ABSTRACT.- Vargas M.I., Patarroyo J.H., Hernandez M., Peconick A.P., Patarroyo A.M., Ta-fur G.A., Araujo L.S. & Valente F. 2014. Babesia bovis : expression of adhesion molecules in bovine umbilical endothelial cells stimulated with plasma from infected cattle. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira 34(10):937-941. Laboratorio de Biologia e Controle de He-matozoarios e Vetores, Departamento de Veterinaria, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada a Agropecuaria, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Campus Universitario, Vicosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil. E- mail: firstname.lastname@example.com male, 12-month-old Jersey with intact spleens, serologically and parasitologically free from Babesia were housed individually in an arthropod-free isolation system from bir -th and throughout entire experiment. The animals were randomly divided into two groups. Five animals (group A) were intravenously inoculated with 6.6 X10 7 red blood cells para-sitized with pathogenic sample of Babesia bovis (passage 7 BboUFV-1), for the subsequent "ex vivo" determination of the expression of adhesion molecules. Five non-inoculated ani-mals (group B) were used as the negative control. The expression of the adhesion mole-cules ICAM-1, VCAM, PECAM-1 E-selectin and thrombospondin (TSP) was measured in bovine umbilical vein endothelial cells (BUVECs). The endothelial cells stimulated with a pool of plasma from animals infected with the BboUFV-1 7


This paper makes an empirical analysis of the role of student loan by commercial banks in financing the estimated budgetary subsidy to general collegiate education by Government and Private Aided colleges in Karnataka State (India). A major estimation result shows that the maximum total fee collectable, as a percentage of total estimated subsidy, is equal to 4.22 (or 4.74) percent in Government (or Private Aided) Colleges in 2000-01. Consequently, student fee revision, as a single instrument for total reduction of the budgetary subsidy is found to be inappropriate, even if it is entirely financed by student loan. The policy framework for analysis of linkage between student loan and regional fiscal policy in this paper is of special relevance for other states within India as well as for other developing countries, where the regional governments face the problem of reducing budgetary support to higher education through student loan scheme. In addition, the description of Indian model of student loan is useful for comparative studies in international education.


In the paper,we introduced a method of serial port communication between microcomputer and MCS-51 single-chip computer in Industry's distributed control system


In order to evaluate the quality of sorghum silages, six genotypes of this crop were cultivated and ensiled at three different times of harvesting. The genotypes evaluated were BR 601, BR 303, BR 304, AG 2006, BR 700 and BRS 701. The sorghum hybrids were ensiled in laboratory silos made of PVC tubes. Eighteen treatments, six hybrids in three different times of harvesting, with four repetitions were analysed in a totally randomized design. The original material was analysed for dry matter. At the opening of the silos, pH and ammonia nitrogen were determined and the silages were analysed for dry matter, crude protein and fibrous fractions. In all treatments, differences between the dry matter content in periods 1 and 2 and periods 1 and 3 were observed. Differences between hybrids (P<0.05) for dry matter content in the same period were also found. The lowest value was BR 601, period 1 (20.8%), and the highest was BR 304, period 3 (49.1%). The pH values achieved were between 3.6 and 3.9. Significant differences (P<0.05) between treatments and periods of harvesting were observed. In all treatments, the silages presented good fermentation patterns based on ammonia nitrogen content. The BR 601 showed the lowest value of crude protein (5.6%) and the highest value was shown by BR 304 (8.4%). In all hybrids the silages showed good fermentation patterns and were considered of good quality. The fibrous fraction content did not change with the age of the plant. All hybrids must be ensiled at the early-dough stage, except for BR 601 that must be ensiled at the late-dough stage.


BACKGROUND
Abiraterone and enzalutamide are the most common oral agents for the treatment of men with advanced prostate cancer. To understand their safety profiles in real-world settings, we examined the association between the use of abiraterone or enzalutamide and the risk of metabolic or cardiovascular adverse events while on treatment.

METHODS
Men with advanced prostate cancer and their use of abiraterone or enzalutamide were identified in a 20% sample of the 2010-2017 national Medicare claims. The primary composite outcome was the occurrence of a major metabolic or cardiovascular adverse event, defined as an emergency room visit or hospitalization associated with a primary diagnosis of diabetes, hypertension, or cardiovascular disease. The secondary composite outcome was the occurrence of a minor metabolic or cardiovascular adverse event, defined as an outpatient visit associated with a primary diagnosis of the aforementioned conditions. Risks were assessed separately for abiraterone and enzalutamide using Cox regression. All statistical tests were 2-sided.

RESULTS
Compared to men not receiving abiraterone, men receiving abiraterone were at increased risk of both a major composite adverse event (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.53-2.05, P<0.001) and a minor composite adverse event (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.05-1.47, P=0.01). Compared to men not receiving enzalutamide, men receiving enzalutamide were at an increased risk of a major composite adverse event (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.01-1.48, P=0.04) but not a minor composite adverse event (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.83-1.30, P=0.75).

CONCLUSION
Careful monitoring and management of men on abiraterone or enzalutamide through team-based approaches are critical.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the analgesic efficacy of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) mouth rinse with control for post-tonsillectomy pain management.

DESIGN
Double-blinded, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Thirty-seven patients from 5 to 14 years old undergoing electrocautery tonsillectomy were randomized to either the H2O2 mouth rinse or the water rinse (control) group. For 14 days, patients recorded pain levels twice daily using a visual analogue scale. Analgesic uses, as well as any complications, were also noted by the patients.

RESULTS
Thirty-seven patients completed the study, 21 in the treatment group and 16 in the control group. Mean postoperative days of pain were 10.3 and 8.3, respectively, and differed significantly (p = .008). Mean postoperative days of analgesic use were 9.0 and 6.7, respectively, and differed significantly (p = .005). Only one incidence of postoperative hemorrhage occurred in the study group.

CONCLUSION
In our study, the H2O2 mouth rinse does not provide a better analgesic effect than the water rinse for post-tonsillectomy pain relief.


In this paper we introduce the general form of generating func- tions. By using the generating function we obtain the terms of dierent polynomials. Also we calculate the n-th term an of the polynomial.


Summary Treatment of rat kidney cortex slices with phospholipase C at high concentrations leads to increased total tissue water, inulin space, reduced a-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) uptake as well as increased efflux. These observations are concluded to represent alterations in permeability characteristics of the slices. Treatment with doses of phospholipase C that cause no alteration in distribution of water or sodium is associated with reduction in potassium content of slices and reduction in AIB accumulation which is not associated with altered efflux. The relationships of the role of phospholipids to renal tubule transport systems for monovalent cations and amino acids are discussed.


In a continuing collaboration between our laboratory, the UWRF Tissue and Cellular Innovation Center, and BRTI Lifesciences, LLC we have been evaluating the application of a commercial hydrogel as a matrix for the development and study of several artificial tumor tissues. Here we report on the application of uGel™, a recently developed chitosan/hyaluronate precast matrix to generate 3D melanoma artificial tissues. In this work, we coupled uGel™ matrix with mouse melanoma cell lines B16F10 and B16F1 to generate and study 3D tumor tissues in‐vitro. As we have previously reported with another earlier and related hydrogel, Cell‐Mate™, both of these cells lines successfully produced extensive and long‐lived tumor tissues. In addition, in this series of studies with uGel™ it was possible to model not just the end stages of tumor progression and metastasis, but also the early stages of tumor establishment and local invasion of the matrix in patterns which clearly reflect early tumor development in vivo. As we had seen before, the final stages of tumor development in melanoma includes the generation of two distinct populations of cells, one pigmented and one not. Additionally these two populations also correlate tightly with differential patterns of tissue formation ranging from highly branched and pigmented to completely rounded, smooth and lacking virtually any pigment. Although the branching features are clearly associated with local invasion, our work suggests that the pale, rounded features may actually represent the metastatic stage for these tumors. Interestingly, uGel™ based melanoma developed and progressed to full‐blown tumor masses within a three week period while in our earlier work with Cell‐Mate™ constructs fully developed tumors required from 2–3 months of long‐term culture to reach the same stage. Although the two materials are biochemically identical, they do differ in mechanical properties at the time of loading which may play a role in the significant differences observed in terms of developmental timeline. This study further support our view that small‐scale and long‐term 3D artificial tissues are an effective tool to better understand the biology of cancer and to study it's progression in‐vitro.


An inkjet printer performs a print process by ejecting ink for each of a plurality of ink colors. When a predetermined first circulation time elapses after starting the ink circulation, an inkagitating operation drive signal generation unit applies an inkagitating operation drive signal to an ink ejecting unit set operable to eject an ink, which has a predetermined nature, for a firstinkagitating operation time in a first period, and applies the inkagitating operation drive signal to an ink ejecting unit set operable to eject an ink, which has not the predetermined nature, for a second ink agitating operation time in a second period which is shorter than the first period. It is therefore possible to perform maintenance effectively in advance of starting the print process in accordance with the nature of ink.


Cytokine profiles during infliximab monotherapy in psoriatic arthritis Biological therapies are a new breakthrough in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Among these TNF-alpha antagonists, such as infliximab, are the most promising as TNF is considered to be essential in driving cytokine cascade at sites of cutaneous and synovial inflammation in this disease. Monitoring cytokine levels during therapy can be useful to assess response to treatment, define treatment protocols and prevent disease recurrences. In this study, Mastroianni et al have found that reduction of TNF alpha levels occurs later than clinical response as detected by PASI. On the contrary, other proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors such as VEGF and FGF are significantly correlated with PASI in early phases of treatment. Mastroianni A, Minutilli E, Mussi A et al. Cytokine profiles during infliximab monotherapy in psoriatic arthritis. Br J Dermatol 2005; 153: 531–536.


A novel method for the generation of uniquely functionalized piperazinones by utilizing post-Ugi functionalization has been described. The method involves an Ugi reaction with aminoacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal, followed by acid-mediated cyclization to generate the iminium precursor that was subjected to nucleophilic addition in diastereoselective manner. The method was also employed to synthesize trans-dragmacidine C and praziquantel like molecules.


