In a recent study we reported that young rat cranial bases transplanted to older sex-matched isohistogenic hosts increased in length and had a pattern of growth similar to cranial bases in situ (Harkness & Trotter, 1980). The aim of the present study was to determine whether the age of the host would affect the growth of transplants of rat cranial bases and humeri. The few previous studies of the influence of the age of the host on the growth in length of transplanted bones have produced equivocal results. For example, Noel & Wright (1972) found that the age of the host did affect the growth of the tail vertebrae of young mice transplanted beneath the renal capsule in syngeneic mice of various ages. They attributed the somewhat lesser growth in older hosts to 'age-dependent changes in blood hormone levels'. Holtrop (1967) transplanted fragments of mouse ribs, with associated costal cartilages, intramuscularly in inbred mice and found that the age of the host did not influence the growth in length of the transplants. She did find that rib fragments from younger donors showed greater elongation as transplants than did similar fragments from older donors. But Holtrop did not take into account the possibility that different amounts of resorption may have occurred at the ossified ends of the transplants in hosts of different ages. From a preliminary investigation for the present study, it seemed that growth in overall length did not appear to be influenced by the age of the host in hosts aged from 28-127 days (Harkness, 1974). Now we report that, although there were no differences in the overall lengths of transplants recovered from hosts of such disparate ages, there were differences in the proportions of cartilage and bone in the transplanted cranial bases. Although we were primarily interested in the cranial bases, we also included humeri because Felts (1959, 1961) and Monson & Felts (1961) had shown how readily the humerus grows when transplanted and we felt that a study of the growth of this bone under our experimental conditions would provide a basis of comparison for the growth of the transplanted cranial bases.


One-dimensional multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/SiC porous nanocomposites were prepared via an in situ reaction between Si and MWCNTs induced by the reaction between Na and I2. The as-prepared nanocomposites exhibit outstanding microwave absorbing performances with an absorber thickness of about 2 mm. The absorbing bandwidth for the nanocomposites increases by raising the reaction temperature from 200 to 400 °C. The dielectric polarizations, which originate from the synergistic effect of the defects, porous structures and nanoparticles in the nanocomposites, are responsible for the excellent microwave absorbing performances.


Received: 10 April 2018 Accepted: 12 April 2018 A vortex tube can be used as a heating device for preheating the pipes inside a solar heater. A vortex tube usually has some parts such as: A vortex-chamber, one or more inlet nozzles, a cold end orifice, a control valve at hot end and a working tube. The vortex-chamber is a main part of vortex tube which the pressured gas is injected into this part tangentially. An appropriate design of vortex-chamber's geometry leads to better efficiency and good performance of vortex tube. In this study, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is created on basis of an experimental model and is a three-dimensional (3D) steady compressible model that utilizes the k-ε turbulent model to solve the nonlinear flow field equations. In this study a comparison between usage of two different boundary conditions (Pressure-Outlet and Pressure-Far-Field) has been presented. The results show that there is no essential difference between these two boundary conditions for heat transfer predicting inside a vortex tube separator. So, the scientists which work on numerical aspects of vortex tubes and have no access to the experimental data can use the Pressure Far Field boundary condition.


Restriction fragments containing thegeneencoding cyanase,cynS, without itstranscriptional regulatory sequenceswereplaced downstream oflacandtacpromoters invarious pUCderivatives tomaximizeproduction ofcyanase.Plasmid pSJ105, whichcontains thecynSgeneandan upstream openreading frame, gavethe highest expression ofcyanase.Approximately 50%ofthetotal soluble protein instationary-phase cultures of a lac-deleted strain containing plasmid pSJ105 was cyanase.Theinserted DNA fragment ofpSJ105 was transferred intopUC18derivatives thatcontain a hybrid tacpromoter, instead ofthelacpromoter, anda strongterminator togenerate pSJ124. Stationary-phase cultures ofJM101containing plasmid pSJ124 overexpressed a similar level ofcyanase.InJM1O1(pSJ124), maximumproduction ofcyanasecouldbe obtained either byinduction withisopropyl-4-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) for3horbygrowth without IPTGinto late stationary phase. Thelatter conditions resulted ina 10-to20-fold increase inplasmid content andpresumably titration ofthelacrepressor.Thenucleotide sequenceofthecloned cynSgenefrom Escherichia coli K-12wasdetermined. Thepredicted aminoacid sequencediffered fromtheknownaminoacid sequenceofcyanaseisolated fromaBstrain byfourresidues. However, overexpressed cyanasewas purified to homogeneity, anda comparison oftheenzymesfromthetwosourcesindicated thattheydidnotdiffer with respect tophysical andkinetic properties. ThecynS genewas located nexttothelac operon,andthedirection ofcynStranscription was opposite thatoflac. Cyanase isaninducible enzymeinEscherichia coli that catalyzes thebicarbonate-dependent


The influence of heat treatment on the HIC susceptibility in process pipe steel was investigated with respect to the hydrogen diffusion behavior by employing the electrochemical permeation technique. This study clearly shows that, contrary to other microstructures, in acicular ferrite, iron carbide (Fe3C) particles are newly precipitated mostly along the grain boundaries by the simulated PWHT conducted at 620°C for one hour. In addition, a decrease in hydrogen diffusivity attributed to the hydrogen trapping effect by the Fe3C leads to an increase in apparent solubility. As a result, heat-treated process pipe steel is more susceptible to HIC.


Objective: To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of leflunomide(LEF) in the treatment of lupus in MRL/lpr mice. Methods: Twelve-week female MRL/lpr mice were given LEF(35mg·kg-1·d-1)for 12 weeks. Suppressive effect of LEF on serum and urinary levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and conjugation rate of anti-dsDNA antibody level were determined using radio-immunological assay. The changes of proteinuria, serum creatinine and the expression of CD14 in renal tissues were tested. Results: After 12-week treatment of LEF, the levels of proteinuria and serum creatinine in MRL/lpr mice were lower than those in the control group. The expression of CD 14 positive cells in renal tissue significantly decreased (P 0.05), alone with the decrease of conjugation rate of anti-dsDNA antibody, TNF-α and IL-6(P 0.05). Conclusion: TNF-α and IL-6 may play a role in immune pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN). Serum and urinary levels of TNF-α and IL-6 may be the useful indicators for monitoring the degree of renal damage in LN. LEF may have a significant effect on inhibiting the production of TNF-α and IL-6 in the monocytes/macrophages and T cells. LEF may decrease the levels of serum and urinary TNF-α, IL-6 and ameliates renal injuries in lupus MRL/lpr mice. LEF has a renoprotective effect on MRL/lpr mice.


Capitalism or socialism? This alternative is one of the greatest problems that we should solve today. Wh ich can give more liberties to us? This is one of the greatest questions that we must answer , when we choose between them. When we , then , ask what liberty is , we are surprised to find too many answers to the question. Especially , the West and the East are veη T different from each other concerning the meaning of liberty This paper takes up some theories on liberty , criticizes the defects of them and tries to seek one measure of liberty with which we can measure the quantity of liberties on both sides , the West and the Eas t. その選択に際して,判断の基準とすべき最大の問いの一つである。


A new approach to generating triangular and cone-shaped laser pulses in UV region is proposed. It is based on third harmonic generation process at collinear interaction of 3D ellipsoidal and cylindrical chirped laser pulses in a nonlinear crystal.


15 • Explicit use of a threshold risk of cancer to underpin recommendations for urgent investigation—the first cancer guidance to do so. This guidance: • Assumes that patients will have had a full history, clinical examination, and appropriate initial blood tests. • Recommends urgent investigation in adults with a 3% or higher cancer risk, but uses a lower threshold for children and young people and when primary care testing is available. • Relies on evidence mainly from moderate quality observational studies. The evidence base for each recommendation is incorporated in the full guidance, but has been omitted here for ease of reading. • Will increase the number of investigations or referrals in some cancer sites; the use of direct access testing should reduce the costs of this, but will require organisational change. • Asks clinicians to continue to trust their clinical experience where there are particular reasons that the guidance isn't relevant to a patient's specific presentation.


This paper presents a 1.8GHz dual channel switched beam-former with active inductors phase shifters. Utilize active inductors and capacities to achieve design of Hybrid phase shifters. Phase shifter loss of -3.85 dB and phase difference of 85 degree. The architecture of active inductor used gyrator topology [2][6] which uses few of transistors to reach the performance of inductive. Quality factor of active inductor are 42.7 at 1.8GHz, area of active inductor are smaller than spiral inductor a lot. So we propose that application on RF beam-former to solve interference problem. Dual channel switched beam-former system can transceiver the signal of same frequency either different frequency and can generate two independent and cover different range of beam-former at each direction.


Scientists increasingly use workflows to represent and share their computational experiments. Because of their declarative nature, focus on pre-existing component composition and the availability of visual editors, workflows provide a valuable start for creating user-friendly environments for end user scientists. However, there is still work to be done to create even more user-friendly environments. In this paper, we aim to identify key constructs that intelligent workflow systems could support to allow for more natural workflow representations. These constructs are identified through a comparison of bioinformatics workflows and their associated natural language descriptions obtained from the virtual research environment myExperiment.


