeling the image of the President of Russia «Spiegel» takes into account a wide range of opinions, rests on official statistics, uses a variety of data collection methods, which suggests a significant proportion of objectivity of both the information itself and the image created on its base. However, the German journalists are not free from biased assessments of certain activities of the Head of Russian State. The image of the leader of a foreign country as a multidimensional phenomenon is justified by a lot of reasons to be presented in a certain perspective. In this case, one of the determining factors of this is the political course of the President. Since the basic components of the negative image of V. Putin created by «Spiegel» are related to the problems of the democratic political process, human rights in Russia, so to expect the transformation of the image of V.Putin in the German weekly magazine for the better without real positive changes in the RF political sphere is hardly possible.


This article examines trust decanting in connection with dissolution of marriage proceedings within the frameword of the Ferri v. Ferri-Powell opinions.


Abstract— A method of preparation of positive O films with the tilt angle of the optic axis continuously controlled in the range 0–90° is proposed. It is based on the use of reactive mesogens and alignment materials that provide a wide range of pretilt angles. The method developed allows for further improvement in the viewing‐angle characteristics of LCDs with O compensation films.


Sudan is endemic for visceral, cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis. The latter is the least common of the three forms of leishmaniasis. It is caused by L. donovani , the same parasite that causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the country. Most of the cases were reported from VL endemic areas, the majority in adults. The disease may be primary in the oral and or the upper respiratory mucosa or may follow or accompany visceral leishmaniasis.
This paper is a report of a case of mucosal leishmaniasis of the nose and lips. It is unusual in several aspects: the disease was acquired in a village where no cases of VL or mucosal leishmaniasis were recorded within living memory, before an outbreak in 1981 during which the patient was infected; the patient was infected at the age of five years and the disease remained active for 22 years causing physical deformity and psychological trauma to the patient.
Sudanese Journal of Dermatology Vol. 3(2) 2005: 88-91


TPRA40/GPR175 is an orphan receptor whose physiological functions have not been found to date. In an attempt to generate transgenic mice that express an shRNA of TPRA40, we observed that the cell division of early mouse embryos that injected the short hairpin RNA expression vector was significantly accelerated compared with the control vector. The regulation of cell division by TPRA40 was also observed in HeLa cells. Since the C‐terminal region of TPRA40 has been shown to be essential for the regulation of cell division, we performed yeast two‐hybrid screening using the C‐terminal region as bait. Nuclear antigen of 14 kDa (NA14), an autoantigen of Sjögren's syndrome, was identified as a binding protein to the C‐terminal region of TPRA40. The binding of TPRA40 and NA14 was confirmed by GST pull‐down assay and co‐immunoprecipitation assay. FLAG‐TPRA40 is transported from the cytosol to the plasma membrane in time‐dependent manner and the translocation was inhibited by GFP‐NA14ΔN, an N‐terminal deletion mutant that cannot bind to microtubules but binds to TPRA40. TPRA40ΔC, which cannot bind to NA 14, shows impaired transport to the plasma membrane. Finally, we found that the effect of TPRA40 on mouse embryogenesis is strengthened by GFP‐NA14, but not by GFP or GFP‐NA14ΔN. These observations indicate that the functional plasma membrane transport of TPRA40 that regulates cell division of mouse embryos is mediated by NA14. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 194–206, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A hearing aid is an electroacoustic device for improving the hearing ability of hearing impaired. It should be designed such that it is able to adjust the magnitude response of arbitrary input frequencies, have low power consumption for reasonable battery life, output should be provided with a low delay and the overall structure should be small in size. This paper gives an overview of the hearing aid staring with the causes for hearing loss, different ways to improve the loss, a brief history of the hearing aid & the technology behind the hearing aid. Key Words— Hearing Aid, Hearing loss I.INTRODUCTION Every human being are blessed with two ears, an organ which is used to hear the sounds surrounding us. But many people around us have hearing loss. Hearing loss happens when there is a problem with one or more parts of the ear, the nerves coming from the ears, or the part of the brain that controls hearing. About 3 in 1,000 babies are born with hearing loss, making it the most common birth defect. A hearing problem can also develop later in life. Human ear is able to hear within the frequency range of 20-20KHz[1] How does a human ear work? [2] The ear is made up of three different sections as shown in fig (1) : the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. These parts work together. The outer ear, or pinna , picks up sound waves and the waves then travel through the outer ear canal Fig(1) A human ear When the sound waves hit the eardrum in the middle ear, the eardrum starts to vibrate. When the eardrum vibrates, it moves three tiny bones in the ear. These bones are called the hammer (or malleus), anvil (or incus), and stirrup (or stapes). They help sound move along on its journey into the inner ear. The vibrations then travel to the cochlea, which is filled with liquid and lined with cells that have thousands of tiny hairs on their surfaces. There are two types of hair cells: the outer and inner cells. The sound vibrations make the tiny hairs move. The outer hair cells take the sound information, amplify it (make it louder), and tune it. The inner hair cells send the sound information to hearing nerve, which then sends it to brain, allowing hear.