Introduction. Icebreakers for Staff Meetings. Icebreakers for Sales Meetings. Icebreakers for Complete Strangers. Icebreakers for Groups of 20 or More. Icebreakers for Team Building. Icebreakers for Pure Fun. Icebreakers for Introducing a Topic. Icebreakers for Outdoors. Icebreakers for Self-Disclosure. Icebreakers for Stuffy, Conservative Types Who Hate Icebreakers. Icebreakers While Waiting to Start. Icebreakers for Everyday Living. Icebreakers for the Super Intelligent.


The class of description formulas is not rigorously determined in Principia Mathematical And the syntax of 1-formulas therein countenanced ill-suits their semantics. Correctives for both defects (if the second condition be a defect) are presented below. First, rules for the language of a base theory 9 along with relevant ancillary definitions are set out. Next, these rules are augmented in order to secure the generation of Ί-formulas, and ancillary definitions are amended. Then, a simpler notation is introduced. Next, a theory </? is explained the language of which embraces both notations, and it is shown how they are interchangeable and how the new could indeed be employed as a scaffolding for the introduction of the old. Last, comments are made regarding the semantic misleadingness of the classical notation, and regarding a well-known property of this notation, viz., the term-like behaviour of 'proper' 1-descriptions, that mitigates this misleadingness. These comments are facilitated by the presence in the base theory, and thus in its extension ?̂, of 'Fregean' descriptions that are genuine terms.


PURPOSE: An evaluation method of high or low permeability of a fractured rock aquifer using a well head loss term from a step drawdown test is provided to identify a primary aquifer section in wells and compare the status of a high or low permeability section. CONSTITUTION: An evaluation method of high or low permeability comprises the steps of: obtaining drawdown depending on the elapsed time of a pumping rate by stages through the step drawdown test of a pumping well (S10); obtaining an optimal aquifer well head loss coefficient (B), an optimal well head loss coefficient (C), and an optimal well head loss exponent (P) from the obtained drawdown (S30); and identifying the relation between the C and P of a well head loss from the drawdown equation of a step drawdown test, dividing a linear flow section and a turbulent flow section, and estimating an adiabatic permeability flow (S40). [Reference numerals] (AA) Stepwise drawdown test; (BB) High-permeability flow; (CC) Low-permeability flow; (DD) Very high-permeability flow; (S10) Measure the drawdown levels depending increases of a pumping rate by stages; (S20) Obtain optimal well coefficients (B, C, and P) by applying the equation of S_W = BQ + CQ^P using the method of least squares; (S30) Determine the optimal well coefficients (B, C, and P) from the equation of S_W = BQ + CQ^P; (S40) Estimating an high/low adiabatic permeability flow using the relation between C and P in a well loss coefficient CQ^P


The development of the clitic pronoun in the Romance languages has been the topic of uncountable studies since Diez f irst treated the subject in his 1844 Grammatik der romanischen Sprachen. The fact that studies have continued to appear since this first treatment in the form of doctoral dissertations, Conference papers, articles such äs the present, and comprehensive book-length treatments like Wanner's 1987 The Development of Romance Clitic Pronouns indicates that a definitive understanding of certain aspects of the clitic pronoun remains to be reached. One such aspect lacking a good understanding and explanation äs regards the clitic pronoun of Spanish, surprisingly, is the completion of its development to the present state, i.e., that of a grammaticalized, morphologically bound verbal flexion. Because of the different procedures employed in the analysis of the clitic and the resultant differences in the understanding of what the nature of the clitic pronoun is (and was), the development of the clitic has been seen äs complete äs early äs 300 B.C. to 400 A.D., and äs late äs post 1450. A precise means of pin-pointing the completion of the clitic pronoun's development has yet to be employed. The present study is an attempt to determine, relatively speaking, when the clitic pronoun of Spanish reached its present state of development. I shall proceed by analyzing historically three syntactic phenomena concerning the pronominal System in general: 1) Interpolation, 2) Word order, and 3) Pronominal duplication. I shall demonstrate how the contemporaneous completion of these three syntactic phenomena af f ords us with strong evidence to date the grammaticalization of the clitic at this time. It will be seen that the date is much later than previously supposed. However, before outlining my hypothesis in detail, a discussion of what is and was thought to be the nature of the clitic pronoun is in order.


The infrared spectroscopy is an important analytical technique in perfume industry. Polarimetry is used consistently in quality control within the pharmaceutical industry, nevertheless, the systematic evaluation of origin specific enantiomers has proved to be a valuable criterion for differentiation natural aroma from those of synthetic origin .In this study, the optical activity and the infrared spectrum of some perfume oil mixtures is obtained, the functional groups, the principal chemicals in the studied products are determined and their side effects on humans health are clarified.


A tunable narrow-linewidth photonic millimeter-wave generation scheme is demonstrated by using a mode-locked laser diode with optical feedback. Photonic mode beating signal tunable from 42GHz to 293GHz with a linewidth of several kHz is obtained. © 2019 The Author(s)


The solubilization of oil soluble azo dyes by anionic-nonionic mixed surfactants was studied by spectrophotometric methods : these systems are sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) -alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers (CmPOEn; m=12, 14, 16, and 18, n=10, 20, 30, and 40). The limit of solubilization and solubilizing power by pure CmPOEn solutions were exceeded those by pure SDS solution. The influence on the limit of solubilization and solubilizing power was due to greater difference in hydrophobic groups in nonionic surfactants than in hydrophilic groups. When the two surfactants were mixed, the limit of solubilization increased with alkyl chain length in the nonionic surfactant. With increasing oxyethylene groups in the chain, however, the solubilization remained essentially constant. The amount of increase was larger in the system in which two kinds of rich-micelles exist than in a system of mixed micelles. The presence of the oil soluble azo dye resulted in the formation of a mixed micelle.


Introduction 226 Ecological importance 226 Response to pollution 226 Use of bioassays with algae 227 History of algal bioassays 229 Bioassays with cultured algae 229 Bioassays with natural phytoplankton 232 Growth and physiology of algae 236 Basic growth kinetics and limiting nutrients 236 Light 239 Temperature 240 Carbon dioxide and pH changes 240 Cultivation methods 242 Batch cultures 242 Continuous cultures 244 Biomass measurements 245 Current test methods used in eutrophication studies 246 Algal growth potential tests 246 Physiological indicator assays 247 Current algal toxicity test methods 248 Growth inhibition tests 248 14C assimilation tests 252 Alternative endpoints 253 Continuous culture studies 254 Statistical evaluation of concentration-response curves 254 Test species and test batteries 256 Pure cultures vs. mixed communities 258 Test media 259


The  article considers impacts of changes in structure of crop  area  on yield  change in the  context of fruitful and  unfruitful years,  difference between these indices  is analyzed; conversion of Durbin-Watts criterion for comparison of their values  with  correlation coefficient of the  first  order in relation to their time-to-time variability at characteristic of interrelation between chain  absolute yield  increment is offered; variant of expansion of correlation coefficient,  characterizing interrelations between  chain absolute  yield increment between  regions, by separate components related  to trend and weather  fluctuations, is offered; simultaneity  in yield fluctuations in relation  to weather  conditions  and dynamics of the most unfruitful  years are analyzed; relationship between  yield and net cost is examined. tations  are discussed.


This research is motivated by the number of traffic violation cases carried out by the community in Bangka Belitung. Many traffic violations carried out by children. This study aims to determine the number of traffic violators based on the level of education of the people in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province in 2016, thus it can be seen the number of traffic violators at certain levels of education in the Bangka Belitung region. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. This descriptive research is used to describe an event or event and social phenomenon in factual and systematic. This method is used to explain the data contained in the table by using descriptive explanations. The data used is secondary data. The results showed that the highest violations in Pangkalpinang City compared to other districts. Based on the data obtained, the high school level in the city of Pangkalpinang becomes the highest number of traffic violators. Many factors cause violations among students, namely internal and external factors. Internal factors come from within the individual, while external factors are found in the surrounding environment. Need appropriate handling to overcome the occurrence of various traffic violations among students. The method taken can be preventive and repressive.

Keywords: BPS, students, minor violations.


The sustainable management of the Amazon forest is of great importance for the conservation of the biome,minimizing ecological impacts and through the rational use of its resources, without totally destroying the habitat. Analternative sustainable forestry is the use of residues which occur during the harvesting and mechanical processingof wood. Residues from the forest are wasted, often due to not knowing how to leverage them or lack of technologicaloptions. In order to minimize waste, new technologies must be developed and employed for the use of forest residuesaccording to local conditions, adding value to the raw material, and consequently raising the economic return andsocial significance, ensuring the preservation and sustainability of natural resources. The objective of this paper isthe review of existing literature and the attempt to quantify residues from forest harvesting and wood processing toencourage the best use of the same.Key words: Amazon Forest, forestry, use of the residues


Topical administration of anesthetics and analgesics can allow for the efficient, painless delivery of medications that may reduce systemic side effects associated with the medication while providing clinical advantages over injected or oral administration for the same clinical situation. Topical administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), lidocaine, capsaicin, and other agents is useful for a range of conditions including acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain.


Plants are the only economic source of a number of well established and important drugs. In addition, they are also the source of chemical intermediates need for the production of drugs. Inspite of tremendous advances made in the modern system of medicine, there are still lack of conditions for which suitable drugs are not available in the allopathic system Moreover the modern system of medicine producing lot of side effects to the patients]. Nowadays herbs have been the main source of medicine throughout the human history. About 25-30% of todays prescription drugs contain chemicals derived from herbs This dissertation deals with pharmacognostical ,phytochemical evaluation and pharmacological screening of the leaves of Ixora pavetta. Pharmacognostic parameters had been determined for the leaves in order to substantiate and identify the plant for future work. Phytochemical evaluation of the plant including preliminary phytochemical screening was performed inorder to confirm the presence of phytoconstituents like sterols, carbohydrates, proteins, anthraquinone glycoside, flavonoids and tannins.


