The porosity and permeability of deep coal seams are usually as low as 5% and 0.1mD, respectively, thus requiring hydraulic fracturing to obtain an economic coalbed methane production rate. In-situ stress evaluation is fundamental to the hydraulic fracturing design. However, the conventional in-situ stress calculation methods could not be used directly due to the specific structure and rock mechanic features of deep coal seams. The in-situ stress of deep coal seam should be interpreted with full consideration of deep coal geology, logging, coal petrology, and elastic mechanics. This paper proposed a modified in-situ stress interpretation method that integrated sonic logging and micro-indentation methods. Sonic logging provides the compressive and shear velocity of the coal seam, and micro-indentation provides the compressibility coefficient of the coal cleats, coal bedding, and principal minerals that are used to identify the effective stress coefficient. Firstly, the dynamic Young's modulus and dynamic Poisson's ratio are calculated by acoustic logging and density logging data, and the correlations of dynamic - static Young's modulus and dynamic - static Poisson's ratio are obtained in combination with indoor core mechanic experiments. Then, the minimum horizontal principal stress estimated from 9 wells of hydraulic fracturing operation data (LX field China) is used to figure out the maximum and minimum horizontal structural coefficients. The micro-indentation of the deep coal seam is used to calculate the effective stress coefficient modifier. Results showed that the Poisson's ratio of the up and bottom layers is slightly smaller than that of the coal seam, and Young's modulus of the up and bottom layers is 6.15 times larger than that of the coal seam. Indicating that there are significant differences in the mechanical properties of the coal seam and the up and bottom layers. In terms of stress prediction results, the LX coal seam has a large interlayer stress difference with the up and bottom layers. The vertical stress is the maximum in the three-dimensional stress, which belongs to the normal fault type in-situ stress type. The proposed method can be used to evaluate the in-situ stress and mechanical properties of the coal seam and can be further used for other coal seams' in-situ stress and mechanical property evaluation.


With the increasing demand for urban rail transit among Chinese residents, in order to solve the problem of traditional vehicle braking control models being unable to brake normally under abnormal conditions, intelligent methods are studied to adjust the parameters of the braking model under abnormal conditions and construct an intelligent braking control model. The performance verification of the improved brake control model was conducted, and the experimental results showed that under abnormal signal collection conditions, the error of the brake cylinder pressure change curve of the improved brake control model was 8kPa, and the error of the pressure relief curve was 5kPa. Its brake performance and pressure relief performance were better than traditional brake models. In summary, the improved brake control model can meet the pressure control needs of traditional models in different situations, and has practical value


Lie detection is considered a concern for everyone in their day to day life given its impact on human interactions. Hence, people are normally not only pay attention to what their interlocutors are saying but also try to inspect their visual appearances, including faces, to find any signs that indicate whether the person is telling the truth or not. Unfortunately to date, the automatic lie detection, which may help us to understand this lying characteristics are still fairly limited. Mainly due to lack of a lie dataset and corresponding evaluations. In this work, we have collected a dataset that contains annotated images and 3D information of different participants faces during a card game that incentivise the lying. Using our collected dataset, we evaluated several types of machine learning based lie detector through generalize, personal and cross lie lie experiments. In these experiments, we showed the superiority of deep learning based model in recognizing the lie with best accuracy of 57% for generalized task and 63% when dealing with a single participant. Finally, we also highlight the limitation of the deep learning based lie detector when dealing with different types of lie tasks.


Abstract : The following conclusions concerning light reflectance from tree foliage in the wavelength region from 400 to 700 millimicrons were drawn from this study: (1) Tree foliage becomes less reflective as it matures, up to the point where fall coloration reveals distinct changes in leaf pigmentation. (2) New pine needles are more reflective than one-year-old needles. The result is a gradual increase in light reflectance from pines during the early part of the growing season. Once the new needles are fully developed, reflectance tends to decrease during the late summer and fall. (3) Reflectance from broadleaved foliage is relatively high when the leaves first develop, declines during the spring and early summer, remains nearly constant or declines slightly during the summer, and increases strongly during the fall color change. (4) Reflectance from tree foliage is influenced by moisture conditions and declines when trees experience moisture stress. (5) Distinct tone contrasts between pines and braodleaved trees in leaf can be obtained most consistently on panchromatic aerial panchromatic aerial photography during the spring, when one-year-old needles dominate in pin pines and new foliage is appearing on deciduous trees. Strong tone contrasts can also be obtained when the broadleaved trees are leafless. (Author)


The objectives of this research are: (1) To find out whether or not the use of folktales in teaching listening comprehension is effective to improve the students' listening comprehension ability and (2) To elaborate the students motivation toward the use of folktales in teaching listening comprehension is effective to improve the students' listening comprehension ability.This research is a quasi experimental research and it employed a cluster random sampling technique. The researcher randomly select two class from six class of the tenth years students. Group A was as experimental group and group B became control group. The data were collected by using test and questionnaire. The data of the students' learning outcomes on listening were collected by using listening test while the data on the students' motivation were collected by using questionnaire. Those data were then analyzed descriptively and inferentially using SPSS 16.0 and Likert Scale.The result of data analysis indicated that: (1)the learning outcomes on listening of the tenth years students of SMA Negeri 1 Parepare taught by using folktales in teaching listening significantly increased after the treatment. "The use of folktales in teaching listening comprehension" effective in improving listening comprehension achievement of the students better than conventional activity as indicated by the t-test value 7.571 and the p-value (2-tailed) .000 which was not greater than .05 level of significance; (2) the students were motivated in learning listening by using folktales, as indicated by the mean score 83.83 from the questionnaire. It means that the students were classified strongly motivated students. Key words: folktales and listening comprehension


Neural networks (NN) are architectures and algorithms for machine learning. They are quite powerful for tasks like classification, clustering, and pattern recognition. Large neural networks can be considered a universal function that can approximate any function, and hence are effective at learning from the training data, not only the useful information but also the noise in the training data. However, as the number of neurons and the number of hidden layers grow, the number of connections in the network increases exponentially, and the over fitting problem becomes more severe biased towards noise. Various methods have been proposed to address this problem such as AutoEncoder, Dropout, DropConnect, and Factored Mean training. In this paper, we propose a denoising autoencoder approach using a modified Elliott activation function and a cost function that favors sparsity in the input data. Preliminary experiments using the modified algorithm on several real data sets showed that the proposed approach performed well.


This study was conducted at the agricultural research station for raising ducks in AlMuthanna Governorate, from 14/12/2021 to 14/02/2022 (60 days). A total of 60 one-day-old Chinese duck chicks were reared with an average weight of 42 gm. Ducklings were prepared from local markets in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, Chicks were held in a semi-enclosed hall with dimensions of 25 x 10 m, were randomly distributed into four treatments, each treatment was three replicates (5 chicks/replicate). It was placed in 12 pennies, an area of 1.5 x 1 m, and the experiment's parameters were as follows: the control treatment (T1), and treatments T2, T3 and T4, water extract of sage leaves was used at a concentration of 2.5, 5 and 7.5 ml per liter of drinking water, respectively. The results show that all treatments of the sage leaf extract gave the best results as a significant (P≤0.05) for carcass quality traits compared to the control treatment. The T4 treatment gave the best performance as a significant (P≤0.05) of carcass traits compared to the rest of the treatments of the aqueous extract of sage leaves.


System resources are usually not retrieved through deception by users who are not legal. This is basically ensured by Authentication. Text password is one of the forms of user authentication that is very suitable due to its ease and convenience. However such passwords are prone to be stolen and negotiated under different threats and vulnerabilities. Users often select weak passwords and tend to use the same password across different websites. Users are required to remember more, longer and changing passwords. An adversary can launch several passwords stealing attacks and gain access to user's personal data. It is evident that a convenient and more secure form of user authentication is necessary. The authentication mechanism called Two-factor authentication is introduced to overcome this drawback. Two factors compared to one factor generally deliver a higher level of security assurance. Various schemes have been proposed which allow the users to freely choose their password like PassFile, and thus eliminate the problem of entering and remembering the reusable password. These schemes use a smart card and are secure against various possible attacks.


Which conditional verb forms proved most difficult for Thai secondary school students to produce, and what errors resulted in written and spoken English, were studied. Data was collected from two tasks: 1) a gap-fill task by 68 twelfth-grade students in an integrated English program at a public high school in Bangkok, Thailand and 2) a spoken task to explore the errors made by 20 students from the same group. Results of the gap-fill task were that the majority of participants misused the subject and verb agreement in Factual Conditional; present simple tense in Future Predictive, together with Present Counterfactual; and future simple tense in Past Counterfactual. In the spoken task, the future simple tense was most commonly misused in the target conditional types altogether. Pedagogical implications were provided in the study. For example, teachers of English should have their students effectively master grammatical if-conditional constructions, especially the present simple tense, future simple tense, and even the subject and verb agreement in the production of conditional sentences.


Aiming at the shortcomings of high energy consumption and low efficiency of early 50MW turbine units,carries out the dual pull-out capacity-increase transformation.According to the structure characteristics of units and main technology index before transformation,makes clear the restriction condition and target.Introduces the material transformation project and implementation process.Compares and analyzes the operation situation,structure characteristic,technology index,economy benefit of units before transformation with units after transformation.


Porous activated carbons were prepared using bamboo and applied to the removal of volatile organic compounds and reactive dyes. Adsorption equilibrium and column dynamics were also investigated. It was found that the activated carbon prepared in this work can be successfully applied to the removal of pollutants from gas and liquid phases.


