The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) estimates approximately 21,000 lung cancer deaths are attributable to radon exposure (U.S. EPA, 2003). This number is approximately seven times greater than the number of lung cancer deaths due to secondhand smoke exposure and about twice as many deaths caused by drunk drivers (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015; Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility, 2013; National Cancer Institute, 2012). Despite these startling statistics, very few programs are in place to monitor or evaluate indoor radon levels in homes and public buildings in the U.S. Since radon gas is colorless, odorless, and tasteless, testing is the only way to determine its presence (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry [ATSDR], 2012; U.S. EPA, 2003; U.S. Geological Survey, 1993). When testing reveals levels greater than 4 picocuries per liter (pCi/L), mitigation is recommended by U.S. EPA and several effective strategies for reducing indoor radon levels exist (American Association of Radon Scientists and Technologists, 2014; U.S. EPA, 2010). Given the absence of a national program for radon surveillance and the ubiquitous nature of radon gas, we have undertaken a series of activities to understand the extent to which indoor radon may be a risk for Americans, specifically for children attending public schools, in hopes of increasing awareness about the importance of radon testing.

In 2013, we began a study of the scope and extent of regular and standard radon testing programs in schools across the nation. We learned that many states have active radon testing and mitigation programs. For example, in the last eight years New Jersey has tested 1,705 (51%) public schools (New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, 2014). We also learned, however, that laws and regulations for reducing radon in schools were scarce (Bernstein, 2013). Additionally, we were surprised to uncover the variations in requirements among different laws. Since our original inquiries, some states have lost funding to support their legislation. Other states have added language in support of testing or radon-resistant new construction practices (Environmental Law Institute, 2014). Policies for radon testing in schools and radon-resistant new construction continue to be uncommon and moving targets.

As part of this effort we reached out to all state programs we believed to be engaged in radon testing in schools. As a result of our inquiries we were able to partner with many of these states. These partnerships provided us radon results from testing conducted in schools. Florida's comprehensive radon testing program provided both residential and school testing results. Therefore, we analyzed 13 years (1990–2012) of indoor radon test results from both residential homes and schools. In Florida no counties are designated U.S. EPA Radon Zone 1 ("predicted average indoor radon screening level greater than 4 pCi/L") and only nine counties are designated U.S. EPA Radon Zone 2 ("predicted average indoor radon screening level between 2 and 4 pCi/L") (U.S. EPA, 2012). Regardless, 10,780 (18.4%) residential radon tests and 335 (8.9%) schools had results greater than 4 pCi/L, U.S. EPA's action level. Additionally, we explored the spatial relationship between schools and residences with test results greater than 4 pCi/L. Using circular buffers of a quarter mile, half mile, one mile, and three miles we examined the number of schools with >4 pCi/L test results within each buffer distance category of a residence with >4 pCi/L results. For each of these distances a statistically significant and strong association exists between residential test results and school radon test results. For schools located within a quarter mile of residences with test results above U.S. EPA's action level an odds ratio (OR) of 2.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0, 4.0) exists; that is, if a school is located within a quarter mile of a residential radon test result above the U.S. EPA's action level, that school has almost a threefold increased odds of having an indoor radon level greater than 4 pCi/L. At a half mile, the OR = 2.3 (95% CI 1.8, 3.0); at one mile, the OR = 2.1 (95% CI 1.7, 2.5); and at three miles, the OR = 1.4 (95% CI 1.2, 1.6). We continue to acquire residential and school data to confirm the validity of this spatial relationship in other states.

To further our awareness efforts we are partnering with an elementary school in metropolitan Atlanta to pilot outreach activities. In Georgia, the four metropolitan counties of Cobb, DeKalb, Fulton, and Gwinnett are the only counties in the state designated U.S. EPA Radon Zone 1. For this project we are preparing an overview of radon, for third and fifth grade students, that includes information about radon and its effects, how radon enters buildings, testing for radon, and mitigation strategies to reduce indoor radon levels, if necessary. Additionally, we plan to provide test kits for all students participating in the lesson and kits to test for indoor radon in participating classrooms. The outreach will culminate with a follow-up lesson exploring the test result data through basic statistics, GIS visualization, and spatial analysis. Our hope is these outreach activities will result in a new generation cognizant of issues associated with radon exposure. Furthermore, we hope the children will share this information with their guardians to motivate voluntary residential radon testing.

We are also developing two products to supplement our research efforts: an activity/ coloring book and a series of state-specific radon fact sheets. The activity/coloring book will share information about radon appropriate for young audiences. For a more comprehensive understanding of potential radon exposure, we are developing a series of state-specific radon fact sheets that will present demographic information describing the population potentially at risk for indoor radon exposure by county. Additionally, the state fact sheet will include an overview of schools, student and teacher populations, and number of occupied households located in U.S. EPA Radon Zone 1, as well as a map of each state reflecting the U.S. EPA Radon Zones. We anticipate both products being available online later this year.

Eliminating exposure to indoor radon can significantly reduce future lung cancer morbidity. By applying spatial analysis techniques, we anticipate gaining a greater understanding of the relationship between residential test results and indoor radon level in schools. We hope that our research, outreach, and educational products will increase awareness of the importance of radon testing and radon-resistant new construction practices. Additionally, we anticipate these efforts will result in a new generation aware of the impact of radon exposure, empowered to protect their future health.


The constitutional development of Nigeria which started under the British occupation has been marked by two fundamental principles: the decision to set the political evolution of the country on a federal basis, and the effort, far less successful, to integrate the traditional institutions into a modern political system. This second principle will be the subject of this article, which I hope will also shed some light on the complex relationships between tradition and modernity, and thus show the importance of 'primordial loyalties' in political life.


Saitama Super Arena is a composite building which serves as a spectator venue for enjoying music, sports, exhibitions and other events, and also as a commercial space that creates a lively urban area. The moving block, which incorporates spectator seating, shops and rest rooms, is 41.5 m high and weighs approximately 15 000 t. By moving horizontally by up to 70 m it enables Saitama Super Arena to serve a much wider range of purposes, ranging from an arena space for approximately 22 500 seats to a full 36 500-seater stadium. In the case of the arena mode, the seating space can be changed to provide about 6000 seats by using curtain-like partition membranes stored in the ceiling. A community area, available in the arena mode, is an open space that lets in natural light and air and is intended for use for local events. The arena space is suitable for musical events and indoor sports such as basketball and tennis, while the stadium accommodates large-scale concerts, trade fairs and, with the addition of artificial turf, even American football.


A public water and sewer utility is created to develop safe, reliable and financially self-supporting potable water and sanitary sewage systems which will meet the water and sewerage needs of the areas served by the utility; to ensure that existing and future utility facilities are constructed, operated and managed at the least possible cost to the users without outside subsidies; and to develop a system that is compatible with the area's future growth. To gain efficiencies in operation, these new facilities must be developed in accordance with the latest technical and professional standards to protect the health, safety, and welfare of the citizens served now or in the future. Hence a utility must construct new pipelines, pump stations and other infrastructure, whether that infrastructure is for growth, to improve existing service, or to replace infrastructure that has reached the end of its useful, economic, and/or physical life. In established or stable communities, the replacement of existing infrastructure, where it is no longer economical to operate, is deteriorated to a point where replacement is more cost effective than repairs due to wear, neglect or environmental conditions, or where the infrastructure no longer serves its intended purpose or meets regulatory standards, must be pursued. As a result, many established utilities have capital plans that contain many such replacement projects. The question is how much investment should be made. The intent of this paper is to evaluate investment in infrastructure made by public water and sewer utility systems. What was found among the utilities in Florida that were evaluated was that more than half are underinvesting in their infrastructure. Some are not investing at all although more research is needed because it appears that many utilities make large investments periodically as opposed to using pay-as-you-go methods. Large scale investments like bond issues impact rates. Economies-of-scale remain for large utilities. Smaller utilities compete with larger ones to control rates. The data gathered indicates that utilities are underfunded, and under-invested. To reduce potential health risks, this needs to change. At the same time, trends appear to be a key to assess the potential for at risk utilities. Hence a future project would review data for the past 15 - 20 years for trends, identify patterns of altered investments and denote how the 2008 financial crisis changed the utility finances. A road to recapture lost revenues and make the infrastructure more resilient can then be accomplished.


Unlike Cameroon English and Received Pronunciation, Cameroon Francophone English has a number of nasal  and epenthetic vowels. Those nasal vowels are generally French ones, as Cameroon Francophone English is heavily influenced by that language. The epenthetic vowels found in Cameroon Francophone English as in many other non-native Englishes are difficult to explain. Part of the data analysed is drawn from past studies (Safotso 2001, 2006, 2012 & 2015; Kouega 2008). This is complemented by the oral reading of some test words by French-speaking Cameroonian undergraduate/postgraduate students and some speech gathered from debates and interventions on various national TV channels and radio stations. Results show that in Cameroon Francophone English, vowel nasalization and vowel epenthesis occur in specific positions. This paper attempts to show how they operate in that variety of English.


Abstract The microphase separation of the swelling agent in swollen gels due to a change in temperature leads to an increase in deviations of the photoelastic behavior from the theory of Gaussian networks. These departures are reflected in an increase in the parameter C2 of the Mooney-Rivlin equation, particularly in a pronounced increase in the stress-optical coefficient Ce and in its marked dependence on deformation. While the mechanical behavior is affected in a decisive manner by the swollen gel matrix, optical characteristics are mainly influenced by particles of the excluded liquid phase.