The ambivalent image of the sea is recurrent in Bojunga Nunes's work. It receives a lot of symbolic meanings in her production, being sometimes a positive and sometimes a negative element. Thus, the sea is used in a utopic way, as a place for pleasure and leisure, and in a dystopic way, as scenery of a rite of passage, which includes the pain and suffering, part of the rite of passage that characterizes the bildungsromans . So, if in some texts the sea assumes a utopic character, being a place of snuggle, security, the ideal to reach, in others it is represented as dystopic, a place of distress, asphyxia and death. In this text we will study the hypothesis that, even in its dark symbolic meaning, in the author's work the sea is an element of reflection and revelation. Thereby, it assumes metaphorically a sense of magnification of the reader's expectative, being an element of emancipation. The objective of this text is to present a reflection on the sea's symbolism on the mentioned texts and its importance for the reader's formation. DOI  http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/elos.1.1720


Additive technologies belong to modern trends in production of prototype components. They include e.g. sintering of powders with a various chemical composition, granularity, physical, chemical and other usable qualities. There belong to additive technologies especially a technology of Rapid Prototyping that use various principles to make components. According to the used technology photopolymers, thermoplastics, a specially modified paper or metal powders are used in a Rapid Prototyping machinery.An article deals with a characteristic, concept, calculation and production of a prototype model of an axial fan that enables quick build-up time of fan turbine speed. Production of the axial fan is realized by an additive technology of Rapid Prototyping using a method of Fused Deposition Modelling - a 3D printer Fortus 360mc. The article describes individual development stages from the concept to production itself including a final visualization of the prototype model of an 11-blade axial fan.


structural realism constitute the extremes of a wide spectrum of explanatory theories. In so doing, Wang engages in discussion with Alastair Iain Johnston, whose theory of cultural realism claims the existence of China-specific "realpolitik strategic culture" (p. 4). In contrast to Johnston, Wang sees material (power) premises, not cultural precepts, as the founding strategies of the Imperial state, and subsequently subsumes Johnston's cultural realism under structural realism. Wang's book provides an accessible, historically well-informed and methodologically well-constructed account of an important phenomenon of Chinese history. Its high quality will be apparent to general readers and researchers alike, with neither methodology nor substance overriding the other. What creates a sense of discontinuity, however, is Wang's attempt to engage in discussion of China's current strategic goals. As China's global status grows, potential explanations of its behaviour are urgently sought. It seems hard to resist expanding one's argument, originally aimed at a historical context, onto current discussions. Wang's book is no exception. As a result, the last chapter on "Chinese power politics in the age of U.S. unipolarity" seems to lack the book's previous clarity of argument. "Confucian pacifism" as an explanatory model has unexpectedly given way to "idealpolitik," a new strategic model supposedly developed as a result of China's socialisation to international institutions. Even more baffling is a complete exclusion of ideological factors from considerations of the PRC's post-Cold War strategies. Such an omission can hardly be analytically justified, let alone defended historically. Moreover, in effective absence of Confucian socialisation since the early 20th century, and lack of "ideopolitik" in Wang's equation, his analysis of contemporary China seems less convincing. Absence of a competing theoretical approach leaves Wang testing only structural hypotheses. This might leave readers who expect a similarly innovative approach to contemporary problems as to historical ones, inevitably disappointed. It also accounts for another problem: leaving a strong suggestion, but not an answer, to the question of China's political strategy and potential offensiveness today. Despite this weakness, this book provides an absorbing attempt to shed new light on the role Confucian tradition played in power politics historically. In so doing, it uses a precise methodological and theoretical model for hypothesis testing, which adds much value to the book. The book as a whole provides readers with a powerful realisation of how much knowledge of China's past and present is still missing.


An explanation is given for the surface defect, commonly referred to as sharkskin, considered in the present study to occur at the die exit. It will be shown numerically that large negative pressures can exist at the die exit by simulating the flow of a linear polydimethylsiloxane melt, which showed significant sharkskin, through a capillary using a finite element program. Furthermore, a series of photographs indicates that the cracks on the surface of the extrudate originate at the die exit and not further down the extrudate. It will then be postulated that negative pressure (hydrostatic tension) cavitates the polymer melt very close to the die lip (within a micron) at the die exit on the surface of the die or in the bulk of the polymer depending on the respective strengths of adhesion to the die surface at the exit or of the cohesion of the bulk of the polymer. The growth and coalescence of these voids would then lead to cracks (sharkskin) at the die exit.


With developments of real-time applications into data centers, the need for alternatives of the standard TCP protocol has been prime demand in several applications of data centers. The several alternatives of TCP protocol has been proposed but SCTP has edge due to its several well-built characteristics that make it capable to work efficiently. In this paper, we examine the features of SCTP into data centers like Multi-streaming and Multi-homing over the features of TCP protocol. In this paper, our objective is to introduce internal problems of data centers. Robust transport protocol reduces the problems with some extend. Focusing the problems of data centers, we also examine weakness of highly deployed standard TCP, and evaluate the performance of SCTP in context of faster communication for data centers. We also discover some weaknesses and shortcomings of SCTP into data centers and try to propose some ways to avoid them by maintaining SCTP native features. To validate strength and weakness of TCP and SCTP, we use ns2 for simulation in context of data center. On basis of findings, we highlight major strength of SCTP. At the end, we Implemen


Summary: Purpose: Voltage‐dependent calcium channel mutations have been associated with spinocerebellar ataxia in humans (SCA6) and with ataxia, progressive cerebellar degeneration, and epilepsy in mice (tottering, lethargic, and stargazer). A novel autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia syndrome with epilepsy (SCA10) was recently mapped to chromosome 22q13. The human ortholog of the mouse stargazer locus, the calcium channel γ subunit gene CACNG2, also is located in this region. Because the phenotypes of stargazer mice and SCA10 patients were similar, consisting of both cerebellar ataxia and seizures, we hypothesized that CACNG2 was a likely candidate for the SCA10 locus.


The use of logistic regression analysis is widely applicable to epidemiologic studies concerned with quantifying an association between a study factor (i.e., an exposure variable) and a health outcome (i.e., disease status). This paper reviews the general characteristics of the logistic model and illustrates its use in epidemiologic inquiry. Particular emphasis is given to the control of extraneous variables in the context of follow-up and case-control studies. Techniques for both unconditional and conditional maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters in the logistic model are described and illustrated. A general analysis strategy is also presented which incorporates the assessment of both interaction and confounding in quantifying an exposure-disease association of interest.


Part 1 Introduction: trade policy and market power strategic effects production efficiency the political economy of the new theory organization. Part 2 Trade policy under perfect competition: tariff analysis import quotas export subsidies and taxes optimal trade taxes a note on general equilibrium domestic distortions and trade policy algebra for small policy changes. Part 3 Protection and domestic market power: the case of an import-competing Monopolist noncooperative domestic oligopoly collusive domestic oligopoly. Part 4 Foreign market power: optimal policies against a foreign monopolist trade taxes quotas optimal trade taxes kinked demand Cournot oligopoly Bertrand oligopoly ad valorem trade taxes quotas under oligopoly appendix to section 4.9. Part 5 Strategic export policy: competitive foreign conduct profit shifting price competition entry with increasing returns resource constraints two-way export policies consumption effects. Part 6 Strategic import policy: tariffs - the Cournot case tariffs - the Bertrand case import quotas. Part 7 Intraindustry trade: a basic monopolistic competition model tariffs and the terms of trade the production efficiency effect tariffs that lower prices - the home market effect tariffs and segmented markets. Part 8 Quantification: problems of quantification models with fixed numbers of firms models with free entry general equilibrium modeling. Part 9 Conclusions: methodology surprising effects of policy the welfare effects of trade policy where do we go from here?


Complexes having formula of type [ML2]center dot 2H(2)O (where M=Cu(II), n=0,5; M=Co(II), n=2; M=Ni(II), n=3 and M=Zn(II), n=2), [Cu(L)(2)] and [Cu(LH)(2)](ClO(4))(2)center dot H(2)O were synthesized where LH is the hydrazone formed by the condensation of the isonicotinic acid hydrazide with 2,3-dione 1H-indole. The ligand and the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-Vis-NIR, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibilities and molar conductivity measurements, antibacterial activity and thermal analysis. The ligand acts in his enolic form, as a monoanionic tridentate or a neutral tridentate one.


Luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) are galaxies with infrared (IR) luminosities (LIR) in the range between 1011 and 1012 L?, and >1012 L?, respectively. Intense star-formation bursts and/or an active galactic nucleus (AGN) are the power sources of these galaxies. These galaxies are unusual in the local universe, they represent less than 6 % of the IR emission in the local universe.
Nevertheless, at high-redshift, z ~ 1?2, (U)LIRGs have an important contribution to the star-formation rate (SFR) density of the Universe. Consequently, the study of local LIRGs is a fundamental piece to understanding their more distant counterparts.
This thesis is focused on the study of local LIRGs. For this purpose we de?ned a complete volume-limited sample of 53 local galaxies (0.009 11.05. We analyzed mid-IR imaging and spectroscopic data obtained with Spitzer, and X-ray data from XMM-Newton and Chandra of these local LIRGs.
The Spitzer spectroscopic data include observations from two GTO programs. Likewise the XMM-Newton X-ray data were obtained through two guest observer programs. In addition we used Spitzer, XMM-Newton, and Chandra archival data.
As a ?rst step in our study, we characterized the mid-IR high-ionization emission lines produced by AGN and star-formation for a large sample of local galaxies, including LIRGs, observed with Spitzer (Chapter 3). In Chapter 4 we studied the spatially resolved mid-IR properties of a sample of 15 local LIRGs using Spitzer/IRS spectral mapping observations. Finally, in Chapter 5, we present the analysis of the X-ray properties of a representative sample of 27 local LIRGs. The main results and conclusions of this thesis are: ? Mid-IR High-ionization Lines from AGN and Star-forming Galaxies We studied the Spitzer mid-IR spectra of a sample of 426 galaxies, including quasars, Seyferts, LINERs, and H II galaxies. According to their IR luminosities 15 % of them are LIRGs. We focused on the high-ionization emission lines ([Ne V], [O IV], and [NeIII]) originated principally in the AGN and commonly used as tracers of its luminosity. We con?rmed the tight linear correlation between the [Ne V]14.3 and 24.3 µm and the [O IV] 25.89 µm emission lines for a large range of AGN luminosities and types. The correlation between the [O IV] 25.89 µm and [NeIII] 15.56 µm emission lines holds only for active galaxies. Galaxies with strong star-formation have an excess of [NeIII] 15.56 µm emission with respect to that expected from the [O IV] 25.89 µm versus [NeIII] 15.56 µm correlation seen in AGN. That is, it is likely that the [NeIII] emission includes a noticeable contribution from star-formation. We also quanti?ed the star-formation contribution to the [O IV] luminosity. Only when the AGN bolometric luminosity is below 5 % of the LIR, the [O IV] is dominated by star-formation.
? Mid-IR Emission of Local LIRGs The mid-IR spectral range contains a large number of features that can be used to disentangle the star-formation and AGN contributions to the total galaxy emission. Among these spectral features we analyzed the emission of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon bands (PAHs), the ionized gas emission ([NeII], [NeIII], [S III], and [S IV]), and the molecular gas emission (warm H2). We found that, in general, the mid-IR spectra of these LIRGs are similar to those of local starbursts.
The PAH ratios and equivalent widths are comparable to the values observed in starbursts. Moreover, their 9.7 µm silicate absorptions are moderate and intermediate between those of local starbursts and the extremely deep silicate features of local ULIRGs. However the nuclear [NeIII] 15.56 µm/[NeII] 12.81 µm ratios are lower than that of H II regions and nearby star-forming galaxies. Photoionization models predictions suggest that the increased densities in the nuclei of LIRGs are responsible for the smaller nuclear ratios. This includes the possibility that a fraction of the most massive stars are hidden in ultra-compact H II regions or that the initial mass function (IMF) is truncated at 30 M? in the LIRG nuclei. The warm (300?1000 K) molecular hydrogen, traced by the H2 S(1) and S(2) lines at 17.0 and 12.3 µm, is likely to be excited by the same mechanism as the PAHs, based on their similar morphologies and the small variation of the H2 S(1)/PAH ratios (a factor of 2) in the sample. In some galaxies we found enhanced H2 emission which can be attributed to large scale shocks associated to galaxy mergers. The derived warm molecular hydrogen gas masses are in the range 0.4?3×108 M?. This is similar to the values measured in ULIRGs and starbursts.
? X-ray Emission of Local LIRGs Galaxies with intense star-formation, such as LIRGs, are also strong X-ray emitters. The X-ray emission of starburst galaxies is mainly produced by high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXB), supernova remnants, and hot gas heated by the energy released by supernova explosions. Both the soft (0.5?2 keV) and hard (2?10 keV) X-ray emissions are well correlated with the SFR in local starbursts. We found that most LIRGs follow these soft and hard X-ray luminosity versus SFR correlations. Only about 15 % of the non-Seyfert LIRGs have an excess hard X-ray emission relative to that expected from star-formation that might indicate the presence of an obscured AGN. The detection of the Fe K? emission line at 6.4 keV with a large equivalent width is a signature of Compton-thick AGN. However we did not detect the Fe K? emission line in the H II LIRGs. The line ?ux upper limits were used to put an upper limit to the bolometric luminosity for an obscured AGN in the star-forming LIRGs, Lbol(AGN) <1043 erg s?1 . That is, the AGN contribution to the total luminosity in these galaxies is < 10 %. Likewise the AGN contribution to the total energy output in our sample is between 7 % and 10 %.


By using the methods of art design and qualitative analysis,it pointed out the limitations of the appellation of "marketing aesthetics",put forward the concepts and definitions of"aesthetic marketing",and held that it was more scientific and reasonable to name the management strategy which utilized aesthetics to create aesthetic attraction for marketing as"aesthetic marketing"than"marketing aesthetics".Based on the aesthetic creation of art design on products,services and marketing communications and marketing environment,it revealed the origins of aesthetics in the marketing,integrated the aesthetic marketing system,constructed the models of art design affecting marketing and aesthetic marketing of enterprises,and come to the conclusion that art design creates aesthetics and sales promotion.


Having a sedimentary fills of approximately 10km is an indication that the Nigerian sector of the Chad Basin is deep enough for attainment of geothermal field. Geothermal gradients of more than 3.0°C/100m in the region were reported by earlier workers. This work is set out to determine the spatial distribution of temperatures at different depth within the Chad Basin. Isothermal maps were prepared on the basis of previously produced "Map of Geothermal Gradient and of mean annual air temperature in the area using computer program and other calculations using "Grid Math" option. Maps of depth to Isothermal temperature of 100°C, 125°C, 150°C and 175°C were produced and the results shows that isothermal surface of 100°C vary from 1200mbgl west of Dikwa town to about 2400mbgl around Kala area. Isothermal temperature of 125°C can be reached at 1800mbgl west of Dikwa to about 2200mbgl around Kukawa while isothermal surface 175°C which happens to be a major important temperature for generation of electricity occur in the study area at 2600mbgl west of Dikwa and 3000mbgl north of Bida. The spatial distribution of these temperatures at varying depths suggest occurrence of geothermal resources that can be harnessed for different applications such as binary technology for electricity generation.


We believe chronic low back pain [LBP] continues to be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge because its radiculopathic nature is not generally recognized. Also, the conventionalphysicalexaminationof theback is,more often than not, unrewarding. Therefore, there is a tendencyfor it tobeperfunctorilyperformed. We have previously described the characteristicsof radiculopathicpain(1)andnowwish to report an important clinical observation. Although L5–S1 is generally regarded as the most troublesome level, we find upper lumbar radiculopathy [L1-2, L2-3] to be more common. In a series of 119 LBP patients that were admitted to our outpatient clinic over a period of 18 months [January 2001 through June 2002], 83 patients presented with signs implicating the upper lumbar spine. All had back painformore thannineweeksandhad triedvarious forms of physical therapy without relief. Lowbackpain isavague term.Thedisability has been blamed on a wide spectrum of soft tissue damage, ranging from minor ligament strain to major disruptions of stabilizing tissues


The microstructure, mechanical behaviour and damping properties of two high zinc Al–Zn alloys -Al-20Zn and Al-35Zn alloys—micro alloyed with 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 wt% Ni were investigated in this study. The alloys were produced by liquid metallurgy processing using metal casting practice. The structural characteristics of the alloys were assessed using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis while the mechanical properties (hardness, tensile properties and fracture toughness) and damping behaviour were also evaluated. The results show that the Al-35Zn alloys generally have finer grain sizes compared with the Al-20Zn alloys, while the use of 0.1 wt%Ni, resulted in the most significant grain size reduction. The hardness and tensile strength improved with the use of 0.1 and 0.2 wt% Ni for the Al-20Zn and Al-35Zn alloys, and strengthening was largely higher for the Al-35Zn alloys than the Al-20Zn alloys due to finer grain size and the greater proportion of the Zn rich η- phase. The percent elongation and fracture toughness improved with Ni addition in both Al-20Zn and Al-35Zn base alloys, but the use of up to 0.3 wt% Ni in some instance resulted in marginal improvement in both properties. Also, the use of 0.1 wt% Ni resulted in the most significant improvement in damping capacity for both high zinc Al–Zn alloys. Summarily, the use of 0.1–0.2 wt% Ni as micro alloying addition in Al-20Zn and Al35Zn base alloys resulted in improved strength, ductility, toughness and damping capacity in the alloys.


Based on the concept of forming in AMT(Advanced Manufacturing Technology) and the standpoint to engineering materials classfication of modern natural sciences and in combination with practice of manufacturing industry,a new method on first stage classfication is advanced in the paper.


Owen Chamberlain, who co-discovered the antiproton with Emilio Segre in 1955, has died at the age of 85. Chamberlain and Segre shared the 1959 Nobel Prize for Physics for the discovery of the particle, which has the same mass as the proton but opposite charge. Postulated by Paul Dirac in 1933, the antiproton is now routinely used in particle-physics experiments.


Malolactic conversion was attempted with Leuconostoc oenos cells which were immobilized in polyacrilamide gel. The properties of immobilized cells were examined and compared with the properties of free cells. The optimum cell concentration in the gel was 13 percent w/v (wet wt). The optimum pH for activity was 5.25 for both entrapped and free cells. Optimum temperatures were between 40° and 50°C for entrapped cells and between 45° and 55°C for free cells. The malolactic conversion rate by immobilized cells reached 71 percent after 10 minutes in buffered solutions containing 2.25 or 4.5 g/L of L-malic acid at pH 5.6 and about 76 percent after one hour in must at pH 3.3.


The ability to sharetimeand to shift attention betweenbimanualsimultaneous motor taskswere studiedin 18 patients withParkinson's disease (PD) and 19 age- and intelligence-matched controls. Thetaskconsisted ofdrawing triangles withthedominanthandand squeezing a rubberbulbwiththenondominanthand.Motorperformance was measuredusingthevariables: amplitude ofsqueezing, frequency ofsqueezing and velocity of drawingtriangles. After eliminating variancedue to baseline differences in single-handed performance, thebimanualsimultaneous performanceofPD andcontrols turnedout tobesimilar tothefrequency ofsqueezingandthevelocity ofdrawingtriangles. The amplitudeofsqueezing, however, differed betweenthetwo groups: itwas significantly reducedinPD. Arguably thedisturbance inthebimanualperformance ofPD patients was not dueto a disorderof time sharing,but to a decreased ability toshift attention from thevisually cuedtasktothenon visually cuedtask. Theresults agree withcurrent evidencethatPD patients are more impairedwhen theyhaveto relyupon internal controlfortheregulation of shifting attention thanwhen external cues are available.