A year on from the Bali nightclub bombing in which more than two hundred people died, there is still a reluctance to accept the extent of extremists' reach in Southeast Asia. Despite recent convictions including two death sentences against those involved, states have been in denial about how far groups like Jemaah Islamiyah have capitalized on local grievances. Further violent attacks and recent arrests now challenge this complacency.


Discussion on Enhancing the Core Competitiveness of College Students' Employment by Starting from the Improvement of Students' Growth Files Peng Zhao Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130032, China Abstract In recent years, the employment pressure of Chinese college students has increased. For colleges and universities, it is very important to adopt various methods to improve the employment competitiveness of students while cultivating students. Based on the unique perspective of students' growth files, this paper analyzes and discusses how to improve students' growth files to strengthen the core competitiveness of college students' employment, and discusses the relationship between the two, hoping to provide some new ideas for colleges and universities archives management.


Abstract On the control of carbohydrate utilization in yeast. — The results of a previous investigation showed that in higher plants the stimulating action of 2,4 dinitrophenol (DNP) on oxygen uptake and glycolysis is accompained by a fall of the level of reducing sugars, due to an increase of their respiratory utilization, and thus — according to every evidence — of the rate of hexose phosphate synthesis. In the present work, the occurrence of a similar phenomenon in yeast (where the inhibiting effect of DNP on glucose uptake is not so much marked as in higher plant tissue) was investigated. Here again DNP, at a 10-4M concentration, induced a rapid decrease of the disaccaride trehalose and of glycogen, such as to account for the increased rate of respiration and of fermentation. The ratio between the contributions to CO2 of Carbons 1 and respectively 6 of glucose was not significantly changed by DNP, which suggests that at least part of the DNP induced increase of glycolysis was mediated by the Embden Me...


Results are presented for a pilot air quality assessment study concluded in the industrial city of Ostrava, Czech Republic, from October 16 to November 14, 1995. The objective of the study was to quantify the impact of emissions sources on residential areas in Ostrava. Ambient 24-h concentrations of fine and coarse particle mass, elemental species, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured at three sampling sites; concentrations of SO2, NOx, CO, PM-10 mass, and meteorological data were continuously monitored. Emissions from the major local sources were characterized in order to obtain chemical signatures for source apportionment modeling. Chemical mass balance receptor modeling was applied to ambient data in an attempt to apportion PM2.5 mass , including toxic metals and PAHs. Results indicated a large impact from coke ovens at all monitoring sites when winds were from the southwest.


To analyze the predominant frequencies of hearing threshold shift and the prevalence of hearing loss related to the co-exposure to noise and solvents. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed by retrieving published articles from Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and ProQuest until July 2023. Data were extracted in line with the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality were used to assess the studies' quality. The meta-analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI). I2 and Q statistics were used to prove the heterogeneity. A total of 22 selected studies (9948 workers), six cohort studies and 16 cross-sectional studies were included. The results revealed that 43.7%, 41.3%, and 53.6% of the participants presented with hearing loss due to noise exposure, solvent exposure, and combined exposure to noise and solvent, respectively. The workers exposed to both noise and solvents had a higher risk of hearing loss than those exposed to noise (overall weighted odds ratio [OR]: 1.76) or solvents (overall-weighted OR: 2.02) alone. The poorer hearing threshold in the combined noise and solvents exposure group was mainly at high frequencies (3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz), with a peak of 29.47 dB HL at 6 kHz. The noise-exposed group's peak hearing threshold was 28.87 dB HL at 4 kHz. The peak hearing threshold of the solvent-exposed group was 28.65 dB HL at 6 kHz. The workers exposed to noise and solvent simultaneously had a higher prevalence of hearing loss than those exposed to solvents. Co-exposure to noise and solvents increases the odds of hearing loss. The dominant hearing threshold changes occurred at 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz, and the peak value appeared at 6 kHz in workers co-exposed to noise and solvents.


Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of oral care, perceived halitosis, halitosis, interpersonal relationships and oral health-related quality of life and to examine the relationships among these variables. Methods: The participants were 94 elderly people. The questionnaire included questions on oral care, perceived halitosis, interpersonal relationships, and oral health-related quality of life. Halitosis was measured using odor breath tester. Results: A total of 63.8% of the elderly did not receive regular oral care. The halitosis score was 1.59, thus indicating moderate halitosis. The current perceived halitosis figure was 1.54, participants responded that they feel slight. There was no significant correlation between halitosis and perceived halitosis. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in halitosis and perceived halitosis according to the oral care. Perceived halitosis was negatively correlated with oral health-related quality of life. Interpersonal relationships were correlated with oral health-related quality of life. Conclusions: It is necessary to actively promote the need for oral care among the elderly. Moreover, older people need regular oral care to prevent halitosis and improve their oral health-related quality of life. Korean J Health Promot 2019;19(4):229-236


Management effectiveness influences the overall performance of an organization. This may be shown by achieving organizational goals and employee satisfaction even when change occurs. Organizational changes may involve changes in an organization's structure and strategy that may be planned in advance or may be implemented because of a sudden shift in the environment. Alongside dealing with these distractions, change management helps an organization to implement strategies for inducing change, controlling change, and helping employees to adapt to change. The organization understudy is the Department of Trade and Industry Laguna Provincial Office (DTI Laguna). This study describes organizational resilience and change management as inputs to management effectiveness. More specifically, it determines the assessment in organizational resilience in terms of capital resilience, strategic resilience, cultural resilience, relationship resilience, and learning resilience and the assessment in change management in terms of project management and corporate culture. Likewise, it determines if there is a significant relationship between assessment in organizational resilience and change management. Moreover, it proposes an action plan based on significant findings as inputs to management effectiveness. The study uses a quantitative method of research to gather information on organizational resilience and change management. The entire population of the organization understudy is small; thus, the participants of the study are all 62 employees of DTI Laguna, including the management and support staff. The data gathering instrument is divided into three major parts (profile of the respondents, a questionnaire on organizational resilience using a 4-point Likert scale, and a questionnaire on change management using a 4-point Likert scale) and is tested for reliability using Cronbach's alpha. An online survey tool (Google Forms) is used to gather the information. The results are analyzed by a trained statistician using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences tool for frequency distribution and percentages, weighted mean, and ANOVA. Based from the results, the employees agree on the assessment in organizational resilience in terms of capital resilience, strategic resilience, cultural resilience, and learning resilience. Employees strongly agree on the assessment in organizational resilience in terms of relationship resilience. There is a significant difference between assessment in organizational resilience in terms of strategic resilience, cultural resilience, relationship resilience, and learning resilience when grouped to length of service. There is a significant difference between assessment in organizational resilience in terms of capital resilience, strategic resilience, cultural resilience, and learning resilience when grouped to monthly income. Moreover, based from the results, employees agree on the assessment in change management in terms of project management and corporate culture. Corporate culture was ranked first. There is a significant difference between assessment in change management in terms of project management and corporate culture when grouped to length of service and monthly income. There is a significant relationship between assessment in organizational resilience in terms of capital resilience, strategic resilience, cultural resilience, relationship resilience, and learning resilience and assessment in change management in terms of project management and corporate culture. The researcher recommends that the Office of the Provincial Director may want to increase connections with employees by devising online bulletin boards wherein employees' thoughts (pulse survey perhaps) may be posted. Also, they may want to organize an in-house "mentor me" program wherein an open communication may be facilitated between the management and the employees. The quality management team may want to revisit the implementation of monthly staff meeting and quarterly management reviews to maintain management effectiveness. The Administrative and Finance Management Unit may want to further improve the level of trust of employees to the management by devising an online shared portal of status of funds that is to be updated from time to time. Future researchers may do a similar study or may use other variables not included in this study. More so, they may want to compare two or more government agencies to know if they will come up with the same results.


A technical description of the design of a new type of radiation monitors is given. The key point in the design is the low power consumption inferior to 17 mW in radiation sensing mode and inferior to 0.3 mW in standby mode. The radiation monitors can operate without any external power or signal cabling and measure and store radiation data for a maximum period of 800 days. To read the radiation data, a standard PC can be connected via a USB interface to the device at any time. Only a few seconds are required to read out a single monitor. This makes it possible to survey a large network of monitoring devices in a short period of time, for example during a stop of the accelerator.


The Chilean Automatic Supernovae SEarch (CHASE) is a survey designed to detect early Supernovae. In this paper we explore deep autoencoders to obtain a compressed latent space for a large transient candidate database from the CHASE image difference pipeline. Compared to conventional methods, the latent variables obtained with variational autoencoders preserve more information and are more discriminative towards real astronomical transients.


A control chart is very useful in monitoring various production process. There are many situations in which the simultaneous control of two or more related quality variables is necessary. When the joint distribution of the process variables is multivariate normal, multivariate Shewhart control charts using the function of the maximum likelihood estimator for monitoring the dispersion matrix are considered for the simultaneous monitoring of the dispersion matrix. The performances of the multivariate Shewhart control charts based on the proposed control statistic are evaluated in term of average run length (ARL). The performance is investigated in three cases, where the variances, covariances, and variances and covariances are changed respectively. The numerical results show that the performances of the proposed multivariate Shewhart control charts are not better than the control charts using the trace of the covariance matrix in the Jeong and Cho (2012) in terms of the ARLs.