This note shows that Machina's (1982) assumption that preferences over lotteries are smooth has some economic implications. We show that Frechet differentiability implies that preferences represent second order risk aversion (as well as conditional second order risk aversion). This implies, among other things, that decision makers buy full insurance only at the absence of marginal loading. We also show that with constant absolute and relative risk aversion, expected value maximization, second order risk aversion, and Frechet differentiability are equivalent.


In order to solve the problem of low action accuracy due to changes of view angles, this paper investigates this issue based on deep learning and K-SVD sparse algorithm. Firstly, the paper extracts the feature maps from the different views by convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long short term memory (LSTM), and the extracted feature maps are the multi-views high-level features with semantic information. Secondly, the paper uses the K-SVD sparse algorithm to get the dictionaries corresponding to each views, the dictionaries have very good sparse representations for the features of the action. Then the softmax classifier is used for classification and recognition. The results show that the accuracy are 89.22% and 91.4% on IXMAS datasets and WVU datasets respectively.


Purpose: The study of effects of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on ripening of bananas is still an important issue for commercial application of 1-MCP on bananas. Research Method: Mature green bananas were treated with ethylene only (100 µL L-1 for two consecutive days) and ethylene the same treatment followed by 1-MCP (300 nL L-1) for 24 h to evaluate the ethylene and 1-MCP effects on ethylene biosynthesis enzyme activities. Ethylene production of whole banana fruit, ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) activities in the pulp and peel of samples were measured. Findings: The result showed that ethylene production rate by the control fruit was significantly greater than the ethylene production rate by the 1-MCP-treated fruit at days 4, 8 and 10. However, changes in ethylene production were similar in both control and 1-MCP-treated bananas. The banana peel and pulp show different patterns of ethylene production during ripening. At the onset of ripening pulp tissues showed higher levels of ACS, and lower levels of ACO activity than peel. Assays of ACO and ACS activities in ethylene-treated fruit showed that the peel had higher levels of ACO activity than the pulp. The ACO and ethylene production were inhibited by 1-MCP treatment whereas ACS increased following 1-MCP application. Research limitations:  Evaluation of ACS and ACO activities during different seasons. Originality/value: Pulp and the peel of bananas respond differently to ethylene and 1-MCP treatment with a greater impact on peel than the pulp. The findings of this study allow 1-MCP to be used in a more commercially reliable manner.


This article discusses the relationship between culture and natural travel resources, which is weak in present research: culture is one of the basic properties of natural travel resources; the social culture influences the motivation of natural travel; it also controls nature appreciation of travelers. Because China is a country with long-history civilization, the relationship between natural travel and traditional culture is closely related. Travelers' consume psychology and actions are influenced deeply by traditional culture. As a result, it's particularly important to develop travel resources according to culture.


With the development of modern educational technology,the multimedia technology has been gradually using in teaching.In recent year,we adopt the method of computer-aided instruction in the teaching of "Surgery of demestic animal",the text,the graphics,the picture,the cartoon drawings and the sound are all in one,the sound-light effect and the interface of interaction can transform student's study from passivity into initiative and make them learn the information from various senses,finally we get a satisfactory results in increasing their study-ing interests and efficiency.This paper mainly expounds the advantages and the applying skill of multimedia technology in the teaching of"Surgery of demestic animal".


The requirements to share geometric shape and analysis information in a large-scale system, especially composite structures, are essential. An emerging standard, the ISO10300 STEP AP209, has been developed to address the data exchange to the design/analysis/manufacturing process. This paper describes the scope, progress and implementation of this effective standards-based solution.


In this article, self-dual codes over p-adic rings Zp∞ = { ∞ l=0 alpl | 0 ≤ al ≤ p - 1} are discussed. By using self-orthogonal codes and self-dual codes of projection codes inZp∞ over Zp∞, we abtain two results on self-orthogonal codes and self-dual codes over p-adic rings Zp∞.


This paper investigates the problem of joint optimization of waveform covariance matrix and antenna position for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar transmit beampattern design. Since the formulated optimization problem of minimization of the mean-square error (MSE) between the designed transmit beampattern and the desired beampattern with respect to waveform covariance matrix R and antenna position p is NP-hard, an iterative method is devised to tackle the resulting problem. Specifically, we first optimize R by the semidefinite quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm for a fixed p, and then update p using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) method for a fixed R. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate that the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The pressure variation in the structural parameters, u and c /a, of the delafossite CuAlO2 is calculated within the local-density approximation LDA. Further, the electronic structures as obtained by different approximations are compared: LDA, LDA+U, and a recently developed "quasiparticle self-consistent GW"QSGW approximation. The structural parameters obtained by the LDA agree very well with experiments but, as expected, gaps in the formal band structure are underestimated as compared to optical experiments. The in LDA too high lying Cu 3d states can be down shifted by LDA+U. The magnitude of the electric field gradient EFG as obtained within the LDA is far too small. It can be "fitted" to experiments in LDA+U but a simultaneous adjustment of the EFG and the gap cannot be obtained with a single U value. QSGW yields reasonable values for both quantities. LDA and QSGW yield significantly different values for some of the band-gap deformation potentials but calculations within both approximations predict that 3R-CuAlO2 remains an indirect-gap semiconductor at all pressures in its stability range 0–36 GPa, although the smallest direct gap has a negative pressure coefficient.


A combination of spin coating and electrospray deposition (ESD) was applied for the fabrication of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with a stacked structure. Two kinds of polymer materials were used to fabricate a multilayered structure. One was poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV; Sigma-Aldrich) and the other was poly[2,5-di(hexyloxy)cyanoterephthalylidene] (CN-PPV; Sigma-Aldrich). With the addition of acetone to polymer material (MEH-PPV and CN-PPV) solution, smaller droplets were produced at the emitter resulting in thin-film fabrication under a dry condition. This condition was adopted for CN-PPV film deposition on MEH-PPV surface made by the spin coating method. The double-layered OLED obtained successfully emitted light at a bias voltage of 15 V. Layer-by-layer stacking of CN-PPV and MEH-PPV was confirmed by the UV-induced fluorescence spectrum. In case of the layer-by-layer structure, the obtained spectrum showed a linear combination of spectrum from MEH-PPV and CN-PPV.


Weed species and native plants occurring in southern Ontario, grown from seed or collected from the field, were exposed in a growth room to natural transmission of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) by the western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis. These plants were assayed for TSWV by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and bioassay on suitable indicators, and thrips reproduction was examined on plants susceptible to TSWV. Of 302 native plant species tested, 113 species representing 35 families were field susceptible to TSWV, 62 species of which are first reported hosts for this virus (...)


Behavioural problems in schools have been a topic of political debate in Denmark recently. The last time the topic was in the news was before the establishing of special educational provisions for pupils with social and emotional disorders in the 1960s. As a result of the recent debate, a national survey was made. It shows that the incidence of serious problems is 10 per cent. Comparisons with earlier studies indicate that there is an increase in behavioural problems during the first years of primary schooling. A multivariate analysis shows that pupils gender, the degree of urbanization, teacher experience and geographical location are significant predictors of disturbance, while school size, class size, teacher age and gender are insignificant.


The time-optimal control of a class of nonlinear singularly perturbed systems possesses the two time-scale property that the optimal control is made of a control in a slow-time scale followed by a control in a fast time-scale. Based on this property a near time-optimal control is defined. Two examples illustrating the computation of the near-optimal control and a simple iterative technique are presented.


The article consists of two parts: One introduces the concept of positioning as a framework for inspecting and relating major tendencies regarding research on writing; the other gives a historic outline of how research on writing in Norway first emerged. The triadic semiotics of Bühler, Bakhtin, Habermas, and Halliday are combined, and then related to the concept of positioning, which is used as a framework for the historical part. A triadic understanding of communication and didactics is outlined for the purpose of studying positioning of research on writing. Reviews of didactics, research, and stil are presented before overall developmental patterns of general tendencies in the early research writing are described. Central parts of the framework and the historical part are finally compared to an overview offered by Nystrand, Green, and Wiemelt.


ABSTRACT This study identifies perceptual differences between the experiences of using an interactive ubiquitous access tourism service (U-tourism service) at a cultural heritage site and on-site participation-driven services. An interactive U-tourism service, "Hwaseong Haenggung Histour", a smart phone application, was developed and implemented for this study. The study found (a) visitors who experienced the U-tourism service showed higher recognition on such dimensions as education, novelty, entertainment and fellowships, regarded as important components of on-site experiences, than those who joined on-site participation-driven services and (b) young visitors who used the interactive U-tourism service recorded higher in the dimensions of both education and novelty than those who joined on-site participation-driven services and showed higher satisfaction. These findings provide strong justification for the introduction of U-tourism services, particularly for young visitors. This study contributes to the understanding of a fast-growing and influential electronic tool for cultural heritage sites.


This paper describes the current status of Phase 2 of the BWR Low Power and Shutdown Accident Frequencies Program being conducted at Sandia National Laboratories for the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The major focus of this phase of the project is a detailed analysis of potential accidents that could occur at Grand Gulf while in Cold Shutdown [Plant Operational State (POS) 5] during a refueling outage. POS 5 was selected for detailed examination based upon the results of the Phase 1 Coarse Screening Analysis, the results of which were presented at the Nineteenth Water Reactor Safety Information Meeting. A summary of the project including results and insights from Phase 2 is presented.