In this paper, we propose a traceable anonymous electronic cash, based on Digital Signature Scheme (DSS), but with difference whereby the coin's anonymity can be revoke by a quorum of the server. Our system, unlike previous anonymous systems, can prevent crimes from successfully being perpetrated, and employs revocation to do so. We introduce this traceable electronic cash that require a quorum of servers to produce a signature to the receiver, and a (possibly different) quorum to be unblended the coin. We also applied the method of bints to our protocol to enable tracing of correctness of the signature, and the corresponding coins.


Water management is a key issue for the performance of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell. Materials of the fuel cell would affect the water transportation in the flow field, thus influence, the overall performance of the fuel cell. A three dimensional, single-channel, counterflow model was built to analyze the performance of the PEM fuel cell. Different surface contact angles were set to the liquid water droplets in the catalyst layers (CLs) and gas diffusion layers (GDLs) to present the different wetting property characterizations of the materials. Assuming that the contact angle ranges from 75 deg to 150 deg, the liquid water content and distribution in the cathode GDL were investigated in details. Numerical analysis showed that the hydrophobicity of the structure affects the water transportation in the fuel cell significantly. Hydrophobic materials could lower the rate of water saturation in the flow field, thus preventing the water flooding in the cathode side. When the surface contact angles of the cathode CL and GDL were set to 135 deg, the liquid water content is least in the GDL. I-V polarization curves of the fuel cell with different materials were also developed to analyze the overall performance. As a result, proper hydrophobic material would lower the rate of cathode water flooding in PEM and benefit the performance of PEM fuel cell.


This paper aims at constructing a light-weight object detector that inputs a depth and a color image from a stereo camera. Specifically, by extending the network architecture of YOLOv3 to 3D in the middle, it is possible to output in the depth direction. In addition, Intersection over Union (IoU) in 3D space is introduced to confirm the accuracy of region extraction results. In the field of deep learning, object detectors that use distance information as input are actively studied for utilizing automated driving. However, the conventional detector has a large network structure, and the real-time property is impaired. The effectiveness of the detector constructed as described above is verified using datasets. The experiment verified that the proposed model is able to output 3D bounding boxes and detect people whose body is partly hidden. Further, the processing speed of the model reached 44.35 fps.


On the surfaces of polymer films used for thermal control materials of spacecrafts, the electrostatic charging and discharge occasionally occur in space environment. The final potential of charging depends on the materiais. To investigate this dependency, the experiment of electron beam irradiation on two kinds of materials using a high vacuum chamber and the calculation using a one dimensional model are compared. The result is that the final potential is dependent especially on the secondary electron emission and the backscatter coefficient of the material rather than its resistivity. The relationship between the resistivity of materials and the surface potential is also shown. The breakdown voltage on the surface of polymer films using electrodes are also measured. The result shows that it is necessary to take the effect of the surface charging and the irradiation of electron beam into consideration to estimate the charging potential.


Large cold storage capacity is very important to maintain the stable working condition of a superconducting magnet. Solid nitrogen is frequently used for cold storage at cryogenic temperatures. In this paper, we report the experimental investigation of the cold storage and cold release characteristics of a thermal battery unit using solid nitrogen, as well as the combination of solid nitrogen and copper foam under different conditions. In order to enhance the heat transfer without significantly compromising the cold storage capacity, the copper foam is adopted to enhance the effective thermal conductivity of solid nitrogen. It is found that the copper foam can effectively enhance the cold release process, making the cold energy stored effectively utilized.


The modern workplace has surely seen significant changes as a result of the technological revolution. This study explores the relationship between external auditor turnover intention and ethical conflict and technological stress. 126 external auditors' responses to self-administered questionnaires were gathered as part of a survey methodology. The findings showed a strong correlation between technological pressures, ethical tension, and turnover intention. The study offered a helpful resource for exploring technostress and ethical tension among Jordanian auditors. Furthermore, it is advised that the management of audit firms offer suitable training programs to lessen techno-stress based on these findings. Additionally, auditors may face less ethical conflict if they have a sufficient understanding of the standards that guide the industry.


Oxidative stress occurs when the production of potentially destructive reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds the bodies own naturalantioxidant defenses, resulting in cellular damage. ROS, defined as including oxygen ions, free radicals and peroxides, are generated by sperm and seminal leukocytes within semen and produce infertility by two key mechanisms.First, they damage the sperm membrane, decreasing sperm motility and its ability to fuse with the oocyte. Second, ROS can alter the sperm DNA, resulting in the passage of defective paternal DNA on to the conceptus. Spermatozoa, like all cells living in aerobic conditions face the oxygen (O2) paradox: O2 is required to support life, but its metabolites such as ROS can modify sperm cell functions, endanger sperm cell survival. ROS in small amount is necessary to maintain normal spermatozoa function. It is not surprising that a battery of different antioxidants is available to protect spermatozoa against oxidants. Spermatozoa are particularly susceptible to oxidative stress induced damage because their plasma membranes contain large quantities of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their cytoplasm contains low concentrations of scavenging enzymes. In addition, the intracellular antioxidant enzymes cannot protect the plasma membrane that surrounds the acrosome and the tail, forcing spermatozoa to supplement their limited intrinsic antioxidant defenses by depending on the protection afforded by the seminal plasma. Oxidative stress attacks not only the fluidity of the sperm plasma membrane, but also the integrity of DNA in the sperm nucleus. High content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the plasma membrane and a low level of antioxidant in the sperm cytoplasm make them susceptible to oxidative stress and peroxidative attack during preservation. Defective and dead spermatozoa, major source of ROS during cryopreservation Cryoprotective media with antioxidants to overcome cryodamage.


Globalization and new consumption patterns influence daily life, the postmodern human being lives an existencial angst, the awareness of living here and now, in a violent and hostile world, the struggle for survival after the basic needs. Given this, options or alternatives present themselves as a way of life. Sociological changes of globalization include religions, we can mention the phenomenon of transnational and transcontinental networks. In Argentina, particularly Buenos Aires as the case observed, is considered a religious metropoli where different offers coexist: the Catholic healing circuit including San Cayetano, San Pantaleon and the Virgin "Desatanudos"; St. Expedite, charismatic healers, electronic ministers, rabbis, Islamic, Hindus, Buddhists, schools of spirituality, new age, indigenous healers, "manosantas" (healing hands), holistic therapies, tarot, parapsychology, etc. The mapping of religious groups in the city of Buenos Aires highlights some areas such as Almagro, in the geographic center of the city, and Liniers on the western edge with the Church of San Cayetano and the burgeoning Bolivian community. This paper addresses the case study of the neighborhoods mentioned and the opinions of experts on the subject of sociology.


About 600 individual palms representing coconut global diversity were studied with 14 microsatellites selected from an initial set of 83. Their molecular profiles will serve as a reference database for coconut cultivar identification. An original software, dedicated to the identification of allogamous populations was set up and will be made available to COGENT network members. The sample required to effectively identify an unknown population ranges from 5 to 10 in most cases. Transfer of the techniques used (molecular and statistical) will require a training session during 2002. It is proposed that CIRAD will serve as a repository for molecular information in the future. (Resume d'auteur)


Abstract In this work, a new nanocomposite in which polyaniline (PANI) is encapsulated in ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3 type) has been synthesized. The aniline monomer was introduced into hosts from the vapor phase to avoid the formation of PANI layers on the outer surface. The structure and morphology of the nanocomposite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption/desorption, FT-IR and Raman spectra, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that PANI is almost formed in the channels of CMK-3 and the nanocomposite retains the ordered mesostructure. Encapsulated PANI exhibits better thermal stability than pure PANI because of confinement effect in the channel system. The conductivity of PANI/CMK-3 nanocomposite containing 8.4 wt% PANI is 0.78 S/cm at room temperature.


With this book, Australian historian Michael Sturma puts the Harder's actions in the context of the overall Pacific campaign and draws on previously untapped sources to detail several daring missions, including one that involved the heroic Australian commando Bill Jinkins. In doing so, Sturma adds not only significant information to the Harder story, but also provides a fresh perspective on the submarine war.


Background: Published reports have questioned the benefit of serum HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) raising and/or triglycerides (TG) lowering for patients at risk for cardiovascular (CV) events. Methods: AIM-HIGH (NCT00120289) patient-level data were reanalyzed to evaluate the effects of HDL-C raising and TG lowering treatment strategies (background statin ± extended-release niacin therapy) on major adverse CV events (MACE: a composite of MI, stroke, and CV death) and all-cause mortality. Four groups, based on percent change from baseline to 6 months in HDL-C and TG due to antidyslipidemic therapy, were compared (Table 1). Time-to-first event analyses were performed, with a multivariate analysis used to adjust for group, age, gender, history of diabetes, and estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]. Results: Kaplan-Meier curves showed a significant difference for MACE (log-rank p<0.05) among the four groups (Figure 1). Surprisingly, a 49%-increased risk of MACE (unadjusted HR 1.49; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.98, p<0.01)...