The use of crop varieties resistant or tolerant to insect pests stress is an imperative approach in non-chemical crop protection. In the presented studies, 16 genotypes of gram (Cicer arietinum L. were utilized for field assessment against gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to evaluate their genotypic differences. Results on identification of susceptible and tolerant genotypes observed significant differences among the genotypes tested for same traits under consideration. Based on the data for larval population, percentage pod damage and yield components, genotypes CM 2100/96 and CM-4068/97 were relatively resistant, while, lines No. 96051 and PBC-2000 susceptible against preference of the H. armigera in contrast to other genotypes. Oviposition activities of moth were also monitored to trace the eggs of pest on gram, weeds and crops growing around the experimental field. It is suggested that gram genotypes located as sources of tolerance for H. armigera deserve due attention for resistance breeding strategies, if gram has to remain a viable crop.


In this paper, we present a novel autonomous vehicle (AV) localization design and its implementation, which we recommend to employ in challenging navigation conditions with a poor quality of the satellite navigation system signals and computer vision images. In the case when the GPS signal becomes unstable, other auxiliary navigation systems, such as computer-vision-based positioning, are employed for more accurate localization and mapping. However, the quality of data obtained from AV's sensors might be deteriorated by the extreme environmental conditions too, which infinitely leads to the decrease in navigation performance. To verify our computer-vision-based localization system design, we considered the Arctic region use case, which poses additional challenges for the AV's navigation and might employ artificial visual landmarks for improving the localization quality, which we used for the computer vision training. We further enhanced our data by applying affine transformations to increase its diversity. We selected YOLOv4 image detection architecture for our system design, as it demonstrated the highest performance in our experiments. For the computational platform, we employed a Nvidia Jetson AGX Xavier device, as it is well known and widely used in robotic and AV computer vision, as well as deep learning applications. Our empirical study showed that the proposed computer vision system that was further trained on the dataset enhanced by affine transformations became robust regarding image quality degradation caused by extreme environmental conditions. It was effectively able to detect and recognize images of artificial visual landmarks captured in the extreme Arctic region's conditions. The developed system can be integrated into vehicle navigation facilities to improve their effectiveness and efficiency and to prevent possible navigation performance deterioration.


Includes reports by the President, Director and auditor. Outlines acquisitions, educational programmes and volunteers committee. Lists Board of Directors and donors.


The constitutive expression of glutaryl-7-amidocephalosporanic acid(GL-7-ACA)acylase was realized.Based on it,a new plasmid pGEMKT-HPfACY with optimized RBS was constructed and transformed into E.coli JM105.After culturing in LB media,this recombinant strain reached an activity of 0.44 U/mL.This activity was twice of former one while the activity of the strain JM105/pGEMKT-HPRfACY reached as high as 2.98 U/mL using corn-steep as culture media.The acylase activity of recombinant strain hit 6.37 U/mL,using a strategy of controlling pH 7.5 by adding nutrient such as glycerin.


The design of local control unit for generator set of small and medium size hydraulic power plant was introduced. It can fulfill all functions of a lower end computer of computerized monitoring system. The management computer of local control unit can be removed. The cost and the size of the computerized monitoring system can be reduced by integrating the signal of rotating rate and the temperature measuring and protection system for the generator set into the LCU. It is especially suitable for the automatization control of generator set of small and medium size hydraulic power plant.


It is pointed out that fuel preparation, ignition, flame spreading, and flame stabilization are important considerations in the design of gas turbine engines. It is discussed how changes in the major properties of alternative fuels will affect atomization, ignition, flame spread, and lean blowoff in gas turbine burners. It is found that it is primarily the physical properties of the fuel which influence the performance parameters. Studies have shown that ignition is strongly dependent on fuel volatility and viscosity. A graph showing the influence of atomization quality on ignition limits is presented. For all fuels considered the atomization quality is found to be markedly inferior to that of normal kerosine, indicating that problems of ignition and lean blowoff will be more severe. The correlations predict that jet fuels derived from shale oils, tar sands, and coal syncrudes will pose more serious problems of atomization than similar petroleum-based fuels.


Many different plate structures can be classified as specially orthotropic, such as cross‐ply composites, unidirectional composites and quarter‐cut wood boards. A simple method of determining the four elastic constants of a completely free, specially orthotropic plate has been developed. An improved Rayleigh expression, utilizing beam functions, is used to represent the deflection shape of the plate. A dimensionless objective function is formed from the frequency equation. The material properties are determined by minimizing the objective function with respect to modal analysis and geometry data. The technique has been successfully used on aluminum, composite and wooden plates. The ease of the method lends itself to use in NDE of composite plates and qualification of wood used in the construction of musical instruments.


Professions are usually known for their cognitive knowledge base, institutionalized training, licensing facility, work autonomy, code of ethics and social responsibility. Fortunately, "Financial Planning Advisory" fulfils most of these requirements of a profession. This new profession in the financial services sector, which is hardly forty odd years old and making a new beginning in India, has the distinct advantage of having the support and guidance of an international standard setting body, Financial Planning Standards Board (FPSB), which is striving to take care of all these requirements and endeavouring to develop financial planning advisory as a global profession. The interest for this profession is growing steadily in India because of its immense value to individuals as well as to the society. However, the operating environment for this profession in India has not yet been made conducive to growth. Both Central Government and Regulatory Bodies would have to step in to make the operating environment for this noble and vibrant profession supportive and amenable to growth.


This paper is focused to understand the practicality and projected analysis to utilize urban metro elevated stations as solar electricity power generation by utilizing the roof area in m 2 for solar panel installation to generate electricity based on renewable and sustainable energy. Mass Rapid Transit Klang Valley Line 1 of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia has been selected for this research study. Ultimately this will help to mitigate environmental issues and helps to contribute current electricity demand load challenges faced by energy service providers. Solar power works at maximum output with favorable parameters and Kuala Lumpur has an annual average of solar irradiance of 4.9 kWh/m 2 /day, ambient temperature 25.53°C, wind speed 2.24 m/s and air mass (A.M) 1.5. In addition, urban metro elevated stations roof area for stations can be utilized by installing solar panels which indirectly able to bring revenue collection to stakeholders. Some of the key challenges in this research are selection of the best solar panels, inverters and medium voltage stations including the return on investment (ROI).


Ayala-Austin, E. (2007). Validating the experiences of male Mexican American community college transfer students studying at Catholic universities (University of San Diego, Ed.D., 2007). DAI, 68 (5), 1783A. (Accession No. AAI3266733) Coffey, R. L. (2007). Perceived stress among first-year students at a private, faithbased college (Indiana State University, Ph.D., 2007). DAI, 68 (4), 1346A. (Accession No. AAI3259527) Elms, R. T. (2007). The role of religiosity in academic success: A qualitative study (Washington State University, Ed.D., 2007). DAI, 68 (5), 1869A. (Accession No. AAI3264398) England, A. (2007). An examination of the utilization of the andragogical paradigm in the Christian Education Division of New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary (New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary, Ph.D., 2007). DAI, 68 (5), 1389A. (Accession No. AAI3264714) Fenrick, D. E. (2007). Missional experiential education for developing Christian global citizens (Asbury Theological Seminary, Ph.D., 2007). DAI, 68 (6), 2385A. (Accession No. AAI3269693) Herr, R. D. (2007). Change processes in selected private institutions of higher education (Andrews University, Ph.D., 2007), DAI, 68 (4), 1249A. (Accession No. AAI3261211) Inyanwachi, E. (2007). A content analysis of church documents relative to the role of Catholic schools and universities in Nigeria in the process of inculturation (University of San Francisco, Ed.D., 2007). DAI, 68 (5), 1746A. (Accession No. AAI3265686) Kemp, S. J. (2007). Experiential learning and the role of primary social relationships as contexts for situated learning in distance education courses of evangelical theological education institutions (Loyola University Chicago, Ph.D., 2007). DAI, 68 (4), 1354A. (Accession No. AAI3261315) Little, S. W. (2007). Effect of the Christian higher education ethos on the probability of graduates being selected for termination during a reduction in workforce (Anderson University, D.B.A., 2007). DAI, 68 (4), 1354A. (Accession No. AAI3260213)


There are many animal names used as metaphors in both English and Chinese. How to decode the cultural connotation of animal names apart from their literal meaning and using corresponding techniques in translation practice is a topic worth studying.


Objective To investigate the influential factors of case-finding rate of the pulmonary tuberculosis Methods The implementing effects of tuberculosis control project of 13 provinces was analysed in the past 10 years Results The case-finding rate was first in Xinjiang,but control rate of smear positive was only sixth Though the case-finding coefficient of Shandong was the lowest, but control rate of smear positive was the fourth in 13 provinces Conclusions The important factors might be the rate of sputum examination, smear-positive and suspect examination The appraising of case-finding work using the rate of smear positive registered and the case-finding coefficient reflect mainly the amount of work,but no quality So, the best target would be the rate of control TB epidemic situation


The present invention provides organic optoelectronic devices compound, an organic light emitting diode containing the same, and relates to a display device including the organic light emitting diode, the organic optoelectronic device for compound of Formula 1. Formula 1 definition is as described herein. According to the present invention, it is possible to better the electrochemical and thermal stability, and has a life characteristic provides an organic optoelectronic device having a high luminous efficiency even at a low driving voltage. .FIELD 1


The present work has the main objective of tackling the right to prior enquiry, an inherent collective right of indigenous communities that inhabit our continent, mainly in Latin America, and to determine the reason for it ́s recognition, it ́s concept and opportunity for application, minimum requirements for it ́s configuration and connection with other collective rights. Also, this essay attempts to provide a review of the most relevant legal instruments enshrined in domestic law and International and Inter-American Human Rights System that recognize prior consultation, as well as some pronouncements by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights which impose unavoidable obligations on States that must observed when the socio-economic and cultural rights of indigenous peoples living in their territories are affected, to not incur serious international responsibility. Finally, this essay culminates with the formulation of a conclusion arisen from the analysis, which only aspires to lead a reflection.