Acoustic streaming caused by a large amplitude resonant oscillation of an ideal gas in a two‐dimensional resonator is numerically studied by solving the system of Navier‐Stokes equations with a finite‐difference method, without the assumption of symmetry of the flow field. The sound field including shock waves is precisely determined, and then, the streaming velocity field is evaluated in terms of a time‐averaged mass flux density vector. We shall demonstrate that, in the case where the amplitude of gas oscillation is moderately large, an asymmetric quasi‐steady streaming is established after more than a thousand of oscillations of sound source.


A theoretical performance analysis is presented for a pulse position modulation system employing an optically preamplified receiver. The results demonstrate that the employment of an optical preamplifier leads to a 14.8 dB improvement over the non-amplified system. The sensitivity of an equivalent OOK NRZ system is calculated to be 110 photons/bit compared to 19 photons/bit for a PPM system employing moderate operating parameters. This represents an improvement of 7.5 dB and furthermore demonstrates that an optically preamplified PPM system can offer receiver sensitivities beyond the fundamental limit of an optically preamplified OOK NRZ system.


IntroductionAt the beginning of the factors that cause the development of communication technologies one needs to control political, administrative and economic formations. To meet these needs, telegraph and telephone have been used primarily. At the same time, to transferring the words without being on wire and cable, radio has emerged. After the radio, inventions like photograph or film were used to solve the needs of modem society and its life style like as curiosity or entertainment.Communication tools which are including in community life were followed by the emergence of television. Television is used to provide for transferring the voice and image to the long distance and today, it's the biggest mass communication tool that affects to people.As the reasons of non-payment of fees for programs, provide to rich alternatives about type of program, entering to homes easily, television was increased its' audience more than more to every year.The aim of this article is to review the role of media on social structure with the sample of sit-coms from humorous perspective. For this purpose, we will try to answer the following questions.With its structure and functioning, situation comedies that to be a media content are in which direction and intensity? How do the situation comedies (sit-coms) as structure and function, change from the socio-cultural point of view? How to compose humorous elements and humorous structure?1. Historical Development Process of Situation ComediesThe origin of first sample to the television comedies are based on until the radio comedy program broadcasted in United States. This is a kind of radio show program that was very common to between in the early 1930s and middle of 1950s. But, before the radio, its origin was based on vaudeville sketch. In the duration of thirty-minute The Benny Show, which was one of the most popular radio program, had a six minute sketch and this was one of the first situation comedy sample in the radio (Neale ve Krutnik: 1994, 214215).1.1 Situation Comedies Starting with Radio Broadcast, Transfer to TelevisionThe successful situation comedies (like 'The Goldbergs,' 'The Life of Riley,' 'The Ardich Family') on radio in America, transferred to television. This comedy programs were the pre-examples of television situation comedies; but the real example of this genre was broadcasted in 1961, its name was 'I Love Lucy.' It was a family comedy. In that, as a result of a bona fide error made by one the characters (usually the main characters) have a disruption of the order (situation); characters want to fix to situation, but it's all mixing; eventually with change or with the help of others the situation become obsolete. This is the basic narrative structure of the comedy. During the years '50s and '60s, America has exhibited a happy family nest in its situation comedies and T Love Lucy' was the most popular one in others. The basic elements of humor were chaos in family. Then, 'The Beverly Hillbillies' which was published in 1962, offered a new world based on the conflict between tradition and innovation, instead of the moral and the static structure. Events began with a family of oil-rich highlander who moved the Beverly Hills and this situation caused a chaotic comedy. In this example, the main source of humor is the life style of family. With 'The Beverly Hillbillies' social change problems were coming on the agenda. With "All in The Family" and "M.A.S.H" that published between the years 1971-79, a new period began to the situation comedies.Topics, characters and funny situations changed in the situation comedies that published in 1970s'. The 50's and 60's middle classes perfect family model (with mother, father and children) left its location to the single-parent family. Taboo subjects such as the image of woman living alone, curettage, homosexuality, impotence or menopause appears on television. The effect of the feminist movement in the 1980s', trigger this change more to more. …


Using the Hartree-Fock approximation, we calculate the energy of different Wigner crystal states for the two-dimensional electron gas of a double quantum well system in a strong magnetic field. Our calculation takes interlayer hopping as well as an in-plane magnetic field into consideration. The ground The ground state at small layer separations is a one-component triangular lattice Wigner state. As the layer separation is increased, the ground state first undergoes a transition to two stacked square lattices, and then undergoes another transition at an even larger layer separation to a two-component triangular lattice. The range of the layer separation at which the two-component square lattice occurs as the ground state shrinks, and eventually disappears, as the interlayer hopping is increased. An in-plane magnetic field induces another phase transition from a commensurate to a incommensurate state, similar to that of $\nu=1$ quantum Hall state observed recently. We calculate the critical value of the in-plane field of the transition and find that the anisotropy of the Wigner state, {\it i.e.,}, the relative orientation of the crystal and the in-plane magnetic field, has a negligible effect on the critical value for low filling fractions. The effect of this anisotropy on the low-lying phonon energy is discussed. A novel exerimental geometry is proposed in which the parallel magnetic field is used to enhance the orientational correlations in the ground state when the crystal is subject toa random potential.


A short-term load forecasting method based on
the modeling by spectrum analysis is put forward in which the
spectrum analysis results of historical load data is used for the
classification of artificial neural network (ANN) modes and the
selection of input variables. In this method the load data is
preprocessed by fast Fourier transform (FFT), the filtration
algorithm and the spectrum analysis of hourly load curve are
used to research the periodical characteristics of power load.
The obtained results show that there are obvious differences
among the spectrum characteristics of the loads in four seasons,
therefore different models and method should be used to
forecast the load in different seasons. The spectrum analysis is
helpful to the extraction of the input variables of the
forecasting scheme for different time intervals. According to
above mentioned idea an ANN based load forecast scheme is
applied in the load forecasting of Guangdong province.
Comparing with the load forecasting results by other widely
used input variables, it is shown that the presented scheme
possesses good performance for short-term load forecasting.


ABSTRACT In 1908 W.N. Kerr, a tee-totalling, non-smoking, vegetarian athlete from Dublin took first place in a 'Best Developed' figure competition. Two years previously, Kerr had written to Vitality magazine, an English physical culture periodical, declaring his interest in building his physique. Kerr, like many other men in England and Ireland, had become enamoured with physical culture, a societal interest in the body as cultivated through diet and exercise. The intervening period between his letter and competition victory saw Kerr submit several letters and photographs to English physical culture magazines. In using Kerr's letters, photographs and interest in physical culture as a microcosm for wider societal trends, the following article argues that Kerr's public interest in physical culture reflected a new kind of masculinity in Ireland understood primarily by the body. Unlike previous studies of Irish masculinity, which have tended to focus on those identities created in reaction or against English stereotypes, the form of masculinity embodied by Kerr was fostered primarily in Great Britain. Britain supplied Ireland with physical culture outlets, books, workout devices and figures to emulate. The kind of masculinity envisioned and embodied by Kerr thus spoke of a masculine archetype free from the nationalist sentiments previously studied by Irish historians.


Background: In situ gamma spectrometry has been used to measure environmental radiation, assumptions are usually made about the depth distribution of the radionuclides of interest in the soil. The main limitation of in situ gamma spectrometry lies in determining the depth distribution of radionuclides. The objective of this study is to develop a method for subsurface characterization by in situ measurement. Materials and Methods: The peak to valley method based on the ratio of counting rate between the photoelectric peak and Compton region was applied to identify the depth distribution. The peak to valley method could be applied to establish the relation between the spectrally derived coefficients (Q) with relaxation mass per unit area (β) for various depth distribution in soil. The in situ measurement results were verified by MCNP simulation and calculated correlation equation. In order to compare the depth distributions and contamination levels in decommissioning KRR site, in situ measurement and sampling results were compared. Results and Discussion: The in situ measurement results and MCNP simulation results show a good correlation for laboratory measurement. The simulation relationship between Q and source burial for the source layers have exponential relationship for a variety depth distributions. We applied the peak to valley method to contaminated decommissioning KRR site to determine a depth distribution and initial activity without sampling. The observed results has a good correlation, relative error between in situ measurement with sampling result is around 7% for depth distribution and 4% for initial activity. Conclusion: In this study, the vertical activity distribution and initial activity of Cs could be identifying directly through in situ measurement. Therefore, the peak to valley method demonstrated good potential for assessment of the residual radioactivity for site remediation in decommissioning and contaminated site.


As far as standard measures of income inequality are concerned, the Nordic countries rank among the most equal economies in the world. This paper studies whether and how this picture changes when the focus is on inequality of income composition, meaning the heterogeneity in individuals' factor income shares. We highlight the structural change taking place in all the Nordic countries since the early 1990s, with rising inequality in composition of individual incomes due mostly to a shift in capital incomes towards the top of the distribution. We link this result to changes in taxation of factor incomes, by highlighting the role played by the introduction of Dual Income Taxation reforms in the 1990s throughout the Nordic countries. Our estimates of the degree of income composition inequality allow a descriptive analysis of the role of functional distribution as a determinant of personal income inequality in the Nordics. We show that for Denmark in the period 2009 - 2013, Finland 1990 - 2007, and Norway 1991 - 2005, rising capital shares of income contributed to changes in personal income inequality, whilst for Sweden the evidence leads to disregard the capital share as a determinant of income inequality.