Small, anatomically preserved ovules are described from specimens collected at Fremouw Peak in the central Transantarctic Mountains. The ovules occur within a silicified peat in the upper part of the Fremouw Formation, which is considered to be Early to Middle Triassic. Ovules are radially symmetrical and ovoid, with an integument that consists of a narrow endotesta and a complex sclerotesta. The bilayered nucellus has a characteristic scalloped appearance and is attached to the integument only at the base. Of 43 ovules examined, 50 to 60% contain cellular megagametophyte tissue. One specimen contains a possible archegonium with embryo. Although the ovules have not been found attached, their possible affinities are discussed in relation to the known flora from this locality and other, comparable-aged floras


There is an almost instinctual appeal to high-profile court cases. There is something that draws us in and fascinates us about someone who yesterday seemed liked the most normal person in the world, but now seems to be one of the most dreaded monsters on the planet. .. or is she? This doubt is what drew me into Lizzie Borden's trial of the century. Lizzie Borden's story is one that has become part of our historical knowledge and has seeped its way into pop culture: she is believed to be the first axe murderer in modern memory. However, we take for granted that there was a trial, and though she was acquitted, she was ultimately found guilty and villainized by public opinion and history. The repeated mantra of " Lizzie Borden took an axe,//gave her mother forty whacks.// When she saw what she had done,//she gave her father forty-one, " (Miller xiii) is one that brings back memories of the cruelties of school-aged children, making this a great bridge novel for students who are graduating from serial fictions into more literary works. I gave this novel to Amy, one of my high-level readers in eighth grade, to read. Amy is a member of a group of readers in middle school who are highly interested in science fiction and fantasy novels. She questioned me about why she was reading the book. Some in her group


With over 800 pieces of jewellery by some 240 artists from 22 countries throughout Europe, American and Asia, the Pforzheim Jewellery Museum possesses the world''s most comprehensive collection of contemporary jewellery'


Based on the assumption of a negative volume dependence of random exchange integrals, it is possible to switch to a compressible Sherrington–Kirkpatrick spin-glass model. Within the proposed model, temperature–pressure phase diagrams were calculated and pressure- and magnetic-field-induced first-order phase transitions from the initial paramagnetic and spin-glass states to the ferromagnetic state were predicted. It was shown that the application of pressure in the spin-glass state not only increases and shifts magnetic susceptibility, but also reduces the critical magnetic fields of irreversible induced phase transitions from the spin-glass to the ferromagnetic state. The obtained results are used to describe the spin-glass state in (Sm1–xGdx)0.55Sr0.45MnO3.


We investigate the charge transport in metal oxide semiconductor nanowires which are capable of converting solar light into electrical energy. The charge transport in semiconductors is influenced by electron donor or acceptor molecules adsorbed on a nanowire surface and by concentration of local defects affecting the work function and resulting in bending of the conduction and valence bands [1,2]. It is important to understand how this band bending in solid materials can be manipulated and optimized for the purposes of improving both photovoltaic (PV) cells and photocatalysts. In PV cells, band bending influences the charge transport along nanowires while in photocatalysis, the band bending governs the rates of photo-oxidation or photo-reduction reactions when electrons or holes are promoted to a surface. Therefore, the main objective is to characterize the dependence of charge transport through the nanowire and the chemical state of its surface. We are developing a novel ambient pressure scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique to study the interplay between surface reactivity and electronic properties of metal oxide nanowires such as SnO 2 , TiO 2 and ZnO. The main objective is to image electron beam induced current (EBIC) along a nanowire in the presence of oxidizing or reducing gas at atmospheric pressure. To bridge the "pressure gap" between high vacuum required for SEM operation and atmospheric pressure environment that houses the nanowire, we designed a measurement cell that is functional over a wide pressure range of 10 -5 Pa to 10 5 Pa. An electron transparent SiN x membrane separates the two extremely different ambiences, atmospheric pressure region and high vacuum, allowing for both SEM and EBIC imaging as shown in Figure 1A.


There is dependency relationship between talent development and city's economic development. According to bidirectional filtering theory,we can construct systematic dependency index system and talent development comprehensive index model so as to design the dependency measurement model and evaluation criteria for talent development and economic development based on hierarchy analysis which the weight judgment matrics were obtained for talent development and economic development in Anhui province.In future years,Anhui province should lay greater emphasis on developing talents with bachelor degree under 35years and speeding up the economic development.


In a typical gas lift system, slippage between gaseous and liquid phases results in increased water cut and decreased reservoir pressure which reduces lifting efficiency and causes low oil recovery. Pig lift is a novel artificial lift technique proposed in recent years for effectively reducing liquid accumulation and increasing two-phase flow stability in certain special cases, such as high gas-liquid ratio, low reservoir pressure, horizontal and/or rather deep wells, highly viscous or waxy oil, sand production, etc. In this paper, a theoretical study is conducted to simulate the dynamic gas-liquid flow behaviour and optimize the operating parameters of a continuous pig lift system. First, two new flow theories, i.e., non-instantaneous separation and three segment flow, are proposed to simulate the transient two-phase upward flow process during which the pig is launched periodically into the injecting gas. Then, a two-phase flow model, which comprises a set of one-dimensional mass, momentum, energy balance equations, and the equation of state for real gas, is developed to accurately predict gas-liquid flow behaviour in the wellbore. An algorithm to solve this transient flow problem by coupling the gas-liquid flow model and the flow model with the pig is developed and implemented. Finally, a method for the design and optimization of continuous pig lift wells is presented by using nodal system analysis. The detailed simulation results show that, compared with conventional gas lift, pig lift decreases the pressure drop in the wellbore and reduces the slippage loss significantly. The pig launching frequency is the most important parameter in the pig lift system. Increasing the pig launching frequency decreases slippage loss; when the pig launching frequency reaches a certain value, which is the so-called optimal pig launching frequency in this paper, the pressure drop tends towards a non-slippage pressure drop. At the given bottomhole pressure and production rate, the wellhead flow pressure increases with the increase of time, and finally, is close to non-slippage wellhead flow pressure under the optimal pig launching frequency. The gas lift performance curve can be used as an optimization tool to select the optimal operating parameters for the pig lift system.


Genomic Engineering Effectors by Aaron Andrew Smargon A.B. Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University, 2011 Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY June 2016 c ○ Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2016. All rights reserved.


The invention discloses a garment display frame, which comprises a base, a support post, a plurality of hanging arms and a plurality of blocking rods, wherein the base is fixedly arranged on the ground, the lower end of the support post is connected with the base, the hanging arms are fixedly connected with the upper end of the support post and are vertical to the support post, the blocking rods are arranged on the hanging arms, a propaganda frame coaxially and rotatablely connected with the support post is arranged on the support post and comprises a support rod and an object placing part, the support rod is coaxially and rotatablely connected with the support post, and the object placing part is fixedly connected with the upper end of the support rod and is used for placing pamphlets. The propaganda frame used for placing the pamphlets printed with the commodity price, discount information and product introduction is arranged on the support post, customers can intuitively know various kinds of information about the commodity, and convenience and high speed are realized.


The concentrations of organochlorine insecticide residues was investigated during four well defined periods in samples of water from the River Almar (province of Salamanca, Spain). These periods coincides with a phase of drought, gentle rain after the drought, strong rains after the drought and heavy rains. It is seen that solubilization and drag from de basin are very small during the dry phase, increase during the phase of heavy rains, continue to rise during the gentle post-drought phase and reach a maximum during the strong rains post-drought. Among the organochlorine pesticides, lindane was always outstanding in its behaviour; this is noteworthy in that it is the only pesticide whose use is permitted by Spanish legislation.


Pseudomonas cepacia R55 and R85 and Pseudomonas putida R104, antagonistic towards plant pathogenic fungi in vitro, were assessed as seed inoculants for winter wheat (cv. Norstar) grown in a growth chamber in soil infested with Fusarium solani or Rhizoctonia solani isolate AG-1, AG 2-1, or AG-3. Infestation of soil with R. solani AG-1 or AG 2-1 reduced root dry weight of uninoculated plants by 62 and 78%, respectively, whereas R. solani AG-3 or F. solani had no effect on plant biomass. Pseudomonad inoculants increased (relative to plants subjected to disease) the winter wheat root dry weight by 92–128% and shoot dry weight by 28–48% in the soil infested with R. solani AG-1. The shoot material of all plants inoculated with pseudomonads also had significantly (P < 0.05) higher total Fe contents than the uninoculated treatment in the R. solani AG-1 infested soil. Pseudomonas cepacia R55 produced the highest (P < 0.01) total Fe contents in the shoots, but it had no effect on N and P content. Pseudomonas cepaci...


Abstract. Following the growth of nature‐based tourism, national parks and other protected areas have become important tourist attractions. This article examines the legislative process of revising the Act on Pallas‐Yllästunturi National Park, located in northern Finland, to enable the renovation and enlargement of the old hotel. The first draft of the government bill published in 2008 led to widespread public opposition, and thus, construction rights were reduced substantially before the new Act was passed in 2010. The main question of this article is why the Finnish government changed its policy on national park governance that had existed for decades. We assess the extent to which the changes in park governance can be interpreted as part of the worldwide neoliberalization of nature, as well as what kind of forces and values work against neoliberal management ideologies. We examine how the process of revising the Act proceeded in the Parliament and analyse on what grounds the hotel construction was defended and opposed in the discussions. Finally we ponder how the political disagreements are explained by neoliberal frames. We conclude that the neoliberal element was one part of the process, but it intertwined with local political reality creating results hardly resembling textbook definitions of neoliberal or classic liberal ideals. Mixed ideological principles, contextual economic conditions, and complex dependencies between individual actors create cases which must be analysed carefully to find out if neoliberal elements really exist and how they are transformed. Close relations between economic and political actors and creation of economic monopolies should raise doubts if vocabulary of liberalization is just a disguise of actions supporting hidden political and economic interests.