The pulse automatic control system with a fuzzy logic-based correction of an upsetting control was developed. The method for elimination of steady-state error with adaptive factor correction of the upset is suggested. The results of synthesis are tested in MATLAB/Simulink.


Single off-gas outlet devised by one-step COREX shaft furnace will ultimately lead gas distribution to segregate,furthermore the distribution of powder on charge level is non-uniformity.DPM-CFD model was employed to simulate the pellet minus sieve powder motion in the burden distribution process,in order to quantitative description the non-uniformity distribution.The results showed that,the non-uniformity distribution is increasing with the melting rate increased.The powder segregates to the fourth quadrant where off-gas outlet lies is 2.4 or 2.5 fold of any other quadrant,while the melting rate is 130 t/h or 180 t/h.The best method to resolved the problem adds an symmetry off-gas outlet.


Banner is one of the most effective media that is used during political campaigns. Political candidates use the banner to introduces themselves to the public. Moreover, this media can convey information related to the political candidates who participate in an election. Before an election time, cities were installed with banners in every corner of the city, next to traffic lights, and several other strategic places on the side of the road, especially in Ternate. In Ternate, there are four pairs of candidates for mayors and their vices who are ready to compete for voters with the most votes. This study aims to analyse the meaning and message in the banners for the candidates for mayor of Ternate in 2020. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach; the descriptive nature of this study is to describe or describe data collected from various sources. The data in this study are in the form of slogans and designs contained in the banners for candidates for deputy and mayor of Ternate in 2020. Data collection techniques are in the form of documentation and library research. The results of this study indicate that the meanings and messages conveyed by the candidates for mayor in the 2020 elections in their banners generally offer or prioritize self-image, which is conveyed persuasively. The text used on the banners for the candidates for deputy and mayor of Ternate mostly uses the glittering generalities propaganda technique and all forms of persuasion technique.


Operations management in food supply networks is especially complex due to the variability of primary inputs and the perishability of products. In order to prevent problems in food quality and operations, early warning and proactive control systems are required. This chapter describes a method to identify causal factors for these problems employing Data Mining techniques. A product of the research will be a reusable knowledge base of important types of variables and relations. In the case study, we investigated the applicability of Data Mining by applying three Data Mining techniques in the chicken chain of a large Dutch food company. Relations discovered in this case were confirmed by experts and practice, which demonstrates that Data Mining could be used to help to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of operations management in food supply networks.


Different ratios of hollow pumpkin-like CuO/Cu2O composites are investigated and their remarkable catalytic capability for glucose and H2O2 detection are demonstrated.


Anne Sayre's 1975 biography made Franklin's many accomplishments much more widely known, and she was posthumously
 honored as a pioneering feminist as well as an excellent scientist. The president of the New York Academy of Sciences asked
 Aaron Klug to recommend Franklin for a special "woman of science" award. In this letter, Klug responded, and recommended
 that Franklin be honored for her crucial contributions, not as a "woman of science." She was never an active feminist,
 he noted, and might have found it distasteful to be celebrated as one.


A NUMBER of studies including some from our laboratory provide evidence that the uptake of amino acids by the brain in civo occurs mainly through mediated transport (for a recent review see LAJTHA, 1962). Recently evidence for similar transport was found also in the exit of amino acids from the brain (LAJTHA and TOTH, 1961). Since the cerebral levels of a compound will be determined by mechanisms of efflux as well as influx, it is of interest to establish the relationship of these fluxes in the two directions. It is of obvious theoretical and practical importance to establish the role that mechanisms of exit play in cerebral homeostasis. These studies were initiated as an attempt to find out whether or not the same transport mechanism participates in the uptake as that which participates in the efflux of amino acids in the brain. Because few direct approaches seem to be available for the living animal, a comparison of various properties of the two fluxes were chosen, the present paper being a comparison of the stereospecificity of the fluxes. It is hoped that comparison of the non-metabolizable with the natural analogue will elucidate the possible role of the metabolism of a compound in its uptake. The degree of stereospecificity in the transport of the various amino acids gives important information about the nature of the carrier, or carriers. If it can be shown in addition that the stereoisomers of a compound are specific for the same carrier or for the same transport mechanism, then the comparison of the stereospecificity of uptake with that of efflux may answer the question of whether uptake is mediated by the same or by a different mechanism than efflux.


The peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is important to adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis, and mutations in the gene have been observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The mutated residues, V290 and P467, bind to neither ligands nor a coactivator peptide in the reported crystal structures of the PPARγ ligand binding domain. To understand the mechanism of type 2 diabetes mellitus caused by germline mutations in the PPARγ ligand‐binding domain, theoretical models of the PPARγ–ligand–coactivator complex were built at an atomic resolution. In the models, the secondary coactivator peptide was docked next to the conventional coactivator peptide, which both contain the LXXLL motif. The secondary interface in PPARγ for the secondary coactivator peptide has not been demonstrated by experiments. Binding energy calculations of the complex, considering the solvent effect, revealed that the secondary coactivator peptide, derived from nuclear receptor box 1 of steroid receptor coactivator 1, can be favorably bound to the secondary interface. The secondary coactivator peptide forms hydrogen bonds and a hydrophobic core with PPARγ and the primary coactivator peptide. Next, we applied mutations to PPARγ in silico and found that the V290M mutation, observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus, adversely affected the binding of the secondary peptide. Thus, our model provides structural insight into the impairment of PPARγ function in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Proteins 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Design reviews are typically used for three types of design activities: 1) identifying errors, 2) assessing the impact of the errors, and 3) suggesting solutions for the errors. This experimental study focuses on understanding the second issue as it relates to the number of errors considered, the existence of controls, and the level of domain familiarity of the assessor. A set of design failures and associated controls developed for a completed industry sponsored project is used as the experimental design problem. Non-domain individuals (students from an undergraduate psychology class), domain generalists (first year engineering students), and domain-specialists (graduate mechanical engineering students) are provided a set of failure modes and asked to estimate the likelihood that the system would still successfully achieve the stated objectives. Primary results from the study include the following: the confidence level for all domain population decreased significantly as the number of design errors increased (largest p-value = 0.0793) and this decrease in confidence is more significant as the design errors increase. The impact on confidence is less when solutions (controls) are provided to prevent the errors (largest p-value = 0.0334), the confidence decreased faster for domain general engineers as compared to domain specialists (p = <0.0001). The domain specialists showed higher confidence in making decisions than domain generals and non-domain generalists as the design errors increase.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


Acerola is a perishable fruit with high vitamin C levels and an attractive nutrition property. The goal of the present work was to produce dehydrated acerola pulp with preserved vitamin C, selecting freeze-drying and refractance window (considered a novel and promising drying method) as suitable technologies. The final properties of dehydrated pulps using the drying technologies freeze-drying and refractance window were compared: i) water activity, ii)moisture content, iii) hygroscopicity, iv) color parameters, v) microstructure, vi) antioxidant activity, and vii) ascorbic acid stability (30 °C, 75% RH). The dried acerola pulps exhibited low moisture, water activity, and hygroscopicity regardless of the drying technology. However, the pulp dehydrated by refractance window presented significantly higher antioxidant activity than the freeze-dried pulp, with higher ABTS•+ (1,838.60 μM TE/g dehydrated pulp) and FRAP (1,290.00 μM TE/g dehydrated pulp) values. The ascorbic acid stability values were also higher for the pulp dried by the refractance window, which showed a final content of 98.03 mg/100 g dehydrated pulp after ten days of storage. The refractance window is a more appropriate technology to dehydrate acerola pulp with high vitamin C content, antioxidant activity, and ascorbic acid stability than freeze-drying.


e22081 Background: Clear understanding of the transition from non-invasive to an invasive phenotype in melanoma remains elusive. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a central pla...


This article aims at analyzing the current state of research in Environmental Education in Latin America. With emphasis on Mexico and Brazil, it also provides general descriptions of Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador and Venezuela. We present the limited research advances in this area, characterized by a slow process, with gradual institutional positioning on regional Environmental Education. The emergence of education for sustainable development, except the Colombian case, did not change this process, nor created new and more favorable conditions to boost researches into a socio-political perspective. Nevertheless, this article reports positive progress towards researches in Environmental Education. Yet, spectacular results for a short to medium term are not to be expected, unless a radical change can be brought about in the current situation, which is not currently expected.


Task-based language teaching has been a very efficient approach in language teaching since 1980's. How to design the teaching tasks scientifically is the key to apply task-based language teaching approach in teaching foreign trade correspondence. In addition, the organization and assessment of the teaching are important factors to the teaching effect.


The low-level RF (LLRF) control system is an essential component of the RF system for Taiwan Photon Source. The LLRF control system will perform various functions including control loops for the cavity gap voltage and the phase feedback, RF system interlock protection and the diagnostics for a machine trip. The LLRF system is manufactured in house using the most recent commercial RF chips. The LLRF system has an analogue architecture similar to that used in the 1.5-GeV Taiwan Light Source (TLS). An overview of the system architecture and its functionality is presented herein.


With the speeding-up development of economical globalization,the progress of world urbanization was picking up remarkably.There was great potential in these urbanized zones,for the primate cities dominated the world economy and played the function and effected of the world strategy.The multi-level world cities were coming into being.The tendency of city-developing in China was that the urbanization was quickening which meat the number and scale of cities would have a great development,and that the large cities would continue developing quickly,and many city-zones would come into being and expand steadily,and that several international cities would enter the global city network system.