Patients with major hematologic malignancy or aplastic anemia were treated with bone marrow (BMT) or stem cell transplantation. Additional transfusion of erythrocyte concentrates during chemotherapy and after BMT is a part of the therapy. As a consequence of the transfusion of red blood cells, iron accumulates in organs, tissues and endocrine glands. In a former study we found increased iron stores in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated by chemotherapy and blood transfusions [1]. To prevent the patients against the potential toxicity of an acute or chronic iron overload, the diagnosis and staging of iron metabolism in these patients is necessary. The most important organ for staging iron overload diseases is the liver, because more than 70% of the total body storage iron is concentrated there. So far, no quantitative data are available in these patients. Currently, the classical invasive liver biopsy with histologic determination of Prussian blue stainable iron and/or chemical determination of iron in the liver biopsy specimens is still the standard method in the diagnosis of clinical relevant iron overload. Among several non-invasive methods (CT, MRI, nuclear resonance scattering, SQUID biomagnetic susceptometry), only MRI and biomagnetic susceptometry have the capability to measure liver iron concentration (LIC) with the sensitivity necessary for clinical use. In more than ten years (1989 2000) SQUID biosusceptometry has been used to assess iron stores in ~ 2000 patients suspected for iron overload [2]. Especially in children, biomagnetic liver susceptometry (BLS) is the method of choice [3]. In the present study, non-invasive iron quantification by biomagnetic liver susceptometry under clinical conditions was used in a group of patients after bone marrow or stem cell transplantation. The main aspect in our study was the incidence and degree of iron overload in those patients, who were at least one year after BMT.


A wireless network may route packets more efficiently if forwarding decisions are taken based on which downstream nodes actually receive packets from the source or intermediate nodes. This is used for unicast transmissions in Opportunistic Routing (OR) and Least Cost Anypath Routing (LCAR). Here, we extend the LCAR approach to support multicasting from one source to multiple destinations. Multicast cost metrics are calculated and used to determine the forwarder set and the forwarding strategy so that packets can reach all the destination nodes efficiently. Semi-optimal and simpler heuristic approaches are suggested both for calculating the multicast route costs to the destination set and all its subsets and for the packet transmission and forwarding strategy.


ABSTRACT Essential oils are distilled liquids generally extracted from the stems, leaves, flowers, or other parts of a plant. In this study, antifungal activity against Penicillium digitatum of black caraway (Carum carvi) and anise (Pimpinella anisum) essential oils was investigated at different concentrations (0, 200, 400, 600,and 800 μL.L−1) on blood orange (Citrus sinensis var. Moro) in vivo and in vitro. The in vitro experiment results showed that two used the essential oils had strongly fungicidal effects, so that, the growth of P. digitatum was completely inhibited by the application of black caraway and anise oils. Anise and black caraway oils completely inhibited P. digitatum growth at the concentrations of 600 μL.L−1. In vivo experiment resulted in the complete inhibition of P. digitatum growth by anise and black caraway essential oils on blood orange fruits at any applied concentrations compared to the controls. In addition, at higher concentrations of 600 μL.L−1 showed the positive effects of the two oils on fruit quality features, including total soluble solids, antioxidant and anthocyanin contents, titrable acidity, and pH and weight loss percentages. Therefore, the infections of blood orange fruits were inhibited by P. digitatum oils, and their storage life was increased as well. The antifungal effects of the essential oils applied both on the fruit postharvest in vivo and in vitro were corroborated by the results obtained in this research. Thus, application of these plant essential oils could be used as biodegradable and eco-friendly agent for disease management of green mold during blood orange fruit production.


We report on the search for the factorization suppressed decays B -> chi_c0 K(*) and B -> chi_c2 K(*), with chi_c0 and chi_c2 decaying into J/psi gamma. We use a sample of 124 million BBbar events collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II storage ring at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. No significant signal is found and upper bounds for the branching fractions are obtained. All results are preliminary.


Introduction and Aims: Our experience with over 200 cases of Avon patellofemoral replacement (PFR) in the elderly with severe arthritis has been satisfactory, so we have extended the indications to younger patients with severe symptoms and various pathologies. Method: Sixty-six knees in 53 patients (10M: 46F) under the age of 55 years (average 47 years) have been treated with an AVON PFR for the following conditions: PATHOLOGY NUMBER of Knees Isolated lateral facet OA 34 Failed realignment 12 Persistent subluxation/dislocation 5 Trochlear dysplasia 5 Pure chondral disease 3 Failed carbon fibre implant 3 Post-patellectomy instability 3 Post-traumatic pain 1 All patients were recorded prospectively and have been regularly reviewed using the modified Oxford, Bartlett & Bristol Knee scoring systems. The mean follow-up of the group is 24 months. Results: No patient has been lost to follow-up, all knee scores improved substantially. Most of the patients retained their range of flexion and the mean range of movement increased from 112 to 122 degrees. Patients with persistent subluxation were the most dramatically improved. There have been no cases of deep infection, loosening or wear. Conclusion: Avon PFR provides a reliable short-term solution to some of the more difficult and disabling problems of the patello-femoral joint as long as demonstrable pathology is present.


It has often been argued that Keynes's General Theory is full of inconsistencies yet their nature has scarcely been explored in detail. In this paper, I argue that Keynes's basic inconsistency lies in his aiming at bringing together a series of concepts which, with hindsight, prove to be irreconciliable, namely involuntary unemployment, system failure, general equilibrium, demand policy. This indictment of Keynes's research programme should not be extended, I further argue, to mainstream Keynesian research programmes, because they have abandonned the claim of demonstrating all these concepts together. The overall evolution of Keynesian theory can then be highlighted as a replacement of Keynes's unique yet contradictory research programme by a handful of (a) more or less overlapping, (b) in principle consistent, (c) yet incomplete research programs against Keynes's own project.


A case is reported of subdural bone formation in a patient with histologically verified glioblastoma multiforme. No history of trauma or chronic neurologic problems were obtainable.


Objective To explore the clotting mechanism in beagles irradiated by 4.5 Gy γ-rays after treatment with supportive care,or supportive care and combined cytokines.Methods Sixteen beagles were divided into irradiation control group,Supportive care group and combined cytokines treatment group.Platelet aggregation test,thrombelagtography (TEG) and the time measurement were analyzed in vitro.Results In irradiation group and supportive care group,the platelet aggregation rates in beagles were decreased markedly and the k value of TEG was increased 7 d post-irradiation,while those indexes in combined cytokines treatment group changed little.At 14 d post-irradiation,each parameter of TEG in irradiated group changed obviously.The values of r,k,r+k and M were elevated significantly,clotting time and the maximum coagulation time of thrombus delayed,the Ma value was decreased markedly,and the maximum elasticity amplitude of thrombus was diminished.All parameters in combined cytokines treatment group were better than those in supportive care group.The thrombin time was prolonged obviously in irradiated group 14 d post-irradiation,while the thrombin time was the longest at 2-3 weeks post irradiation in supportive care group and combined cytokines treatment group(P>0.05).Conclusions Cytokines could improve the platelet aggregation and the blood clotting functions of beagles suffering from acute radiation sickness.

Key words:
Thrombelagtogram; Platelet aggregation rate; Blood clotting; Cytokines


Objective To observe the efficacy of continuous ultrasonic wave therapy on post-stroke gastrocnemius spasticity. Methods 26 patients with gastrocnemius spasticity after stroke were randomly divided into ultrasonic group and control group. The stretch therapy was used in the two groups,and the continuous ultrasonic wave therapy was added on ultrasonic group for 4 weeks. The scores of modefied Ashworth scale (mAS),the ratio of Hmax and Mmax,and the fascicle length of gastrocnemius pre and post treatment were observed and compared respectively in the two groups.Results Compared with pre treatment,the score of mAS and the value of Hmax/Mmax in ultrasonic group wrer significantly reduced post treatment(all P0.05),but no significantly difference was found in the control group. The value of Hmax/Mmax in ultrasonic group was significantly reduced post treatment than that in the control group(P0.05). The fascicle length of gastrocnemius was no significantly difference pre and post treatment in the two groups. Conclusion Continuous ultrasonic wave therapy can reduce post-stroke gastrocnemius spasticity,but can not change the mechanical property of muscle.


We would like to thank the referee for the time and effort put into reviewing the manuscript. We greatly appreciate the comments, suggestions and very constructive criticisms, with which we in general agree. With this response, we aim to address the issues raised in the review and propose changes to the manuscript accordingly. We believe that the implementation of such changes will considerably improve the overall quality of the revised version of the manuscript. Following the guidelines of the NHESS Editorial Board, the revised manuscript was not prepared at this point.


China's rapid growth has been driven by policy reforms that significantly reduce market frictions. Policy reforms are determined by the government according to its own politico-economic considerations. This paper embeds these politico-economic considerations in a macro model of China to endogenously study government policies, market frictions, and economic growth. In the model, an elite runs the government and maximizes its own incomes, facing a political constraint: getting enough supporters. The government provides high enough incomes to state workers in order to gain their support. It also controls capital allocations in the state and the private sector to balance between keeping enough supporters and extracting more taxes from the private sector. These policies initially generate rapid growth accompanied by declining labor and capital market frictions but in the long run, keep the frictions persistent, which are harmful to growth. The calibrated model can quantitatively account for salient aspects of China's recent development and provide predictions for future dynamics.


The mass spectrometric behaviour of more than 60 different macrocyclic compounds is reviewed in detail with the aim of depicting general fragmentation pathways, well-related to the different structural classes. In general, the electron-ionization-induced decomposition is characterized by the ejection of single molecules characteristic of the macrocycle. [M + H]+ and [M/2 + H]+ ions are always encountered due to the intrinsic basicity of such molecules.


The integrated design of products requires that tradeoffs be made between many design requirements. Environmental and health impacts resulting from the production, use, recycling and disposal of consumer products are increasingly perceived as a product design issue. As a result, there has been a concerted research effort to develop procedures and tools to quantify environmental impact. This effort has focused on assessing the effects of products and their predefined life-cycles using static inventory data. However, environmental impact is often dependent upon time-dependent factors such as emission rates and material concentrations. A method has been developed for calculating the time-dependent resource flows required to meet the demand placed on a product's life-cycle. The approach defines a generalized process module which is used to model the various components of a product's life-cycle network. Mathematical models are embedded within the process module to specify the relationship between its input and output flows. Numerical simulation is used to calculate the resource flows throughout a life-cycle network in response to a user-specified demand function. The generality of the process module allows sections of a network to be embedded within larger modules, thus facilitating the re-use of network sections in other product life-cycles. An example is presented to illustrate the implementation of the model and to validate its operation. The research presented is part of an ongoing effort to develop a framework for integrated product design. A second example shows the use of this framework to create an integrated tool to design enclosures for electronic components. The modularized design tool considers electromagnetic radiation, heat transfer, environmental impact, cost and geometric interference in the evaluation of the enclosure. In addition to investigating the relationships inherent in the problem, the tool is used to optimize the design. The modular life-cycle method is intended to be integrated into this type of design tool. However, limitations in the current implementation prevent it from being fully utilized. Suggestions are provided for future work which will increase the flexibility of the life-cycle implementation and expand its application as a design tool.