The optical absorption spectrum and magnetic properties of Nd2 Mg3 (NO3)12·24H2O have been interpreted in the light of crystalline field theory, using intermediate coupling calculations within each level of the free Nd3+ ion. A field of C3v symmetry has been used to account successfully for most of the observed crystal field energy levels and their Zeeman splittings. The possibility of using icosahedral symmetry as an approximation has also been investigated.


gastric lesion. Th e patient did not have risk factors for an immunocompromised state and he was not taking steroids. Th e CT was adequate to rule out a malignancy that could cause a paraneoplastic process. Th is presentation is typical for mucosal pemphigus in that only desmoglein 3 titers were elevated. Th is case is a unique description of esophageal pemphigus without involvement of other mucosal or skin surfaces presenting as melena.


This study is devoted to stone artefacts made from raw materials that are valued for their hardness, tenacity, and texture. They were often ground, and some tools from this category were themselves used for grinding. In addition to shaping artefacts, they were employed in processing of food, crushing minerals and ores, or as parts of digging sticks. Changes in their functional composition generally signal significant subsistence, economic and social changes. As our research focuses on the Sahel region, which has undergone complex formative processes connected with climate change and radical transformation of living conditions, it is necessary to test diverse approaches to utilizing the information potential of finds from this region. The studied artefacts come from Mesolithic (~9000–5000 cal BC) and Early Neolithic (~5000–3800 cal BC) settlements in the western part of Jebel Sabaloka in central Sudan. We focus on two assemblages from surface collection at the sites of Sphinx (Mesolithic) and Fox Hill (Mesolithic and Early Neolithic). We first provide a critical review of core studies of ground stone artefacts from the region and propose a unified basic terminology. Subsequently, we present a new classification and description system and highlight certain variables which are important to track at the sites. Among other things, our conclusions indicate that although changes occur in the settlement system and domesticated animals appear in the study region in the fifth millennium BC, these changes are reflected neither in the quantity nor in any substantial way in the morphometric characteristics of ground stone artefacts as was the case, for instance, in the Near East.


Production performance of Jakhrana goats was evaluated under semi-intensive and extensive system of management in its home tract. Data on production parameters from 229 goats and on reproduction traits from 318 goats belonging to 77 farmers of Jakhrana and it's surrounding 8 villages were collected. Goats were reared under extensive system (64%) and semi intensive (36%) system of management. The average body weight at birth, 3, 6 and 12 months were 2.54±0.11, 12.28±1.50, 16.47±1.89 and 25.30±3.01 kg respectively. The average milk yield and lactation length were 152.87±2.69 kg and 143.0±3.2 days in semi intensive system and 107.39±2.11 kg and 118.0±2.3 days in extensive system of management. The average age at first kidding, kidding interval and twinning rate were 561.24±9.83 days, 287.78±9.89 days, and 1.54±10.16 days in semi-intensive, and 632.3S±7.83 days, 332.86±9.34 days and 1.32±0.16 in extensive management system respectively. Significantly higher performance with respect to body weight of kids, milk yield, kidding interval and prolificacy was observed for does reared under semi-intensive system of management.


Objective To evaluate the clinical value of vertebra bone mineral density(BMD) measurement by quantitative computed tomography(QCT) for diagnosing osteoporosis.The relationship of age and sexuality with the incidence of osteoporosis was analyzed.Methods A total 597 middle old ages of healthy asymptomatic were measured by QCT.There were 356 males and 241 females,at age range of 30~89 years old.Groups were divided according to age and sexuality,every ten years was a phase.The intermediate of lumbar spine(L_1~L_4) were located and scanned by QCT in parallel vertebra body.Results The BMD of middle old ages declined obviously with aging.The incidence rates of osteoporosis for female were respectively 54.05% between 50~59 years old,81.81% between 60~69 years old,94.74% between 70~79 years old,100% between 80~89 years old.But for male they were separately 25% between 50~59 years old,50% between 60~69 years old,64.52% between 70~79 years old,90.91% between 80~89 years old.Conclusion As a method for diagnosing osteoporosis,QCT is highly sensitive,precise,reproducible and is easily applied.The incidence of osteoporosis is positively related with age.It is obviously higher in female than in male.


Petamburan is a sub-district of Jakarta, Indonesia's capital city, and it has been a center of attention in Indonesia because of the growth and movement of the Islamic Front Defenders (Front Pembela Islam: FPI) within it. Before the FPI was officially banned by the Indonesian government on December 30, 2020, all of its activities and controversies performed in the name of Islam and its leader had become a main attraction for Indonesia's mainstream media. This impacts Petamburan, which is described as a conflict-prone area in terms of social and religious factors. However, the image of Petamburan from the mass media does not describe the depth of its social reality. This research proposed a core hypothesis that the Petamburan people have deep riches of social harmony in terms of religion, race, and social factors. This study used a social interaction approach and analysis that focused on interactions in the actual public spheres in Petamburan. The final result was a picture of social and religious tolerance from the wide social diversity in the Petamburan community as a form of harmonious and inclusive social life in Indonesia.
Keywords: social interaction, religion, public sphere, virtual space, FPI


Seen from the perspective of power balance,the judicial identification procedure is not only the process of exercising power and enjoying rights,but is the guarantee of the restriction to the abuse of public power.The procedure is the tenor of the constitutional rights,and a reasonable,lawful exercise of public power must depend on the procedure of justice;the abuse of this power free from procedural justice will do damage to disputes result and the authority of the law enforcement agencies and thus also to the dignity of law itself.


This paper presents a new way to combine two different approaches of artificial intelligence looking for the best path in a graph, ant colony optimization and Bayesian networks. The main objective is to develop a learning management system which will have the capability of adapting the learning path to the learnerpsilas needs in execution time, taking into account the pedagogical weight of each learning unit and the systempsilas social behavior.


Abstract : The objectives of the study were to find out the mean differences of the students' learning outcomes of the experimental class and the control class, and to find out which of the higher mathematics learning outcomes of the students in the experimental class and control class. The research population of the students of class VIII odd semester of SMP N 1 Kalirejo in the academic year 2015-2016. The sample of this research is taken by cluster random sampling technique. Learning results obtained through tests with 5 items about the essay. Data analysis was done by normality test, homogeneity test. The samples are normally distributed and homogeneous, followed by t-test. From the result of data analysis, it is obtained the average of learning result of math student of experimental class 77,52 and control class 70,64. Conclusion There is difference of mean of result of learning of student mathematics in experiment class and control class. And the average result of the students' learning of math experiment class is bigger than the average of mathematics learning result of the control class student. Keywords : Learning, inquiry with media pawer point


Introduction Most ectopic pregnancies are tubal pregnancies. They are potentially life-threatening conditions with a high mortality rate if unrecognized. The diagnosis is established when the first warning symptoms occur, or during the first prenatal visits to a gynecologist. The diagnosis in the second trimester is extremely rare, since clinical presentation resulting either from the expulsion of the fetus into the peritoneal cavity or from the tubal rupture is manifested by that time. If there is no rupture or the expulsion of the fetus, the pregnancy is allowed to continue and ectopic pregnancy diagnosis may be established in the second trimester. Case outline We present a case of a 31-year-old second gravida with a vital intrauterine pregnancy confirmed at the first examination. In the early second trimester, the patient visited her doctor due to vaginal bleeding. After a gynecological examination and ultrasonography, ectopic pregnancy was suspected, so the patient underwent laparotomy. Ectopic pregnancy was confirmed and adnexectomy was performed. Conclusion Early ultrasound examinations have to confirm whether eutopic pregnancy is present. A misdiagnosis and monitoring of ectopic pregnancy as eutopic one is potentially life-threatening for a pregnant woman.


We use the formalism of Monge–Ampère operators to study the geometric properties of the Monge–Ampère equations arising in semi-geostrophic (SG) theory and related models of geophysical fluid dynamics. We show how Kähler and hyper-Kähler structures arise, and the Legendre duality arising in SG theory is generalized to other models of nearly geostrophic flows.


The mechanism of running software on virtual machines partly ensures the security of Android system. However, with all kinds of malicious codes being developed, there has been a huge number of massive security incidents caused by malware on Android. Malware has various code patterns, but their behaviors are measurable. In this paper, a new method of detecting Android malware by analyzing malware's behaviors is proposed. The method is characterized by the ability to mine the contextual relationships between system calls and network activities. Besides, the method requires only a small data set to achieve good classification performance. We propose a set of methods for automatically collecting and organizing dynamic features from Android application Based on the collected features, deep neural network is used to classify software samples. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed method on a set of 2210 applications obtained from Androzoo. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has high detection accuracy against wild malware as compared with other methods. We propose a set of methods for automatically collecting and organizing dynamic features from Android application Based on the collected features, deep neural network is used to classify software samples. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed method on a set of 2210 applications obtained from Androzoo. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has high detection accuracy against wild malware as compared with other methods.


The development of the images and imagery has taken a long journey from Renaissance painting. As technology has helped it develop, it changed in how it relates to us and how we relate to it. Imagery has moved from presenting allegorical stories to viewers to interacting with us in physical space. This paper presents an interpretation of these changes from a perspective of how media art has developed. It looks at how it has stopped talking to us and turned into a system that brings us face-to-face with Otherness. After laying out its theoretical grounding the paper goes on to analyse the work Post Box Cinema to see how it exemplifies these ideas.