In this chapter, we further explore cross-modal retrieval to address the challenges posited by the heterogeneity gap and the semantic gap. To be specific, we propose integrating Shannon information theory and adversarial learning. In terms of the heterogeneity gap, we integrate modality classification and information entropy maximization adversarially. For this purpose, a modality classifier (as a discriminator) is built to distinguish the text and image modalities according to their different statistical properties. This discriminator uses its output probabilities to compute Shannon information entropy, which measures the uncertainty of the modality classification it performs. Moreover, feature encoders (as a generator) project uni-modal features into a commonly shared space and attempt to fool the discriminator by maximizing its output information entropy. Thus, maximizing information entropy gradually reduces the distribution discrepancy of cross-modal features, thereby achieving a domain confusion state where the discriminator cannot classify two modalities confidently. To reduce the semantic gap, Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence and bi-directional triplet loss are used to associate the intra-and inter-modality similarity between features in the shared space. Furthermore, a regularization term based on KL-divergence with temperature scaling is used to calibrate the biased label classi-fier caused by the data imbalance issue.


The subject matter is the mechanisms of emergence of instabilities in natural oscillations of semiconductor supertattices caused by their interaction with charged particle flows of extraneous electromagnetic radiation. The aim is calculating ratios to determine a degree of deviation of operating characteristics of semiconductor components from the norm, depending on the parameters of extraneous pulsed electromagnetic radiation. The objective is to model how currents that are induced with extraneous EMR interact with electrostatic oscillations of a semiconductor supertattice, using an implementation of (Cherenkov) resonance interaction of moving charges with electromagnetic oscillations under conditions where the phase velocity of the wave and the velocity of the charged particle are the same. The methods used : analytical methods for solving Maxwell's equations and medium equations in a framework of hydrodynamic approach. The following results are obtained. We have studied semiconductor components of electronic equipment (supertattices) being exposed to strong pulsed electromagnetic fields. The study was focused on the nature of changes in the working capacity of the components. We show that the effect of pulsed electromagnetic radiation is accompanied by an emergence of currents in the conductive hardware elements and an emergence of internal fields within them. One kind of reversible failures of semiconductor hardware elements is determined, based on interaction of extraneous radiation induced currents with the intrinsic fields of the supertattices of the hardware components. Similar failures occur under conditions of Cerenkov radiation (when the current is parallel to the structure boundary). It is shown that such interaction leads to energy losses in the induced currents spent to excitation of natural oscillations of the supertattice, i.e. to emergence of an oscillation generation mode that is characterized with a change in the volt-ampere characteristics of the hardware. Conclusion. The results obtained in this work can be used to evaluate the efficiency of active radio electronic devices (amplifiers, generators and converters of electromagnetic oscillations in the millimeter and sub-millimeter ranges) being exposed to extraneous pulsed electromagnetic fields. The comparative analysis of quantitative evaluations of reversible failures of semiconductor devices in dependence on the spatial configuration of the acting field (induced current parallel to the structure boundary) allows solving problems in optimizing the degree of distortion of the performance characteristics of these devices.


Of the present invention, the outlet opening 6 and the inlet opening (5), the fluid channel and the outlet opening 18 of the inlet opening 5 of the fluid channel (4) the cartridge (8) for storage of the secondary fluid having a a connecting structure (7) for the connection, wherein the connecting structure (7) comprises a contact member (71) having at least one orifice 75 forming the inlet opening 5 of the fluid channel (4), the contact two contact members between a first position outside from the member 71, the cartridge (8) connectable to the outlet opening 18 of the connection structure (7) and the first position and the orifice (75) covering the orifice (75) ( a sealing member (72) moveable about 71), the mechanism (3) from the cartridge (8) to move the sealing member 72 to the first position when detached, the engagement for engaging with the cartridge within the means 83 means relates to a mechanism (3) for personal care, including a sealing member 72 containing 73. Furthermore, the present invention provides a cartridge (8) for use with a mechanism (3) for personal hygiene, said cartridge being in the space and the mechanism for holding the auxiliary fluid includes an outlet opening for the cartridge connection, the cartridge to a system including such a mechanism and the engagement means (73) and the cartridge (8) and such a cartridge having a means for coupling (83) with the sealing member 72 of the connection structure (7).


This is the author's final draft of the paper published as: Valuing Historic Environments / Gibson, Lisanne and Pendlebury, John: Ashgate, 2009: Chapter 4, pp. 67-92. Details of the definitive version are available at http://www.ashgate.com/isbn/9780754674245.


The invention discloses a production technique of concentrated clear persimmon juice. When being used for producing persimmon juice, the technique can concentratedly consume the raw material in a short time in the harvesting time of persimmon fruit, thereby enhancing economic value of persimmon. Orderly heating and cooling in combination with enzymolysis are used for removing pectin and starch which affect the clear juice, and the clear and bright juice is obtained through centrifugal separation. The low-temperature distillation is used for concentration in the concentration stage, thereby controlling the conditions in the whole technical process and maintaining the nutritional ingredients in fruit to the maximum, and the color and flavor of the fruit juice are maintained to the maximum.


Due to fact the that Rayleigh waves are attributed to a kind of natural vibration of a surface layer, their nature can be understood by vibration experiments using a shaking table or by vibration mode analysis of a layer of finite length. This has been confirmed experimentally, analytically and numerically. In the limiting case, where the wave length approaches infinity, the wave motion is found to be reduced to shear vibration and longitudinal vibration of the layer.


The Knight shift, the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate, 1/ T 1 , and the transverse relaxation rate, 1/ T 2G , of 63 Cu have been separately measured for the square and the pyramidal CuO 2 planes in HgBa 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 8+δ (Hg1223) with the highest transition temperature, T c =133 K to date. From the quantitative analysis of 1/ T 1 and 1/ T 2G , it is shown that the product of the staggered susceptibility and the characteristic energy of spin fluctuations around a zone boundary, χ Q Γ Q , for the square CuO 2 plane site is larger than that for YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 (YBCO 7 ), although that for the pyramidal CuO 2 plane site is almost the same. This enhancement of χ Q Γ Q for the square site is considered to be responsible for the higher T c in Hg1223 than in YBCO 7 .


This work aims to study flow structures, heat and momentum transport in the wake of two staggered circular cylinders. In order to characterize heat transport in the flow, both cylinders were slightly heated so that heat generated could be treated as a passive scalar. The velocity and temperature fluctuations were simultaneously measured by traversing a three-wire (one cross-wire plus one cold wire) probe across the wake, along with a fixed cross-wire, which acted to provide a reference signal. Four distinct flow structures, i.e. two single-street modes (S-I and S-II) and two twin-street modes (T-I and T-II), are identified based on the phase-averaged vorticity contours, sectional streamlines, and their entrainment characteristics. Mode S-I is characterized by a vortex street approximately antisymmetric about the centreline. This mode is further divided into S-Ia and S-Ib, which differ greatly in the strength of vortices. The vortex street of Mode S-II is significantly asymmetric about the centreline, the strenth of vortices near the downstream cylinder exceeding by 50% that on the other side. Mode T-I consists of two alternately arranged vortex streets; the downstream-cylinder-generated street is significantly stronger than that generated by the upstream cylinder. In contrast, Mode T-II displays two streets approximately antisymmetrical about the wake centreline. Free-stream fluid is almost equally entrained from either side into the wake in Modes S-Ia and T-II, but largely entrained from the downstream cylinder side in Modes S-II and T-I. The entrainment motion in Mode S-Ib is very weak owing to the very weak vortex strength. Vortices decay considerably more rapidly in the twin-street modes, under vigorous interactions between the streets, than in the single-street modes. This rapid decay is particularly evident for the inner vortices near the wake centreline in Modes T-II and T-I. Other than flow structures, heat and momentum transport characteristics are examined in detail. Their possible connection to the initial conditions is also discussed.


We construct an inflation-targeting index for a group of seven Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries that ranks countries according to the key features of formal inflation targeting regimes. The relationship between this index and bond markets is empirically examined to investigate whether inflation targeting reduces the mean of the conditional volatility of the difference between actual yields and those predicted by the expectations hypothesis. We find that the adoption of a more stringent inflation-targeting regime is generally associated with a statistically significant drop in conditional volatility, suggesting that inflation targeting reduces noise in bond markets.


Zinc alloy electrodeposits containing 0 to 25% of Ni or Co have been prepared in the laboratory and carefully characterised with respect to composition and structure. A selected range of commercial...