Five nebulizers for use in ICP-AES were compared. Two of them work at
low pressure, a Meinhard and a V-groove nebulizer (VGN), and three at high
pressure, a single-bore high-pressure pneumatic nebulizer (SBHPPN), a
hydraulic high-pressure nebulizer and a thermospray (TN). The comparison
was made using three solvents, water, ethanol and butan-1-ol, using the
sample uptake rate (
 Q

 l
) as a variable and studying its
influence on drop size distribution, analyte transport rate and analytical
behaviour, i.e.
, emission intensity and limits of detection
(LODs). The sample introduction system includes a desolvation unit. The
Sauter mean diameters of the primary aerosols generated by the
high-pressure nebulizers (HPNs) are between 1.5 and 5.8 times lower than
those generated by the low-pressure nebulizers (LPNs), this reduction
being more noticeable at high liquid flow rates. In addition, at high
liquid flow rates, HPNs achieve higher analyte transport rates (between
2.4 and 19 times higher), higher emission signals (up to 1.8 times for
methanol and up to 4.5 times for water, using the Mn II 257.610 nm line)
and lower LODs for nine elements than the LPNs. Among HPNs, the SBHPPN
gives rise to the best results at low Q

 l

(
 i.e.
, 0.6 ml min
 -1
), whereas at high

 Q

 l
 (
 i.e.
, 1.2 ml min
 -1
) the
results are similar for all three HPNs when using methanol and butan-1-ol.
With water, at high Q

 l
, the TN gives the best results.
For all the nebulizers tested, organic solvents (methanol and butan-1-ol)
provide better results than water, the relative improvement being more
important for LPNs (
 e.g.
, with VGN at 1.2 ml
min
 -1
, the improvement with methanol over water for Mn II
is around sixfold) than for HPNs (
 e.g.
, when SBHPPN is used at
1.2 ml min
 -1
 for Mn II this improvement is
4.5-fold).


The article investigates four fictional accounts of the complications involved in providing dependency care for one with a compromised mind—difficulties the authors knew well due to their father's decision to keep his alcohol- and opium-addicted son Branwell at home instead of institutionalizing him. Charlotte and Anne create fictional heroes who struggle to compassionately manage individuals dealing with drug addiction, mental illness, and cognitive disability, while Emily indicts the domestic sphere in the creation of such conditions.


Fuxian Lake is a plateau-based freshwater lake. In recent ten years, with the rapid development of the economy around the lake, the water quality of Fuxian Lake has declined and the nutritional status in lake has increased obviously. To identify the main sources of pollution in Fuxian lake and provide a reference for the protection and management direction and theoretical guidance, the pollution status of Fuxian Lake basin was analyzed and evaluated from the aspects of rural domestic pollution, farmland runoff pollution, urban domestic pollution, phosphorous chemical pollution and tourism pollution, respectively, based on years of field investigation and the indexes detection and analysis such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, total phosphorus. The results showed that the pollution in Fuxian Lake basin mainly came from the rural non-point source pollution, urban domestic pollution, waste phosphate rock area pollution, tourism pollution and other aspects, among which the most important source of pollution was the rural non-point source pollution, including watershed village pollution, human and animal excrement pollution, rural waste pollution, and farmland runoff pollution in the basin. The COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus from rural non-point source pollution accounted for 94.81%, 94.85% and 87.79% of the total pollution into the lake, respectively. Among them, the farmland runoff pollution was the most important component of rural non-point source pollution


This work examines the oxidation of a well-characterized, high-octane-number FACE (fuel for advanced combustion engines) F gasoline. Oxidation experiments were performed in a jet-stirred reactor (JSR) for FACE F gasoline under the following conditions: pressure, 10 bar; temperature, 530–1250 K; residence time, 0.7s; equivalence ratios, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0. Detailed species profiles were achieved by identification and quantification from gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Four surrogates, with physical and chemical properties that mimic the real fuel properties, were used for simulations, with a detailed gasoline surrogate kinetic model. Fuel and species profiles were well-captured and -predicted by comparisons between experimental results and surrogate simulations. Further analysis was performed using a quantities of interest (QoI) approach to show the differences between experimental and simulation results and to evaluate the gasoline surro...


Cognitive restructuring is a well-established mental health technique for amending automatic thoughts, which are distorted and biased beliefs about a situation, into objective and balanced thoughts. Since virtual agents can be used anytime and anywhere, they are expected to perform cognitive restructuring without being influenced by medical infrastructure or patients' stigma toward mental illness. Unfortunately, since the quantitative analysis of human-agent interaction is still insufficient, the effect on the user's cognitive state remains unclear. We collected interaction data between virtual agents and users to observe the mood improvements associated with changes in automatic thoughts that occur in user cognition and addressed the following two points: (1) implementation of a virtual agent that helps a user identify and evaluate automatic thoughts; (2) identification of the relationship between a user's facial expressions and the extent of the mood improvement subjectively felt by users during the human-agent interaction. We focus on these points because cognitive restructuring by a human therapist starts by identifying automatic thoughts and seeking sufficient evidence to find balanced thoughts (evaluation of automatic thoughts). Therapists also use such non-verbal behaviors as facial expressions to detect changes in a user's mood, which is an important indicator for guidance. Based on the results of this analysis, we provide a technical guidance framework that fully automates the identification and evaluation of automatic thoughts to achieve a virtual agent that can interact with users by taking into account their verbal and non-verbal behaviors in face-to-face situations. This research supports the possibility of improving the effectiveness of mental health care in cognitive restructuring using virtual agents.


ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes and its risk factors among French Caribbean adults. This cross-sectional study included 18–74-year olds (N = 2252; 56.5 percent women) who underwent a heath examination in Guadeloupe during July–December 2014. Diabetes was defined as using antidiabetic treatment, or fasting glucose ≥7 mmol/l, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5 percent; diabetes control was defined as HbA1c < 7 percent. Multilevel logistic regression was used. Diabetes prevalence was 8.2 percent for women and 5 percent for men (age-adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for women = 2.0; 95 percent confidence interval [CI]: 1.4–2.9). The proportion of women with diabetes who were aware of it was 84.5 versus 67.3 percent in men (aOR = 2.7; 95 percent CI: 1.2–6.2). Nearly, all diagnosed participants were being treated. In less than a third of diabetics in both sexes was diabetes control obtained. Most women (55.3 percent) had a waist circumference at or above the National Cholesterol Education Program thresholds versus 14 percent of men (aOR = 9.3; 95 percent CI: 7.5–11.7), which wholly accounted for excess diabetes in women. In women, obesity and diabetes were associated with low education and income. In this French Caribbean sample, abdominal obesity and diabetes affected more women. Diabetes was rarely controlled. A comprehensive women's health policy for the prevention of abdominal obesity and diabetes is needed.


Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Tongxinbao pill on plasma concentrationof 8-iso-prostaglandinF2a and sCD40L in serum of patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS).MethodsEighty-three patients with ACS were randomly divided into the treated group(n=42) and the controlgroup (n=41).Conventional treatment was given to both groups,and one Tongxinbao pill (135g/d were)given additionally to the treated group,the treatment course for both groups was 28 days.The plasmaconcentration of 8-iso-prostaglandinF2a and sCD40L in patients Lasted for before and after treatmentwere determined with ELISA method and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELA) respectively.ResultsThe total curative effect in the treated group were significantly higher than that in the control group(P0.01).The plasma levels of 8-ISO-PGF2a and sCD40L in ACS patients were significant lower thanbefore treatment after treatment (P0.01),the reduction in the treatment group was more significantthan that in the control group (P0.05).Conclusion The effect of Tongxinbao pill on ACS patientsmay relate to its action in down-regulating the expression of 8-ISO-PGF2a,alleviating the immunereponse and inflammatory injury of coronary system induced by cytokines.


The Habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) is recognized worldwide for its unique organoleptic characteristics, as well as for its capsaicin content; however, other bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds with bioactive properties (mainly antioxidant capacity), have been extracted (ultrasound) and identified in this fruit. Moreover, the extracts obtained by ultrasound present a high sensitivity to environmental conditions, making spray drying a viable option to avoid the degradation of bioactive compounds while maintaining their properties after microencapsulation. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize spray-drying conditions such as the inlet temperature (IT) and maltodextrin:extract (M:E) ratio. Thus, the objective of this work was to establish the optimal spray-drying conditions (IT and M:E) of a Habanero pepper extract with a final characterization of the spray-dried product. Results showed that the optimal spray-drying conditions included an IT = 148 °C with an M:E = 0.8:1 w/w, where the antioxidant capacity (38.84 ± 0.22% inhibition), total polyphenol content (6.64 ± 0.08 mg Gallic acid equivalent/100 g powder), and several individual polyphenols, such as Protocatechuic acid (26.97 mg/100 g powder), Coumaric acid (2.68 mg/100 g powder), Rutin (18.01 mg/100 g powder), Diosmetin (1.74 mg/100 g powder), and Naringenin (0.98 mg/100 g powder), were evaluated. The microcapsules showed a spherical shape with concavities and moisture less than 5%, and the inclusion of bioactive compounds was confirmed using UPLC and FTIR. The final dried product has the potential to be used as an ingredient for functional food development.