This paper describes the design of a new PC-based open-loop digital simulator for relay testing. The simulator is aimed at the users that want flexibility and power of transient relay testing at a price comparable to the price of conventional test sets. The simulator can use several different I/O hardware platforms enabling the users to match simulator configuration with their testing requirements. The simulator can load and replay transient files in a variety of file formats ranging from various DFR native formats to EMTP/ATP output file formats. Test files in COMTRADE format can also be used. Various signal processing and manipulation functions of the user interface enable easy and fast test creation and execution.


We consider the strong stochastic ("st") ordering on Markov chains whose states are naturally endowed with a partial order and we present an algorithmic derivation of lumpable upper bounding matrix.The comparison of Markov chains relies on the monotonicity property even if it is only sufficient. When the model is not monotone, we must build a monotone upper bound. Quite often the natural partial order of the model makes the problem monotone with this order. However, if we use a total order consistent with the partial one the model is often not monotone anymore for the total order. Furthermore, the monotonicity property for total order adds a lot of constraints which are irrelevant and make the bound less accurate.Here we assume that the model is monotone for the natural partial order and we must build a matrix which is larger in the strong stochastic sense and easier to solve. We build a lumpable bound and we store the lumped version to be analyzed.Lumpable upper bounding matrices may also be useful when they are associated to a total order. We can derive a bound of the Markov chain with a two phase algorithm: first we derive a lumpable upper bound from the specifications, we store the lumped version and we make this lumped matrix monotone in a second phase.


Artificial recharge engineering has been widely used to solve the water resource crisis. However, there are still some safety hazards regarding reclaimed water quality. Here, chlorinated secondary effluent (SE) was injected into saturated porous media composed of high–purity quartz sands. The column experiment was conducted and modeled through a developed numerical model to predict the evolution of physical clogging. Some representative inorganic and organic indicators were measured both at different times and in different column sections. The study showed that the relative hydraulic conductivity (K/K0) decreased significantly by approximately 63.5% in 40 h. Especially for the first 3 cm of the column, the clogging was the most serious, with a decrease of approximately 85.8%. The porous media has a certain degree of filtration effect on turbidity, TOC, protein (Pr) and polysaccharide (PS) but has slight removal for other water quality indicators. Pr is the main component of the intercepted TOC, and its content is higher than that of Ps. Moreover, the inorganic and organic parameter variations along the column further verified that the organic floc particles were mainly retained in the first 3 cm. The 3D excitation/emission matrix (3DEEM) fluorescence spectra illustrated that the humic acids and fulvic acids were easy to release and that their injection may be harmful to groundwater quality. The study will lay a theoretical foundation and provide a guiding scheme for optimizing China's reclaimed water reuse technology, ensuring the safety of reclaimed water quality.


Practices limiting breast feeding and weaning in the Philippines, Mexico and the U.S. as reported in recent literature are reviewed. In the Philippines, folk wisdom suggests that women cease breast feeding when feeding is delayed and milk has sat in the breast too long, or when they are under stress, for fear of causing diarrhea. A detailed study of the principles certain Mexican Indian women follow for weaning showed that 1) colostrum was considered unnourishing; 2) babies should be weaned when teeth erupt; 3) prolonged breast feeding spoils the child; 4) mother's milk should not be given with food so weaning should not be done gradually; 5) mothers should stop nursing when they become pregnant; 6) lactating and pregnant women should avoid stress; 7) animal milk is unhealthy. Mexican women used their judgment in applying these ideas. Studies in the U.S. found that duration of breast feeding was negatively correlated with use of formula regularly in the first month, with feeding sterile water in the hospital, and with lower paternal education. Some reasons mothers gave for stopping nursing were: return to work, infant rejected the breast, lack of sufficient milk. Social support, especially by breast feeding classes, and starting breast feeding within 2 hours of birth were associated with long duration of breast feeding.


Symbol segmentation is the key to affect the performance of symbol recognition in natural scenes. As experimentally confirmed, MSER is effective in segmenting text but not applicable to segmentation of graphical objects like traffic signs. We propose a color space graphical object segmentation method. It extracts stable region of interest by applying different color similarity threshold to evaluate the stability of proximity among pixels. Experimental results show that it outperforms MSER in segmenting graphical object.


In different policy circles, Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs) are increasingly perceived as an innovative policy approach to promote better quality education and provide disadvantaged populations with new educational opportunities. Many governments, international organizations and other key educational stakeholders expect PPPs to bring together the best of the private and public worlds, namely the equity orientation of the public sector and the efficiency and innovation of the private sphere (see Osborne and Gaebler, 1992). In education, PPPs can be broadly defined as legal arrangements through which the public sector contracts the private sector for the delivery of educational services for a certain period of time. These contracts should specify performance criteria and goals, and identify whether the public and the private sectors share the financial risks entailed in the delivery of the service (Patrinos et al., 2009). Nonetheless, beyond this broad and legalistic definition, PPP arrangements might follow very diverse rationales and crystallize


The use of a fluidised bed reactor and a conductivity cell provide a technique for the study of degradation of PVC with greatly increased sensitivity. The kinetics of the reaction may be studied at 350 K and for small (1%) amounts of degradation. The effects of diffusion within the particles may be distinguished from that of diffusion in the surrounding atmosphere. The influence of temperature and particle size and sintering were examined. The catalytic effect of HCl was confirmed and an apparent activation energy of 29 kcal mol−1 was observed.


Dormitory town.., shanty town... halfway houses... university. Along suburbs, a path has been marked out, on the occasion of encounters, readings. This path led me to writing a thesis and presenting it, which is, as B. Charlot says it, one of the most beautiful moment in life, a moment when dream and reality meet. Born in a trouble area, which left its lasting mark on me, I chose the side of audiences - adults and children - that were particularly withdrawn from training opportunies. It was neither the result of chance or of necessity, I was merely faithful to the values that determined my professional and individual choices. If I had to do it again I would choose the same path, which combines the pleasure of researching, of teaching and of reading.


Temporal and spatial occurrence and abundance of Leiognathus rivulatus larvae were studied with regular monthly collections at 14 fixed stations in Kagoshima Bay in 1991. A total of 1036 larvae (1.1-5.6 mm SL) were collected from June to September. They were poorly represented in the northern part of the bay, but were abundant at most of the coastal stations in the southern part. Larval abundance followed a normal distribution curve during the season, the peak abundance period, analyzed statistically on a daily basis, being from 30 June to 3 August. Areas of larval abundance were determined cruise by cruise usinga method for calculating geographic centers of larval abundance from stations having a higher-than-average larval density and the two adjacent stations with the highest larval densities. Abundant areas of L. rivulatus larvae were found at three coastal locations in the southern part of Kagoshima Bay.


We investigated dc and ac susceptibilities of La1−xCaxMnO3 (x=0.2,0.3) single crystals. Obtained results show that La0.8Ca0.2MnO3 is clearly magnetically more frustrated than La0.7Ca0.3MnO3, indicating that charge/orbital fluctuation is enhanced in La0.8Ca0.2MnO3. A remarkable magnetic anomaly in the imaginary component of the ac susceptibility appears around 100 K for La0.8Ca0.2MnO3 to be attributed to the magnetic frustration arising from the strong competition between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions that favor the existence of short-range charge/orbital ordering in this sample. In connection with the resistivity data, we propose that the order parameter of magnetic origin should be coupled to the other degrees of freedom in the case of La0.8Ca0.2MnO3 rather than La0.7Ca0.3MnO3.


The objective of this study was to determine the measures for achieving quality assurance in informal automobile apprenticeship training system for self-employment of the trainees in Enugu Metropolis. The study was necessitated by the demand for quality services in informal automobile workshop and emerging technology in automobile vehicles today. Two research questions in line with the purpose of the study and two null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a survey research design. The population was 125 Master craftsmen and Senior apprentices purposively sampled from informal automobile apprenticeship training system in Enugu Metropolis of Enugu State. The instrument used for data collection was questionnaire meticulously structured in two sections according to the research questions that guided the study and was validated by three experts. The questionnaire which contained 20 item statements structured in for point rating response category of strongly agree, agree, disagree and strongly disagree with numerical values of 4,3,2and 1 respectively. Cronbach Alpha formular was used to determine the reliability of the instrument and it yielded a reliability index of 0.83. Out of 125copies of the questionnaire distributed 121 copies were properly completed and returned, with a return rate of 96.80%. Mean with standard deviation was used to answer the research questions while t-test was used to test the hull hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study showed that quality assurance was needed in informal automobile apprenticeship training system for enhancing the quality of transferrable skills and to accelerate the technological development through skill development. The findings also showed the policy measures for achieving quality assurance in informal apprenticeship training system. Based on the findings of this study, recommendations were made which included, that government should make legislation for recognizing certificates of apprenticeship training and vocational guidance should be attached to apprenticeship training system for effective guidance.


This article introduced the Sol-Gel development history and thecharacteristic,showed the Sol-Gel principle and the technological process, have pointed out the Sol-Gel in some domains applications and the future development tendency.


The present invention in a wireless communication system is a node performing transmit and receive simultaneously using the same resource for the data transmission and reception method. Method in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the packet receiving method in the second receiver in the network to support a full-duplex cross each other three or more nodes to the destination based on a transmission request to the first transmitter is sent to the first receiver (request-to-send, RTS) signal comprising: a listening (overhearing); Generating intensity information of the first transmitter and an interference signal between the nodes by using the information for receiving intensity of the listening a RTS signal; The step of looking at the intensity information of the interference signal between the generated node to the second transmitter; May include a; and wherein the packet data when the packet data is received from the second transmitter demodulation and decoding, and transmits a response signal.