The interacting entropy-corrected holographic dark energy (ECHDE), created by both logarithmic correction and power-law corrected of entropy, so-called "ECHDE" and "power-law ECHDE (PLECHDE)" respectively, with apparent horizon as an IR-Cutoff (AH-IR-Cutoff) are studied in a non-flat universe enclosed by apparent horizon. The ECHDE model with AH-IR-cutoff may be considered as a generalization of ordinary HDE, presented by Sheykhi [A. Sheykhi, Class. Quant. Grav., \textbf{27}, 025007 (2010)]. We show that in both models, the phantom divide may be crossed in a model with or without interaction. Also the effect of interaction are studied in both models. it is found that in both models, for large horizon radius, the accelerated expanding universe can be driven only by interacting case. We also show that the coincidence problem can be solved in both models. The thermodynamical description of dark energy is studied only in ECHDE model. Based on the first law of thermodynamics for dark energy sector in the noninteracting FRW universe case, we obtain the differentiation of entropy of dark energy with respect to apparent horizon radius. Also in the interacting case, where the entropy affected under a first order logarithmic correction, we obtain a relation between the interaction term and thermal fluctuation in a non-flat universe bounded by the apparent horizon. The limiting case of ordinary HDE is also computed.


The structures of the new compounds, gancaonins L, M, N, O, and P were evaluated as 8-prenylated 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyisoflavone, 8-prenylated 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone, 6-prenylated 4'-methoxyisoflavone, 6-prenylated 4'-methoxy-5,7,2'-trihydroxyisoflavone, 6-prenylated 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone, and 6-prenylated 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavonol, respectively, on the basis of spectral evidence


In this article, the artistic method of "Connective Induction" in architecture design has been introduced and analyzed with samples, so that it can enlarge the aesthetic views and lead to flourishing creation.


This report summarizes results from sampling and analysis of microplastics in leachates from a total of 11 landfills in Finland, Iceland and Norway. The study was commissioned by the Nordic Waste G ...


In recent years, the application of solar energy has been shown obvious advantages. Solar energy is being discontinuity and inhomogeneity, so energy storage technology becomes the key to the popularization and utilization of solar energy. Chemical storage is the most efficient way to store and transport solar energy. In the first and the second section of this paper, we discuss two aspects about the solar energy collector / reactor, and solar energy storage technology by hydrogen production, respectively. The third section describes the basic application of solar energy storage system, and proposes an association system by combining solar energy storage and power equipment. The fourth section briefly describes several research directions which need to be strengthened.


Skeletal muscle differentiation is a pivotal process in embryonic development as well as regeneration/repair throughout the lifespan. It is well‐known that dietary fat intake impacts biological and physiological function in skeletal muscle, however, understanding of the contribution of nutritional factors in skeletal muscle differentiation is limited. Thus, the objective of the current study is to evaluate the effects of fatty acids on skeletal muscle differentiation in vitro. Skeletal muscle differentiation is known to be regulated by Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling is inhibited by angiopoietin‐like protein 4 (ANGPTL4), a protein that is induced by free fatty acids (FFA). Therefore, the hypothesis of the current study is that FFA‐induced ANGPTL4 inhibits skeletal muscle differentiation by suppressing Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. We used C2C12 murine myoblasts and treated with various FFAs, recombinant ANGPTL4 protein, or siRNA knockdown of ANGPTL4 during cell differentiation. Among FFAs, 18:2n6 linoleic acid (LA) significantly inhibited myotube formation, showing decreased myoblast fusion. LA significantly lowered the protein expression of myogenic regulatory factors, including MyoD and MyoG and increased Pax7 during cell differentiation. We also confirmed that ANGPTL4 knockdown at day 2 and ‐6 of differentiation restored myotube formation in the presence of LA. Next, we performed an RNA‐sequencing analysis to determine which pathways were involved in the mechanism of LA‐ and ANGPTL4‐mediated inhibition of skeletal muscle differentiation at day 2 and ‐6 of differentiation. LA at day 2 and ‐6 and ANGPTL4 at day 2 downregulated Wnt/β‐catenin signaling as well as genes involved in skeletal muscle differentiation. We further found that ANGPTL4 reduced β‐catenin protein expression in nucleus, indicating that ANGPTL4 blocks β‐catenin translocation into nucleus from cytoplasm, and it was restored with ANGPTL4 knockdown. Taken together, these results demonstrate that LA‐induced ANGPTL4 inhibits skeletal muscle differentiation by suppressing Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in C2C12 myoblasts.


For centuries, humans have struggled to validate, understand and explain the phenomena of healing. Healing obviously works, sometimes, in some circumstances, for some things-but how? and why?! Various theorists have invoked undiscovered "energies," non-material spirits, God(s), and quantum or magnetic forces to explain the mechanisms underlying the indisputable reality of healers and their impact on Reality. Ordinary science has been able to disregard healing effects for years due in part to the lack of a unifying theory of mechanism. In this address, ISSSEEM President Jerry Wesch offers a personal observation of the "state of the art" of understanding the healing phenomena that we have gathered to celebrate. Looking at both the scientific data and the traditional wisdom, the discussion ranges through "what we know for sure" and where we might not be so sure at all in our pursuit of the mechanisms or Realities behind the well-documented healing phenomena. Prepare to let go of your favorite scientific and metaphysical "Magic Feathers!" This paper is based on Dr. Wesch's Presidential Address made at the Thirteenth Annual ISSSEEM Conference, Return ofthe Sacred Science: Celebrating the Mysteries of Healing Qune 19-25, 2003).


The Marxist critique of law resists leaving certain epistemological assumptions adopted by traditional legal theory. This reluctance comes from an insufficie...


An expression is obtained for the composition as a function of position of a binary alloy solidified from its melt. The simple model has uniform density, no material diffusion in the solid, and uniform temperature and concentration in the liquid. Provided that these assumptions hold, and no remelt occurs, the solid composition is independent of the mode of cooling. Only conservation of mass and the two component solid/liquid phase diagram are used. In the concentration profile obtained, only one component is present in the last increment of alloy solidified. The origin of this characteristics is discussed. An application of the analysis is made to a copper/nickel system.


ABSTRACT Sexting is a common behavior with studies reporting that 49% of adults have admitted to sending an intimate image and/or video of themselves to a romantic partner. The literature suggests that sexually explicit images are not safe with intimate partners and that sexts may be re-distributed as nonconsensual pornography, often referred to as revenge porn. Revenge porn refers to situations where a sexually explicit image and/or video of a person is electronically distributed on a media platform without the depicted individual's permission. Research indicates that 60% of individuals in a relationship have forwarded their partners' sexually explicit photograph(s). Employing a content analysis, the current study examined revenge porn statutes in the United States. The findings indicate that perpetrators are often protected through a lack of federal regulations. More specifically, the review highlights diversity in revenge pornography legislation, which may lead to issues in prosecution and remedies available to victims.


This scientific study was carried out in line with one of the current areas of linguistics – phonostylistics, a new scientific field that emerged at the intersection of phonetics and stylistics. From scientific point of view, comparative segment phonostylistics is of particular relevance. The stylistic properties of language units in Russian, Uzbek and English are manifested at all levels of the language hierarchy: phonetic, lexical, word-formation, morphological, syntactic. Language units at the phonetic level have a high stylistic potential, as in the process of language development certain changes in the pronunciation of words and phrases occur, which contribute to the emergence of variants of the pronunciation of language units or phono-variants.


Introduction The human face is composed of small functional and cosmetic units of which eyes and periocular region constitutes the main point of focus in routine human face-to-face interactions. This dynamic region plays a pivotal role in the expression of human mood, emotion and character, thus providing it the critical importance. As the human face ages, first dynamic wrinkles start appearing in this region secondary to the thinner skin and negligible subcutaneous tissue followed by static wrinkles. This wrinkling along with herniation of orbital fat pad through the orbital septum leads to oculofacial imbalance and disharmony. Hence, the periocular region has got utmost cosmetic as well as functional value making both, the middle-aged and the elderly seek a consultation. Blepharoplasty is a surgical procedure performed over eyelids which provides satisfactory and relatively long-term results for these cosmetic and functional issues. Way back in the 10 & 11 century, Arabian surgeons Ibn Rashid and Ibn Senna first described a condition of age related excessive skin folds in the upper lid and excised the skin to improve vision. In 1818, Karl Ferdinand Von Graefe (father of Albrecht von Graefe, ophthalmologist) first coined the term blepharoplasty while reporting an eyelid reconstruction. Since then, the blepharoplasty has evolved and has become the most commonly performed facial aesthetic surgery. Now-a-days, ophthalmic plastic surgeons or oculo-facial plastic surgeons are performing blepharoplasty in routine which earlier was mainly done by the general plastic surgeons. As the ophthalmologists are specifically trained surgeons for the periocular and orbital region, the depth of knowledge about anatomy and physiology (dynamicity) of surrounding tissues such as lacrimal pump and extraocular muscles, is advanced. Descriptively, blepahroplasty is a surgical procedure in which the eyelid skin, orbicularis oculi muscle and orbital fat are excised, redraped or sculpted for better cosmetic and functional results. Generally, the upper eyelid blepahroplasty (UEB) is done for both cosmetic and functional indications while the lower eyelid blepharoplasty (LEB) is commonly performed for cosmetic purposes. In this article we are going to provide an overview of UEB for a general ophthalmologist and other specialists. Why does a patient or an individual need UEB? A young or middle-aged patient mostly has a cosmetic reason (absent/ single eyelid crease). The elders specifically have more functional issues due to the loose and extra skin of upper eyelid, leading to loss of visual field and decrease in the quality of vision. The applied anatomy, indications of UEB, preoperative workup, procedure, postoperative care and complications would be briefly discussed in the following article.