This article studies individuals' optimal decisions on consumption, life insurance, and stock purchases in a one-period framework. With exponential utility functions, individuals' life insurance and stock purchases are independent of each other; life insurance purchases are affected only by individuals' future income, bequest intensity, risk attitude, survival probability, and the insurance risk premium; stock purchases are affected only by individuals' risk attitude, the risk-free rate of return, the stock return, and stock volatility. With power utility functions, life insurance and stock purchases are positively related with each other and are affected by all the factors.


In this letter, we propose and demonstrate a simple and flexible optical ultra-wideband (UWB) pulse generator that can be reconfigured for pulse-position modulation, biphase modulation, and pulse-shape modulation. The system is implemented using a dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator and an electrically reconfigurable asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer (AMZI). The AMZI consists of a polarization modulator (PolM), a polarization controller (PC), a section of polarization-maintaining fiber, and an optical polarizer. By adjusting the PC and the drive voltage to the PolM, the system is reconfigured to generate UWB signals with different modulation formats. An experiment is performed, which verifies the proposed technique.


Anatomical structure of P.ternata was studied by paraffin section to rationally develop and utilize P.ternata resource.The results showed that the primary structure of root consisted of stratum epidermis,cortex and stele(pentarch),without secondary structure.The epidermis cells of bulbel and corm are ranged closely and orderly.The parenchymatous tissue contains a lot of starch grains and crystal,and a small number of amphivasal vascular bundle.The leaf of P.ternate is bifacial leaf.The upper and lower epidermis of cuticle are thick.Stomas are paracytic type only on the lower epidermis.There are chloroplasts in the epidermis cells of petiole.The petiole's mechanical tissue is made up of collenchyma cells which are under the lower epidermis,and its vascular bundle are ranged as three circle rings.


A particular expression of the mutual coherence function of a wave is first derived for a system of random layers with rough boundaries, starting from the unified Bethe-Salpeter equation that involves the random medium and boundaries on exactly the same footing. An effective scattering matrix of the medium is then introduced, which is the only medium-dependent quantity involved in the expression and is obtained as a boundary-value solution of the diffusion equation. The diffusion approximation is based on an eigenfunction expansion by using a set of eigenfunctions of the medium scattering cross section that can be even rotationally variant, and the first term is good enough in the diffusion region. Here each expansion coefficient is obtained as the solution of an integral equation with terms of the boundaries, and, for the first term, the equation can be converted to a diffusion equation with a source term, subjected to boundary conditions determined by the boundary scattering cross sections. Here the condition at each boundary is valid even when the averaged refractive indices of the two media differ from each other by a large amount, as contrasted to the condition of no reflection used so far when obtaining boundary-value solutions of diffusion equations. Specific expressions are obtained for both backscattered and transmitted waves through a random layer, along with numerical examples. The boundary condition is finally generalized to meet the case of a rough boundary between two random media of different kinds, consistent with power conservation.