What problem was addressed? The viva voce examination, traditionally a non-structured, nonpatient-based oral examination conducted by one or more examiners, has a deep-rooted place in medical education for assessment of critical thinking and reasoning skills. The reliability of this resourceintensive and time-consuming examination can be affected by several factors, including the anxiety of the candidate. The traditional, discipline-based viva is a requirement of the national regulatory body and contributes 20% to the overall score of mustpass certifying examinations at the end of Years 1 and 2 of the 5-year undergraduate medical programme offered at the Aga Khan University Medical College in Karachi, Pakistan. Students are admitted into the programme after higher secondary education and usually have no prior exposure to oral examinations. Although the students are generally knowledgeable, feedback from examiners revealed that the anxiety of firsttime examinees may be affecting the outcome of the examination as it often leads to use of incorrect terminology, slang and other non-verbal cues. What was tried? To address first-time viva voce examinee anxiety, students of Year 1 were provided with a formative assessment opportunity 6 weeks before the end-of-year certifying examination. The objectives of the mock examination were to (i) orient students to the viva voce process, (ii) provide an opportunity for students to practise oral examination skills, and (iii) provide feedback on performance. Participation in the mock examination was voluntary through advance sign-up to ensure appropriate logistics. Of a total of 100 Year 1 students, 82 signed up to participate and accordingly, 22 examiners were arranged. The process of the mock examination closely mimicked the real situation, with use of an appropriate scenario and two examiners per station. Rather than focusing on content, examiners were asked to provide constructive feedback using a structured checklist that included a binary scale for items such as adherence to professional dress code, body language, confidence and communication skills. Students were provided with the same checklist before the mock examination and the checklist completed by the examiners was given to students for reflection while viewing video-recording of their performance. Video-recording was facilitated by an in-house facility and did not require substantial additional resources. What lessons were learned? Feedback from students and examiners immediately after the mock examination about the usefulness of the exercise was extremely positive. Most examiners suggested that there should also be a focus on content knowledge and application in the mock examination. When this cohort was examined in the end-of-year certifying examination, their overall performance was found to be markedly improved as compared with previous cohorts who did not have a mock viva opportunity. In addition to content, examiners appreciated the students' confidence and body language, which were aspects specifically addressed in the mock examination checklist. The mock examination was a human resource-intensive event. However, the formative opportunity with focused feedback was beneficial for overall student performance in viva voce examination and is recommended, even at the cost of faculty members' additional time and effort.


Introduction: Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncologic emergency that is caused by massive tumor cell lysis with the release of large amount of potassium, phosphate, nucleic acids. Uric acid, a catabolic product of nucleic acid precipitation in renal tubules leads to acute kidney injury. TLS occur


The joint effect of an arbitrary sum resonance and a linear coupling resonance Q/sub y/-Q/sub x/=0 on stability of betatron oscillations in a circular accelerator is studied. The presence of linear coupling is shown to result in splitting of the cluster of sum resonance straight-lines into a family of hyperbolic curves. The analytic results obtained are verified by numerical simulations.


This paper considers the extent to which critical thinking might be conceived of as a threshold concept which unlocks threshold capabilities in learners. Utilising a problem-based learning approach to pedagogy the paper reports a small scale study which was designed to explore whether students in a Media Literacy class could be supported to develop their critical thinking capabilities. The paper argues that such capabilities represent a threshold transformation in learners, unlocking as they do a new way of engaging with media literacy. Using Baxter Magolda's model of the development of critical thinking the study examines the extent to which students shift from a very egocentric view of the world to a more integrative and reflexive view of the world as their critical thinking capabilities become more sophisticated. The paper further argues that whilst critical thinking can be seen as a threshold concept it might also be viewed of as a threshold capability which is transferable across a number of domains - it transcends the discipline and might be considered to be a more complex threshold.


kick-start the process by also doing a postdoc in industry? Industrial postdocs often provide higher salaries and greater access to resources than their academic counterparts. But how do you find out about available positions and whether they are a good fit for you? Will a position as a postdoctoral fellow provide you a foot in the door at a company? And what if you don't like it? Will an industrial postdoc cut you off from returning to academia? By Laura Bonetta


Along with the fast development of iron industry in our country,the utilization of scrap iron draws more attention under the national urgency of energy-conservation and pollution-elimination.This paper analyzed and forecasted the prospect of scrap iron market,and introduced the recommended standards electronic transactions of scrap iron.The paper also suggested the electronic transactions of bulk commodity be the development direction for scrap iron market.


Histotopographic studies of approximately 200 gastric ulcers using endoscopic biopsies show that the chronic gastric ulcer is found in mucosa containing only mucoid or intestinal glands. Furthermore, with few exceptions (prepyloric ulcer), this mucosa is usually inflamed. Since the ulcer is nearly always found at the border to the acid-producing mucosa, the localization is an indication of the extent of gastritis and of the maximal acid secretion capacity of the stomach. In patients with a gastric ulcer, normal body or antrum mucosa is found more rarely than in a corresponding control group.


ABSTRACT As the only oxygenic phototrophs among prokaryotes, cyanobacteria employ intricate mechanisms to regulate common metabolic pathways. These mechanisms include small protein inhibitors exerting their function by protein–protein interaction with key metabolic enzymes and regulatory small RNAs (sRNAs). Here we show that the sRNA NsiR4, which is highly expressed under nitrogen limiting conditions, interacts with the mRNA of the recently described small protein PirA in the model strain Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. In particular, NsiR4 targets the pirA 5ʹUTR close to the ribosome binding site. Heterologous reporter assays confirmed that this interaction interferes with pirA translation. PirA negatively impacts arginine synthesis under ammonium excess by competing with the central carbon/nitrogen regulator PII that binds to and thereby activates the key enzyme of arginine synthesis, N-acetyl-L-glutamate-kinase (NAGK). Consistently, ectopic nsiR4 expression in Synechocystis resulted in lowered PirA accumulation in response to ammonium upshifts, which also affected intracellular arginine pools. As NsiR4 and PirA are inversely regulated by the global nitrogen transcriptional regulator NtcA, this regulatory axis enables fine tuning of arginine synthesis and conveys additional metabolic flexibility under highly fluctuating nitrogen regimes. Pairs of small protein inhibitors and of sRNAs that control the abundance of these enzyme effectors at the post-transcriptional level appear as fundamental building blocks in the regulation of primary metabolism in cyanobacteria.


-A force-free magnetic field satisfies a relation V x 8 = zB, where ct is assumed a constant in space. For a surface current cylindrical main plasma confined by force-free fields, with teneous plasma including small resistivity, the stability is investigated in detail numerically by evaluating the stable region and the growth rate of the unstable mode for parameters k, m, Roho, rro, j and (,uoro)-' from dispersion relation, where k is a real wave ilumber, m is an integer, TO and Ro are the radii of the main plasma and the conducting wall, respectively, and j and ,UO are the plasma beta and reciprocal pitch on the main plasma surface, respectively. For negative (,u~To)-~, positive k and m = 1, the stable region is expanded by introducing the force-free magnetic field. The marginal stability curve of the main plasma with the force-free field approaches the curve for the vacuum field with the wall of Ro/ro = 1 as zi-0 decreases from 0 to a minimum value. To stabilize the unstable mode by the force-free field and wail, the values of j and (,uoi-o)-' must be chosen for the mode to vanish at k = -pa. The instability for the positive (pore)-' can be sufficiently suppressed by using the wall of &/ro - 1.5.


This study is about the profit polarization caused by the commercialization of genetic resources in the Nagoya Protocol era. The Nagoya Protocol has defects because it was on the basis of i) distorted anthropocentrism; ii) ambiguous approaches to the ecological imbalance; and iii) no universal standard for the implementation of ecological justice. In addition, the empirical analysis of this study supports that the profit-sharing for bio-genetic resources can even make the profit polarization worse. Also this study suggests the solution for 'fair and equitable sharing of profits' and ecological justice is 'ecological conversion', stressed by Pope Francis as follows: i) ecological rationality, ii) ethnic consumption, and iii) ecological community and regionalization.


Objective
To investigate the effect of microRNA-101(miR-101) overexpression on proliferation and metastasis of human hepatoma HepG2 cells and the molecular mechanism.

Methods
HepG2 cells were divided into blank group, negative control group and miR-101 transfection group. HepG2 cell line stably overexpressing miR-101 was established by lentiviral vector. The overexpression of miR-101 was detected by chemiluminescence method. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein was detected by Western Blot. Scratch experiments was used to analyze the cell migration and the Transwell assay was used to detect cell proliferation.

Results
The expression of miR-101 in HepG2 cells was significantly increased after transfection with miR-101, and there was a direct targeting relationship between miR-101 and VEGF. Compared with the negative control group, the VEGF protein level in the miR-101 transfected group was significantly down-regulated, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). Moreover, the cell scratch healing ability and invasion ability were decreased in the miR-101 transfected group.

Conclusions
Overexpression of miR-101 can inhibit invasion and migration of human hepatoma HepG2 cells by targeting VEGF.

Key words:
microRNA-101; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Liver cancer; Cell proliferation; Cell migration


Five sesquiterpene-related metabolites (1–5), including two new eremophilane-type compounds, philippinlins C and D (1 and 2) and a 4,5-seconeolemnane philippinlin E (3), were isolated from the organic extract of a Taiwanese soft coral Lemnalia philippinensis. The structures of the new metabolites were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of NMR data with those of related metabolites. Compound 3 was suggested to be derived from the neolemnane skeleton.


This volume is the 15th in the series of Nostos Books devoted to Greek history and culture; it comprises papers delivered at the 6th (1983) and 7th (1984) Annual Celebration of Modern Greek Letters at the University of Minnesota. The present volume contains four papers: two on Solomos, one by Professor Stavrou and one by Professor Louis Coutelle of the University at Aix-en-Provence, and two on Papadiamantis, one again by Stavrou and one by Dr. David Weinberg. Each of Stavrou's two essays includes a short biography of the author, a list and very brief discussion of his principal works, a bibliographical commentary, and a description of the Celebrations and the program in modern Greek at the University of Minnesota. The essays of Coutelle and Weinberg deal with aspects of Solomos' and Papadiamantis' work. The Nostos series under the vigorous direction of Professor Stavrou has done much to bring eminent writers of modern Greece to the attention of the English-speaking public. It is therefore especially disappointing to have to say that this volume is seriously flawed. In three out of the four essays, the reader is often hard pressed to understand what is being said, so filled are they with errors in English grammar, syntax, diction, and idiom. Particularly flagrant is the mishandling of English idiom in Professor Coutelle's essay, e.g., "That part of Italy . . . was engaged deeply in the practice of a particular poetry that the rest of Italy by no means honored to the same extent" (p. 52). The reader is especially troubled when a failure of vocabulary makes Coutelle's meaning unclear. Does he really mean that the subject matter of Solomos' Lambros is "trash" (p. 40), or that it was Greek "social prejudice" (pp. 39, 40, 48) that gave a patriotic interpretation to much of Solomos' poetry? And what is an English reader to make of these translations from Solomos' The


The Business idea is to establish a place (collection center), in order to receive seeds of oily, in that place will be performs the extraction of vegetable oils and organic fertilizer production from the residues, through the use of technology.