This paper conceives of the Arab Spring as a leap forward that has relegated the established order to the status of a 'walking dead.' The 'old' Middle East is dead in so far as that the Arab elites hold no bargaining chip with which to consolidate a stable domestic rule. Hence they are walking dead or zombies, as they have no sense of purpose, will or chances regaining livelihood. This is because, firstly, the repressive character of Arab states has no sympathy to gain from their impoverished and powerless masses. Secondly, such oppressive practices are coincident with the IMF's austerity programs, which constitute the greatest obstacle to Arab economies' serving their key purpose: social cohesion. Unfortunately these two arguments are insufficient to support the belief that a bright new day has dawned for the regional people, the 'old' Middle East is one of the proverbial 'walking dead'.


Eighteen professionals offer their comments on Geoff Dunsford's paper on the creation of a simple superannuation model that could be used as an alternative to the existing Australian model. Dunsford responds to their queries and offers further clarifications on the proposed new model.


Two patients, an 8-year-old female and a 66-year-old male with external auditory canal cholesteatoma involving the anteroinferior bony canal wall were treated surgically. No recurrence of cholesteatoma was noted about 3 years after surgery. A modified radical mastoidectomy was performed and the cholesteatoma was removed with any adjacent dead bone under direct vision. The bony defect was filled with temporal bone fragments and covered with a homograft cartilage plate and temporal fascia.


Objective: Thromboembolism (TE) is one of the serious complications of nephrotic syndrome (NS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the haemostatic factors in children with nephrotic syndrome. Methodology: Plasma level of protein C, Protein S, fibirinogen and antithrombin III (AT III) were evaluated in thirty nephrotic children at relapse and remission period and the results were compared with those of 30 healthy children. Results: The mean age of patients was 5.38±3.07 years. Plasma level of protein S and AT III during relapse were significantly lower than their level in remission period and in control group. The mean fibrinogen level during relapse was significantly higher than its level in remission period and in control group. There was no significant difference in protein C levels at relapse with remission period and with control group. Serum albumin levels during relapse were positively correlated with AT III levels. There was no correlation between urinary protein excretion and the haemostatic factors. Conclusions: Despite reduced levels of AT III and protein S and increased levels of fibrinogen, none of our patients revealed thromboembolism. It seems that coexistence of several factors is necessary to induce TE.


In ecological effects of nuclear steam electric station operations on estuarine systems. Volume l1. The blue crab program carried out off the Calvert Cliffs site at established transect stations (Map 1) is part of a larger study conducted within the Chesapeake Bay System. Recent data have modified our concepts concerning blue crab movements and distribution. High wintering over densities of juvenile blue crabs in the Calvert Cliffs region occurred during the winter of 1969--70; however, during the winters of 1970--71 and 1971-- 72 the juveni1e population was more dispersed. Apparently low temperatures are a limiting factor in halting dispersal. During the winter of 1969--70 a late movement may have occurred from the lower Bay and the timing with low temperatures halted the movement of a large number of juveniles in the Calvert Cliffs region. Movement of juveniles from the lower Bay apparently began earlier in subsequent years and resulted in a more widespread distribution in the Bay system before low limiting temperature prevailed. Thus, the Calvent Cliffs region is not a consistent wintering over area. The region does tend to support high densities of adult blue crabs, especially during the late summer and fall periods when large numbers of femalesmore » are migrating south to the spawning grounds in the Bay mouth area. (ERB)« less


Tourism is an activity highly dependent on environmental resources. It is also a phenomenon, which in the event of lack of planning and management is likely to erode its environmental base. One of the problems often encountered in the tourism industry is lack of data and a quick update and maintenance of available data. Ineffective management of these spatial information also provide a means by which local governments loose enormous revenue which would have been used to provide the necessary infrastructure which improve the values and living standard of the people in the light of the statutory allocation. Lack of proper management of tourism potentials has made it difficult for Nigeria to be a major tourist attraction in Africa. Therefore this research was aimed at location and spatial analysis of tourism facilities in Abuja municipal area FCT Nigeria using GIS approach. This was achieved through the following objectives: acquisition of base map of study area, point picking of geometric data of tourism facilities using GPS, development of a functional spatial database on tourism facilities and performing various analysis to show the potentials of GIS in analyzing the location of tourism facilities within the study area. The software used included: ArcGIS 9.2, GeoCalc for coordinate conversion and Microsoft word 2007 amongst others. The result of database queries showed the locations of hotel accommodations, relaxation and eating spots, cinemas, banks and churches all located within Abuja municipal area. It was therefore recommended that this study be used as a spatial decision support system for decisions regarding locations of tourism facilities within Abuja municipal area amongst others.


We used printed electronics technology to print silver paste (SP) on n-GaAs as an electrode replacing conventional alloy electrodes to simplify the fabrication process of solar cell and to reduce cost. The linear transmission line model was used to characterize the performances of SP/semiconductor ohmic contact at different annealing temperatures. The lowest specific contact resistance between SP and n-GaAs of 1.8 × 10−4 Ω cm2 was achieved after annealing at 560 °C, which indicates the appropriate annealing temperature can not only ensure the close contact of silver particles, but also reduce the barrier height of metals and semiconductors to a certain extent. On the basis of these results, n-GaAs with an SP electrode can be promisingly applied to realize highly efficient and simple-manufacturing III–V solar cells.


In this paper, we use Conley index theory to develop necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of equilibrium and periodic solutions of nonlinear continuous-time, discrete-time, and impulsive dynamical systems. The Conley index is a topological generalization of Morse theory which has been developed to analyze dynamical systems using topological methods. In particular, the Conley index of an invariant set with respect to a dynamical system is defined as the relative homology of an index pair for the invariant set. The Conley index can then be used to examine the structure of the system invariant set as well as the system dynamics within the invariant set, including system stability properties. Efficient numerical algorithms using homology theory have been developed in the literature to compute the Conley index and can be used to deduce the stability properties of nonlinear dynamical systems


Clustering functional data is mostly based on the projection of the curves onto an adequate basis and building random effects models of the basis coefficients. The parameters can be fitted by an EM-algorithm. Alternatively distance based models are used in the literature. Such as in the multidimensional case, a variety of derivations of these models has been published. Although their calculation procedure is similar, their implementations are very different including distinct hyperparameters and data formats as input. This makes it difficult for the user to apply and particularly to compare them. Furthermore they are mostly limited to specific basis functions. This article aims to show the common elements between existing models in highly cited articles, first on a theoretical basis. Later their implementation is regarded and it is illustrated how common code chunks can be extracted and how the algorithms can be improved and extended to a more general level. A special consideration is given to those models including the possibility of sparse measurements. Finally they are compared on simulated datasets. An R-package is in the process of being designed, including the modified algorithms and integrated into a unique framework.


History depends on perspective, and historians of China may legitimately treat the revolutions of the twentieth century—1911, 1928, 1949, and 1966—as distinct upheavals. In this view, each revolution needs to be understood in terms of its distinct causation and development. It is equally legitimate to understand these events as a single, larger movement—a "long revolution." From this point of view, "revolution" is not limited to the actions of self-proclaimed revolutionaries but encompasses the activities of all those who contributed to fundamental structural change of the polity. In this light, the so-called reformers of 1898 and the liberals of the New Culture movement that got underway in 1915 were integral to the unfolding of the Chinese revolution, and the revolution is seen as a long process that was in many ways shaped by the rich cultural resources of the past. Furthermore, it is possible to take an even broader perspective. The twentieth century was surely an era of anti-imperialist, state-building revolutions around the world, and it is useful to examine the Chinese case in its global context. In the West, "the history of the twentieth century is almost always written as the story of a series of catastrophes," as the historian Jay Winter has noted. The twentieth century was an era of utopian planning that "wound up producing mountains of victims on a scale the world had rarely seen." Hitler and Stalin haunt the memory of the West, and if the capitalist crises of the 1990s and 2000s have dented neoliberal triumphalism, they have had little impact on the general disillusionment with revolution. Nonetheless, the promise of revolution—whether nationalist, Communist, or democratic—is less tarnished elsewhere. For the twentieth century, at least, it is not possible to speak of revolutions entirely in terms of either anonymous


Online advertising has been a great driving force for the Internet industry. To maintain a steady growth of advertising revenue, advertisement (ad) publishers have made great efforts to increase the impressions as well as the conversion rate. However, we notice that the results of these efforts are not as good as expected. In detail, to show more ads to the consumers, publishers have to waste a significant amount of server resources to process the ad requests that do not result in consumers' clicks. On the other hand, the increasing ads are also impacting the browsing experience of the consumers.In this paper, we explore the opportunity to improve publishers' overall utility by handling a selective number of requests on ad servers. Particularly, we propose a publisher-side proactive ad request filtration solution Win2. Upon receiving an ad request, Win2 estimates the probability that the consumer will click if serving it. The ad request will be served if the clicking probability is above a dynamic threshold. Otherwise, it will be filtered to reduce the publisher's resource cost and improve consumer experience. We implement Win2 in a large-scale ad serving system and the evaluation results confirm its effectiveness.