Most of the network security applications in today's networks are based on Deep Packet Inspection (DPI). It is a form of computer network packet filtering that examines not only the header portion but also the payload part of a packet as it passes through an inspection point, searching for protocol noncompliance, viruses, Spam, intrusions or some predefined criteria to decide if the packet can pass it or it needs to be routed to a different destination. Most of the systems that perform deep packet inspection implement basic string matching algorithms to match packets against large but finite strings. However, there is growing interest in the use of regular expression-based pattern matching, since regular expressions offer superior expressive power. DFA is employed to implement regular expression matching. DFA representations of a regular expression sets in network applications require large amounts of memory, limiting their practical application. This paper presents an analysis of different compact representation of DFA such as D2FA, δFA, δ2FA.


Urokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor (UPA‐R; CD87) is a membrane protein responsible for plasmin expression on cells facilitating cellular extravasations and tissue invasions. We studied the expression of the UPA‐R on bone marrow (BM) cells of 93 patients with acute myeloid leukemia at first diagnosis and 8 healthy probands as controls by FACS analysis using phycoerythrin (PE)‐conjugated antibodies. A case was defined as UPA‐R‐positive (UPA‐R+) if >20% of the gated cells expressed UPA‐R. Whereas none of the 8 healthy BM samples was positive for the UPA‐R, 32 (34%) of the 93 AML samples were UPA‐R+. Expression of UPA‐R was heterogeneous in different FAB types, however, with the highest expression rates in monocytic subtypes (FAB M4/M5): 18%/19%/30% of UPA‐R+ cases were found in M1/M2 or M3, and 58%/80% of cases with M4 or M5 were UPA‐R+. Proportions of UPA‐R+ cells varied between 1% and 98% of the mononuclear cell fractions, with the highest proportions in M4/M5 subtypes (on average 27%/40% UPA‐R+ cells) and the lowest expression in AML M2 (11% UPA‐R+ cells). The density of expressed UPA‐R, estimated as mean channel fluorescence activity, was highest in cases with AML M1 (mFI: 124) followed by M4 and M5 (mFI: 78/77) and lowest in AML M2 (mFI: 43). In sAML, higher proportions of UPA‐R+ cases (8 of 18; 44%) compared to pAML (24 of 75; 32%) were found as well as higher proportions of UPA‐R+ cells (27% vs. 19%). Separating our patients' cohort in cytogenetic risk groups, we could not detect significant differences in the UPA‐R expression profiles. For evaluations of the clinical course of AML, only patients treated by the AML‐CG protocol (n = 65) were included. In the group of patients who did not respond to AML‐CG therapy, significantly higher proportions of UPA‐R+ cells (31% vs. 14%, P = 0.0015, t‐test) were found. By evaluating a cut‐off value for the percentage of positive cells that allows the most significant separation and differentiation between cases with shorter or longer relapse‐free survival times, we could show that patients with >26.5% UPA‐R‐positive cells were characterized by a significantly higher risk for relapse compared to cases with <26.5% positive cells (P = 0.05). In summary, our data show a high expression of the UPA‐R in AML, especially in (myelo)monocytoid subtypes. Cases with higher proportions of UPA‐R+ cells were characterized by a significant lower remission rate after AML‐CG therapy and a higher risk for relapse. Although prospective trials are still lacking, UPA‐R is a prognostically relevant factor independent from the karyotype. UPA‐R positivity may identify subtypes of AML associated with a more aggressive clinical course. Thus due to lower remission probabilities in UPA‐R+ cases, a more intensive induction therapy regimen could be considered. Am. J. Hematol. 79:26–35, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Forensics coaching philosophy, like competition, is continually being evaluated and interrogated, whether by scholars, coaches, or competitors. This essay introduces critical-pedagogical philosophy into forensics coaching, in order to move coaching further from practice and ever closer to pntxis. This move is accomplished through looking at a sample of the current forensics activity literature, locating a space within the dominant discourse where coaching-as-critical praxis can serve the forensics community, presenting examples of praxis-centered coaching, and identifYing possible results of this particular coaching approach.


The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that over one-third of U.S. adults are obese, while about 17 percent of children are obese. The high cost of obesity-related illnesses--medical costs as well as lost productivity from disabilities or premature deaths--motivates the public health community and policymakers to identify causes as well as solutions. Some public health advocates have argued that falling real, or inflation-adjusted, prices for many high-calorie foods encourage people to buy and consume more of these foods, leading to poor diet quality and rising rates of obesity. A closer look at how consumers respond to food price variation--over time, across geographic markets, in different types of stores, and in response to taxes and subsidies--reveals how food prices affect people's food choices, and their waistlines. In short, price matters, but not very much, and it is not the only factor.


In the context of the take-over by a global corporation (Royal Doulton) of a family-owned and run pottery factory in Longton Stoke-on-Trent, known as « Beswick », and the subsequent re-structuring of production, this paper explores the way in which women pottery workers make social distinctions between the « rough » and « posh », « proper paintresses » and « big heads » which cut into and across abstract sociological notions of class. The author's findings support the view that class is best understood not as an abstract generalising category, but in the local and specific contexts of women's working and family lives.


Many forest-management practices have negative impacts on forest birds. Here we compare the bird communities between, first, an old-growth forest and a 30-year-old monoculture conifer plantation, and secondly, an old-growth forest and an old-growth forest that was "improved" silviculturally 9 years earlier. We collected data on tree species composition and variables important for analysis of forest structure. We sampled breeding birds using variable-distance transect and variable circular-plot methods, and recorded the microhabitat and food habits of each species. Results showed that the monoculture plantation held only 51.5% of the species found in old-growth forest. Bird species richness and density in the silviculturally improved forest were also lower than that in old-growth forest. Examining the avian guilds of these forest communities, we found that upperstory flycatching insectivores, upperstory gleaning insectivores, and ground-feeding omnivores all suffered severely in the managed forests, whereas upperstory trunk-probing insectivores and understory gleaning insectivores in- creased in numbers. Although the effects of forest improvement are less drastic for forest birds than conversion to monoculture, the alteration of forest structure still changed microhabitat and available resources. The implications of these findings for birds in southeast Asia and forestry practices elsewhere are discussed.


Banana black spot is one of the main diseases of banana in South China,and it happens all over the year.400 g/L Tebuconazole Prochloraz EW is a efficient fungicide from Maxim Chemical Israel,which showed specifically high activity against banana black spot.During 2006 and 2007,the result of tests in fields showed that 400 g/L Tebuconazole Prochloraz EW using 1∶1000 for 3 times gave a control effect of 80% against Macrophoma musae.These results demonstrated that 400 g/L Tebuconazole Prochloraz EW had a better control effect against banana black spot than 30% Armure EC(1∶2 000),it has been registered on banana against banana black spot already in 2009,and it was worthy to be popularized on the growing practice.


The bryoflora in Ganzi and Liangshan areas of Western Sichuan were preliminarily studied through field investigations and literature references.The results have shown that:(1)There are 302 species(including infraspecific taxa,but excluding the cutivar),which belong to 57 families and 150 genera;(2)These areas are rich in species,genera and families;(3) The geographical elements of bryoflora in the west of Sichuan are greatly intricate,staggered and widely related.The ones existing in the north temperate elements make up the majority,about 34.75%.The next is the East Asian elements,accounting for 24.47%;(4) All temperate elements,without including 53 endemic species to China and 20 cosmopolitans,add up to 184 species,which take 65.25% of all the bryoflora in the west of Sichuan,exhibiting the mossflora of Western Sichuanhas an obviously temperate character;(5)In East Asian elements,two regions(Sino-Himalaya area and Sino-Japan area) account for the most,about 91.30%,greatly exceeding the representative regions,which are only about 8.70%.It is proved that the East Asian elements in these areas have the transitional characteristics from Sino-Japan region to Sino-Himalaya region.


A distributed satellite network (DSN) is a cluster of independent satellite that networking wirelessly to response user demands. This new paradigm of space system poses several challenges in both design and implementation because the resources are distributed among the network with unstable topology and communication links. In this paper, we propose the cooperation architecture for DSN to realize distributed resource management and satellite cooperation. Furthermore, an efficient information exchange framework is proposed for satellite payloads that is encapsulated using SOA to collaborate with each other.


The higher the level of competition in the industrial sector, it is necessary for the company's efforts to respond well to this in order to survive through internal strategies in the form of improving employee performance. Organizational culture is found to be one of the factors that can improve employee performance. The main purpose of this study is to build a model in an effort to improve employee performance involving innovative work behavior as an intervening variable for the influence of organizational culture on employee performance. The population in this study were employees of companies engaged in the manufacturing sector with 276 employees. Samples were taken 127 employees using purposive random sampling method. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test the statistical significance of the path coefficients against the three (3) established hypotheses. The findings of the study indicate that organizational culture and innovative work behavior have a positive and significant influence on employee performance. Innovative work behavior can be an intervening variable for the influence of organizational culture on employee performance.