The jatropha curcas (Barbados nut) and castor (Ricinus communis L.) are of great interest for the production of bio-lubricants, as their culture is done in areas marginal for agriculture, in a fairly dry climate, with low cost.

The main factory will be installed in the municipality of La Dorada, Caldas department, by his strategic location in the center of the country, with large tracts land around, and excellent roads to industrial centers where the products are negotiated.


The extended surface is used to enhance paraffin/air heat transfer because of the paraffin's poor thermal conductivity, and the heat storing and releasing capacity of paraffin heat storage layer with variety of extended surface are compared by numerical simulation. The results show that: the heat storage layer with vertical rectangular fin extended surface has stronger ability on the heat storage and release, and can more effectively improve the air flow velocity in the solar chimney power plant system with vertical heat collector. Due to the restrictions of manufacturing, the heat storage and release capacity is stronger when the heat storage layer surface area with vertical rectangular fin is from 3.4 times to 5.8 times compare to the flat-plate heat storage layer.


The development of stem heartwood and the factors that control it play an important role in tree physiology, thereby impacting demographic and ecological processes of woody species. We investigated the relationships of stem heartwood with site- and tree-level variables in Pinus canariensis plantations. A total of 30 plots were sampled in the island of Gran Canaria, Spain, over a large elevation range (995–1875 m) and on terrain with different slopes (4%–70%) and exposures. The 15 pines closest to each plot center were measured and cored to quantify growth rates and the size of heartwood, also known as "tea". We used generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to account for both fixed and random effects while evaluating the best predictors of heartwood presence. Stem diameter was the variable most correlated with heartwood radius, and allowing for a random slope and intercept of this relationship accounted for spatially related variability. Furthermore, the GLMM model became more effective when the relationship between stem diameter and heartwood was modeled using the presence/absence of the "tea" rather than its measured size. Other site- and tree-level variables either were not statistically significant or improved the model relatively little. Because stem heartwood affects both wood quality and the amount of carbon that trees can store, our findings have implications for forest management and carbon-conscious policies.


Histories of academic disciplines in the United States have, with some recent exceptions, been traditionally the work of practitioners rather than histo rians. (1) Nowhere has this been more the case than i n sociology. T h e results have not a l l been fortunate. The twists and turns of history often take second place to debates over theory and method. Theories are reduced to elaborate taxonomies, presumably for teaching purposes. Historical interpretations are uncritically appropriated, most recently the "corporatist" critique of progressivism. These three histories, each by sociologists, perpetuate this tradition with mixed results. T h e authors focus on six figures who shaped the discipline in the decades before World War I : Lester F . Ward, Wi l l i am Graham Sumner, Frankl in H . Giddings, Albion W. Small , Edward A. Ross, and Charles H . Cooley. I n addition, Professors Smith and Lewis examine the contributions of the philosophers Peirce, James, Dewey, and George Herbert Mead, while extending the list of sociologists to include Wi l l i am I . Thomas, Charles A . Ellwood, and Edward C. Hayes. Together they raise basic questions concerning the philosophical bases, institutional setting and ideological thrust of early American sociology. Was it voluntarist and nominalist, or determinist and realist? How did professionalization and institutionalization affect theory formation? Did sociologists seek a critical, emanicipatory role or "objectivity" and increased social control? Dissecting the philosophical bases of founding theory, Roscoe Hink le purposes an ambitious and comprehensive taxonomy. Prewar theorists were concerned wi th both social epistemology (the sources of social knowledge) and ontology (the nature of social phenomena). Although epistemologically


The stability of the voltage at the receiving end of radial transmission links puts a limit on the amount and character of load that can be connected at that end. The paper demonstrates the potential of having a static var compensator SVC for supporting the voltage at the load end and therefore increasing the loadability of such links. Radial links of different transmission voltages and lengths as well as loads of different characters have been considered in showing the effectiveness of SVC. A general formula defining the sensitivity of receiving end voltage to shunt compensation has been developed. With the aid of this formula the regulator gain of the used SVC control model has been dimensioned and the steady state loadability limits of radial transmission links, at different load character, can be established analytically.


This research investigated gender and work experience differences in the importance of job characteristics. Ratings of eight job facets, representing 48 characteristics, were provided by 102 seniors and 504 alumni from a mid-sized, Midwestern public university. Women gave significantly higher ratings to family life accommodations, pleasant working conditions, travel, interpersonal relations, benefits, and societal contribution and significantly lower ratings to the pay and promotion facet. Significant work experience differences were found on seven facets. Graduating seniors rated the facets as more important than did alumni. Our results suggest seniors may need assistance with deciding among competing job offers, as they seem to think all job characteristics are important. ********** Predictions have been made, based on census data, that the adult work force will shrink in the future (Goldstein, 1989), suggesting increased competition among employers for graduating seniors. As students compare job offers, they are likely to consider various job characteristics offered by prospective positions (Heckert & Wallis, 1998). Companies need to be aware of which job characteristics warrant the most attention to attract and retain these future workers. In addition, college career counselors need to be aware of any differences between male and female students in what they deem most desirable in a potential job. In working with their clients, counselors may assume erroneously that the goal is to maximize salary. In fact, recent research (Browne, 1997) has shown that both men and women are willing to accept lower salaries if certain desirable features are present. That said, women, on average, do receive less pay than men (Gasser, Oliver, & Tan, 1998). For example, in 1990, women's average weekly pay was equal to approximately 77% of men's earnings (Davidson & Cooper, 1992). Even within the same occupation, women have been found to receive less pay (Firestone, Harris, & Lambert, 1999). Furthermore, numerous studies (c.f., Heckert & Wallis, 1998) have found gender differences in the pay expectations of male and female college students. However, researchers have failed to discover the reason for this pervasive pay inequality. Many theories have been created in an attempt to explain the gender differences in salary and salary expectations. One of the more widely used theories is the Human Capital Approach (Firestone et al., 1999) in which differences in pay are attributed to differences in job inputs (e.g., years of work experience, effort, knowledge, highest degree earned) and concern with various job attributes. In general, researchers (c.f., Heckert et al., 2001; Jackson et al., 1992) have failed to find gender differences in the job inputs most likely to affect salary. On the other hand, the premise that pay differences may stem from differences in job characteristic importance remains a possibility. Proponents of the Human Capital Approach have argued that women trade off higher salaries for other desirable job attributes (Firestone et al., 1999). For example, Mitchell (1984) suggested female physicians earn less because of their unwillingness, once they have reached a certain salary, to work extra for additional remuneration. In other words, to females, salary is less important than having sufficient time off. Obviously, for the Human Capital explanation to be correct, gender differences must exist on job characteristics' importance. Gender Differences in the Importance of Various Job Characteristics Much of the research on gender differences in job characteristic importance has been done on samples of business students (Beutell & Brenner, 1986; Browne, 1997; Honeycutt & Rosen, 1997; Major & Konar, 1984; Martin, 1989). In addition, two studies (Redman et al., 1994; Todisco et al., 1995) focused on medical students. …


Dear Colleagues and Friends: This report presents a summary of research done by the faculty and students of the electrical engineering department at Texas A&M University over a period of two years, 1997-1999. We intend to bring out this report every two years in the future. There are eight broad focus areas of research, although several faculty members have research interests spanning over multiple areas. The report is organized to give a brief overview of each area. The publications and research grants are, however, listed for each faculty individually, as a particular faculty member may have research spanning over multiple areas. Although the primary objective of the report is to bring to your attention the work of our faculty over the two-year period, I would also like to take this opportunity to make you aware of the quality and strength of our faculty and students, which have been on a steady rise over the last several years. For your convenience, we have organized some of the important facts about the department on the next page. As you can see, we have a very accomplished and nationally visible faculty that is contributing extensively to creating and disseminating new knowledge. As you will see on perusing the report, these faculty members are also very active in editorial, society leadership and other service positions. We also have very high quality graduate students, a vast majority coming from some of the topmost schools around the globe. These students are contributing tremendously to the growth in quality and the quantity of research in the department. I just cannot help mentioning something that very few electrical engineering departments in the world can claim. We are fortunate to have one of our former faculty awarded the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics. As you know, Jack Kilby received this honor in December 2000 for his part in the invention and development ofneering to recognize the long-term relationship between Jack and the department. This endowment was part of a $5.1 million gift to our department in 1998. I would also like to take this opportunity to invite you to visit our website at http://ee.tamu.edu. Here you will find a detailed description of our programs, background of our faculty members, our monthly news and previous issues of our newsletter, Currents. Man's mind stretched to a new idea never goes back to its original dimensions.