Modern techniques for the measurement of the de Haas‐van Alphen effect now allow many properties of the Fermi surface to be determined with great precision. In addition to the traditional measurements of extremal cross‐sectional areas, measurements of effective cyclotron mass, orbital g factor, and Dingle temperature have been made in palladium and platinum. From these measurements the Fermi radii, Fermi velocities, and density of states are calculated. Comparison of these data with recent band structure calculations gives estimates of the magnitude of the many‐body corrections. Such corrections include not only the effects of electron‐electron and electron‐phonon interactions but also the effects of the exchange enhancement due to short‐lived spin fluctuations.


Zircaloy-2 and -3 are now most widely used for canning material of fuel elements as well as for structural material for various types of reactors. Therefore, study has been made to the establish the melting and fabrication technique of these alloys in this country and their properties has also been exammined. Using a newly designed and constructed vacuum arc melting furnace for the melting of zirconium alloys, ingots of Zircaloy-2 and -3 have been successfully produced by consumable electrode double arc melting method and sheets, bars, pipes and wires have been fabricated through hot and cold working such as forging, rolling, extrusion and drawing. On the other hand, method of spectrochemical analysis of alloying elements and hafnium in those alloys has also been developed. Beside this, various properties of the zirconium products; such as tensile properties, creep rupture properties, corrosion properties and so on have been studied. It is proved from these tests that the properties of thus made zirconium alloys is quite satisfactorily compared with that of foreign made alloys, which has given fundamental informations to produce zirconium alloys for reactor applications in an industrial scale in this country.


Facial fractures are common injuries that frequently necessitate plastic surgery intervention, and motor vehicle accidents are among the most common etiologies of facial fractures. Current passenger restraint devices have consistently proven to decrease the rates of facial fractures in MVCs, but improvements should be pursued to further reduce fracture rates and the severity of maxillofacial injuries sustained in these accidents. Innovations in plate fixation systems, imaging technology, and virtual surgical planning contribute to the dynamic landscape of facial fracture management. Well-designed prospective and controlled studies of these technologies are necessary in order to establish rigorous, evidence-based guidelines.


An 84-year-old man presented for treatment of a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the sternal notch (Figure 1A). He had extensive actinic damage, and several other nonmelanoma skin cancers removed in the past. The SCChad been present for severalmonths at the time of Mohs micrographic surgery and measured 1.0 · 0.8 cm. Mohs micrographic surgery was performed, and the tumorwas removed resulting in a defectmeasuring 4.2 · 3.5 cm extending down to the subcutaneous fat (Figure 1B). How would you reconstruct this defect?


The management education pay more attention to cultivate business administration students' creative ability,which has been the hot topic in society.Based on the survey of the schoolfellows of Huaqiao University,analysis is done upon what kind of talents is needed,what training model should be adopted,and how creative talents could be cultivated.It is concluded that the utility-type talents training is very important for management majors in general colleges so some proposals are given here in the paper.


Many physicians fail to review or update their informed consent forms to ensure they comply with state laws, standards of practice, and specific regulations.


NEW STEROID 11 BETA SUBSTITUTED, of general formula (I) wherein a and b, Z, R1, R2 and R3 have the meaning DESCRIBED detailed in the invention. The new compounds have valuable pharmacological properties.


Approximately half of late-stage melanoma patients develop brain metastases (BM), once metastasized to the brain, survival is generally measured in months. Current treatments, although increasingly effective, are not sufficient for this patient group, necessitating development of new therapeutic options. Drugs targeting BM specifically are a scarcity. To broaden therapeutic options, drug repurposing, i.e. novel uses of drugs already approved for other medical conditions, may prove to be a valuable asset. By design, antipsychotics effectively cross an intact blood-brain barrier. Interestingly, although carrying an increased burden of comorbidity, the schizophrenic population has a similar incidence of cancer when compared to the normal population. Hypotheses regarding the antitumor effect of antipsychotics have therefore been postulated along with several other theories that seek to explain these seemingly contradictory incidence rates. We currently present preliminary data showing that clozapine, a second-generation antipsychotic, effectively inhibits growth of human melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) cell lines in vitro. Objective: To explore the potential of antipsychotics in treating MBM.

 Cell cultures including H1, H2, H3 MBM cell lines, as well as normal human astrocytes (NHA) were selected for our experiments. Monolayer, 3D, and IncuCyte viability experiments were performed to determine IC50 doses. FBRO, fetal rat brain organoids were used to study clozapine's effect on the normal brain environment. Cell migration was measured by scratch wound assays. Apoptosis was studied by flow cytometry. Colony formation assays were performed using 2D clonogenic assays. A protein array was used to find signaling proteins potentially affected by clozapine, which where verified by western blots.

 A viability screening using 6 different neuroleptics showed that clozapine was most effective in inhibiting MBM cell viability, with a favorable therapeutic window to astrocytes. Doses significantly above MBM IC50 doses did not affect viability of brain organoids. MBM cells exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and clonogenic formation. Flow cytometry demonstrated that apoptosis was a major mechanism of cytotoxicity. The protein array showed that CCL3, IL8 and VEGF were downstream targets of clozapine. These results were confirmed by western blots. A partnership with the Dept. of Chemistry (UiB) has resulted in the development and testing of several novel clozapine derivates to reduce therapeutic doses and hopefully minimize potential side effects.

 Clozapine shows proof of concept in treating BM with antipsychotics and should be explored further as an adjuvant treatment for melanoma patients at risk of developing brain metastasis.


The paper discusses the process initiated by the Central Ohio Transit Authority (COTA) to develop a light rail transit (LRT) system to connect the city of Columbus Central Business District along a 13-mile corridor to Polaris, one of the fastest growing commercial and residential areas in central Ohio. The project was looking to: increase the efficiency of freight operations; reduce grade crossing accidents and blocked crossings; enhance opportunities for rail passenger service within the region; encourage economic development in central Ohio; and reduce vehicular traffic congestion.


The statement has been made that "the students now entering Engineering Technology have spent the last 15 18 years with interactive video, educational rock, and VCRs." Anecdotal experience indicates that they have spent considerably less time with erector sets, with lawn mower engines, with the use of tools, and the exploration of the fundamentals of mechanical and electrical structures. This statement would suggest that we, as evaluators and educators, would need to change our approach to teaching Engineering Technology in order to gear our programs to that of our customer's experiences and expectations. But do we need to do this? Although the buzzwords today are on computer simulations, virtual reality, etc., I do not feel that the needs of the "real world" have changed. There is still a need to be able to have that "hands-on" experience that only an Engineering Technologist has and can bring to the work force. To this end, laboratory experiments should be laid out in such a manner as to duplicate a "real world" situation. These experiments should be designed so as to build on the previous experiment, just as classroom lectures build on one another, and arrive at a "real world" application. This way, students will gain experience in seeing how a complicated design is built up of many simple circuits. A set of laboratory courses, which are presently used in the Electrical Engineering Technology program at the Purdue University School of Technology site at Columbus, will be presented to show how this has been achieved.


The control rate of hypertension is still low despite the development of anti-hypertension drugs. There are many misunderstandings in the therapy of hypertension, from both patients and physicians. The commen consensus is that the benefit of hypertension therapy is mainly derived from the lowering of blood pressure. So it is very important to reduce blood pressure effectively and permanently. The key point is to select drugs with minimal side effects and better efficacy according to the patient's age, baseline blood pressure and associated clinical status, and to improve the compliance of therapy.


Objective To study the pharmacokinetic properties of anthraquinone components in plasma of rats after intragastric usage(ig) of Da Chengqi Decoction.Methods SD rats were given a single ig dose of Da Chengqi Decoction 9g·kg-1.The plasma of rats were collected,and the plasma concentrations of anthraquinone components of aloe-emodin,rhein,emodin,chrysophanol and physcion in the rats were measured with HPLC.Pharmacokinetics parameters from the plasma concentration-time data were analyzed with the 3p87 software package.Results After ig Da Chengqi Decoction,aloe-emodin,rhein,emodin,chrysophanol and physcion were detectable in plasma:T1 / 2(Ka) was 0.362,1.034,1.918,1.89,0.656 h,resepectivley;T1 / 2(Ke) was 0.311,1.173,2.33,2.188,0.81 h,respectively;Cmax was 48.47,21.69,10.49,5.76,38.76 mg/L,respectively;Tmax was 4,4,6,4,2,respectively;AUC0-t was 85.733,66.726,65.911,41.84,96.401 mg·L-1·h-1,respectively.Conclusion The method for determinination of aloe-emodin,rhein,emodin,chrysophanol and physcion in rats plasma has been established,and the pharmacokinetic parameters will supply experimental data for pharmacokinetics of Da Chengqi Decoction.


The study area is in southwest Guangxi karst area.The lead-zinc ore is low temperature hydrothermal filling deposit that has mined over 50 years.The major strata include the upper Cambrian,the Devonian,the lower Cretaceous and the Quaternary systems.The shallow karst develops strongly but the deep karst weak in the mining and the surrounding areas,with obvious stratified development of caverns.The karst depression collecting the lead-zinc mine wastewater is land for farm.In order to find the quality of soil environmental and evaluate potential ecological risk of heavy metal pollution in the soil,the contents of cadmium,copper,lead,zinc,chromium,arsenic and mercury in the soil are investigated and analyzed by means of single pollution index,comprehensive pollution index and Hakanson potential ecological index.The results show that pollution index of cadmium,zinc,mercury,lead are greater than 1,and cadmium pollution index has reached 88.4,followed by zinc and mercury,lead the minimum.All of the soils,0-30cm layer(A),30-60cm layer(B)and 60-90cm layer(C),have been polluted by heavy metals with the degree of as layer(A)layer(B)layer(C).The comprehensive pollution index of layer(A),layer(B)and layer(C)is 67.0,11.9 and 8.8 respectively.Potential ecological risk index of heavy metal pollution in layer(A),layer(B),layer(C)is 2 921.0,543.4 and 421.2respectively.Potential ecological risk degree is very strong,strong,strong level.It follows that the soil in karst depression is polluted by cadmium,zinc,mercury,lead strongly,which is of high ecological risks.So it is suggested that inedible industrial crops should be produced and edible plants should be forbidden growing before the heavy metals in the soil being cleared away.