The dynamics of the glueballs is important in the context of the experimental search as well as for understanding the non-Abelian gauge theory. The glueballs of the dark 𝑆𝑈 ( 𝑁 𝑐 ) Yang-Mills theory are also good candidates of dark matter. In this proceedings contribution, we report on the result of the lattice calculation of the interglueball potential of the Yang-Mills theory with the color numbers 𝑁 𝑐 = 2 , 3 , 4, with a detailed inspection of the systematics due to the discretization.


In recent years,as the academia is constantly understanding the essence of study,the study which base on the study of situated cognition and learning theory and the exploration practice mode gradually becomes the focus of learning theory study.The purpose of this article lies in analyzing the basic concept of situated-learning theory and announcing the enlightenment of this theory to modem teaching hope of offering reference.


Syntheses of 9-chloro-, 9-trifluoromethyl- and 9-methoxy-5- phenylpyrrolo [2,1-d] [1,5] benzothiazepine [II a-c] and of cis-9-chloro- and cis-9-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5- phenylpyrrolo [2,1-d] [1,5] benzothiazepine with the respective acetyl derivatives (III a-d), according to previously restated routes, are described. The sedative activity was tested against the anti-amphetamine activity in the rat. The 1-[5-trifluoromethyl-2-(alpha- hydroxycarbonylbenzyl ) thiophenyl + ++]-pyrrole ( NF34 ) and the pyrrolo [2,1-d] [1,5] benzothiazepine -5-carboxamide ( NF44 ) showed sedative activity similar to that of diazepam.


The examples of application programming interface implementation in traffic simulation such as Python, C++ are presented. Some algorithms of real transport tasks: trucks allocation inside the sea port, public transport on intermediate bus lane modeling and alternative routes identification on dynamic assignment are suggested.


The ablation of the preputial diverticulum doesn't still constitute a surgical intervention of frequent practice. The present work related the results the seminal contamination is exposed as well as the surgical technique employee. The worked was carried out with a group of twenty-two young hogs in the age of 32 to 36 weeks, of them five were selected at random for the taking samples of the diverticular contained and semen for the bacteriological study. The


Abstract Energy as the most challenging issue for many countries forces mankind to find out all the possible methods to satisfy their needs. Among renewable resources, biomass is definitely the oldest and the most available source which can be converted into energy through some primary and secondary routes. Iran has both fossil and renewable energy resources to meet its current energy demand. But as time goes by it would be inevitable to substitute fossil fuels with the renewable ones. Iran has 49.65 % of all the Middle East forest areas and a great potential for many crops to grow and provide biomass resource. Biomass potential for biogas, bioethanol and biodiesel is huge as it can provide 132.5 million barrels of crude oil energy and microalgae would be the major biomass resource for biodiesel as it is favourable for Iran's fuel. Introduction Biomass is a major source of energy originated from different organisms. As a biological resource, it has been the first source of energy used by man until two centuries ago before the expansion of crude oil. Fossil fuels were synthetized throughout millions of years ago. Although their energy content is high, in 1970s oil shock forced many countries to find new approaches for fuel production. Many researchers have questioned petroleum distribution, price and how long it is going to last. So again biomass became an interesting energy resource. Since then many plans and scenarios were prepared to find alternative fuels (Klass 1998; Srirangan, Akawi et al. 2012). Biomass energy, stored among atomic bonds, was originated from solar energy and carbon dioxide through photosynthesis. Compared to other renewable sources of energy, biomass is the most used and available one. But low efficiency systems, such as open air fires, are mostly used for biomass conversion into energy worldwidely. There should be a specific method for a specific fuel production goal, in order to balance economic and environmental issues and increase energy conversion (Hill, Nelson et al. 2006; Balat and Balat 2009). Heat, power and transportation fuels can be generated from biological resources. Based on the nature of biomass and the desired energy service, one method would be chosen. At the end, energy inside the biomass is released by combustion and this would complete the cycle started with photosynthesis. There are two routes for biomass conversion into energy. First is primary conversion which includes either a direct conversion into heat and power, or into a more convenient energy carrier. Examples of this route are combustion, gasification (to synthetize Fischer-Tropsch diesel), pyrolysis (to synthetize bio-oil), or processes like anaerobic digestion (to synthetize biogas), fermentation (to synthetize bioethanol) and transesterification (to synthetize biodiesel). The other route is secondary conversion which refers to converted biomass that would go through another conversions to produce demanded energy like boilers (to produce steam for steam turbines), gas turbines and internal combustion engines (to generate electricity and mechanical power) and internal combustion engines (used in vehicles) (Sims 2001; Senneca 2007; Field, Campbell et al. 2008). Modern methods of biomass conversion into energy can be used for heating and lighting purposes. Among Asian countries, India has a great potential to produce bioenergy because of its adequate amount of biomass and progressive techniques. Even in rural areas in India modern methods are applied to produce fuels in commercialized scale through gasification or biogas production (Balachandra 2011; Hiloidhari, Das et al. 2014).


Central nervous metastases (CM) are surrounded by a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) comprised of a meshwork of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and an assemblage of cell types including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). We have previously shown that patient-derived CM CAFs can either support or inhibit tumor growth in vivo, suggesting that CM CAFs comprise a heterogenous subgroup of cells. Accordingly, we recently reported, based on literature in other cancer types, that CAFs can be categorized into four main subpopulations: 'desmoplastic', 'immune', 'contractile' and 'aggressive'. The purpose of our study is to identify different CAF subpopulations in the TME of CM and determine their impact on CM growth. To do this, we performed single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on 10 CM patient tissues and 8 patient-derived CM CAF cell lines established in our lab. ScRNA-seq analysis of tumor tissues revealed that desmoplastic, immune, contractile, and aggressive CAF subpopulations are also present in the TME of CM. In addition, scRNA-seq showed that CM CAF cell lines were mainly comprised of the desmoplastic and aggressive CAF subpopulations. These two subpopulations showed differential expression of the newly described tumor inhibitory CAF marker Immunoglobulin Superfamily Containing Leucine Rich Repeat (ISLR) and classic tumor supportive CAF marker Actin Alpha 2, Smooth Muscle (ACTA2, α-SMA), with desmoplastic CAFs showing ISLRhigh/α-SMAlow expression while aggressive CAFs were associated with ISLRlow/α-SMAhigh expression. Next, we used fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) based on the expression of ISLR on the cell surface to enrich and expand the ISLRhigh/α-SMAlow desmoplastic CAF and the ISLRlow/α-SMAhigh aggressive CM CAF subpopulations. Reciprocal expression of α-SMA and ISLR was confirmed by western blot and immunofluorescence after FACS. Additionally, co-culture experiments showed that ISLRhigh/α-SMAlow CM CAFs inhibit CM cell proliferation. In summary, our data show that there are several molecularly defined subpopulations of CAFs in the TME of CM that can act to either inhibit or promote CM tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Our results support that the desmoplastic CM CAFs characterized by ISLRhigh/α-SMAlow can inhibit tumor growth. Overall, the present study improves our understanding of the CM TME, which ultimately will help establish new strategies to harness the cancer restraining capabilities of tumor inhibitory CAFs in order to improve outcomes for patients with CM.
 Citation Format: Thomas Simon, David N. Buckley, Gerald C. Gooden, Ben Y. Tew, Gabriel Zada, Bodour Salhia. Determining the tumor supportive and inhibitory capabilities of cancer associated fibroblast subpopulations in central nervous system metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5842.


This is a stunning collection highlighting 'extreme' golf from one of the game's freshest voices: Extreme Personalities, Extreme Destinations (like Baja's Loreto, whose caddie-master has no caddies and whose driving range has only one ball), and many more.


Demanding larger memory footprint and relying heavily on data locality has made last-level cache (LLC) a major contributor to overall energy consumption in modern computer systems. As a result, numerous techniques have been proposed to reduce power dissipation in LLCs via low power interconnects, energy-efficient signaling, and power-aware data encoding. One such technique that has proven successful at lowering dynamic power in cache interconnects is time-based data encoding that represents data with the time elapsed between subsequent pulses on a wire. Regrettably, a time-based data representation induces excessive transmission delay per every block transfer, thereby degrading the energy efficiency of memory intensive applications. This paper presents a novel adaptive mechanism that monitors characteristics of every application at runtime and intelligently uses time-based codes for LLC interconnects, thereby alleviating the diverse impact of longer transmission delay in time-based codes while still saving significant energy. Two adaptation approaches are realized for the proposed mechanism to monitor 1) application phases and 2) memory bursts. Experimental results on a set of 12 memory intensive parallel applications on a quad-core system indicate that the proposed encoding mechanism can improve system performance by an average of 9%, which results in improving the system energy-efficiency by 7% on average. Moreover, the proposed hardware controller consumes less than 1% area of a 4MB LLC.