The performance of the vitrification process currently used in the La Hague commercial reprocessing plants has been continuously improved during more than ten years of operation. In parallel COGEMA (industrial Operator), the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) and SGN (respectively COGEMA's R&D provider and Engineering) have developed the cold crucible melter vitrification technology to obtain greater operating flexibility, increased plant availability and further reduction of secondary waste generated during operations. The cold crucible is a compact water-cooled melter in which the radioactive waste and the glass additives are melted by direct high frequency induction. The cooling of the melter produces a soldified glass layer that protects the melter's inner wall from corrosion. Because the heat is transferred directly to the melt, high operating temperatures can be achieved with no impact on the melter itself. COGEMA plans to implement the cold crucible technology to vitrify high level liquid waste from reprocessed spent U-Mo-Sn-Al fuel (used in gas cooled reactor). The cold crucible was selected for the vitrification of this particularly hard-to-process waste stream because it could not be reasonably processed in the standard hot induction melters currently used at the La Hague vitrification facilities: the waste has a high molybdenum content which makes it very corrosive and also requires a special high temperature glass formulation to obtain sufficiently high waste loading factors (12% in molybednum). A special glass formulation has been developed by the CEA and has been qualified through lab and pilot testing to meet standard waste acceptance criteria for final disposal of the U-Mo waste. The process and the associated technologies have been also being qualified on a full-scale prototype at the CEA pilot facility in Marcoule. Engineering study has been integrated in parallel in order to take into account that the Cold Crucible should be installed remotely in one of the R7 vitrification cell. This paper will present the results obtained in the framework of these qualification programs.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the synergic effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on bisphosphonate-treated osteoblasts. Materials and Methods Human fetal osteoblast cells (hFOB 1.19) were cultured with 100 µM alendronate. Low-level Ga-Al-As laser alone or with 100 ng/mL rhBMP-2 was then applied. Cell viability was measured with MTT assay. The expression levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were analyzed for osteoblastic activity inducing osteoclastic activity. Collagen type and transforming growth factor beta-1 were also evaluated for bone matrix formation. Results The results showed that rhBMP-2 and LLLT had a synergic effect on alendronate-treated osteoblasts for enhancing osteoblastic activity and bone matrix formation. Between rhBMP-2 and LLLT, rhBMP-2 exhibited a greater effect, but did not show a significant difference. Conclusion rhBMP-2 and LLLT have synergic effects on bisphosphonate-treated osteoblasts through enhancement of osteoblastic activity and bone formation activity.


When individuals lose the ability to produce their o wn speech, due to degenerative diseases such as motor neurone disease (MND) or Parkinson's, they lose not only a functional means of communication but also a display of their individual and group identity. In order to build personalized synthetic voices, attempts have been made to capture the voice before it is lost, using a process known as voice banking. But, for some patients, the speech deterioration frequently coincides or quickly follows diagnosis. Using HMM-based speech synthesis, it is now possible to build personalized synthetic voices with minimal data recordings and even disordered speech. The power of this approach is that it is possible to use the patient's recordings to adapt existing voice models pre-trained on many speakers. When the speech has begun to deteriorate, the adapted voice model can be further modified in order to compensate for the disordered characteristics found in the patient's speech, we call this process "voice repair". In this paper we compare two methods of voice repair. The first method follows a trial and error approach and requires the expertise of a speech therapist. The second method is entirely automatic and based on some a priori statistical knowledge. A subjective evaluation shows that the automatic method achieves similar results than the manually controlled method.


Intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of alkoxycarbonyl-substituted azomethine ylides to ester carbonyl was realized for the first time in the reaction of imines of O-acylsalicylic aldehyde with ethyl diazoacetate in the presence of Cu(tfacac)(2). The stereoselectivity of the cycloaddition is explained using DFT calculations.


A simple scheme to generate intense light with orbital angular momentum in a free-electron laser is described. The light is generated from a helically pre-bunched beam created in an upstream modulator. The beam energy is tuned to maximize gain in the higher-order mode which reaches saturation well before the spontaneous modes driven by noise are amplified.


Abstract : The federal government has undertaken a massive reorganization in order to create the Department of Homeland Security and a parallel debate over how to organize homeland security functions has arisen at the State and Local government levels. In a time of severe budget constraints and rapidly changing threats, governments at all levels recognize the need for multiple government agencies, the private sector and non-governmental organizations to work together in order to provide effective homeland security. The effort to improve cooperation, especially at the "first responder" level, has become a major priority in the homeland security arena. How then can local governments, improve interagency cooperation for homeland security? A recent conference of government officials and homeland security experts concluded that the central coast of California has one of the best emergency preparedness systems in the country. This thesis examines the high level of interagency cooperation that has arisen among public safety agencies in Monterey County, California in order to determine what factors have contributed to their success and how they might be applied in other situations. The author proposes that theories from multiple disciplines can provide insight into the likelihood and ability of organizations to cooperate. By drawing on bureaucratic politics, epistemic community and network theories the author develops an integrated model of interagency cooperation that describes the impact of organizational structure, institutional learning and information technology on interagency cooperation.


Various kinds of explanation on leisure sport's connotation are aiming at scooping its value and significance to our society and we human being.Meanwhile,if leisure sport is studied in the sight of spirit,its significance is supposed to be the people's desire for freedom and exploration on life's meaning.Because leisure sport is people's spirit awareness after their material satisfaction,leisure sport is not only the physical regression but also the expectation on inner truthfulness and freedom.Therefore,leisure sport matters not how many forms it has,but the participants' spiritual state.


The Technopark's construction has passed the first stage and New Technopark's construction is being planned in other 5 areas. But without appropriately being arranged for an index of the design, the planning at the majority of case is followed by bench-marking advanced case and a demand of the business proprietor, therefore, at this point of time, The evaluation focus on the degree of user's satisfaction after dwelling was carried out for a proposal of desirable planning direction and standard. The result of descriptive statistics and regression analysis, the business space is satisfied with evaluation elements generally but is not satisfied with social interchange, convenience and public space. According to this result, the expansion of the various convenience facilities which conduct mutual leaning effect through the expansion and activation of social interchange space for educational technology and information interchange and which support convenient research and business of enterprises is urgent.


Objective: Parents are key partners in preventing child sexual abuse (CSA). Body safety tarining (BST) aims to preventing CSA. The first aim is to examine parents knowledge of CSA and interventions of the BST. Secondly, to ev aluate the effect of parents' BST interventions on giving the child self-protection skills. Method: Sample included 92 parents and their 3-to 6 year-old preschool children. In the first stage of the study, WIST (What If Situations Test) was applied to the pre-schoolers. Secondly, data were collected from the parents about the knowledge of CSA and BST interventions. Results: Parents' have high CSA knowledge (M = 7.33 SD = 1.31). The proportion of parents who have knowledge BST is limited (32.6%). However, despite this limited knowledge, the number of those who talk to the child is higher (82.6%). There was no difference between the WIST sub-scale score; appropriate recognition, inappropriate recognition, saying, telling skills and Personal Safety Questionnaire (p > 0.05). The scores of doing and reporting skills were found to be statistically significant high (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Parents have high CSA knowledge, but the impact of BST interventions to their children on gaining the ability to self-protection skills is limited.


AbstractThe paper considers the deformation processes involved in the nucleation and propagation of cracks in high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloys, when tested in tension, and examines the influence of microstructure on these processes. For a superpure alloy, the effects on tensile properties of the width of the precipitate-free zone adjacent to grain boundaries and of the grain-boundary-precipitate characteristics have been determined. Tensile properties of superpure and commercial alloys are compared—the commercial alloy, tested in the 'longitudinal' direction, is more ductile for the same heat-treatment. A mechanism of fracture is proposed that explains the observed results. Several points of disagreement with earlier proposed deformation and fracture mechanisms are noted and discussed.


The aim of the study is to characterize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the administration of the educational process on the examples of legal and linguistic-didactic aspects. The object of the study is systemic and functional changes in science and education under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The subject of the study is public relations in the field of education and science in their legal and linguistic-didactic aspect under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Research methods are general scientific and special scientific methods, in particular, system-structural, formal-legal, hermeneutic; methods of analysis, synthesis. As a result of the research, the peculiarities of administration of educational processes in the conditions of COVID-19 in the aspect of mechanisms of legal support of activity of bodies of education and science, linguodidactics were formulated; the characteristic of systemic changes in the sphere of education which have occurred under the influence of the distribution of a coronavirus is carried out; describe the main approaches contained in the current scientific literature to solve the above problems.


We determined the growth, nutrient (PO4 3– , NO3 – , NH4 + ) uptake and proximate composition of Rhodomonas sp. cultured during seven days in batch culture using f/2 medium and agricultural fertilizers. The growth rate was similar with both media (µ = 0.37 and 0.38 day –1 ). Protein content in Rhodomonas sp. cultured with f/2 medium was higher than with agricultural fertilizers (10.7 and 8.96 pg cell –1 , respectively). Carbohydrate and lipid contents decreased during the exponential growth phase and there were no significant differences (P = 0.027 and 0.08, respectively) between both experiments. Carbohydrate content was higher during the slow growth phase in cultures using f/2 medium, whereas lipid content showed little variation during the slow growth phase, but was higher in cells cultured using agricultural fertilizers. During the first five days, total phosphate uptake by Rhodomonas sp. was 39.9 µM (94.3%) in the f/2 medium and 40 µM (99%) in the agricultural fertilizer medium. A total of 667.3 µM of nitrate (72.2%) was consumed during the first four days in the f/2 medium, whereas in the agricultural fertilizer medium formulated with ammonium nitrate, ammonium uptake (418.1 µM, 78.7%) in the first three days was higher than nitrate uptake (37.7 µM, 7.3%); however, when ammonium concentration decreased to 1.83 µM, the nitrate uptake increased. In conclusion, the cellular quantity and quality of Rhodomonas sp. was similar when both media were used and agricultural fertilizers can be used in marine aquaculture programs.