Clinical characteristics EZH2-related overgrowth includes EZH2-related Weaver syndrome at one end of the spectrum and tall stature at the other. Although most individuals diagnosed with a heterozygous EZH2 pathogenic variant have been identified because of a clinical suspicion of Weaver syndrome, a minority have been identified through molecular genetic testing of family members of probands or individuals with overgrowth who did not have a clinical diagnosis of Weaver syndrome. Thus, the extent of the phenotypic spectrum associated with a heterozygous EZH2 pathogenic variant is not yet known. Weaver syndrome is characterized by tall stature, variable intellect (ranging from normal intellect to severe intellectual disability), characteristic facial appearance, and a range of associated clinical features including advanced bone age, poor coordination, soft doughy skin, camptodactyly of the fingers and/or toes, umbilical hernia, abnormal tone, and hoarse low cry in infancy. Brain MRI has identified abnormalities in a few individuals with EZH2-related overgrowth. Neuroblastoma occurs at a slightly increased frequency in individuals with a heterozygous EZH2 pathogenic variant but data are insufficient to determine absolute risk. There is currently no evidence that additional malignancies (including hematologic malignancies) occur with increased frequency. Diagnosis/testing The diagnosis of EZH2-related overgrowth is based on detection of a heterozygous germline EZH2 pathogenic variant on molecular genetic testing. Management Treatment of manifestations: For individuals with developmental delay and/or learning disability, referral for learning/behavior/speech assessment and support may be indicated. Occasionally, toe camptodactyly may require surgical release. Physiotherapy may be of benefit to those experiencing joint pain secondary to ligamentous laxity or joint contractures. Treatment of scoliosis is routine. The appropriate specialist referral(s) should be made for other clinical issues. Surveillance: Regular medical follow up of young children with EZH2-related Weaver syndrome to monitor developmental progress, camptodactyly (for resolution/improvement), and/or hypotonia; medical follow up of older children/teenagers who do not have medical complications may be less frequent. If scoliosis is present, monitoring as per the recommendations of an orthopedist. Although current data do not support specific tumor surveillance programs, clinicians should have a low threshold for investigating any findings that may be tumor (particularly neuroblastoma) related. Pregnancy management: Families and their health care providers should be aware that an affected baby may be large so that appropriate delivery plans can be made. Genetic counseling EZH2-related overgrowth is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner; however, many germline pathogenic EZH2 variants arise de novo. Each child of an individual with an EZH2 pathogenic variant has a 50% chance of inheriting the pathogenic variant; the severity of the phenotype in an individual inheriting the EZH2 pathogenic variant cannot be predicted. If the pathogenic variant has been identified in an affected family member, prenatal diagnosis for a pregnancy at increased risk and preimplantation genetic diagnosis are possible.


Two phenomena can produce chattering: switching of input control signal and the large amplitude of this switching (switching gain). To remove the switching of input control signal, dynamic sliding mode control (DSMC) is used. In DSMC switching is removed due to the integrator which is placed before the plant. However, in DSMC the augmented system (system plus the integrator) is one dimension bigger than the actual system and then, the plant model should be completely known. To overcome on this difficulty, a fuzzy system is employed to identify the unknown nonlinear function of the plant model and then, a robust adaptive law is developed to train the parameters of this fuzzy system. The other problem is that the switching gain may be chosen unnecessary large to cope on the unknown uncertainty. To solve this problem, another fuzzy system is proposed which does not need the upper bound of the uncertainty. Moreover, to have a suitable small enough switching gain an adaptive procedure is applied to increase and decrease the switching gain according to the system circumstances. Then, chattering is removed using the DSMC with a small adaptive switching gain (ASG). As a case study, nonlinear chaotic Duffing-Holmes system is selected.


When I was intentionally pregnant, I experienced a complex reproductive decision: whether to undergo prenatal testing. Our cultural expectation is that pregnant women have prenatal testing performed so that they can make the choice to terminate pregnancies with "defects." Down syndrome is a condition for which much prenatal screening and testing are done, and up to 90 percent of fetuses identified as having Down syndrome are terminated. I didn't want to be faced with that choice, and so I did not have an amniocentesis. I am now the happy parent of a daughter with Down syndrome. I shared this experience in a March 2012 article on the Motherlode blog on the New York Times website. The New York Times is aimed at a thoughtful audience, many of whom identify as liberal. Given this readership, it wasn't surprising that many of the more than 170 online comments made about the article accepted abortion as an available option. What did surprise me is the eugenicist use to which many of these readers would put abortion. They offered the choice of abortion as a way to avoid what they saw as an unacceptable situation, having a child with a disability. Here are several of the comments:


We propose a new method of measuring halo occupation distribution (HOD) together with cosmic growth rate using multipole components of galaxy power spectrum P_l(k). The nonlinear redshift-space distortion due to the random motion of satellite galaxies, i.e., Fingers-of-God, generates high-l multipole anisotropy in galaxy clustering such as the hexadecapole (l=4) and tetra-hexadecapole (l=6), which are sensitive to the fraction and the velocity dispersion of satellite galaxies. Using simulated samples following the HOD of Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs), we find that the input HOD parameters are successfully reproduced from P_l(k) and that high-l multipole information help to break the degeneracy among HOD parameters. We also show that the measurements of the cosmic growth rate as well as the satellite fraction and velocity dispersions are significantly improved by adding the small-scale information of high-l multipoles.


According to recent studies applying Resource-Based Theory [RBT] to entrepreneurial firms (e.g. Chandler & Hanks, 1994; Brush & Greene, 1996), in the early stages of new venture development it is the identification and acquisition of resources—rather than deployment or allocation activities—that is crucial for the firm's long-term success (Stevenson & Gumpert, 1985). This study explores that relationship longitudinally, tracking salient resources in three rapidly growing new ventures, and analyzing how these resources change over time. Our findings identify the most common types of salient resources, the primary types of changes in resource and resource bundles, and a pattern linking the type of change with short-term performance results in each firm.


In a display with an electro-optical display (1) is provided that in front of the display (1) a diaphragm (2) is arranged which the display (1) partially covered, and so the diaphragm (2) First, the display (1) covering has a range that the covered region of the display (1) illuminates the diaphragm (2), that parts (2a, 2b, 2d, 2f, 2g) of the cover (2) are translucent configured.


PERCEPTION OF KANIZSA SUBJECTIVE CONTOUR REQUIRES ATTENTION SEPTEMBER 2005 XINGSHAN LI, B.S., UNIVERSITY OF ELECTRONIC SCIENCE AND TECHOLOGY OF CHINA M.S., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Kyle Cave We used visual search to explore whether attention is required to perceive Kanizsa-type subjective contour. Unlike previous experiments, we compared search performance with subjective contours against performance with real contours. In the subjective contour condition, both target and distracters were created with subjective contours, and the task was to detect a target defined by orientation or shape. Results showed that visual search was fairly efficient among shapes defined by real contours, but was much less efficient among shapes defined by subjective contours. We conclude that perception of Kanizsa-type subjective contours cannot be performed in parallel and requires attention.


The thermostability of the inulinase was studied in this research. It had a better thermostability under 60. At a normal temperature, it was stable in pH value range of 3.58.5. Under a pH value of 4.5 and a temperature of 65, it was comparatively stable; while under pH values above and below 4.5, it lost most of its activity irrevocably. The metal ions Cu~(2+), Fe~(3+) were inhibitor of inulinase while Ca~(2+), K~+, Mg~(2+), Mn~(2+), Fe~(2+), Ba~(2+), Pb~(2+) were activators. It contained no metal ions that could be chelated by EDTA and influence the enzyme activity. The mercaptoethanol had an obvious protective effect on the enzyme activity. Some alcoholic materials and thickening agent could enhance the thermostablility of the inulinase.


Sustainable design of public stormwater infrastructure requires consideration of economic, environmental, social, and in particular, public safety factors. Complications can arise when attempts to address each of these factors result in conflicting design features. This exemplifies the difficulties often faced by engineers in attempting to produce a truly sustainable design, let alone one that is compliant with all statutory guidelines. The trapezoidal, concrete-lined drain at Charles Darwin University (CDU), typifies these challenges. Various desktop, on-site studies and simulations were undertaken to model the catchment hydrology, and hydraulic characteristics of the existing stormwater drain at CDU. Results indicate that the existing drainage structure has adequate capacity to convey the 63.2% and 1% AEP storm event without overtopping. However, moderate overbank flooding is expected when these storm events occur in conjunction with peak tidal influence from Rapid Creek. For all combinations of storm and tidal events, the stormwater flows are contained within the drainage reserve at CDU. Alternative, sustainable drainage designs, and their associated physical economic, social and ecological considerations, were also investigated. The United States Army Corps of Engineers HEC-RAS model was used to assess these alternatives, and provided an indication of their likely hydraulic performance. The viability of these alternatives was also assessed against a number of factors including; public health and safety, amenity, functional use, ecological impacts, flooding immunity, future community requirements and overall cost of implementation. Results of the analysis indicate that works directed towards reducing stormwater runoff, nutrients, and gross pollutants from the upstream catchment, would provide the most cost-effective and overall, sustainable design solution on-site.