Provided that any industry specified in the Schedule and located in an area other than a rural area and recognized as a village industry at any time before the commencement of the Khadi and Village Industries Commission (Amendment) Act, 1987 shall, notwithstanding anything contained in the subclause, continue to be a village industry under this Act; Provided further that in the case of any industry located in a hilly area, the provisions of this subclause shall have effect as if for the words "one lakh rupees", the words "one lakh and fifty thousand rupees" had been substituted.


IGEL is a new shape modeling tool mimicking heat cutters for 3D computer graphics. Heat cutter is a tool for processing styrene form. Since blades of cutters are steal wires, user can freely bend them. IGEL realizes this operation by a sketch input system. IGEL has two different modes, 2D and 3D modes, and users can switch them freely. In 2D mode, users can draw the shapes of cutters freely. In 3D mode, users can cut the styrene forms using their own cutters. Our implementation represents the styrene forms as triangular meshes, and cuts the meshes according to the user's operation. This paper describes the processing flow of IGEL, shows examples, and discusses our future works.


The Haţeg region of Transylvania-Romania, known as the "Haţeg Country", due to its specific character as a region wholly encircled by mountains, has been renowned for over a century for its palaeontological geosites from which dinosaur bones of several species, dinosaur eggs and hatchlings, were unearthed along with numerous other taxa representative of all the major vertebrate groups: fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. The region illustrates the phenomenon of "insular dwarfism", linked to the lengthy persistence of animals in isolated habitats. Palaeontological research in the region took place across two periods, separated by a 50-year gap in which no systematic studies were carried out. The first, closely associated with Franz Nopcsa, spanned between 1897 and 1929; the second period, begun in 1977, continues to this day. The main achievements of these two periods are briefly presented. After 1990, the region also became a centre for geoconservation, incorporating a complex activity of research, protection and valorisation of existing dinosaur sites, under the tutelage of geologists from the University of Bucharest. These efforts led to UNESCO recognizing the region as the "Haţeg Country Dinosaurs Geopark" in 2005. Afterwards, it became a leading centre for geoeducation and geotourism in Romania. Here, we discuss the roles played in this achievement by enduring scientific research in the fields of geology and palaeontology across the region, the efforts for the geoconservation of the fossiliferous sites and not least local authorities' involvement and cooperation.


The theory of regionalized variables has been used in Chile and Argentina on the Atlantic side of the Andes in the study of reservoir locations in the onshore part of the Magellan basin to gain information that may be useful in exploration elsewhere in the basin. Practical utility of the method of regionalized variables is shown in a study of the Cullen field of the Magellan basin. Within this complex productive area it is possible to differentiate between areas having high or low probabilities of success for the discovery of oil. Techniques used include universal kriging, an estimation procedure for grid generation in automatic contouring, and drift analysis. The drift is an estimate of a slowly varying spatial component such as that usually studied by trend-surface anal sis. Provided the assumptions of the theory are met, estimates of the form of the mapped surface are unbiased with minimum estimation variance. Most importantly, the methods yield an estimate of the possible error at every point on a map.


This article argues that #MeToo posts are transgressive and can be understood as a case of confessional discourse that has the potential to empower women around the world rather than inspiring shame. Due to its public nature, #MeToo also challenges existing frameworks for understanding sexual relationships in the United States. This critical discourse analysis of the response to the #MeToo movement over 9 months (2017–2018) on the Reddit community AskReddit surfaced fears about how the movement is redefining normal sexual behavior. By inventorying the knowledge claims produced across four question and answer comment threads, important shifts in subject positions and discursive frames show that under the guise of inclusive rhetoric and expert discourse, many Reddit respondents fear their past behavior will be reconstituted as abusive. Rape myths also appeared in the discourse as a backlash against the #MeToo movement.


Newspapers in modern times of China had obvious political party characteristic,even commercial newspapers and allied newspapers went near to or turned into political party newspapers voluntarily or unwillingly.This article analyses the causes and the effects from history and culture.The newspapers in modern times of China undertook the "save life" task as soon as they were born.Publishing newspapers was thought as a important way of undertake political activity.So the first news persons stressed excessively the characteristic that newspapers were weapons of political campaign. It was reasonable at that time. But any other functions of the medium would be impaired if the medium undertook the declaration function and intrevered in political campaign excessively.So, the news career of China have alreadly deviated partly the track of the information transmission and been impressed "the Chinese characteristic" since its initial stage.This original malposition has always affected deeply the practical and theorial direction of the news career in China.


To cater the need of growing astronomical community of India, there is a proposal to install 10-12m size optical-NIR telescope, equipped with state of the art back-end instruments . A telescope of this size is possible only, when primary mirror is made of smaller mirror segments. In order to get acquainted with segmented mirror telescope technology, at Indian Institute of Astrophysics Bangalore, we have initiated a project to develop a small prototype telescope made of small mirror segments. The proposed prototype telescope will use seven hexagonal mirrors, which will be supported by simple mirror support assembly and driven by indigenously developed voice coil based actuators. We also plan to make use of in-house developed inexpensive inductive edge sensor, which can precisely sense inter-segment relative displacement. The telescope mount is supposed to be Alt-Az and secondary mirror will be supported by trusses made of steel. The primary axes like elevation, azimuth and field de-rotator will be driven by direct drive motors. Though the primary objective of this telescope is to demonstrate the segmented mirror technology, however, we have designed the telescope in such way that it can also be used to a few dedicated science cases. The telescope is planned to be installed at Hanle, Ladakh India which is also a potential site for India's large telescope project. In this paper, we will present the progress made in opto-mechanical design as well development of other sub-systems required for the PSMT. The prototyping effort is one step toward realization of a large telescope in India and it is expected to be completed in two years period.


Because effective control measures are lacking, tea leaf spot caused by Didymella segeticola results in huge tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] production losses on tea plantations in Guizhou Province, southernwest China. Screening for natural anti-microbial agents with higher control effects against this pathogen and studying their modes of action may contribute to disease management. Here, Penicillium griseofulvum-derived antimicrobial griseofulvin (GSF) can inhibit the hyphal growth of D. segeticola strain GZSQ-4, with a half-maximal effective concentration of 0.37 μg/ml in vitro and a higher curative efficacy at a lower dose of 25 μg/ml for detached tea twigs. GSF induces deformed and slightly curly hyphae with enlarged ends, with protoplasts agglutinated in the hyphae, and higher numbers of hyphal protuberances. GSF altered hyphal morphology and the subcellular structure's order. The integrated transcriptome and proteome data revealed that the transport of materials in cells, cellular movement, and mitosis were modulated by GSF. Molecular docking indicated that beta-tubulin was the most potent target of GSF, with a binding free energy of -13.59 kcal/mol, and microscale thermophoresis indicated that the Kd value of GSF binding to beta-tubulin 1, compared with beta-tubulin 2, was significantly lower. Thus, GSF potentially targets beta-tubulin 1 to disturb the chromosomal separation and fungal mitosis, thereby inhibiting hyphal growth.


In the last couple of years, an advanced model of language instruction integrating language and content (e.g., content and language integrated learning [CLIL]) has been increasingly popular in second language (L2) classrooms in Japan. However, the effectiveness and feasibility of the method have not been fully examined in terms of L2 development and school curriculum policies. Based on the paper presented in a graduate course "Content-Based L2 Learning" at McGill University, this paper will initially demonstrate the characteristics of content and language integrated programs (e.g., CLIL, CBLT). Then the current educational policies of Japanese government and immersion and bilingual programs at secondary school level and university level will be examined. Finally, by proposing instructional models to implement content and language effectively in L2 classrooms, benefits and concerns regarding the implementation of such kind of programs will be discussed.


Objection:To study the yield and quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza bge.var.alba inctroducted from Shandong Laiwu,planted in Hunan province.Method:Salvia miltiorrhiza bge and S.miltiorrhiza bge.var.alba were planted samely,and the number,size,weight of two plant′s radix were counted.The content of tanshinone ⅡA and salvianolic acid B were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),microscopic characters of transverse section of radix were studied.Result:The content of chemical constituent accorded with the standard of pharmacopoeia,the yield of S.miltiorrhiza bge.var.alba was higher significiently.Microscopic characters of transverse section of two plants showed significient difference.Conclusion:S.miltiorrhiza bge.var.alba as a high qulity S.miltiorrhiza bge resource was fitted to plant in Hunan province for future development.


Recently, there has been a need to carry out work on deepening the pipeline (plunging) in some areas, where the depth of pipeline location was found to be inconsistent with the relevant standards. That is, pipelines during operation can be partially opened as a result of soil erosion, and they also tend to lose stability as a result of various factors (pressure, temperature, soil water content, etc.) and rise up (float). Also, the facts of laying pipelines in the process of their construction not to the design marks are known, due to the "low" construction conduct, that is, when the pipeline in some sections was in a trench, the depth of which did not correspond to the project. Further operation of such pipelines may be under the threat of the pipeline coming to the surface and mechanical damage to the insulation and the pipe body. Therefore, to ensure reliable operation of the pipeline, which has got raised sections, it is necessary to lower these sections to the design marks. To do this, it is necessary to develop equipmentand technology for repair work of this type. Therefore, the article considers two options for post-trenchingpipelines: lowering under its own weight without supporting and lowering with the maintenance of the pipeline by a supporting machine. For both methods of plunging, the stress-strain state of the pipeline was simulated during its lowering to the design level on the created mathematical model. An algorithm for calculating the geometric parameters of work performance, determining the stress state and checking the strength of the pipeline has been proposed.


Violent deaths are potentially damaging events that often require adaptive strategies by the family of the victims. This study presents the coping strategies used during the first 12 months of mourning, by mothers and siblings of eight young men who lost their lives due to homicide in Brazil's Federal District. Eight mothers and five siblings answered the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WAYS) and a semi-structured interview with questions about coping. The results show a convergence between the two instruments regarding the main strategy adopted by participants – i.e., practices focused on religiosity and wishful thinking. Problem-centered strategies and denial of death were other adaptive resources used by families. The results indicate the need to build policies in order to expand the social support network available to these families in the context of their loss.