The Sky-Sailor project aims to build an ultralightweight solar autonomous airplane capable of continuous flight over days and nights. It is intended to be used as a demonstrator of a Mars exploration airplane. In this article, we present the work done by the Autonomous Systems Lab of Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) on the global design of the airplane. A first prototype was built and tested with success. Furthermore, the realization of a lightweight control and navigation system is presented and discussed.


Sleep staging is the basis of sleep medicine for diagnosing psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the existing sleep staging methods ignore the fact that multi-modal physiological signals are heterogeneous, and different modalities contribute to sleep staging with distinct impacts on specific stages. Therefore, how to model the heterogeneity of multi-modal signals and adaptively utilize the multi-modal signals for sleep staging remains challenging. To address the above challenges, we design a Two-Stream Squeeze-and-Excitation Network (TSSEN) to capture the features of electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrooculogram (EOG) for sleep staging. The TS-SEN is made up of two independent feature extraction networks for modeling the heterogeneity and a Multi-modal Squeeze-and-Excitation feature fusion module for adaptively utilizing the multi-modal signals. Experiments demonstrate that the TSSEN is superior to the baseline models on the public sleep staging dataset. The implementation code of TS-SEN available at https://github.com/xiyangcai/TS-SEN


In recent years, by using mobile cloud system (MCS) that integrates the cloud radio access network (C-RAN) with the mobile cloud computing (MCC) technology, mobile service provider (MSP) can efficiently enhance the capabilities of mobile users devices and handle the increasing mobile traffic to provide better quality of service (QoS). In a realistic scenario, the QoS of the MCS, i.e., service performance are extremely affected by resources allocation (such as the number of Virtual Machine (VM) and the CPU power of each VM). Therefore, the service performance evaluating of MCS is very necessary, which can benefit for optimizing resource allocation and task scheduling strategy. However, the studies of the performance evaluation for the MCS are still lacking in previous works. In this paper, we propose a performance modeling approach to evaluate the service performance of the MCS. A multi-queue model is first used to model the request execution process of the MCS. To the best as we know, we are the first one who uses the multi-queue model modeling the MCS. In the experiment part, two simulations are designed to verify this modeling approach. Then, we change the value of each performance-related factors to reveal their impact on the service performance of the MCS. The results show that when resources are lacking or just enough in the MCS, increasing the computing resources and the available machine in the C-RAN or the MCC is the fastest way to improve the service performance of the MCS.


The article presents the examination of main cultural landscapes concepts accepted in the Russian science. The author defines the place of cultural-historical heritage in understanding cultural landscapes within information-axiological approach and presents different points of view on classification and zooming of cultural landscapes.


"Internists are dealing with straightforward integumentary complaints that were once readily referred to dermatologists and this includes wart removal. But all too often internists perform wart removal procedures without differentiating between wart types and without knowing that those differences can have a big effect on their rightful reimbursement. As well, coders who arent alert to the subtleties of coding terminology may be prolonging or perpetuating the misapprehension.


Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are a family of porous solids combining organic and inorganic moieties with tunable porosity. Their structural parameters have converted MOFs into suitable compounds for gas storage or drug delivery. However, despite the excellent crystallinity they tend to exhibit their analysis through transmission electron microscopy is extraordinarily complicated owing to the high instability under the electron beam irradiation. In here, high‐resolution Cs‐corrected STEM imaging was used for the observation of the building units of MIL‐100(Fe), and special attention was paid to the electron beam current. In addition, MIL‐100(Fe) was reacted with AgNO3 through a solid‐state reaction technique, which resulted into the formation of metal nanoparticles on the surface. The incorporation of Ag into the porous network has been also investigated.


In this paper, we disentangle tax revenue forecast errors into influences stemming from wrong macroeconomic assumptions and false predictions of the elasticities linking the tax base to its corresponding tax type. Across six tax types and the overall tax sum for Germany, we find a heterogeneous degree of relative importance of both sources. Whereas wrong macroeconomic assumptions matter most for profit-related taxes and the wage tax, false predictions of the elasticities mainly drive the forecast errors of the energy tax and the sales taxes. For the overall tax sum, more than two-third of the error can be attributed to wrong macroeconomic predictions and approximately one-third to false assumptions on the elasticity. Our results suggest that outsourcing the macroeconomic projections to an independent forecaster and methodological improvements can reduce tax revenue forecast errors.


SELF-REPRESENTATION ACKNOWLEDGMENT [Local Rule 75.1] I acknowledge that I have read, understand and agree with all of the following statements: 1. The Court strongly recommended that I hire an attorney to represent me in this case. Contrary to the Court's recommendation, I have chosen to proceed with this case on my own without the assistance of an attorney. 2. I have the time, knowledge and ability to handle all aspects of this case correctly without assistance from the Court or any other person. 3. The Court and its Deputy Clerks are prohibited by law from assisting me with any aspect of this case, including without limitation determining what forms I am required to file and how to complete those forms. 4. The Court and its Deputy Clerks cannot provide me with any information regarding how to properly handle this case beyond the information on the Court's website, www.co.greene.oh.us/probate. 5. I am responsible for understanding and correctly applying those portions of the Ohio Revised Code, Rules of Superintendence for the Courts of Ohio, Greene County Probate Court Local Rules of Practice, and all other rules, regulations, policies and case law that relate to this case. 6. The Court will hold me to the same standards that apply to attorneys and persons represented by attorneys in similar probate proceedings. 7. If I do not fulfill my responsibilities in this case properly and in a timely manner, I will be subject to the compliance policies in Greene County Probate Court Local Rules 77.1 through 77.4, including financial sanctions. 8. I have a duty to act fairly, honestly, impartially and in the mutual best interest of all persons or entities that may have an interest in this case. I also have a duty to not do anything in my self-interest that is detrimental or harmful to others. 9. I may be personally liable to any person or entity that suffers financial damages as a result of anything I do in this case that does not comply with the legal requirements that apply to this case. 10. If I violate anything in this Self-Representation Acknowledgement, the Court may terminate my authority to proceed further with this case, or may require that I must be represented by an attorney to continue with this case.


MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry is a relatively fast, cheap method with good reproducibility. Therefore, it can be found in numerous clinical laboratories. To its advantages also belongs an ability to distinguish between very similar species like Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis. Our study focuses on the identification of 30 yeast strains belonging to Candida parapsilosis group: Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto (12), Candida orthopsilosis (8), Candida metapsilosis (10). An important virulence factor of these yeasts associated with a development of catheter infections is a biofilm formation. Yeasts belonging to C. parapsilosis group cannot be recognized by common biochemical methods. However, this study shows that MALDI-TOF MS is able to successfully distinguish among these three species. This study also examines a possibility to use MALDI-TOF MS to differ between Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto biofilm-positive and biofilm-negative strains. Our results reveal that the use of MALDI-TOF MS in this area is limited. Similar results were obtained also after the use of different matrices for MALDI-TOF analysis (HCCA, FerA, CMBT), the use of various cultivation media and cultivation under different conditions.


A highly stereocontrolled synthesis of 3 was accomplished. This involves the conversion of the cyclic intermediate 5 (from the reaction of dihydropyran 1 with aldehyde promoted by Lewis acid catalyst) to 6 in the presence of bases and introduction of an ester functionality from hydrolysis of the ortho ester intermediate. The method described herein is successful with a variety of aldehydes and affords products in high yields (55–89%) with useful levels of diastereoselectivity (10–30∶1). Experiments are described which unambiguously established the stereochemistry for the coupling products. Synthetic manipulations of products by functional group transformations to useful compounds are also reported.


The model of the buoyant raft shock-resistant system is built based on MSC Patran. Before the modes of the whole system is analyzed, some parts of the model is first picked out as a group for modal analysis to study its structure strength. The system dynamic characteristics can be estimated from the group modal parameters, which can guide the optimization design of the system structure.


An approach to dynamic scheduling is presented which draws inspiration from a biological control mechanism (the baroreceptor reflex). A simplified model of the reflex is proposed which validates known experimental results, and the nonlinear "scheduling" mechanism is analyzed for applications in automatic control.


Abstract A novel pyridine-containing aromatic diamine monomer, 4-[4-hydroxyphenyl]-2,6-bis[4-(2-aminophenoxy)phenyl]pyridine (p,o-HAPP), was synthesized by a modified Chichibabin reaction of p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde and a substituted acetophenone, 4-(2-nitrophenoxy)acetophenone (p,o-NPAP), followed by a reduction of the resulting dinitro compound 4-[4-hydroxyphenyl]-2,6-bis[4-(2-nitrophenoxy)phenyl]pyridine with Pd/C and hydrazine monohydrate. The aromatic diamine was employed to prepare a series of pyridine-containing polyimides (PIs) by polycondensation with various aromatic dianhydrides in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) via the conventional two-step method. The inherent viscosities of the resulting poly(amic acids) and PIs were in range of 0.62–0.76 and 0.52–0.64 dL/g, respectively. The obtained novel PIs exhibited high solubility in common organic solvents, such as m-Cresol, DMF, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), tetrahydrofuran, and chloroform. Meanwhile, flexible PI films were obtained, which had excellent thermal stability, with the glass transition temperature (T g) of 259.8–323.4 °C and the temperature at 10% weight loss of 485.5–576.4 °C in nitrogen atmosphere. The protonated polymer showed UV–vis absorption in the region 200–400 nm and displayed strong fluorescence intensity (470 nm) in NMP solution.