The principle of electrostatic accelerators is presented. We consider Cockcroft– Walton, Van de Graaff and Tandem Van de Graaff accelerators. We resume high voltage generators such as cascade generators, Van de Graaff band generators, Pelletron generators, Laddertron generators and Dynamitron generators. The specific features of accelerating tubes, ion optics and methods of voltage stabilization are described. We discuss the characteristic beam properties and the variety of possible beams. We sketch possible applications and the progress in the development of electrostatic accelerators. 1 Cockcroft–Walton accelerator The Cockcroft–Walton accelerator [1] is the prototype of an electrostatic accelerator. The scheme of the accelerator is shown in Fig. 1. The first accelerator of this type was built in 1932 by J.D. Cockcroft and E.T. Walton. They achieved a high voltage of about 700 kV and they studied the first nuclear reactions with an accelerator. In their experiment a proton beam of about 400 keV kinetic energy was used to investigate the nuclear reactions 7Li + p→4 He +4 He and 7Li + p→7 Be + n. Cockcroft and Walton shared the Nobel Prize in physics for 1951. 1.1 High voltage generator The high voltage generator of the Cockcroft–Walton accelerator is the well known cascade generator or voltage multiplier circuit invented by H. Greinacher [2] in 1921. It consists of a HV transformer, HV capacitors and HV diodes. In Fig. 1 a cascade generator with four stages is shown. The capacitors are stacked in two vertical columns capped by a large rounded terminal electrode. The capacitors in the pushing column P are charged during the negative half-period of the sinusoidal AC voltage, those of the smoothing column S during the positive half-period. In steady state the voltages at the break points of the pushing column P amount to U0 +U0 sinωt, U0 + 3U0 sinωt, U0 + 5U0 sinωt and U0 + 7U0 sinωt, those of the smoothing column S to 2U0, 4U0, 6U0 and 8U0. Here, U0 is the amplitude of the AC voltage from the transformer. With n stages a high voltage of 2nU0 can be achieved. Extracting a DC current causes a mean voltage drop ∆U and a ripple δU which are proportional to the DC current I ,


The game of Cricket is one which is followed and loved by a large proportion of the population across the world. The liking goes to such an extent that people even end up having games of cricket on their computers. In this paper we discuss about the development of a cricket game, Cricket Strategy Game. This is a special game, different from others, as it is one focusing on the strategizing, managing, and captaining aspects of cricket. There are many games that simulate a real game of cricket, but a game that simulates the role of a captain, manager or director in the sport of cricket are rarely found. Hence we present the Cricket Strategy Game in this paper. The game is developed using C++ programming language and many exciting concepts such as random number generation phenomenon, file handling, and few concepts of cricket are mixed proportionately to develop this game and make it interesting for its users and players. The random numbers generated are cleverly assigned values to vary according to the inputs of the user, thus making the game a very dynamic and filled with astonishment. Through this game we successfully simulate the real life role of a cricket team captain or manager or director. The players will feel the exact feeling that the captain feels in a match scenario. The game has been designed in such a way, and the technology and concepts are used so effectively, to develop this Cricket Strategy Game in a way that the users will find it really simulating and real-life like.


To know a steel advertisement tower is safe or not, we find some problems hided in the design of the steel advertisement tower through internal force analyzing and stress calculating. The safety of some aspects are too great, but others are little even to be sufficient. We put forward some good measures for these to provide reference for the similar structures' calculation.


After the emergence of Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration, there has been an expansion of the meaning of State Administrative Decrees. The expansion of this understanding is very necessary because the object of the State Administrative Court is becoming increasingly broad. However, the widening of the object does not necessarily guarantee that the state administration will run in line with the General Principles of Good Governance. This research was made with the aim of knowing the expansion of the meaning of State Administrative Decisions after the emergence of the Government Administration Law and good governance after the emergence of the Government Administration Law. The research method used is normative juridical with a statutory approach. Sources of data used are primary legal materials, secondary. It was analyzed qualitatively, and the existing data was obtained through literature study data collection methods. In this study, the results were obtained that there was indeed an expansion of the meaning of State Administrative Decrees after the emergence of Law Number 14 of 2014 concerning Government Administration. As well as the expansion of the meaning of the State Administrative Decree has a very close relationship with the realization of the General Principles of Good Governance. This principle has been used as a basis for the government to carry out its duties and has become a judicial test tool when assessing government actions.


The paper presents a telemedicine system, which is based on multi-layer clients/server framework and gives out its Java implementation. The system is flexible when it is implemented and can be compatible with different platforms. It also discusses some key techniques like medical image compression, auto-archiving of medical image and data middleware in the system. The experimental system has been built and the result is promising.


The objective of this study was to assess the situations of the use of Thai brand-name drugs among people of Lao People's Democratic Republic in Chong Mek border area. It was conducted as a survey research using questionnaires; and data were collected through interviews with a pharmacist at a Thai drugstore, 80 Lao people, and a pharmacist at a Lao's drug store during 10-15 December 2013. A survay was also conducted to locate Lao drug stores in the study area. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. It was found that the majority of the samples used to use Thai brand-name drugs (77.5 percent). Twenty two of the samples had underlying diseases. Most of them (95.2 percent) used Thai brand-name drugs; whereas 42 of 58 (72.4 percent) of Lao people who did not have any underlying disease used Thai drugs for their last illness. Most of them believed that Thai drugs were efficient. Moreover, it was easy to find them in Lao People's Democratic Republic. Majority of the samples (97.5 percent) knew the brand-named of Thai drugs from drugstores in Thailand, advertisment on Thai television, and advertisment on Thai radio stations (25.9 percent, 21.4 percent, and 20.0 percent, respectively). Furthermore, the pharmacist of the Thai drugstore indicated that each day there were approximately 25 customers from Lao People's Democratic Republic. In addition, the mainly drugs sold were nonprescription drugs which the pharmacist would choose Thai drugs because he believed that they were more reliable, and the packaging was better. It was also found that Lao people in the study area preferred to buy Thai drugs and some of them used Thai health care services. Therefore, both government and private health care organizations should be well aware and be prepared for the need of care of the Lao people. In addition, if the health care organizations use appropriate advertising, the Lao people may buy more Thai drugs or use more health care services which will increase income of both the health care organizations and the country as well. Key words: drug use, Thai brand-name drug, people of Lao People's Democratic Republic


Digital image steganography is the art of hiding information in other digital images. Moreover, image quality evaluation has many difficulties such as the amount of degradation or distortion induced in the reconstructed image. The peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is the most common metric used to evaluate the stego image quality. However, subjective evaluation is the most reliable method to measure the image quality. Therefore, we try to give an answer to the following question: "does the PSNR value of a stego image reflect its actual quality?". However, JPEG steganography represents a distortion source in addition to the image compression. Therefore, this paper investigates the relationship, if there any, between the PSNR and the subjective quality of stego images. Four steganography methods and five grayscale images are used in this paper. Moreover, an adapted double stimulus continuous quality scale (DSCQS) method has been adopted. As a result, PSNR can not be reliably used because it has poor correlation with the mean opinion score (MOS). Moreover, conclusions derived from only PSNR values of different stego images are quite different from that derived from the MOS values. Additionally, MOS shows that a particular steganography method modifies different test images quality in different ways.


Angular stiffness of a trunnion joint is calculated; we take into account the elastic support. The equation motion is modelled, and the stiffness of the elastic support is considered, we find that the calculate results of the infinitely stiffness of the support is equal to the clamped support, while zero stiffness is simply supported, when the radio of the inner radius of the thin shaft and outer radius of the trunnion increases, the case of considering the elastic support condition is necessary, it may be useful in the calculating the rotordynamic parameters, such as critical speed, natural frequency of the rotor-bearing system.


Research into communication strategies in museums and galleries has focused mainly on visitors' learning and their cognitive responses. However, our thoughts and ideas are mediated through our emotions, which are historically and culturally situated. Using case studies, this chapter seeks to open a discussion about the place of emotions in museums. Focusing in particular on the discipline of history and history museums, it suggests that we need to pay more attention to affect and the emotions generated by the museum visit.

Keywords:

emotion;
engagement;
history;
identity


Iron isotopes constrain core chemistry The overall composition of Earth's core is an important constraint on the chemistry and evolution of our planet's interior. A longstanding problem has been determining the minor element contribution to its predominately iron-nickel alloy. Based on the iron isotope fractionation of various iron alloys with pressure, Shahar et al. find that carbon and hydrogen are probably not primary components of the core. The fractionation occurs at the high pressures of core formation, suggesting that the stable iron isotope ratios of Earth are a new and independent constraint on core composition. Science, this issue p. 580 Stable iron isotope fractionation at high pressure allows reassessment of the light-element composition of Earth's core. Our current understanding of Earth's core formation is limited by the fact that this profound event is far removed from us physically and temporally. The composition of the iron metal in the core was a result of the conditions of its formation, which has important implications for our planet's geochemical evolution and physical history. We present experimental and theoretical evidence for the effect of pressure on iron isotopic composition, which we found to vary according to the alloy tested (FeO, FeHx, or Fe3C versus pure Fe). These results suggest that hydrogen or carbon is not the major light-element component in the core. The pressure dependence of iron isotopic composition provides an independent constraint on Earth's core composition.


Concentrating on the fixation with names and the processes of naming and renaming in Audre Lorde's Zami: A New Spelling of My Name (1982) and Jack Kerouac's Vanity of Duluoz: An Adventurous Education, 1935–1946 (1968), this article will investigate the inner workings of these processes—and the creative, emancipative and regenerative possibilities that arise from them (in terms of both text and the 'empirical world')—in the context of 'auto-orthography'. This notion combines autobiography and 'self-spelling' to elucidate the blurred lines that separate fiction and biographical fact, the deconstruction of which Jacques Derrida makes central to his work on autobiography, The Ear of the Other. The aim of the article is to demonstrate what these two states, of (auto)biographical fiction and fact, can lend to each other in combination; drawing on Derrida's theses, and later working through certain psychoanalytic and 'schizoanalytic' discourses, in order to discover how the respective authors' auto-orthographies interact with their own times and create pathways to the future.