The existence of wide hydrocarbon compositional variations in reservoir fluids in the Niger delta (which are primarily driven by biodegradation, organic source input, maturity etc) make this tool excellent for identifying well bore or tubing string communication in dual well completions and identifying producing horizons based on oil-oil correlation. Determination of lateral/vertical reservoir continuity, cross-fault fluid communication (leaking/sealing faults), formation fluid identification where electric logs prove ambiguous, down-hole con-mingled production are other areas where this techniques has been applied with great success. Finally, the identification of origins of oil spills is one of the environmental applications routinely used in CNL.


Advances in technology offer new capabilities for all the professions and the lawyers are not the exception. Nowadays, ICT is used not only to enhance efficiency, access, timeliness, transparency and accountability, helping the lawyers to provide adequate services. Now, we are in the midst of a new revolution driven by the power of digital technology. These developments have enormous implications for every aspect of law. Traditional law companies have built themselves on leverage and hierarchy depending on billable hours by more junior associates and staff. Now, they are facing a new economy that includes competition from machines and global outsourcing. Unless they fundamentally change their revenue and employment models, more efficient automation can destroy these law firms. Business models have to cope with the external changes and to be adapted to innovation. They exploit technology and globalization by matching consumers' needs with tied-up services and products. Factors such as global competition, legal process outsourcers, changing regulatory requirements, rapid mergers and dissolutions, and alternative fee arrangements have shifted the legal marketplace into one of seemingly constant evolution. The new models are reducing costs, breaking away from old patterns of fee arrangements, and increasing efficiency through unique structuring and use of technology. Disruption is the shaking up of existing markets, mainly because of innovations. This study ascertains the digital disruption in the law profession taking into account three entities: technology, lawyers' profession and business models. The fields of business models in legal services are analyzed and an innovative application of SWOT analysis is proposed. The perspectives of the study may trigger future work in the rapidly developing landscape of digital disruption in the lawyers' profession.


A method is described by which the R-layer of the coli cell wall can be stripped almost completely of any merely accessory components. The structure remaining is still an intact bag. Its qualitative and quantitative composition suggests that the bag has no essential structural elements other than mucopeptide subunits of known structure.


In May, 1863 a group of Confederate guerillas led by Major Thomas Livingston attacked Union troops at William Rader's farm in western Jasper County Missouri. The guerillas killed eighteen Union troops, who were unarmed at the time, and mutilated their bodies. Most of them were from the first African American regiment of the civil war. The following day Union troops retaliated by burning the town of Sherwood, Missouri and multiple homesteads in the area. These events caused an increase in the brutality of the civil war in Southwest Missouri. To commemorate these conflicts and provide a "living history" site for the public, Jasper County plans to create a museum and park on five acres of property near the historic location of the Rader farm. To assist the county in this project, I performed historical research on the events and an archaeological survey of the park grounds. The survey yielded artifacts, including fired musket rounds, that improve our understanding of the attack at the Rader farm, will enhance the museum displays, and will assist in nominating the site for the National Register of Historic Places. The archaeological evidence suggests that the African American soldiers were more effective in defending themselves than most of the documentary sources indicate.


The construction industry is a very competitive high-risk business. Many problems, such as little cooperation, lack of trust, and ineffective communication resulting in adversarial relationships between contracting parties, are facing the construction industry. Partnering is perhaps one of the most innovative developments in delivering a project efficiently and reducing construction disputes. It provides a sound basis for a "win-win" climate and synergistic teamwork. Project partnering in the Hong Kong construction industry has gained in popularity since 1994. A number of potential factors contributing to partnering success have emerged and deserve further study. This paper presents a review of the development of the partnering concept in general and identifies critical success factors for partnering projects from the Hong Kong perspective in particular. Through a postal questionnaire survey geared toward project participants with hands-on partnering experience, the opinions of various parties—clients, co...


Background  Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection exhibits polymicrogyria, intracranial calcification, white matter lesions, and several types of intracranial lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in addition to various developmental disorders and epilepsies. However, little is known on the presence of hippocampal abnormality in this affliction. The aim of this study is to clarify the incidence of hippocampal abnormality in congenital CMV infection. Methods  Seventeen children diagnosed as having congenital CMV infection along with 17 age-matched pediatric controls were retrospectively evaluated by brain MRI and clinical review. The measurement data were obtained from conventional coronal sections in this retrospective study. Hippocampal malrotation (HIMAL) was defined as a hippocampal diameter ratio (i.e., the ratio of the height and width of the hippocampus) of >0.92. Results  Hippocampal diameter ratios were significantly higher in the congenital CMV infection group (0.99 [range: 0.70–1.58] on the right side and 0.85 [range: 0.66–1.39] on the left side) than in controls (0.71 [range: 0.58–0.91] and 0.70 [range: 0.50–1.00], respectively). HIMAL was present in 17 of 34 hippocampi (50%) in the congenital CMV infection group and 1 of 34 hippocampi (2.9%) in controls. No correlations were detected between HIMAL and intelligence quotient/developmental quotient or the occurrences of autism spectrum disorder or epilepsy. Conclusion  This study is the first to demonstrate the incidence of hippocampal abnormality to be significantly higher in congenital CMV infection patients than in age-matched controls. Further study is necessary to clarify the associations of HIMAL with other clinical and developmental features.


Risks and returns of portfolios consisting of stock, bond, and commodity indices from, respectively, the U.S. and European markets, are analysed. Di erent risk measures and statistical distributions are utilised in the construction of the risk models, in purpose to assess the usefulness of the di erent models for risk averse investors. Models under investigation include the well-known Gaussian mean variance model, the minimum variance model, and the distribution mean in combination with Value at Risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES), calculated both from historical returns and from estimated generalised Pareto distribution (GPD) parameters. The traditional Gaussian mean variance model works well as a rst estimate, but expected losses can be reduced utilising other risk measures. ES in particular appears to work consistently in combination with di erent con dence levels and distribution models. Moreover, calculations concerning ES are not noticeably more complicated, compared with other risk measures. According to expectations, the portfolio risk is minimised when the minimum variance model is applied. The simple strategy of holding equal fractions of all assets in the portfolio leads to absent returns in the best case, and in the worst case to disaster. The recommended strategy is to make a rst estimate with the mean variance model, and then adjust to investor preferences utilising mean ES models. Daily asset returns imply persistence of returns with relation to di erent risk measures. The di erent models have some forecasting power due to this persistence. However, GPD models in particular require an extensive amount of observations in order to produce


An improved multiplication free adaptive digital filter (IMADF) algorithm is proposed to reduce intersymbol interference (ISI) occurring in the data transmission channel. This algorithm is useful when the correlation of the input signal is high and compared with the multiplication adaptive digital filter (MADF) with its characteristics through convergence analysis. We implement a fractionally spaced equalizer (FSE) using this algorithm.


The Eu{+2} spins S = 7/2 in the metallic compound EuCo{2-y}As2 order into an antiferromagnetic helical structure below a Neel temperature TN = 40 to 45 K. The effective magnetic moment mu_eff of the Eu spins in the paramagnetic state from 100 to 300 K is found from static magnetic susceptibility measurements to be enhanced by about 7% compared to the value expected for spectroscopic splitting factor g = 2, and the saturation moment at high applied fields H and low temperatures T is also sometimes enhanced. Here electron-paramagnetic-resonance (CW EPR) measurements versus applied magnetic field H at fixed X-band rf (microwave) angular frequency omega were carried out using a linearly-polarized rf magnetic field oriented perpendicular to H to study the microscopic magnetic properties of the Eu spins. In order to analyze the data, the complex magnetic susceptibility chi(omega) at fixed H was used that was derived for linearly-polarized rf fields from the modified Bloch equations [M. A. Garstens and J. I. Kaplan, Phys. Rev. 99, 459 (1955)] (GK). It is shown that their formulation when applied to calculate the Dysonian absorptive susceptibility chi_D''(H) of local magnetic moments in metals yields a prediction that can be very different from the traditionally-used form of chi_D''(H). By fitting the derivative of the field-swept CW EPR data for EuCo{2-y}As2 by chi_D''(H) at fixed omega derived from the GK chi_D''(omega) at fixed H, the Eu spin spectroscopic splitting factor (g-factor) is found to be approximately 2.00 from 300 to ~125 K, and then to continuously increase to approximately 2.16 on further cooling to 50 K. We speculate that the enhancement of the Eu g-factor on cooling from 125 to 50 K arises from continuously-increasing local short-range ferromagnetic correlations between the Co 3d-band electrons and the Eu spins.


The Covid-19 pandemic causes learning activities to be carried out online, causing teachers to be able to utilize technology-based learning media. This study aims to determine whether there is a significant difference between the ability to work on kindergarten students' numeracy questions before and after being given learning through YouTube media. The method that will be used is descriptive quantitative to 19 kindergarten students. The results show that the data processing of the Wilcoxon test results is 0.449>α=0.05. From these results, we can conclude that the YouTube learning media has no significant effect on the ability to recognize numbers and do arithmetic problems. This is because (i) the research time is short, (ii) the instructional video is only given once, (iii) some parents do not provide learning videos to students, and (iv) there are still many students who have difficulty writing numbers correctly. But of course, the experience of students learning to use YouTube can still be useful to help students continue their education to the next level.